Tesi sul tema "Anisotropie de dilatation thermique"
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Béchade, Jean-Luc. "Texture et écrouissage de tôles en zircaloy-4 : évolutions en fonction des paramètres de laminage à froid : influence sur le comportement élastique, la dilatation thermique et l'anisotropie plastique". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2083.
Testo completoLahlou, Kassi Laïla. "Méthode interférométrique pour l'étude de la dilatation et des coefficients thermo-optiques de monocristaux anisotropes : application aux matériaux ONL". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10050.
Testo completoMouiya, Mossaab. "Thermomechanical properties of refractory materials, influence of the diffuse microcracking". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0066.
Testo completoRefractory materials are widely used in high-temperature applications but are not always prone to resist severe thermal shock. To address this problem, microstructure incorporating pre-existing microcracks are already well known to improve thermal shock resistance. Nevertheless, such damaged microstructure needs a better understanding to optimize their design without compromising material integrity. In such context, Aluminum Titanate (Al₂TiO₅, AT) exhibiting a great thermal expansion anisotropy, constitutes an ideal model system for creating a tailored microcracks network in order to improve flexibility and fracture behavior. This thesis investigates the thermomechanical properties of developed AT-based refractory materials, including polycrystalline AT and alumina/AT composites, with emphasis on the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties. In both materials, pre-existing microcracks play a key role on Young's modulus, thermal expansion behavior, tensile stress-strain response, fracture energy, and thus thermal shock resistance. A significant hysteretic effect on Young's modulus and thermal expansion as a function of temperature indicates microcracks closure-reopening mechanisms. Uniaxial tensile tests revealed nonlinear stress-strain laws, impacting fracture energy and thermal shock resistance. In particular, incremental tensile tests at 850 °C showed contrasting behaviors during heating and cooling, attributed to thermal history. Composite materials with AT inclusions (0 - 10 wt.%) embedded in an alumina matrix exhibit diffuse microcracking due to thermal expansion mismatch. These composites exhibited reduced Young's modulus, highly nonlinear stress-strain laws, and higher strain to rupture at room temperature. Thermal shock tests performed by the innovative ATHORNA device for all studied AT-based materials confirmed their resilience under high thermal gradients. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of future advanced refractory materials with improved thermal shock resistance
Alabarse, Frederico. "Amorphisation sous pression dans des aluminophosphates à coefficient de dilatation thermique négatif". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20237/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this study is to investigate pressure-induced amorphisation (PIA) in negative thermal expansion (NTE) aluminophosphates. The aluminophosphates AlPO4-17 and AlPO4-54 are of particular importance, the first exhibits the highest known degree of negative thermal expansion for an oxide and the second exhibits the largest pores known for zeolites with a diameter of 12 Å. These materials exhibit unusual behavior upon compression due to the softening of a large number of low frequency modes leading to pressure-induced amorphisation. The pressure-induced amorphisation in the exceptional NTE material AlPO4-17 was studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction. AlPO4-17 shows anomalous behavior under pressure with elastic instability and negative value of B0'. Anomalous compressibility behavior may be observed in other materials that exhibit strong NTE, indicating a link between these two physical properties due by low-energy lattice vibrations. The pressure-induced phase transition of the AlPO4-54 to AlPO4-8 and the consequent amorphisation of the final structure, was studied by X-ray diffraction in situ at high pressures. The freezing of nanoconfined water in the AlPO4-54•xH2O was studied by Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy experiments and were compared to Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Results shows that, at the pore surface, the adsorbed layer of water molecules had a crystal-like orientational order, in contrast, a cylindrical core of glassy water in the pore center is present due to the frustration arising from the curvature. The effect of H2O on the (PIA) of AlPO4-54•xH2O was studied by in situ X-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy under high pressures. Ex situ analysis were used to investigate the local structure of pressure-amorphized microporous AlPO4-54•xH2O by nuclear resonance magnetic and by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the synchrotron Soleil (beamline LUCIA) which shows that, upon increasing the pressure, two water molecules enters in the coordination sphere of IVAl, changing the coordination from 4- to 6-fold, which destabilizes the structure
Péron, Mael. "Mesure et modélisation des phénomènes de retraits anisotropes dans les matériaux composites durant leur mise en forme". Nantes, 2016. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=3eecb137-7a10-43b9-bc55-9ad8b87d3678.
Testo completoA fine thermo-chemo-mechanical modeling of the material behavior is necessary in order to predict composite parts final shape and properties. There are two options in order to feed these models: estimating the material effective properties thanks to the properties of its constituents, or directly measuring the composite material properties. At first, a multiphysics model of the thermosetting resins characterization device called PvTα was developed. It was validated compared to experimental results and suggested that temperature and degree of cure gradients had to be taken into account when measuring the resin bulk modulus. Then, asymptotic expansion homogenization method was used to model the heat transfers during the cure of composite materials. The upscaling possibility was discussed. This method was then applied to a linear elasticity model, allowing to estimate thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage tensors, as well as the mechanical properties evolution of a unidirectional material during cure. The coupling of these different physics was performed, leading to the prediction of the deformation of a part during cure. Finally, a new characterization device was developed. It allows for the simultaneous recording of the material deformations along two different directions, as well as the degree of cure and temperature. The first results are very promising and validated compared to other measurements and to numerical results from the homogenization method
Amri, Brahim. "Effet d'hystérésis de la dilatation thermique sur les contraintes résiduelles dues au soudage". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/146/1/AMRl_Brahim.pdf.
Testo completoDésilets, Jacques. "Anisotropie de l’information thermique : évaluation des effets et méthodes de correction". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7845.
Testo completoPrevost, Marie-Anne. "Etudes de nouvelles céramiques pour barrière thermique". Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809130.
Testo completoMartin, Bruno. "Étude de l'anisotropie de la conductivité thermique des superisolants". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10292.
Testo completoGaonach, Christine. "Dilatation thermique à basse température dans les conducteurs organiques à transfert de charge (TMTSF) ₂X". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112094.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a study of low temperature behaviour of the lattice of quasi-1D charge transfer organic conductors (TMTSF)2X. For this, we develop a capacitance technique for thermal expansion measurements, which provides a very good precision (10-8 for ∆2/2) on the variation of the lattice parameters along the stacking axis of TMTSF (tetramethyltetraselenofulvalene) molecules. The results obtained on the two compounds (TMTSF)2PF6 and (TMTSF)2ClO4 have been correlated to their physical, electronic and structural properties at low temperature. Especially: - in (TMTSF)2PF6 no anomaly was observed at the metal to magnetic insulator transition at ambient pressure. - In (TMTSF)2ClO4 an extra contraction of the lattice accompanies the anion ordering of ClO4-; this term is proportional to the square of the order parameter deduced from X-ray measurements. A phenomenological Ising 3D analysis (treated first in a mean field approximation and then in a Bethe approximation) has been developed and allows us to estimate quantitatively the physical parameters of the model such as the effective interaction between the ions, its variation with the a-axis lattice constant and the elastic constant at the system along this axis
Pelletant, Aurelien. "Elaboration de matériaux composites céramiques à faible coefficient de dilatation thermique pour des applications spatiales". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0018.
Testo completoHigh resolution satellite imagery from space optical systems is mainly limited by the mirror size and the mass of structures supporting the mirror. Nowadays, the development of light athermal systems is the major challenge to improve these optical systems. So, light materials having good mechanical properties (E/ρ3 > 10, σf > 100 MPa) and thermal stability (< 2.0e-6/K) are required. Within this context, our project consists in processing new ceramic composites by combining positive thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) materials having good mechanical properties (alumina or ceria doped zirconia) and negative TEC materials (zirconium tungstate or β-eucryptite) The processing of zirconium tungstate-based materials showed several decomposition and chemical reactions with some oxide matrix leading to its giving up. In the case of β-eucryptite, vermicular phenomenon occurs during sintering leading to the formation of intragranular porosity. Sintering parameters optimization can limit this porosity. The study of the thermal behavior of pure β-eucryptite materials shows that the very negative TEC results from microcracking, generated by the TEC anisotropy of its crystal lattice. This microcracking depends on the grain size and the aggregate size in the case of powder materials. Despite the fact that the TEC of its lattice (called intrinsic TE C equals to -0.4e-6/K) is very low, its bulk (or extrinsic) TEC can reach values until -10.9e-6/K according to the processing conditions. In this work, two strategies for developing composites were studied. The first one consists in decreasing the matrix TEC using an uncracked β-eucryptite powder (-0.4e-6/K) while the second one consists in elaborating near zero TEC materials from a microcracked β-eucryptite powder (-3.0e-6/K). When ceria-doped zirconia is used, ceria content must be adjusted in order to limit zirconia phase transformation. This transformation is driven by tensile stresses induced by the β-eucryptite and modifies the composite thermal behavior linearity. In both studied cases, dense composites show a modification of the β-eucryptite intrinsic TEC from -0.4e-6/K to more than +3.2e-6/K as a consequence of compressive stresses applied by the oxide matrix. An uncompleted densification of composites is required to relax these stresses. Taking into account these observations, several very low TEC composites were elaborated. However, the uncompleted densification of composites and the β-eucryptite microcracking greatly decrease the mechanical properties of these materials
Girard, Catherine. "Frottement intérieur d'origine thermique de composites à matrice base aluminium : étude expérimentale et simulation numérique". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0008.
Testo completoThe behaviour of the reinforcement - matrix interface and of the environment of the interface is an important parameter, from which the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (M. M. C. ) are derived. In order to study these behaviours, the inelastic properties of two M. M. Cs have been investigated : Al/12%vol. SiC and Al-7075/15%vol. SiC. The experimental approach has been undertaken by means of internal friction (J. F. ) measurements versus temperature during a variation of temperature at constant rate. This I. F. Is due to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion of matrix and particles. The main characteristics of the J. F. Spectra are as follows : (i) on cooling the sample, a broad large maximum of I. F. Is observed at law temperature (150-250K). (ii) IF is increased as the cooling rate and the oscillation period are increased; theses phenomena are induced by the presence of the particles. (iii) the IF depends on the micro yield stress of the matrix and on the thermal internal stress field. A mode is developed to describe the main properties of the phenomenon in terms of emission and movement of dislocations in the vincibility of the interface, that are assumed to be controlled by : (i) the evolution of the thermal stresses during the cooling of the sample and the mechanical stresses due to the pendulum oscillation, (ii) the critical shear stress opposing the motion of the dislocations. Then the IF is derived from the contribution of the dislocation movements to the inelastic strain over a period of oscillation. The role of the experimental parameters is investigated. A good agreement between simulated and experimental IF is found
Prevost, Marie-Anne. "ETUDE DE NOUVELLES CERAMIQUES POUR BARRIERE THERMIQUE". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809130.
Testo completoBensaid, Samir. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la modélisation électromagnétique et thermique des matériaux composites anisotropes". Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2107.
Testo completoThe carbon fibre composite materials cover a lot of manufacturing industries. To assemble parts of these composites several techniques are used. The technique using electromagnetic induction is very interesting; for his advantages such as the fast, without contact and localised transmission of energy to the assemblage interface. The goal of this thesis is to model in 3D, the induction heating of composite materials by taking into account of the anisotropy. Owing to the problem of the scale factor, these materials are replaced by homogeneous equivalent materials; so their electromagnetic and thermal properties are obtained either by using the homogenisation or experimental methods. In this work, to identifying the electric conductivity, one proposed an experimental method based on the impedance measurement. In addition, in our case, these materials are in the form of plate with very small thickness compared to the other dimensions. The shell elements associated to the nodal finite elements are then used. Two models have been developed, a monolayer anisotropic shell elements model applied to composites of unknown structures and a multi-layer model dedicated to the laminated composites with oriented structures. A confrontation between the simulation and experimental results (in induction heating) gave an acceptable difference. These models are applied to improve an industrial application of an induction assembly of composite materials
Villeneuve, Jean-François. "Étude de la dilatation thermique et du comportement thermomécanique en traction et torsion de quelques fibres céramiques monofilamentaires". Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10614.
Testo completoKamdem, Tagne Hervé Thierry Baillis Dominique. "Etude du transfert thermique dans les milieux poreux anisotropes application aux isolants thermiques en fibres de silice /". Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2009. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=kamdem_tagne.
Testo completoBurger, Nicolas. "Amélioration de la conductivité thermique des résines époxy par incorporation de charges conductrices". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0183/document.
Testo completoAerospace and Aeronautics applications require more and more high-performance technology. More specifically, in some advanced materials such as radiator panels in satellites, the heat dissipation is a real concern for engineers, in order to avoid any premature degradation or any other negative behavior of the material. Hence, improving the thermal conductivity of some satellite’s components has become an important issue. This PhD work helped us studying and understanding in details the heat transfer mechanisms by conduction. More precisely, some parameters, such as the influence of interfaces, the mean inter-particle distance or any modification in the linearity of a crystalline structure, were revealed to be pretty detrimental for improving the thermal conductivity. The dispersion state, fillers functionalizations or nanoparticles did not necessarily show an enhancement of the thermal conductivity, but could eventually impact on other properties, such as electrical conductivity. However, some intrinsic parameters of the filler, such as the particle’s size, the aspect ratio, the specific surface area, the crystallinity or the morphology of the filler, are essential to enhance the thermal conductivity of an epoxy-based material. This work allowed us to illustrate the complexity of the thermal conduction mechanisms, through the results obtained and the assumptions made in the following manuscript. Besides, in the context of this PhD work, the materials considered here are epoxy-based composites, widely used in satellites applications. The main objective of this work is therefore to improve the thermal conductivity of epoxy resins by incorporating thermally-conductive fillers. An original study is also proposed here, based on structured and aligned thermally-conductive fillers, in order to highlight the importance of the anisotropic aspect of thermal conductivity. Several fillers were then studied, revealing graphite and graphene as most interesting particles. The industrial objective of this PhD work has been amply achieved, through a thorough study of these particles
Thomas, Philippe. "Les cordiérites substituées aux alcalins : synthèse, expansion thermique et phénomènes ordre-désordre". Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO4011.
Testo completoZhou, Xing. "Etude par frottement intérieur du rôle des particules de silicium sur les propriétés d'inélasticité d'origine thermique de l'alliage Al-11,8% Si". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0032.
Testo completoIn order to study the behaviour of the interface between particles and matrix and of the environment of the interface, the low and high frequency inelastic properties of an Al - 11. 8%Si alloy containing large silicon particles have been investigated. The spectra of low frequency internal friction (I. F. ) vs temperature exhibit a broad poorly defined maximum situated around 240K on heating and 195K on cooling. Moreover, the I. F. Is increased over the whole temperature range 100 - 550K as the heating or cooling rate is increased, or the oscillation frequency of measurement is decreased. The analysis of the experimental results is focused on the contribution depended the temperature rate, that is shown to be linked with the internal stresses induced by the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) of the particles and the matrix. A model is outlined to describe the phenomenon in terms of emission or movement of dislocations that could be induced by the variation of thermal stresses during the I. F. Measurement. A linear dependence of I. F. On the temperature rate is derived from the model and this law appears to be approximately followed by the experimental data. The previous model is in agreement with the measurement of ultrasonic attenuation by the ultrasonic - low frequency stress coupling technique, which proves an increase of the dislocations density in the matrix following the thermal cycle at low temperature
Sabeur, Hassen. "Étude du comportement du béton à hautes températures : une nouvelle approche thermo-hydro-mécanique couplée pour la modélisation du fluage thermique transitoire". Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0303.
Testo completoThe knowledge of concrete structures under high temperatures is of great interest in nuclear engineering applications and in safety evaluation against fire in civil constructions. Furthermore, increasing recurrence of tunnel fires in Europe (Channel, Mont-Blanc, Great Belt Link, Tauern) resulting in damage of concrete causing heavy economical and human losses, have leaded to a renewed interest in the behaviour of concrete at accidental conditions of temperature. In fact, when concrete is exposed to high temperatures, this leads to an evaporation of the free water, a pore pressure built up and a heat and mass transfer into the concrete structure which cause an incompatibility between the expanding aggregates and the shrinkage cement past. This incompatibility leads to the material degradation and microcracking. These entire phenomena will influence the thermal, hygral and mechanical material proprieties of the concrete. Therefore, the need to design durable concrete structures requires a robust modeling of all the processes involved in the deformation and degradation mechanisms of the material and it becomes essential to consider their coupling. When concrete is under the effect of combined mechanical loads and high temperature distributions, it exhibits strains which are conventionally split to a set of additive components:• Stress-free components, referred to thermo-hygral strains, which include thermal expansion and hygral shrinkage due to both drying and dehydration. • Stress induced thermal strains which mainly consist in a temperature dependent elastic strain, a micro-cracking strain and an additional component, commonly referred to as transient creep. This additional component is generally related to the fact that physical transformations, such as drying and dehydration, are occurring under sustained stress fields, which lead to a rearrangement of the evolutionary microstructure and give rise to this macroscopically measured strain. In this study, a new approach for modeling the transient component of the induced thermal deformation under load is proposed in order to predict the concrete behavior when subjected to high temperatures with a concomitant applied load. This component is conventionally referred to as transient creep strain. In this approach, the transient creep strain is split in to a drying creep component and a newly introduced dehydration creep strain. The former is related to the evolution of the hygrometric state of the material, while the later is related to the material dehydration which results from the heating induced chemical transformations. Therefore, a dehydration variable is defined and then introduced as a driving variable of the transient creep for temperatures exceeding 105 °C. This thermo-hydro-damage model is implemented using a finite element code and numerical simulation are performed and compared to experimental results in order to assess the predictive ability of the proposed model
Kamdem, Tagne Hervé Thierry. "Etude du transfert thermique dans les milieux poreux anisotropes : application aux isolants thermiques en fibres de silice". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis reports our work on the modelling of steady state coup led conductivelrndiative heat transfer in plane anisotropie medium. We have been mainly interested in anisotropie fibrous medium with azimuthally symmetry with incident collimated radiative heat flux or with diffuse imposed temperatures boundaries conditions. The aims of this work are twofotd: (i) to madel the radiative heat transfer problem in an anisotropie medium by an equivalent model to an isotropie medium or/and to simplify the seatteting phase function of anisotropie medium by the use of isotropie or Henyey-Greenstein scattering phase fonctions; (ii) to study the applicability of the equivalent isotropie medium assumption in the identification of radiative properties of anisotropie fibrous medium and the relation between anisotropie radiatives properties and estimated isotropie radiative properties. Numerical analysis of radiative heat transfer through anisotropie fibrous medium shawn that anisotropie medium can be assumed an equivalent isotrop medium. Radiative models using isotropie or Henyey-Greeustein scattering function is sufficient to model radiative heat transfer in anisotropie medium with diffuse temperatures boundaries conditions if the equivalent isotropie radiative properties are weighted mean properties or if the simplified heat transt problem preserves the anisotropie properties of lhe medium. These conclusions ware validated from experimental thermal conductivity of fibrous glass medium. Numerical study of radiative heat transfer in fibrous media under collimated incidence also shows that the use equivalent isotropie medium assumption is applicable for the identification
Bourret, Julie. "Élaboration de céramiques alvéolaires à base de kaolin : propriétés thermiques et mécaniques". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/feab8bd8-27be-4c21-839a-aaaa32034cba/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4058.pdf.
Testo completoCandidate materials for thermal insulation combine a solid phase of low thermal conductivity (<1 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹) with a high pore volume fraction. This work concerns the preparation of ceramic foams exhibiting such characteristics using kaolin clay as the starting material. Processing involves a surfactant to stabilize the foam while remaining low cost and environmentally friendly. The properties of a clay-based material are sensitive to the orientation of the clay particles and, with thermal treatment, mineralogical transformations. Measurements of thermal conductivity and Young's modulus were made on textured kaolonite/muscovite samples obtained by extrusion, uniaxial or isostatic pressing and cut in different directions. An initial study revealed anisotropy at the macroscopic scale up to a factor of 3 related to the forming conditions and the amount of muscovite. However, with thermal treatment, this factor is progressively removed by transformations such as dehydroxylation and formation of mullite. In the last part, the pore volume fraction (Vp) was varied in the kaolin based foam by modifying the incorporated clay amount in the starting mixture. After thermal treatment at 1100̊ C, measurements of the thermal conductivity revealed a decrease from 0. 23 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹ at Vp=0. 57 to 0. 054 W. M⁻¹. K⁻¹ at Vp=0. 95 in close agreement to predictions by the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound, a cubic pore model and numerical simulation. The effective Young's modulus, obtained from mechanical compression tests, also decreases with pore volume fraction as described by Ashby's relation. However, the mechanical strengh was sufficient for handling even the more porous kaolin based foams
Berkouch, Réda. "Procédé d'assemblage de l'alumine avec l'alliage Titane-Zirconium-Molybdène : mode d'élaboration caractérisation et modélisation numérique de la jonction". Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0115.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to examine the feasibility to join massive ceramic and metal parts by the use of the experience acquired in the laboratory on the preoxidation process of the metal substrate, which has been successful in the case of plasma coatings on steels and nickel. We will find the bibliographic positioning of this study, then the reasons that led to interest in the assembly TZM / alumina and to choose the process of thermocompression. Then, the elaboration method is presented, and followed by a whole part devoted to the physicochemical characterization of the assemblies obtained, giving a particular place to the numerical simulation of the constraints, for those remaining in the assembly after its elaboration, and those appearing within when subjected to tensile stresses. Finally, it seemed interesting to append to the appendix the essential elements of a numerical study of the C35 / alumina steel assembly, which served to qualify the simulation method used in this work and which demonstrates the power of this method
Fradin, Jean-Pierre. "Application de la méthode des éléments de frontière au calcul des conductances dans le cadre du contrôle thermique des engins spatiaux". Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT2332.
Testo completoMenou, Abdellah. "Etude du comportement thermomécanique des bétons à haute température. : Approche multi échelles de l'endommagement thermique". Pau, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008986.
Testo completoThis research work deals within the framework of the study of durability when subjected ti hight temperature in case of fire. The aim of this study is to identify the elementary mechanisms leading the degradation of concretes at hight temperature. Adopted step consists to uncoupling the thermal damage, of mechanical origin (accompanied with deformations) and which takes place in the macrocospic and tiny scale, of the thermal damage of physical and chemical origin (not accompanied with deformations) and which is due mainly to the physical and chemical alterations in material. This approach is based on the exploitation of two different models ; the "Digital Concrete" microscopic model and the macroscopic damage deviatoric model MODEV, both implemented in the F. E. Software SYMPHONIE. Concurrently, an experimental study was achieved in order to feed and to validatez the "Digital Concrete" model. The evolution of mechanical characteristics of concrete was studied using multi-scale approach and three point bending tests were performed on five cementeous materials. Multi-scales approach of the model "Digital Concrete" allowed to find by simulation the experimental warmly behaviour. This approach allowed to put in evidence the existence of the micromechanical deformation and to propose an original approach allowing identification by simulation the laws concretes behaviour at hight temperatures. This approach was also applied successfully to explain the thermoapplication refractory concrete subjected to very hight temperatures was also realized
Lux, Jérôme. "Comportement thermique macroscopique de milieux fibreux réels anisotropes : étude basée sur l'analyse d'images tridimensionnelles". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00366280.
Testo completoGibert, Benoit. "Etude expérimentale de la diffusion thermique dans les monocristaux d'olivine et dans les roches du manteau supérieur". Montpellier 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007214.
Testo completoChater, Rabah. "Etude des antimonites MeSb 2 O 4 à basse température : évolution structurale, thermodynamique, propriétés élastiques et magnétiques anisotropes ; modélisation". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066219.
Testo completoRavach, Gwennola. "Etude structurale, magnétique et thermique de rubans amorphes Fe-Tr-B (Tr, Nd, Ho, Dy) à anisotropie magnétique aléatoire". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES056.
Testo completoMENOU, Abdellah. "Etude du comprtement thermomécanique des bétons à haute température: Approche multi échelles de l'endommagement thermique". Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008986.
Testo completoGrosjean, Catherine. "Anisotropie de comportement en fluage thermique de tubes gaine et de tubes guide en alliages de Zirconium. Développements expérimentaux et résultats". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT019G.
Testo completoFuel rods and cladding tubes in zirconium are essential structural parts of Pressurized Water Reactors. There are submitted in service to aggressive environment (vapour at ~320°C, 155 bars, and irradiation) and to multiaxial mechanical loadings leading to thermal creep which has to be quantified. The present work aims to determine the effects of 3 parameters on the mechanical behaviour of different zirconium alloys: the loading path, the metallurgical state (stress-relieved, recrystallized) and the chemical composition. The first step to take was to develop a new device adapted to different geometries of tubes, and to validate it by comparing experimental results obtained upon the stress-relieved Zircaloy 4 to bibliographical results. Second, a large database has been constituted on the M5® in order to highlight the effects of an overloading or of cycling on the circumferential stress, and of the loading path (application of the axial then the circumferential stress, or the contrary or proportional loading). Then by comparing the behaviour of the recrystallized and the stress-relieved Zircaloys 4, the effects of the metallurgical state on this hexagonal alloy on the creep behaviour have also been studied. Lastly, the effects of oxygen, stain and iron have been quantified due to 5 other alloys (M5® low and high oxygen, Q12, Q32 and Q42). The last step of this work corresponds to the model of the macroscopic behaviour of 2 alloys (M5® and Zircaloy 4) with isotropic and anisotropic criteria to prove the necessity of developing a new and strong model adapted to highly anisotropic alloys like Zirconium alloys
Upasen, Settakorn. "Stabilité chimique et structurale de pérovskites céramiques de conductrice protoniques pour piles à combustible et électrolyseurs". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066270/document.
Testo completoThe chemical and structural stability of well-densified ceramics potentially used as H2/air fuelcell/electrolyzer (and perhaps in CO2/Hydrocabons Converter) electrolyte or electrodes vs. CO2-free/saturated pressurized water has been studied. The pressurization maximizes the efficiency of theenergy conversion systems. Four types of pervoskite-related oxide ceramics were concerned:BaCe0.4Zr0.5Y0.1Zn0.04O3-d (BCZYZ), SrZr0.9Er0.1O3-d (SZE), Ln2NiO4+d (LNO, Ln = La, Pr, Nd), andLa0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF6428). Dense ceramic samples were exposed at 550°C to water vaporpressure in an autoclave for days to weeks. The protonation treatments were performed in twodifferent conditions: operating condition (£20 bar of CO2-free water pressure, 550°C) and acceleratedaging conditions (³40 bar of CO2-free/CO2-saturated water pressure, 550°C). The pristine and‘protonated’ samples were characterized using various analysis techniques: Optical Microscopy,Thermogravimetry, Thermal Expansion, (micro/macro) ATR FTIR, Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-rayand Neutron Scattering. The study reveals that under the operating condition (£20 bar), the stability ofLNO/LSCF6428 electrode materials and of SZE electrolyte appears good, while the BCZYZelectrolyte exhibit significant corrosion. The superior stability of LSFC6428 exposed in extreme CO2-water vapor atmosphere was demonstrated about 5 to 30 times better than LNO and SZE homologues.The surface secondary phases form at the grain boundary. The protonation modifies more or less thestructure symmetry, the unit-cell volume/parameter and the phase transition sequence in relation withthe modification of the oxygen vacancy distribution. The proton doping level for different samples isalso discussed
Cardinali, Vanessa. "Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/61/31/85/PDF/Doctorat_CardinaliVanessa.pdf.
Testo completoIn solid-state lasers, heat generation in gain medium can introduce wave-front distorsions. The goal of my thesis is to measure thermo-optic coefficients (thermal conductivity, thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT and thermal expansion coefficient) of new laser materials allowing reaching high energy with high repetition rate. These laser materials are ytterbium doped ceramics of sesquioxides of scandium Sc2O3, lutetium Lu2O3 and yttrium Y2O3. These materials have also been tested in a free running laser oscillator: these experiments have shown the interest to work at low temperature. When driven at low temperature (cryogenic cooling), thermal properties of these materials are improved. Thermo-optical values of these materials are actually unknown in the literature, especially at low temperatures. Therefore, measuring these parameters is very important for the development of high-power lasers. Other materials have also been studied: ytterbium doped ceramics and crystals of YAG, crystals of calcium fluoride CaF2 and neodymium doped phosphate laser glass
Cardinali, Vanessa. "Matériaux lasers dopés à l'ion ytterbium : Performances lasers en pompage par diodes lasers et étude des propriétés thermo-optiques à des températures cryogéniques". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00613185.
Testo completoTiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036.
Testo completoFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Bensaid, Samir. "CONTRIBUTION A LA CARACTERISATION ET A LA MODELISATION ELECTROMAGNETIQUE ET THERMIQUE DES MATERIAUX COMPOSITES ANISOTROPES". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424804.
Testo completoOsterstock, Frédéric. "Vers la prédiction de l'apparition de réseaux de fissures en fatigue thermique : influence des paramètres microstructuraux sur la dispersion à l'amorçage". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECLI0007.
Testo completoKurz, Britta. "Modélisation de l'anisotropie directionnelle de la température de surface : application au cas de milieux forestiers et urbains". Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/609/.
Testo completoThe variability of the surface temperatures resulting from the coupling between energy and radiative transfers within canopies is prone to induce a strong directional anisotropy of measurements in the thermal infrared (TIR). A modelling approach developed for complex canopies is described. It is based on the combination of 3D models providing the information about the distribution of the elements of the canopy seen by the sensor, with transfer models computing the surface temperatures of the facets. The aggregation of radiances allows one to derive the directional temperature and the anisotropy by subtracting the nadir temperature. Two canopies are studied: a stand of maritime pine (in Landes de Gascogne, SW France) and a urban area (Toulouse city studied in the framework of the CAPITOUL experiment). For the forest canopy, a simplified 3D model concentrating all the foliage within cylinders is associated to a parametric model of hot spot which allows one to take into account the microscale effects related to needles and to their spatial distribution. The MuSICA model (developed at INRA) provides the temperatures of the crowns and herbaceous underneath layer at the ground. For the urban canopy, the SOLENE model (developed at CERMA, Nantes ) and the TEB model (developed at Météo France) are combined with the 3D model of Toulouse to simulate the TIR anisotropy both in daytime and nightime conditions. The simulations are compared against airborne measurements of anisotropy. For daytime conditions, the hot spot effects are satisfactorily reproduced with however a 15% underestimation, while the nightime directional anisotropy over the urban canopy is correctly simulated. The results are discussed and improvements proposed
Diz, Jésus. "Evaluation à l'aide de modèles des paramètres structuraux importants pour la prévision du comportement élastique, de dilatation thermique et de la croissance sous irradiation d'alliages de zirconium polycristallin". Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Diz.Jesus.SMZ9227.pdf.
Testo completoOne of the aims of this work was to identify, through the study of elastic and thermal expansion properties, the main parameters necessary for a satisfactory modelling of deformation properties, which show some analogies in their mathematical formulation. Thus we developed and tested various modelling of these behaviors for hexagonal materials. Our study of the influence of some metallurgical parameters on the physical properties of zirconium alloys led us to the following conclusions. Some parameters play an equally important influence on properties as different as elasticity, thermal expansion and irradiation growth. So, we have verified that the crystallographic texture plays a key role in performing such predictions. Secondly, we have observed that other metallurgical parameters such as the grain size, the chemical composition and internal stresses are more or less important according to the investigated property. In the case of irradiation growth a complete model, taking all these parameters into account, is not available today. It is nevertheless possible, according to the metallurgical state of the studied material and for a given chemical composition, to perform qualitative and even quantitative predictions
Béchade, Jean-Luc. "Texture et écrouissage de tôles en zircaloy-4 : évolutions en fonction des paramètres de laminage à froid, influence sur le comportement élastique, la dilatation thermique et l'anisotropie plastique /". Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35726089q.
Testo completoDIZ, JESUS Humbert Michel. "EVALUATION A L'AIDE DE MODELES DES PARAMETRES STRUCTURAUX IMPORTANTS POUR LA PREVISION DU COMPORTEMENT ELASTIQUE, DE DILATATION THERMIQUE ET DE LA CROISSANCE SOUS IRRADIATION D'ALLIAGES DE ZIRCONIUM POLYCRISTALLIN /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1992/Diz.Jesus.SMZ9227.pdf.
Testo completoTiennot, Mathilde. "Influence des propriétés physico-mécaniques des minéraux argileux dans l'altération de la pierre monumentale". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066036/document.
Testo completoFlaking is a deterioration pattern widely observed on monumental stone heritage. This pattern is due to the initiation and propagation of a crack subparallel to the surface of the stone exposed to natural weathering. This research aims to better understand the alteration mechanisms and to determine the parameters involved in such crack initiation within monumental stones. A fracture mechanics approach is proposed and the influence of clay minerals on this detachment alteration is discussed. The research is carried out on three stones, a molasse, a sandstone and a kersantite, showing scaling effect when submitted to natural conditions. Their hydromechanical behaviour is studied with respect to their natural anisotropy. Elastic properties, tensile strength and toughness are measured after saturation, at various RH values during humidification and drying, and after several cycles. Wave propagation combined with dilatation measurements is used to follow damage during the RH variations cycles. The influence of clay minerals on alteration processes is verified. These phases are critical factors of stone degradation as they are weakness planes leading to damage and cracking, especially generated by their swelling
Agrapart, Quentin. "Bilan d’énergie au contact et contribution de la thermomécanique sur la dynamique d’interaction aube - revêtement abradable de turboréacteur aéronautique". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I033.
Testo completoThis thesis adresses the industrial problem of blade-tip / abradable coating interaction in aircraft engine leading to divergent dynamic response of blades. Even if it is well known that the dynamic behavior of the structure plays a key role on the divergence, wear and heating seem necessary to amplify vibratory motion leading to blade damage. In this multi-physic context the aim of this work is to provide explanations on the origins of the divergence by introducing thermomechanical phenomena. The work is divided in 2 parts. First, an energy balance at the rubbing contact is established through experimental analysis of interactions on a simplified test rig, coupled with inverse simulation models for heat flows estimation. The proposed method highlights different energy partitions between the blade and the abradable coating depending of the activation of different wear mechanisms. On the other hand, a thermomecanical strategy is developed for the simulation of blade-abradable rubbing events taking account of specific issues : different time scales between thermal and mechanical phenomena, generation and partition of heat flows at the interface, contact resolution, wear effects, thermal expansion and complex boundary conditions. Several divergent cases are investigated on the basis of comparison with experimental results available on compressor. It is shown that thermomechanical effects are sometimes overriding or conversely relegated to a more distant role, depending on the initial conditions of interaction. The competition of phenomena acting upon contact (thermal expansions, wear, etc.) is clearly demonstrated and certain aspects remain open to perspectives
Coret, Laurent. "Impact de l'hétérogénéité de surface sur le signal en entrée d'un capteur infrarouge thermique : prise en compte de l'aspect directionnel". École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0012.
Testo completoPradere, Christophe. "Caractérisation thermique et thermomécanique de fibres de carbone et céramique à très haute température". Phd thesis, Bordeaux, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001547.
Testo completoBourgue, Emmanuelle. "Effets des volatils CO2 et H2O sur les propriétés rhéologiques des magmas". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GLOB0006.
Testo completoChamroune, Nabil. "Matériaux composites Aluminium/Carbone : architecture spécifique et propriétés thermiques adaptatives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0140/document.
Testo completoMany carbon/metal composites are currently used in several applications. One of them concerns their use as heat sinks in microelectronics. Concerning this application, two conditions are required: a high thermal conductivity (TC) in order to evacuate the heat generated by the electronic chip and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) similar to the used material type of the electronic device (2-8×10-6 /K).Therefore, graphite flakes (GF; TC: 1000 W/m.K and CTE: -1×10-6 /K in the graphite plane) reinforced aluminum matrix (Al; TC: 217 W/m.K and CTE: 25×10-6 /K) composites were fabricated. These composite materials were fabricated by Powder Metallurgy (PM) and Flake Powder Metallurgy (FPM). This process, which consist to use a flattened metallic powder, helped to improve the in-plane orientation (perpendicular to the pressure direction) of GF under uniaxial pressure. Moreover, this process provided a better Al-C interface thanks to a planar contact between the matrix and the reinforcements. This resulted in an improvement of the CT from 400 W/m.K to 450 W/m.K for a reinforcement content of 50 vol.%. Nevertheless, regarding thermal dilation, CTEs of 21.8×10-6 /K and 21.7×10-6 /K were obtained by MP and FPM respectively, which is incompatible with the intended application.To overcome this problem, composite materials with multiple reinforcement were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering. Then, carbon fibers (CF) have been added to aluminum and graphite flakes. The addition of CF to GF reinforcement reduced significantly the CTE of the Al/(GF+CF) composites with a small proportion of CF, while preserving a high TC. In addition, the Al/(GF+FC) composite materials have significantly lower CTEs than the Al/CF composites with a equivalent vol.% of CF. Therefore, Al/(GF+CF) composite materials were developed by solid-liquid phase sintering to obtain a TC of 400 W/m.K (comparable to the TC of copper) and a CTE of 8×10-6 /K (comparable to the CTE of alumina). In addition, the lightweight of aluminum gives composite materials Al/C a low density (d = 2.4 g/cm3). Therefore, the composite materials developed in this study are promising as a lightweight heat sink in microelectronic industries
Tavman, Ismail H. "Contribution a l'etude de l'anisotropie thermique des polymeres en fonction de leur orientation moleculaire". Paris, ENSAM, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENAM0014.
Testo completoDupuy, Diane. "Comportement thermomécanique de composites réfractaires oxyde-carbone". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0108.
Testo completoThe present thesis aimed at investigating the relationships existing between the microstructure of alumina-carbon refractories used in steel continuous casting and their thermomechanical properties. The work realized here fall within a composite approach, by determining thermomechanical properties of the single constituents of the materials and analyzing then the properties of the heterogeneous composites. Different systems of double scale model materials, constituted of graphite and alumina aggregates in one hand, and of carbon matrix loaded with fine alumina grains on the other hand were studied here. The carbon bond of these materials resulting from pyrolysis of phenolic resin, the thermomechanical properties of the elaborated model materials were analyzed both during and after the pyrolysis heating treatment. The properties evolutions of the cured samples during the pyrolysis highlighted a slight damage during the end of heating and important damage during cooling, due to a thermal expansion mismatch between the alumina grains and the resin/carbon bond. The influence of the thermal damage has been investigated thanks to tensile tests on the pyrolyzed materials, which exhibit a rather strong non-linear behavior. Relationships between volume fraction and physical key-properties of the materials have been established. Besides, the obtained results highlighted that a small change in composition can drastically change the thermomechanical properties of these materials. This overall study on model materials allowed to develop some ideas in order to improve industrial compositions
Souhar, Youssef. "Caractérisation thermique de matériaux anisotropes à hautes températures". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL029N/document.
Testo completoThe study concerns the thermal characterization at high temperatures of anisotropic materials whose thermal diffusivity varies according to the direction considered. This measurement of diffusivity is allowed by the observation of the transient variations of temperature of a material subjected to a heat pulse source. The excitation is performed by a Laser and the temperature measurement is carried out by infrared thermography on the opposite face of the thermal excitation. The temperature field thus obtained makes it possible to determine the three diffusivities of the material according to its directions of anisotropy. Indeed, thanks to integral transforms of the temperature field, it is possible to obtain a theoretical model describing the temperature variations within the material. The estimates of diffusivities are then obtained by the minimization of the sum of squared residuals between the theoretical models and their experimental equivalents. These are problems of nonlinear optimization and the estimations are carried out in the spatial frequency domain and in time thanks to a numerical inversion of Laplace. Based on optical devices this method is non-intrusive and thanks to the use of analytical models the estimations are fast and accurate even at high temperatures. The method and the new experimental facility make it possible to estimate the three thermal diffusivities in a single experiment and this for excitations of any shape in space and not necessarily Dirac’s delta function in time