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1
Young, Allison Marie. "Liberalization and regulation of the movement of service suppliers, comparing the provisions for labour mobility in the General Agreement on Trade Services, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and the European Union". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ66674.pdf.
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2
Sauriol-Nadeau, Isabelle. "Building or stumbling, blocks anyhow: a comparative approach of regional labour mobility frameworks towards global solutions". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29712.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While concessions to labour mobility at the international level seem off the agenda, with the General Agreements on Trades in Services essentially tabled, the past decades have produced a proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs), some of which are facilitating labour mobility specifically. In this paper, the author first conducts a comparative overview of RTAs that have a form of labour mobility programmes: namely, ECOWAS, ASEAN, the European Union, NAFTA, CARICOM and MERCOSUR. Building on an overview of the regulatory frameworks, institutions and legal instruments of these RTAs, the author seeks to find if patterns or lessons to be learned emerge that are relevant from a global perspective and to enhance the legal architecture of international labour mobility. The findings show positive outcomes, with some RTAs generating trade benefits and even moving forward with a common passport based on the newly shared regional identity, and at times even creating dispute settlement and legal systems for regional litigious matters. On the other hand, this exercise also points to various problems such as the poor implementation of the labour mobility provisions, to overly strict restrictions based on skill and to difficulty securing documents to benefit from the labour mobility programmes - in some of the agreements. In the second part, the author discusses these challenges faced in these regional systems. She notes that prioritising skilled as opposed to low-skilled workers has not yielded a comparative advantage and may also be fostering irregular movements. She also highlights that trade liabilities emerge from the association of countries with similar levels of development and that it accentuates the North-South paradigm. These problems disrupt access to the benefits of the programmes, which ultimately creates irregular migrations and uneven labour standards for migrant workers. Finally, the author finds that most RTAs reviewed are developing their own legal frameworks with limited interest for the international instruments available, which are at best a source of inspiration. In the third part, the author invites the reader to challenge many preconceived ideas on international mobility emerging from the first two sections, and shares her thoughts on ways forward to build an international framework, based on existing scholarly work and considering the unpopularity of the GATS. She concludes with a discussion on ‘new regionalism’ as an alternative until a shared international framework to facilitate migrations is set up, with the possibility of a merger between RTAs from the North and the South. This, she argues, could possibly unleash the full benefits of labour mobility such as increased GDPs, poverty reduction and tackling irregular migrations; benefits that have not been entirely felt to date.
3
Weng, Yulei. "China's labour market transition : labour mobility and wages". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13782/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
After the 1978 policy of reform and opening up, Chinese economy is transiting from a planned economy to a market one. Meanwhile, its labour force also became more mobile, leading to job turnover and internal migration. In addition, the wage setting became more market-oriented rather than centrally administered. Motivated by these changes in the post-reform Chinese labour market, this thesis empirically investigates job turnover, wage compensation and return migration in China, all of which consider the impact of the household registration system. Chapter two empirically studies job turnover in China. The 1978 policy of reform and opening up brought changes to the Chinese labour market. For example, the number of life-long employment was reducing and meanwhile the scale of the non-public sector was expanding. Therefore, people have more employment choices than before. Using employment histories recorded in the 2008 China General Social Survey, discrete-time survival analysis is used to examine the motivations for job turnover. Respondents registered in urban and rural areas are considered separately in the analysis. However, the results show no significant difference in job turnover between urban and rural registered people. As bonuses, housing subsidies and social insurances are currently common employment benefits in China, chapter three asks whether there is a wage reduction when higher benefits are provided to employees, which can be explained by the compensating wage differentials hypothesis. Using data from the 2009 Rural-Urban Migration in China, both urban employees and migrant workers are included in the sample. A wage equation and three benefit equations are estimated simultaneously. Instrumental variables are selected to correct for the endogeneity problem of benefit variables in the wage equation. The results show that there is no trade-off between wages and benefits, meaning that benefits do not have a compensating effect to wages. The fourth chapter uses Cox survival analysis to study the return migration in China. Previous studies have found that return migration in China is due to the household registration system and the macroeconomic environment both domestically and internationally. However, this chapter argues that return migration is more likely to be associated with employment and household factors. Employing data from the 2009 Rural-Urban Migration in China, chapter four considers the heterogeneity in return migration between the new and old generation migrants, where the former are taken to be born after 1980. The results show that the new generation migrants experience more return migration than their old counterparts. This implies that integrating to cities may be difficult even if the new generation migrants have a stronger desire to stay in cities permanently. The thesis concludes that although the Chinese labour market is becoming more mobile and wage setting is more flexible, people with different registration status are experiencing different outcomes and respond differently to these changes. Therefore, the policy implication of this thesis is that the Chinese society as well as its labour market should transit from a dual track system to an integrated one.
4
Von, Restorff Claus-Henning 1974. "Three essays on labour mobility". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115623.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation looks at three different aspects of labour mobility. The first essay examines the movements of workers between wage-employment and self-employment in the United States and the returns to various forms of experience in that context. The second essay studies the long-term unemployed in Canada, and the transitions that they make into other labour market states. The final essay deals with the implications of movements of workers between countries -- specifically, it analyzes earnings distributions to obtain a more complete picture about the declining economic fortunes of immigrants to Canada in recent times.They key contribution of the first essay lies in the recognition that consideration must also be given to industry and occupation specific experience when studying returns to experience in the context of movements between wage and self-employment - otherwise the returns to other forms of experience will be biased. Using data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, I find that past occupational experience can, among the different forms of experience, best explain the hourly rate of pay for workers, especially among the self-employed.
Using data from the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, the second essay examines the employment prospects of the long-term unemployed (defined as being unemployed for at least a year) in Canada, in view of what is known from the research literature in Europe. Canada has a relatively low rate of long-term unemployment when compared to most European countries, but the proportion of long-term unemployed who remain unemployed for another year or more is surprisingly close to the high European levels. Examination of the factors affecting the chances of the long-term unemployed to obtain regular employment reveals, however, that several of the factors that hinder the chances of the long-term unemployed in Europe are not major obstacles, including age, gender and immigrant status. Low skill, on the other hand, does appear to be a major contributor to very long-term unemployment in Canada as elsewhere. The findings appear to support the view of Canada as belonging firmly with the 'liberal' welfare state and labour market regimes.
The final essay studies earnings distributions of recent immigrants to Canada in 1980 and 2000, as well as those of their native-born counterparts; moreover, I make a distinction between individuals in wage work and in self-employment. Using Canadian Census data, the essay studies two aspects -- immigrant/native-born earnings gaps, and earnings inequality within the immigrant and native-born populations. With regard to the observed growth in earnings gaps, I find that changes in observed characteristics and earnings structure effects were both responsible. With regard to the observed growth in earnings inequality, I find that residual inequality was largely responsible. But while this increase in residual inequality appears to reflect the effects of comprehensive skill biased technical change among the wage-employed, this is not the case among the self-employed.
5
McPherson, Alexander Hugh. "Scottish international skilled labour mobility". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1994. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5506/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The topic of international skilled labour mobility has received growing attention within the field of population geography and other disciplines. This interest reflects the large growth of international skilled labour mobility, especially during the 1980s. Attention of prior research has focused on the migratory movement of managers and professionals as they radiate across the globe, recording and representing the dispersal of international investment and the overseas expansion of producers of goods and services. The research examines Scotland's participation in the international exchange of skilled labour. The research undertaken addresses the varying theoretical, conceptual and methodological approaches of prior research on international skilled labour mobility in geography, as well as in other disciplines, such as management studies and occupational psychology. In doing so, the interplay between work and non-work spheres in shaping Scottish international skilled labour mobility is highlighted, as is the differing temporal and spatial focus of existing studies. The author's research thus investigates both the economic and social contexts of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, these contexts being characterised at macro, meso and micro level. In addition, the research adopts a broader definition of skilled labour movements than prior research, and so the study discusses the place of short term business travel as well as longer term migratory movements and the relationship between them. In illustrating the economic context of Scottish international skilled labour mobility, the research outlines macro level changes in the Scottish economy and the role of foreign direct investment as a source and channel of Scottish skill exchange. In turn, the specific institutional characteristics of activities generating these labour flows are examined and related to the occupational status of mobile persons.
6
Green, Anne E. "Spatial mobility and labour markets". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57300/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis brings together selected published works on the theme of spatial mobility and labour markets. The works selected adopt a range of methodological approaches, including quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. They are grouped into four inter-related subthemes: (1) labour migration and labour market adjustment; (2) mobilities, migration and commuting; (3) spatial (im)mobility, place and social networks; and (4) immigration, integration and labour market issues. These sub-themes span responses to changes in employment and non-employment, the continuum of labour market-related movements from daily and weekly commuting to employment-related migration, spatial mobility and immobility, and internal and international migration. Taken together, the works presented provide an original contribution to knowledge on spatial mobility and labour markets. They also inform key policy debates. Particular contributions include: (1) evidence on spatial and temporal variations in labour migration as an adjustment mechanism within the broader context of changing labour markets; (2) empirical and theoretical insights into the location and mobility strategies of dual career households and how some individuals might substitute commuting for migration for individual and household gains; (3) evidence on the importance of area perceptions and place-based social networks in constraining spatial mobility – particularly for some individuals in some places; and (4) policy-relevant evidence on the impact of international migration on regional and local labour markets and implications for local skills strategies and local action on integration of new arrivals. Together the works highlight the reality of the fuzziness of the binary measurement categories conventionally used in analyses of spatial mobility and indicate the need for greater flexibility. They also demonstrate the need for increased sensitivity to the diversity of individual, household and local labour market experiences in different times and places.
7
Ding, Ding. "Heterogeneous Innovation and Labour Mobility". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-184120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Knowledge is a necessary and critically important factor in generating growth and increased prosperity. The extent to which such effects are materialized depends however on its diffusion and how it transcends into innovation, entrepreneurship and growing firms. This doctoral thesis consists of four papers that examine how labor mobility and innovation strategies influence the performance at the firm level with respect to new ventures, firm level growth and innovativeness. The first paper provides empirical support of the validity of the knowledge-based spillover theory of entrepreneurship by employing a detailed database. The results indicate that both inter-regional labor inflows and intra-regional labor mobility exert a strong positive effect on entrepreneurship, while inter-regional outflows negatively affect entrepreneurial entry. The second paper examines the influence of the labor mobility of knowledge workers on innovation at the firm level. New evidence are provided that reveals a positive and significant impact of labor mobility on firms’ innovations measured as patent applications. In the third paper the influence of labor mobility between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and other firms on innovation is investigated. Looking at firms having different owner structures, empirical evidence are provided that particularly domestically owned MNEs generate strong knowledge spillovers to non-MNEs that translates into innovations. The fourth paper examines the relationship between innovation and firm growth. We implement a classification of innovations based on whether they are explorative or exploitative. The more radical explorative innovations are shown to have a persistent growth effect in the long term, while exploitative innovation increases the labor demand predominantly in the short term.QC 20160401
8
Xu, Zhongling. "Labour migration and economic development in Guangdong, China : implications for labour mobility /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19892731.
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Wadsworth, Jonathan. "Labour mobility in Britain : evidence from the Labour Force Survey". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2810/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Labour mobility is a means by which to allocate human resources efficiently. The movement of labour into areas or states where it can increase individual worth, benefits the aggregate economy. This thesis is an empirical investigation of five aspects of labour mobility in Britain. A recurring theme of this study is the interaction between unemployment and mobility. We utilise information from the British Labour Force Surveys as the basis for our study. Specifically we examine: 1) The impact of unemployment on the inter-regional mobility of labour. We find that unemployment experience, and not regional differentials, increase the likelihood of migration. Further the regional allocation process functions less effectively at higher levels of aggregate unemployment. 2) The job search behaviour of employed workers. We show how worker satisfaction, as principally captured by length of job tenure, plays the largest role in the decision to seek work. The type of search strategy undertaken is partly dependent on the level of local labour demand. 3) The influence of unemployment benefit on job search effort. We demonstrate how benefit receipients search more extensively than others. Benefit claimants have a higher probability of locating a job offer. 4) Labour market transitions. Utilising a specially constructed dataset, we estimate annual probabilities of movement between employment, unemployment and inactivity. Worker heterogeneity is shown to explain the majority of these transitions, 5) Inter-firm mobility. Job-shopping by workers is an essential pre-requisite for eventual long-term, productive job matches. High levels of unemployment are shown to impede the job-shopping process.
10
Boman, Anders. "Geographic labour mobility causes and consequences /". Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, 2008. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/319214599.html.
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11
Johnes, G. "The occupational mobility of unemployed labour". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379181.
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12
徐宗玲 e Zhongling Xu. "Labour migration and economic development in Guangdong, China: implications for labour mobility". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31237903.
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Martinez, Granado Maria Teresa. "Analysing labour market mobility : some empirical applications". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287460.
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Giua, Ludovica. "On immigration, geographic and labour market mobility". Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19538/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis consists of three chapters. The first one is an empirical assessment of the consequences of post-2004 temporary restrictions to welfare access for some European immigrants in the UK in terms of their benefits take-up and their labour supply. I provide evidence that when access to benefits is restricted, immigrants compensate for the foregone income by working more. This is particularly true for females. Nevertheless, even in the absence of any restrictions, immigrants are less reliant on welfare and work more than their native counterparts. The second chapter focuses on the determinants of geographical mobility of British labour market entrants over the period 1991-2008, with an emphasis on the role of education. Given the absence of an appropriate index for mobility in the data, I compute a continuous measure of distance that is then matched to the individual information. Results suggest that having a degree has a positive impact on the mobility of young adults and, hence, on their labour market opportunities. Moreover, an important role is played by previous mobility experience and some other environmental factors. In the third chapter of this dissertation I evaluate the long-term effects of undergoing job turnover during a woman’s early career on her demand for children. In doing so, I make a distinction between voluntary and involuntary job separations. The empirical analysis is made on a sample of British women who have left education in the years 1959-1986, for which I construct job experience and family formation variables on the basis of retrospective information. The findings imply that women with stronger preferences for children might self-select into more rewarding career paths, possibly in pursuance of better labour market conditions that can guarantee a more adequate child rearing.
15
Agiomirgianakis, George M. "Macroeconomic adjustment in open economies and labour mobility". Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337240.
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Lotti, Emanuela. "Essays on determinants and effects of labour mobility". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419166.
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Cox, Kerryn. "The Effects of Trade Reform on Labour Mobility Across South African Local Labour Markets". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29722.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The extent to which labour market are affected by trade liberalization depends crucially on their ease of reallocating labour and factors of production across regions and sectors of the economy. However, previous literature has provided little insight on the role of migration and labour market frictions in shaping the effects of trade reform across regions in South Africa (SA). This paper considers this key question by observing the effect of tariff reform on the spatial reallocation of labour across sectors and regions over the period, 1996 to 2011. Overall, tariff reductions on imports in SA has induced spatial reallocation of labour in SA with a dominant flow of labour from regions/sectors with characteristically high tariff reductions towards regions/sectors of low tariff reductions. Critically, the paper finds that pull factors assimilated through the import competition channel have a positive significant effect on the migration rate, while the opposing push effect is insignificant.
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Zhetibaeva, Elvung Gulzat. "Employment in New Firms : Mobility and Labour Market Outcomes". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192510.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis studies the role of new firms in the labour market and uses Swedish data to analyze labour mobility in new firms, including both transitions of workers into and from new firms. In particular, it focuses on employees’ wages in new firms and post-new firm employment labour market outcomes as transitions into long-term employment and entrepreneurship. This thesis consists of four essays. The first two essays concern labour mobility into new firms. The last two essays focus on post-new firm employment mobility. The first essay explores the role of new firms as an entry point into the labour market for individuals with little (or no) labour market experience. The findings show that the wage penalty found in previous research, which includes more heterogeneous groups of employees, decreases once the focus is solely on labour market entrants. The second essay investigates whether there is a wage penalty for being employed at a new firm if the individual employee’s experience and status in the labour market are taken into account; this essay focuses on individuals who decide to switch jobs. The findings show that there is a wage penalty for being employed at a new firm; however, considering a random selection into new firms may underestimate the wage differentials. The third essay studies the role that new firms play for the career path of their employees. In particular, this paper analyzes whether short-term employment in new firms (employment lasting less than one year) may serve as a stepping stone toward long-term employment (at least two years of employment with the same employer) for non-employed individuals. The findings indicate that short-term employment in new firms may serve as a stepping stone toward long-term employment. The fourth paper examines the new firm effect on entrepreneurship, which the findings indicate is positive and statistically significant; this effect remains even after controlling for a worker's ability and shows that employees with both high and low levels of ability may transition to entrepreneurship.QC 20160916
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She, Powen. "Essays on career mobility in the UK labour market". Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/19955/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis consists of three substantial chapters on topics related to occupational and industrial mobility. Using quarterly data of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) from 1992 to 2013, Chapter 2 documents the mobility across occupations and industries (referred to as career change). The findings suggest that occupational and industrial mobility are surprisingly high. Both occupational and industrial mobility are procyclical. The majority of instances of career change are associated with wage growth. During an expansion, a career changer's wage grows more than someone who stays in their career. However, this does not apply if the career changer was unemployed and then hired during a recession. The evidence suggests that career mobility during a business cycle is important for understanding the labour market flows and wage growth. The use of interviewing method may affect the accuracy of the data. The dependent interviewing is introduced in the survey, and is helpful in reducing the measurement errors. Chapter 3 uses data from British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and UK Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS) to examine the robustness of the results obtained by using LFS. The procyclicality of occupational and industrial mobility are reassured when the change of interviewing method is controlled for. The further detailed occupational and industrial classification is applied, and the pro-cyclicality of occupational and industrial mobility is found in the further detailing of classifications. Given the solid evidence found in Chaper 2 and 3, Chapter 4 develops a theoretical model to understand the mechanism of workers' reallocation. Aggregate productivity shock, sectoral productivity shock and preference shock are included in order to investigate reallocation through business cycle, net mobility and gross mobility respectively. This model shows the procyclicality of gross mobility between sectors, which is consistent with the findings in Chapter 2 and 3. This chapter also explains the higher level of unemployment during recession. This thesis undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the occupational and industrial mobility in the UK using both empirical and theoretical methods. Limitations of this thesis and suggestions for future research are provided.
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Anwar, Chairil. "Labour mobility and the dynamics of the construction industry labour market : (the case of Makassar, Indonesia) /". Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/392331233.pdf.
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Wolf, André-René [Verfasser]. "Mobility of skilled labour and skill formation / Andre-Rene Wolf". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036406288/34.
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Mikhail, Ossama. "The persistence of unemployment in Canada and sectoral labour mobility /". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37905.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation is an economic investigation into the persistency of Canadian unemployment. It examines whether this persistence is caused by sectoral shifts. Empirically, we test for persistence using the Cochrane Variance ratio and the modified rescaled range test statistics. We estimate unemployment persistence using Bayesian ARFIMA class of models. To understand employment sectoral dynamics, the thesis uses data-driven Vector Autoregression models with emphasis on Classical and Bayesian estimation techniques. At the theoretical level, two structural Real Business Cycle models are proposed to explain how aggregate unemployment persistence emerges from sectoral labour mobility. The main difference between these two models is the impetus of the shock. One model uses relative sectoral technology shocks and the other uses relative sectoral taste shocks. We show that sectoral phenomena are important in accounting for aggregate unemployment fluctuations.
23
Becker, Olga Maria Schild. "Recent settlement in Brazilian Amazonia : labour mobility and environmental degradation". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2281/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The context of this thesis is Brazilian Amazonia and the subject is the discussion of labour force mobility and immobility as well as environmental degradation following current occupation process of this natural resource frontier. The overall aim is to identify the forms and mechanisms of the capitalist occupation process which has taken place in Amazonia in the 1960-1990 period. I consider the issues of increasing labour force mobility and environmental degradation as a question of changes in the relationship between people-nature. These changes in Brazilian Amazonia relate to an expansion of the territorial limits of capital and are a consequence of the occupation process encouraged by the Brazilian State. The central research question of this thesis is why and how does a regional development policy for Brazilian Amazonia, designed with the aim of promoting the occupation of the empty spaces of the frontier, lead to a progressive expulsion of the previous inhabitants of those areas. In the same way, why did government programmes not ensure a settling of the new colonists (landless migrants) on the land in these frontier areas where, by definition, we would suppose there are huge expanses of land available. The argument is that the Brazilian State, taking it for granted that the Northern frontier areas should be occupied, promoted a sort of occupation in which the frontier was to be expanded following a pattern of urbanised jungle, where the urban space was the support of this process. According to this strategy, the circulation (mobility) of the labour force was seen to be more relevant than the settlement of small landless producers. In this way, migration (as a mechanism in producing the labour force) played a crucial role in creating a regional labour market in frontier areas. Moreover, this thesis will discuss the Extractive Reserve model presented by the so-called traditional inhabitants as a proposal for rainforest productive conservation and counter-mobility of the labour force in Brazilian Amazonia. The present study analyses specific spaces in the Amazonia: the Pre- Amazonia Maranhense (Eastern Amazonia), considered an earlier frontier area from the 1960s, and the Acre River Valley (Western Amazonia), that represents a newer frontier area from the 1970s and 1980s.
24
Callaghan, George S. "Flexibility, mobility and the labour market : a case study investigation". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295054.
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Pellegrino, Giorgia <1996>. "The EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment and the issue of forced labour". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20868.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the bilateral investment agreement concluded between the European Union and China. In particular, it analyzes the section on sustainable development which contains regulations on the issue of forced labour. It also provides an alysis of the same issue in the Chinese context.
The thesis is divided in two chapters. The first one gives an explanation of the Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), illustrating its origins, objectives and structure. Furthermore it illustrates the path of negotiations that has led to the closing of the agreement. Finally, in the last sub-chapter, the sustainable development section is examined with a focus on the forced labour directives and their shortcomings.
The second chapter gives an overview of the issue of forced labour in China. It elucidades on the problems linked to the protection of Chinese workes and three elements linked to the issue: collective bargaining, sindicates and NGOs. Lastly, it describes the International Labour Organization (ILO) Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the fundamental ILO Conventions on forced labour, and the status of their ratification and implementation in China.
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Szivas, Edith. "A study of labour mobility into tourism : the case of Hungary". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/650/.
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Shirahase, Sawako. "Women in the labour market : mobility and work history of Japanese women". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385677.
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Jonsson, Hans. "Housing, labour market conditions and regional migration". Licentiate thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21234.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Essay 1: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that home-owners on average have a higher propensity to migrate to other labour market areas in response to higher unemployment and job vacancy rates than renters and tenant-owners. This is evidence that owning your home does not constrain labour mobility across labour market areas in comparison to other forms of housing tenure. The response to high local job vacancy rates indicates that migration in general is driven by differences in matching efficiency in local labour market areas rather than a pure response to high local unemployment. A third finding is that at higher levels of aggregation high unemployment is associated to high levels of home-ownership as previous researchers have found. The suggested explanation for this correlation, i.e. that home-ownership constrains mobility of individuals, however, seems falsified in Sweden by our results. Essay 2: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that interregional migration responds to regional labour market conditions and individual unemployment. Migration is found to go from relatively high unemployment and high job vacancy to low unemployment and low job vacancy regions contrary to earlier research. The response to job vacancy rates indicate that migration responds to differences in local Beveridge curves and migration goes towards better matching efficiency. Unemployment on the individual level is found to increases the propensity for interregional migration.
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Kavková, Magda. "Podpora pracovni mobility v ramci EU". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10403.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation describes labour work mobility issues within the European Union. It focuses on obstacles that restrict the free movement of workers and how these obstacles can be eliminated by the European Union. The case study "Motivation of Czech workers to work abroad" is also included in this dissertation.
30
Eriksson, Rikard. "Labour mobility and plant performance : The influence of proximity, relatedness and agglomeration". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-27715.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this thesis is to shed new light on the theorizations discussing the economic benefits of geographical clustering in a space economy increasingly characterized by globalization processes. This is made possible through the employment of a plant-perspective and a focus on how the relative fixity and mobility of labour influence plant performance throughout the entire Swedish economy. By means of the longitudinal micro database ASTRID, connecting attributes of individuals to features of plants and localities for the whole Swedish economy, the empirical findings indicate that both localization and urbanization economies produce significant labour market externalities and that such inter-plant linkages positively affect plant performance as compared to the partial effects of relative regional specialization and diversification. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that it is necessary both to distinguish how well the external skills retrieved via labour mobility match the existing knowledge base of plants and to determine the geographical dimension of such flows to verify the relative effect of labour market-induced externalities. Finally, it is demonstrated that whereas general urbanization is beneficial within close distance to the plant, the composition of economic activities is more influential at greater distances. In such cases the geographical dimension influences whether plants benefit from being located in similar or different local settings. In conclusion, it is argued that the circulation of labour skills, created and reproduced through the place-specific industrial setup, is crucial for understanding the mechanisms creating geographical variations in plant performance as compared to other regional conditions often proxied as relative specialization or diversification. This is because the relative fixity of labour tends to create place- and sector-specific skills which by means of their mobility in space are likely to facilitate the recombination of local skills, make the acquirement of non-local skills possible and secure sufficient affinity between economic actors by strengthening other dimensions of proximity – all aspects regarded as crucial to facilitate interactive learning processes and contribute to sustained regional growth.
31
Simonen, J. (Jaakko). "The effects of R&D cooperation and labour mobility on innovation". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514284083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract
The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute both theoretically and empirically to the literature of regional economics. We aim to provide theoretical insights and explanations as well as interesting empirical findings which are relevant for the analyses of the regional development.
Chapter two reviews the literature on new growth theory, economic geography, geography of innovation and innovation process. We illustrate connections between these strands of literature from the perspective of technological development and its diffusion. We discuss the role of innovation activity, technological development, and especially knowledge spillovers in economic growth, and clarify their microeconomic linkages to endogenous macroeconomic growth.
In chapter three we shed additional light on the role of intra-regional economies of scale and inter-regional externalities in regional economic growth. Chapter provides interesting theoretical insights and explanations for the analysis of regional development.
In chapters four to seven we analyse how the establishments' individual characteristics and their R&D cooperation with other firms and organizations as well as sectoral and geographical origins of their labour acquisitions affects the innovation performance of the establishments. We try to isolate the independent role on innovation performance played by knowledge transfers associated with localised human-capital mobility from those associated with inter-firm and inter-organisational tacit knowledge spillovers. No previous studies, as far as we are aware, have been able to empirically identify and distinguish in such a detailed and comprehensive manner as in this dissertation the effects of these two, qualitatively quite different types of knowledge transfer mechanisms on innovation.
32
Tan, Fiona Ai Lin. "Inter-sectoral labour mobility in Korea : its origins and relationship with unemployment". University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0167.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
[Truncated abstract] The Asian Financial Crisis was a wake-up call to the South Korean economy that a change to its economic structure was needed. Prior to the Crisis, South Korea enjoyed healthy economic growth and low unemployment. With the onset of the Crisis, Korea experienced severe recession. Unemployment levels soared and turnover in the labour market became commonplace. The Korean government enacted a series of policies and succeeded in combating unemployment in the short-term. To the present time, unemployment levels have been lowered, albeit with job instability and insecurity. A more effective longer-term solution is needed to increase the resilience of this NIE. The role of inter-sector labour mobility as a policy tool to combat unemployment using the relevant determinants of mobility has not been explored in Korea (Asia), although it has been debated at length in the West since the 1980s. Part of the reason for this lies in the lack of longitudinal data to facilitate appropriate research. Recently, such data have been made available by the Korean Labour Institute (KLI). This thesis extends research into the labour mobility-unemployment relationship to South Korea. The priority is to establish whether a mobility-unemployment relationship exists in Korea, and to obtain a thorough understanding of the factors affecting sectoral mobility in this country in order to facilitate the crafting of potential tools for addressing the unemployment problem. The thesis is organised into two parts. ... The main finding is that whilst the monetary variables and worker/industry characteristics impact male and female mobility differently, sectoral unemployment and sectoral shock affect male and female mobility similarly. The thesis is summarised and some policy measures provided in the sypnosis. It is argued that the 'new' mobility-unemployment phenomenon appears to have emerged in Korea after the Crisis, whereas it had been a feature of Western economies in much earlier time periods. Traditional monetary and fiscal policies are inadequate when it comes to combating unemployment in the presence of this mobility-unemployment phenomenon. A combination of macro-policies, given the relevance of the ADH, and micro-policies, given the validity of the SSH, is required. The multi-dimensional nature of mobility implies that the micro policies to control or reduce mobility rates using the relevant variables (to alleviate unemployment) should cover measures related to monetary wages, labour market groups and sector performance. The sypnosis notes a dearth of Asian studies on sectoral mobility, possibly due to the lack of longitudinal data. The collection of quality longitudinal data for other Asian countries, so that research along the lines conducted in the thesis could be undertaken for other NIEs, was seen as being of vital importance. With such data, the standard of research on Asian economies can be at par with that of the Western countries, and the apparently considerable potential benefits of microeconomic policies via sectoral mobility for Asia could be realised.
33
Metinsoy, Saliha. "Political unrest under IMF programmes : labour mobility, fiscal conditionality, and democratic representation". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:045b1d24-e37a-4232-8e4d-39c038c799c4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
What triggers political unrest under International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes? Why do we see unrest - protests, strikes, and riots - in some countries under IMF programmes and not in others? This thesis argues that IMF labour conditionality in an immobile labour market compounded by intrusive fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels result in unrest. Where labour is immobile in the borrowing country, IMF labour conditionality decentralising the market creates large-scale grievances among the labour groups. Immobile labour groups substantially lose income and benefits under those measures due to high wage differentials and varied labour protection measures across sectors. Moreover, uncertainty and risks increase, while the opportunities to return back to employment or to maintain the existing income and benefits diminish. When the political authority is unable to address the rising grievances due to tight fiscal conditionality and blocked democratic channels, we observe political unrest under IMF programmes. Where labour is mobile, on the other hand, it is easier for workers to switch between sectors and jobs when the economic crisis hits their sector. The labour groups respond to the internal crisis and the external impact by increasing mobility and switching to the sectors that are still growing despite the crisis. Labour conditions do not give rise to a similar degree of uncertainty and risks compared to immobile markets. Hence, programmes are implemented without large-scale unrest. The study tests this theory in a global sample of 117 countries between 1970 and 2013 and investigates the impact of mobility and IMF conditionality on unrest with a data set originally compiled and coded for this study. It then delves into two extreme cases, Greece, 2010 and Turkey, 2001. While Greece had extreme immobility and received intrusive labour and fiscal conditionality in 2010, Turkey is located on the opposite end of the spectrum, with very high levels of mobility, the limited number of labour conditions, and greater fiscal space. We see that while Greece witnessed large-scale unrest in 2010, Turkey implemented the programme smoothly. Finally, the study applies the theory into three shadow cases, Ireland, 2010, Latvia, 2008, and Portugal, 2011 and demonstrates that the varied degrees of mobility and conditionality and fiscal conditionality result in different degrees of unrest.
34
Tocco, Barbara. "Agricultural employment and inter-sectoral labour mobility in selected EU Member States". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56649/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the last century, and especially with the development of European market integration, economies in Europe experienced a deep restructuring of their agricultural sector. The structural shift away from the primary sector activities, with the reallocation of labour across sectors, is an important engine of economic development. Nonetheless, the patterns and drivers of structural change in the New Member States (NMS) have differed in nature, speed and intensity from those of the EU-15. More importantly, the high incidence of farm employment and family workers in some of the NMS, despite low levels of agricultural training and labour productivity, suggests that farming, particularly in the least developed regions, might be the only viable solution for obtaining a minimum standard of living, especially for those who lack the human capital for 'better' employment opportunities. Against this background, the aim of this research is to investigate the driving forces behind agricultural labour adjustments and, thus, shed light on the facilitators of, and barriers to, labour mobility. The analysis focuses on the linkages between farm and non-farm sectors and explores the determinants of agricultural employment and inter-sectoral labour mobility in six selected Member States (MS): France, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Using national and European micro-level data from labour force and agricultural business surveys, the econometric analysis employs various discrete choice modelling techniques on cross-section and panel data. The key message from this research is that skills mismatch, due to inadequate levels of education and vocational training, and labour market characteristics appear to be the most important impediments to the inter-sectoral and spatial mobility of labour. The mixed evidence in the results across MS reflects the heterogeneous organisational and production structures, implying different constraints or prospects for farm survival and hence different capacities to release and absorb labour. Hence, in order to ensure an efficient allocation of labour and a smooth transition across sectors, investments in human capital and the diversification of rural areas constitute crucial rural development policies. Nonetheless, a one-size-fits-all policy is not appropriate for the wide diversity of rural areas and labour markets across MS. Instead, more targeted and diverse measures should be implemented in order to meet particular needs.
35
Galego, Maria Aurora. "Choice of employment status and labour mobility : an analysis of self-employment in Portugal". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389175.
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Gerber, Marcel. "Alternative dispute resolution in the BRICS nations: A comparative labour law perspective". University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Magister Legum - LLMAlternative dispute resolution refers to forms of dispute resolution, other than traditional and formal court based litigation. A notable benefit of alternative dispute resolution is that different processes are available for resolving a particular dispute in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Alternative dispute resolution includes but is not limited to arbitration, mediation, negotiation, conciliation and facilitation. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, lists human dignity, equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms as the founding values of the Republic of South Africa. In terms of section 9(1) of the Constitution everyone is regarded as equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law in South Africa. Often it is however argued that traditional court based litigation hinders the full enjoyment of these rights by individuals. Consequently, alternative dispute resolution is attractive as an alternative to court based litigation as it is regarded as less expensive, more time effective and results in less conflict when it comes to resolving disputes in the most accessible, effective and efficient manner possible, in both developed and developing countries. The study will first focus on the pitfalls to traditional court based litigation in South Africa. The relevant legislation and processes which provide for alternative dispute resolution processes in South Africa, with specific focus on alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes, will be considered. Consideration will be given to the provision of alternative dispute resolution as contained in the Constitution, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings before the CCMA of 2003 and the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965. The study will thereafter proceed to consider the use of alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes in Brazil, Russia, India and China, who, together with South Africa, are collectively referred to as BRICS. These five nations are considered the world’s leading emerging economies, with similar economic capabilities and demographics.
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Kangasniemi, Mari H. "Essays on job tenure, wages, worker mobility and occupation in Finnish manufacturing : do institutions matter?" Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268874.
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Widerstedt, Barbro. "Moving or staying? : job mobility as a sorting process". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96660.
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39
Milanovic, Nikola Emmanuel. "The North American Agreement of Labor Cooperation, a tenuous link between trade and labour standards?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ29449.pdf.
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40
Ortins, de Bettencourt Pedro Manuel Gomes. "The impact of the framework agreement on telework on european labour law: the Portuguese paradigm". Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Any technological revolution produces an impact on society, changing ways of living working and interfacing with the physical, social and cultural environmenent. It is widely accepted that the concept of the information society is only just beginning, but there is no doubt that the effects of information and communications technologies are already changing the ways we live and work. One major impact of the present revolution is the evolution of telework, defined in this thesis as "electronic work from a distance". This is now challenging traditional working patterns and allows individuals to work at a time and place of their choosing.
41
Jarvis, Helen Clare. "Negotiating gender divisions of labour : the role of household strategies in explaining residential mobility in Britain". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1520/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The profile and geography of employment in Britain is undergoing considerable change. This is demonstrated most visibly in terms of gender composition; in rising numbers of women in paid employment; the replacement of full time with part time employment; in de-regulation and the proliferation of temporary and insecure employment. With increasing numbers of 'wives' and 'mothers' in paid employment this restructuring is reflected in a new and changing geography of household divisions of labour. Paradoxically, this global push towards greater labour market flexibility has implications for reduced labour mobility. Conventionally, a mobile labour force is considered the mainstay of a flexible labour market. A paradox emerges from an understanding that, rather than being individuated, labour is situated within particular household structures. Moreover, within such structures the co-ordination of home and work imposes further significant (time-space) constraints. These constraints suggest that decisions concerning residential location must increasingly facilitate both male and female employment as well as daily household practices of consumption, production and reproduction. Frequently, such practices entail an intimate connection between the household and networks of paid and unpaid labour which are rooted in the locale. This thesis provides both a conceptual and an empirical link between housing and labour markets. It draws upon multiple method research to consider the extent to which a causal relationship exists between household employment structure and relative rates of residential mobility. Secondary data from the UK Census of Population provides an extensive backdrop of trends for Britain in the 1990's. Qualitative biographical research provides insight into the processes of residential mobility such as those of 'bargaining power' in household decision-making. Evidence from the extensive research suggests that single earner households are more mobile than households with two full time earners. Household biographies demonstrate, however, that residential mobility behaviour is inadequately explained by economic factors alone.
42
Dekker, Ronald. "Non-standard employment and mobility in the Dutch, German and British labour market /". Ridderkerk : Ridderprint, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/56784126X.pdf.
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43
Prelipceanu, Raluca. "A gendered approach to labour mobility : migration and social norms. Evidence from Romania". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739076.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse à la relation entre la mobilité du travail des femmes dont plus particulièrement la migration temporaire du travail à l'étranger et les normes sociales au niveau de la communauté d'origine. L'approche théorique développée dans le cadre des chapitre deux et trois est appliquée dans les chapitres suivants au cas des femmes roumaines. Le premier chapitre décrit l'évolution économique et sociale en Roumanie à partir de l'effondrement du communisme avec un accent mis sur l'évolution des migrations aussi bien externes qu'internes. Le deuxième chapitre met en avant la prise de la décision de migrer dans le cadre d'un modèle unitaire du ménage en présence des normes sociales. Dans le chapitre suivant les hypothèses du modèle unitaire sont relâchées et on considère la décision de migrer comme étant prise dans le cadre d'un modèle collectif du ménage. Les hypothèses émises dans ces deux chapitres sont partiellement testé dans le chapitre quatre qui analyse la décision simultanée de migrer des conjoints à l'aide d'un probit bivarié. Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse compare les stratégies possibles des femmes sur le marché du travail en considérant le travail domestique comme une possible stratégie alternative à celles entreprises sur le marché du travail. Les résultats empiriques montrent des différences importantes au niveau des déterminants de migrer des femmes et des hommes. De plus, nos résultats mettent également en évidence des différences entre les déterminants de la mobilité des femmes sur le marché du travail interne et sur le marché du travail international.
44
He, Zhongli. "Personnel mobility in the emerging labour market in the People's Republic of China". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22028.pdf.
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Cavalleri, Maria Chiara. "Essays on the portability of pension rights and distortions in labour mobility choices". Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2013. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/128/1/Cavalleri_phdthesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis contributes to the debate on the role and efficacy of pension portability regimes in ensuring both a fair treatment of workers and neutrality as regards to labour mobility choices.Drawing on important contributions from the literature, I perform a comprehensive analysis that aims to bridge the gap between the economic and the political analyses of portability. In addition, I also present novel and unprecedented empirical insights on portability’s effects in the labour market. The thesis is comprised of an opening, introductory section followed by four main Chapters (from 2 to 5). Chapter 2 is devoted to a theoretical and empirical analysis of labour mobility. Two main practices are primarily discussed: international and occupational mobility. Then, the issue of pension portability is described and examined in detail in Chapter 3. In this section, focusing on the European Union, I survey the current legal framework for the portability of both mandatory public and private pension rights. While this analysis focuses on the current situation, I also review the historical evolution of rules and practices. This examination is complemented by a simulation exercise estimating possible pension entitlements for a representative worker accumulating pension rights in different EU countries. The simulations are performed using real parameters of national pension systems and are based on empirical assumptions. Overall, Chapter 3 offers therefore a very thorough analysis of portability regimes: both from a normative and an economic (i.e., costs vs. benefits) perspective. Chapters 4 and 5 contain two key empirical analyses in this dissertation. Chapter 4 focuses on the portability of complementary pension rights in Italy when job mobility occurs voluntarily across employers, but not across countries. Using micro-data from the Survey of Household Income and Wealth (SHIW), I examine whether coverage from an occupational pension plan has discouraged job mobility in Italy between 1998 and 2010. Such an effect has been documented to occur in other countries, especially the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. However, there has never been a similar examination for the case of Italy. My analysis provide very weak or no effect of pension portability losses impacting on labour mobility decisions. There is, on the contrary, some evidence that pension-covered jobs are better jobs overall, for the ample set of benefits they offer to workers and of which the pension plan is only an element. For this reason, mobility out of these positions is less convenient and thus frequent.
Finally, Chapter 5 examines whether past difficulties in portability transfers affect the propensity for future international mobility. This is a unique research question that has not been studied in the literature so far. Specifically, I test the hypothesis that a positive experience of portability encourages people to consider further opportunities of mobility abroad, whereas negative experiences are likely to lower such interest. Both these effects are tested and estimated empirically using data from the Standard Eurobarometer Survey No. 75.1 (2011), covering 27 EU member states. I find that that easy portability in the past increases the propensity for job mobility abroad in comparison to people with no prior portability experience. On the contrary, difficult experiences slightly depress the propensity for mobility.
46
Edwall, Caroline. "The Legalisation of International Labour Standards in Trade Agreements : A Case Study of the Labour Provisions in the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418536.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
International Labour Standards (ILS) has a prominent place in the current debate of globalisation. There has been an increased usage of ILS in different contexts, as references in domestic courts and international courts, as provisions in companies’ code of conducts and as provisions in trade agreements. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the usage of ILS as provisions in trade agreements and whether ILS provisions in trade agreements can lead to increased legal enforceability. The EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement was brought up to illustrate how ILS can be used as provisions in a trade agreement. The thesis was conducted by focusing on four different areas, firstly the legal enforcement of ILS within the ILO framework, the ILO Declaration and through International Public Law. Secondly, by examining the linkage between the ILS and trade and the EU’s trade strategy. Thirdly by studying the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement by using three dimensions, obligation, precision and delegation. Lastly, by a discussion of the legal enforcement of ILS through trade agreements. In short, the conclusions of this thesis are that there are several limitations in order to foster compliance with ILS, within the ILO as well as through trade agreements. Especially the lack of a legal body within the ILO and the fact that labour provisions are not subject to the regular dispute mechanism in trade agreements nor subject to the dispute mechanism of World Trade Organisation has been pointed out as problematic. Due to the lack of empirical research on the post ratification effects, de facto and de juro, it is difficult at this initial stage of ‘the experiment of labour provisions in trade agreements’ to draw conclusions. However, the need to foster a universal floor of fundamental labour rights are equally as urgent as it was a hundred years ago when ILO was founded and when the debate on labour provisions and trade was initiated.
47
Ali, Mohammed Abdel Hameed Ibnoaf. "Manpower planning and development potentialities : test case of Sudan". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309283.
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48
Kostakopoulou, Theodora. "The politics of #belonging' and #exclusion' in the European Union : citizenship and immigration". Thesis, University of Essex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296585.
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49
Klanarong, Nisakorn. "Female international labour migration from Southern Thailand /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk632.pdf.
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50
Li, Jing. "Three essays on flexible working arrangements and labour market outcomes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis looks at the effects of flexible working arrangements on workers' labour market outcomes. The particular type of flexible working arrangement analysed in this thesis is called "flexitime". This is an arrangement which gives workers the freedom to choose when to start and end their work. Flexitime provides workers with a new way to cater to their domestic responsibilities and in turn may reduce the costs of participating in the labour market. Therefore, it is closely connected with workers' compensation structure, human capital accumulation process, labour supply and job mobility. The effects of flexitime on workers' labour market outcomes are analysed from three aspects: wage, labour supply, and job mobility. The first chapter gives an introduction and overview of the thesis. The second chapter is a study on the compensating wage differentials associated with flexitime. In general I do not find convincing evidence showing the existence of compensating wage differentials associated with flexitime. One possible reason might be that flexitime brings additional benefits to firms (such as increased productivity and reduced turnover rate) so that firms may not necessarily need to reduce actual wages in exchange for flexitime provision. In the third chapter, I develop a model describing how flexitime may affect workers' labour supply decisions. The main finding of the model is that flexitime will increase workers' labour supply when the benefit associated with flexitime (increased child care production efficiency) is high relative to the cost of wage reduction (prediction 1). Meanwhile, the model also predicts that flexitime causes high human capital workers to increase their labour supply more than low human capital workers (prediction 2). Empirical findings show that flexitime is positively associated with working mothers' labour market hours, which confirms model prediction 1. However, there is arguably insufficient empirical evidence verifying model prediction 2. The fourth chapter considers the relationship between flexitime and workers' job satisfaction and job mobility. Flexitime is associated with high job satisfaction levels for both male and female workers. It also reduces the probability of quitting for female workers with young children. Male workers' job mobility decisions are not significantly affected by flexitime. The fifth chapter gives the conclusion of the thesis.