Tesi sul tema "Approche multiniveaux de la transition"
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Leray, Alexis. "Potentiel des espaces délaissés urbains comme espaces d'expérimentation pour répondre à la transition socio-environnementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut Agro, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGROE072.
Testo completoUrban leftover spaces, which have historically been a source of citizen reappropriation since the end of the 20th century, could be a way of examining how cities are made today in a context of sustainability transition. Against an institutional context that is focused more on large- scale brownfields, this research, at the interface between behavioural economics, sustainability transitions and the field of planning, is based on the following premise: the inclusion of citizen stakeholders in planning decisions could prove beneficial in unlocking the vast potential of small-scale urban leftovers, by revealing, over and above market value alone, certain forms of values sometimes specific to the public, such as the values of social inclusion and connection with nature. It is therefore necessary to reveal the systems of actors and governance involved in the mobilisation of urban leftovers as a resource, and in particular the sets of values that are specific to them and motivate them to engage in behaviours of transformation and management of urban leftovers. These values, bearing hallmarks of social innovation, are gradually being spread throughout society and strengthened through networks that lead to transformations on a wider scale. This process raises questions about the status of urban leftovers in city strategies, in terms of their experimentation and adaptation potential for a resilient urban model. This PhD thesis is based on a multi-site case study, combining territorial diagnoses (spatial, historical, socio-demographic, landscape and environmental approach to the project) and semi-structured interviews (with citizens, intermediation actors and city planning stakeholders). It focuses on two experiments in urban transition in urban leftovers, one in Nantes as part of the ‘15 lieux à réinventer’ programme, which calls on the creativity of Nantes residents to take ownership of their city's ‘small’ property, and the other in Montreal as part of the ‘Nos Milieux de Vie !’ project, a post-development proposal that encourages experimentation with alternative ways of living together
Reutenauer, Coralie. "Vers un traitement automatique de la néosémie : approche textuelle et statistique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0038/document.
Testo completoThe issue at stake is the automated meaning allocation.In a first time, a theoretical scheme is elaborated to describe meaning change for a lexical unit already defined in a lexical resource. We focus on semantic neology, considered as a significant repeted change. Our model relies on quantitative evidence and it is inspired from text semantics. The preexisting meaning is represented as a structured set of semantic features. The context modifies it dueto salient semantic featuresin texts. These dynamic change is comprehended through description strata ranging from coarse-grained to fine-grained semantic units. In a second time, we dwell on relevant resources and tools from corpus linguistics. The resources are dictionaries and text corpus. Concretely, we use the Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé as a dictionary. Its entries are automatically converted into bags of semantic features. The textual dataconsists in three recent journalistic corpus. The resources are considered are mathematic spaces and statistical tools are used to extract significant units and to structure information.In a last time, we give an outline of a process to allocate automatically a new meaning. Experiments illustrate each step. This process relies on multiple levels of description, getting finer and finer.Through this approach, it is possible to qualify the new meaning in a precise and structured way
Berkoune, Karima. "Approche mathématique pour la modulation de largeur d'impulsion pour la conversion statique de l'énergie électrique : application aux onduleurs multiniveaux". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30310/document.
Testo completoThe power electronic converters are increasingly exploited in particular in applications requiring variable speed machines. The use of more effcient and more powerful components coupled with new multilevel structures widens the fields of application and allows high efficiency functioning. These converters are able to manage, with a suitable control, the energy transfer between different sources and different receivers depending on the used converter family. In the control interface, a particular pattern is used to generate control signais for the switches, it is the modulation. Generally, the modulation strategy takes two forms : a Modulation based on comparaison modulating - caiTier (Carrier based Pulse Width Modulation, (CPWM)) or a Vector Modulation (SVM). The purpose of the PWM is to generate a signal which has a mean value as nearest as possible to the desired sinusoidal signal. The usual control by PWM, in the case of multi-level architectures, requires as many triangular carriers as there are cells to be controlled within an arm. The modulation strategy selection for each multilevel topology is based on optimizing criterias related to the quality of the produced waveforms after the conversion. The choice of the variable to implement in the PWM scheme requires expertise of the experimenter and refers little to the initial mathematical model that can be established to characterize the operation of the power electronics architecture. Concerning the vector strategies SVM, the lack of a compatible model with PWM inverters is observed. The three-phase inverters with two or N voltage levels can be modeled in the form of equations of a compatible linear system that is written as V= f(a) in the case of a sinusoïdal PWM and V= f(1) in the case of SVM, with V represents phase voltages, ais a duty cycle and fthe switching instants. In this basic configuration, it is found that the matrix linking these voltages duty cycles (or switching times) adrnits no inverse, which means that it is not possible with the usuallinear functions theories to solve this system in order to express the duty ratios (or the instants of switching) as a function of the reference voltages. This is the reason that today a number of practical implementations of modulation is done after experimental analysis of the consequences of strategy choices on the variables of interest. This study proposes the development of a generic formulation for the modeling of voltage inverters and especially multilevel inverters. The development of generic models for the implementation of modulation strategies is illustrated. The extension of the average model to the three-phase systems is performed to the usual structures of N levels such as the floating capacity and H bridge inverters. The idea is to generalize the model to the multi-level architectures, whether by the sinusoidal PWM modulation expressing the alpha as an output variable, or by the SVM expressing tau. This thesis aims to define a modeling approach and mathematically express the set of solutions in order to generate modulation strategies for various architectures of inverters studied. This will be done using a tool for solving linear systems. This resolution is based on finding degrees of freedom, to be identified at first, then express them in a second step by establishing the link with the criteria to optimize for given architectures. Two examples of application have been implemented on conventional two levels of voltage inverters and the thtree levels flying capacitor voltage inverter
Lerch-Malherbe, Magali. "La trajectoire d'innovation de la naissance d'un écosystème d'affaires : une approche multiniveaux : Le cas du développement des services mobiles NFC". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0507.
Testo completoThe open innovation movement, which has been emerging since the early 21th century, is at the origin of the emergence of business ecosystems (BE). They integrate players who have their competences and their roles co-evolving to manage the challenges of each stage of their life cycles. But few studies consider this dynamic dimension of the BE and especially its first stage: the birth. Specifically, it evolves along an innovation trajectory which leads the actions to define a new offer. Based on qualitative research and on process approach, this study focuses on the case of the emergence of a business ecosystem in the field of contactless mobile services. We conduct a multilevel analysis through the global process of this BE's innovation trajectory and the local process of the experimental projects which are articulated along this path. We are 'coking at these two processes as places, which include a managerial logic contributing to build key competences and a socio-political logic providing power strategies between players and their roles definition. Our results focus on two analytical levels. At the global level, the main challenge is to define a shared collective vision. It revolves around two dimensions: a technical dimension (the dominant design) and an economic dimension (the business model). It is formalized through key competences building which, in turn, defines the roles of the members. In this dynamic, competences related to "use context sensitivity" are crucial: they enable BE's intégration until the trajectory lock-in, then its efficiency through the generation of new alternatives which may lead to some bifurcations (positive ambiguity). At the local level, experimental projects promote the confrontation of individuals' strategies. They generate the building of competences which capitalize along the trajectory or question the collective vision
Tran, Minh-Thi. "Approche des mécanismes d'oxydation thermique par l'émission acoustique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENI042/document.
Testo completoThermal oxidation was often studied by conventional methods: thermogravimetric measurement and SEM observations. The use of AE has not yet been widely developed in the field of thermal oxidation. The present work aims to use AE to monitor on-line oxidation and detect physical phenomena occurring at high temperature. It focuses on two groups of materials: susceptible to catastrophic oxidation (Ti, Zy-4) and passive (Cr, Ni). This work first presents the oxidation of pure Ti at 900°C under 150 mbar of O2, as a model material. It also discusses the influence of temperature, atmosphere and surface condition on acoustic behaviour. Oxidation of Zy-4, pure Cr and Ni in pure oxygen and/or under water vapour is then studied. Elastic waves from oxidation are converted into AE signals via a sensor, which is placed outside the furnace by an alumina wave guide. A correlation between AE measures and classical results was highlighted. AE technique was able to detect catastrophic oxidation and identify failure modes of the oxide. Beyond the AE discriminated parameters, we observed two distinct populations: the so-called normal population is attributed to background noise and relaxation of stresses in the oxide associated with micro-mechanic creep, probably located at grain boundaries. AE velocity may then depend on stress level and/or their relaxation. Post-transition population is associated to oxide failure leading to breakaway oxidation. According to the transition energy level, the oxide failure modes could be identified. However, AE did not give conclusive results on passive materials. Recorded signals are mainly caused by background noise
Dicky, Anne. "Une approche algébrique et algorithmique de l'analyse des systèmes de transition". Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10509.
Testo completoTran, Minh-thi. "Approche des mécanismes d'oxydation thermique par l'émission acoustique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634851.
Testo completoFrerot, Irénée. "Corrélations quantiques : une approche de physique statistique". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN061/document.
Testo completoThe notion of coherence, intimately related to the notion of wave-particle duality, plays a central role in quantum mechanics. When quantum coherence extends over several particles inside a system, the description in terms of individual objects becomes impossible, due to the development of quantum correlations (or entanglement). In this manuscript, we focus on equilibrium systems, for which we show that coherent fluctuations add up to the fluctuations predicted by thermodynamic identities, valid for classical systems only. In the ground state, coherent fluctuations are the only ones to subsist, an in this case we study their relationship with entanglement entropy. We show in particular that an hypothesis of effective temperature, spatially modulated, captures the structure of entanglement in a many-body system, and we show how this temperature can be reconstructed from usual correlation functions. Our results also enable for a refined understanding of quantum phase transitions. We show in particular that the phase transition between a bosonic Mott insulator and a superfluid gives rise to a singularity of entanglement entropy induced by amplitude fluctuations of the phase of the condensate. We finally identify a coherence length governing the scaling behaviour of coherent fluctuations inside the quantum critical region in the finite-temperature vicinity of a quantum critical point, and open novel perspectives for the metrological advantage offered by the exceptional coherence which develops close to quantum critical points, based on the example of the quantum Ising model
Metatla, Noureddine. "Approche atomistique de la transition vitreuse au sein de polymères vinyliques stéréoréguliers". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5102.
Testo completoRolland, Antoine. "Bio-bitumes obtenus pas Liquéfaction Hydrothermale : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4040.
Testo completoA process for the production of biobased bituminous binders by hydrothermal conversion of microlagal biomass is investigated in perspective of the post petroleum era. The hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process used is characterized by a moderate temperature of 260°C, resulting in a subcritical state of the water media. An instrumented reactor, thermally controlled, has been developed. It allows studying the impact of both the residence time and the heating and cooling steps on the formation process of biobitumen. Its composition results from a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) step during heating, followed by a liquefaction step during the isotherm at 260°C. The rheological properties of the hydrophobic material obtained are strongly influenced by the fraction of solid residues. These later partially consist of minerals presumably coming from the microalgae cultivation media. With a view to model the thermokinetics of the process, an energy balance allowed estimating the exothermic reaction enthalpy form measurements made on the reactor. Concurrently, the concept of reaction ordinate allowed comparing the processing conditions leading to biobitumen, to those leading to biochar by HTC, biocrude by HTL, but also to petroleum and pyrobitumen formed by the geological processes that inspires HTL
Barsan, Cristina Ioana. "Caractérisation du chromoplaste de tomate par approche protéomique". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0046/document.
Testo completoFruit ripening is a complex process, mainly regulated by the fruit hormone ethylene, resulting in significant metabolic and physiological changes, having as outcome seed dispersal. The most flagrant change taking place during ripening is the change in color. The organelle responsible for this is the chromoplast, the place of carotenoids accumulation. However this is not its unique role. It was found to be involved in lipid, starch, vitamins and aroma biosynthesis. Due to the fact that most proteins (95%) composing the chromoplast are codified by the nucleus knowledge on gene expression and genome sequences is not useful in the investigation of the functions of chromoplast in the synthesis of the metabolites of interest. High- hroughput proteomics associated with bio-informatics was used to characterize the tomato chromoplast and to reveal its intimate structure. Analysis of the proteome of red fruit chromoplasts revealed the presence of 988 proteins corresponding to 802 Arabidopsis unigenes, among which 209 had not been listed so far in plastidial data banks. These data revealed several features of the chromoplast. Proteins of lipid metabolism and trafficking were well represented, including all the proteins of the lipoxygenase pathway required for the synthesis of lipid-derived aroma volatiles. Proteins involved in starch synthesis co- xisted with several starch-degrading proteins and starch excess proteins. Chromoplasts lacked proteins of the chlorophyll biosynthesis branch and contained proteins involved in chlorophyll degradation. None of the proteins involved in the thylakoid transport machinery were discovered. Surprisingly, chromoplasts contain the entire set of Calvin cycle proteins including Rubisco, as well as the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OxPPP). The analysis of the evolution of the transcriptome of chromoplastic protein-encoding genes was performed. This data confirmed the reduction of the photosynthesis and the maintenance of the Calvin cycle, and of the lipid and starch biosynthesis. Further analysis is performed showing the activity of two important actors in the aroma biosynthesis (lipoxygenase and alcohol dehydrogenase). Several proteins with possible chromoplastic location were coupled with the GFP and expressed in the single cell system. A protocol for isolating tomato fruit chloroplasts and immature chromoplasts was described along with the characterization of the plastidial fractions by confocal microscopy. The transition of the chloroplast to chromoplast is a process that was never described by means of proteomics. This work answers some questions regarding the changes that take place in the organelle, and brings novel information for the understanding of fruit ripening process
Korchi, Fatima Zahra El. "Approche expérimentale multi-échelle de l'effondrement capillaire de sols granulaires". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS036/document.
Testo completoWetting in granular materials induces changes in the morphology of capillary bridges which pass from an isolated form (between two neighboring grains) to a merged form (between several neighboring grains). These changes in the morphology of the liquid bridges impact the mechanical behavior of these materials, and can lead to instabilities such as capillary collapse. The thesis presents a multi-scale experimental approach in the laboratory of the capillary collapse of granular materials during wetting. The approach concerns the three scales: macroscopic of a Representative Elementary Volume, mesoscopic of several grains and local of three or four grains. At the macroscopic scale, the wetting tests, carried out in a triaxial cell, allowed the identification and the analysis of capillary collapse phenomenon, focusing on the evolution of deformations over time. The tests are carried out on two granular materials, the first is a material made of glass beads and the second is a crushed sand. A clay fraction is sometimes incorporated into the material. Several parameters have been studied in order to understand their contributions to the triggering of the collapse phenomenon, such as: grain size, initial water content, initial compactness and percentage of clay particles. At the mesoscopic and local scales, an experimental study is proposed to characterize the mechanical behavior of a granular materials, in the pendular and funicular regimes. In particular, this study focus on the effect of the wetting and the coalescence of bridges, on the capillary force between grains at the considered scale. Wetting tests were performed by adding water volume increments to the capillary bridges. The results on behavior and collapse at the macroscopic scale during wetting are discussed using the results obtained on the lower scales
Mahjoor, Ahmad Seyer. "Approche sociologique de la transition en Afghanistan, 2002-2005 : entre tradition et modernité". Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUEL025.
Testo completoCoulombe, Mathieu. "Dynamique des ambiances lumineuses : approche basée sur la photométrie vidéo d'espaces de transition". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27041.
Testo completoNatural light characterizes architecture in a complex manner, especially when considering its fluctuations and variations whenever we experience a transition or passage from a space to another. It also influences the comfort and the well-being of its occupants. This visual adaptation appears in a process that is translated into a spatio-temporal dynamics implying body movement from space to space. The literature review recognizes the lack of knowledge in the relation light-space-time. This research proposes to study this spatio-temporal relation existing between light and architectural space, to qualify an architectural promenade through in situ experimentation including filmic segments. The thesis develops an innovative ambient survey methodology integrating whereas variables of this research take into account the qualitative and quantitative aspects of light. It combines the use of a luminance-meter, a camcorder and the analysis of numerical images as a starting point for the assessment of spatio-temporal qualities of light. The resulting analysis allows a classification of luminous transitional experiences. The architectural promenade is analyzed according to the diversity and relative intensity of luminous ambiances in relation to time, which allows the development of a descriptive analysis of visual perceptions through spatial transitions. This method of analysis potentially favours the design of sequences of spaces while encouraging and applying principles of luminous diversity in architecture. Keywords: Contrast, daylight, images analysis, light, luminous ambiances, video, visual adaptation, visual perception, transitional spaces, spatio-temporal.
Puzdriac, Camelia. "Espace individuel et groupal pour penser la transition en Roumanie : approche psychosociologique clinique". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100033.
Testo completoAt the end of the year 1989, the Romanian people entered a multi-dimensional period of transition. Along the 20th century, it went through a very sinuous period of its history - through monarchy, wars, temporary governments, a repositioning of its frontiers, a long communist period, followed by a short revolution that took place in a period of rather brutal mutations of the countries in the soviet block, even if Romania had a special position in this context. This research has been realized on four generations, by means of semi-coordinated individual and group interviews. It is about a clinical perspective on the daily life of the Romanian people, which analyses the relation of the individuals as a psychic, family group and social subject, through the instrumentality of a social contract, created by the communist regime. The ability a subject can create / find in himself in order to adapt to the post-communist period changes and to new external social groups - thus, to his own potential future - depends on a fragment of the irrepresentable psychological marks which he shares with the collective events which left a mark on the destiny of his predecessors and on his own delusive investment in these marks. All along the life histories of our participants, we emphasized the social contract established by the regime with the common citizen, depending on the characteristics of the tyrannical bond, on the perverse mechanism of creating and maintaining this contract and on the totalitarianism's effects on the psychic in Romania
De, Schutter Coralie. "Nouvelle approche pour la préparation de difluoromethylphosphonates comme analogues de l'état de transition". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2066.
Testo completoDue to the limitation of phosphonates as biological models of phosphates, difluoromethylphosphonates have been introduced as stable and isopolar phosphate mimics. This new class of phosphate analogs provided a powerful arsenal of biological probes for examination or perturbation of the mechanisms of phosphoryl transfer enzymes. Their efficiency has been established through many examples. In the field, our group has been interested in the design and synthesis of thymidine phosphorylase (TPase) inhibitors, an enzyme involved in tumor angiogenesis. This Ph. D. Work was devoted to the development of new methodologies to introduce the difluoromethylphosphonate moiety via a radical and ionic approach for the preparation of a new series of TPase inhibitors. The first chapter gives an overview of the different methods described in the literature and the difficulties encountered to introduce the difluorophosphonate moiety. As a result, we investigated the scope and limitation of the phosphonodifluoromethyl radical reactivity toward electron rich and poor alkenes/alkynes. In our work, we have shown the difluorophosphonylated radical reacted smoothly with various electron rich alkenes and alkynes. We also reported its unusual behavior as a nucleophilic radical in the radical conjugated addition reaction (RCA) onto α,β-unsaturated alkenes in the presence of triethylborane. It is worthy of note that this last reaction was unexplored in the literature and allowed us to efficiently access to new functionalized difluorophosphonates. RCA was extended to carbethoxydifluoro- and carbethoxyfluoromethyl radicals and revealed the ambiphilic character of fluorinated radicals. The last chapter was focused on the preparation of TPase inhibitors by anionic and radical pathways, and their biological evaluation
Chéron, Nicolas. "Approche théorique de la réactivité des isonitriles en chimie organique". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662613.
Testo completoDemulier, Virginie. "Les determinants psychologiques de la planification des transitions psychosociales : vers une approche dispositionnelle". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113001.
Testo completoPost-transitional adaptation depends on transition planning. However, many people do not plan ahead, exposing themselves to psychological distress following the transition. Thus, this doctoral project thus focuses on mechanisms underlying transition planning and attempts to explain individual differences in terms of planning. More precisely, we support the thesis that dispositional variables determine the processes that explain transition planning. Although personality traits are linked to reactions and adaptation to transition, research evaluating the role of personality in transition planning is lacking. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), Beehr’model (1986), the Social Cognitive Career Theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) and the Five Factor Model (Digman, 1990), this doctoral project aims to identify personality factors explaining psychosocial transition planning. It demonstrates that sociocognitive variables contribute to retirement planning from elite sport (study 1). Personality traits influence the planned retirement age from work (study 2). In addition, conscientiousness contributes to career planning among elite athletes through career goals and self-efficacy (study 3). Finally, personality traits predict career planning amongst students (study 4). Overall, this project contributes to highlighting personality traits as determinants of sociocognitive mechanisms of transition planning and further provides a better understanding of processes underlying individual differences in psychosocial transition planning. Finally this doctoral project demonstrates the need to individualize support to better assist individuals in transition preparation
Mbakidi-Ngouaby, Henri. "Métabolites de Pseudotsuga menziesii : approche métabolomique et rôle dans la résistance". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0056/document.
Testo completoFor the identification and access to secondary metabolites of Douglas-fir, the optimization of the extraction conditions was carried out in different solvents. The identification of compounds by LC-MS / MS was favored. LC-ESI-MS / MS analysis of thewood extracts from the three zones was carried out to identify the different groups of metabolites present in each zone. About fifty metabolites have been identified. The most representative groups of metabolites are polyphenols and terpenes, which are said to have antioxidant, antifungal properties that are at origin of the natural durability of wood. In a second step, the relative quantification of metabolites of interest was carried out using wood samples taken during the 4 seasons of the year. The results showed that duramen was the richest metabolite area in any season. However, the amount of each metabolite varies differently depending on the season. For a majority of quantified compounds, spring and summer are the seasons in which wood accumulates a large amount of metabolites. These results confirm that the duramen is the area richest in protective metabolites. This information can be useful for selecting the most resistant lines and improving the natural durability of wood
Theunissen, Thomas. "Déformation à la transition entre subduction et collision à l'est de Taïwan : approche sismologique". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660737.
Testo completoRoussin, François. "Formation et transition école-travail une approche par modèles de durée avec risques concurrents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ46791.pdf.
Testo completoZapata, Laurence. "Approche d'une méthode de cyclisation d'oligonucléotides par l'intermédiaire de complexes des métaux de transition". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30069.
Testo completoDuc, Nguyen Manh. "Approche électronique de l'ordre local dans les alliages à base de métaux de transition". Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10072.
Testo completoRoussin, François. "Formation et transition école-travail : une approche par modèles de durée avec risques concurrents". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1999.
Cerca il testo completoMesnard, Mathilde. "La corporate governance dans la Russie en transition : une approche en termes de cohérence institutionnelle". Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0006.
Testo completoFiolleau, Sylvain. "Etude des mécanismes de déformation d'un glissement-coulée par une approche multi-méthodes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALU025.
Testo completoGround movements affecting clay materials constitute a major risk to infrastructure and populations, with sudden episodes of reactivation that can lead to rapid movements (flow type). This thesis work is interested in understanding the different mechanisms of reactivation and deformation in a landslide of this type, by studying mass transfers in a material with a solid behavior at the top of the landslide and a fluid behavior at the toe. The study site is the Harmalière landslide (Trièves, French Alps), consisting of glaciolacustrine clays. Since the major event of March 1981 which took away 45 ha, this landslide has undergone numerous retrogression episodes with an average rate of 4 m/year at the headscarp and mass transfers of several million m3. The study was based on a multi-method approach, combining remote sensing (satellite images, LiDAR, GNSS, UAV), geophysical and mechanical techniques. In a first part, an analysis of the various recent events (from 2016) made it possible to describe and quantify the various mass transfers during reactivations. In a second part, a more detailed study of the reactivations at the head of the landslide was carried out. First, a study of the seismic background noise recorded continuously during the 4 months preceding the rupture of a clay blockat the headscarp was carried out. Five seismic parameters were monitored (cumulative number of events, seismic energy, resonance frequency, Rayleigh wave velocity variations and associated correlation coefficient). All these parameters showed a precursor signal prior to the rupture. Then, a preliminary study focuses on the evolution of the mechanical properties of a low mechanical strength layer close to the headscarp. In a third part, the degradation mechanisms of the material leading to flow type behavior were explored using a mechanical approach and UAV imaging. The mechanical approach allowed to study the evolution of the geotechnical properties of the clayey material in the landslide. UAV imaging was used to follow the evolution of the clay blocks at the head of the landslide and to quantify the degradation rate of the material
Souier, Mohammed Tewfik. "Nouvelle approche expérimentale de la corrosion caverneuse des aciers inoxydables". Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0057.
Testo completoThe crevice corrosion of stainless steels is investigated by using an original electrochemical devise : simultaneous potential and corrosion current measurements at open circuit conditions without any polarization. Two propagation behaviors have been evidenced : stationary and oscillating behaviors closely related to the mechanisms controlling this mode of corrosion. First, the kinetic laws of anodic and cathodic reactions have been obtained : the cathodic current density follows a Tafel law and the anodic one varies linearly with electrode potential. The crevice current is found to be controlled by the position of the active-passive transition between the bottom and crevice mouth. The proposed mathematical model to account for the stationary results, can be generalized to the nonstationary behavior and predicted the observed oscillations as a result of the fluctuation of passive active transition. The characteristic time constant obtained by using EIS is found to be equal to the oscillations period and thus the suggested model is confirmed. From a point of view of materials selection, the adopted technique allows to classify alloys according to their resistance into crevice in a way much more relevant than the existing criteria. Thus, a predominant effect of the nickel content, on comparison of different steel grades, is observed. The effect of the industrial surface finishes is also highlighted suggesting that the active/passive transition pH of a passives films formed by various industrial process are sufficiently different to change significantly crevice corrosion resistance of one stainless steel grad
Atmani, Rafiqui Chahlae. "Approche polymétrique à base d’anions polynitrile : vers une nouvelle génération de matériaux à transition de spin". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2044.
Testo completoIn recent years much work has been dedicated to the spin transition materials that have the ability to save information due to their physical commutable properties: thermal and optics metastability. In this context, the target of our work was to design new spin transition systems of high dimensionality. We have decided to combine around the metal cation Fe (II) two types of bridging ligands: mono or polydentate neutral bridging co-ligands on one hand and bridging polynitrile anions on the other hand. Thus, this thesis is divided into three chapters. In order to understand the objectives of this work, the first chapter consists of two parts. The first part is devoted to presenting general properties of spin transition compounds of Fe (II) and the various parameters influencing their characteristics. In the second part, we presented a new series of polynitrile anions, and a new way to access to these anions. In the second chapter, we presented a series of five new compounds from 1D to 3D systems, with the original architecture. The third chapter is devoted firstly to the association around the metal cation Fe (II) of dianions polynitrile (tcpd2 and tcno2) and the co-ligand bpym leading to three new polymers and in a second time we have introduced the new compound [Fe2(bpym)(tcnopr)4] presenting original 3D crystal structure and spin transition properties together. We performed photocristallographic and photomagnetic studies at low temperature for this latter compound
Porzucek, Kathy. "Approche métallurgique de la déformation non élastique de mélanges à base polypropylène renforcés élastomère". Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10084.
Testo completoSoulacroix, Julian. "Approche micromécanique du comportement du combustible dioxyde d'uranium". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0032/document.
Testo completoUranium dioxide (UO2) is the reference fuel for pressurized water nuclear reactors. Our study deals with understanding and modeling of mechanical behavior at the microstructure scale at low temperatures (brittle fracture) and high temperature (viscoplastic strain). We have first studied the geometrical properties of polycrystals at large and of UO2 polycrystal more specifically. As of now, knowledge of this behavior in the brittle fracture range is limited. Consequently, we developed an experimental method which allows better understanding of brittle fracture phenomenon at grain scale. We show that fracture is fully intra-granular and {100} planes seem to be the most preferential cleavage planes. Experimental results are directly used to deduce constitutive equations of intra-granular brittle fracture at crystal scale. This behavior is then used in 3D polycrystal simulation of brittle fracture. The full field calculation gives access to the initiation of fracture and propagation of the crack through the grains. Finally, we developed a mechanical behavior model of UO2 in the viscoplastic range. We first present constitutive equations at macroscopic scale which accounts for an ageing process caused by migration of defects towards dislocations. Secondly, we have developed a crystal plasticity model which was fitted to UO2. This model includes the rotation of the crystal lattice. We present examples of polycrystalline simulations
Grasset, Fabien. "Nouveaux systèmes catalytiques pour l'oligomérisation de l'éthylène : approche expérimentation haut débit (EHD)". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6263.
Testo completoThis thesis describes the development of a catalyst family based upon titanium and zirconium complexes supported by heteroatom functionalized aryloxido and alkoxido ligands. Many aryloxido and alkoxido ligands that presents different electronic and steric properties were then synthesized. The corresponding complexes of general formulas [(ArO)nTi(OiPr)(4-n)] and [(RO)nTi(OiPr)(4-n)] were isolated and characterized. The influence of the ligand’s structure upon the nature and geometry of these complexes is discussed. Activated by 3 equivalents of AlEt3, all complexes were active towards the selective dimerization of ethylene to but-1-ene. Through an HTS methodology applied to the library of functionalized alkoxido titanium complexes, the particular behaviour of the alkoxido-phosphorus ligands family was highlighted. The optimized system has an activity that is 9 times greater than [Ti(OiPr)4] for the selective dimerization reaction of ethylene to but-1-ene. The establishment of Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) was tried based upon these ligands structures
Crocombette, Jean-Paul. "Approche locale de la structure électronique des oxydes de métaux de transition : étude théorique des seuils L2,3 du cation". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0045.
Testo completoNaji, Mohamed. "Etude de la relaxation structurale dans un verre silicaté : approche multi-échelles". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022922.
Testo completoKhalloufi, Seddik. "La température de transition vitreuse, une nouvelle approche pour prédire et optimiser la qualité des produits lyophilisés". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ66319.pdf.
Testo completoCostes, Antony. "Une nouvelle approche du cyclisme : la transition assis-danseuse comme prétexte à l'étude de l'optimisation du mouvement". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30402.
Testo completoThe aim of this work has been to deepen the knowledge about the choices spontaneously made by humans in order to realize simple locomotor tasks, with a focus on the pedaling movement. The analysis of the spontaneous transition from the seated to the standing position in cycling was the main topic of this thesis. Little studied in comparison to the walk-run transition, this transition is of interest given the possibilities to constrain the pedaling movement, and because of its abrupt nature making easier the identification of the criteria optimized in the movement. The combination of full-body kinematics, electromyography, inverse dynamics, and the measure of the efforts applied on each of the cyclist's supports on a fully instrumented cycling-ergometer offered a new perspective on the pedaling movement. These methods provide new leads to understand the spontaneous choices made in order to pedal under increasing power-output constraints
Coquil, Xavier. "Transition des systèmes de polyculture élevage laitiers vers l'autonomie. Une approche par le développement des mondes professionnels". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0005/document.
Testo completoAgricultural and environmental qualities of autonomous mixed-crop systems are now recognized by research and public policies: their lower consumption of inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, mechanization...), and their recycling of materials between crops and livestock allow these systems to remain productive while minimizing impacts on the environment. However, their public remains confidential: the path of the reduction or abandonment of inputs requires deep changes in ways of working for the farmer. Our research aims to formalize transition from mixed-crop systems mobilizing inputs to autonomy. We analyze how the farmer work and make his work evolve during the transition. We analyze work activity of (i) farmers in 9 mixed-crop dairy farms from the Sustainable Agriculture Network, and of (ii) experimenters of an experimental mixed-crop dairy farm in INRA ASTER-Mirecourt. We mobilize the concept of professional world as an analyzer of the work activity of the farmer and thus we access to a systemic formalization of activity considering the actions, knowledge and tools of the farmer but also the objects on which he acts, the professional standards to which he refers and his values. Thus, we formalize the development of professional worlds according to a non-teleological process, a no-linear and non-incremental development of farmers' experiences rooted in their history and culture. Creativity of farmers in the action has a place in the development of this experience. Instrumental genesis, that is to say, the movement of the action or of the professional standards of the farmer by the use of an artifact, are resources and stimulators of the development: 30 key artifacts (material tools, cognitive tools...) allow farmers to act on animals, crops, economics, employment, balance of matter, forages, equipment, observations, potential, productivity, socio-professional networks, work and sales during the transition to mixed-crop farming. This development is partly autonomous, ie linked to dynamics internal to professional world, and partly social, ie mobilizing professional standards and artifacts of professional networks of the farmer. Analysis of professional worlds of autonomous mixed-crop farmers reveals original management of crops, animals and even of crop/livestock interactions. This analysis also reveals various work organizations in farms and various wishes of farmers concerning the future. Thus, we describe the singularities of professional worlds in these autonomous systems and we formalize a range of pragmatic concepts, instruments and indicators of management used by autonomous farmers. In the field of ergonomics, this work provides an analytical perspective on the development of professional worlds. In the field of systemic agronomy, it suggests (i) taking into account action’s creativity in the representations of farmers’ action, (ii) a formalization of the acquisition of experience including situations of paradigm shift or the farmer and (iii) a formalization of specific resources of the transition to empower farmers’ development. From an operational point of view, this work suggests exploring ways (i) to extend the public of autonomous mixed-crop farming systems and (ii)!to companion farmers toward autonomous farming, specifying the role of the experimental station of INRA ASTER-Mirecourt.!
Berrier, Camille. "Approche psychosociale clinique de l'engagement dans de nouvelles pratiques professionnelles. L'exemple d'éleveurs en contexte de transition agroécologique en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEJ097.
Testo completoEnvironmental, climatic and societal issues, which raise issues about the sustainability of livestock farming systems (Dedieu, 2019), are calling on livestock farmers to commit to the agroecological transition. This, along with farmers' desire to change their working conditions, is profoundly altering practices and the profession, including the identity and meaning dimensions of the job (Servière et al., 2019).In this context of agroecological transition, which we apprehend as a psychosocial transition (Baubion-Broye, 1998), our thesis aims to understand breeders' commitment to agroecological practices. We apprehend commitment not as a linear process, but as a multidimensional, subjective and developmental process. We have articulated the model of plural and active socialization (Almudever et al., 2013) and the Clinic of Activity (Clot, 1999), in order to make a clinical analysis of the professional activities of breeders, while taking into account the plurality of their spheres of life.This empirical research relied on a three-phase data collection process: two in situ clinical interviews on 13 farms (25 breeders) in the Occitanie region and a collective interview (with 9 breeders) grounded on the analysing of professional practice. Lexicometric analysis of the clinical interviews enabled us to identify the psychosocial dimensions at work in different commitment dynamics. The pragmatic analysis of the collective interview enabled us to observe the building of the commitment dynamics within a collective of peers.The results show that the complexity of the breeding activity calls for an analysis that takes into account the psychosocial dimensions of the activity's reality. In addition, we show that the dynamics of commitment are built at the crossroads of individual and collective intersignification processes enabling self-development and the development of the profession.A perspective of this thesis could be to explore more deeply the process of collective intersignification, in order to draw up recommendations for developing support for groups of different stakeholders concerned by the agroecological transition, then enabling them to build collectively and individually the meaning they wish to give to this transition
Brailly, Julien. "Coopérer pour résister : interactions marchandes et réseaux multiniveaux dans un salon d'échanges de programmes de télévision en Europe Centrale et Orientale". Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090066.
Testo completoToday television programs produced by a few American companies, the Majors, are among the most popular with viewers. This dissertation examines the process of cultural uniformisation that has driven this phenomenon by focusing on commercial interactions in the global distribution market for television programs. We observe both the actors who promote this uniformisation, the Majors, and the others, who try to resist it. To do this we look at how trade fairs in this sector work. Indeed, this industry is structured by a set of recurrent and annual trade fairs and festivals. The captation strategy of the Majors consists in offering only exclusive contracts and free-riding on the trade fairs themselves. During these events, they leave the official marketplace while remaining in the close vicinity in order to organize private screenings and attract the buyers with the deepest pockets. This behavior is tolerated because the participation, at least formal, ofthe Majors is vital for the organizers of the trade fairs due to the popularity of their production with buyers and the public. Based on ethnographic observations, organizational analyses and a multilevel network study (i.e. inter-individual networks of information exchange and of scheduled meetings, and inter-organizational networks of contracts between companies) in the main tradefair of Eastern Europe, we show that the weakest parties in the system can cooperate to resist the domination of the Majors. This cooperation is often based on local, triadic mechanisms that are multilevel, multimilieux and multiplex that we identify with their substructures, determinants and probability of occurrence
Rogeau, Antoine. "Vers une approche intégrée d’aide à la planification énergétique territoriale : application à la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM014.
Testo completoThe French residential and tertiary sectors account for about 45% of energy consumption and 20% of greenhouse gas emissions, constituting a large savings potential which is relatively easy to mobilise in comparison with other sectors such as transport or industry. This thesis develops a decision-aiding method for territories stakeholders willing to implement building energy retrofit measures. This method relies on a building stock modeling based on the enrichment of heterogeneous databases available to local decision-makers. An optimization problem of energy renovation measures activates levers at the building-level over the territory, turning dimensionality into a key issue this work. A meta-model of building heating energy consumption, adapted to this context, is constructed from a dynamic urban model. A dedicated characterisation of both thermal retrofit and energy systems is conducted, basing solutions on observations of the current French building context. Both modeling and optimization methods are finally applied to real territories, and used to conduct studies related to the energy transition context
Baudouin, Valentin. "Étude juridique sur les petites et moyennes sociétés commerciales en transition écologique : l'entreprise sobre en contribution à une nouvelle approche de la RSE". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA003.
Testo completoBusiness is an ambiguous idea of freedom, it is as much a vehicule of progress as a risk. The current ecological crisis is leading enterprises to take into account the effects of economic activity on society and environment. Pressured by new social standards, enterprises are led to change their conduct, especially through a societal and environmental responsibility approach. Then, it is the commercial company – the legal entity of the enterprise, not defined by french law – that is questioned in its definition and its social function. This is reflected in the recent reform of the french commercial company contract to consider social and environmental issues. It’s mainly the adoption of voluntary commitments that contributes to a change in the commercial company through the elaboration by private law persons of soft-law, i.e. norms devoid of coercion. As a post-modern law phenomenom, voluntary commitments lead the company to raise its standard behaviour to a higher degree of responsibility than de lege lata law, may succeed to the engagement of its legal liability. Also, the development of the social and solidarity economy’s corporate forms and the emergence of enterprises inspired by foreign models are a first breach in the classical commercial company approach. Noting the inadequacy of CSR and the corporate forms of responsible commercial companies to really take into account environmental issues, it is proposed to conceptualize a « sober enterprise ». A reflection on sobriety, an emerging legal concept, is carried out on the basis of the terminology already present in the legislation. The juridical definition of sobriety and more precisely, what constitutes sober behaviour, must make it possible to provide support for the integration of the environment into the enterprise. Or for the judge, to characterize the legal standard of sober behaviour. Instruments for characterizing sober behaviour are considered through a review of the elements of the commercial company contract (associate, contribution, profit, social purpose and social interest). These developments are raised in a dynamic of change of the the commercial company and should highlight the need to define the enterprise : both on its social function and to reach to satisfy common interests
Marchivie, Mathieu. "Approche structurale du phénomène de transition de spin par diffraction des rayons X sous contraintes (T, P, hv)". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008265.
Testo completoBui, Sibylle. "Pour une approche territoriale des transitions écologiques. Analyse de la transition vers l’agroécologie dans la Biovallée (1970-2015)". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0078/document.
Testo completoAgriculture’s transition towards agrocology requires a radical transformation of production practices based on ecological principles, but it also requires radical changes within transformation, distribution and consumption practices and within advisory systems, public policies and research. In other words, it requires a profound reconfiguration of the whole agrifood system. In the Drome Valley (France), the high proportion of actors who consider organic agriculture as central in their development strategy and their involvement within the “Biovallée” project, suggest that an agroecological transition is in process and that the territorial scale might facilitate it. This thesis analyses the agricultural dynamics at the scale of this territory since the 1970s, in order to understand the transition mechanisms and to conceptualize them. Based on a framework inspired from the sustainable transition theories and on an ethnographic and pragmatic approach, it shows that a reconfiguration of the whole local agrifood system is indeed in process, and that it results from the interactions between a dominant sociotechnical configuration and two alternative ones which local actors have set up over time around two alternative paradigms. We analyze how actors succeed in changing the balance of power within the local agri-food system and how the territorial scale offers them some levers which do not exist on a larger scale. In this case, certain traditional actors and a diversity of initiatives allowed actors to progressively set up new forms of coordination, that is social or organizational innovations (rather than technological ones). Therefore the main issue shifts from thinking transitions based on the development of atechnological innovation, towards creating conditions in order to favour the coexistence of a diversity of initiatives that develop social innovations and to favour their interactions with the dominant system
Coulomb, Fabrice. "La pratique du football dans la banlieue de marseille et de paris : approche anthropologique de la transition sociale". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22001.
Testo completoGomez, François. "Les gouvernements de José María Aznar (1996-2004) : entre transition(s) et nouvelle approche du politique en Espagne". Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2010.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes the analysis of the identity reconstruction process of Spanish right-wing following the 10th Congress of Partido Popular in April of 1990, during which José María Aznar was designated by Manuel Fraga Iribarne as the new president of this party. This change is accompanied with a new ideological orientation of this political force, that chooses the centrist option and moderation as guidelines, with the potential corrollary of its desideologization.The first part of this work analyzes the origins of this New Spanish Right and different steps necessary to its reconstruction, combining an identity reconstruction and a distancing from its pro-Franco past. These steps became necessary to the emergence of a new center-right political culture, and the Partido Popular came out victorious from the general elections of 1996. The coherence between this new identity and the applied policy between 1996 and 2000, based on the consensus and application of a neoliberal policy, is studied in the second part of this thesis. The social peace obtained during the first mandate of José María Aznar, associated with the difficulties of regeneration of the Partido Socialista Obrero Español, permitted the Partido Popular to obtain a vote of adhesion during the same elections. The third part of this work reveals the renouncements operated by the New Spanish Right during the second mandate of José María Aznar between 2000 and 2004, marked by his wish to give another role to his country on the world geopolitical chessboard, implicating the end of a consenting policy and the questioning of the democratic ideal defended since 1990. José María Aznar’s decision not to stand for re-election for a third mandate, the control of his successor, and the set up of a project brought to last after 2004, the « aznarism », are equally at the heart of our study
Wallot, Louis Philippe. "Approche numérique bidimensionnelle de la convection naturelle dans une enceinte fermée : transition vers le chaos par quasi-périodicité". Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0698.
Testo completoThe author numerically explores the road towards chaos by two-dimensional non stationary natural convection developing in a closed enclosure containing of the air, of square cross-section. The cavity is tilted of an angle of 15° have regard to the plane horizontal and heated by two opposite sides. This study showed that the system forwards towards chaos via three supercritical bifurcation of Hopf. By increase in the number of Rayleigh, the point limit attractor is destabilized and yields the place to an attractor cycle limit which, in its turn, loses its linear stability with the profit of an attractor torus T2. A phenomenon of fixing of frequency, rather fugacious, brings back this torus to an attractor cycle limit. This cycle is destabilized, again, thus giving rise to an attractor torus T2. It occurs a second phenomenon of fixing of frequency to the insue of which the dynamic evolution of the system becomes chaotic
Rusin, Philippe. "La privatisation de l'économie par création d'entreprises : une nouvelle approche de la transition : le cas de la Pologne". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010024.
Testo completoPapoular, David. "Manipulation des interactions dans les gaz quantiques : approche théorique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624682.
Testo completoSekkat, Anas. "Comportement micromécanique de systèmes vitreux de nature différente autour de la température de transition vitreuse : approche expérimentale et modélisation". Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0092.
Testo completoA real understanding of the rheological properties of vitreous systems and their evolution with temperature requires, as much as possible, a very precise knowledge of their structure. With this purpose, an experimental study has been carried out on a set of vitreous systems through their glass transition temperature in order to better understand the effect of the structure (kind and directivity of bonds) An original spectrometric method have led to experiments in the frequency range from 10-5 to 5Hz and in the temperature domain from 100K to 1500K. Concurrently, a physical analysis is also original and is based on new concepts developed in our laboratory. These concepts enable the description of the viscoelastic behaviour in a large domain of time and temperature, with experimentally accessible parameters, which physical meaning is clearly defined. Thus, above the glass transition Tg, in the liquid state, the characteristic time defining the molecular mobility either can be very dependent on the temperature or can vary slowly with temperature. The type of behaviour depends the content of glass modifiers or on chemical nature of bonds, i. E. The nature of forces assuming the cohesion of the glass former
Gaston, Amelia. "Etude et compréhension du déterminisme génétique et moléculaire de la remontée florale chez le fraisier". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14206/document.
Testo completoThe floral transition is a key event in plant life. In strawberry, understanding the genetic mechanisms of floral transition is a major issue for better control of fruit production. This transition is studied through the continuous flowering, which is the ability to flower throughout the growing season. Both, the octoploid cultivated strawberry, F. x ananassa, as the woody diploid strawberry, F. vesca, displayed continuous flowering genotypes. The objective of this work is to decipher the genetic and molecular mechanism of the continuous flowering in Fragaria.This work has shown that in diploid and octoploid strawberry the continuous flowering is controlled by two different genetic 'keys' located at non-orthologous position. In diploid strawberry, the gene FvKSN responsible of continuous flowering was identified and encodes a homologous to the TFL1 floral repressor. In the continuous flowering genotypes, this gene has a deletion in the coding region leading to a nonfunctional protein unable to repress flowering. In the octoploid strawberry, the major QTL controlling both the recurrent flowering and the runner production was identified. These traits were antagonist, which suggests competition between vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction in this region. This genomic region contains several interesting candidate genes whose FT, an activator of flowering.A hypothesis could be proposed. In strawberry, the switch between vegetative and reproductive phase is linked to balance between two genes, FvKSN, homologous to TFL1 and FvFT homologous to FT. Continuous flowering would be the consequence of balance modification between this two genes to the benefit of floral development
Bénard, Sébastien. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation d'hétérocycles azotés catalysées par les métaux de transition. Approche vers la synthèse totale de la (-)-norsuavéoline". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912326.
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