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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 19 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

Li, Zhuang, Zhen Zheng, Da Tong Qiu, Li Zhe Guo, Xin Gao, Tao Yu e Zhao Hua Li. "Effect of Overaging Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Strength Multiphase Steel". Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (maggio 2014): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.249.

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Overaging after intercritical annealing of ultra-high strength multiphase steel was conducted in a continuous annealing simulator of the laboratory. The effect of overaging temperature on the mechanical properties of multiphase steel has been studied by observing the microstructural evolution during overaging. The results have shown that multiphase microstructures containing ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite were obtained by overaging treatments after intercritical annealing in ultra-high strength steel, and overaging temperatures affected all constituents of the microstructure. UTS and YS dereased with increasing overaging temperature, and TEL decreased after overaging at 350°C. A good combination of ultimate tensile strength (1400MPa), yield strength (795MPa), and total elongation (15%) was exhibited for the specimen overaged at 250°C. This was attributed to synthetic action of all constituents of ultra-high strength steel microstructure.

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2

Arruabarrena, Jon, e Jose M. Rodriguez-Ibabe. "Enhancement of the AISI 5140 Cold Heading Wire Steel Spheroidization by Adequate Control of the Initial As-Rolled Microstructure". Metals 11, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020219.

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The effect of the initial microstructure and soft annealing temperature on cementite spheroidization and microstructure softening is studied on an AISI 5140 hot-rolled wire. In coarse pearlite microstructure (λ: 0.27 μm), the cementite spheroidization progresses slowly under subcritical treatment, and the microstructure does not achieve the minimum G2/L2 IFI rating defined in the ASTM F2282 to be used in cold forming operations under any of the annealing treatment studies. Fine pearlite (λ: 0.10 μm) and upper bainite microstructures are more prone to spheroidization, and the minimum G2/L2 IFI rating is achieved under subcritical annealing at 720 °C for 6 h. Independent of the initial microstructure, even in the case of martensite, low hardness values within 165–195 HV are attained after imposing a 10 h long treatment at 720 °C. Annealing treatments conducted at 660 °C and 600 °C on pearlitic microstructures give rise to very poor softening. The G2/L2 rating is not achieved in any of the treatments applied at these two temperatures in this study. In pearlitic microstructures, the spheroidization progresses according to a fault migration mechanism, enhanced by the presence of defects such as lamella terminations, holes, and kinks. In the upper bainite, the row-like disposition of the cementite along the ferrite lath interface provides necks where dissolution and consequent lamellae break-up take place quickly under annealing.

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3

Scheriau, Stephan, Thomas Schöberl, Siegfried Kleber e Reinhard Pippan. "Recrystallization and Grain Growth Behavior of SPD Deformed 316L Stainless Steel". Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (gennaio 2010): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.491.

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The microstructural evolution, the changes in microhardness and the recrystallization behavior of a modified 316L stainless steel were investigated during high pressure torsion (HPT) and subsequent annealing. To study the impact of the governing process parameters on the evolving microstructures, the applied strain, the strain path and the annealing temperatures were varied. In contrast to ordinary single phase steels, which showed a decrease in the structural size ending in a saturation of the microstructural refinement between an equivalent strain eq of 10 and 15, HPT of the modified 316L results in a steep increase in shear stress at very small strains and the saturation region is reached far before eq = 10. Studies using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that at large strains the original coarse grains are converted by the massive intersection and fragmentation of twins into a nanometer-scaled microstructure. In the case of monotonic HPT, shock annealing of the deformed discs results in rows of fine and coarse grains. In the cyclic deformed discs a homogenous, fine-grained and almost fully recrystallized microstructure was observed. The results clearly show that both the strength and ductility of the material can be significantly influenced by SPD and subsequent annealing. Possible reasons for the observed differences in the deformation and annealing behavior are discussed.

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4

Sun, Yangyang, Hui Chang, Zhigang Fang, Yuecheng Dong, Zhenhua Dan, Yanhua Guo e Lian Zhou. "Study on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Cost Ti-Fe-B Alloy". MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 11029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032111029.

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Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of low cost Ti-2Fe-0.1B alloy under different heat treatment were studied. Results indicated that two kinds of equiaxed microstructures with different characteristics were obtained in conventional and double annealing, and typical lamellar microstructure was obtained in β annealing. Tensile test results shown that as-received rolled alloy possess highest strength and plasticity simultaneously due to fine and entangled microstructure. Uniform equiaxed dimples were observed in microstructure, which revealed ductile fracture morphology. Key words: titanium alloy; microstructure; heat treatment; mechanical properties

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5

Terada, Daisuke, Bo Long Li, Masaaki Sugiyama e Nobuhiro Tsuji. "Low Temperature Recrystallization of High Purity Iron Severely Deformed by ARB Process". Materials Science Forum 558-559 (ottobre 2007): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.558-559.357.

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Recrystallization behavior of SPD processed high purity iron was studied. The 99.95% iron sheet was deformed by the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process up to 8 cycles (equivalent strain of 6.4) at ambient temperature. Subsequently, the ARB-processed specimens were annealed for 1.8ks at various temperatures from 300°C to 500°C. The microstructures of these specimens were characterized by TEM and SEM/EBSP. The microstructure of the as-ARB-processed specimens showed the lamellar boundary structure elongated along RD, which was the typical microstructure of the ARB-processed materials. The mean interval of the lamellar boundaries was about 100 nm. After annealing at 400°C, the ARB specimen showed a partially recrystallized microstructure composed of equiaxed grains with grain size larger than 10 5m and the recovered lamellar boundary structure. After annealing above 500°C, the microstructures were filled with equiaxed recrystallized grains. These results suggest that conventional discontinuous recrystallization characterized by nucleation and growth occurs during annealing at annealing temperature above 400 °C. In previous work reported about the annealing behavior of the low carbon IF steel ARB processed, the continuous recrystallization occurred during annealing at annealing temperature above 600 °C. The recrystallization temperature of the pure iron was much lower than the IF steel and the recrystallization process were significantly different. This difference was suggested to be caused by inhomogeneous microstructure in the pure iron ARB-processed.

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6

Nasiri, Z., e H. Mirzadeh. "Spheroidization heat treatment and intercritical annealing of low carbon steel". Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 55, n. 3 (2019): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb180813033n.

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Spheroidization annealing of low carbon steel and its effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual phase (DP) steel were studied. It was revealed that the reduction in strength and hardness of the quenched martensitic microstructure was much more pronounced compared to the fully annealed ferritic-pearlitic banded microstructure with spheroidizing time. This was related to the confinement of spheroidized carbide particles to distinct bands in the latter, and the uniform dispersion of carbides and high-temperature tempering of martensite in the former. During intercritical annealing of the spheroidized microstructures, the tendency to obtain martensite particles as discrete islands was observed. This, in turn, resulted in an inferior strength-ductility balance compared to the DP steel obtained from the intercritical annealing of martensite, which negated the usefulness of the spheroidized microstructures as the initial microstructures for the processing of DP steels.

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7

Wu, Gui Lin. "Recrystallization Microstructure and Texture of Highly Strained Commercial Purity Aluminium Alloy". Materials Science Forum 783-786 (maggio 2014): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.282.

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The microstructural and textural evolutions during annealing of a highly strained (ε=4.0) commercial purity aluminium (AA1200) were followed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Boundary spacings were analyzed for crystallites of different crystallographic orientations. It was found that initially during the annealing the microstructural evolution is dominated by recovery of the highly strained microstructure, while later the microstructure consists of identifiable grains nucleating and growing at the expense of deformed and recovered matrix. No much texture change occursduring early stages of annealing, whereas a cube texture evolves and dominates after complete recrystallization.

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8

Liu, Mu Lin, Naoki Takata, Asuka Suzuki e Makoto Kobashi. "Inhomogeneous Microstructure and its Thermal Stability of AlSi10Mg Lattice Structure Manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion". Materials Science Forum 1016 (gennaio 2021): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.826.

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The inhomogeneous microstructure and its change by annealing for an AlSi10Mg lattice structure with a body-centered cubic unit cell additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were investigated. The as-built lattice structure exhibited a cellular microstructure consisting of a number of primary α-Al phases decorated with α-Al/Si eutectic structure. The developed microstructure varied depending on the locations of the node and strut parts of the lattice structure. At the location near the bottom surface of the node part, the cellular microstructure became coarser and more equiaxed than those at the location near the top surface. At the location near the bottom surface of the strut part, the columnar α-Al phases were often elongated along the direction of the strut part. After the annealing at 300 °C for 2 h, numerous Si particles finely precipitated within the primary α-Al phases and coarsening of the eutectic Si phases occurred. After the annealing at 530 °C for 6 h, the microstructural characteristics changed significantly. A significant coarsening of the Si particles and the formation of Fe-containing intermetallic phase (β-AlFeSi) with a plate-shaped morphology occurred. The microstructures became homogeneous in the whole area of the lattice structure annealed at 530 °C for 6 h.

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9

Yan, Bin, Hongbo Li, Jie Zhang e Ning Kong. "The Effect of Initial Annealing Microstructures on the Forming Characteristics of Ti–4Al–2V Titanium Alloy". Metals 9, n. 5 (17 maggio 2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9050576.

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In this study, the effect of initial annealing microstructure of Ti–4Al–2V (TA17) alloy on forming characteristic was studied, so as to provide a basis for quality control of plastic forming of titanium alloy parts. The titanium alloy always undergoes annealing treatment before forming, due to different microstructures present different mechanical properties. The TA17 with different microstructures are obtained by means of various annealing treatment temperatures. The tensile behavior of TA17 is investigated at room temperature and 900 °C under constant strain rate of 0.01 s−1. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties of TA17 are sensitive to the initial microstructure before deformation. The microstructure of TA17 at 850 °C (2 h) is the equiaxed primary α-phase after the annealing process. It exhibits good plasticity at room temperature. This phenomenon is also confirmed from fracture morphology from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. At 900 °C, which is a high tensile temperature, the alloy with equiaxed primary α-phase performs outstanding plasticity compared with other microstructures. This work establishes a good understanding on the relationship between the mechanical properties and microstructures of TA17 at a wide temperature range.

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Steineder, Katharina, Daniel Krizan, Reinhold Schneider, Coline Beal e Christof Sommitsch. "The Effects of Intercritical Annealing Temperature and Initial Microstructure on the Stability of Retained Austenite in a 0.1C-6Mn Steel". Materials Science Forum 879 (novembre 2016): 1847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.1847.

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The effects of the intercritical annealing temperature and initial microstructure on the stability of retained austenite were investigated for a 0.1C-6Mn (wt-%) steel. Medium-Mn transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) steels exhibit a strong dependence of their mechanical properties on the variation of intercritical annealing temperature. This behavior is strongly linked to the amount and stability of the retained austenite. Thus, interrupted tensile tests were used to examine the effect of annealing temperature on the stabilization of the retained austenite. Detailed microstructural investigations were employed to elaborate the effects of its chemical and mechanical stabilization. Furthermore, the final microstructure was varied by applying the batch annealing step to an initial non-deformed and deformed microstructure respectively. Retained austenite stability along with resulting mechanical properties of the investigated medium-Mn TRIP steel was significantly influenced as the amount and morphology of the respective phases altered as a consequence of both initial microstructure and applied intercritical annealing temperature.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

Thomas, Richard. "Microstructure development in multicomponent alloys". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242037.

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2

Ohlsson, Richard. "Variations in hardness and microstructure in cartridge cases at annealing". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68670.

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The thesis work is performed at Norma Precision AB, a company that manufactures ammunition for hunting and competitive shooting. Two types of cases called 300 Winchester Magnum and 308 Winchester are examined on how their hardness were prior to and after the two annealing’s of the neck they experience during the manufacturing. The cases vary in hardness and an investigation will be made to draw connections to the microstructure of the cases in order to understand the variations and possibly avoid the variations in the future. The cases were selected at different days, the 300 Winchester Magnum were chosen at three different days with some properties varying and the 308 Winchester were taken at two different days. At each day twenty cases were selected, five prior to the first neck annealing, five after the first neck annealing, five after the shaping and calibrating of the cases and the final five after the second neck annealing. The selected cases were first measured by a hardness test, where they were measured at 1mm, 3mm and 6mm from the nuzzle and five times around the case at each measurement. After that, the variations were analyzed and the two most varying cases from each day and step were taken into the laboratory at Karlstad University. In the laboratory, the cases were measured by a microhardness tester. The cases were measured at even distances between them all throughout the cases to make a hardness profile. The next step was to etch the cases and examine them in an optical microscope, where the grain size was measured in micrometer and ASTM. The results from the regular hardness measurements and the microhardness tests showed similar tendencies. Variations was found in each step and each day during both hardness measurements the two types of cases behaved similarly. The grain size results showed that after annealing, the grain size increased. Although there was no clear relation between grain size and hardness since the results varied, some cases with higher hardness had a smaller grain size than a case with lower hardness. Using the grain size of the brass could work to get an idea of the hardness, but to get a sincerer perception of the material properties, more properties needs to be investigated.
Examensarbetet är utfört hos Norma Precision, ett företag som tillverkar ammunition för viltjakt och för tävlingsskytte. Två sorters hylsor vid namn 300 Winchester Magnum samt 308 Winchester undersöks hur deras hårdhet är innan respektive efter de två mynningsglödgningar hylsorna genomgår under tillverkningen. Hylsorna varierar i hårdhet och en undersökning kommer göras för att dra kopplingar till hylsornas mikrostruktur för att få en förståelse av variationerna och eventuellt kunna undvika variationer i framtiden. Hylsorna valdes ut vid olika dagar, 300 Winchester Magnum togs vid tre olika tillfällen när olika egenskaper skiljde och 308 Winchester togs vid två tillfällen. Varje dag plockades tjugo hylsor ut, fem innan första mynningsglödgningen, fem efter den första mynningsglödgningen, fem efter formning och kalibrering av hylsorna samt fem efter den andra mynningsglödgningen. På de utplockade hylsorna gjordes först hårdhetstester, då de mättes vid 1mm, 3mm och 6mm ifrån mynningen och fem mätningar runt hylsan vid varje mättillfälle. Efter det analyserades resultaten och de två hylsor som varierade mest från varje dag och varje steg togs med till labbet på Karlstads Universitet. I labbet mättes hylsorna med en mikrohårdhetsmätare. Hylsorna mättes med jämna mellanrum genom hela hylsan för att skapa en hårdhetsprofil. Nästa steg var sedan att etsa hylsorna och undersöka dem i ett ljusmikroskop, där mätningar av kornstorlek i mikrometer och ASTM gjordes. Resultaten från den vanliga hårdhetsmätningen och från mikrohårdhetsmätningen visade liknande tendenser. Det upptäckes variationer i varje steg och varje dag i båda hårdhetsmätningarna och de två sorternas hylsor betedde sig likadant. Resultaten från kornstorleksmätningarna visade att efter glödgning ökade kornstorleken. Det fanns dock inget tydligt mellan kornstorlek och hårdhet då resultaten varierade, i vissa fall hade hylsorna med högre hårdhet en mindre kornstorlek än hylsor med lägre hårdhet. Att använda mässingens kornstorlek kan fungera för att få en övergripande bild av hårdheten, men för att få en bättre förståelse av materialegenskaperna behöver fler egenskaper undersökas.

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3

Kulakov, Mykola. "Microstructure evolution during intercritical annealing of a Mn-Cr dual-phase steel". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44695.

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Abstract (sommario):

A model was developed to describe the microstructure evolution during intercritical annealing of a low-carbon steel suitable for industrial production of dual-phase steels (DP600 grade) on a hot-dip galvanizing line. The microstructure evolution model consists of individual submodels for recrystallization, austenite formation in a fully recrystallized material and austenite decomposition after partial austenization. These submodels were developed using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov approach and the additivity principle. The model parameters were obtained based on the results of systematic experiments addressing the effects of initial microstructures and processing conditions on the microstructure evolution in the course of intercritical annealing. The initial microstructures included 50 pct cold-rolled ferrite-pearlite, ferrite-bainite-pearlite and martensite. If heating to an intercritical temperature was sufficiently slow, recrystallization was completed before austenite formation, otherwise austenite formed in a partially recrystallized microstructure. The recrystallization-austenite formation interaction accelerated austenization in all three starting microstructures by providing additional nucleation sites and enhancing growth rates; this complex process could not be accounted for with the current modelling approach. A variety of austenite morphologies was produced by using different initial microstructures and/or by means of the interaction of recrystallization and austenite formation. Following the complete intercritical annealing cycle, the final microstructure was composed of ferrite, bainite and martensite; the latter two components inherited the distribution and morphology of those for intercritical austenite. The microstructure evolution model was validated using simulated industrial thermal paths for intercritical annealing. Laser ultrasonics was employed for in-situ monitoring of phase transformations to facilitate the validation of the microstructure evolution model.

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4

Miszczyk, Magdalena Maria. "Microstructure and texture evolution during annealing of plane strain compressed fcc metals". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904405.

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The present research program is a renewed attempt at explaining the transformation mechanisms. The experimental investigations has focused on a model analysis of transformations which occur in single crystals, with stable orientations, i.e. Goss{110}<001> and brass{110}<112>, the deformation is carried out by channel-die compression to simulate the rolling process of thin sheets. Next, the samples were annealed at temperatures of primary recrystallization. The analysis of crystallographic transformations was conducted on metals from a wide spectrum of stacking fault energy: low - Cu-2%Al, average- Cu and Ni to high Al and Al-1%Mn. At work were analyzed the mechanisms controlling the initial stages of recrystallization. Detailed analysis of disorientation across the recrystallization front clearly showed that the initial grain orientations were not accidental. The axes of disorientation in the relationship across the front of recrystallization were near normal in {111} planes, but only sporadically covered with the <111> direction. The distribution of the recrystallization angle rotation in relation to the preferences presented through the formation of two maxima values near 30 ° and 45-55 °.

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5

Zhu, Benqiang. "Phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution in low-carbon steels during intercritical annealing". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52176.

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Intercritical annealing is used widely in the steel industry to produce advanced high strength steels for automotive applications, e.g. dual-phase steels. A phase-field model is develop to describe microstructure evolution during intercritical annealing of low-carbon steels. The phase-field model consists of individual sub-models for ferrite recrystallization, austenite formation and austenite to ferrite transformation. In particular, a Gibbs-energy dissipation model is coupled to the phase-field model to describe the effects of solutes on migration of austenite/ferrite interfaces. The model is applied to a low-carbon steel with a cold-rolled pearlite/ferrite microstructure suitable for industrial production of dual-phase steels (DP600 grade). The sub-model parameters, e.g. nucleation parameters and interface mobilities, are tuned using experimental data. The interaction of concurrent ferrite recrystallization and austenite formation is investigated using the developed model. The simulation results reveal that ferrite recrystallization can be inhibited by the pinning effect of austenite particles and concurrent ferrite recrystallization can lead to intragranular distribution of austenite in the final microstructure. The transition of austenite morphology from a network structure to a banded structure with increasing heating rates is replicated by the phase-field model. The model is validated using a simulated industrial intercritical-annealing cycle. Moreover, the developed phase-field model is used to describe cyclic phase transformations in the intercritical region for a plain-carbon steel and a manganese-alloyed low-carbon steel. The consideration of Gibbs-energy dissipation in the phase-field model rationalizes the existence of stagnant stages during cyclic phase transformations in the manganese-alloyed low-carbon steel. In summary, the developed model provides a single tool that is able to describe various physical phenomena occurring in an entire intercritical-annealing cycle. Phase-field modeling can be a promising approach for developing process models for advanced steels in the future.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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6

Cusick, Michael Christopher. "THE USE OF SELECTIVE ANNEALING FOR SUPERPLASTIC FORMING OF MG AZ31 ALLOY". UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/492.

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A recent study on the Post-Formed properties of Superplastically Formed Magnesium AZ31B has shown that the heating time prior to testing has a major effect on the Post Forming properties of the superplastically material. To this point, there has been very little examination into the effect of pre-heating or annealing on superplastic forming (SPF) properties. In this work, the effects of annealing prior to the SPF of Mg AZ31 alloy were examined. Both high temperature SPF tensile and bulge specimens were formed after annealing. Multiple annealing temperatures were examined to produce specimens with grain sizes ranging from 8 andamp;igrave;m to 15 andamp;igrave;m for comparison with traditional SPF results. The results show that the effect of annealing can be suitable for the improvement of thinning and possibly the forming time of superplastically formed Magnesium alloys through the control of the microstructure.

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7

Xu, Wanqiang Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Effect of initial microstructure on the deformation and annealing behaviour of low carbon steel". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26801.

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The effect of initial microstructures of an 0.05 wt.% C low carbon steel, acicular ferrite (AF), Bainite (B), polygonal ferrite (PF), fine polygonal ferrite (FPF), and a microstructure produced by direct strip casting (DSC) (termed SC), on the deformation and recrystallization behaviour of cold rolled low carbon (LC) steel, was investigated. The initially prepared samples with the initial microstructures were cold rolled to 50, 70 and 90% reductions, then annealed isothermally in the temperature range 580 ??? 680 oC. The microstructures and textures produced by deformation and annealing were studied by optical microscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM and EBSD. The initial microstructures were characterized mainly by optical microscopy and EBSD. Using EBSD, the ferrite grain size of the AF, B and SC samples was considerably larger than that found by optical microscopy with a large fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) observed within prior austenite grains. All samples exhibited a very weak texture close to random. After cold rolling, the microstructures of AF and SC contained shear bands with PF and FPF generating deformation bands. For AF and SC, the pearlite phase was more extensively elongated in rolling direction compared with PF and FPF. After 90% cold rolling reduction, PF, FPF and SC consist mainly of the texture component and AF and B . It was found that FPF recrystallized most rapidly followed by B, PF and AF with SC recrystallizing orders of magnitude more slowly due to the solution drag caused by its uniformly distributed higher Mn content. Very strong (???-fibre) texture was generated in cold rolled PF followed by FPF, with AF, SC and B generating very weak textures. The texture evolution during annealing 90% reduction PF was examined in further detail. The behaviour of nucleation and grain growth provides strong evidence of orientated nucleation as the dominant factor for CRA texture development in this material.

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8

Longanecker, Melanie J. "CONTROLLING THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND KINETICS OF BLOCK COPOLYMER SELF-ASSEMBLY BY DIRECT IMMERSION ANNEALING". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1509902596608426.

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9

Al-Buhamad, Oday Hatim Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Accumulative roll bonding of multilayered aluminium alloys". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Materials Science & Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44806.

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Multilayered aluminium alloy composites were produced by accumulative roll bonding (ARB) to very high strain to generate sheet materials consisting of either 32 or 64 alternating layers of Al and Al-0.3w.%Sc alloy. Based on the starting heat treatment condition of the Al(Sc) alloy and the roll bonding temperature, several different Al/Al(Sc) combinations were produced: (i) SSSS-ARB (Al(Sc) in the supersaturated condition; Tdef = 200 ???C; 32 layers); (ii) Aged-ARB (Al(Sc) in the artificially aged condition; Tdef = 200 ???C; 32 layers), and (iii) SSSS-ARB-HT (Al(Sc) in the SSSS condition; Tdef = 350 ???C; 64 layers). Regardless of the roll bonding conditions, Al(Sc) in the form of a dispersion of ultrafine Al3Sc particles strongly impedes structural changes during thermomechanical processing whereas Al readily undergoes extensive dynamic and static restoration. The major aim of the thesis is to understand the effect of initial microstructure and processing conditions on microstructural development in these multilayered Al/Al(Sc) composites. The microstructures were investigated mainly by backscatter electron (BSE) and ion channeling contrast (ICC) imaging in the DualBeam Platform and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) whereas the crystallographic nature of the microstructures were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and the various diffraction techniques available in the TEM. The mechanical properties of the materials were investigated by hardness and tensile testing. The deformation microstructure and texture of these two alloy combinations were strongly influenced by both the initial heat treatment condition of the Al(Sc) alloy whereby large-scale shear bands are generated during rolling when a dispersion of fine Al3Sc particles is present in the Al(Sc) layers. The deformation mechanism of both SSSS-ARB and Aged-ARB was strongly controlled by the relative hardening behaviour of adjacent layers. In Aged-ARB, a higher magnitude of in-plane shear stress, exceeding the flow stress of Al(Sc), was operative at the interfaces between layers; this was shown to cause the shear banding in this material. All materials were annealed for up to 6h at 350 ??C. This extended annealing generated alternating layers of coarse grains (Al layers) and a recovered substructure (Al(Sc) layers) with the substantial waviness of the layers in both Aged-ARB and SSSS-ARB-HT being inherited from the as-deformed material. While the Al(Sc) layers remain unrecrystallized in all materials due to particle pinning effects, the Al layers underwent continuous and discontinuous recrystallization after low and high temperature roll bonding, respectively. Shear banding in Aged-ARB also resulted in a reduction in intensity of the rolling texture components and had a randomizing effect on the recrystallization texture of the Al layers. The Al/A(Sc) multilayered composites were found to conform to the classic inverse strength/ductility relationship and no significant improvement in ductility (for a given strength) was evident. The barriers to achieving an excellent combination of ductility and strength (i.e. toughness) in these materials were identified to be delamination of the layers, which can be largely reduced (or eliminated) by careful control of starting materials (heat treatment condition and thickness) as well as the processing parameters during ARB.

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10

Porter, S. L. "Microstructure-mechanical property relationships during the thermomechnaical simulation and annealing of novel interstitial free steels". Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638555.

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Interstitial Free (IF) Steels are widely used in the automotive industry. Their excellent mechanical property characteristics, such as the high formability typified by high r_mean-values, low yield strength and high elongation make them very suitable for manufacturing into automotive body panels. However, their properties and microstructures are affected by their composition and processing conditions. This research program is focused on the optimisation of the properties of two Interstitial Free Steel Grades, an experimentally produced mild Ti-Nb IF Grade and a commercially produced high strength Ti-IF grade. The optimisation of the processing conditions is vital to the enhancement of obtained properties and is investigated in two parts within this research program. The first part will simulate the effect of variable hot rolling parameters on these two grades. This study will aim to investigate the effect of the finishing temperature, effect of run-out table cooling and coiling temperature, all of which are extremely important parameters within the hot mill and may have a significant effect on the microstructure and properties of the two grades. For this work the Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical system has been employed to simulate the hot rolling conditions. The second part will aim to simulate the effect of batch annealing sequences on cold rolled strips of these two grades. This shall aim to determine the optimum annealing conditions to obtain desirable properties on the studied grades. The work demonstrated the differences in microstructure and properties of the two grades investigated, with respect to the simulated processing parameters. It could be observed that the microstructures obtained on these two grades were indeed very different, with the microstructure of the high strength commercial Ti-IF grade consisting of mainly non-equilibrium ferritic and / or bainitic structures, while the microstructure of the mild experimental Ti-Nb IF Grade mainly consisting of recrystallised equiaxed ferrite. Testing of the batch annealed strips, revealed that the r_mean -values were very high for both steels, thus permitting a determination of the annealing temperature for which optimum strength and formability values could be obtained.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Effect of high temperature annealing on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of GaP doped SiGe. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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2

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Effect of high temperature annealing on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of GaP doped SiGe. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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3

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Sulfur impurities and the microstructure of alumina scales. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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4

Knorr, D. B. Proceedings From the Symposia Textures in Non-Metallic Materials and Microstructure and Texture Evolution During Annealing of Deformed Materials: A special ... Microstructures (Textures & Microstructures). Routledge, 1991.

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5

Hibbard, Glenn David. Microstructural evolution during annealing in nanostructured electrodeposits. 2002.

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6

Brooks, Charlie R. Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.phtpclas.9781627083539.

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Principles of the Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels provides readers with a working knowledge of heat treat processes and how they can be tailored to optimize the microstructure and properties of steel. The book includes chapters on quenching, tempering, austenitization, and annealing as well as hardenability, modeling, and common treatments for structural steels. The first few chapters lay essential groundwork for understanding how time, temperature, and prior processing history influence the formation of Fe-C phases and the composition and morphology of the microconstituents found in carbon and low alloy steels. The chapter on structural steels explains how deformation and thermal processing are used for the development and control of grain size and how carbon and manganese content influence toughness, hardness, and strength. The final chapter presents worked solutions to real-world problems related to hardenability, quenching, grain size, alloy content, treatment times and temperatures, and the determination of property ranges. The book includes an extensive amount of composition and property data, a glossary of terms, and outlines for various calculation methods. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-538-9, follow this link.

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7

Terheggen, Mathias. Microstructural changes in CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells during annealing with chlorine. 2003.

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8

Baba, Nor Bahiyah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Mohd Najib Muhamed, Faizul Che Pa, Rabiatul Manisah Mohamed e Muhammad Faheem Mohd Tahir. ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR TECHNOLOGISTS. 2024^a ed. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58915/bk2023.016.

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The book then delves into the specifics of ferrous metals, discussing their properties, classification, and various types of steel alloys. It explores the different heat treatment processes that can be employed to modify the properties of steel, such as annealing, quenching, and tempering. The emphasis is on understanding the microstructural changes that occur during heat treatment and their influence on mechanical properties like hardness, strength, and toughness. The subsequent chapters focus on non-ferrous metals, polymers, glass, and ceramic materials. Each of these material categories is discussed in terms of their properties, applications, and processing techniques. The book highlights the unique characteristics and advantages of each material type, as well as their limitations and considerations for engineering applications.

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9

Sztwiertnia, K. Application of Orientation Mapping in TEM and SEM for Study of Microstructural Evolution During Annealing - Example: Aluminum Alloy with Bimodal Particle Distribution. INTECH Open Access Publisher, 2012.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

Berman, T. D., W. Donlon, R. Decker, J. Huang, T. M. Pollock e J. W. Jones. "Microstructure Evolution in AZ61L During TTMP and Subsequent Annealing Treatments". In Magnesium Technology 2011, 599–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48223-1_110.

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2

Berman, T. D., W. Donlon, R. Decker, J. Huang, T. M. Pollock e J. W. Jones. "Microstructure Evolution in AZ61L During TTMP and Subsequent Annealing Treatments". In Magnesium Technology 2011, 599–603. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062029.ch110.

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3

Kestens, Leo A. I., Jai Gautam e Roumen Petrov. "Texture and Microstructure Evolution at the Metal-Vapour Interface During Transformation Annealing in a Mn and Al Alloyed Ultra Low Carbon Steel". In Microstructure and Texture in Steels, 103–9. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-454-6_6.

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4

Wang, Qi, Zhou Wang, Chengbing Wang e Junyan Zhang. "The Friction Property of Hydrogenated Carbon with Fullerene Microstructure after Annealing". In Advanced Tribology, 608–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03653-8_197.

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5

Cho, Jae Hyung, Shi Hoon Choi e Kyu Hwan Oh. "Texture and Microstructure Evolution of Gold Sheet during Deformation and Annealing". In Materials Science Forum, 165–70. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-443-x.165.

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6

Watanabe, Tadao, Sadahiro Tsurekawa, H. Fujii e T. Kanno. "The Control of Texture and Grain Boundary Microstructure by Magnetic Annealing". In Materials Science Forum, 1151–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-975-x.1151.

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7

Cho, Jae Hyung, Anthony D. Rollett e Kyu Hwan Oh. "The Microstructure Evolution of Copper and Gold Bonding Wires during Annealing". In Materials Science Forum, 399–404. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-434-0.399.

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8

Kambe, Shiro, Kohki Yamada, Shigetoshi Ohshima e Katsuro Okuyama. "Change in Microstructure of Bi2Sr1.8Ca1.2Cu2Oy by Yttrium, Lanthanum Substitution and Ar Annealing". In Advances in Superconductivity V, 349–51. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68305-6_76.

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9

Liao, Jia Xuan, En Qiu Li, Zhong Tian, Jiang Xu e Hai Guang Yang. "Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure of Barium Strontium Titanate Films". In High-Performance Ceramics V, 56–58. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-473-1.56.

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10

Li, Hua Long, Jong Tae Park e Jerzy A. Szpunar. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Texture and Microstructure Transformation during Annealing of Steel". In Solid State Phenomena, 83–87. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-39-6.83.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

Snitzer, John, Xiaoyuan Lou, Bingqiang Wei e Jian Wang. "Influence of Solution Annealing on Creep Behavior of Additively Manufactured 316H SS Using Microstructurally Graded Specimen". In AM-EPRI 2024, 994–1007. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2024p0994.

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Abstract Laser additive manufacturing (AM) is being considered by the nuclear industry to manufacture net- shape components for advanced reactors and micro reactors. Part-to-part and vendor-to-vendor variations in part quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties are common for additively manufactured components, attributing to the different processing conditions. This work demonstrates the use of microstructurally graded specimen as a high throughput means to establish the relationship between process-microstructure-creep properties. Through graded specimen manufacturing, multiple microstructures, correlated to the processing conditions, can be produced in a single specimen. The effects of a solution annealing heat treatment on the microstructure and creep properties of AM 316H are investigated in this work. Using digital image correlation (DIC), the creep strain can be calculated in these graded regions, allowing for multiple microstructures to be probed in a single creep test. The solution annealing heat treatment was not sufficient in recrystallization of the large, elongated grains in the AM material; however, it was sufficient in removing the cellular structure commonly found in AM processed alloys creating a network of subgrains in their place. The resulting changes in microstructure and mechanical properties are presented. The heat treatment was found to generally increase the minimum creep rate, reduce the minimum creep rate, and reduce the ductility. Significant amounts of grain boundary carbides and cavitation were observed.

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2

Steinbacher, Matthias, Rainer Fechte-Heinen e Gerrit Hellenbrandt. "Tempering Behavior of Low Alloy Case Hardening Steels with Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures". In IFHTSE 2024, 301–8. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0301.

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Abstract Increasing power density and rotational speed pose significant challenges for transmission design, especially in the aerospace and electro mobility sectors. Due to increased energy input and reduced heat dissipation, higher operating temperatures occur in high performance gears. At higher temperatures, the hardness and microstructure of conventional bearing and gear materials are affected by annealing effects, which can reduce the load capacity of these components. Therefore, increased operating temperatures can only be considered if the components are made of special heat-resistant, high-performance material systems. Heat treatment is essential to achieve the required performance. Today, high performance gears are typically case hardened to achieve the best performance in service. Due to the meta-stable properties of martensite and retained austenite, especially for low alloy case hardening steels, the microstructure can degrade in service if the temperature equals or exceeds the previous tempering. As a result, the hardness and performance of the components will decrease. Alternative steel grades with increased alloy content can mitigate but are in most cases more expensive. Therefore, an increase in temperature resistance through heat treatment of the low-alloy steels would be of increased interest. To achieve a more stable microstructure state, new heat treatments and alternative microstructures must be considered. This presentation will address the tempering behavior of martensitic and bainitic microstructures under long-term thermal stress above typical tempering conditions at 210 °C for up to 200 hours. The microstructure degradation and hardness change are shown.

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3

Yang, Deming, Yang Gao e Chengqi Sun. "Microstructure and Properties of Equiaxed 316L Stainless Steel Coating Deposited by LPPS". In ITSC2015, a cura di A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen e C. A. Widener. ASM International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2015p0831.

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Abstract The equiaxed microstructure of 316L stainless steel coating was successfully deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS), which was different from the lamellar microstructure prepared by other thermal spraying technologies. In this article, the effect of substrate temperature during deposition process and post annealing treatment on the lamellar – equiaxed microstructural transition were investigated. The results indicated that the homogeneous equiaxed grains without lamellar boundaries coatings were observed when the deposition temperature was about 900 °C. Completely lamellar microstructural coatings were deposited at the substrate temperature of about 300 °C, and the lamellar microstructure can transform to equiaxed microstructure after annealing treatment. The hardness of equiaxed coating was lower than lamellar coating.

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4

Wang, H. T., C. J. Li, G. J. Yang, C. X. Li, Q. Zhang e W. Y. Li. "Microstructural Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Nanostructured FeAl Intermetallic Compound Coating and its Ball-Milled Feedstock Powder". In ITSC2007, a cura di B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima e G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p0135.

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Abstract It is difficult to deposit dense intermetallic compound coatings by cold spraying directly using the compound feedstock powders due to their intrinsic low temperature brittleness. A method to prepare intermetallic compound coatings in-situ employing cold spraying was developed using a metastable alloy powder assisted with post-annealing. In this study, a nanostructured Fe/Al alloy powder was prepared by ball-milling process. The cold sprayed Fe/Al alloy coating was evolved in-situ to intermetallic compound coating through a post-annealing treatment. The microstructural evolution of the Fe-40Al powder during mechanical alloying and the effect of the post-annealing on the microstructure of the cold sprayed Fe(Al) coatings were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the milled Fe-40Al powder exhibits lamellar microstructure. The microstructure of the as-sprayed Fe(Al) coating depends significantly on that of the as-milled powder. The annealing temperature significantly influences the in-situ evolution of the intermetallic compound. The annealing treatment at a temperature of 500oC results in the complete transformation of Fe(Al) solid solution to FeAl intermetallic compound.

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5

Li, H., J. Lin, T. A. Dean, S. W. Wen e A. C. Bannister. "Modelling of Damage Reduction and Microstructure Evolution by Annealing". In 10TH ESAFORM CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL FORMING. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2729529.

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6

Luo, X. T., C. J. Li e G. J. Yang. "Effect of Annealing on Microstructure of Cold Sprayed C-BNp/NiCrAl Composite Coating". In ITSC2010, a cura di B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima e G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0352.

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Abstract C-BNp/NiCrAl composite coating was deposited by cold spraying using a mechanically alloyed composite powder. To modify coating microstructure, especially the bonding at the interfaces between c-BN particles and NiCrAl alloy matrix, and bonding at the sprayed particle/particle interface, annealing treatment at series of temperatures in Ar atmosphere was carried out. The results show that a zigzag interface layer is formed at the interface between c-BN particle and NiCrAl matrix after annealing at 825°C for 300 min through reaction of c-BN with NiCrAl. It is also observed that the thickness of the interface reaction layer increases with the increasing annealing temperature. Moreover, the interface between spray particles and the plastic deformation ability of the cermet coating can be improved through post-spray annealing. Vickers microhardness test shows that the hardness decreases with increasing annealing temperature due to the reduction of work hardening effect and grain growth of NiCrAl alloy matrix resulting from recovery and recrystallization during annealing treatment.

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Nakagawa, Kyuya, Shinri Tamiya, Shu Sakamoto, Gabsoo Do, Shinji Kono e Takaaki Ochiai. "Observation of microstructure change during freeze-drying by in-situ X-ray Computed Tomography". In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7642.

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X-ray computed tomography technique was used to observe microstructure formation during freeze-drying. A specially designed vacuum freeze-drying stage was equipped at the X-ray CT stage, and the frozen and dried microstructures of dextrin solutions were successfully observed. It was confirmed that the many parts of the pore microstructures formed as a replica of the original ice microstructures, whereas some parts formed as a consequence of the dehydration dependent on the relaxation level of the glassy phases, suggesting that the post-freezing annealing is advantageous for avoiding quality loss that relates to the structural deformation of glassy matters. Keywords: freeze-drying; X-ray CT; ice microstructure; glassy state

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8

Luo, X. T., e C. J. Li. "Thermal Stability of Microstructure and Hardness of Cold-Sprayed cBNp/NiCrAl Nanocomposite Coating". In ITSC2011, a cura di B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima e A. McDonald. DVS Media GmbH, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2011p1098.

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Abstract cBN/NiCrAl nanocomposite coating was deposited by cold spraying using mechanically alloyed composite powders. To examine the thermal stability of coating microstructure, the nanocomposite coating was annealed at different temperatures from 750 to 1000°C. The microstructure of composite coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the nanostructure was retained in the coating when the annealing temperature was lower than 825°C which is 0.7 times of the melting point of NiCrAl matrix. The dislocation density significantly reduced when annealing temperature was higher than 750°C. The cBN particle growth became significant when the annealing temperature was higher than 825°C. The effects of crystal grain refinement and work-hardening strengthening mechanisms were quantitatively estimated as the function of annealing temperature. The effect of annealing temperature on the contribution of different strengthening mechanisms to coating hardness was discussed.

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9

Yaqin Song, Reza Abbaspour, Muhannad S. Bakir e Suresh K. Sitaraman. "Thermal annealing effects on copper microstructure in Through-Silicon-Vias". In 2016 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2016.7517533.

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10

Li, W. C., S. Roberts e T. J. Balk. "Effects of annealing on microstructure of osmium-ruthenium thin films". In 2009 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference (IVEC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivelec.2009.5193510.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Annealing. microstructure"

1

Draper, S. L. Effect of high-temperature annealing on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of GaP doped SiGe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5798950.

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2

Kim, Myong. The effect of processing, deformation and annealing on the microstructure of Y sub 1 Ba sub 2 Cu sub 3 O sub 7 - sub. delta. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6837493.

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3

Caskey, Jr, G. R. Microstructural Changes Accompanying Annealing of Cold-Worked Uranium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804674.

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4

Barney, Monica Michele. Microstructural Coarsening during Thermomechanical Fatigue and Annealing of Micro Flip-Chip Solder Joints. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760289.

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