Tesi sul tema "Apprentissage du langage"
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Apprentissage du langage".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
Moal, Frédéric. "Langage de biais en apprentissage symbolique". Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE2051.
Testo completoPerez-Bettan, Annie. "Apprentissage et utilisation du langage préfabriqué chez des apprenants de français langue étrangère". Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080082/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on formulaic language in French as a Second Language (FSL) learners’ spontaneous spoken narratives. Formulaic language is made of multi-word units which are often perceived and used as simple lexical units. ESL studies have shown that even at advanced levels the command of formulaic language can be poor. The purpose of this thesis is twofold. First we intend to examine the evolution of formulaic language among FSL learners, and then the importance of formulaic language in learners’ fluency. Seventeen learners divided into three levels were asked over a period of six months to produce two oral narratives based on a cartoon and a silent film. Their narratives were recorded and transcribed as time 1 and time 2. The formulaic language which was found in the oral productions was identified according to linguistic and psycholinguistic criteria : phonological coherence, syntactic complexity, semantic opacity, frequence and systematicity of idiosyncratic errors and deviant items. The fluency was evaluated by means of four “classical” measurements : speech rate, length of run, rate of articulation, phonation time. Our analyses show that there are individual differences among subjects and that it is difficult to draw comprehensive conclusions. Yet, the results show a steady improvement in formulaic language among beginners, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Indeed, learners can rely on formulaic sequences to gain fluency and this in different manners. Formulaic sequences improve the speech run by making it longer and more complex. They can be used as strategies of compensation and planification of speech
Francopoulo, Gil. "Un analyseur de francais avec apprentissage inductif de la syntaxe". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066240.
Testo completoTrinquard, Olivia. "Apprentissage implicite, langage et attention : le cas des dépendances discontinues". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL016.
Testo completoNone of the researches (Cleeremans, 1994 ; Christiansen & Chater, 1999 ; Gomez, 2002 ; Peña & al, 2002) studied objectively implicit learning of discontinuous dependencies (aXb). We defined their determinants through 5 experiments varying median X attributes (variability & size) and the level attention's intervention in an artificial language paradigm using a transfer test. The SOC model (Perruchet and Vinter, 2002) matched (1) a facilitation caused by an early development of dynamic attendings and by a high variability of the X element, (2) their joint action authorizing to go beyond the size's constraint (Santelman & Jusczik, 1998). Our results restrict the Chomskyan self-embedded sentence's innateness, self-embedded sentences appearing as the consequence of an early implicit learning of discontinuous dependencies
Abdel, Wahab Shaimaa. "Le multimédia en maternelle : tâches, activités et apprentissage du langage". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080018.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to study the impact of multimedia assisted learning on vocabulary development and comprehension among children of preschool, compared to traditional learning. It also aims to study the impact of different modes of interaction in computerized environments on language development and comprehension of the story among children of preschool.Learning the language is a major challenge for future academic success of students in kindergarten. This doctoral research aims to study the impact on the acquisition of certain skills on the language, and introduction of computerized environments in the final year of kindergarten (KG2, 5 to 6 year-olds). The study focuses particularly on the children acquisition of language skills in vocabulary and through the reception and comprehension of narratives. This work aims to take stock of existing research and analyses software (electronic stories) in French. It then uses special software (Un Prince à l’école) in the Paris region, and study the effectiveness in vocabulary development (pre/post test) and comprehension of the story (post-test) for these children. We studied (i) the impact of the interaction with the e-story vs. the story on paper, (ii) the impact of the interaction (individual vs. collaborative) with e-story on vocabulary development and comprehension of the story
Abdel, Wahab Shaimaa. "Le multimédia en maternelle : tâches, activités et apprentissage du langage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080018.
Testo completoThe purpose of this research is to study the impact of multimedia assisted learning on vocabulary development and comprehension among children of preschool, compared to traditional learning. It also aims to study the impact of different modes of interaction in computerized environments on language development and comprehension of the story among children of preschool.Learning the language is a major challenge for future academic success of students in kindergarten. This doctoral research aims to study the impact on the acquisition of certain skills on the language, and introduction of computerized environments in the final year of kindergarten (KG2, 5 to 6 year-olds). The study focuses particularly on the children acquisition of language skills in vocabulary and through the reception and comprehension of narratives. This work aims to take stock of existing research and analyses software (electronic stories) in French. It then uses special software (Un Prince à l’école) in the Paris region, and study the effectiveness in vocabulary development (pre/post test) and comprehension of the story (post-test) for these children. We studied (i) the impact of the interaction with the e-story vs. the story on paper, (ii) the impact of the interaction (individual vs. collaborative) with e-story on vocabulary development and comprehension of the story
Santiago, Massamuna Ndoma. "Apprentissage du français langue étrangère en contexte angolais : analyse d'erreurs". La Réunion, 2009. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/09_19_Santiago.pdf.
Testo completoThe aim of this study is to point out the specific dificulties of angolan learnes confronted with learning French as a Foreign language and to report the findings in a sociocognitive context. To reach this aim, we studied written works of 223 learners who are in angolan secondary school. To further supplement our study, we dedicated a part of our fact finding to questionnaires since it was, for us, a means of obtaining the opinions of both Angolan learners and teachers concerning the teaching of French as a Foreign Language, the conditions under which it was taught and about its reception. Since we did not wish to confine our findings to the questionnaires we analysed both the text book used in the secondary schools and also the teaching practices within the classroom. Finally, we presented new perspectives and concrete methological propositions applicable to teaching/learning French as a foreign language in Angola. Beyond this thesis, we wish that this research will be the basis of further studies, and that it will contrubute, throught the ability, even relative of the languages, to a better understanding between people themselves, or between the ones of countries, ethnic groups, nations. .
Fusty-Raynaud, Sylvie. "Apprentissage et dysfonctionnement du langage écrit et représentation motrice de la parole". Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/145514919#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Testo completoData about expert reader, reading learning and reading disabilities lead neither to a homogeneous definition of dyslexics nor a coherent methodology of remediation. This thesis aims to analyse reading learning difficulties in a new way. Rather than considering the good reader's behavior, we examine the constraints imposed and the resources required by alphabetic system. Rather than examine the dyslexic’s characteristics, we observe how the remediation is adapted to the subjects and influences them. The alphabetic system is based on grapheme / phoneme association. The phoneme is defined by articulatory more than acoustic features. Thus, reading is primarily based on speech-motor representation which actively connects visual and auditory representations. Learning disabilities remediation is based on oral realization, which is the active principle of each remediation program, as it enables readers to recognize speech gesture symbolised by graphemes. Thus it appears that the normal readers and not the dyslexics share a cognitive structure which corresponds to the alphabetic system mark, generating an audio-visuo-grapho-phonatory representation of speech
Dubois, Dunilac Nicolas. "Apprentissage et exploitation des caractéristiques distributionnelles du langage parlé chez l'enfant et l'adulte". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211225.
Testo completoDéguernel, Ken. "Apprentissage de structures musicales en contexte d'improvisation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0011/document.
Testo completoCurrent musical improvisation systems are able to generate unidimensional musical sequences by recombining their musical contents. However, considering several dimensions (melody, harmony...) and several temporal levels are difficult issues. In this thesis, we propose to combine probabilistic approaches with formal language theory in order to better assess the complexity of a musical discourse, both from a multidimensional and multi-level point of view in the context of improvisation where the amount of data is limited. First, we present a system able to follow the contextual logic of an improvisation modelled by a factor oracle whilst enriching its musical discourse with multidimensional knowledge represented by interpolated probabilistic models. Then, this work is extended to create another system using a belief propagation algorithm representing the interaction between several musicians, or between several dimensions, in order to generate multidimensional improvisations. Finally, we propose a system able to improvise on a temporal scenario with multi-level information modelled with a hierarchical grammar. We also propose a learning method for the automatic analysis of hierarchical temporal structures. Every system is evaluated by professional musicians and improvisers during listening sessions
Ez-Zaher, Ahmed. "Représentations métaphonologiques et apprentissage de la lecture en arabe". Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20028.
Testo completoThis study was designed to examine the relation between phonological awareness and learning to read arabic. The main hypothesis holds that, unlike other alphabetic languages, syllabic awareness may play important role in learning to read. Some phonological and orthographic characteristics of the arabic language do have an influence both on phonological awareness children, shows clearly that syllabic awareness is strongly related to learning to read in beginning years, both as prerequisite or as a consequence of this learning. Syllabic segmentation appears much useful to establish letter/sound correspondences in the vowelised script. In contrast, phonemic awareness is needed only later in a second stage when children have to process an unvowelised, deep orthography. It was concluded that in the first stage phonemic awareness is not necessary to acquire reading abilities in vowelised arabic orthography and thus teaching methods must rely on syllabic units to introduce children to literacy
François, Clément. "Apprentissage implicite des structures linguistiques et musicales : approche multi-méthodologique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20673/document.
Testo completoThe aims of the present thesis were two-folded. Firstly, we wanted to compare behavioral and electrophysiological measures related to the implicit learning of linguistic and musical structures contained within an artificial sung language. While behavioral measures suggest that only the linguistic structure was learned, electrophysiological data revealed similar N400 effects in both linguistic and musical dimensions, suggesting that participants did also learn the musical structure. The second goal was to evaluate to what extent musical expertise can affect speech segmentation. At this aim, we compared a group of adult musicians to a group of nonmusicians. While behavioral data showed that musicians had marginally better performance than non musicians in both dimensions, electrophysiological data revealed, via early (N1/P2) and late (N400) differences, a better speech segmentation in musicians than in non musicians. Moreover, event-related potentials and time-frequency analyzes during learning revealed a faster and more efficient learning process in musicians. However, the only way to unambiguously claim causality between expertise and the observed effects requires a longitudinal approach. At this aim, we conducted a study with 8 year-old children who followed either music or painting lessons over a period of 2 years. Behavioral and electrophysiological data revealed a larger benefit of musical compared to painting training, bringing evidences for the importance of music in childrens' education
Déguernel, Ken. "Apprentissage de structures musicales en contexte d'improvisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0011.
Testo completoCurrent musical improvisation systems are able to generate unidimensional musical sequences by recombining their musical contents. However, considering several dimensions (melody, harmony...) and several temporal levels are difficult issues. In this thesis, we propose to combine probabilistic approaches with formal language theory in order to better assess the complexity of a musical discourse, both from a multidimensional and multi-level point of view in the context of improvisation where the amount of data is limited. First, we present a system able to follow the contextual logic of an improvisation modelled by a factor oracle whilst enriching its musical discourse with multidimensional knowledge represented by interpolated probabilistic models. Then, this work is extended to create another system using a belief propagation algorithm representing the interaction between several musicians, or between several dimensions, in order to generate multidimensional improvisations. Finally, we propose a system able to improvise on a temporal scenario with multi-level information modelled with a hierarchical grammar. We also propose a learning method for the automatic analysis of hierarchical temporal structures. Every system is evaluated by professional musicians and improvisers during listening sessions
Ben, Hassena Anouar. "Apprentissage par analogie de structures d'arbres". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1E007.
Testo completoOrseau, Laurent. "Imitation algorithmique : Apprentissage Incrémental En-ligne de Séquences". Rennes, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAR0014.
Testo completoIn continual learning, an agent is continually interacting with its environment. At each time step, it receives inputs, uses a small amount of computations (online) and gives outputs. There is no real definition of a goal to learn, the agent must acquire more and more knowledge, incrementally, and re-use it in more complex tasks. In this framework, we are interested in learning complex sequences, involving recurrence, variables and conditions. But the agent cannot use a large number of trials and error, because of its interaction with the environment. How then can learning be possible from a small number of examples?Traditional methods that are able to solve such complex tasks do not fit in the continual learning framework, because difficulties become harder. To simplify the task, an imitation protocol is used, allowing the agent to learn by seeing a teacher doing, but this respects the continual learning constraints and keeps a high autonomy. Imitation is usually used in a robotic framework, so we extend it to learn more complex sequences~: this is Algorithmic Imitation. A learning system, CSAAL, is then developed and tested on experiments showing that it is indeed able to learn complex sequences within few examples. An extension of this system, H-CSAAL, allows to re-use hierarchically recurrent functions, increasing both the autonomy of the agent and its generalization capacities
Karnoouh, Martine. "Apprentissage de la langue et littérature enfantine (jusqu'à six ans)". Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA03A001.
Testo completoNocus, Isabelle. "Conscience métasyntaxique & apprentissage de la lecture". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO2024.
Testo completoThis study aimed to investigate how the syntax is involved in beginning reading acquisition. It contributes to an efficient calculation of sentence meaning which is responsible of the establishment of a relationship between written words recognition and comprehension of written sentences, when parsing is not available. Firstly, a longitudinal study was done with 47 children from beginning of kindergarten to beginning of second grade. This study show the link between metalinguistic skills and reading acquisition. Secondly, other experiments aimed to explain how syntactic awareness is involved in beginning reading. In comparison to expert reading, beginning reading is caracterised by a slower recognition of written words. This slowness is likely to hinder automatic syntactic parsing and thus comprehension. We assume that beginning readers, who exhibit slow lexical access and perturbated parsing, would explicitely use their syntactic knowledge in order to monitor sentence comprehension. In order to validate this hypothesis, expert readers and non expert readers were submitted a situation which simulated the caracteristic of beginning reading. In fact, the word recognition was hindered in order to perturbate the parsing process. The results suggests that when lexical access is not quickly processed, automatic parsing is replaced by an attentional processing of syntactic forms
Kabdebon, Claire. "Sequence encoding in preverbal infants : an electrophysiological perspective". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066614.
Testo completoTo this day, the infant brain is the only known learning system able to apprehend and master the complexity of the human language. Developmental psychologists have dedicated a lot of efforts to break down the mystery of language acquisition, revealing precocious and impressive abilities for processing and encoding speech sequences. The recent emergence of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques provides a new tool to explore language learning mechanisms from a different perspective. In the present thesis, we aimed at investigating the encoding mechanisms of the structural properties of a speech sequence from an electrophysiological perspective. In the first part of this thesis, we provided the developmental neuroimaging community with a methodological contribution. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we virtually localized the standardized sensor placement system for both electroencephalography (EEG) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) relative to the internal brain structures, and assessed their variability. We additionally provided an infant brain template with an anatomical atlas which will be valuable for studies in which individual anatomical information cannot be obtained. In the second part of this thesis, using high-density EEG, we demonstrated that 8 month-old infants could deploy powerful learning mechanisms for capturing the statistical dependencies between non-adjacent syllable units, in order to chunk a continuous speech stream. Interestingly, a hierarchy of neural processes tracked both the syllables and the chunked constituents of the sequence. Finally, in a third cognitive EEG study, we proposed an experimental design to assess infants’ ability to not only extract but also encode the structure of speech sequences into unified mental schemas. The results of this study established that 5 month-old infants could form robust mental representations for repetition-based sequences, allowing them to represent, categorize and operate on multiple structures. Inspection of various neural measurements revealed that several stages of the processing hierarchy were affected by the acquired mental representations. Overall, this thesis complements behavioral research on language acquisition with a window onto the early neural mechanisms allowing sequence encoding, revealing a hierarchy of increasingly complex computations in the encoding of linguistic structures
Dupont, Pierre. "Utilisation et apprentissage de modeles de langage pour la reconnaissance de la parole continue". Paris, ENST, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENST0011.
Testo completoDudau, Daniela. "Apprentissage de grammaires catégorielles pour simuler l'acquisition du langage naturel à l'aide d'informations sémantiques". Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-33.pdf.
Testo completoCette classe mérite d'être étudiée parce que ses membres permettent de générer l'ensemble des langages hors-contexte ou algébriques et parce que l'interface qu'elle permet avec une interprétation sémantique la rend apte à modéliser certaines particularités des langues naturelles. Mais les résultats d'apprenabilité connus ne concernent que des sous-classes triviales (classe des grammaires rigides) ou donnent lieu à des algorithmes rédhibitoires (classes des grammaires k-valuées avec k > 1). Nous définissons une nouvelle sous-classe de grammaires catégorielles classiques à la fois intéressante d'un point de vue de la théorie des langages (puisque ses représentants permettent de générer l'ensemble des langages de structures de toutes les grammaires catégorielles classiques) et d'un point de vue de l'apprentissage automatique (puisqu'elle est apprenable au sens de Gold à condition de fournir des données adaptées). Pour tester la validité et l'efficacité de notre proposition nous avons constitué un corpus de textes en français avec des annotations sémantiques. Les résultats des expérimentations sont prometteurs, spécialement en ce qui concerne l'influence de certains facteurs comme l'ordre des phrases (de la plus courte à la plus longue) et la redondance du vocabulaire, qui s'avère bénéfique, confirmant certaines hypothèses psycholinguistiques
Dupont, Pierre. "Utilisation et apprentissage de modèles de langage pour la reconnaissance de la parole continue /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35827695q.
Testo completoPaprocka, Piotrowska Urszula. "Le développement de la temporalité chez des apprenants polonophones débutant en français". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100033.
Testo completoLéon, Aurélia. "Apprentissage séquentiel budgétisé pour la classification extrême et la découverte de hiérarchie en apprentissage par renforcement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS226.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the notion of budget to study problems of complexity (it can be computational complexity, a complex task for an agent, or complexity due to a small amount of data). Indeed, the main goal of current techniques in machine learning is usually to obtain the best accuracy, without worrying about the cost of the task. The concept of budget makes it possible to take into account this parameter while maintaining good performances. We first focus on classification problems with a large number of classes: the complexity in those algorithms can be reduced thanks to the use of decision trees (here learned through budgeted reinforcement learning techniques) or the association of each class with a (binary) code. We then deal with reinforcement learning problems and the discovery of a hierarchy that breaks down a (complex) task into simpler tasks to facilitate learning and generalization. Here, this discovery is done by reducing the cognitive effort of the agent (considered in this work as equivalent to the use of an additional observation). Finally, we address problems of understanding and generating instructions in natural language, where data are available in small quantities: we test for this purpose the simultaneous use of an agent that understands and of an agent that generates the instructions
Zourou, Filio. "Caractérisation de profils d’enfants avec troubles spécifiques du langage et apprentissage de la lecture-écriture". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20052/document.
Testo completoSpecific Language Impairment (SLI) is a complex developmental condition characterized by significant heterogeneity (Leonard, 2009). The past three decades a great deal has been learned about children with SLI, yet numerous questions still need to be answered regarding its nature, its causes and its repercussions. The theoretical background of our studies is formed by the theory of a phonological deficit and the psycholinguistic approach, illustrating the reciprocal causality between phonological deficits and literacy acquisition. The present work tried to capture the heterogeneity of children with SLI. Using different methodological approaches, the aim of our studies was to investigate the linguistic and cognitive profiles of children with SLI, the learning potential during an implicit task and the specificity of working memory deficits in children with Nonspecific Language Impairments (NLI) and the bidirectional effects between literacy development and language impairments (SLI, NLI and resolved-SLI). The results showed marked deficits in phonological working memory (MdT) in the children with SLI independently of their specific linguistic profile and a developmental delay in learning potential and in Visuospatial WM in children with NLI. Lastly, we showed that the severity and the persistence of the language impairment, the nonverbal skills and the phonological WM skills are reflected in the literacy outcomes of children with language impairments, allowing their differentiation in this aspect. Our results contribute to a better understanding of SLI in French-speaking children
Sheikh, Shakeel Ahmad. "Apprentissage profond pour la détection du bégaiement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0005.
Testo completoStuttering is a speech disorder that is most frequently observed among speech impairments and results in the form of core behaviours. The tedious and time-consuming task of detecting and analyzing speech patterns of PWS, with the goal of rectifying them is often handled manually by speech therapists, and is biased towards their subjective beliefs. Moreover, the ASR systems also fail to recognize the stuttered speech, which makes it impractical for PWS to access virtual digital assistants such as Siri, Alexa, etc.This thesis tries to develop audio based SD systems that successfully capture different variabilities from stuttering utterances such as speaking styles, age, accents, etc., and learns robust stuttering representations with an aim to provide a fair, consistent, and unbiased assessment of stuttered speech.While most of the existing SD systems use multiple binary classifiers for each stutter type, we present a unified multi-class StutterNet capable of detecting multiple stutter types. Approaching the class-imbalance problem in stuttering domain, we investigated the impact of applying weighted loss function, and, also presented Multi-contextual (MC) Multi-branch (MB) StutterNet to improve the detection performance of minority classes.Exploiting the speaker information with an assumption that the stuttering models should be invariant to meta-data such as speaker information, we present, an adversarial MTL SD method that learns robust stutter discrimintaive speaker-invariant representations.Due to paucity of unlabeled data, the automated SD task is limited in its use of large deep models in capturing different varaibilities, we introduced the first-ever SSL framework to SD domain. The SSL framework first trains a feature extractor for a pre-text task using a large quantity of unlabeled non-stuttering audio data to capture these different varaibilities, and then applies the learned feature extractor to a downstream SD task using limited labeled stuttering audio data
Helwe, Chadi. "Evaluating and Improving the Reasoning Abilities of Language Models". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAT021.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on evaluating and improving the reasoning abilities of Smaller Language Models (SLMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs). It explores SLMs’ performance on complex tasks and their limitations with simpler ones. This thesis introduces LogiTorch, a Python library that facilitates the training of models on various reasoning tasks with minimal coding.It also presents TINA, a negated data augmentation technique that improves SLMs’ robustness to Negation in textual entailment tasks. Further, this thesis explores LLMs’ capabilities through MAFALDA, a new benchmark for identifying and classifying reasoning fallacies, proposing a new annotation scheme and evaluation metric that considers subjectivity in reasoning. The findings indicate that humans outperform SLMs and LLMs in this reasoning task. We propose several research directions that merit further investigation, such as investigating Neuro-symbolic AI and improving the reasoning abilities of low-resource LLMs
Cejudo, Napoles Mayra. "Le développement de la compétence de compréhension de lecture de textes juridiques : les stratègies des étudiants de la faculté de droit de l'université de La Havane". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN21020/document.
Testo completoNo summary in english
Actualmente asistimos a una evolución de los objetivos en la formación universitaria hacia el desarrollo de competencias profesionales, para responder a la compleja realidad del mundo del trabajo. Esto implica una transformación de los procesos de aprendizaje y de enseñanza de las lenguas extranjeras. En la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de La Habana, los textos de especialidad ocupan un lugar esencial en la formación profesional por lo que, entre las competencias que serán útiles a los estudiantes para sus futuras situaciones profesionales se encuentra la competencia que garantiza una correcta comprensión de dichos textos. Es en este contexto, que nos interesamos por el logro del desarrollo de dicha competencia de comprensión lectura de los textos de especialidad por parte de los estudiantes como competencia profesional. Para lograrlo deberán desarrollar las estrategias que facilitan la comprensión de lectura de los códigos, de las leyes, de las sentencias, etc. Con este objetivo proponemos la integración gradual de esta formación en estrategias, en los contenidos de los programas de la Disciplina de Idioma Extranjero Francés, lo cual constituye una novedad en el campo de la didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras. Otra dimensión innovadora de esta evolución es la consideración del estudiante como centro del proceso de aprendizaje teniendo en cuenta sus características propias de manera que se sienta responsable de dicho aprendizaje hasta llegar a convertirse en un lector autónomo. Por último, teniendo en cuenta la presencia de las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en el mundo del trabajo, consideramos la incorporación de las mismas en las clases como un medio de apoyo en este nuevo enfoque
Sarazin, Tugdual. "Apprentissage massivement distribué dans un environnement Big Data". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD050.
Testo completoIn recent years, the amount of data analysed by companies and research laboratories increased strongly, opening the era of BigData. However, these raw data are frequently non-categorized and uneasy to use. This thesis aims to improve and ease the pre-treatment and comprehension of these big amount of data by using unsupervised machine learning algorithms.The first part of this thesis is dedicated to a state-of-the-art of clustering and biclustering algorithms and to an introduction to big data technologies. The first part introduces the conception of clustering Self-Organizing Map algorithm [Kohonen,2001] in big data environment. Our algorithm (SOM-MR) provides the same advantages as the original algorithm, namely the creation of data visualisation map based on data clusters. Moreover, it uses the Spark platform that makes it able to treat a big amount of data in a short time. Thanks to the popularity of this platform, it easily fits in many data mining environments. This is what we demonstrated it in our project \Square Predict" carried out in partnership with Axa insurance. The aim of this project was to provide a real-time data analysing platform in order to estimate the severity of natural disasters or improve residential risks knowledge. Throughout this project, we proved the efficiency of our algorithm through its capacity to analyse and create visualisation out of a big volume of data coming from social networks and open data.The second part of this work is dedicated to a new bi-clustering algorithm. BiClustering consists in making a cluster of observations and variables at the same time. In this contribution we put forward a new approach of bi-clustering based on the self-organizing maps algorithm that can scale on big amounts of data (BiTM-MR). To reach this goal, this algorithm is also based on a the Spark platform. It brings out more information than the SOM-MR algorithm because besides producing observation groups, it also associates variables to these groups,thus creating bi-clusters of variables and observations
Mondavio, Anna. "Le francais et l'italien comme langues de specialite a l'ecole : desirs et besoins dans l'enseignement apprentissage a orientation technique et professionnelle". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030118.
Testo completoThe ambiguities in school teaching learning of french and italian for special purposes in technical and vocational education are analysed in a survey conducted in italy and in france. Some hypothesis are proposed to help solving the problems generated by these ambiguities. A reorganisation in school space and time and in the initial training of language teachers is suggested to allow thes to work without frustration in these branches
Poletti, Margot. "L'amorçage syntaxique de l’ordre des mots en Français : Études en monologue et en dialogue". Poitiers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011POIT5005.
Testo completoSyntactic Priming is defined as the tendency of people to reuse the form or the grammatical structure of a sentence that they were previously produced or perceived (Pickering & Ferreira, 2008). In a first section largely theoretical, syntactic priming is defined as the theoretical issues underlying it. The two major hypotheses developed for syntactic priming effects are then each details. First, the hypothesis of activation initiated by Pickering and Branigan (1998) is explained, and with it the notions of syntactic representation and the role of syntactic priming in production models. Second, the assumption of implicit learning introduced by Chang, Dell, Bock and Griffin (2000) is reported. This assumption allows the highlighting of the variation in the persistence of syntactic priming effects, and introduced the role of syntactic priming in the mechanisms of learning. Finally, these theoretical elements are synthesized in order to consider the different functions that can perform syntactic priming in language processing, its development and acquisition. The experimental reports 5 experiments based on two key hypothesis that can gather around two types of paradigm, implying for one a written phrase completions task, and the other a verbal interaction mediated by tchat. The first hypothesis considers the possibility that priming effects are localized on certain elements of the syntactic structure. The second hypothesis suggests the interrogative forms must cause syntactic priming effects in the context of an interaction. In general, all results were obtained under experimental conditions which imply clean effects of syntactic priming on French structures. Finally, the general discussion integrates the main results reported differently in the experimental part to combine with other theoretical contributions and provide opportunities experimental syntactic priming
Delbé, Charles. "Musique, psychoacoustique et apprentissage implicite : vers un modèle intégré de la cognition musicale". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL007.
Testo completoMusic is a unique domain to explore human cognition. A musical percept is double faced : in the Western tonal system, the mental representation of an event (such as a chord) is made of a rich acoustic image, as well as of a contextual function. As such, music is often considered as a language, because it rests on complex sequential structures, but it has a richer sensory component. The studies reported in this thesis question the specificity of music processing compared to others cognitive abilities, such as language perception. Auditory modeling methodologies combined with behavioral data allowed investigating the role of sensory features in the perception of the Western tonal syntax (Studies 1 and 2), as well as in the dynamical perception of musical rhetoric and emotion (Studies 3 and 4). Two behavioral studies concerned the learning of auditory statistical regularities (Study 6), and the effect of this type of knowledge on a melodic priming task (Study 5). Finally, the neuronal bases behind music cognition have been explored in the neuroscientific studies 7 and 8, which suggest a complex neuronal network engaged in emotional responses to music. Taken together, this work allows to better understand the respective effect of sensory and cultural features in music appreciation, as well as the neuronal architecture underlying it
Lin, Na. "Le discours publicitaire : structure, fonctions et usages dans l'apprentissage de la langue". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030064.
Testo completoThis doctoral research aims at clarifying the structure, the uses and the functions of advertising in foreign language acquisition. In order to grasp de tool of learning which advertising constitutes, we have begun with studying the three components of advertising : slogan, text and image. Working on a corpus made of fifteen ads allows us to better understand the strategy, the structure and the functions of advertising. Then, we try to explain the pedagogical applications of advertising, by showing its different uses in foreign language acquisition. Advertising can provide us with various cultural references, on a linguistic as well as on an iconic level. Apart from its linguistic aspects, the role of advertising in language learning is not to be neglected. To make a long story short, due to its attractive side, its humour, its use as a memorizing tool, its closeness with everyday language, advertising brings foreign language acquisition a different and at the same time complementary aspect to that involved in the use of literary texts
Torre, Fabien. "Intégration des biais de langage à l'algorithme générer-et-tester : contributions à l'apprentissage disjonctif". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11207A.
Testo completoSanchez, Monique. "Connaissances précoces sur la structure du mot et apprentissage de la lecture". Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/sanchez_m.
Testo completoReading acquisition is linked to the development of a wide range of linguistic skills. The first purpose of this research was to investigate the role of early phonological, derivational-morphological and orthographic knowledge in learning to read. A longitudinal study carried out from kindergarten to 2nd grade confirms the central role of "current" and "prior" phonological skills in 1st and 2nd graders' word recognition ability. Results from stepwise regression analyses provide evidence of an additional contribution of morphological and orthographic knowledge acquired through implicit learning, after accounting for variance due to children's chronological age, non-verbal intelligence, vocabulary level and phonological skills. At every level of reading (Grade 1 and Grade 2), the respective influence of each aspect of knowledge we have measured varies as a function of the category of items to read (words or pseudowords). These findings are consistent with interactive models of reading acquisition. The second aim of this research was to characterize the deficits of a sample of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) on these different aspects of knowledge about word structure. A comparative study with normally developing children matched for lexical age (6. 9 years) brings into light some specific difficulties on a phonological task ("common syllable detection task") and on several morphological tasks. The results are discussed with reference to the hypothesis of a reduced processing capacity and the issue of an atypical development of implicit vs explicit learning is raised
Lebedeva, Jekaterina. "La place de l'interculturel dans l'enseignement-apprentissage du français des affaires en Lettonie". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL616.
Testo completoTo understand and to comprehend Another, to take him as he is, keeping at the same time your sense of identity, to acknowledge the inevitable cultural mix and the idea of transformation through encountering Another – these are several main objectives of teaching/learning of a foreign language and culture. My research conducted within European context states the limitation of intercultural dialogue both in Latvia (where a vast Russian national minority commonly find itself in a very difficult situation) and beyond its borders. The Latvian environment does not demonstrate its openness to the variety of cultures, and its weak tolerance towards Another is one of the causes of its stereotypically negative perception by the students of France and rest of the world. Moreover, Business French systematically excludes any intercultural approach, considered by majority of teachers inappropriate for the commercial sphere. Therefore, the aim of the present research is two-fold: to prove in theory the importance of intercultural and transcultural approaches in teaching/learning of foreign languages and cultures irrespective of the sphere, and to prove that this theory can and must be applied in practice in order to prepare the future professional to face the “cultural shock” safely. Apparently, an educational establishment should lay the basis of European society being less focussed on conventions and traditions incompatible with the balanced construction of the Union
Ruvini, Jean-David. "Assistance à l'utilisation d'un environnement interactif : apprentissage des habitudes de l'utilisateur". Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20091.
Testo completoGaschi, Félix. "Understanding and Evaluating Unsupervised Cross-lingual Embeddings in the General and in the Clinical Domains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0347.
Testo completoLabeled and unlabeled data are more often available in English than in other languages. In the clinical domain, non-English data can be even more scarce. Multilingual word representations can have two properties that can help with this situation. The first one is multilingual alignment, where representations from different languages share the same latent space. More concretely, words that are translations of each other must have similar representations, which is useful for cross-lingual information retrieval. The second property is cross-lingual transfer learning: it allows a model to be trained on a supervised task in one language, and to provide good results for the same task in another language, without the need for any labeled data in that language. This thesis addresses some gaps in the literature regarding the understanding of multilingual embeddings. It namely studies the link between multilingual alignment and cross-lingual transfer, showing that models, like mBERT and XLM-R, that can perform cross-lingual transfer produce representations that have a stronger form of multilingual alignment than word embeddings that were explicitly trained for such alignment. It also finds a high correlation between cross-lingual transfer abilities and multilingual alignment suggesting that both multilingual properties are linked. This link allows to improve cross-lingual transfer for smaller models by simply improving alignment, which can allow them to match the performances of larger models but only for a low-level task like POS-tagging, due to the impact of fine-tuning itself on multilingual alignment. While mainly focusing on the general domain, this thesis eventually evaluates cross-lingual transfer in the clinical domain. It shows that translation-based methods can achieve similar performance to cross-lingual transfer but require more care in their design. While they can take advantage of monolingual clinical language models, those do not guarantee better results than large general-purpose multilingual models, whether with cross-lingual transfer or translation
Hay, Julien. "Apprentissage de la représentation du style écrit, application à la recommandation d’articles d’actualité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG010.
Testo completoUser modeling is an essential step when it comes to recommending products and offering services automatically. Social networks are a rich and abundant resource of user data (e.g. shared links, posted messages) that allow to model their interests and preferences. In this thesis, we propose to exploit news articles shared on social networks in order to enrich existing models with a new textual feature: the writing style. This thesis, at the intersection of the fields of natural language processing and recommender systems, focuses on the representation learning of writing style and its application to news recommendation. As a first step, we propose a new representation learning method that aims to project any document into a reference stylometric space. The hypothesis being tested is that such a space can be generalized by a sufficiently large set of reference authors, and that the vector projections of the writings of a "new" author will be stylistically close to the writings of a consistent subset of these reference authors. In a second step, we propose to exploit the stylometric representation for news recommendation by combining it with other representations (e.g. topical, lexical, semantic). We seek to identify the most relevant and complementary characteristics that can allow a more relevant and better quality recommendation of articles. The hypothesis that motivated this work is that the reading choices of individuals are not only influenced by the content (e.g. the theme of news articles, the entities mentioned), but also by the form (i.e. the style that can, for example, be descriptive, satirical, composed of personal anecdotes, interviews). The experiments conducted show that not only does writing style play a role in individuals' reading preferences, but also that, when combined with other textual features, it increases the accuracy and quality of recommendations in terms of diversity, novelty and serendipity
Walker, Emmanuelle Le Ray Anne. "Réflexions sur le développement des concepts chez les jeunes sourds profonds". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=19576.
Testo completoCaucheteux, Charlotte. "Language representations in deep learning algorithms and the brain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG031.
Testo completoRecent deep language models -- like GPT-3 and ChatGPT -- are capable to produce text that closely resembles that of humans. Such similarity raises questions about how the brain and deep models process language, the mechanisms they use, and the internal representations they construct. In this thesis, I compare the internal representations of the brain and deep language models, with the goal of identifying their similarities and differences. To this aim, I analyze functional resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of participants listening to and reading sentences, and compare them to the activations of thousands of language algorithms corresponding to these same sentences.Our results first highlight high-level similarities between the internal representations of the brain and deep language models. We find that deep nets' activations significantly predict brain activity across subjects for different cohorts (>500 participants), recording modalities (MEG and fMRI), stimulus types (isolated words, sentences, and natural stories), stimulus modalities (auditory and visual presentation), languages (Dutch, English and French), and deep language models. This alignment is maximal in brain regions repeatedly associated with language, for the best-performing algorithms and for participants who best understand the stories. Critically, we evidence a similar processing hierarchy between the two systems. The first layers of the algorithms align with low-level processing regions in the brain, such as auditory areas and the temporal lobe, while the deep layers align with regions associated with higher-level processing, such fronto-parietal areas.We then show how such similarities can be leveraged to build better predictive models of brain activity and better decompose several linguistic processes in the brain, such as syntax and semantics. Finally, we explore the differences between deep language models and the brain's activations. We find that the brain predicts distant and hierarchical representations, unlike current language models that are mostly trained to make short-term and word-level predictions. Overall, modern algorithms are still far from processing language in the same way that humans do. However, the direct links between their inner workings and that of the brain provide an promising platform for better understanding both systems, and pave the way for building better algorithms inspired by the human brain
Pulido, Loïc. "Les Conditions de la compréhension du langage figuré par l'enfant âgé de 5 à 6 ans : le cas des expressions idiomatiques". Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0022.
Testo completoTo defend that child learn about figurative in social contexts a form of indirect language , idioms (e. G "to kick the bucket") was selected. Children are supposed to understand these expressions only towards the 7 years of age. Younger children were observed in situations of interaction with various adults (teachers, parents) in a reading-a-tale-containing idioms context. These observations made it possible to identify educational practices (analysed by taking into account the cognitive activities which they request) that enhance the comprehension of idioms. Interviews with adults highlighted a possible relation between adult's beliefs about language and children and his educational practices. All the data obtained are discussed in terms : a) of socio-construction of the language comprehension illustrated by educational practices, b) of relations between adults'practices and their beliefs, c) of early competences of the child to understand figurative language
Mohamed, Ahmed. "Langue et culture d'origine : rôle et effets de leur apprentissage chez des jeunes d'origine maghrébine en France". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H014.
Testo completoOur present work underlines the part played and the effects on learning of natural language and cultural background of young people of north Africa living in France within the immigrant context which is specified by its acculturation. As a mattern of fact, the comparative analysis of 2 groups of young people (on one hand, young people that are learning Arab in school, and on the other hand, those which either are not following this teaching or have refused to do so), has shown that the acquisition of language and culture of their country in which they were born has a positive effect on both their behavior and the representation of these young boys and girls towards their original language and culture. The teaching of their original language turns out to the main backbone in structuring the sense of identity in those young people who have followed Arabic courses in school
Nguyen, Tu Anh. "Spoken Language Modeling from Raw Audio". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS089.
Testo completoSpeech has always been a dominant mode of social connection and communication. However, speech processing and modeling have been challenging due to its variability. Classic speech technologies rely on cascade modeling, i.e. transcribing speech to text with an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system, processing transcribed text using Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, and converting text back to speech with a Speech Synthesis model. This method eliminates speech variability but requires a lot of textual datasets, which are not always available for all languages. In addition, it removes all the expressivity contained in the speech itself.Recent advancements in self-supervised speech learning (SpeechSSL) have enabled the learning of good discrete speech representations from raw audio, bridging the gap between speech and text technologies. This allows to train language models on discrete representations (discrete units, or pseudo-text) obtained from the speech and has given rise to a new domain called TextlessNLP, where the task is to learn the language directly on audio signals, bypassing the need for ASR systems. The so-called Spoken Language Models (Speech Language Models, or SpeechLMs) have been shown to be working and offer new possibilities for speech processing compared to cascade systems.The objective of this thesis is thus to explore and improve this newly-formed domain. We are going to analyze why these discrete representations work, discover new applications of SpeechLMs to spoken dialogues, extend TextlessNLP to more expressive speech as well as improve the performance of SpeechLMs to reduce the gap between SpeechLMs and TextLMs
Assaad, Manal. "Le rôle culturel de la publicité dans l’enseignement/apprentissage du français langue étrangère". Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20016.
Testo completoOmnipresent in our daily environments, publicity is full of cultural references alluding to diverse aspects of the given society. As a means of communication, publicity offers a multidimensional support that is purposely in concordance with its time period. Regarding the institutional field of schools, it genders teaching/learning methods that allow pedagogical experiments and innovations. As a means of cultural communication, publicity also seems to be a limitless reservoir of creative linguistic and para-linguistics formulas which allow realistic contact with current cultural habits and contexts. The first part offers a browse of the main issues linked to the teaching of French as a foreign language, thereby setting a coherent didactic framework. The latter efficiently allows us to base a second part on the analysis of advertising communication with its characteristics in order to prepare its pedagogical integration. The objective of the third part is then to study the cultural innuendos in order to optimise the understanding of Others, along with an opening towards otherness
Laurence, Grégoire. "Normalisation et Apprentissage de Transductions d'Arbres en Mots". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053084.
Testo completoGualtieri, Jean-Sébastien. "Application de réseaux de capteurs sans fils : apprentissage de chants polyphoniques corses". Thesis, Corte, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CORT0012/document.
Testo completoThis report presents the different steps to develop a software method for learning polyphonic songs based on the use of wireless sensors. This study within the UMR SPE University of Corsica, in collaboration with the association E Voce di U Cumune and the IRCAM, is part of a university project development and characterization of Corsican cultural heritage.The objective of this thesis is to provide a tool for learning polyphony. To do this we used sign language describing the Corsican musical scale. The aim of our work was to capture these gestures in order to associate each of them with a singing voice. This process which established the link between gestural language and singing involves several concepts which are:- Hand controller, which includes a set of sensors in a single unit to be the first building block of virtual instrument model.- The gestural capturing which allows acquisition, i.e. which translates into electrical signals and digital, the gestures performed.- Recognition that identifies the captured gestures and can differentiate hand posture.- Sound production is the final stage of the system and associated with each of the gestures made a singing voice to match desired note.This concatenation led us to propose a new tool for learning polyphonic songs which offers the possibility to manipulate voice, chant and polyphony without having no musical knowledge
Stu raportu prisenta e sfarente tappe seguitate da sviluppà un metudu "software" per l'amparera di canti pulifonichi fundatu nantu à l'adopru di cattadori senza filu.Stu studiu realizatu à l'UMR SPE di l'Università di Corsica, in cullaburazione cun l'associu di E Voce di u Cumunu è l'IRCAM, si scrive in un prughjettu universitariu di valurisazione di u patrimoniu culturale corsu.L'ughjettivu di sta tesa hè di prupone un arnese d'aiutu à l'amparera di pulifunie. Per quessa, avemu adupratu un linguaghju gestuale chì discrive una scala musicale corsa. U scopu di u nostru travagliu hè statu di chjappà issi gesti di manera à assucià, à ognunu, una voce cantata. Stu prucessu chì và da u linguaghju gestuale à u sonu chjama diverse nuzione chì sò :-u cuntrollu gestuale, chì gruppa un inseme di cattadori in una stessa unità per cunstituisce u primu bloccu funziunale di mudellu di strumentu virtuale.-a cattazione di i gesti, chì permette l'acquistu, vene à dì chì traduce in signali elettrichi eppo numerichi, di i gesti effettuati.-a ricunniscenza, chì identificheghja i gesti cattati è permette di sfarenzià e pusture di a manu.-a produzzione sonora hè l'ultima tappa di u sistema è assucieghja à ogni gestu effettuatu una voce cantata à l'altura di a nota vulsuta.St´intrecciu ci hà cunduttu à prupone un nuvellu arnese d'aiutu à l'amparera di canti pulifonichi chì offre à pussibilità di manighjà e voci, u cantu è a pulifunia senza avè alcuna cunniscenza musicale
Charpentier, Jacky. "Apprentissage de la lecture et développement de la pensée logique : les processus de compréhension dans l’accès au langage écrit". Nancy 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN21019.
Testo completoThe theoretical study and functional analysis of written language demonstrate that, compared with spoken language, writing is endowed with specific functions and patterning. It therefore constitutes an object of learning of its own, having its proper requirements. The reading-writing act thus draws on particular cognitive processes. The study of such processes defined in terms of comprehension strategies, is based on experimental exercises given to infant classes. Several strategies are made out and related to the levels of development of logical thinking such as they appear in Piaget's operation theory. The demonstration is made that there exist relations between the characteristics of the various comprehension strategies children resort to and the levels of operations, whether mastered or not, such as seriation, classification, and conservation operations. More marked still is the clear differentiation between the comprehension strategies of pre-operating children and those of children mastering concrete operations. The hypotheses made above are thereby confirmed. Ultimately the pedagogical consequences are drawn from the observations made and the results obtained
Debourges, Isabelle. "Construction de cartes pour l'exploration de corpus". Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2037.
Testo completoStrub, Florian. "Développement de modèles multimodaux interactifs pour l'apprentissage du langage dans des environnements visuels". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I030.
Testo completoWhile our representation of the world is shaped by our perceptions, our languages, and our interactions, they have traditionally been distinct fields of study in machine learning. Fortunately, this partitioning started opening up with the recent advents of deep learning methods, which standardized raw feature extraction across communities. However, multimodal neural architectures are still at their beginning, and deep reinforcement learning is often limited to constrained environments. Yet, we ideally aim to develop large-scale multimodal and interactive models towards correctly apprehending the complexity of the world. As a first milestone, this thesis focuses on visually grounded language learning for three reasons (i) they are both well-studied modalities across different scientific fields (ii) it builds upon deep learning breakthroughs in natural language processing and computer vision (ii) the interplay between language and vision has been acknowledged in cognitive science. More precisely, we first designed the GuessWhat?! game for assessing visually grounded language understanding of the models: two players collaborate to locate a hidden object in an image by asking a sequence of questions. We then introduce modulation as a novel deep multimodal mechanism, and we show that it successfully fuses visual and linguistic representations by taking advantage of the hierarchical structure of neural networks. Finally, we investigate how reinforcement learning can support visually grounded language learning and cement the underlying multimodal representation. We show that such interactive learning leads to consistent language strategies but gives raise to new research issues
Yassine, Siba. "Apprentissage de l’anglais et du français chez des enfants arabophones syriens : influences respectives de la langue maternelle et de la première langue étrangère sur la deuxième". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30049.
Testo completoThis research work focuses on the influence of learning English as a foreign language on learning French as a foreign language. This influence is studied in Arabic-speaking children at the morphosyntactic and phonetic levels. We hypothesize there is an influence of the native language or of the first foreign language on learning of the second foreign language. More specifically, our objective in this doctoral thesis was to study linguistic interactions between the mother tongue, the English language learned starting from the age of 6 and the French language learned from the age of 12, in Arabic speaking children aged 8 to 14. The interference between the languages studied was first assessed by means of a morphosyntactic test, whose purpose was to evaluate the comprehension of sentences presenting various syntactic structures and increasing complexity. Two perception tests in English and in French were then performed to study the interference concerning the perception of vowel contrasts in both foreign languages.Our results showed that age played a decisive role in the foreign language learning. 14-year-olds performed better than younger children. We also confirmed the facilitating role of learning English on French by considering both languages as two Indo-European languages sharing similar structural and lexical characteristics.Concerning the perception tests, our results showed that Arabic-speaking children discriminate more vowel contrasts in English than in French. We explain this difference by the fact that our participants’ second language is English (started at the age of 6), while the French language is their third language (started at the age of 12). Finally, Arabic-speaking children tended to assimilate French sounds to Arabic or English sounds, demonstrating an effect of phonological deafness