Bibliografie tematiche / Animal communication

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Animal communication"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 3 marzo 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Animal communication"

WAAL, FRANS B. M. "Animal Communication". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1000, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2006): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1280.006.

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Kaplan, Gisela. "Animal communication". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 5, n. 6 (8 ottobre 2014): 661–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1321.

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AHMED, Khalid Ahmed Hassan. "INTERSECTIONAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN ANIMAL COMMUNICATION". International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 03, n. 03 (1 giugno 2021): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.3-3.9.

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This study aims at reviewing a bulk of related studies, and some verses from the Holly Qur'an in order to discover some mysteries of human animal communication. We believe that the majority of the previous studies concern themselves with human attempts to teach human speech to animals. There are a lot of mysteries that surround human animal communication. Furthermore, there are some intersections between human and animals’ ways of interaction. We believe that human speech is one of the most amazing human properties; at the same time, we believe that animals have very advanced ways of communication. However, humans and animals have the access to be involved in interaction and communications with each other and with other species of animals. Our mere observations could maintain this hypothesis of joined human animal communications. This study is an attempt to establish a theoretical framework on which humans and animals can interact and communicate jointly among themselves and other types of animals as well. To process the study some of the related studies will be outlined, discussed and analyzed, and then they will be correlated with the findings of the selected Holly Qur’an verses. Out of these studies some assumptions will be outlined in order to be treated through the discussion, results and recommendations for further studies..

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Reed, Lauren P. "Animal Communication Networks". Condor 108, n. 2 (2006): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[485:acn]2.0.co;2.

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Kulick, Don. "Human–Animal Communication". Annual Review of Anthropology 46, n. 1 (23 ottobre 2017): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041723.

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Reed, Lauren P. "Animal Communication Networks". Condor 108, n. 2 (1 maggio 2006): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.2.485.

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Holopainen, Jarmo K. "Plant–animal communication". Annals of Botany 111, n. 2 (12 dicembre 2012): vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs273.

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SIMON, M. "Animal communication: Do animals mean what they say?" Journal of Social and Biological Systems 9, n. 4 (ottobre 1986): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1750(86)90242-3.

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Schutten, Julie Kalil. "Perspectives on human-animal communication: internatural communication". Environmental Communication 9, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2015): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.1002242.

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Ravignani, Andrea, e Koen de Reus. "Modelling Animal Interactive Rhythms in Communication". Evolutionary Bioinformatics 15 (gennaio 2019): 117693431882355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176934318823558.

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Time is one crucial dimension conveying information in animal communication. Evolution has shaped animals’ nervous systems to produce signals with temporal properties fitting their socio-ecological niches. Many quantitative models of mechanisms underlying rhythmic behaviour exist, spanning insects, crustaceans, birds, amphibians, and mammals. However, these computational and mathematical models are often presented in isolation. Here, we provide an overview of the main mathematical models employed in the study of animal rhythmic communication among conspecifics. After presenting basic definitions and mathematical formalisms, we discuss each individual model. These computational models are then compared using simulated data to uncover similarities and key differences in the underlying mechanisms found across species. Our review of the empirical literature is admittedly limited. We stress the need of using comparative computer simulations – both before and after animal experiments – to better understand animal timing in interaction. We hope this article will serve as a potential first step towards a common computational framework to describe temporal interactions in animals, including humans.

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Tesi sul tema "Animal communication"

Tago, Pacheco Damian. "Essays in Animal Health Economics and Risk Communication". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10002/document.

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Cette thèse est un effort pour améliorer la façon dont l'analyse économique est menée dans les domaines de la santé animale (chapitres 1 et 2) et la communication des risques (chapitre 3). Le chapitre 1 vise à évaluer les coûts de la politique de restriction de mouvement (MRP) au cours de l'épidémie de BTV-8 2006 en France pour les producteurs de broutards (veaux 6- 9 mois charolais sevrés (BWC)). Les producteurs de BWC représentent un secteur important de l'industrie de la viande bovine française et ils peuvent être gravement touchés par les restrictions de mouvement. Le change dans le nombre de BWC vendu lies aux restrictions de mouvement est estimé en utilisant une approche « matching » multidimensionnelle, et l'effet économique de la MRP est évalué en fonction de plusieurs scénarios qui décrivent les contraintes de capacité de fermes, le coût d'alimentation, et le prix de vente de l'animal. Les coûts associés à cette politique sont la motivation pour le chapitre 2, dans lequel le comportement stratégique des agriculteurs est incorporé dans un modèle épidémiologique Susceptible-Infectés au niveau de la ferme, tels que le MRP peut déclencher des ventes prématurées par des fermes à haut risque qui réduit significativement l'efficacité de la politique. Dans la propagation d'une maladie infectieuse, les revendeurs et les marchés de bétail fonctionnent comme des amplificateurs depuis: 1) ils sont impliqués dans des activités commerciales presque chaque semaine; 2) ils ont des transactions avec un grand nombre d'exploitations. Un raisonnement similaire est utilisé dans un cadre très différent, celui de la communication des risques. Dans le chapitre 3, un modèle utilisant des outils de réseaux sociaux est introduit pour analyser l'efficacité de différentes stratégies de communication des risques tenant en compte des contraintes budgétaires. À la fin du chapitre, les avantages de ciblage spécifique sont illustrés par rapport à les risques sanitaires de la consommation d'eau du robinet à Nogales, AZ
This thesis is an effort to improve the way economic analysis is conducted in the fields of animal health (chapters 1 and 2) and risk communication (chapter 3). Chapter 1 aims at evaluating the costs of the movement restriction policy (MRP) during the 2006 BTV-8 epidemic in France for the producers of 6- 9 month old charolais beef weaned calves (BWC). The producers of BWC represent an important sector of the French beef industry and they can be severely affected by movement standstills. The change in the number of BWC sold that was due to the movement restrictions is estimated using a multivariate matching approach, and the economic effect of the MRP is evaluated based on several scenarios that describe farms’ capacity constraints, feeding prices, and the animal’s selling price. The costs associated to such policy are the motivation for chapter 2, in which the strategic behavior of farmers is incorporated into a susceptible-infected epidemiologic model at the farm-level, such that the MRP can trigger premature sales of high-risk farms that significantly reduce the efficacy of the policy. In the spread of an infectious disease, dealers and livestock markets work as amplifiers since: 1) they are involved in trading activities almost every single week; 2) they have transactions with a large number of farms. A similar reasoning is used in a very different framework, the one of risk communication. In chapter 3, a model using social network tools is introduced to analyze the effectiveness of different risk communication strategies under budget constraints. At the end of the chapter the benefits of specific targeting are illustrated by an application to the health risks of consuming tap water in Nogales, AZ

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Oliphant, Michael. "Formal approaches to innate and learned communication : laying the foundation for language /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9820887.

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Bashaw, Meredith J. "Social behavior and communication in a herd of captive giraffe". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180020/unrestricted/bashaw%5Fmeredith%5Fj%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Burt, John Michael. "Birdsong communication and perception : field and laboratory studies /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9129.

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Padilla, de la Torre Monica. "Mother-offspring vocal communication and temperament in cattle". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2013. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13389/.

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Very little is known about cattle vocalizations. The few studies available in the literature have been conducted using animals under stress or very intensive husbandry conditions. Similarly, the individual consistency of behaviour in cattle has rarely been considered except in applied studies of constrained and isolated animals, and no previous research has attempted to address a possible association between vocal communication and temperament in cattle. The studies reported here address these gaps in our knowledge. I found that cattle contact calls have acoustic characteristics that give them individualized distinctiveness, in both adult cows and calves. These results were confirmed using playback experiments, where I found that there is bidirectional mother-offspring recognition, as has been recorded in other “weak hider” ungulates. Additionally, using visual and acoustic stimuli, I assessed individual cattle temperament. The results showed that there was no individual behavioural consistency in responses to a novel object presentations. However, calves behaved consistently more boldly than cows. Furthermore, there was significant individual consistency in responses to vocalisations of heterospecifics, when they were played back through a speaker in the field. Surprisingly, no correlations were found between the ability of cattle to identify their own mother/offspring and the acoustic features of their vocalisations, or behavioural responses in any other context. There were, however, significant correlations between one characteristic of vocalisations in adult cows (formant spacing) and the boldness of behavioural responses to both novel objects and auditory stimuli. Additionally, higher F0 in calf contact vocalizations correlated with boldness in the auditory stimuli experiment. These relationships imply that vocalisations may encode information about individual temperament, something which has rarely been documented. Surprisingly, no strong correlations were found between the behavioural responses to visual and acoustic stimuli, suggesting that individual consistency in behaviour across contexts was limited, and that behavioural plasticity could play an important role in determining responses in different environmental contexts. Overall, my results contribute to our knowledge of animal communication in mammals from a bioacoustic point of view, and they are also potentially relevant to studies of vocalizations as indicators of cattle welfare.

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Cartmill, Erica A. "Gestural communication in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii) : a cognitive approach /". St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/634.

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Lee, Ben. "The role of intercellular communication in follicular development /". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60550.

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Although the gonadotropins are necessary for follicular development, the spatio-temporal specific differentiation of the constituent granulosa cells and the process of selection for ovulation may be regulated by other intrafollicular mechanisms. Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication between granulosa cells has been previously reported and may play a role in spatio-temporal differentiation and/or follicular selection. In order to elucidate the function of intercellular communication in follicular development, granulosa cell cultures were treated with agents known to disrupt gap junctions (uncouplers): the retinoids and the alkanols. Retinoic acid, heptanol annd octanol inhibited the expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) receptors and the accumulation of progesterone in the culture. The expression of LH receptors and the production of progesterone are crucial follicular functions. Thus, the inhibition of these functions by uncouplers provides the first evidence that the establishment of gap junctional communication may be an integral component in follicular development.

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Cook, Michelle Elizabeth. "Environmental and social factors influence communications used during crayfish agonistic interactions". Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1212431269.

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Noble, Jason. "The evolution of animal communication systems : questions of function examined through simulation". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/265236/.

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Simulated evolution is used as a tool for investigating the selective pressures that have influenced the design of animal signalling systems. The biological literature on communication is first reviewed: central concepts such as the handicap principle and the view of signalling as manipulation are discussed. The equation of “biological function” with “adaptive value” is then defended, along with a workable definition of communication. Evolutionary simulation models are advocated as a way of testing the coherence of a given theory. Contra some ALife enthusiasts, simulations are not alternate worlds worthy of independent study; in fact they fit naturally into a Quinean picture of scientific knowledge as a web of modifiable propositions. Existing simulation work on the evolution of communication is reviewed: much of it consists of simple proofs of concept that fail to make connections with existing theory. A particular model (MacLennan & Burghardt, 1994) of the evolution of referential communication in a co-operative context is replicated and critiqued in detail. Evolutionary simulations are then presented that cover a range of ecological scenarios; the first is a general model of food- and alarm-calling. In such situations signallers and receivers can have common or conflicting interests; the model allows us to test the idea that a conflict of interests will lead to an arms race of ever more costly signals, whereas common interests will result in signals that are as cheap as possible. The second model is concerned with communication during aggressive interactions. Many animals use signals to settle contests, thus avoiding the costs associated with fighting. Conventional game-theoretic results suggest that the signalling of aggression or of strength will not be evolutionarily stable unless it is physically unfakeable, but some recent models imply that cost-free, arbitrary signals can be reliable indicators of both intent and ability. The simulation, which features continuous-time perception of the opponent’s strategy, is an attempt to settle the question. The third model deals with sexual signalling, i.e., elaborate displays that are designed to persuade members of the opposite sex to mate. The results clarify the question of whether such displays are the pointless result of runaway sexual selection, or whether they function as honest and costly indicators of genetic quality. The models predict the evolution of reliable communication in a surprisingly narrow range of circumstances; a serious gap remains between these predictions and the ethological data. Future directions for simulation work are discussed.

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Jeannin, Sarah. "La relation homme-animal : étude de la communication vocale adressée au chien". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100172/document.

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Lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leur chien beaucoup de propriétaires ont une modalité vocale particulière : le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie. Ce registre de communication ressemble beaucoup à celui utilisé par les parents lorsqu’ils s’adressent à leurs nourrissons. Ce qui suggère des soubassements communs. Ces deux registres partagent des caractéristiques qui les distinguent du discours adressé à l’adulte, comme une fréquence fondamentale plus élevée et une modulation plus importante. Une série d’expériences réalisées à l’Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, nous a permis d’étudier comment le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie intervient dans l’interaction homme-chien. Le premier chapitre montre que les caractéristiques acoustiques et verbales du discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie varient en fonction du contexte de l’interaction. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse à la manière dont le chien traite l’information vocale humaine, nos résultats suggèrent de manière générale un biais en faveur de l’hémisphère droit. Le troisième chapitre indique que le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie augmente significativement l’attention du chien. Ce phénomène n’est pas perçu par les observateurs humains comme le montre le quatrième chapitre. A travers l’ensemble de ces études, essentiellement centrées sur le discours adressé à l’animal de compagnie, nous mettons en lumière la complexité de la communication homme-chien
When addressing their dogs, owners often use a special speech register called pet-directed-speech. This communication modality is very similar to infant-directed-speech used by parents when speaking to young children, which suggests common bases. These two types of speech share characteristics that differ from those of adult-directed-speech, such as a higher fundamental frequency and greater modulations. A series of experiments carried out at the National Veterinary School of Alfort allowed us to explore how pet-directed-speech occurs in the human-dog interaction. The first chapter shows that acoustic and verbal features of pet-directed-speech vary according to the interaction context. The second chapter aims to highlight how dogs process human vocal information; overall, our results reveal a right hemispheric advantage. The third chapter indicates that pet-directed-speech increases significantly dogs’ attentional state. This phenomenon is not perceived by human observers, as it is shown in chapter four. Together, these studies which mainly focused on pet-directed-speech bring to light the complexity of the human-dog communication

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Libri sul tema "Animal communication"

McDonnell, Janet. Animal communication. [Chanhassen, MN]: Child's World, 1998.

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Tomecek, Steve. Animal communication. New York: Chelsea House, 2009.

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Ganeri, Anita. Animal communication. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2004.

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Ganeri, Anita. Animal communication. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2004.

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McDonnell, Janet. Animal communication. Elgin, IL: Child's World, 1989.

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Stegmann, Ulrich, a cura di. Animal Communication Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139003551.

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Hopp, Steven L., Michael J. Owren e Christopher S. Evans, a cura di. Animal Acoustic Communication. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76220-8.

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Schaefer, H. Martin. Plant-animal communication. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Megela, Simmons Andrea, Popper Arthur N e Fay Richard R, a cura di. Acoustic communication. New York: Springer, 2003.

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1948-, Vehrencamp Sandra Lee, a cura di. Principles of animal communication. 2^a ed. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates, 2011.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Animal communication"

Malim, Tony, Ann Birch e Sheila Hayward. "Animal Communication". In Comparative Psychology, 121–58. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13776-3_4.

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Canoy, Marcel. "Animal Communication". In Equilibrium, Markets and Dynamics, 155–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56131-3_11.

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Malim, Tony, e Ann Birch. "Animal communication". In Introductory Psychology, 372–94. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14186-9_21.

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Hughes, Jennifer. "Animal communication". In Introducing Linguistics, 495–503. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003045571-35.

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McConnell, Brian S. "Animal Communication". In Astronomers' Universe, 53–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74845-6_3.

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Andrews, Kristin. "Communication". In The Animal Mind, 136–71. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203712511-7.

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Sandry, Eleanor. "Human-Animal Communication". In Robots and Communication, 31–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137468376_3.

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Horn, Andrew G. "Speech Acts and Animal Signals". In Communication, 347–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1745-4_11.

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Dawkins, Marian Stamp, e Tim Guilford. "Conspicuousness and Diversity in Animal Signals". In Communication, 55–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1745-4_3.

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Billings, Alexis C., e Daniel T. Blumstein. "Communication". In Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1665-1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Animal communication"

FISCHER, JULIA, e KURT HAMMERSCHMIDT. "INFORMATION AND INFLUENCE IN ANIMAL COMMUNICATION". In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814295222_0017.

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Shetgaonkar, Anay Anil, e Vinayak N. Shet Principal. "Smart animal repeller". In 2017 International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecds.2017.8390070.

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Golan, Yoav, Amir Shapiro, Ilana Nisky, Ben Serota e Oren Shriki. "Dogs Can Understand Haptic Communication". In ACI'19: Sixth International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3371049.3371066.

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French, Fiona, Ilyena Hirskyj-Douglas e Heli Väätäjä. "Designing Technologies for Playful Interspecies Communication". In ACI'2020: Seventh International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3446002.3446003.

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Alcaidinho, Joelle, Giancarlo Valentin, Gregory D. Abowd e Melody Jackson. "Training collar-sensed gestures for canine communication". In ACI '16: Third International Conference on Animal-Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2995257.3012020.

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Joshi, Apurva, I. Naga VishnuKanth, Navkar Samdaria, Sumit Bagla e Prabhat Ranjan. "GPS-less animal tracking system". In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Wireless Communication and Sensor Networks (WCSN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcsn.2008.4772694.

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Datta, Arunashish, Upinder Kaur, Victor Malacco, Mayukh Nath, Baibhab Chatterjee, Shawn S. Donkin, Richard M. Voyles e Shreyas Sen. "In-body to Out-of-body Communication Channel Modeling for Ruminant Animals for Smart Animal Agriculture". In 2021 43rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc46164.2021.9629743.

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Dhulekar, Pravin A., Sanjay T. Gandhe, Ganesh R. Bagad e Sudhanshu S. Dwivedi. "Vision Based Technique for Animal Detection". In 2018 International Conference on Advances in Communication and Computing Technology (ICACCT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacct.2018.8529660.

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Medvedeva, Ekaterina. "Linguosemiotic Analysis Of Spanish Animal Riddles". In Topical Issues of Linguistics and Teaching Methods in Business and Professional Communication. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.02.76.

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Afzaal, Hamra, Zafar Iqbal, Tahreem Saeed e Nazir Ahmad Zafar. "Animal protection algorithm and formal modeling using WSANs". In 2017 International Conference on Communication Technologies (ComTech). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comtech.2017.8065759.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Animal communication"

Au, Whitlow W., e Beth Howard. Third International Conference on Acoustic Communication by Animals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599285.

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Gordoncillo, Mary Joy N., Ronello C. Abila e Gregorio Torres. The Contributions of STANDZ Initiative to Dog Rabies Elimination in South-East Asia. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), gennaio 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2789.

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A Grant Agreement between the Government of Australia and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ), initiative includes a rabies component with an overarching intended outcome of reducing dog rabies incidence in targeted areas. This initiative envisaged regional rabies activities in South-East Asia as well as specifically designed pilot projects in the Philippines, Myanmar and Cambodia. While remaining anchored to the envisioned outcome, its implementation from 2013 to 2016 also leveraged on the resources made available through the initiative to strategically generate tools, materials and examples that can potentially bridge long-standing gaps on dog rabies elimination in the region. This included developing approaches on rabies communication strategy, risk-based approach for the prioritization of mass dog vaccination, rabies case investigation, post-vaccination monitoring, building capacity through pilot vaccination projects, One Health operationalization at the grass-root level, and reinforcing high-level political support through regional and national rabies strategy development. These are briefly described in this paper and are also further detailed in a series of publications which individually document these approaches for future utility of the countries in the region, or wherever these may be deemed fitting. The STANDZ rabies initiative leaves behind a legacy of materials and mechanisms that can potentially contribute in strategically addressing rabies in the region and in achieving the global vision of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030.

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Abbas, Syed, Soha Karam, Megan Schmidt-Sane e Jennifer Palmer. Social Considerations for Monkeypox Response. Institute of Development Studies, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.021.

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Given the health, social, and economic upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is understandable anxiety about another virus, monkeypox, quickly emerging in many countries around the world. In West and Central Africa, where the disease has been endemic for several decades, monkeypox transmission in people usually happens in short, controllable chains of infection after contact with infected animal reservoirs. Recent monkeypox infections have been identified in non-endemic regions, with most occurring through longer chains of human-to-human spread in people without a history of contact with animals or travel to endemic regions. These seemingly different patterns of disease have prompted public health investigation. However, ending chains of monkeypox transmission requires a better understanding of the social, ecological and scientific interconnections between endemic and non-endemic areas. In this set of companion briefs, we lay out social considerations from previous examples of disease emergence to reflect on 1) the range of response strategies available to control monkeypox, and 2) specific considerations for monkeypox risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). We aim for these briefs to be used by public health practitioners and advisors involved in developing responses to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, particularly in non-endemic countries. This brief on social considerations for monkeypox response was written by Syed Abbas (IDS), Soha Karam (Anthrologica), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), and Jennifer Palmer (LSHTM), with contributions from Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). The brief was reviewed by Boghuma Titanji (Emory University School of Medicine). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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Schmidt-Sane, Megan, Syed Abbas, Soha Karam e Jennifer Palmer. RCCE Strategies for Monkeypox Response. SSHAP, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.020.

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Given the health, social, and economic upheavals of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is understandable anxiety about another virus, monkeypox, quickly emerging in many countries around the world. In West and Central Africa, where the disease has been endemic for several decades, monkeypox transmission in humans usually occurs in short, controllable chains of infection after contact with infected animal reservoirs. Recent monkeypox infections have been identified in non-endemic regions, with most occurring through longer chains of human-to-human spread in people without a history of contact with animals or travel to endemic regions. These seemingly different patterns of disease have prompted public health investigation. However, ending chains of monkeypox transmission requires a better understanding of the social, ecological and scientific interconnections between endemic and non-endemic areas. This brief is intended to be read in conjunction with the companion brief entitled ‘Social Considerations for Monkeypox Response’.1 In this set of briefs, we lay out social considerations from previous examples of disease emergence to reflect on 1) the range of response strategies available to control monkeypox, and 2) specific considerations for monkeypox risk communication and community engagement (RCCE). These briefs are intended to be used by public health practitioners and advisors involved in developing responses to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak, particularly in non-endemic countries. This brief on RCCE strategies for monkeypox response was written by Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Syed Abbas (IDS), Soha Karam (Anthrologica), and Jennifer Palmer (LSHTM), with contributions from Hayley MacGregor (IDS), Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica), and Annie Wilkinson (IDS). It was reviewed by Will Nutland (The Love Tank CIC/PrEPster) and was edited by Victoria Haldane (Anthrologica). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, febbraio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.

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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.

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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien e Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.

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One Health Joint Plan of Action (2022-2026) - Working together for the health of humans, animals, plants and the environment. FAO, UNEP, WHO, and WOAH, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/9789295121430.

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Following the 27th Tripartite Annual Executive Meeting, the FAO Programme Committee in its 130th session, March 2021, requested the joint development, by the Tripartite (FAO/WHO/WOAH) and others, of a strategy and action plan to prevent future zoonotic pandemics through the One Health approach. The One Health Joint Plan of Action (OH JPA) is intended to guide the four organizations of the Quadripartite to work together on One Health with the aim of supporting their Members to build One Health capacities. It provides a framework for action and proposes a set of activities that the four organizations can offer together to enable countries to advance and scale up One Health in managing human, animal, plant and environment health threats. The framework uses a One Health approach to strengthen collaboration, communication, advocacy, and coordination equally across all sectors responsible for addressing health concerns at the human-animal-plant-environment interface.

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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, gennaio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7206794.aphis.

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The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is a world leader in providing science-based solutions to complex issues of wildlife damage management. As the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, NWRC work with WS operational staff to provide Federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, livestock, human health and safety (including wildlife diseases), invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. NWRC is committed to finding nonlethal solutions to reduce wildlife damage to agricultural crops, aquaculture, and natural resources. As part of WS' strategic plan to improve the coexistence of people and wildlife, NWRC has identified four strategic program goals: (1) developing methods, (2) providing wildlife services, (3) valuing and investing in people, and (4) enhancing information and communication. WS is dedicated to helping meet the wildlife damage management needs of the United States by building on NWRC's strengths in these four key areas. This annual research highlights report is structured around these programs goals.

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Microbiology in the 21st Century: Where Are We and Where Are We Going? American Society for Microbiology, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.5sept.2003.

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The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium September 5–7, 2003, in Charleston, South Carolina to discuss the central importance of microbes to life on earth, directions microbiology research will take in the 21st century, and ways to foster public literacy in this important field. Discussions centered on: the impact of microbes on the health of the planet and its inhabitants; the fundamental significance of microbiology to the study of all life forms; research challenges faced by microbiologists and the barriers to meeting those challenges; the need to integrate microbiology into school and university curricula; and public microbial literacy. This is an exciting time for microbiology. We are becoming increasingly aware that microbes are the basis of the biosphere. They are the ancestors of all living things and the support system for all other forms of life. Paradoxically, certain microbes pose a threat to human health and to the health of plants and animals. As the foundation of the biosphere and major determinants of human health, microbes claim a primary, fundamental role in life on earth. Hence, the study of microbes is pivotal to the study of all living things, and microbiology is essential for the study and understanding of all life on this planet. Microbiology research is changing rapidly. The field has been impacted by events that shape public perceptions of microbes, such as the emergence of globally significant diseases, threats of bioterrorism, increasing failure of formerly effective antibiotics and therapies to treat microbial diseases, and events that contaminate food on a large scale. Microbial research is taking advantage of the technological advancements that have opened new fields of inquiry, particularly in genomics. Basic areas of biological complexity, such as infectious diseases and the engineering of designer microbes for the benefit of society, are especially ripe areas for significant advancement. Overall, emphasis has increased in recent years on the evolution and ecology of microorganisms. Studies are focusing on the linkages between microbes and their phylogenetic origins and between microbes and their habitats. Increasingly, researchers are striving to join together the results of their work, moving to an integration of biological phenomena at all levels. While many areas of the microbiological sciences are ripe for exploration, microbiology must overcome a number of technological hurdles before it can fully accomplish its potential. We are at a unique time when the confluence of technological advances and the explosion of knowledge of microbial diversity will enable significant advances in microbiology, and in biology in general, over the next decade. To make the best progress, microbiology must reach across traditional departmental boundaries and integrate the expertise of scientists in other disciplines. Microbiologists are becoming increasingly aware of the need to harness the vast computing power available and apply it to better advantage in research. Current methods for curating research materials and data should be rethought and revamped. Finally, new facilities should be developed to house powerful research equipment and make it available, on a regional basis, to scientists who might otherwise lack access to the expensive tools of modern biology. It is not enough to accomplish cutting-edge research. We must also educate the children and college students of today, as they will be the researchers of tomorrow. Since microbiology provides exceptional teaching tools and is of pivotal importance to understanding biology, science education in schools should be refocused to include microbiology lessons and lab exercises. At the undergraduate level, a thorough knowledge of microbiology should be made a part of the core curriculum for life science majors. Since issues that deal with microbes have a direct bearing on the human condition, it is critical that the public-at-large become better grounded in the basics of microbiology. Public literacy campaigns must identify the issues to be conveyed and the best avenues for communicating those messages. Decision-makers at federal, state, local, and community levels should be made more aware of the ways that microbiology impacts human life and the ways school curricula could be improved to include valuable lessons in microbial science.

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