Articoli di riviste: "Antibacterial mechanism"

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Dong, Yingshan, e Xuesong Sun. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Nanosilvers". Current Pharmacology Reports 5, n. 6 (23 novembre 2019): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40495-019-00204-6.

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Dolla, Naveen K., Chao Chen, Jonah Larkins-Ford, Rajmohan Rajamuthiah, Sakthimala Jagadeesan, Annie L. Conery, Frederick M. Ausubel et al. "On the Mechanism of Berberine–INF55 (5-Nitro-2-phenylindole) Hybrid Antibacterials". Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, n. 10 (2014): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14426.

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Berberine–INF55 hybrids are a promising class of antibacterials that combine berberine and the NorA multidrug resistance pump inhibitor INF55 (5-nitro-2-phenylindole) together in one molecule via a chemically stable linkage. Previous studies demonstrated the potential of these compounds for countering efflux-mediated antibacterial drug resistance but they didn’t establish whether the compounds function as originally intended, i.e. with the berberine moiety providing antibacterial activity and the attached INF55 component independently blocking multidrug resistance pumps, thereby enhancing the activity of berberine by reducing its efflux. We hypothesised that if the proposed mechanism is correct, then hybrids carrying more potent INF55 pump inhibitor structures should show enhanced antibacterial effects relative to those bearing weaker inhibitors. Two INF55 analogues showing graded reductions in NorA inhibitory activity compared with INF55 were identified and their corresponding berberine–INF55 hybrids carrying equivalent INF55 inhibitor structures synthesised. Multiple assays comparing the antibacterial effects of the hybrids and their corresponding berberine–INF55 analogue combinations showed that the three hybrids all show very similar activities, leading us to conclude that the antibacterial mechanism(s) of berberine–INF55 hybrids is different from berberine–INF55 combinations.

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Pertiwi, Galuh Bela, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma Wardani e Ni Made Dwi Mara Widyani Nayaka. "A REVIEW OF ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF BANANG-BANANG PLANT (Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig) EXTRACT". Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Application 5, n. 1 (1 giugno 2023): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jpsa.2023.v05.i01.p03.

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Background: Xylocarpus granatum has been used traditionally by coastal communities to treat various diseases. It is known that this plant contains secondary metabolites with various pharmacological activities, including as an antibacterial. Objective: This review article aims to provide information regarding the potential antibacterial activity of banang-banang plants and to summarize the content of compounds that have antibacterial properties and their mechanism of action. Methods: The preparation of this article is through literature studies from various international journals and national journals obtained online by taking into account predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Then it was selected and studied further to obtain data related to the antibacterial activity of banang-banang plants and the content of secondary metabolites that have potential as antibacterials. Results: The banang-banang plant, especially the leaves, roots, fruit, seeds, fruit flesh, fruit peels, stems and bark with its secondary metabolites can inhibit several bacterial species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella boydii , Proteus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes, Ralstonia solanacaerum, Propionibacterium acnes, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Aspergillus paraciticus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Micrococcus luteus, Saccharomyces ceresiviae, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio alginoliticus and Aeromonas hydrophilla. The secondary metabolites of this plant that have potential as antibacterial are tannins, saponins, steroids, phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and glycosides which have their respective mechanisms of action as antibacterial agents. Conclusion: Secondary metabolites contained in each part of the Xylocarpus granatum plant are thought to have a role in its antibacterial activity.Keywords: Antibacterial, Mechanism of action, Secondary metabolite, Xylocarpus granatum J.Koenig.

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Bremner, John B. "Some approaches to new antibacterial agents". Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, n. 12 (1 gennaio 2007): 2143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779122143.

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Bacteria use a number of resistance mechanisms to counter the antibacterial challenge, and one of these is the expression of transmembrane protein-based efflux pumps which can pump out antibacterials from within the cells, thus lowering the antibacterial concentration to nonlethal levels. For example, in S. aureus, the NorA pump can pump out the antibacterial alkaloid berberine and ciprofloxacin. One general strategy to reduce the health threat of resistant bacteria is to block a major bacterial resistance mechanism at the same time as interfering with another bacterial pathway or target site. New developments of this approach in the context of dual-action prodrugs and dual-action (or hybrid) drugs in which one action is targeted at blocking the NorA efflux pump and the second action at an alternative bacterial target site (or sites) for the antibacterial action are discussed. The compounds are based on a combination of 2-aryl-5-nitro-1H-indole derivatives (as the NorA efflux pump blocking component) and derivatives of berberine. General design principles, syntheses, antibacterial testing, and preliminary work on modes of action studies are discussed.

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Zhao, Lin, Yingying Zhao, Jinfeng Wei, Zhenhua Liu, Changqin Li e Wenyi Kang. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Dihydrotanshinone I". Natural Product Communications 16, n. 2 (febbraio 2021): 1934578X2199615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x21996158.

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The antimicrobial activity and the underlying action mechanisms of dihydrotanshinone I against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Staphylococcus aureus were investigated with Kleihauer-Betke (K-B) test. The antibacterial mechanisms of dihydrotanshinone I were investigated by monitoring the changes in electric conductivity, concentration of AKP, protein content, and patterns of protein electrophoretic bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The antibacterial rings showed that antimicrobial activity of dihydrotanshinone I at 18 mM was stronger to Staphylococcus aureus than to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 values showed that dihydrotanshinone I had the strongest inhibitory activity against S. aureus (MIC = 280 µM, IC50 = 874 ± 0.01 µM, respectively). Dihydrotanshinone I could increase the electric conductivity, concentration of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and protein content. The patterns of protein bands in SDS-PAGE were changed obviously. Dihydrotanshinone I also significantly inhibited S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases S. aureus, indicating that dihydrotanshinone I can damage the structures of cell wall and cell membrane to increase permeability of cell membrane and release of cell components. Dihydrotanshinone I could influence the synthesis of bacterial protein, destroy the protein, or reject the anabolism or expression of the protein, and finally lead to the loss of normal physiological function of bacteria.

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Zhu, Hongtao, Xiaolu Zhang, Mengyao Lu, Haiqin Chen, Shiyi Chen, Jiaxuan Han, Yan Zhang, Ping Zhao e Zhaoming Dong. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Silkworm Seroins". Polymers 12, n. 12 (14 dicembre 2020): 2985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122985.

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Seroin 1 and seroin 2 are abundant in silkworm cocoon silk and show strong antibacterial activities, and thus are thought to protect cocoon silk from damage by bacteria. In this study, we characterized the expression pattern of silkworm seroin 3, and found that seroin 3 is synthesized in the female ovary and secreted into egg to play its roles. After being infected, seroin 1, 2, and 3 were significantly up-regulated in the silkworm. We synthesized the full-length protein of seroin 1, 2, and 3 and their N/C-terminal domain (seroin-N/C), and compared the antimicrobial activities in vitro. All three seroins showed higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria. Seroin 2 showed better antibacterial effect than seroin 1 and 3, whereas seroin 1/2/3-N was better than seroin 1/2/3-C. We found that seroin 2-C has stronger peptidoglycan binding ability than seroin 2-N per the ELISA test. The binding sites of seroin 2 with bacteria were blocked by peptidoglycan, which resulted in the loss of the antibacterial activity of seroin 2. Collectively, these findings suggest that seroin 1 and 2 play antibacterial roles in cocoon silk, whereas seroin 3 functions in the eggs. The three silkworm seroins have the same antibacterial mechanism, that is, binding to bacterial peptidoglycan by the C-terminal domain and inhibiting bacterial growth by the N-terminal domain.

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LIN, CHIA-MIN, JAMES F. PRESTON e CHENG-I. WEI. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Allyl Isothiocyanate†". Journal of Food Protection 63, n. 6 (1 giugno 2000): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.6.727.

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Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a natural compound in plants belonging to the family Cruciferae, has been shown to have strong antimicrobial activity in liquid media as well as in its vapor form. To understand its antimicrobial mechanism, AITC was tested for bactericidal activities to Salmonella Montevideo, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A at different stages of growth and was compared with streptomycin, penicillin G, and polymyxin B, each of known antibacterial mechanisms. Bactericidal activities were determined by measuring bacterial viability and leakage of metabolites. To determine its effects on membrane permeability, β-galactosidase activity was examined after exposure of E. coli K-12 strain 3.300 to the three antibiotics and to AITC. The two gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella Montevideo and E. coli O157:H7, were more sensitive to AITC and to polymyxin B than the gram-positive L. monocytogenes. AITC and polymyxin B were effective bactericidal agents to bacteria at all growth stages, whereas penicillin G and streptomycin did not exhibit bactericidal activity to stationary cells. High A260 and A280 values of cellular filtrate and β-galactosidase activity were obtained after treatments of AITC and polymyxin B. These data indicated that AITC was most similar to polymyxin B with respect to its antibacterial effect on cell membranes and on leakage of cellular metabolites. Gaseous AITC caused metabolite leakages, measurable increases in β-galactosidase activity, and reduction of viable bacteria. The effectiveness of AITC in inhibiting bacteria at all growth stages and its strong activity in vapor phase support its application in food preservation.

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Gao, Xin, Jinbao Liu, Bo Li e Jing Xie. "Antibacterial Activity and Antibacterial Mechanism of Lemon Verbena Essential Oil". Molecules 28, n. 7 (30 marzo 2023): 3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073102.

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The destructive effect and mode of action of lemon verbena essential oil on cells were investigated, taking the isolated Pseudosciaena D4 as the research object. The extracellular absorbance of the Pseudosciaena D4 increased at OD260 and OD280 after being treated with lemon verbena essential oil, which destroyed the integrity of Pseudosciaena D4 cells, showing a significant effect on preventing biomembrane formation and destroying the formed biomembrane. With an increased concentration of lemon verbena essential oil, extracellular polysaccharide showed a significant decrease in content and a significant increase in inhibition rate, indicating that the secretion of extracellular polysaccharide by Pseudosciaena D4 cells could be inhibited by lemon verbena essential oil during the process of biomembrane formation. Cell introcession and shrinkage appeared after the treatment with essential oil, and a transparent cavity was formed by the out-flowed cell content. Lemon verbena essential oil destroyed the cell wall, resulting in an enhanced permeability of the cell membrane and leakage of the contents, thereby causing cell death.

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Dandliker, Peter J., Steve D. Pratt, Angela M. Nilius, Candace Black-Schaefer, Xiaoan Ruan, Danli L. Towne, Richard F. Clark et al. "Novel Antibacterial Class". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, n. 12 (dicembre 2003): 3831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.12.3831-3839.2003.

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ABSTRACT We report the discovery and characterization of a novel ribosome inhibitor (NRI) class that exhibits selective and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Compounds in this class inhibit growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including the common respiratory pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis, and are nontoxic to human cell lines. The first NRI was discovered in a high-throughput screen designed to identify inhibitors of cell-free translation in extracts from S. pneumoniae. The chemical structure of the NRI class is related to antibacterial quinolones, but, interestingly, the differences in structure are sufficient to completely alter the biochemical and intracellular mechanisms of action. Expression array studies and analysis of NRI-resistant mutants confirm this difference in intracellular mechanism and provide evidence that the NRIs inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by inhibiting ribosomes. Furthermore, compounds in the NRI series appear to inhibit bacterial ribosomes by a new mechanism, because NRI-resistant strains are not cross-resistant to other ribosome inhibitors, such as macrolides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, or oxazolidinones. The NRIs are a promising new antibacterial class with activity against all major drug-resistant respiratory pathogens.

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Ulfah, Aida Julia, Muhammad Yulis Hamidy e Hilwan Yuda Teruna. "The mechanism of action underlying antibacterial activity of a diterpene quinone derivative against Staphylococcus aureus through the in vitro and in silico assays". Pharmacy Education 24, n. 2 (1 aprile 2024): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.242.8692.

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Background: The need for new antibacterials to combat resistance is still constrained by the availability of antibacterials that are safe to use. Diterpene quinone-derived compounds are proven to have antibacterial activity. However, their mechanism of action is unknown. Objective: This study aims to determine the mechanism of antibacterial action of a diterpene quinone (6O7AR) on Staphylococcus aureus through in vitro and in silico assays. Method: MIC tests were performed using microdilution, and MBC determinations were carried out on MHA media. In vitro assays were conducted using membrane permeabilizing with Tris, Triton X-100, and ATPase-inhibiting agents with NaN3. Docking was performed on 2XCT proteins in S. aureus bacteria using AutoDock Vina. Result: The MIC and MBC results of 6O7AR were 300 μM and 2400 μM, respectively. The in vitro assay result suggested that the antimicrobial activities of 6O7AR were associated with the inhibition of ATPase function and disrupting membrane function. The docking results showed that the compound possessed good interactions with the 2XCT proteins of S. aureus. Conclusion: 6O7AR exhibited good antibacterial activity. Based on in vitro and in silico assays, the mechanism of action of this compound is related to the disruption of bacterial membrane function, and it has the potential to inhibit the ATPase enzyme and the S. aureus gyrase.

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Cui, Haiying, Chenghui Zhang, Changzhu Li e Lin Lin. "Antibacterial mechanism of oregano essential oil". Industrial Crops and Products 139 (novembre 2019): 111498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111498.

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Martin, Constance J., Matthew G. Booty, Tracy R. Rosebrock, Cláudio Nunes-Alves, Danielle M. Desjardins, Iris Keren, Sarah M. Fortune, Heinz G. Remold e Samuel M. Behar. "Efferocytosis Is an Innate Antibacterial Mechanism". Cell Host & Microbe 12, n. 3 (settembre 2012): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.010.

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Zhou, Zhongxin, Dafu Wei, Anna Zheng e Jian-Jiang Zhong. "Antibacterial mechanism of polymeric guanidine salts". Journal of Biotechnology 136 (ottobre 2008): S754—S755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1678.

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Zhou, Caiyu, Qian Wang, Jing Jiang e Lizeng Gao. "Nanozybiotics: Nanozyme-Based Antibacterials against Bacterial Resistance". Antibiotics 11, n. 3 (15 marzo 2022): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030390.

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Infectious diseases caused by bacteria represent a global threat to human health. However, due to the abuse of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacteria have evolved rapidly and led to the failure of antibiotics treatment. Alternative antimicrobial strategies different to traditional antibiotics are urgently needed. Enzyme-based antibacterials (Enzybiotics) have gradually attracted interest owing to their advantages including high specificity, rapid mode-of-action, no resistance development, etc. However, due to their low stability, potential immunogenicity, and high cost of natural enzymes, enzybiotics have limitations in practical antibacterial therapy. In recent years, many nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (Nanozymes) have been discovered as a new generation of artificial enzymes and perform catalytic antibacterial effects against bacterial resistance. To highlight the progress in this field of nanozyme-based antibacterials (Nanozybiotics), this review discussed the antibacterial mechanism of action of nanozybiotics with a comparison with enzybiotics. We propose that nanozybiotics may bear promising applications in antibacterial therapy, due to their high stability, rapid bacterial killing, biofilm elimination, and low cost.

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Tang, Xiao Ning, Bin Zhang, Gang Xie e Xue Shan Xia. "Study on Antibacterial Mechanism of Ag-Inorganic Antibacterial Material Containing Lanthanum". Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (agosto 2009): 1799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1799.

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Inorganic antibacterial materials consist of the antibacterial ions, the additives and the carrier. In this study, we synthesized a new inorganic antibacterial material, of which Ag+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, lanthanum nitrate served as the additives, and the white carbon black was chosen as the carrier, which was prepared by a sol-gel method. The as-synthesized antibacterial material was characterized by inductively coupled plasma, particle size measurement instrument, and enumeration tests. The result showed that this material has loose and dispersive structure, good thermal and light stability. The possible antibacterial mechanism was also proposed through all the experimental data in this study.

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Huang, Xu, Deren Wang, Leyong Hu, Juanjuan Song e Yiqing Chen. "Preparation of a novel antibacterial coating precursor and its antibacterial mechanism". Applied Surface Science 465 (gennaio 2019): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.09.160.

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Zhao, C. H., Y. Q. Yang, H. L. Yang, J. M. Tan, R. H. Gong, Y. X. Yang e X. P. Zhang. "Cu/graphene oxide composited coatings for preventing clinical implant bacterial infections: an antibacterial mechanism study". Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 18, n. 2 (2023): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2023.182.657.

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Recently, graphene oxide (GO) based materials have shown great potential in the treatment of implant bacterial infections due to its inherent antibacterial activity. However, the effect of GO-based materials on biological systems particularly the antibacterial mechanisms is still not clear. In this study, GO, NaBH4 treated GO (GO-Y), copper decorated GO (GO-Cu, GO-Cu-GO) composited coatings were prepared on the surface of silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate by spin-coating and chemical in-situ formation. The growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on GO-Y, GO-Cu, and GO-Cu-GO were significantly inhibited, especially on GO-Cu and GO-Cu-GO coatings. The implied antibacterial mechanism of GO-Cu-Cu coatings was further studied and discussed. The enhanced antibacterial performance of GO-Cu-GO coatings has significant potential application in preventing clinical implant bacterial infections. Moreover, the systematic study of various antibacterial effects also enriches our knowledge of the possible antibacterial mechanisms of graphene-based materials.

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Chen, Xiaoli, e Liqiao Wei. "Preparation of Antibacterial Silk and Analysis of Interface Formation Mechanism". Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, n. 3 (settembre 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900314.

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Nano-Ag-loaded SiO2 antibacterial agent (Ag/SiO2) was prepared by a chemical reduction method and served as a modifier to endow silk fabric with antibacterial activity. Impregnated antibacterial silk (I-silk) and grafted antibacterial silk (G-silk) were obtained by dipping method and grafting with coupling agent KH550, respectively. The morphologies and valence-bond structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The washing fastness and antibacterial performance of G-silk were detected by the washing test and oscillation flask method. The results show that the chemical structure of G-silk changed in comparison with that of natural silk. The antibacterial rates of G-silk against E. coli and S. aureus were 96.5% and 92.8%, respectively. And it was still over 80% even after being washed for 30 times, suggesting good wash fastness and long-acting antibacterial activity.

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Zhao, C., L. Zhang, H. Wu, X. Song, Y. Chen, D. Liu, P. Lei, L. Li e B. Cui. "Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent antibacterial effects of graphene oxide coatings". Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures 17, n. 2 (aprile 2022): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/djnb.2022.172.481.

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The antibacterial mechanism of GO in solution have been well studied, however, the antibacterial activity of GO as coating material in solid phase is still unclear. Here, we report a direct proof of the antibacterial mechanisms of GO coatings. Oxidative stress induced by GO coating was found to be an important reason for the prevention of bacteria colonization on the coating surface, since a ROS dependent antibacterial effect was detected in this study. This finding could help with understanding bacteria-GO solid surface interaction and further designing such antibacterial implant surfaces.

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Tang, Aiguo, Qianwen Ren, Yaling Wu, Chao Wu e Yuanyuan Cheng. "Investigation into the Antibacterial Mechanism of Biogenic Tellurium Nanoparticles and Precursor Tellurite". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n. 19 (2 ottobre 2022): 11697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911697.

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Antibacterial tellurium nanoparticles have the advantages of high activity and biocompatibility. Microbial synthesis of Te nanoparticles is not only a green technology but builds new ecological relationships in diverse environments. However, the antibacterial mechanism of Te nanoparticles is largely unclear. In this study, we report the bacterial synthesis of rod-shaped Te nanoparticles (BioTe) with high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Morphology and permeability examination indicates that membrane damage is the primary reason for the antibacterial activity of BioTe, rather than ROS production and DNA damage. Moreover, a comparison of transcriptome and relative phenotypes reveals the difference in antibacterial mechanisms between BioTe and tellurite. Based on our evidence, we propose an antibacterial mode of rod-shaped BioTe, in which positively charged BioTe interact with the cell membrane through electrostatic attraction and then penetrate the membrane by using their sharp ends. In contrast, tellurite toxicity might be involved in sulfur metabolism.

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Li, Honghai, Xin Chen, Weipeng Lu, Jie Wang, Yisheng Xu e Yanchuan Guo. "Application of Electrospinning in Antibacterial Field". Nanomaterials 11, n. 7 (14 luglio 2021): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071822.

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In recent years, electrospun nanofibers have attracted extensive attention due to their large specific surface area, high porosity, and controllable shape. Among the many applications of electrospinning, electrospun nanofibers used in fields such as tissue engineering, food packaging, and air purification often require some antibacterial properties. This paper expounds the development potential of electrospinning in the antibacterial field from four aspects: fiber morphology, antibacterial materials, antibacterial mechanism, and application fields. The effects of fiber morphology and antibacterial materials on the antibacterial activity and characteristics are first presented, then followed by a discussion of the antibacterial mechanisms and influencing factors of these materials. Typical application examples of antibacterial nanofibers are presented, which show the good prospects of electrospinning in the antibacterial field.

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Scott, Cassidy, Daniel Neira Agonh e Christian Lehmann. "Antibacterial Effects of Phytocannabinoids". Life 12, n. 9 (7 settembre 2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091394.

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Antibiotics are used as the first line of treatment for bacterial infections. However, antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to the future of antibiotics, resulting in increased medical costs, hospital stays, and mortality. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, impeding the success of antibiotics in treating common infectious diseases. Recently, phytocannabinoids have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids presents a unique mechanism of action to overcome existing antibiotic resistance. Future research must be carried out on phytocannabinoids as potential therapeutic agents used as novel treatments against resistant strains of microbes.

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Fanoro, Olufunto T., e Oluwatobi S. Oluwafemi. "Bactericidal Antibacterial Mechanism of Plant Synthesized Silver, Gold and Bimetallic Nanoparticles". Pharmaceutics 12, n. 11 (30 ottobre 2020): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111044.

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As the field of nanomedicine develops and tackles the recent surge in antibiotic resistance, there is a need to have an in-depth understanding and a synergistic view of research on the effectiveness of a metal nanoparticle (NP) as an antibacterial agent especially their mechanisms of action. The constant development of bacterial resistance has led scientists to develop novel antibiotic agents. Silver, gold and its bimetallic combination are one of the most promising metal NPs because they show strong antibacterial activity. In this review we discuss the mode of synthesis and the proposed mechanism of biocidal antibacterial activity of metal NPs. These mechanisms include DNA degradation, protein oxidation, generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, ATP depletion, damage of biomolecules and membrane interaction.

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Zhang, Yu, Yu-Ting Wu, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Xuan Han, Yao-Huang Jiang, Pei-Lin Hu, Zhen-Xing Tang e Lu-E. Shi. "The antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanism of a polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae". Journal of Functional Foods 38 (novembre 2017): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.047.

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Brickner, Steven J. "Oxazolidinone Antibacterial Agents". Current Pharmaceutical Design 2, n. 2 (aprile 1996): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612802666220921173820.

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The oxazolidinones are a new class of synthetic antibacterial agents. These compounds demonstrate potent in vitro and in vivo activity against important human pathogens, including multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of gram positive organisms including the staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. The oxazolidinones have a novel mechanism of action, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis at a very early step prior to initiation. Literature disclosures have described the inability to detect in vitro bacterial resistance development to the oxazolidinones. Only the (S)-enantiomer is active; a new synthetic route yielding oxazolidinones with high optical purity has been reported. This paper will review the spectrum of activity, mechanism of action studies, toxicity issues, and structure activity relationships of the oxazolidinones.

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Li, Manna, Zhaofeng Chen, Lixia Yang, Jiayu Li, Jiang Xu, Chao Chen, Qiong Wu, Mengmeng Yang e Tianlong Liu. "Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of GO/Cu2O/ZnO Coating on Ultrafine Glass Fiber". Nanomaterials 12, n. 11 (29 maggio 2022): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12111857.

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A GO (graphene oxide)/ZnO/Cu2O antibacterial coating was successfully sprayed on the ultrafine glass fibers using room temperature hydrothermal synthesis and air spraying techniques. The microstructures of the antibacterial coating were characterized, and the results showed that the Cu2ONPs (nano particles)/ZnONPs were uniformly dispersed on the surface of GO. Then, the antibacterial properties of the GO/ZnO/Cu2O (GZC) antibacterial coating were evaluated using the disc diffusion test. It was found that the coating exhibits excellent antibacterial properties and stability against E. coli and S. aureus, and the antibacterial rate of each group of antibacterial powder against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 100%. To explore the antibacterial mechanism of the GZC antibacterial powder on the ultrafine glass fibers based on the photocatalysis/oxidative stress method, the photoelectric coupling synergistic effect between GZC antibacterial coating was analyzed deeply. The results all showed that the photochemical activity of GZC antibacterial powder was significantly improved compared with pure component materials. The enhancement of its photochemical activity is beneficial to the generation of ROS (including hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion radicals, etc.), which further confirms the speculation of the photocatalytic/oxidative stress mechanism.

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Zhang, Maolan, Yuanliang Wang, Guoming Zeng, Shuang Yang, Xiaoling Liao e Da Sun. "Antibacterial activity and mechanism of piperazine polymer". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, n. 20 (10 gennaio 2021): 50451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50451.

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WANG, HAITING, DAN ZOU, KUNPEING XIE e MINGJIE XIE. "Antibacterial mechanism of fraxetin against Staphylococcus aureus". Molecular Medicine Reports 10, n. 5 (2 settembre 2014): 2341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2529.

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Chatterjee, Arijit Kumar, Ruchira Chakraborty e Tarakdas Basu. "Mechanism of antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles". Nanotechnology 25, n. 13 (28 febbraio 2014): 135101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/13/135101.

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Rosenthal, Kenneth S., e Kim M. Risley. "Common Killing Mechanism for Bactericidal Antibacterial Compounds". Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 21, n. 1 (gennaio 2013): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e318279f1ac.

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Ortiz-Benítez, Edgar Augusto, Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama, Noé Valentín Durán Figueroa, Héctor Quezada e José de Jesús Olivares-Trejo. "Antibacterial mechanism of gold nanoparticles onStreptococcus pneumoniae". Metallomics 11, n. 7 (2019): 1265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9mt00084d.

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Livermore, D. M. "Linezolid in vitro: mechanism and antibacterial spectrum". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 51, n. 90002 (1 maggio 2003): 9ii—16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg249.

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Mensa, Bruk, Yong Ho Kim, Sungwook Choi, Richard Scott, Gregory A. Caputo e William F. DeGrado. "Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Arylamide Foldamers". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, n. 11 (15 agosto 2011): 5043–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05009-11.

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ABSTRACTSmall arylamide foldamers designed to mimic the amphiphilic nature of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown potent bactericidal activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains without many of the drawbacks of natural AMPs. These foldamers were shown to cause large changes in the permeability of the outer membrane ofEscherichia coli. They cause more limited permeabilization of the inner membrane which reaches critical levels corresponding with the time required to bring about bacterial cell death. Transcriptional profiling ofE. colitreated with sublethal concentrations of the arylamides showed induction of genes related to membrane and oxidative stresses, with some overlap with the effects observed for polymyxin B. Protein secretion into the periplasm and the outer membrane is also compromised, possibly contributing to the lethality of the arylamide compounds. The induction of membrane stress response regulons such asrcscoupled with morphological changes at the membrane observed by electron microscopy suggests that the activity of the arylamides at the membrane represents a significant contribution to their mechanism of action.

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Kang, Shuai, Zhengwen Li, Zhongqiong Yin, Renyong Jia, Xu Song, Li Li, Zhenzhen Chen et al. "The antibacterial mechanism of berberine againstActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae". Natural Product Research 29, n. 23 (23 gennaio 2015): 2203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.1001388.

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刘, 玉琳. "Advances in Antibacterial Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticles". Hans Journal of Biomedicine 13, n. 02 (2023): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/hjbm.2023.132016.

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Zhang, Bin, Tao He, Xiao Ning Tang, Yin Hua Xu e Liang Fu. "The Mechanism of Antibacterial Activity of Copper and Cerium-Loaded White Carbon Black". Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (ottobre 2010): 508–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.508.

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This paper investigated the antibacterial mechanism of the Cu-antibacterial White Carbon Black containing cerium. The sol-gel method was used to prepare the White Carbon Black carrier. Cu2+ was selected to be the antibacterial ion, and cerous nitrate was selected to be the additive. They were synthesized on the white carbon black carrier. The structure and antibacterial mechanism of antibacterial material were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and enumeration tests (Escherichia coli as experimental bacterium). Results showed that the contents of antibacterial ions in the Cu-antibacterial white carbon black containing cerium were higher than those for the general Cu-antibacterial white carbon black (without containing cerium). Cu2+ was bound to white carbon black by ion exchange process. Bacteriostasis rate is over 99%. Furthermore, other advantages of this material are its good thermal and light stabilities.

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Hu, Meng-Yuan, Yi-Wen Chen, Zhi-Fan Chai, Yin-Zhi Wang, Jian-Qing Lin e Sheng-Guo Fang. "Antibacterial Properties and Potential Mechanism of Serum from Chinese Alligator". Microorganisms 10, n. 11 (8 novembre 2022): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112210.

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The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is an ancient reptile with strong immunity that lives in wetland environments. This study tested the antibacterial ability of Chinese alligator serum (CAS) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and analyzed the potential underlying mechanisms. Results showed that the CAS had a marked antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, while S. aureus was only mildly affected. However, these effects disappeared when Protease K was added to the serum. The serum proteome analysis revealed that the antibacterial ability of CAS was produced by interactions among various proteins and that the complement proteins played a major antibacterial role. Therefore, we made relevant predictions about the structure and function of complement component 3. In addition, sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of complement component 3d (C3d) in four mammalian species and two alligator species showed that the amino acids that make up the acid pocket on the concave surface of alligator C3d are not identical to those in mammals. This study provided evidence that CAS elicits significant antibacterial effects against some pathogens and provides the basis for further development of novel antibacterial drugs.

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Sitorus, Panal, e Dwi Suryanto, Hepni. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT BANANA STONE AND MECHANISM". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n. 13 (26 aprile 2018): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s1.26598.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of antibacterial activity of the fraction of banana stone and its mechanism.Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the disc paper.Results: The results of antibacterial activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction was more effective against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes compared to n-hexane fraction.Conclusion: The resulting cellular metabolite leak showed that cell leakage in the three bacteria due to ethyl acetate fraction had leaked more protein than nucleic acid, while the leakage of more dissolved K+ ion than Ca2 + ions.

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Renzetti, Andrea, Jonathan W. Betts, Kozo Fukumoto e Ryan Noboru Rutherford. "Antibacterial green tea catechins from a molecular perspective: mechanisms of action and structure–activity relationships". Food & Function 11, n. 11 (2020): 9370–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo02054k.

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Zhang, Fusheng, e Wei Cheng. "The Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance and Potential Bacteriostatic Strategies". Antibiotics 11, n. 9 (8 settembre 2022): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091215.

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Bacterial drug resistance is rapidly developing as one of the greatest threats to human health. Bacteria will adopt corresponding strategies to crack the inhibitory effect of antibiotics according to the antibacterial mechanism of antibiotics, involving the mutation of drug target, secreting hydrolase, and discharging antibiotics out of cells through an efflux pump, etc. In recent years, bacteria are found to constantly evolve new resistance mechanisms to antibiotics, including target protective protein, changes in cell morphology, and so on, endowing them with multiple defense systems against antibiotics, leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the unavailability of drugs in clinics. Correspondingly, researchers attempt to uncover the mystery of bacterial resistance to develop more convenient and effective antibacterial strategies. Although traditional antibiotics still play a significant role in the treatment of diseases caused by sensitive pathogenic bacteria, they gradually lose efficacy in the MDR bacteria. Therefore, highly effective antibacterial compounds, such as phage therapy and CRISPER-Cas precision therapy, are gaining an increasing amount of attention, and are considered to be the treatments with the moist potential with regard to resistance against MDR in the future. In this review, nine identified drug resistance mechanisms are summarized, which enhance the retention rate of bacteria under the action of antibiotics and promote the distribution of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB) in the population. Afterwards, three kinds of potential antibacterial methods are introduced, in which new antibacterial compounds exhibit broad application prospects with different action mechanisms, the phage therapy has been successfully applied to infectious diseases caused by super bacteria, and the CRISPER-Cas precision therapy as a new technology can edit drug-resistant genes in pathogenic bacteria at the gene level, with high accuracy and flexibility. These antibacterial methods will provide more options for clinical treatment, and will greatly alleviate the current drug-resistant crisis.

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Wu, Yan, Guang Ting Han, Ying Gong, Yuan Ming Zhang, Yan Zhi Xia, Chang Qing Yue e Da Wei Wu. "Antibacterial Property and Mechanism of Copper Alginate Fiber". Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (ottobre 2010): 1351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1351.

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To apply copper alginate fibers in medical as a new alginate fiber, copper alginate fibers were researched and evaluated against Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), using antibacterial zone and flash shaking method to analyze anti-bacterial mechanism by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that copper alginate fibers had antibacterial effects, the antibacterial rate against E.coli and S.aureus were 97.4% and 66.2%, respectively; SEM images indicated that bacteria obviously changed after contacting with fibers, the main reason was that copper ion had a damaging effect on pericellular and cell wall. Furthermore, bacterial osmotic pressure was changed and protein synthesis were impeded, and then the normal metabolism of bacteria was destroyed, and finally, bacteria died.

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Wei, Chunling, Peiwu Cui e Xiangqian Liu. "Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Madecassic Acid against Staphylococcus aureus". Molecules 28, n. 4 (16 febbraio 2023): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041895.

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Antibacterial resistance has become one of the most serious problems threating global health. To overcome this urgent problem, many scientists have paid great attention to developing new antibacterial drugs from natural products. Hence, for exploring new antibacterial drugs from Chinese medicine, a series of experiments were carried out for verifying and elucidating the antibacterial activity and mechanisms of madecassic acid (MA), which is an active triterpenoid compound isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine, Centella asiatica. The antibacterial activity was investigated through measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the growth curve, and the effect on the bacterial biofilm, respectively. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism was also discussed from the aspects of cell wall integrity variation, cell membrane permeability, and the activities of related enzymes in the respiratory metabolic pathway before and after the intervention by MA. The results showed that MA had an inhibitory effect on eight kinds of pathogenic bacteria, and the MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium were 31.25, 62.5, 250, 125, 62.5, and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. For instance, 31.25 µg/mL MA could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus within 28 h. The antibacterial mechanism experiments confirmed that MA could destroy the integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus, causing the leakage of macromolecular substances, inhibiting the synthesis of soluble proteins, reducing the activities of succinate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, and interacting with DNA, leading to the relaxation and ring opening of supercoiled DNA. Besides, the activities of DNA topoisomerase I and II were both inhibited by MA, which led to the cell growth of Staphylococcus aureus being repressed. This study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the application of MA in the control and inhibition of food-borne Staphylococcus aureus.

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Diao, Shihong, Yixin Duan, Mengying Wang, Yuanjiao Feng, Hong Miao e Yongju Zhao. "Multi-Omics Study on Molecular Mechanisms of Single-Atom Fe-Doped Two-Dimensional Conjugated Phthalocyanine Framework for Photocatalytic Antibacterial Performance". Molecules 29, n. 7 (3 aprile 2024): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29071601.

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Currently, photocatalysis of the two-dimensional (2D) conjugated phthalocyanine framework with a single Fe atom (CPF-Fe) has shown efficient photocatalytic activities for the removal of harmful effluents and antibacterial activity. Their photocatalytic mechanisms are dependent on the redox reaction—which is led by the active species generated from the photocatalytic process. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of CPF-Fe antimicrobial activity has not been sufficiently explored. In this study, we successfully synthesized CPF-Fe with great broad-spectrum antibacterial properties under visible light and used it as an antibacterial agent. The molecular mechanism of CPF-Fe against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis was explored through multi-omics analyses (transcriptomics and metabolomics correlation analyses). The results showed that CPF-Fe not only led to the oxidative stress of bacteria by generating large amounts of h+ and ROS but also caused failure in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall components as well as an osmotic pressure imbalance by disrupting glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and TCA cycle pathways. More surprisingly, CPF-Fe could disrupt the metabolism of amino acids and nucleic acids, as well as inhibit their energy metabolism, resulting in the death of bacterial cells. The research further revealed the antibacterial mechanism of CPF-Fe from a molecular perspective, providing a theoretical basis for the application of CPF-Fe photocatalytic antibacterial nanomaterials.

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Ma, Lin. "Antibacterial Activity and Antibacterial Mechanism of Bergenia scopulosa T.P. Wang Extract". Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology 6, n. 8 (10 agosto 2014): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajfst.6.146.

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Shi, Lu-E., Zhen-Hua Li, Wei Zheng, Yi-Fan Zhao, Yong-Fang Jin e Zhen-Xing Tang. "Synthesis, antibacterial activity, antibacterial mechanism and food applications of ZnO nanoparticles: a review". Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 31, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2014): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2013.865147.

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Xi, Yuejing, Tao Song, Songyao Tang, Nuosha Wang e Jianzhong Du. "Preparation and Antibacterial Mechanism Insight of Polypeptide-Based Micelles with Excellent Antibacterial Activities". Biomacromolecules 17, n. 12 (30 novembre 2016): 3922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01285.

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Lu, Pengpeng, Xinping Zhang, Feng Li, Ke-Fei Xu, Yan-Hong Li, Xiaoyang Liu, Jing Yang, Baofeng Zhu e Fu-Gen Wu. "Cationic Liposomes with Different Lipid Ratios: Antibacterial Activity, Antibacterial Mechanism, and Cytotoxicity Evaluations". Pharmaceuticals 15, n. 12 (14 dicembre 2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121556.

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Due to their strong bacterial binding and bacterial toxicity, cationic liposomes have been utilized as effective antibacterial materials in many studies. However, few researchers have systematically compared their antibacterial activity with their mammalian cell cytotoxicity or have deeply explored their antibacterial and cytotoxicity mechanisms. Here, we prepared a series of cationic liposomes (termed CLs) using dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride (DODAC) and lecithin at different molar ratios. CLs have the ability to effectively bind with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Further, the CLs with high molar ratios of DODAC (30 and 40 mol%) can disrupt the bacterial wall/membrane, efficiently inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). More importantly, we carefully compared the antibacterial activity and the mammalian cell cytotoxicity of various CLs differing in DODAC contents and liposomal concentrations and revealed that, whether they are bacterial or mammalian cells, an increasing DODAC content in CLs can lead to an elevated cytotoxicity level. Further, there exists a critical DODAC contents (>20 mol%) in CLs to endow them with effective antibacterial ability. However, the variation in the DODAC content and liposomal concentration of CLs has different degrees of influence on the antibacterial activity or cytotoxicity. For example, CLs at high DODAC content (i.e., CL0.3 and CL0.4) could effectively kill both types of bacterial cells but only cause negligible toxicity to mammalian cells. We believe that a systematic comparison between the antibacterial activity and the cytotoxicity of CLs with different DODAC contents will provide an important reference for the potential clinical applications of cationic liposomes.

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Wang, Hao, Mingcong Niu, Tong Xue, Linhao Ma, Xiulian Gu, Guangcheng Wei, Fengqiao Li e Chunhua Wang. "Development of antibacterial peptides with efficient antibacterial activity, low toxicity, high membrane disruptive activity and a synergistic antibacterial effect". Journal of Materials Chemistry B 10, n. 11 (2022): 1858–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb02852a.

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Amphiphilic cationic antimicrobial lipopeptide LP21 self-assembles into spherical aggregates which are used as drug carriers to play synergistic antibacterial effects and the antibacterial mechanism involved is shown.

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Mi, Kun, Kaixiang Zhou, Lei Sun, Yixuan Hou, Wenjin Ma, Xiangyue Xu, Meixia Huo, Zhenli Liu e Lingli Huang. "Application of Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Model in Antimicrobial Resistance". Pharmaceutics 14, n. 2 (21 gennaio 2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020246.

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Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model is an essential tool to optimize dosage regimens and alleviate the emergence of resistance. The semi-mechanistic PK/PD model is a mathematical quantitative tool to capture the relationship between dose, exposure, and response, in terms of the mechanism. Understanding the different resistant mechanisms of bacteria to various antibacterials and presenting this as mathematical equations, the semi-mechanistic PK/PD model can capture and simulate the progress of bacterial growth and the variation in susceptibility. In this review, we outline the bacterial growth model and antibacterial effect model, including different resistant mechanisms, such as persisting resistance, adaptive resistance, and pre-existing resistance, of antibacterials against bacteria. The application of the semi-mechanistic PK/PD model, such as the determination of PK/PD breakpoints, combination therapy, and dosage optimization, are also summarized. Additionally, it is important to integrate the PD effect, such as the inoculum effect and host response, in order to develop a comprehensive mechanism model. In conclusion, with the semi-mechanistic PK/PD model, the dosage regimen can be reasonably determined, which can suppress bacterial growth and resistance development.

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Garg, Aakriti, Arti Singh e Anoop Kumar. "Selective estrogen receptor modulators against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: an experimental study". Future Microbiology 16, n. 13 (settembre 2021): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2020-0310.

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Aim: This study was conducted to explore the antibacterial potential of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Materials & methods: The percentage growth retardation, bacterial growth kinetics, biofilm, checkerboard and bacterial burden assays were conducted to check antibacterial potential of SERMs. Finally, docking study was also conducted to predict possible antibacterial mechanism of SERMs. Results: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown the antibacterial activity of SERMs against different tested strains of bacteria. The synergistic activity of SERMs in combination with standard antibacterial agents was also observed and tested further under in vivo conditions. In vivo results have shown decreased bacterial bioburden. Docking studies have predicted the multimodal antibacterial mechanism of SERMs. Conclusion: SERMs can be considered as promising broad-spectrum antibacterial agents.

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