Tesi sul tema "Approche trajectoire"
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Tournassoud, Pierre. "Planification de trajectoires en robotique : complexité et approche pratique". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112070.
Testo completoGaillard, François. "Approche cognitive pour la planification de trajectoire sous contraintes". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839372.
Testo completoDelsart, Vivien. "Navigation autonome en environnement dynamique : une approche par déformation de trajectoire". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592259.
Testo completoDelsart, Vivien. "Navigation autonome en environnement dynamique : Une approche par déformation de trajectoire". Grenoble, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00592259.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a navigation method in uncertain and dynamic en- vironment. More precisely, it consists in determining the motion of a robot from an initial position to a goal one, while preventing the robot to collide with the other agents evolving in its environment. Between deliberative approaches - consisting in determining a priori a complete motion to the goal - and reactive approaches - computing a new motion to execute at each time step during the robot navigation - have arisen the motion deformation approaches, combining a motion planning method with a reactive obstacle avoidance process. Their principle is simple : A priori complete motion is planned up to the goal and provided to the robotic system. During the course of the execution, the remaining part of the motion to execute is continually deformed in response to information provided by the sensors. The robot is consequently able to adapt its motion to the behaviour of the moving obstacles or to the incompleteness of its environment knowledge. Most of the existing motion deformation methods only deform the geometric path followed by the robot. We propose thus to extend the previous approaches to a trajectory deformation approach that modify the followed motion either in space or time. To do it, trajectory deformation reason on an estimation of the future motion of the obstacles. By preventing the trajectory followed by the robot to collide with a forecast model of the future motion of the obstacles, the robotic system may anticipate their motion. As the deformed trajectory is arbitrarily modified in time and space, one of the major difficulties of the approach is to keep the motion constraints of the robot satisfied along the trajectory. In that aim, a trajectory generation approach with a final time constraint has thus been developed. By discretizing the deformed trajectory in a sequence of state-times, the trajectory generation process allows to check if a feasible motion exists between each triplet of successive state-times, and should the opposite case occur they are modified to restore the connectivity of the deformed trajectory. The trajectory deformation and trajectory generation with final time constraints have been illustrated by simulation results, and a few experiments have been proceeded on an automated wheelchair
Vasiliu, Adrian. "Une approche CAO pour la préconception des mécanismes plans générateurs de trajectoire : RéalisMe". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393842.
Testo completoVasiliu, Adrian Alexandru. "Une approche CAO pour la préconception des mécanismes plans générateurs de trajectoire : REALISME". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393842.
Testo completoCavagna, Numa. "Trajectoire de financement et gouvernance de l’entreprise innovante : une approche par la certification". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMOND020.
Testo completoThrough the act of certification at the seed stage, we seek to gain a better understanding of the construction of the financing trajectory and entrepreneurial governance. Situating our work in an emerging field of entrepreneurial finance, our work consists of three approaches. The first essay proposes a conceptual model of seed-stage certification. This literature review has highlighted a new player in certification: startup rating platforms. The second article is a qualitative study based on a case study of a startup rating platform. Certification issued by such a player is conveyed notably through its evaluation process. We aim to better understand the determinants of entrepreneurial firm ratings and their impact on its financing trajectory. We put forward several propositions as well as an informational intermediation model. The final part of the thesis addresses governance issues raised by the involvement of a third-party actor. External rating conducted by the platform, within a broader perception of governance, appears to influence disciplinary and cognitive mechanisms, particularly monitoring and mentoring activities. Through an exploratory study conducted through interviews with ecosystem actors, we seek to understand the impact of rating on informational context, innovation management, and governance construction
Recoules, Emilie. "Etude de la sensiblité de la reproduction des vaches allaitantes aux trajectoires nutritionnelles adaptatives : une approche par modélisation". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF22347/document.
Testo completoBeef cattle reproduction depends on nutritional status. Until now, relations between nutrition and reproduction focused on static nutritional variables and on few components of the reproductive performance. This work aims to propose a dynamic framework of the interrelations between nutrition and reproduction to better understand it and to simulate succession of reproductive cycles. Due to economic and climatic context, nutritional constraints may occur all around the nutrition cycle whatever the physiological status. A dynamic approach allowed studying the sensitivity of reproductive performance to body lipid quantity and change. Based on a conceptual approach developed in dairy cows, a conceptual framework of the interrelations between nutrition and reproduction has been realized. This proposes two body lipid trajectories: without nutritional constraint and under nutritional constraint (adaptive trajectory). Difference between theses trajectories influences the different components of the reproductive performance. Experimental data from Charolais cows in a not constraining environment and under nutritional constraints allowed quantifying these conceptual interrelations between nutrition and reproduction. A computer model has been built to test the sensitivity of reproductive performance to varying nutritional environments
Doga, Marie. "Francis Ponge : une trajectoire déployée dans l'espace littéraire : approche sociologique de la dynamique pongienne". Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29026.
Testo completoThis thesis on French poet Francis Ponge offers to delve into sociology, history and literature. The method that we use combines a socio-historical analysis of the literary world with a rhetorical analysis of both press and literary texts. The notion of` trajectory allows us to visualize the lines of force, the points where Ponge's creation breaks or branches off His ability to set his work "dans l’écart" (in the gap, elsewhere, otherwise) and "à l'écart" (outside, on the margins) of the conventions opens a new opportunity to be a writer. The demands of chronology are in line with the sociological use of biography, against the over-simplistic idea of a creative subject and a work that appear at once. Research is interested in the intertwining conditions of production, mediation & reception of` poetry. Ponge's literary identity crystallizes the dialectics of positions and anti-positions, a difference which remains unresolved, and yet constantly renewed, between apparently paradoxical opinions. We mainly question the discrepancy & distortions between literary & extra-literary. This aims at throwing light on the intellectual life of` the twentieth century, through a reconstruction of` the literary space via a specific path. Our encompassing perspective allows us to gain some sociological insight - into the nature of Ponge's artistic violations, the receptions of those transgressions, and finally the mediations, i. E. The process of` acceptance, recognition and integration of` those poetic breaks
Authié, Colas. "Contrôle visuel du déplacement en trajectoire courbe : approche sensorimotrice du rôle structurant du flux optique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22085.
Testo completoThe main purpose of this dissertation is to determine the role of the direction and movement of the eyes and the head in the perception and control of self-motion in curved trajectories, with respect to the properties of the optical flows generated in a stable environment. To do so, we used two experimental methods: a psychophysical approach which allows to assess human observers' ability to perceive the direction of self-motion; and a behavior-based approach on a driving simulator. The two methods combined should help to highlight active perception of self-motion.The introduction reviews the current knowledge of perceptuo-motor strategies during curve driving. In this context, we put a stress on both (1.) the particular role of the tangent point -- in the driving situation on a delimited road, and on the role of the optic flow in general (apparent transformation of the optic array during self-motion), emphasizing the capability of humans to spatially interpret the movement; and (2.) on the duality between movement and perception. We then address the role of head-and-eye combined movements, in a functional perspective of the control of self-motion. In a first experimental section, we analyze the oriented movements of the head in simulated curve driving. We demonstrate that head movements are independent from the handling of the steering wheel, and that they actively participate in the gaze orientation toward the tangent point.In a second experimental section, we set out to describe the combined movements of head and eyes, with respect to the geometry of the road environment. In a third section, we analyze in more details gaze behavior as a function of the tangent point direction and of the local speed of optical flow. We demonstrate that the tangent point corresponds to a local minimum of optic flow speed and that the global component of the optic flow induces a systematic optokinetic nystagmus. In a fourth section involving a psychophysical study, we scrutinize the effect of varying gaze direction on the discrimination of the direction of self-motion. We show that the trajectory discrimination thresholds are minimal when the gaze is oriented toward an area of minimum flow speed. We finally propose a model of trajectory change detection, relying on a Weber fraction of foveal flow speeds, predicting the experimental thresholds very precisely. The gaze orientation strategies we have observed (combination of head and eye movements) toward the tangent point are compatible with this model and with the hypothesis of an active an optimal selection of the information contained in the optical flow
Anquetil, Virginie. "La valorisation du végétal dans la trajectoire de mutation des friches urbaines : une approche socio-environnementale". Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b76002b3-85c7-461b-b014-8389be58dfce.
Testo completoPoncelet, Renaud. "Navigation autonome en milieu urbain en présence d’obstacles mobiles : une approche géométrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS340.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to plan the motion of an autonomous vehicle so that it can navigate and interact with other moving obstacles without collision in an urban environment. This involves taking into account constraints that may be specific to the vehicle (dynamic, energetic, linked to perception or forecasting systems), relating to the safety and comfort of users or to the environment close to the vehicle. These last depend on the topology of the road, driving rules and other moving actors in the neigborhood of the ego-vehicle. In the context of this thesis, we focused on: (i) the limited or partial perception of the environment close to the vehicle and in particular the presence of static or mobile obstacles hiding part of its neighborhood ; (ii) uncertainty about the prediction of the motion of other agents; (iii) maneuvers to be carried out in urban scenarios where the lanes can be congested with plenty of other static or moving obstacles; (iv) and the respect of the road signs. All these issues have been addressed through geometric approaches by adapting in different ways the principle of path-velocity decomposition introduced by Kant and Zucker (1986). The CARLA simulator has been adapted to validate the proposed approaches on different scenarios reproducing typical situations of interaction with other vehicles in an urban environment, such as, for example, crossing a crossroads with reduced visibility, overtaking a slow or stopped vehicle in its lane, driving in a section of road regulated by traffic lights, etc
Acosta, Suárez Esther Gloria. "Expériences de cancers urogénitaux au masculin : une approche socio-anthropologique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG026.
Testo completoThis thesis is concerned with the experiences lived by men who have been diagnosed and treated with a urogenital cancer (prostate, bladder and testicles) in the Spanish local context of one of the seven Canary Islands. The research instruments which have been used were particularly interviews with people who have experienced the process of these forms of cancer with the aim of understanding how they felt throughout the trajectory, from the appearance of the first symptoms and/or signs which led them to medical institutions, up to the experiences lived at the time of receiving the diagnosis and the announcement of the biomedical treatments, and finally the ways of experiencing these treatments (ablations, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormone-therapy). Approaches to the analyses of the experiences of those patients who were interviewed are cross-sectional, combining the phenomenological approach (the experience lived by these people), the interactionist approach, and the postponed narratives from these surviving patients, as well as those narratives related to the experience of living these forms of cancers. Identity-related tensions, the mourning based on the male identity and the stigma are placed at the heart of the experiences, closely related to the temporary and permanent metamorphoses of the body after the administration or practice of biomedical treatments. Unique experiences are also associated with the influence of the social and cultural construction of this cancerous condition and the male identity in the Western countries
Nguyen, Thi Van Anh. "Commande de robots manipulateurs basée sur le modèle de Takagi-Sugeno : nouvelle approche pour le suivi de trajectoire". Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019VALE0030/document.
Testo completoThis work presents a new design approach for trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators. In spite of the rich literature in the field, the problem has not yet been addressed adequately due to the lack of an effective control design. In general, it is difficult to adopt design to achieve high-precision tracking control due to the uncertainties in practical applications, such as friction forces, external disturbances and parameter variations. In order to cope this problem, we propose first control with H∞ performance to reference trajectory tracking control of two degrees of freedom robot. Secondly, we propose a new design framework with parametric uncertainties and unknown disturbances by using the feedback and the feedforward controllers. Using the descriptor Takagi-Sugeno systems, the design goal is to achieve a guaranteed tracking performance while signicantly reducing the numerical complexity of the designed controller through a robust control scheme. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the control design is formulated as an LMI (linear matrix inequality) optimization problem. Simulation results carried out with a high-fidelity serial manipulator model embedded in the Simscape MultibodyTM environment of MatlabR clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing with PID controller and computed torque controller
Reynaud, Eve. "Étude des réveils nocturnes et du comportement de l’enfant de 2 à 5 ans dans la cohorte EDEN : une approche développementale". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB108/document.
Testo completoContext: The structure of sleep evolves greatly in the first years of life. Occasional nightwaking is thus normal in young children, but waking-up every other night or more is considered adversely frequent. The scientific literature suggests that frequent night-waking is associated with concomitant behavioral difficulties in children. Yet, little is known about the evolution of night-waking in preschool years and its longitudinal association with behavior. Objectives: To model the evolution of night-waking between the age of 2 and 5-6 years and explore the association with family and child related factors. To analyze the associations between night-waking trajectories and behavior before school entry. Population and methods: Analyses were based on the French birth-cohort study EDEN, which recruited 2 002 pregnant women between 2003 and 2006 in the maternity of Poitiers and Nancy. Information regarding night-waking and behavior were assessed using parental questionnaires at the ages of 2, 3 and 5-6 years. The « group based trajectory modeling » method allowed us to model the evolution of night-waking and of inattention/hyperactivity, describing different developmental trends between the age of 2 and 5-6 years. The associations between night-waking trajectories, family and child related factors and behavior, were analyzed using logistic regressions, adjusted on potential confounding factors. Results: Two distinct night-waking trajectories were identified in children between the age of 2 and 5-6 years. One, named « rare night-waking », represented 77% of the children. This group followed a linear trajectory, which was close to zero and slightly declining with time. The second trajectory, named « common night-waking », represented 23% of the children. It was higher than the first trajectory at each time-point, and a peak was observed at age 3. Risk factors for belonging to the « common night-waking » trajectory were life-style related factors: exposures to second hand smoking, collective care arrangement, and time spent in front of the television. Children belonging to the common night-waking trajectory had higher risk of having emotional symptoms, conduct problems and inattention/hyperactivity at age 5-6. No associations were found with prosocial behavior nor peer-relationship problems. Three trajectories of inattention/hyperactivity were identified, a low, an intermediate and a high one, all stable in time. The risk of belonging to a high inattention/hyperactivity trajectory, compared to a low one, were four time more important for children with a « common night-waking » trajectory. Conclusion: Night-waking and inattention/hyperactivity persist in preschool years. A common night-waking trajectory during this period is a risk factor of diverse behavioral difficulties: emotional symptoms, conduct problems and inattention/hyperactivity. The latter co-evolves with night-waking. Our results highlight the importance of identifying sleep problems in early years, especially in the presence of behavioral difficulties
Tchoufag, Joël. "Étude de la trajectoire d'objets en chute ou en ascension dans un fluide visqueux : une approche de stabilité globale". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2299/.
Testo completoWe study the linear and weakly nonlinear global stability of the flow past axisymmetric ostacles such as cylinders and oblate spheroidal bubbles. These bodies are either considered held fixed or mobile under the effect of gravity in a Newtonian fluid otherwise at rest. A modal analysis is used to study the ``fixed" configuration in a parametric manner, varying the body aspect ratio and the Reynolds number. The wake instability is dominated by the helical modes |m|=1, followed up by the |m|=2 modes. The amplitude equations expressing the global modes interactions are derived and validated for thin disks up to the third bifurcation in the transition to chaos. A comparison with DNS shows qualitatively a good agreement. The instability core (wavemaker) and the critical regions most sensitive to an external modification (surfactants, etc) of the flow past a fixed bubble of frozen shape are identified through an adjoint approach. In the ``mobile" configuration, the stability analysis deals with the coupled system modes of the fluid+mobile object and shows non-trivial features of the stability branches among which frequency jumps and codimension-two bifurcation points. We show in particular that many trajectories directly result from the unstable global modes of the coupled system, rather than from the dynamics of the sole wake. A quasi-static approach in the high mass limit is used to establish the the connection with the "fixed" configuration. Last, the zigzag regime of disks and bubbles is proved to be satisfactorily modeled by a weakly nonlinear analysis, which particularly reveals the importance of the mean flow on the frequency
Fuchs, Amélie. "Trajectoire de la maladie chronique et carrière sportive : une approche biographique de l'engagement chez des personnes atteintes de mucoviscidose". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1040.
Testo completoBonnefis, Paul. "Etude des instabilités de sillage, de forme et de trajectoire de bulles par une approche de stabilité linéaire globale". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0070/document.
Testo completoThis works deals with the coupling between time-dependent deformation, wake dynamics and path characteristics of a gas bubble in different configurations. An Eulerian-Lagrangian formalism is sought to formulate this problem in a moving domain having a small deformation compared to the reference configuration. This approach allows us to study the linear coupling between bubble deformations and hydrodynamic effects. This formalism makes it possible to first compute the base flow around a bubble and the corresponding steady shape, then to develop a global stability approach aimed at predicting the threshold of path instability and the properties of bubble oscillation modes. To develop this method, we first compute the linear oscillations of bubbles and drops in a quiescent fluid without gravity and compare them to existing theory. Then, the premise of the Eulerian-Lagrangian formalism is illustrated using a model equation, namely the heat equation written in an arbitrarily deformed domain. The same formalism is applied to the NavierStokes equations, yielding a linearized version of these equations in the neighbourhood of a reference domain, including the two-way coupling between shape deformations and perturbations of the base flow. With this system of equations at hand, we implement a Newton method that provides the steady state, i.e. the base flow around the bubble and its geometry. The same system allows us to carry out a global stability analysis of the flow past a deformable bubble. We first consider the situation where the bubble is trapped in a straining flow, for which we compute stable and unstable equilibrium shapes. We finally tackle the case of a buoyancy-driven bubble rising in a pure liquid. A parametric study is carried out over a wide range of liquids, from pure water to high-viscosity silicon oils. Steady states computed with the Newton method and instability thresholds are found to be in good agreement with experimental observations. For low-viscosity fluids, our approach captures the viscous effects that take place in the boundary layer better than existing computational approaches, yielding predictions for the onset of path instability in better agreemnt with observations. Furthermore, it confirms that time-dependent bubble deformations play a minor part for such liquids. In contrast, a stronger coupling between shape and path instabilities is observed in high-viscosity fluids
Lerch-Malherbe, Magali. "La trajectoire d'innovation de la naissance d'un écosystème d'affaires : une approche multiniveaux : Le cas du développement des services mobiles NFC". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0507.
Testo completoThe open innovation movement, which has been emerging since the early 21th century, is at the origin of the emergence of business ecosystems (BE). They integrate players who have their competences and their roles co-evolving to manage the challenges of each stage of their life cycles. But few studies consider this dynamic dimension of the BE and especially its first stage: the birth. Specifically, it evolves along an innovation trajectory which leads the actions to define a new offer. Based on qualitative research and on process approach, this study focuses on the case of the emergence of a business ecosystem in the field of contactless mobile services. We conduct a multilevel analysis through the global process of this BE's innovation trajectory and the local process of the experimental projects which are articulated along this path. We are 'coking at these two processes as places, which include a managerial logic contributing to build key competences and a socio-political logic providing power strategies between players and their roles definition. Our results focus on two analytical levels. At the global level, the main challenge is to define a shared collective vision. It revolves around two dimensions: a technical dimension (the dominant design) and an economic dimension (the business model). It is formalized through key competences building which, in turn, defines the roles of the members. In this dynamic, competences related to "use context sensitivity" are crucial: they enable BE's intégration until the trajectory lock-in, then its efficiency through the generation of new alternatives which may lead to some bifurcations (positive ambiguity). At the local level, experimental projects promote the confrontation of individuals' strategies. They generate the building of competences which capitalize along the trajectory or question the collective vision
Cherif, Moëz LAUGIER C. "PLANIFICATION DE MOUVEMENTS POUR UN ROBOT MOBILE AUTONOME TOUT-TERRAIN : UNE APPROCHE PAR UTILISATION DES MODELES PHYSIQUES /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/publication/Theses/TU-0319.ps.gz.
Testo completoNascimento, de Oliveira Marcelo. "Une approche pour évaluer la vulnérabilité des systèmes d’élevage laitiers selon leurs trajectoires de développement : le cas des agriculteurs familiaux d’Unaí – Brésil". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0025/document.
Testo completoSmall dairy farmers face many challenges and risks in developing their production systems, in a highly unpredictable environment marked by uncertainties in climate and market, for example. But the challenges and risks are even greater when they develop their system from scratch (ex nihilo), a common situation in agricultural frontier areas and in the context of land reform in Brazil. Three main concepts are used to assess the dynamics and adaptability of systems, depending on the objectives : resilience , flexibility and vulnerability. This thesis presents the concept of vulnerability related to trajectories of development, as it was applied to assess 24 smallholder farming systems in the region of Unaí (Minas Gerais, Brazil). We propose a framework to evaluate the vulnerability of milk production systems, based on 10 indicators derived from the types of “difficulties” faced along the farm development trajectory as identified by smallholder farmers. These 10 indicators relate to three key dimensions of a trajectory : the family dimension (3 indicators), the technical dimension (4 indicators) and the financial dimension (3 indicators). By comparing values of indicators of vulnerability between different years for the same disturbance (a drought which occurred both in 2007 and 2011), many production systems decreased level of vulnerability over time. There is a great stability of the indicators related to family dimension. The vulnerability of five production systems decreased between 2007 and 2011, but with different amplitudes. A system may be vulnerable to a given disturbance at one moment, not vulnerable at another moment, or vice versa. In the near future, we will present our results to farmers and other actors in the milk production chain in Unaí, with the hope of stimulating discussion among them about the best way to "build" a production system that performs well without increasing the vulnerability of the system
Chatot, Tristan. "Aldo Rossi : trajectoire d'un architecte enseignant dans l'Italie des années 1960 : pour une approche dialectique et épistémologique de la théorie du projet". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG019/document.
Testo completoThe dialectical spirit which characterizes Aldo Rossi's intellectual disposition as a teacher and architect practitioner, crystallized during the 1960s, in Italy, a new approach to the teaching of the theory of the project in architecture. Trying to be rational while integrating the question of " the subjective element " of the architect, through his experience, the intellectual posture of Rossi was positioned in response to a political and university crisis. In the continuity of the researches led by the epistemology and the pedagogy of architecture and on his reflexive openness to other disciplinary fields, Rossi tries to build a theoretical essay to the Fabric of the project (Città analoga). He questions the analogical thought in front of the typological studies and tries to sketch a didactic method step by step. Facing the difficulty of rationalising " the subjective element ", Rossi, extends his essay on the Factory of the project, through his own works
Cherif, Moëz. "Planification de mouvements pour un robot mobile autonome tout-terrain : une approche par utilisation des modèles physiques". Grenoble INPG, 1995. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00005041.
Testo completoBarth, Nathalie. "L'activité physique adaptée pour les personnes atteintes de diabète de type 2 : approche sociologique des "carrières de pratiquant d'APA" dans leurs relations avec la "trajectoire de maladie"". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00862795.
Testo completoSadaoui, Sif Eddine. "Inspection dimensionnelle - Une approche multi-capteurs pour la vérification des spécifications géométriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN020/document.
Testo completoDimensional inspection, which consists in verifying the geometric conformity of parts in terms of specifications, is an essential step in the product life cycle. Recently, dimensional inspection has been increasingly based on multi-sensor measurement that allows a significant time saving. However, time saving is only meaningful if the quality of the results respects the metrological requirements. Indeed, the combined use of sensors of different technologies and characteristics generates issues that affect the measurement quality. In this work, an automatic inspection approach using a scanner combining a contact sensor with a laser-plane sensor mounted on a CMM is proposed. This approach aims to best use the abilities of each of the sensors, giving priority to measurement with the laser-plan sensor as soon as the required quality is obtained for time saving. The approach consists in defining a sequence of surface measurement operations that have specifications, called inspection features.Starting from a set of scanner orientations, the sequence of operations is established for each orientation by evaluating the ability of the laser sensor and then that of the probe to measure surfaces with the required quality. The inspection plan is completed by the optimal definition of the laser-plane sensor path and the probe path for each orientation. The final path executed on the CMM machine is obtained by transforming and assembling the two paths. At the end of the execution, the measurement with the two sensors leads to two heterogeneous point clouds that must be processed before the final evaluation of the specifications
Cosson, Arnaud. "Réformateurs au quotidien : approche sociologique du travail de réforme dans la mise en œuvre d’une nouvelle loi sur les parcs nationaux". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0031/document.
Testo completoOur research work brings together sociology of institutional change, studies of administrative work and studies of environmental policies. Drawing on a six years ethnographical study, we document the daily activities of directors of national parks (i.e. middle managers in French administration) in charge of implementing in new law to reform this nature conservation policy. We address the issue of reformer’s autonomy. We demonstrate empirically, then theoretically, that national parks, and more generally nature conservation policies, features high institutional inertia. Then we argue that, even in a context including strong constraints, reformers have autonomy. Yet autonomy is never pre-given nor can be taken for granted. It closely depends on reformers’ daily practices. Reformers need to build and to maintain their autonomy. Certain stages in institutional change linked to the implementation of the reform are critical to achieve this : the beginning of the reform process and then short periods when reformers can work to ensure that the dynamics of the reform process itself depart strongly from the usual inertia mechanisms of the public policy. Thus, the management of the reform process, more than its substance, is at the heart of the building of reformers’ autonomy and opens up a space for institutional innovation. We document the practical modalities of reformers’ work of interpretation, of composition and of modeling which contribute to the fact that ongoing action is increasingly being considered through the lens of the recent collective experience (since the beginning of the reform) rather than through the lens of the distant history on which institutional inertia is based
Steinmetz, Fabien. "Les déterminants de la trajectoire économique d'une pêcherie complexe : cas de la pêche française dans le golfe de Gascogne". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491849.
Testo completoMerle, Amélie. "Le livre d'artiste pour enfants : une approche esthétique et socioculturelle de l'enfance". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2021.
Testo completoThis thesis observe the phenomenon of the artist book for children. The primary objective of the study is to link our object to a deeper questioning concerning the place of art and how a form of specific artistic practice can take part in the concept of childhood and educational issues. The research attempt to clarify an aesthetic of childhood in the years 68, a significant development in a context of socio-cultural change in progress. Indeed, it is in this same period we can observe avant-garde artistic movements and practices which take part in the development of another perspective on childhood with art for and with children. Our reflection is in the field of the sciences of education but also in the history of art because the artist's book is part of these hybrid objects located halfway between the book and the work Of art. We question our object: if in a general way, the children's book carries a certain representation that a society makes of childhood, if it is like a mirror of what it wants to offer as Models of childhood, the specific book that interests us, the artist's book for children, can not it also tell us something specific about the childhood of today? In order to understand our object in all its dimensions, it seems pertinent to question the evolution of the image of childhood in the book but also to question artists who create art books intended for youth such as Leszek Brogowsky (2010) advocates it in the context of the study of specific artistic practices . We then proceed to a careful examination of artists' books considered as devices, alternative spaces (Dupeyrat, 2012), places of expression of a certain regard focused on childhood. It is by interrogating the artists, while trying to retrace their trajectory (Passeron, 1990) that our object will also become more readable and visible. Why have full-fledged artists made this choice for creation for childhood? How can the artist book for children be representative of a new look at childhood? Our work wish brings to light new looks to observe art and childhood otherwise
Vidal, Julie. "Etude des séquences de rétroaction corrective dans un dispositif en ligne d'enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère : une approche multimodale de l'oral". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2125.
Testo completoThis work aims to analyze six weeks of videoconferenced pedagogical interaction between trainee teachers enrolled in a master's degree in teaching French as a foreign language (FLE) at a French university (Lyon 2) and learners of French at a foreign university (Dublin City University). Corrective feedback is an important issue in foreign language pedagogy, renewed by the use of technologies. However, there has been little research on how teachers provide corrective feedback on learners' oral production in online interactions. Our qualitative study is based on the analysis of ecological data, organized into a complex corpus of video interactions transcribed and annotated using the ELAN software. We observed multimodal assessments made by the teachers, as well as participants' commentary containing their perception of the corrective feedback. We analyzed these data from a multimodal perspective according to which all the semiotic resources contribute to make meaning without automatically prioritizing one mode over another. In sum, this work aims to understand how teachers and learners co-construct corrective feedback sequences. We also want to update the effects of multimodality on the interactions in order to make pedagogical proposals for the training of future teachers of French as a foreign language
Champenois, Florient. "Configuration et analyse temporelle de réseaux avioniques à sauts multiples". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT036.
Testo completoIn the field of embedded real times critical networks, the current trend is to increase requirements in terms of embeddability and bandwidth, in order to meet the new challenges posed by autonomous vehicles and drones. To meet these needs, Safran is establishing a new certifiable model of a distributed network based on a mesh topology. This thesis is taking place within this project, in order to propose a set of methods and tools to meet these needs and thus improve embedded critical networks.With this objective in view, the thesis consisted, firstly, of presenting a range of improvements to Safran's new network model by incorporating multi-path redundancy in place of the multi-plane redundancy currently used in aeronautics to satisfy fault tolerance constraints. The thesis also led to the adoption of several measures to improve others networks capabilities.Secondly, the work also focused on the implementation of a method for calculating a pessimistic worst-case transmission time bound. The presence of cycles of dependencies between data flows within these networks impedes the vast majority of current computation methods to converge on a result. Part of the work has therefore consisted in producing an adaptation of the trajectory approach that can address such networks, while offering optimizations to improve scaling.The final part of the work involved implementing a methodology to produce network configurations that satisfy constraints in terms of fault tolerance, transmission time, and embeddability. This method, which is based on a multi-criteria genetic algorithm, also enables the configuration produced to be optimized as a function of several criteria in order to offer a more than satisfactory result.Finally, the approaches presented in this thesis are tested using a complete set of experiments, allowing us to conclude that it is pertinent
Ganne, Claire. "Le devenir des enfants accueillis en centre maternel : approche écologique du parcours et de la qualité de vie des enfants sept ans après la sortie d'un hébergement mère-enfant". Phd thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923314.
Testo completoBlorville, Gwenhaël. "Les formes d'adhésion au discours sur les créatifs culturels : approche sociologique de la diffusion d'une croyance dans le capitalisme vert". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2009/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the forms of adherence to the discourse on « Cultural Creatives », grasped as a strap of dogmatic transmission of « green capitalism ». At the crossroads of sociology of commitment, ecology and the study of beliefs, the thesis first traces social construction within the social configuration of « green capitalism », of reformist entrepreneurial movement. Appearing in the early 1990s, this movement is engaged in a work of interweaving between New Age values and other ecologies specific to the economic field. In a second phase, the field survey, which is based on the production of biographical interviews with a cast committed to the dissemination of this discourse, shows how the putting into practice of this ideology is the subject of positioning a continuum going from an area of belief to a utilitarian one, resulting in ultimate heterogeneous socialisations
Petti, Stéphane Renaud. "Navigation sûre en environnement dynamique : une approche par planification de mouvement partiel". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003661.
Testo completoGoyat, Yann. "Estimation précise des trajectoires de véhicule par un système optique". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399848.
Testo completoGoyat, Yann. "Estimation précise des trajectoires de véhicule par un système optique". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21900.
Testo completoCohen, Laurence. "Le co-investissement par des Business Angels et des Capital-investisseurs dans les jeunes entreprises technologiques et trajectoires de croissance : approche en termes de gouvernance d'entreprise et études de cas comparatives". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3073.
Testo completoIn their seed, young technological ventures seeking resources to finance their development may seek business angels (BAs) and venture capitalists (VCs). Our research shall include the type of investment (only BAs, BAs and VCs in sequential or simultaneous co-investment) implemented and this leads to the question of the nature and the quality of the relations and interactions among various categories of investors and the entrepreneur, in the sense that these investors may influence the dynamic of growth, and be themselves influenced by that dynamic. It implies that the pace and intensity of the venture growth of the young technological ventures do not have any kind of determinism, but they develop rather in a dynamic manner within the field of the interaction between the main providers of resources. We jointly mobilize agency theory and cognitive and effectual approaches in order to analyse the co-investment of BAs and VCs. We conducted a multiple-case study with a comparative aim concerning three young companies of the Rhône-Alpes Region. We have shown that, when the cognitive schemes of the BAs and / or the entrepreneur are close to that of the VC, the relations and interrelations can occur to a lesser cognitive cost during the pre-investment phase and that the sequential or simultaneous co-investment may take place. Our results indicate that a funding by BAs is associated with a slower venture growth and that a sequential co-investment allows the stabilisation of the venture growth without a very high growth for the company. We are also highlighting that when the BAs and / or the VCs recognize the high growth potential of the young company very early in the investment process the VCs really need to integrate the BAs who have a specific experience, like their entrepreneurial past and their knowledge of the sector. The predictive approach of these three stakeholders: entrepreneur, VCs and BAs promotes the implementation of a simultaneous co-investment. In this context, the investors (BAs and VCs) can serve as active partners alongside the entrepreneur and help ensure that the young company follows a high venture growth, or even a hyper growth
Abci, Boussad. "Approche informationnelle pour la navigation autonome tolérante aux défauts : application aux systèmes robotiques mobiles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I073.
Testo completoOver the last years, autonomous navigation for mobile robot systems has known an increasing interest from the scientific community. This is mainly due to the diversity of its applications and the different challenges that it represents. Without any human intervention, autonomous navigation must be safe, reliable and accurate. Nevertheless, it may be subject to various degradations that could compromise its objective. Indeed, external disturbances, as well as sensor and actuator faults, may affect the different aspects of autonomous navigation, which are localization, path planning and trajectory tracking. This is why we are devoting this thesis to the design of new algorithms that contribute to make the navigation system robust against external disturbances and tolerant to sensor and actuator fauts. We have adopted a residual generation based fault-diagnosis strategy combined with a robust sliding mode controller that is robust against a certain class of perturbations that are not necessary uniformly bounded. The proposed diagnostic layer is purely informational. It is based on the use of two information filters with different evolution models, and the divergences of Bhattacharyya and Kullback-Leibler for residual design. These residuals are evaluated using statistical methods, in order to detect, isolate then exclude sensor and actuator faults from the navigation system. The proposed approach is applied to different differential drive mobile-robot systems. Experimental results obtained by using the CRIStAL robotic platform, so-called PRETIL, are presented and discussed
Medlej, Sara. "Scalable Trajectory Approach for ensuring deterministic guarantees in large networks". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112168/document.
Testo completoIn critical real-time systems, any faulty behavior may endanger lives. Hence, system verification and validation is essential before their deployment. In fact, safety authorities ask to ensure deterministic guarantees. In this thesis, we are interested in offering temporal guarantees; in particular we need to prove that the end-to-end response time of every flow present in the network is bounded. This subject has been addressed for many years and several approaches have been developed. After a brief comparison between the existing approaches, the Trajectory Approach sounded like a good candidate due to the tightness of its offered bound. This method uses results established by the scheduling theory to derive an upper bound. The reasons leading to a pessimistic upper bound are investigated. Moreover, since the method must be applied on large networks, it is important to be able to give results in an acceptable time frame. Hence, a study of the method’s scalability was carried out. Analysis shows that the complexity of the computation is due to a recursive and iterative processes. As the number of flows and switches increase, the total runtime required to compute the upper bound of every flow present in the network understudy grows rapidly. While based on the concept of the Trajectory Approach, we propose to compute an upper bound in a reduced time frame and without significant loss in its precision. It is called the Scalable Trajectory Approach. After applying it to a network, simulation results show that the total runtime was reduced from several days to a dozen seconds
De, Moraes Rocha Katiane. "Une étude des effets du travail documentaire et collectif sur le développement professionnel des enseignants de mathématiques : apport des concepts d'expérience et de trajectoire documentaires". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN014/document.
Testo completoThe thesis deals with the construction of experience, in France, by mathematics teachers when they interact with the resources of their teaching throughout their career. It is particularly interested in the impact of the introduction of algorithmics and programming -proposed by the 2016 reform -on their documentational work. For this study, we propose a theoretical framework based on the documentational approach to didactics and on the professional didactics. We are interested in events (related to individual and / or collective work) that have the potential to transform teachers’ documentational work over time, introducing the concepts of documentational trajectory and experience. We have developed a methodological framework inspired by the principles of reflective investigation. We followed then two middle schools mid-career teachers: Anna and Viviane. The two teachers were chosen for their contrasted profiles in relation to the collective work. The study highlights that teachers interact in a very different way with resources and their documentational trajectories help to understand what is behind these differences. Finally, it highlights the potential of collective work for the professional development of teachers, in particular to cope with curriculum changes
A tese trata da construção da experiência por professores de matemática, na França, quando eles interagem com os recursos para preparar o seu ensino durante toda carreira profissional. Ela se interessa particularmente pelo impacto da introdução do ensino de algoritmo e da programação no ensino fundamental -proposta pela reforma de 2016- sobre o trabalho documental dos professores. Para este estudo, propomos um referencial teórico baseado na abordagem documental do didático e da didática profissional. Estamos interessados em eventos (relacionados ao trabalho individual e/ou coletivo) que transformam o trabalho documental dos professores 8 ao longo do tempo, introduzindo para isso os conceitos de trajetória e experiência documentais. Desenvolvemos um quadro metodológico inspirado nos princípios da investigação reflexiva. Nós seguimos assim duas professoras (em meio de carreira) do ensino fundamental: Anna e Viviane. As duas professoras foram escolhidas por seus perfis diferentes em relação ao trabalho coletivo. O estudo mostra que as professoras interagem de forma diferente com os recursos e que suas trajetórias documentais ajudam a entender o que está por trás dessas diferenças. Finalmente, a tese destaca o potencial do trabalho coletivo para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores, em particular para lidar com as mudanças curriculares
Aliakbari, khoei Mina. "Une approche computationnelle de la dépendance au mouvement du codage de la position dans la système visuel". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4041/document.
Testo completoCoding the position of moving objects is an essential ability of the visual system in fulfilling precise and robust tracking tasks. This thesis is focalized upon this question: How does the visual system efficiently encode the position of moving objects, despite various sources of uncertainty? This study deploys the hypothesis that the visual systems uses prior knowledge on the temporal coherency of motion (Burgi et al 2000; Yuille and Grzywacz 1989). We implemented this prior by extending the modeling framework previously proposed to explain the aperture problem (Perrinet and Masson, 2012), so-called motion-based prediction (MBP). This model is a Bayesian motion estimation framework implemented by particle filtering. Based on that, we have introduced a theory on motion-based position coding, to investigate how neural mechanisms encoding the instantaneous position of moving objects might be affected by motion. Results of this thesis suggest that motion-based position coding might be a generic neural computation among all stages of the visual system. This mechanism might partially compensate the accumulative and restrictive effects of neural delays in position coding. Also it may account for motion-based position shifts as the flash lag effect. As a specific case, results of diagonal MBP model reproduced the anticipatory response of neural populations in the primary visual cortex of macaque monkey. Our results imply that an efficient and robust position coding might be highly dependent on trajectory integration and that it constitutes a key neural signature to study the more general problem of predictive coding in sensory areas
Marquez-Martinez, Luis Alejandro. "Analyse et commande de systèmes non linéaires à retards". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00269005.
Testo completoOn recherche des solutions causales pour divers problèmes de la commande, pouvant être mises en oeuvre sans faire appel aux prédicteurs d'état.
Pour ce faire, une nouvelle approche mathematique adaptée à cette classe de systèmes à été introduite. Elle est établie de façon naturelle à partir des connaissances standard sur les systèmes non linéaires sans retard et sur les systèmes linéaires à retards.
Cette nouvelle approche est, en fait, une contribution majeure de ce travail de thèse. Elle nous a permis d'étudier quelques propriétés des systèmes non linéaires à retards, telles que l'accessibilité ou l'inversion, mais aussi de proposer des conditions vérifiables et constructives sous lesquelles il existe des solutions causales à plusieurs problèmes de la commande, tels que le rejet de perturbation, la linéarisation entrée-sortie et la poursuite de trajectoire.
Bauer, Henri. "Analyse pire cas de flux hétérogènes dans un réseau embarqué avion". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0008/document.
Testo completoThe certification process for avionics network requires guaranties on data transmission delays. However, calculating the worst case delay can be complex in the case of industrial AFDX (Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) networks. Tools such as Network Calculus provide a pessimistic upper bound of this worst case delay. Communication needs of modern commercial aircraft are expanding and a growing number of flows with various constraints and characteristics must share already existing resources. Currently deployed AFDX networks do not differentiate multiple classes of traffic: messages are processed in their arrival order in the output ports of the switches (FIFO servicing policy). The purpose of this thesis is to show that it is possible to provide upper bounds of end to end transmission delays in networks that implement more advanced servicing policies, based on static priorities (Priority Queuing) or on fairness (Fair Queuing). We show how the trajectory approach, based on scheduling theory in asynchronous distributed systems can be applied to current and future AFDX networks (supporting advanced servicing policies with flow differentiation capabilities). We compare the performance of this approach with the reference tools whenever it is possible and we study the pessimism of the computed upper bounds
Ecault-Bellec, Aurore. "Le choix d’habiter des travailleurs handicapés accompagnés : une approche biographique mixte. L’exemple de la région des Pays de la Loire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU2009.
Testo completoFrance is promoting the inclusion of people with disabilities in ordinary work and housing environments, (re)questioning the boundaries between ordinary and sheltered environments. This thesis in social geography proposes a spatialized analysis of the housing choice process of supported disabled workers in the Pays de la Loire region. The aim is to understand the impact of individual characteristics, the residential environment, biographical trajectories and public policies on the residential choices of this population. The methodology adopted is based on a mixed biographical approach using a 'questionnaire- interview' tool, which is sent to disabled workers supported by work, accommodation, medico-social or social support structures. In addition, semi-structured interviews were carried out with people from the Departmental Councils and the Departmental Houses for the Disabled in order to understand the impact of public policies on the respondents' residential paths. In addition, semi-directive interviews were carried out with stakeholders from the Departmental Councils and the Departmental Houses for the Disabled, to understand the impact of public policies on the respondents' residential paths. This methodological protocol reveals the socio- spatial dimension of the housing choices of 229 disabled workers in the Pays de la Loire region. The tendency is to seek (closer) proximity to amenities, services, work and surroundings. The departmentalisation of public action and the attachment to the area in which people live lead to low levels of residential and professional mobility. Decompartmentalising services is therefore a response to the challenges faced by disabled workers in the Pays de la Loire region
Rovere, Renata Lèbre La. "Trajectoires de modernisation industrielle : une approche sectorielle". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA070094.
Testo completoThe thesis studies industrial modernization in brazil, adopting a sectoral approach which stems from a critical analysis of both the neo-shumpeterian theory of technical progress and the regulation theory. The concept of modernization trajectories is introduced and developed for the analysis of the industries studied, which are the petrochemicals industry, the vehicles industry and the leather -shoemaking industry. These industries were choosed on account of their different attributes concernign modernization determinants. The study provides elements to propose amodernization typology, which identifies three main kinds of modernization : negotiated, imposed and competitive
Dougui, Nour Elhouda. "Planification de trajectoires avion : approche par analogie lumineuse". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817551.
Testo completoBaudry, Hugues. "APPROCHE DES CONDITIONS FONDAMENTALES DE L'HABITABILITE DES ESPACES. POUR UNE CONTRIBUTION A LA GEOGRAPHIE COMME SCIENCE DE L'HABITER". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00171043.
Testo completoDomingues, Santos João Pedro. "Métabolisme socio-écologique des territoires d’élevage : une approche de comptabilité environnementale". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0026/document.
Testo completoThe development of the livestock sector in the past century undergone a strong intensification. The current heterogeneity of livestock areas in France may have arisen from a spatial differentiation of intensification process. Different degrees of disconnection between livestock and land have resulted in contrasted levels of performance and impacts across areas. To date, a lot of research effort has been directed at measuring environmental impacts and economic performance of livestock systems at the farm level. Insufficient attention has been paid to the three dimensions of sustainability and to trade-offs among them. Existing livestock heterogeneities across areas also deserve more research. An approach that enables connecting livestock to land and resources, at regional level, could bring novel insights on the role of livestock in use and transformation of resources. The goal of this PhD was to develop a holistic assessment of livestock areas using multimetric indicators encompassing positive and negative contributions. We compiled three databases at the department level: i) database 1 was related to socioeconomic, land use, and production characteristics of 88 French departments, within an extensive time frame (1938-2010); ii) database 2 included data on crop, fodder and livestock production for year 2010; iii) database 3 included measures of provision of cultural, environmental and social services for 60 departments. With the first database, we created a typology of intensification trajectories based on a multivariate approach. With the second database, we assessed the nitrogen metabolism of livestock areas, based on the material flows accounting (MFA) approach, from which we derived indicators of performance and impacts to study synergies and trade-offs. With the third database, we studied the influence of past intensification on the current provision of services by the livestock sector. A multivariate approach was used to assess how different rates of change in intensification variables determined contrasted levels of services. First, we showed that the intensification of the French livestock sector was spatially differentiated and based on four trajectories, ranging from extensive to intensive livestock areas, and from crop specialized to areas where livestock had a small share of national production. Livestock productivity and stocking rates had a 3 fold increase in intensive areas, whereas extensive areas had a 1.6 fold increase. Crop specialized areas lose more than half of their original fodder area, and tripled the average farm size and more than quadrupled their labor productivity. Non-dominated livestock areas lose 30% of initial livestock population, and half of their initial fodder area. Second, the study of synergies and trade-offs revealed that gains in efficiency and economies of scale, often compromised other dimensions, e.g. through increased environmental impacts. The spatial analysis of relationship between performance and impacts revealed two types of synergies linked to the type of impact, either land or product-based. Both of which were in trade-off. Third, we showed that the provision of services was spatially structured and based on three types of service bundles, determined by different rates of change in intensification variables. Changes towards grazing systems resulted in higher provision of environmental and cultural services, whereas changes towards intensive systems resulted in higher levels of social services; but this was achieved at the cost of environmental services. This PhD thesis furthered the understanding on the temporal trajectories of livestock sector across areas in France. This knowledge could help to improve livestock sustainability. Our work provided knowledge on the drivers that shaped current intensification patterns and the provision of cultural, environmental and social services. It could be used to examine options for desirable longterm changes of the livestock sector
Fontaine, Antoine. "De la source à la ressource : Territoires, héritages et coopération autour de la valorisation de l'énergie solaire en Rhône-Alpes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH006/document.
Testo completoThis research deals with the construction of renewable energy resources, and along the way, the construction of the energy transition sustainability in the wake of the new geography of resources (Bridge, Castree). It is argued that an energy resource emerges from a set of relations woven between an energy source and a value perspective progressively associated to it. Thus, resource qualities are not given by the physical characteristics of the energy source (e.g. the diffuse and abundant solar radiation) but by the relations (material, social, spatial) woven around this source to associate it to several materialities (e.g. the electric grid, the roofs, the landscape) in order to construct its value. Within this framework, the energy resources sustainability is presented as a relational quality that emerges while the “associated milieu” (Simondon) of photovoltaic projects is structured.The thesis is organized around an inquiry about the emergence within the Rhône-Alpes region of photovoltaic cooperative projects (i.e. the “centrales villageoises”) that try to construct the solar energy resource in a collective and multidimensional manner (e.g. landscape, value redistribution) in the context of the early 2010s. The inquiry underlines that these projects relies on heritages (e.g. networks of actors, skills and political visions) from a series of pioneering energy projects developed in Rhône-Alpes between the 1970s and the 1990s. Through these heritages, the collectives learn to deal with a national photovoltaic policy that does not seem favourable for them. Their contribution to the construction of sustainable energy resources rests on the ability of these collectives to constantly adapt themselves to overcome the many trials they face
Tournassoud, Pierre. "Planification de trajectoires en robotique : complexité et approche pratique /". Le Chesnay : INRIA, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34938716b.
Testo completode, Halleux Myriam. "Le métier d'éducateur : trajectoires sociales et construction identitaire". Université catholique de Louvain, 2007. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-05282007-180339/.
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