Tesi sul tema "Apprentissage formel et informel"
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Maldonado, Lana. "L'engagement narratif dans les jeux vidéo comme engagement d'apprentissage du joueur/apprenant dans des contextes formels et informels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2022.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis, entitled "Narrative engagement in video games as a learning engagement for the player/learner in formal and informal contexts," is an interdisciplinary work closely linked to other fields such as game studies, ludology, narratology, and sociology. State of the art concerning video games presents a list of research that is interested in the study of learning (formal or informal) of different disciplines and knowledge through video games, as well as studies that focus on the narrative specificities of these games. On the other hand, our interest is in the impact of narrative engagement on learning engagement in formal and informal contexts based on entertainment and serious games.The results of this work thus aim to contribute to reflection on the role of this engagement for the involvement of players/learners in their learning journey. We sought to propose some experimental paths at the end of the research. To understand this possible relationship, this work seeks to investigate the specificities linked to three main elements of this dynamic: the player/learner, the learning context (formal or informal), and the type of video game (serious game and entertainment games). The results come from data analysis collected in a case study carried out with students at the University of Côte d'Azur over 16 months.The thesis is structured into three main parts. The first part brings together theoretical elements linked to the three main pillars of our work (player, context, and video game). From the gathering and crossing of concepts from different fields of knowledge, we seek to understand how video games and learning have been linked throughout history (intentionally or not) and how the mechanisms of narrative engagement and learning work from the use of serious games and entertainment video games for the player/learner. Guided by the reflections from the first part, the second part of this work presents the methodology, the different data collection tools used, and the processing of this data of various natures. Our objective was not to reduce the two types of engagement to a single analytical sphere, but rather to explore them in their various dimensions, which required the construction of a hybrid protocol that articulated data collection tools as diverse as standardized questionnaires, interviews, observation, and video capture. Finally, in the third part of the work, we present the results obtained and propose a multivariate analysis of those collected before, during, and after the video game sessions. At the end of the study, it was possible to observe a relationship between the two types of commitment for the research participants. However, this relationship is conditioned by respect for certain specificities linked to the players, the context, and the games: the player's learning style, the narrative potential of the game, and the interaction between the players
Coroamă, Laura Ioana. "Contribution à la réflexion sur les apprentissages formels et informels dans un environnement plurilingue et pluriculturel : le cas de l'anglais dans la région du Banat en Roumanie". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955905.
Testo completoFleurent, Catherine. "La phrase impérative en français formel et informel d'un point de vue syntaxique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25918.
Testo completoFrom a syntactic point of view, the imperative clause presents some salient characteristics. This study tries to reconstitute its structure to understand the mechanics at work. I propose a syntactic tree in which the subject projection is present hosting a phonetically null subject with grammatical and semantic properties. The left periphery of the imperative clause reveals no change. As for the verbal projections, they are morphologically meagre : lack of tense and impoverishment of the person. However, in some languages, the aspectual projection plays an important role. A characteristic of the imperative that many searchers had worked on is the clitic placement. The data shows that the pronominal object clitics take place after the imperative verb (enclitics) as opposed to the declarative clause in which the clitics take place before the verb (proclitics). Finally, the language register acts not only on the clitic placement, but also on their form.
Aslan, Gürdal. "Salaire minimum en Turquie : impact sur les inégalités, la pauvreté et l'emploi". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010058.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the question of minimum wage and its role in the Turkish society. This society is marked by a weak activity rate, an important informal sector, a massive rural exodus and the preponderance of large families with one income earner. In Turkey, minimum wage is a central issue because it is the only existing regulation in the matter of remuneration, given the reduced number of collective agreements for employees. In this country, the minimum wage is unique, national and obligatory for all sectors of the economy. It is a monthly requirement, enforced by a tripartite Commission. According to Turkish legislation, it is applied in a relatively forced way but equally throughout the country. Nevertheless it is different from the experience of most of the other countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. From an historical perspective, minimum wage is the object of an active policy. In some instances it has been considered as a mechanism to redistribute revenue. In other cases, it has been used to reduce inflation or even stimulate consumption. The Turkish minimum wage is relatively high and concerns a large part of formal sector's employees. Because unions are weak, minimum wage acts as a guarantee by compensating for the absence or the fragility of collective wage agreements. In spite of the numerous debates on minimum wage and its mode of implementation, our investigation of social actors shows that both employees and employers pay strong attention to this device. In this context, the thesis proposes to contribute the assessment of the impact of minimum wage in Turkey on wages, income, poverty and formal as well as informal employment. Using different statistical and econometrical techniques with micro-data from households and business enterprises, we show that increases in minimum wage result in decreases in inequalities for all sectors of economic activity, inc1uding the distribution of wages by gender and age. Low earners seem particularly to benefit from a rising minimum wage. These mechanisms seem not to impact the inequalities between the formal and informal sector with the latter larger wage differentials. This overall positive effect on the inequalities in income raises the question of the impact of minimum wage on the earnings of families of workers and on general poverty. Our simulations show a weak effect of increasing minimum wage on income inequality and on poverty. This could account for the large number of workers in the informal sector, of the self-employed, of the unpaid family employees and also of unemployed. The diverse characteristics of the Turkish labour market limit the field in which the minimum wage can have a direct impact, given the weak activity rate and the higher rate of unemployment and informal sector. The actual organization of the Turkish society, particularly the labour market, does not allow the minimum wage to be an effective tool in the fight against inequalities of income and against poverty. Our results make us think that only changes in the labour market, that may increase the rate of activity and reduce informal employment, could allow the minimum wage in improving the life quality for a larger part of the population. However, our work shows that the minimum wage is not necessarily the driving force of the destruction of employment as the standard model considers it. ln Turkey, it is correlated to the development of informal nonagricultural employment
Bourassa, Julie. "La perception du rôle paternel en milieu d'extrême pauvreté : projet d'enfant et vie familiale, soutien social informel et formel, héritage transgénérationnel". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62053.pdf.
Testo completoYibokou, Kossi Seto. "Apprentissage informel de l'anglais en ligne : quelles conséquences sur la prononciation des étudiants français ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/Yibokou_Kossi_Seto_2019_ED520.pdf.
Testo completoThis work is part of the online informal learning of English and explores practices related to various sources of exposure of a sample of students from the University of Strasbourg. The data collected, based on a pronunciation test, a perception test and a survey, show inter- and intra-individual variability inherent to the complexity of the system in which participants evolve. With regards to Received Pronunciation and General American accents, acoustic analyses of pronunciation elements highlight oral productions composed of mixtures of characteristics of the two accents and those of the French language. The perturbation of speech production, implemented through fast speech variation, indicates a resistivity of the system for certain sounds/sequences of sounds. Results also show that television series are the most influential activities among those that promote vocal imitation and allow phonetic-phonological appropriation
Nock, Richard. "Apprentissage de formules logiques de taille limitée : aspects théoriques, méthodes et résultats". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20053.
Testo completoTellechea, Marion. "Étude du fonctionnement des comités d’audit et de l’audit interne : au-delà du contrôle formel ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0106_TELLECHEA.pdf.
Testo completoThe objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of audit committees and the internal audit. This research is based on three empirical studies that are independent in terms of theory and methodology, but which jointly aim to show how control is characterized in audit committees and internal audit departments. The first study aims to explore the way in which the audit committee exercises its control during meetings using a qualitative approach and by soliciting the theoretical field of the ethical work climate. In order to examine the type of ethical work climate perceived during audit committee meetings, four data collection methods are being implemented. The second study focuses on identifying the determinants of internal audit quality. Based on the aggregation of variables identified in the literature, three original indices are constructed: human capital, governance of the internal audit department, and internal auditors’ communication. The study consists of capturing the explanatory role of these three factors on the internal audit quality operationalized by the use of and compliance with the internal auditing standards of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA). The empirical work is carried out using a quantitative approach and the model presented in the study is based on an econometric approach. The empirical material is derived from data obtained from the IIA’s Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK 2015) database. The third study also examines the internal audit function but goes beyond the notion of the expected quality of audit standards by looking at the notion of innovation. Thus, the objective of the study is to identify sources of knowledge leading to innovation within internal audit departments. Also using the CBOK database, this work attempts to identify how internal audit teams innovate through their internal research capabilities and the different sources of internal and external knowledge they can absorb. The results of each of the studies show how the informal practices implemented within audit committees and internal audit departments, alongside regulatory requirements and professional standards, contribute to the effective functioning of these two governance mechanisms
Budowski, Max. "Apprentissage coopératif et formation des médecins : entre le “formel” et “l’informel”. Expérimentation de trois dispositifs pédagogiques utilisés en sciences médicales". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0015/document.
Testo completoThis thesis attempts to offer a model for the acquisition of knowledge and skills amongphysicians. The research undertook to explore the role of professional experiences, dailylife, exchanges between peers, and all other forms of so-called « informal » learning inenhancing the professional skills of medical students and physicians. The author laboredunder the following hypothesis: all learning involves both formal and informal aspects,and the informal aspects can be found in cooperative, experiential and reflexive typepedagogical constructs. Finally, « informal » and « non-formal » learning opportunitiescertainly play a role in the acquisition of knowledge and skills among health care professionals.Three teaching mechanisms frequently used during the 3rd cycle of initial medical trainingas well as in medical continuing education programs were made available to medicalstudents and physicians working in ambulatory setting. These tools, which encourageparticipants to marshal their own experiences, to reflect thoughtfully and to cooperatewith each other, can improve the skills of medical students and physicians.Each of the three teaching mechanisms studied herein, factoring in individual backgroundsand proficiencies, contain both formal and informal knowledge and skills which,as a whole, contributed to the transformation of the participants. However, it is importantto note that the distinction between formal and informal learning is primarily theoretical,and may simply depend on context or location. Therefore, rather than opposethem, it may be more appropriate to consider that these types of learning lie on a continuum
Chaouche, Ahmed Chawki. "Une approche multi-agent pour la conception de systèmes d'intelligence ambiante : un modèle formel intégrant planification et apprentissage". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066084/document.
Testo completoThis work presents a concrete software architecture dedicated to ambient intelligence (AmI) features and requirements. The proposed behavioral model, called Higher-order Agent (HoA) captures the evolution of the mental representation of the agent and the one of its plan simultaneously. Plan expressions are written and composed using a formal algebraic language, namely AgLOTOS, so that plans are built automatically and on the fly, as a system of concurrent processes. Due to the compositional structure of AgLOTOS expressions, the updates of sub-plans are realized automatically accordingly to the revising of intentions, hence maintaining the consistency of the agent. Based on a specific semantics, a guidance service is also proposed to assist the agent in its execution. This guidance allows to improve the satisfaction of the agent's intentions with respect to the possible concurrent plans and the current context of the agent. Adopting the idea that "location" and "time" are key stones information in the activity of the agent, we show how to enforce guidance by ordering the different possible plans. As a major contribution, we demonstrate two original utility functions that are designed from the past-experiences of the action executions, and that can be combined accordingly to the current balance policy of the agent. A use case scenario is developed to show how the agent can act, even if it suffers from unexpected changes of contexts, it does not have many experiences and whose past experiences reveals some failure cases
Chaouche, Ahmed Chawki. "Une approche multi-agent pour la conception de systèmes d'intelligence ambiante : un modèle formel intégrant planification et apprentissage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066084.
Testo completoThis work presents a concrete software architecture dedicated to ambient intelligence (AmI) features and requirements. The proposed behavioral model, called Higher-order Agent (HoA) captures the evolution of the mental representation of the agent and the one of its plan simultaneously. Plan expressions are written and composed using a formal algebraic language, namely AgLOTOS, so that plans are built automatically and on the fly, as a system of concurrent processes. Due to the compositional structure of AgLOTOS expressions, the updates of sub-plans are realized automatically accordingly to the revising of intentions, hence maintaining the consistency of the agent. Based on a specific semantics, a guidance service is also proposed to assist the agent in its execution. This guidance allows to improve the satisfaction of the agent's intentions with respect to the possible concurrent plans and the current context of the agent. Adopting the idea that "location" and "time" are key stones information in the activity of the agent, we show how to enforce guidance by ordering the different possible plans. As a major contribution, we demonstrate two original utility functions that are designed from the past-experiences of the action executions, and that can be combined accordingly to the current balance policy of the agent. A use case scenario is developed to show how the agent can act, even if it suffers from unexpected changes of contexts, it does not have many experiences and whose past experiences reveals some failure cases
Barrantes, Karina. "Communautés de pratique, apprentissage informel et réseaux sociaux en entreprise : quels enjeux de partage ? : étude de cas comparative d'une population d'actuaires chez AXA France et AXA Mexique". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H033.
Testo completoIn the knowledge economy, the economic framework is, however, different from the agricultural and industrial economies, because the value is not produced exclusively by land or tangible objects, but also by the production of forms and the capitalization of knowledge. This research is supported by CIFRE scholarship between AXA Research Founds and Paris Descartes University. We chose to study two fields: AXA France and AXA Seguros México in order to try to define the possible cultural differences and the possible opportunities for sharing resources between both companies that belong to the same multinational group. In both contexts, we used mainly semi-structured interviews and participant observation. In this thesis, we will discuss three aspects: knowledge management within the company, training and circulation of knowledge, and challenges of communities of practice and social networks in new organizational contexts, mainly in the population of actuaries
Laurence, Grégoire. "Normalisation et Apprentissage de Transductions d'Arbres en Mots". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053084.
Testo completoAl, Mouhamad Assala. "Apprentissage non formel en Français Langue étrangère (FLE) : étude de cas d'autodidaxie médiée par les technologies numériques de l'information et de la communication (TNIC) en Syrie". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30099.
Testo completoThis research focuses on self-study activities supported by the Digital Information and Communication Technology (DICT). By considering the field of socio-cognitivism, we are interested in the case of Syrian assistant’s fellows wishing to learn French to continue their higher education in France. In order to identify the activities and the uses of the tools of French Foreign Language (FFL) from the Digital Information and Communication Technology (DICT) in the learning process, we will apply, using the study of actions , the practices and the discourses produced by the actors involved (learners and teachers) as well as the interfaces of the products concerned to understand how the use of such methodology facilitates self-learning of foreign languages and in particularly that of the ELF. This study aims to see how, through the human-computer interaction, is show the actual uses of the digital artifacts. To better understand how they apprehend the consulted digital artifacts and construct their individual trajectories, we describe, using the screenwriting, how the involved autodidacts manage their learning environment. We observe and analyze, with the tools of ethnography of communication (observation and interviews), the uses of artifacts available online or not, the practices and activities produced by the different actors involved. This approach allows us to realize a complex corpus including written responses to the pre-survey questionnaire, audio-video records of real situations of self-education and audio interviews. These data allowed us to determine the working environment of construction conditions and the factors which influencing self-study trajectories. By entering into a socio-cognitive approach to self-education and focused on the scenario, we proposesolutions to improve the design and the implementation of a digital environment which promotes selfeducation in the Syrian context of teaching / learning of FFL
Marchand, Anne Lise. "Usage des récits expérientiels et des savoirs épisodiques dans l'apprentissage de la gestion des risques". Phd thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453455.
Testo completo- un intérêt pédagogique puisque ces récits permettent le transfert et la construction de nouvelles ressources pour l'activité grâce la confrontation des expériences. Ces ressources sont des savoirs épisodiques et peuvent être utilisés pour analyser la situation, construire une réponse, ou développer des compétences réflexives. Les récits expérientiels sont une ressource pédagogique fiable (59% des savoirs exprimés lors du récit expérientiel initial sont restitués, et 26% des savoirs exprimés par l'élève sont émergents) et couramment utilisée (plus d'une situation de formation observée sur 3 contient un récit expérientiel)
- un intérêt opérationnel pour la gestion des situations à risques. Lors de résolution de problèmes, des épisodes (parmi lesquels les récits expérientiels) issus de la mémoire épisodique de l'individu sont évoqués et participent positivement à la gestion de la situation. Ce type d'évocation est très courant (2 situations sur 3) et considéré comme particulièrement utile. On constate également que plus un épisode est proche de l'individu (un épisode vécu étant plus proche qu'un récit expérientiel partagé au sein du collectif, lui même plus proche qu'un cas d'école proposé par l'organisation), plus il supporte de savoirs épisodiques utiles dans la situation à gérer. L'intérêt de cette thèse est d'identifier le partage de récit expérientiel comme une pratique informelle déjà en place, peu coûteuse, utile à la formation et à la gestion des risques. Le partage de récit expérientiel mérite donc à la fois d'être considéré scientifiquement comme un outil à part entière dans la construction des ressources face aux situations critiques, et d'être développé au sein des organisations.
Nezet, Michael. "Les communautés de pratique en entreprise sous l'angle de leur animation : analyse et enjeux". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML002/document.
Testo completoThis research focuses on communities of practice (CoP) in companies. Referring to Wenger and situated learning, it was to examine the role(s) of the facilitators in terms of member's learning. From a corpus of 31 interviews of people from 21 companies, as well as various secondary materials, I analyzed the terminology used by companies and facilitators and modes of structuring CoP. While learning issues appear less central than assumed, an institutionalization and formalization of communities and facilitators are apparent. A majority of CoP are implemented and supported intentionally, process is formalized, they became a form of management, especially knowledge management. New roles related to the implementation and the facilitation emerge. This process is accompanied by a process of professionalization and provides a market for businesses. In this context, the role of those leaders sometimes remains ambiguous. While CoP presented as a theory, a descriptor of learning processes at work in social groups, these were transformed in the last ten years in a managerial practice, a tool that companies integrate gradually in their operation. In an economy of competition, increasingly knowledge-based, they are traversed by management issues they are supposed to meet, as a remedy for some organizational ills
Gaudry, Muller Anne. "Des apprentissages infirmiers informels à l’organisation apprenante : étude des perceptions d’apprentissage et de soutien organisationnel dans deux établissements de santé". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100133.
Testo completoIn regard of transformations, especially concerning hospitals and the constant evolution of required knowledge in daily practice, the professionalization of nurses is a challenge and a necessity. This research develops a comprehensive approach to the phenomenon of informal learnings of nurses. The purpose of this research focuses on both the learning perception of professionals in their daily work and their perception of organizational support for learning in their health facility. The subject is dealt with by articulating the micro-sociological level of the nurse as a learner and the macro sociological level of the organization.In the qualitative research, informal learning practices are highlighted. This informal learning, second to the daily activities, neither organized nor structured, have a non-intentional character most of the time (Cedefop, 2009). The corpus of informal learning is based on empirical data collected during an exploratory search using a logbook with thirty professionals in two different fields, a private clinic and a hospital. Analysis of the results of the first phase led to the development of categories of contents, opportunities, resources, leading to learning perception. A questionnaire validates these results on a large scale in the two establishments and questions the perception of organizational learning support. Both qualitative and quantitative research show that learning perceptions and organizational learning support of nurses depend both on the specific characteristics of the professionals and those of the working environment. The hospital could then be considered as made of learning islets
Bollinger, Sophie. "Conjuguer contrôle de gestion et créativité, une question de pratiques et de contextes organisationnels". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB009.
Testo completoInnovation processes are uncertain: they can be source of tension, as they gather a significant part of a company's risk. Literature does not reach consensus, recommending how to manage innovation via controlling tools. For some authors, it is mandatory to use tools to manage the innovation process whereas others claim: controlling tools are an innovation killer. In this work, we study the interdependencies between management control and creativity and the question of the roles of the organizational context. If controlling tools are not totally suitable, they are widely used and praised by companies to manage their innovation processes. These processes can be compared to an iceberg where controlling tools depict the emerging part. We conducted a quantitative and a qualitative studies in innovative companies and in the social and solidarity economy. The comparison of these two contexts leads us to highlight the essential role of the organization which can generate creativity, the acceptance of an imbalance between the elements in tension which can be a source of questioning and a support to the innovation as well as the role of local managers as mediator between the organization and the field actors
Talérien, Jean Stéphane. "Le développement professionnel des enseignants expérimentés par la transmission explicite de pratiques entre pairs". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0037/document.
Testo completoThe international scientific literature shows the reality of teachers' informal learning in the workplace, within schools. However, these learnings have several limitations and are of lower quality than those that are carried out in an organized environment. The purpose of this research is precisely the professional development of experienced teachers through a professional development program that considers their informal learning.This study is part of an anthropocultural research program (Bertone, 2011; Chaliès, 2012) whose main theoretical assumptions are borrowed from the philosophy of ordinary language (Wittgenstein, 2004). It was conducted within the framework of two innovative training devices allowing an experienced teacher (the peer trainer) to ostensibly teach one of his specific practices considered effective to an experienced peer teacher (the trained peer). The main research results show the modelling of the professional activity of peer trainers and thus contribute to documenting international research on informal learning by primary school teachers. They also show the learning of new professional practices from trained peers understood as the acquisition of new rule systems. Finally, the results show the professional development of the trained peers understood as the interpretation of the rules learned in new circumstances as well as the reflexive development of the professional activity of the trained peers
Bezzari, Samira. "Le rôle de la dimension interculturelle dans la formation des adultes en milieu professionnel : le cas des cadres impatriés et expatriés en France et au Maroc". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20051.
Testo completoAt a time when the need for Intercultural Communicative Skills is often asserted for international and international executives working in a multicultural professional environment, the triggers likely to develop them are not well known today. This thesis aims to understand how these skills are built in mobile executives in two countries: France and Morocco.The problem that guides research concerns the rôle of the intercultural dimension in adult éducation, focusing on defining the place of initial and continuing training in foreign languages and the rôle of formai and informai continuing éducation in intercultural communication. The study does not stop at the level of the language approach or at the level of what is involved in intercultural communication, but rather at the analysis of the learning processes (on the sides of the learners), (On the side of the intercultural trainers) and their organization (on the side of the trainers). The thesis aimed to anchor the framework of the training of professionals in an intercultural approach. Such an approach amounts to contrasting the culturalist models which favor the comparison between cultures and the conception of culture as a biological data in order to be part of an approach that favors the interrelation and dynamics between cultures. Without this intercultural approach, exploring the field of professional mobility on the basis of interculturality has little meaning.Based on an empirical study associating quantitative and qualitative paradigms, some salient results, highlighted by the thesis, show that behind the intercultural discourse are many contradictions in the teaching of languages and cultures and in Formai intercultural communication. The attempt to create an in-between for cultures is often reduced to a description of the culture of otherness with direct or indirect représentations largely "folklorized". This makes learning Intercultural Communicative Skills problematic especially in the absence of clearly defined engineering in intercultural adult éducation. In addition, informai intercultural learning would seem relevant, particularly when it is based on socialization and peer reciprocity. This learning would benefit from being institutionalized in the two territories of the survey
Ciobanu-Gout, Varvara. "Devenir entrepreneur : la place de l'histoire personnelle dans le processus d'apprentissage de l'entrepreneuriat". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20074.
Testo completoThe entrepreneur, who has been missing from the economic landscape for the majority of the twentieth century, is back. The profile of the contemporary entrepreneur is closely linked to the characteristics of the hypermodern individual : a mobile person demanding their freedom, and constructing their own network, with their own ambitions. The motivation behind the creation of a business is not only making profit; it can vary from the pursuit of personal fulfilment to the necessary creation of one’s own job. Mechanisms to support setting up new businesses have proliferated, and teaching entrepreneurship nowadays has become a priority.The goal of this research is to study the entrepreneurial learning process within a biographical approach, stressing informal learning. As the entrepreneurs do not form a homogenous social category, the sample was created from one activity domain : organic cosmetics. This research is based on the study of life-stories of six entrepreneurs specialising in this domain. This study shows three types of phenomena, shedding light on the entrepreneurial learning process: phenomena that are specific to the biological cosmetics domain, phenomena shared by all entrepreneurs but taking different shapes according to their personal story, and phenomena specific to each entrepreneur showing the biographical influence on the learning method. This thesis opens new perspectives on the possible uses of accounts of life as a method to assist in setting up new businesses
Fortun, Véronique. "Les enjeux du e-learning « communautique » en formation continue d’enseignants". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0018/document.
Testo completoThe research that forms the subject of this thesis interrogates the contribution made by so-called e-learning spaces in the continuous training of teachers. More specifically, the research investigates the effects of ‘situated’ digital spaces and environments, known as virtual communities, on ways of living, practising and enhancing one’s training as well as embarking on a new professional work situation. Particular attention is paid to the use of situated digital technology within “interstitial spaces” where formal and informal modes of learning interact with one another. The conceptual and theoretical framework, taken from the ethnological branch of the sociology of uses, focuses on the concepts of community of practice and community-based practices. That framework sees the uses of digital technology as constituting unique approaches and everyday inventions based on these spaces and depending on the various elements (or logics) that facilitate or hinder the use of them. Distinct sources of data are cross-referenced within the framework of a research monograph, leading onto a study of two online spaces (one made available by the training organisation and the other using electronic messaging), also carrying out comprehensive interviews and analysing the institutional context. The results suggest the emergence of interstitial spaces which build upon forms of electronic sociability. These spaces are located at a midway point between the practices of training institutions and every day personal or group-based practices. The contributions of this research are in its establishment of a conceptual and methodological framework, as well as in the achievement of a greater understanding of the role of informal learning and digital sociability within the contexts of digital technology use and continuous teacher training
Kusyk, Meryl. "Les dynamiques du développement de l'anglais au travers d'activités informelles en ligne : une étude exploratoire auprès d'étudiants français et allemands". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG037.
Testo completoPreliminary research regarding the online informal learning of English has shown that L2 development can result from participation in informal activities online. The goal of this dissertation is to examine the range of these online practices and to analyse university students’ long-term L2 development through their participation in such activities.953 French and German university students responded to a questionnaire containing approximately 60 questions regarding their online informal activities in English. Results from this survey show many similar practices between the two cohorts, a preference for comprehension over production and interaction activities, low rates of active (explicit) learning and content-associated rather than language-associated reasons for participating. Case studies were subsequently carried out. Oral and written data were collected over 10 months and analysed for complexity, accuracy and fluency measures as well as the use of language chunks. Results show that each language user interacts with the activities in his/her own unique style and that the different L2 measures evolve non-linearly and in relation to one another
Toure, Carine. "Capitalisation pérenne de connaissances industrielles : Vers des méthodes de conception incrémentales et itératives centrées sur l’activité". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI095/document.
Testo completoIn this research, we are interested in the question of sustainability of the use of knowledge management systems (KMS) in companies. KMS are those IT environments that are set up in companies to share and build common expertise through collaborators. Findings show that, despite the rigor employed by companies in the implementation of these KMS, the risk of knowledge management initiatives being unsuccessful, particularly related to the acceptance and continuous use of these environments by users remains prevalent. The persistence of this fact in companies has motivated our interest to contribute to this general research question. As contributions to this problem, we have 1) identified from the state of the art, four facets that are required to promote the perennial use of a platform managing knowledge; 2) proposed a theoretical model of mixed regulation that unifies tools for self-regulation and tools to support change, and allows the continuous implementation of the various factors that stimulate the sustainable use of CMS; 3) proposed a design methodology, adapted to this model and based on the Agile concepts, which incorporates a mixed evaluation methodology of satisfaction and effective use as well as CHI tools for the completion of different iterations of our methodology; 4) implemented the methodology in real context at the Société du Canal de Provence, which allowed us to test its feasibility and propose generic adjustments / recommendations to designers for its application in context. The tool resulting from our implementation was positively received by the users in terms of satisfaction and usages
Bencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l'ordinateur. Histoires du développement d'une relation positive". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858684.
Testo completoBencivenga, Rita. "Femmes et hommes face à l’ordinateur : histoires du développement d’une relation positive". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100212/document.
Testo completoWhen we talk about adults using computers, inequalities between women and men very often emerge, and particular emphasis is placed on the negative relationship which women supposedly have with computers. Studies on ways of reducing these inequalities have often been based on information collected by IT professionals or expert users. This leaves out the majority of normal users (both women and men). Therefore we have very little information on people who, although they are not experts or professionals, appreciate computers and use one regularly and confidently. This thesis is aimed at this particular group of people. The main objective was to gather information on how women and men who are regular but non-professional users can form positive relationships with ICT computers. Twenty-five narrative interviews were conducted with this aim in mind. Based on a comparison between the sexes, the study explores potential inequalities between women/men and examines the potential role of gender, that is, a “hierarchical system of norms for each sex”. The results show that positive relationships are based on the same aspects for both women and men. The influence of gender depends on power games and on recognising situations which defy the imagination, in which men are much closer to technology than women
Marchal, Bruno. "La médiation informationnelle au travers de plateformes de réseaux sociaux : l'application de Facebook lors de l'apprentissage du français langue étrangère en Thaïlande". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR116/document.
Testo completoThe subject of this research concerns the interactive and reticulated pattern platforms that now populate our daily lives, and which first appear to us in the form of technical objects, but whose uses build social representations. We studied Informational mediations developed there by focusing on French in the context of its Thai students at the University, since French is a language deemed difficult, unrelated and distant. A double quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted in part with the NVivo software allowed us to update the fact that, in certain aspects and in certain environments, a digital social network like Facebook could facilitate informal apprenticeship participating in an economy of knowledge. We have identified specific uses and practices that are not those of a distance education platform designed as such. Thus, a certain creativity would be exercised in the construction of scripted audio-visual documents on mediating and multiplatform technical operational systems where the autonomy of the user would be culturally and socially situated according to identities, group memberships, perceptions, habits and other factors that structure its relationship to the world and will condition its desire, its manner and its practical ability to appropriate elements of language learning
Koné, Salifou. "L’intégration des outils numériques nomades dans l'apprentissage des langues : le cas de lycéens-adolescents Maliens". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2129.
Testo completoThis study focuses on the use of digital technology for learning amongst adolescent high school students in the Malian socio-educational context. It seeks to understand how these learners use digital tools to carry out pedagogical activities inside and outside French as a second language classes and it questions the role of the tools in informal language learning within their school curriculum. An ethnographic study enabled us to observe a sample of adolescent high school students in four Bamako high schools, in the different social spaces in which they move on a daily basis: the high school and its different spaces, the family home and the “grin”. The “grin” is a word from Bambara (first national language in Mali), which describes both a group of friends of the same age and the different places where they meet one another. The study uses interviews, logbooks and the observation of situations in which digital tools are used, during which photographs were taken, to capture how each adolescent high school student puts together learning resources from the tools available in each context. The epistemological position comes from case thinking, which enabled us to reconstruct portraits of high school students from the situations in which they use digital tools. Each situation described is seen as being set in a particular social configuration where identities and interdependence relations are at stake. Thus we report how uses evolve according to place.The mobile phone was identified at the start of the study as being the main mediation tool for high school students’ digital practices in the Malian socio-economic context. The goal then was to consider how the mobile phone was imported into the classroom as a school phenomenon and thus to examine the school form of the pedagogical relationship, in light of the high school students’ uses identified during didactic interaction. Thus, interviews were conducted with French teachers during their lessons and with senior school authority members in order to determine how they appropriate this phenomenon, what significance they attribute to it and how it impacts on the power and knowledge relations, which are at the foundation of the school educational relationship. The interviews were analysed from the standpoint of Critical Discourse Analysis. The results reveal tensions which emerge around the pedagogical uses of the mobile phone between, on the one hand, the teacher and his/her students and, on the other hand, between the teacher and the school authority. In view of these tensions, pedagogical suggestions are offered so that teachers can re-appropriate mobile digital tools brought into the classroom by students
Beauchamp-Goyette, Francis. "Valider la formation universitaire autodidacte ? La reconnaissance des acquis formels et informels dans les universités québécoises". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19852.
Testo completoCoulibaly, Safiatou. "Protection des actifs : contrôle formel et contrôle informel dans une entreprise conjointe internationale du Botswana". Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4300/1/M12247.pdf.
Testo completoRichard, Gabrielle. "L'éducation "aux orientations sexuelles" : représentations de l'homosexualité dans les curricula formel et informel de l'école secondaire québécoise". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3556/1/M11558.pdf.
Testo completoThorn, Karine. "Perception de personnes atteintes de la maladie d'Alzheimer du soutien provenant de leur réseau social formel et informel dans les périodes précédant et suivant le diagnostic". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17949.
Testo completoSt-Amant, Kathleen. "Étude exploratoire sur le soutien formel et informel des mères recevant des services de centres de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et leur qualité de vie". Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2561/1/D1875.pdf.
Testo completoGueye, Ndiouga. "Exploration des liens formels entre les méthodes statistiques et neuronales en classification". Thèse, 2019. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9416/1/eprint9416.pdf.
Testo completoSelmi, Mouna. "Gestionnaire de vie privée : un cadre pour la protection de la vie privée dans les interactions entre apprenants". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13965.
Testo completoThe emergence of social tools and their integration in learning contexts has fostered interactions and collaboration among learners. The consideration of social interaction has several advantages for learners, mainly establishing new connections, sharing personal experiences and receiving assistance which may improve learning. However, the amount of personal information that learners disclose in these interactions, raise several privacy risks such as identity theft and cyberbullying which may lead to serious consequences. Despite the raised concerns, privacy as a human fundamental right is hardly recognized in today’s social context. Indeed, the conceptualization of privacy as a set of sensitive data to protect from external intrusions is no longer effective in the new social context where the risks come essentially from the self-disclosing behaviors of the learners themselves. With that in mind, the main challenge for social learning environments is to promote social interactions between learners while preserving their privacy. To the best of our knowledge, innovations in social learning environments have only focused on the integration of new social tools, without any consideration of privacy as a necessary factor to establish a favorable learning environment. In fact, integrating social interactions to maintain learners’ engagement and motivation is as necessary as preserving privacy in order to promote learning. Therefore, we propose, in this research, a privacy framework, that we called privacy manager, aiming to preserve the learners’ privacy during their interactions. Considering social interaction as a strategy to seek and request peers’ help in informal learning contexts, we analyze learners’ interaction as a cognitive activity involving contextual, social and emotional factors. Hence, our main goal is to consider all these factors in order to find a tradeoff between the advantages of interaction, mainly seeking peer feedback, and its disadvantages, particularly data disclosure and privacy risks. This was done on three levels: the first level is to help learners interact with appropriate peers, considering their learning competency and their trustworthiness. The second level of protection is to quantify potential disclosure risks and decide about data disclosure. The third level of protection is to analyze learners’ interactions in order to detect and discard any personal data disclosure using machine learning techniques and semantic analysis.