Tesi sul tema "Ancient powers"
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1
Maier, Christoph. "Gewaltenteilung bei Aristoteles und in der Verfassung Athens : keine freiheitliche Demokratie ohne multipolare Institutionenordnung /". Berlin : BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883518&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Testo completo
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Cramer, David Wayne. "The power of gender and the gender of power in ancient Rome /". Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Heyman, George P. Watts James W. "The power of sacrifice Roman and Christian discourses in conflict /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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4
Hunter, Darren. "The transformative power of Paideia or Paideia transformed? Paideutic culture during the Second Sophistic". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119611.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present study contends with the commodification and decadence of Hellenism and paideia (intellectual and cultural sophistication) during the Second Sophistic. It charts the path that Hellenism took from an esoteric ethnic essence to a universal and inclusive ethic. Given this inclusiveness, anyone in the empire who adopted a paideutic character had the chance of becoming a "Hellene," especially sophists. Upon establishing an ecumenical Hellenism, competition for audiences with other forms of entertainment compelled sophists to adopt a more theatrical lecture style, where the aesthetics of performance were more important than edification, and laid the foundation for commodification. The socio-political Roman context encouraged dissembling, actively commodifying the role of the sophist and philosopher. In the end, the empty pleasures of spectacle allowed for a new moral code to adopt and adapt Greek philosophic education, heralding a slow decay of ancient Hellenism.L'étude présentée ici discute la marchandisation et la décadence de l'Hellénisme et de la paideia durant la Seconde Sophistique. L'essence de l'Hellénisme a dû changer d'une ethnique ésotérique à une éthique universelle et inclusive. La compétition pour une audience obligea les sophistes à adopter un style de cours davantage théâtral, dans lequel les apparences et le divertissement étaient plus importants que l'enseignement. Le contexte socio-politique romain encouragea également la dissimulation en marchandant activement le rôle du sophiste et du philosophe. À la fin, les plaisirs superflus du spectacle permirent à un nouveau code moral d'adopter et d'adapter une éducation philosophique grecque, annonçant un lent déclin de l'Hellénisme ancien.
5
Lamberto, Katie Ann. "The power dynamics of sound in Dionysiac cult and myth". Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725944.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A particular range of sounds express the presence and power of the god Dionysos. &Bgr;ϱóμιoς, an epithet almost exclusively applied to Dionysos, especially connotes powerful sounds from the natural world, frenetic sounds, and sounds construed as foreign. The kind of noise conveyed by the name &Bgr;ϱóμιoς is created in the ecstatic worship of Dionysos, generating an aurally-defined mobile and temporary Dionysiac space that blurs boundaries and infringes upon other types of spaces. Dionysiac sound conveys the vitality associated with Dionysos and provides a mechanism for his epiphany.
Accounting for Dionysos’ relationship with sound allows for new readings of Bacchae and Frogs. The aural aspects of Bacchae provide a counterpoint to its rich visual imagery. Pentheus threatens to silence Dionysos and remains oblivious to the importance of sound in Dionysiac worship. When he dresses as a maenad, he assumes only the visual aspects of the cult. Pentheus’ screams are incorporated into the Dionysiac soundscape before he dies, silenced forever. Aristophanes’ Frogs subverts the usual relationship between Dionysos and sound in a way that emphasizes the comical stereotype of the god as weak and incompetent. In particular, both choruses present Dionysiac sound to an oblivious Dionysos. He is irritated by the frogs and enthralled by the initiates.
6
Polyakov, Maxim. "The power of time : old age and old men in ancient Greek drama". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2d238e6d-e040-479a-ae8f-dcf5ecd7e838.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study of old age in the humanities has developed significantly in the last few decades, but there is still much scope for progress. This thesis, therefore, seeks to contribute to the growing academic discourse in this area by considering ageing as it is represented in ancient Greek theatre. At the same time, it seeks to take its place within Classical Studies by developing new readings of the plays. To develop a context for its analysis, this study begins with consideration of the contemporary demographics, social position, and stage portrayal of old age, and following this dedicates a chapter to each of the four surviving fifth century dramatists. In Aiskhylos’ Agamemnon, old age emerges as a crucial element in choral self-identity, and an important component of the authority that they display. Following this, the thesis considers the chorus of Euripides’ Herakles, in particular its use of metadramatic language, and the impact this has on plot-development and the representation of their age. The next chapter, on Oidipous Koloneus, shifts to consideration of the protagonist. The old age of Oidipous emerges as a powerful driver of his mental and spiritual power, and forms a striking background to the exploration of his character. The final chapter of the thesis examines how mechanisms of renewal that old men undergo in Aristophanes’ comedies (Knights, Akharnians, Peace, Wasps, Birds) differ across the dramas, and the impact this difference has on their interpretations. Such reassessments of ancient dramatic texts through the lens of old age can provide significant insight into the complexity of old men’s characterisations and of their involvement in the dramas. At the same time (from a gerontological perspective), this thesis’ analysis contributes to the developing discussion of the history of ageing, and highlights the differences between the ancient and modern worlds in this respect.
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Alameen, Antwanisha V. "Women's Access to Political Power in Ancient Egypt and Igboland: A Critical Study". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214768.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
African American StudiesPh.D.
This is an Afrocentric examination of women's use of agency in Ancient Egypt and Igboland. Most histories written on Kemetic women not only disconnect them from Africa but also fail to fully address the significance of their position within the political spiritual structure of the state. Additionally, the presence of matriarchy in Ancient Egypt is dismissed on the basis that patriarchy is the most visible and seemingly the most dominant form of governance. Diop contended that matriarchy was one of the key factors that connected Ancient Egypt with other parts of Africa which is best understood as the Africa cultural continuity theory. My research analyzes the validity of his theory by comparing how Kemetic women exercised agency in their political structure to how Igbo women exercised political agency. I identified Igbo women as a cultural group to be compared to Kemet because of their historical political resistance in their state during the colonial period. However, it is their traditional roles prior to British invasion that is most relevant to my study. I define matriarchy as the central role of the mother in the social and political function of societal structures, the political positions occupied by women that inform the decisions of the state and the inclusion of female principles within the religious-political order of the nation. Matriarchy as a critical framework was used to identify how Kemetic women and Igbo women accessed political power by means of motherhood, political leadership, and spiritual authority. The findings of this study show that Igbo women and Ancient Egyptian women were integral to the political operation of their states. Furthermore, the results indicate that Ancient Egypt and Igboland shared cultural commonalities as it relates to the roles that women occupied as spiritual specialists, political leaders and mothers.
Temple University--Theses
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COTE, JASON M. "THEODOSIUS AND THE GOTHS: THE LIMITS OF ROMAN POWER". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1078427793.
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Davidson, Alistair James. "'The glory of ruling makes all things permissible' : power and usurpation in Byzantium : some aspects of communication, legitimacy, and moral authority". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8410/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Byzantium, usurpation was made possible by the conflict between hereditary-dynastic and meritocratic-republican theories of rulership. Legitimacy was founded upon subjective notions of idealized moral-behavioural norms drawn from the imperial virtues and Christian ideology. Authority could be challenged when it was perceived to deviate from these norms. Investitures transformed a usurper from a private individual to an emperor on the basis of ratification by popular consent. The historic ritual of reluctance allowed emperors to present themselves as ‘moral ideals’ at the moment of proclamation, ridding them of blame for a usurpation. Guilt and sin were inevitable byproducts of usurpation, but imperial repentance facilitated an expiation and legitimized imperial authority in relation to moral ideals. On occasion a usurper’s successors would perform repentance on his behalf, freeing the dynasty from the sins of its foundation. The treatment of defeated usurpers could take a variety of forms: reconciliations enabled a peaceful ‘healing’ of the community. Political mutilations transformed the victim’s appearance and rendered him ‘other’ in an attempt to demonstrate his immorality and illegitimacy. Degradation parades inverted recognised investiture rites in order to permanently alter a victim’s identity and reveal him to be a tyrant, acting against the interests of the people.
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Wilkinson, Ryan Hayes. "The Last Horizons of Roman Gaul: Communication, Community, and Power at the End of Antiquity". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the fifth and sixth centuries CE, the Roman Empire fragmented, along with its network of political, cultural, and socio-economic connections. How did that network’s collapse reshape the social and mental horizons of communities in one part of the Roman world, now eastern France? Did new political frontiers between barbarian kingdoms redirect those communities’ external connections, and if so, how? To address these questions, this dissertation focuses on the cities of two Gallo-Roman tribal groups. The Aeduans and Lingons inhabited a strategic crossroads region in what is now Burgundy and Champagne, and between ca. 460-534 passed from Roman to barbarian rule – first under the Burgundians and then under the Merovingian Franks.
Close prosopographical study of the written sources and distribution-analysis of material sources – coins and ceramics – illuminate the region’s experience of the end of Empire. An unprecedented study of the distribution of Burgundian coins found in France revises the consensus model for the movement of gold coins across the post-Roman West. The dissertation’s multiple independent types of evidence reveal and mutually corroborate previously unrecognized communication patterns in late antique eastern Gaul. During the fifth and sixth centuries, Aeduan and Lingon communication horizons contracted sharply but unevenly. To the northwest, where Burgundians and Franks faced off across a sometimes-tense border, traditional socio-economic ties withered almost completely, only to resume after the Frankish conquests of the 530s. To the south, however, throughout the fifth and sixth centuries, Aeduans and Lingons more easily forged long-range connections across a different but also frequently hostile political border, with the Goths.
The struggles of violent kings, then, could decisively reshape communication networks, but did not always do so. To explain the importance of politics relative to other influences – social, economic, and environmental – the dissertation turns to social gravity and network analysis theories. The study culminates in a multi-scalar model for the complex and dynamic communications of late antique Gaul. That interdisciplinary approach models new methodological possibilities for explaining pre-modern communication history.History
11
Lanaras, Olivia. "Alcibiades: Unfulfilled Dreams of Unequivocal Power". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1719.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alcibiades was one of the most dynamic and engaging figures of the Peloponnesian War. Like a chameleon, he managed to change himself to fit almost any occasion and audience; few historical figures can claim to have successfully switched allegiances as many times during a conflict. Starting as a general in Athens, he moved on to side with the Spartans, then the Persians, and then returned to Athens. Some would consider him a young and impulsive egoist, but a closer investigation indicates that he more than likely had a larger, pragmatic goal motivating his actions. This essay will aim first to establish his break from the philosophical status quo of Athens, and then to determine the nature of these larger goals. It will pivot around Alcibiades’ address to the Athenian assembly, using it in a comparative analysis of both Pericles’ Funeral Oration, and briefly supplementing it with Plato’s Alcibiades I.
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Hayden, Margaret. "The Medici Example: How Power Creates Art and Art Creates Power". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3917.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This project looks at two members of Florence’s Medici family, Cosimo il Vecchio (1389-1464) and Duke Cosimo I (1519-1574), in an attempt to assess how they used the patronage of art to facilitate their rule. By looking at their individual political representations through art, the specifics of their propagandist works and what form these pieces of art came, it is possible to analyze their respective rules. This analysis allows for a clearer understanding of how these two men, each in very different positions, found art as an ally for their political endeavors. While they were in power only one hundred years apart, they present uniquely different strategies for the purpose of creating and maintaining their power through the patronage of art.
13
Mahmoud, Omar. "La répartition des pouvoirs en Syrie à l’époque du Bronze Récent : d’après les textes akkadiens d’Emar et d’Ougarit". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’intérêt historique suscité par la richesse des vestiges provenant d’Emar et d’Ougarit ainsi que de plusieurs autres cités de l’époque, notamment Alalaḫ, nous a poussé à nous intéresser à la répartition des pouvoirs en Syrie à l’époque du Bronze Récent, question pour laquelle peu d’études des synthèse ont été consacrées à l’heure actuelle.Nous concentrerons notre étude sur plusieurs villes à l’époque du Bronze Récent, depuis le début de la deuxième moitié de deuxième millénaire jusqu’au début de XIIe siècle av. J.-C.Certes, Il existe un pouvoir religieux, économique ; mais le plus souvent la notion de pouvoir sous-entend la présence d’une puissance politique à laquelle est soumise une communauté. Nous distinguerons donc les termes d’ « autorité » et de « pouvoir », ce dernier devant être considéré comme l’application et la manifestation de l’autorité.Les textes anciens représentent pour notre étude une documentation directe. Les tablettes provenant des cités syriennes de cette époque sont au cœur de notre étude. Il s’agit surtout de tablettes cunéiformes écrites en akkadien.Nous pensons qu’une recherche analytique et comparative nous aidera de mieux connaître les différents types de pouvoir en Syrie, de repérer les divers détenteurs du pouvoir au Bronze Récent et de définir les caractéristiques propres à l’organisation politique syrienne durant cette même périodeThe historical interest generated by the rich archaeological remains from Emar and Ugarit as well as several other cities of the era, including Alalah, encouraged us to take an interest in the distribution of power in Syria at the Late Bronze Age, a question for which few synthesis studies have been devoted today. We focus our study on several cities during the Late Bronze Age, since the beginning of the second half of the second millennium to the early twelfth century BC.Certainly, there is a religious power and economic power, but more often the notion of power implies the presence of a political power which is subject to a community. We therefore distinguish the terms “authority” and “power”, the latter to be considered the application and demonstration of authority. The ancient texts represent a direct documentation for this study. The akkadian cuneiform tablets from the Syrian cities of this period are in the middle of our research.We believe that a comparative and analytical research will help us better understand the different types of power in Syria, to identify the various rulers of the Late Bronze Age and define the characteristics of the Syrian political organization during this period
14
Strong, Meghan. "Illuminating the path of darkness : social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276912.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials-based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology. A comparison of the archaeological and textual evidence allows for a discussion on the consumption of lighting in ancient Egypt and its impact on social and economic spheres. From this material it becomes apparent that artificial light was a luxury and this corresponds to its inclusion in religious texts and iconography, as well as the presence of lighting implements in tombs of the wealthy elite. The second half of the thesis examines the ritual application of artificial light, incorporating iconographic and textual evidence, consideration of ritual space and timing, and experimental archaeology. This interdisciplinary approach allows for a discussion of the sensory experience of artificial lighting and its perceived potency in ancient Egypt. It also demonstrates the contribution that Egyptology can make to lychnological and sensory studies of the ancient Near East and Mediterranean by examining the impact of light on phenomenology and aesthetics.
15
Given, Michael John Martin. "Symbols, power and the construction of identity in the city-kingdoms of ancient Cyprus, c.750-312 B.C". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272556.
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Patrick, Timothy Ian Waterer. "James VI, parliament, and the Scottish ancient constitution, origins of law and power in Scotland in the sixteenth century". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22376.pdf.
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Taylor, Glen A. "Supernatural power ritual and divination in ancient Israelite society : a social-scientific, poetics, and comparative analysis of Deuteronomy 18". Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2005. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3144/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thesis argued for here is that a social-scientific, poetics, and comparative analysis reveals that all the religious phenomena listed in Deuteronomy 1 8.10-11 are bound together in a conceptual unity. The religious practitioners and practices enumerated properly portray various elements characteristic of ANE religious beliefs in conflict with an emerging, world-constructing, and ideologically explicit Yahwistic vision of reality. Furthermore, Deuteronomy presents the Yahwistic prophet, the nābi’ as the preeminent symbol of Yahwistic reality, which seeks to replace all other notions of reality in the Israelite community. This study makes contributions to an interdisciplinary approach to biblical interpretation by using a combination of social-scientific criticism, poetics literary analysis, and comparative analysis of ANE religions and ethnographic field studies. Special significance is given to Meir Sternberg's poetics analysis, Peter Berger's theory of world-construction, Michael Carrither's theory of intersubjectivity, and Douglas Davies' theory of clusters of belief This study also makes contributions to the understanding of the unique role of the Yahwistic prophet as preeminent cultural symbol in Israelite society.
18
Hazel, Ruth Mary. "The mediation in late twentieth-century English theatres of selected ancient Greek tragedy texts and themes concerned with women and power". Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/18864/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis posits a dialogue between ancient Greek and modern English theatres and gives evidence of this dialogue by relating Merent aspects of modem theatre to the recent performance reception in England of specific Greek texts or images which are concerned with women possessed of or by some extraordinary power. Chapter I opens with an account of the aims and scope of the thesis, and discusses some of the problems of translating ancient Greek tragedies onto modem English stages. Each of the following chapters examines some aspect of late twentiethcentury English theatre in relation to its reception through performance of a Greek original text or theme. Chapter 2 deals with changes in English theatre over the last three decades, as reflected by versions of the Bacchae. Chapter 3 is about the role of the actress in performing Medea. Chapter 4 discusses how playwrights have translated for theatre some ancient Greek myths concerning women and sex. Chapter 5 considers the use of Antigone in the field of drama in education, and Chapter 6, the part women theatre practitioners have played in translating Greek drama into English theatres, with special reference to two productions of 'anti-war' plays: the Royal National Theatre's Women of Troy and the Royal Shakespeare Company's The Phoenician Women. The final section of the last chapter reflects on the way the anxieties of male creators and consumers of Greek tragedies about women with power have been interpreted in English theatres, and the importance of the study of reception through performance for scholars working on the original texts.
19
Hazel, Ruth Mary. "The mediation in late twentieth-century English theatres of selected ancient Greek tragedy texts and themes concerned with women and power". n.p, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Testo completo
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McOmish, David Malcolm. "The Roman elite and the power of the past : continuity and change in Ostrogothic Italy". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2430/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the changes forced upon the Roman elite in the evolving political climate of Ostrogothic Italy. It examines what mechanisms the Roman elite employed to renegotiate their position of influence within the state. The relationship the elite had with the past provides evidence for wider changes in society. I assert that, using the language and landscape of the past, the elite formed discourses which responded to, and which attempted to facilitate a realignment in, a changing environment. The education system still provided the Roman elite with a mechanism through which they could define themselves and prepare for what they considered to be the important aspects of the world outside the classroom. Religious discussions and debate in the post-imperial Italy of Late Antiquity were increasingly directed toward attempts to reunite the fractured Roman Empire through a unified empire of Orthodox faith. Having such a close relationship with the Roman Empire and its political and philosophical culture, education and religion are particularly suitable fields to reflect the changes to the political map of the Roman Empire. Focusing on the elite’s relationship with education and religion, this thesis will uncover examples of continuity and change which are implied by the construction of, and interaction with, discourses designed to facilitate the elite’s renegotiation strategies. Reconstructing the education of prominent members of the elite from their writings provides the evidence for such discourses. The emphasis on this part of the thesis is on discovering how the discourses circulating in relation to education responded to the political and philosophical problems through the language of the past and what these responses tell us about changes in the present. The religious discussion focuses on the attempts of the opinion formers in Italy to create and direct narratives designed to establish the superiority of one religious world-view over another. An examination of the language of tradition in the construction of these narratives provides evidence for the potency of the past in the decision-making process and ideology- forming strategies of the Roman elite. It also provides evidence for the changes in society to which the strategies were responding. A final-chapter case study provides an opportunity to see evidence of the effectiveness of these discourse-forming strategies. In this chapter we see a contemporary historical source interacting with those narratives and discourses we witnessed the elite employing in the education and religion chapters. It also provides an opportunity to see how the past is used to justify the actions of the Roman elite in Ostrogothic Italy to a post-Gothic audience (as the work was composed in the immediate aftermath of the fall of Ostrogothic Italy). This final consideration provides an instructive contrast which brings into sharp focus the extent and nature of continuity and change brought about by the Ostrogothic state.
21
Esu, Alberto. "Divided power and deliberation : decision-making procedures in the Greek City-States (434-150 B.C.)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33154.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis examines the institutional design and the procedures regulating the decree-making in the poleis of the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The main contention of this thesis is that Greek decree-making is to be conceived as the result of a multi-layered system of interaction and delegation of deliberative authority among different institutions: councils, officials, assemblies and lawcourts. My thesis argues, therefore, that decree-making procedures were specifically designed to implement the concept of 'divided power', a value shared by both democracies and non-democratic regimes, and to shape the collective behaviour of the citizens when acting as decision-makers within the institutions. By adopting models from the political sciences, my thesis bridges the gap between institutional approaches to political decision-making and more recent approaches that have stressed the role of values and ideology as key factors to understand ancient Greek politics. Chapter 1 lays out the methodology of the thesis informed by the New Historical Institutionalism. Chapter 2 analyses the practice of delegation of power from the Athenian Assembly to the Athenian Council in order to enact additional measures. The careful study of the delegation-clauses sheds light on the administrative power of the Council by demonstrating that the Council played a proper policy-making role through the enactment of a decree, which was the product of Council's expertise in defined matters, such as religious affairs, foreign policy and the navy. Chapter 3 builds on the findings of the previous chapter, and shows the workings and development of delegation-clauses to the Council in two examples from outside Athens, Mytilene and Megalopolis over the longue durée. Chapter 4 deals with the deliberative procedures of Hellenistic Sparta. The Spartan 'divided power' envisaged that the Gerousia shared the probouleutic power with the ephors who could independently submit the bill to the Assembly. The Gerousia, however, held the power of nomophylakia and could veto the final decree. This chapter shows that divided power and the need of legal stability were addressed by Spartan institutions, but with different results because of the wider powers of officials in the decree-making. This chapter introduces the important issue of the balance between people's deliberation and stability of the legal order, which form an important focus of chapters 5 and 6. Chapter 5 discusses the role played by legal procedure of the adeia in fifth-century deliberative decision-making in the Assembly. This chapter provides a new comprehensive account of this legal institution. Adeia instituted a pre-nomothetic procedure, according to which the Assembly could change an entrenched piece of legislation or decree without clashing with the nomothetic ideology. Chapter 6 examines the relationship between deliberation and judicial review in the Greek poleis. The first section discusses the Athenian graphe paranomon, the public charge against an illegal decree. A thorough analysis of the legal procedure and of the institutional design shows that deliberative decisions were made within the framework of the rule of law and the graphe paranomon enforced this principle. This did not imply an institutional prominence of the lawcourts in the Athenian decision-making. The lawcourts performed an important role in the deliberative process through providing a safeguard of legal consistency by adding the legal expertise of the judges to the general rationale of the decree-making. The second part of the chapter is dedicated to the discussion of evidence of judicial review from outside Athens and the multifaceted role of the Hellenistic practice of appointing foreign judges in adjudicating public lawsuits, and especially in the judicial review of decrees.
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Storey, Lyndon, e Lyndon Storey. "CLIMBING A TREE TO LOOK FOR FISH: MENCIUS AND KENNETH WALTZ DEBATE THE BALANCE OF POWER FROM ANCIENT CHINA TO POST COLD WAR NATO". University of Sydney. Discipline of Government and International Relations, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/723.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis introduces a " new " international relations theorist who is also, in fact, one of the oldest of international relations theorists. Mencius (Meng Zi 371-289 BCE) is well known to students of Chinese culture as a key figure in the history of Confucianism and in the history of China: the second sage no less. Yet modern scholars usually study him, if he is studied at all, for an idea of how " Chinese" think rather than as a thinker worth studying for his own sake. I decided to study Mencius as an international relations theorist in response to the common criticism that international relations, the academic discipline, is too "e; eurocentric". This criticism has been made many times. My goal however was not to repeat the criticism but to find a major thinker outside the euro-centric world. Such a thinker could be presented as an international relations theorist and thus demonstrate that we should indeed heed the critics of euro-centrism and make studies outside the euro-centric framework rather than simply announce that international relations is euro-centric and proceed to make another euro-centric study. This study of Mencius, qua international relations theorist, illustrates that point. Mencius lived in a world of warring states and tried to bring peace and order to that world. In the course of doing so he developed a sophisticated international relations theory which can be used to analyse events in the contemporary world. In this thesis I offer a comparison of Mencius and Kenneth N Waltz, a famous contemporary international relations theorist, to show the strength of Mencius theory. Mencius argues that an anarchical system of states can become an ordered one if the order is legitimised by what he calls " benevolence" , an ethic based on universal values. Waltz argues that values can never underpin an order that runs contrary to states interests. Once an anarchical international system has commenced balance of power formations will rise to stop it moving towards order. The disagreement between Mencius and Waltz is profound; it is not simply about the patterns of international relations ii systems but whether a policy of reform based on values can succeed in the international arena. Waltz, and the vast majority of international relations theorists, answer that question in the negative. This " ruling out" of progress distinguishes the study of international politics from the study of domestic politics. Mencius does not rule it out; he offers hope for progress and reform in the international arena. Thus the attempt to address one problem, euro-centrism, led me to approach the greatest problem, the denial of a role for values in the international world. The thesis sets out to show that Mencius international relations theory has greater explanatory power than the theory of Waltz, the arch positivist. The thesis also seeks to demonstrate that it is a mistake to rule values out of international politics.
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Storey, Lyndon. "Climbing a tree to look for fish Mencius and Kenneth Waltz debate the balance of power from ancient China to post Cold War NATO /". Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/723.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed 15 April 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Government and International Relations. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2001. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Molinié, Philippe. "Recherches en Electrostatique - Actualité d'une science ancienne et applications à la caractérisation des matériaux. Mémoire d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540737.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les activités électrostatiques que j'ai développées à Supélec sont les très modestes héritières d'une histoire prestigieuse, puisqu'elles sont en définitive issues des choix de Frédéric Joliot- Curie, qui dans les années 30 avait développé les premiers accélérateurs de particules français en créant le Laboratoire de Synthèse Atomique. Pour cela, il fallait notamment maîtriser la production et l'utilisation de tensions de plusieurs MV. Ces compétences « haute tension » ont été regroupées par la suite dans le Laboratoire de Physique des Décharges, qui a finalement abouti dans les locaux de Supélec. Roland Coelho, au début des années 1980, y apporta les premières sondes de mesure de potentiel et c'est dans ce laboratoire, aujourd'hui disparu en tant qu'entité indépendante, que j'ai fait ma thèse sous la direction de Max Goldman, à la frontière entre la physique de la décharge et l'électrostatique. Ces activités ont été ensuite transférées au Département Energie, avec le début de mon activité en 1994. Depuis, j'ai été le seul enseignant-chercheur permanent à porter cette thématique dans le Département, même si elle présente un lien avec l'activité menée par Emmanuel Odic et Mike Kirkpatrick sur les applications des plasmas froids. On peut regrouper mes travaux de recherche depuis lors selon 4 lignes directrices : 1) La modélisation dans toutes ses composantes du comportement d'un matériau soumis à une charge électrique : mon apport essentiel est d'avoir développé un mode opératoire permettant une exploitation plus sûre et plus détaillée des mesures de déclin de potentiel. D'une part, en montrant la nécessité de prendre en compte la superposition de mécanismes multiples dans la réponse d'un isolant lorsqu'on effectue ce type d'expérience, et d'autre part, en proposant de nouveaux outils de représentation ne préjugeant pas de la nature physique des phénomènes . 2) Le développement de techniques électrostatiques : différents outils pour varier le dépôt de charge (contact, corona, rouleau...), un banc de cartographie 2D de potentiel, un banc permettant la mesure de la dérive du potentiel d'une isolation polarisée en alternatif après l'ouverture du circuit, des dispositifs de mesure de charge. 3) La caractérisation de matériaux et de systèmes par des mesures de potentiel : ces mesures se sont montrées très bien adaptées pour mesurer les seuils d'injection de charge et la polarisation lente du polypropylène, du polyéthylène, de l'époxy, et d'élastomères silicones. Et la cartographie un bon outil pour localiser des fragilités locales à champ élevé (films polypropylène pour des condensateurs) et observer la progression souterraine de la corrosion sous des systèmes de peinture anticorrosion . 4) L'animation de la communauté française en Electrostatique, et une réflexion sur l'histoire de cette discipline : en France, l'Electrostatique apparaît peu comme champ de recherche autonome. La société française d'Electrostatique (SFE) a été fondée en 1997 pour répondre à ce problème, et s'insérer dans un réseau international déjà développé par ailleurs, notamment au Japon et aux Etats-Unis. Nous avons organisé à Supélec en 2008 sa 6ème conférence, et j'ai eu l'honneur d'être Guest Editor du 1er numéro spécial de IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation consacré à l'électrostatique. Par ailleurs, j'ai commencé une activité de recherche en histoire des sciences sur cette discipline, autour de deux axes : le rôle de l'électrostatique dans l'histoire de la radioactivité et du développement de la physique atomique en France, et l'utilisation de l'Electrostatique dans la médiatisation de la science.
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Silva, Camila Borges da. "O símbolo indumentário: distinção e prestígio no Rio de Janeiro (1808-1821)". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO presente trabalho analisa a indumentária da Corte do Rio de Janeiro entre 1808 e 1821. Com a transferência da Corte portuguesa para o Rio de Janeiro foram estabelecidas relações de interpenetração entre a elite de negociantes de grosso trato fluminenses e as elites portuguesas recém-chegadas. Estas relações são analisadas através da indumentária, pois, esta, além de expressar o poderio econômico, demarcava o lugar ocupado pelo sujeito na hierarquia social, bem como a que corpo ele pertencia, pois existiam uniformes, que somente poderiam ser usados por quem ocupasse algum cargo público, e insígnias de Ordens Militares, que eram dadas pelo rei através de mercês régias. Assim, através da indumentária, analisa-se como esses negociantes buscaram se inserir na lógica do Antigo Regime por meio do uso de símbolos de prestígio, expressos em suas vestimentas
The present work analyzes the fashion of the Rio de Janeiros Court between 1808 and 1821. Due to the transfer of Portuguese Court to Rio de Janeiro it was established relations of interpenetration between the elite of grosso trato dealers from Rio de Janeiro and the newcomers portugueses elites. These relations are analyzed through fashion, because, besides the fact that it could express economic power, demarcated the place occupied by the person in the social hierarchy, as well as the social group that he belonged to, because there were uniforms, which could be used only by who occupied some public posts, and insignias of Militaries Orders, which were given by the king through the mercês régias. Therefore, through fashion, its possible to see how these dealers searched get into the Ancient Regime logical, trough symbols of prestige and distinction
26
Kiesow, Anna. "Löwinnen von Juda - Frauen als Subjekte politischer Macht in der judäischen Königszeit". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Theologische Fakultät, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14435.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Die Dissertation "Löwinnen von Juda. Frauen als Subjekte politischer Macht in der judäischen Königszeit" behandelt den möglichen Anteil von Frauen innerhalb von Politik und Verwaltung des antiken Juda (c. 950-589 v.Chr). Eingesetzt wird mit einem kurzen Überblick zu Leben und Arbeit von Frauen in der Epoche. Hierbei erfolgt erstmals eine systematische Zusammenstellung bislang publizierter Frauensiegel. In einem zweiten Schritt werden Frauen am Jerusalemer Königshof in den Blick genommen und besonders ihr Part im "öffentlichen Leben" diskutiert. Hiervon gesondert wird die in der bisherigen Forschung aufgestellte These von einer "weiblichen Leitungsfuktion" am Jerusalemer Hof diskutiert, dem sog. "Gebirah-Amt", das meist von den Müttern der Könige von Juda besetzt worden sein soll. In einem letzten Schritt wird das die politischen Aktivitäten ebendieser Königsmütter betreffende Material untersucht."Lionesses of Judah. Women as agents of political power in Ancient Judah" deals with the part women might have played within the politics and administration in the classical period of the Judean Kingdom (c. 950-589 BC). After an introductory chapter, the second chapter sketches briefly what is known on women?s occupations in that period in general. Specail attention is drawn to the existence of a fair number of seals bearing women?s names: The function of these seals equials a credit card in modern times in signifying its owner?s economic and hence possibly political power. The third chapter focusus on women?s presence an functions at the royal court in Jerusalem. Former research in the field having hypothesised that the Hebrew word "Gevirah" denotes a specific office at the Judean court held exclusively by females, viz. the queen mothers, both the meaning of the Hebrew word and the attached theory are exxamined in great detail in the fourth chapter. The last chapter discusses the known material on the diverse political activities of the Judean queen mothers in chronological order.
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LaManna, Kathleen. "Power and Nostalgia in Eras of Cultural Rebirth: The Timeless Allure of the Farnese Antinous". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/176.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Little did Hadrian know in 130 A.D. that when he deified his beloved departed Antinous, in order to provide a unifying symbol of worship for his diverse empire, that he was instead creating a lasting symbol of the antique world. This thesis examines the power of nostalgia and its successful use by two formidable men from different eras in Rome: The Emperor Hadrian and the extravagantly wealthy Renaissance merchant Agostino Chigi. Though separated by centuries, each man used the nostalgic allure of the beautiful youthful male figure of Antinous to gain power and influence in his own time and to leave a lasting impact on generations to come. Using the statue known as the Farnese Antinous I will show that these very different men were not so different after all: each understood the human tendency to romanticize the past, and each attempted to evoke a feeling of nostalgia for the past from those they sought to “conquer.” Hadrian used portraits of Antinous to unite an empire and cement his place in history; Agostino used one of those very same portraits in commissioned artworks by Raphael to earn his place among the nobility of his day, and to leave a lasting legacy for his descendants.
28
Lazzarini, Catherine Marie. "Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige en Mésopotamie et en Syrie du Nord au Bronze Ancien". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20023/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige sont spécifiques d’une partie de la communauté détenant un pouvoir régional ou local. Dans le contexte du Bronze Ancien en Mésopotamie et en Syrie, l’étude archéologique a permis de distinguer les tombes de prestige des autres tombes selon trois critères principaux : l’architecture monumentale, la localisation topographique et le matériel funéraire déposés dans les tombes. Ces traits constituent un ensemble de signes complexes intégré dans un discours idéologique. L’étude a eu pour objectif de replacer les pratiques funéraires dans la société et les pratiques rituelles et sociales du pouvoir. Une perspective anthropologique apportée au sujet des tombes royales et de prestige a permis de mettre en évidence comment les pratiques funéraires sont un instrument institutionnel de manipulation idéologique, intégrées dans un discours social et politique structuré. Comme d’autres moments centraux de la société, les pratiques funéraires sont des pratiques rituelles et sociales qui jouent un rôle dans la représentation du pouvoir des élites et la structuration de la communauté. Elles permettent de reproduire et de maintenir l’équilibre social et de justifier le pouvoir des dites élitesThe royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are specific of a group detaining a regional power or local power. We have identified archaeological traits in the Syrian and Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age context which could distinguish the prestige tombs from the others. These formal features are the monumental architecture, the specific location of the prestige tombs and the group of graves associated, and the grave goods. The wealth of the deposition and the structure are characteristics of the prestige tombs and it constitutes complex signs integrated in an ideological discourse. Thus, an anthropological perspective has been essential to appreciate the social implication of the elite funerary practices. As others main events in the society, funerary practices of prestige are rituals and social practices which play a role in the representation of the elite power and in the structure of the society. The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are social instruments of ideological manipulation; the funerary practices are integrated in social discourse through rituals in order to reproduce and maintain social structure and justify the elite power
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Laffon, Amarande. "L’ἀναρχία (anarchia) en Grèce antique". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’anarchia désigne au sens propre la vacance du pouvoir dans la sphère militaire (la mort du chef sur le champ de bataille) et dans la sphère politique (la vacance de la magistrature, en particulier éponyme). La notion est vite devenue plus générale et exprime au figuré le manque ou le refus du commandement. Elle se rapproche des sens d’insubordination, insoumission, indiscipline, licence et désordre. L’expérience effective de la vacance du pouvoir dans les cités grecques, sa représentation et sa conceptualisation constituent les axes principaux de cette recherche. L’anarchia est envisagée à l’échelle de l’âme, de la famille, de la cité, voire de l’univers. Elle engage une réflexion sur l’articulation entre deux principes a priori antagonistes, l’aspiration à la liberté et la nécessité de l’ordre, et par conséquent sur les fondements de l’exercice légitime du pouvoir. L’étude repose sur l’analyse précise des emplois du terme anarchia dans les sources épigraphiques, historiques, littéraires et philosophiques. La première partie envisage les vacances effectives des magistratures dans le cadre du cours normal ou d’une rupture du fonctionnement des institutions ainsi que les palliatifs mis en place. Les occurrences du terme anarchia concernent les cités d’Athènes, Thasos, Téos, Syros et Bérénikè. S’ajoutent les emplois problématiques des termes akosmia à propos du régime crétois par Aristote et atagia dans les inscriptions thessaliennes. La deuxième partie envisage l’évolution sémantique du terme de l’absence de chef à l’anarchie chez les historiens et les poètes tragiques et la place de l’anarchia dans les théories du commandement élaborées par Xénophon, Platon et AristoteThe term anarchia refers literally to the absence of power, in the military sphere (that caused by the loss of a commander), and the political sphere (the absence of archontes, specifically the eponymous archon). The concept quickly generalised, coming to designate in the figurative sense the lack and want of power or the rejection and negation of power. It approaches the meanings of insubordination, rebelliousness, unruliness, licentiousness and disorder. The actual experience of power vacuum in the cities of Ancient Greece and how the Greeks represented it and conceptualised it are the three main lines of this research. Anarchia is conceived not only in the city but also in the soul of the individual, in the family, or even in the universe. It demands reflection on the articulation between two seemingly antagonistic principles, the desire for freedom and the necessity of order, and consequently upon the foundations of legitimate authority. This work relies on a precise analysis of the term anarchia in the epigraphic, historical, literary and philosophical sources. The first part deals with actual periods of power vacuum in the ordinary course of political life or in the context of institutional disruption and the implemented remedies. The term anarchia is employed in the cities of Athens, Thasos, Teos, Syros and Berenike. One must add the problematical use of the terms acosmia by Aristotle regarding the Cretan regime and atagia in the Thessalian inscriptions. The second part deals with the semantic evolution of the term from the absence of ruler to anarchy in the work of historians and tragic poets and the role of anarchia in the theory of leadership developed by Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle
30
Anttila, T. (Tero). "The power of antiquity:the Hyperborean research tradition in early modern Swedish research on national antiquity". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526207148.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract My thesis focuses on the incorporation of Hyperboreans, a mythical classical race, into the prevailing Gothic or Geatic narrative of national history in seventeenth and eighteenth century Swedish historiography. The beatific Hyperboreans were identified with ancient Swedes to emphasise that the Gothic ancestors of Sweden’s rulers had not been mere mediaeval barbarians. The most extreme proponents of this Hyperborean research tradition claimed that a high culture had thrived in Sweden before classical antiquity. They asserted that traces of this highly-developed northern civilisation could be found in the Bible, classical writings and mediaeval historiography, as well as the domestic antiquities such as runestones and Old Norse writings. By close-reading published and unpublished writings of historians and antiquaries, I examined the overarching and shared distinctive features within this Hyperborean research tradition. This involved an analysis of the main content of this research tradition in its learned, mostly Western European historiographical setting. I focused especially on understanding the Hyperborean research tradition within the intellectual traditions of constructing fabulous pasts. The seventeenth century was a period of institutionalisation of historical and antiquarian research in Sweden and Europe. Hence, I also studied the role of specific politico-historical and institutional conditions in the emergence, development and decline of the Hyperborean research tradition. By combining these two approaches, I attempted to strike a balance between research on long-term intellectual traditions and short-term immediate situations in which the ideas about the Hyperboreans were developed and used. Ultimately my thesis illustrates that the Hyperborean research tradition was a fairly coherent tradition of research. It arose in the early seventeenth century as part of the political pursuits and problems of Swedish monarchs in the domestic front and the Baltics. The tradition dominated Swedish historiography during the period of Swedish absolutism (1690–1720), before gradually crumbling from 1730s onwards. The emergence, development and decline of the Hyperborean research tradition were all a result of complex historiographical and politico-institutional factorsTiivistelmä Keskityn väitöskirjassani 1600- ja 1700-lukujen ruotsalaisen historiankirjoituksen ilmiöön, jossa antiikin kirjoitusten myyttiset hyperborealaiset sisällytettiin niin kutsuttuun goottilaiseen historianarratiiviin. Tämä varhaismodernissa Ruotsissa suosittu historianarratiivi perustui näkemykseen Raamatun Maagogista sotaisten goottien sekä ruotsalaisten kantaisänä. Eurooppalaiset humanistit kuvasivat kuitenkin gootit keskiaikaisina barbaareina, minkä vastapainoksi oppineet Ruotsissa esittivät kotimaiset gootit sivistyneinä ja hurskaina hyperborealaisina. Hyperborealaisen tutkimusperinteen keskeisin tutkimuskohde oli muinaisen Ruotsin kulttuuri, jonka väitettiin levinneen Upsalasta aina Välimerelle saakka jo ennen kreikkalais-roomalaista antiikkia. Tukeakseen väitteitään oppineet käyttivät lähteinään antiikin kirjoitusten ohella Raamattua ja keskiajan historiantutkimusta. 1600-luvun mittaan he hyödynsivät kasvavassa määrin myös pohjolan alueen muinaismuistoja, kuten muinaisnorjalaisia kirjoituksia ja riimukiviä. Tutkimukseni lähdeaineisto muodostuu hyperborealaiseen perinteeseen kuuluneiden oppineiden julkaistuista ja julkaisemattomista kirjoituksista. Tarkastelen tutkimusperinteen yhtenäisyyttä analysoimalla sen keskeisimpiä yhdistäviä ja erottavia käsityksiä. Analyysini kattaa myös sen opillisten, lähinnä historiantutkimuksellisten puitteiden määrittämisen. Pyrin erityisesti ymmärtämään hyperborealaista tutkimusperinnettä osana varhaismodernille ajalle tyypillisiä historianarratiiveja tarunomaisesta kansallisesta muinaisuudesta. Ruotsalainen historian- ja muinaistutkimus institutionaalistui 1700-luvulla. Täten tarkastelen työn pääasiallisen tutkimusongelman ohella, kuinka poliittiset ja institutionaalisetolosuhteet myötävaikuttivat hyperborealaisen tutkimusperinteen kehittymiseen, vakiintumiseen ja asteittaiseen murenemiseen. Osoitan tutkimuksessani, että hyperborealainen tutkimusperinne syntyi 1600-luvun alussa liittyen Ruotsin kuninkaiden poliittisiin pyrkimyksiin sekä kotirintamalla että Itämerellä. Sen valtakausi sijoittui aikavälille 1685–1720, jolloin Ruotsin itsevaltiaat kuninkaat hyödynsivät hyperborealaisiin liitettäviä teemoja propagandassaan. Tutkimusperinteen vaiheittainen mureneminen tapahtui 1700-luvun puolivälissä. Sen taustalla oli useita poliittisia, institutionaalisia ja opillisia tekijöitä
31
Cobb, Morgan B. "Sex, Chastity, and Political Power in Medieval and Early Renaissance Representations of the Ermine". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1458578117.
Testo completo
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Björkegren, Jakob. "Prefekten Orestes : En maktanalys av skildringen av Praefectus Augustalis". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413767.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this study is to examine and analyse how the Alexandrian prefect Orestes of late antiquity and his management of the events of 414-415 were depicted in the ancient sources: Socrates Scholasticus, John of Nikiu and Damascius. By applying S. Brownes rhetoric analysis to remove the authors “filters” in their depiction and then applying French & Ravens bases of power to analyse how prefect Orestes power were depicted. Th analyses also applies the bases of power on bishop Cyril and philosopher Hypatia as the study found it difficult to analyses the prefect without them. The result of the analysis and discussion mainly found that the depiction of the prefect Orestes is affected by the rhetoric “filterers” of the three ancient authors. The study also found that the depiction of prefect Orestes and how he managed the events between 414-415 is always dependent on the office of prefectures authority and power. This what French & Raven call legitimate power. Prefect Orestes actions were based on the office of prefecture authority and power, in accordance to the social structure and cultural rules. He was always depicted as the prefect not the person Orestes.
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Edwin, Dalino. "Les grands prêtres d’Égypte à la fin du Nouvel Empire (XIXe-XXe dynasties) : histoire du haut clergé sous les Ramessides". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30054.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans la continuité des travaux effectués précédemment, le projet sera de reconstituer le mieux possible l’histoire des grands prêtres d'Égypte à l'époque ramesside, principaux détenteurs de l'autorité locale, et de leurs principaux contemporains. Cet objectif nécessitera de rassembler et d'analyser de manière approfondie les sources disponibles, dont celles qu’ont laissés ces hauts personnages : stèles, bas-reliefs, statues, monuments funéraires… Ce premier travail permettra tout d’abord de réaliser une chronologie pertinente et de comprendre la généalogie des différentes familles impliquées puis les liens entre elles. Ensuite, il faudra étudier les caractéristiques de leurs fonctions afin de mieux cerner leur importance respective. Ces deux premières phases du développement constitueront le préalable à une approche historique, tentant de situer chaque personnage par rapport au pharaon régnant, mais également par rapport aux autres notables contemporains. De cette manière, il sera sans doute possible de comprendre le rôle qu’ils ont pu jouer et leur impact sur l’histoire de l’Égypte de la fin du Nouvel Empire, qui précéda la Troisième Période IntermédiaireIn the continuity of my works executed before, the project will be to reconstruct the best possible the history of high priests of Egypt during the End of the New Kingdom, main characters of local power. This goal will require a gathering and a thorough analysis of archaeologic documents this high personages have left : steles, low-relief, statues, funerary monuments... This first work will allow foremost to achieve a chronology and to understand the genealogy of involved families, then relationship between its. Then, I will have to study caracteristics of their functions to better understand their significance. This first two phases of the development will constitute the introduction to an historical essay, which will try to site each character in relation with Pharaoh and also with others characters of the same time. In this way, we will be certainly able to understand their role and impact on the history of Egypt of the end of the New Kingdom, just before the Third Intermediary Period
34
Melo, José Correa de. "Modos de governar e administrar : os conselhos políticos e administrativos de D. Pedro II a partir da seção de fazenda do conselho de estado (1842-1889)". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/185065.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O presente trabalho realizou uma análise e classificação das consultas da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado, que funcionou no Brasil Império no período de 1842 a 1889, a partir dos modelos administrativos e de governo que influenciaram o funcionamento e organização da administração e do Conselho de Estado. Buscou-se no modelo corporativo do Antigo Regime português as primeiras fontes e raízes para o modelo polissinodal e de governo por conselhos. Posteriormente novos paradigmas e idéias político-administrativas entraram em linha de conta no modelo português, como foi o caso, no século XVIII, dos paradigmas relacionados ao chamado Estado de Polícia. Essas fases da formação do Estado Moderno e paradigmas de governo e administração influenciaram o modelo político adotado no Brasil independente e constitucional e vieram a conformar a atuação do Conselho de Estado no Segundo Reinado. A partir da análise da produção da Seção de Fazenda do Conselho de Estado é possível mapear continuidades e rupturas com modelos anteriores e a adoção de novos paradigmas de governo e administração e explicar o funcionamento do Conselho de Estado sob D. Pedro II.The present work carried out an analysis and classification of the consultations of the Finance Section of the Council of State, which operated in Empire of Brazil from 1842 to 1889, from the administrative and governmental models that influenced the functioning and organization of the administration and the Council of State. The first sources and roots for the polissynodal model and for government by councils were sought in the corporate model of the Old Portuguese Regime. Subsequently new paradigms and political-administrative ideas came into account in the Portuguese model, as was the case, in the eighteenth century, of paradigms related to the so-called Police State. These phases of the formation of the Modern State and paradigms of government and administration influenced the political model adopted in independent and constitutional Brazil and came to conform the performance of the Council of State in the Second Reign. From the analysis of the production of the Finance Section of the Council of State it is possible to map out continuities and ruptures with previous models and the adoption of new paradigms of government and administration and to explain the functioning of the Council of State under D. Pedro II.
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Motta, Anne. "Noblesse et pouvoir princier dans la Lorraine ducale (vers 1620-1737)". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783416.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse porte sur les relations entre la noblesse et le prince dans les duchés de Lorraine au coursd'une période qui s'étend des années 1620 à 1737. Elle les explore dans le cadre d'un renforcement du pouvoirducal et dans une période de transition troublée.Dans cet État souverain des confins, la noblesse représentée par quelques puissantes familles issues del'ancienne chevalerie incarne l'élite sociale, morale, et politique. Étroitement associée aux responsabilités, elleest affectée au premier plan par les ruptures qui scandent le XVIIe siècle : la guerre, l'occupation française etl'exil. Autant d'évènements qui déstabilisent le service princier et éprouvent la fidélité au duc, fondementessentiel des rapports de la noblesse au pouvoir. Cette étude revisite les notions de service, de devoir etd'honneur, constitutives de l'identité nobiliaire.Après plus d'un demi-siècle de désordres, la paix de Ryswick (1697) ramène la stabilité et le princeretrouve ses duchés. Le rétablissement de l'État s'effectue dans une dialectique entre tradition et changement. Lanoblesse qui aspire à retrouver sa place auprès du duc est confrontée à de nouvelles incertitudes qu'elle surmontegrâce à la résurgence de la faveur princière et au prix d'une recomposition de l'ordre.L'équilibre des forces est mis à mal en 1729 avec l'avènement de François III dont le destin se joue pardelàles frontières. Détaché de son territoire patrimonial, le jeune souverain rompt le lien avec la noblesselorraine et met fin à l'impératif absolu du service princier.L'étude des relations entre la noblesse et le duc durant le long XVIIe siècle est une réflexion sur lasociété politique d'un État aux limites sensibles et aléatoires.
36
Lecoq-Pujade, Benjamin. "La naissance de l'autorité de la représentation nationale en droit constitutionnel français (1789-1794)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D238%26selfsize%3D1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La question contemporaine de la place et du rôle du Parlement au sein des institutions françaises interroge la nature de l’autorité traditionnellement reconnue à la représentation nationale. Cette recherche a pour objet d’analyser les origines révolutionnaires de ce paradigme du droit constitutionnel français consistant à voir dans l’assemblée des représentants de la Nation le siège d’une autorité politique trouvant sa source dans l’expression représentative de la volonté générale.La Révolution française est longtemps apparue comme le moment matriciel du droit constitutionnel et du constitutionnalisme modernes en France. Mais à la différence de ses devancières d’Angleterre et d’Amérique du Nord, celle-ci eut moins pour objet de limiter le pouvoir que d’en régénérer à la fois le fondement et l’exercice. À cet égard, elle se présente au droit constitutionnel comme une révolution de l’autorité, c’est-à-dire comme un bouleversement total des fondements de l’existence politique tendant à substituer à l’ancienne monarchie, traditionnelle et sacrale, un ordre constitutionnel moderne prenant pour base l’égale liberté des citoyens et l’autonomie naturelle de la collectivité nationale. Le grand œuvre des révolutionnaires français fut donc de redéfinir la relation de commandement à obéissance en substituant à l’autorité transcendante du monarque celle, immanente, d’une Nation appelée à vouloir pour elle-même par l’intermédiaire de ses représentants. C’est en effet par le prisme de la représentation que la Révolution a entrepris de réconcilier autorité et liberté. L’avènement de la représentation nationale, appelée à devenir, et pour longtemps, le centre de gravité de la vie politique française, trouve donc son origine dans cette volonté de refonder l’obligation d’obéissance à travers la conjonction de l’autonomie individuelle et de l’autonomie collective.Ce projet libéral et émancipateur, consistant à réaliser l’emprise de la Nation sur elle-même par le canal de la représentation, souffre pourtant d’une ambivalence congénitale tenant aux aspirations contradictoires du constitutionnalisme révolutionnaire. Celui-ci est en effet partagé entre la nécessité de justifier la subversion de l’ordre ancien, et le souci de fonder pour l’avenir un gouvernement libéral et tempéré, tendant à rationaliser et à dépersonnaliser l’autorité publique. L’institution de la représentation nationale, à la fois produit et moteur de la Révolution, cristallise alors cette tension. Les travaux de l’Assemblée constituante et de la Convention nationale révèlent en effet que les constituants révolutionnaires n’ont cessé d’osciller entre deux conceptions de la représentation et du constitutionnalisme. L’une, moderne, se fonde sur l’altérité de la Nation et de ses représentants pour placer la Constitution et la garantie des droits au-dessus de l’autorité de ces derniers. L’autre, plus ancienne, tend au contraire à en opérer la symbiose en fondant l’autorité de la représentation nationale sur un impératif existentiel : prêter vie à cette nation souveraine qui ne peut advenir à l’existence juridique que par l’expression d’une volonté commune. Le constitutionnalisme révolutionnaire reste donc au milieu du gué, bloqué entre la tradition organiciste d’Ancien Régime, dans laquelle il plonge ses racines, et l’esquisse d’un constitutionnalisme moderne tendant au contraire à dissocier l’État et la Société, l’autorité et la libertéThe place and the contemporary role of Parliament in French institutions lead to question the nature of the traditionally recognized authority of national representation. The objective of this research is to analyze the revolutionary origins of French constitutional principle which consists in seeing, in the assembly of representatives of the Nation, the heart of a politicial authority whose source is the representative expression of the general will. The French Revolution has long appeared as the matrix moment of modern constitutional law and constitutionalism in France. However, unlike its predecessors in England and North America, it was less intended to limit power than to regenerate both its foundation and exercise. In this respect, it presents itself to constitutional law as a revolution of authority, that is to say as a total upheaval of the foundations of political existence tending to replace the old monarchy, traditional and sacral, with a modern constitutional order based on the equal freedom of citizens and the natural autonomy of national community. The great work of the French revolutionaries was, therefore, to redefine the relation of command to obedience by substituting the transcendent authority of the monarch, by the immanent authority of a Nation, which materializes itself through its representatives. It is in fact through the lens of representation that the Revolution undertook to reconcile authority and freedom. The advent of the national rpresentation, destined for a long time to become the center of gravity of French political life, finds its origin in this desire to refound the obligation of obedience through the conjunction of individual autonomy and collective autonomy. This liberal and emancipatory project, which consists in realizing the nation’s grip on itself through representation, nevertheless suffers from a congenital ambivalence due to the contradictory aspirations of revolutionary constitutionalism. It is divided between the need to justify the subversion of the old order, and the desire to establish for the future a liberal and temperate government, tending to rationalize and depersonalize public authority. The institution of national representation, produced and generated by the Revolution, crystalized this tension. The work of the Constituent Assembly and the National Convention reveals that the revolutionary constituents have constantly oscillated between two conceptions of representation and constitutionalism. One, modern, relies on the otherness of the Nation and its representatives to place the Constitution and the guarantee of rights above the authority of the latter. On the contrary, the older one tends to symbiosis with it by basing the authority of national representation on an existential imperative: to give life to this sovereign nation which can only come to legal existence by the expression of a common will. Revolutionary constitutionalism therefore remains in the middle, stuck between the organicist tradition of the Old Regime, in which it has its roots, and the outline of a modern constitutionalism tending instead to dissociate the state and the society, as well as authority and freedom
37
Simos, Emmanouil. "A sceptical aesthetics of existence : the case of Michel Foucault". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A Sceptical Aesthetics of Existence: The Case of Michel Foucault Emmanouil Simos (Hughes Hall) Michel Foucault's genealogical investigations constitute a specific historical discourse that challenges the metaphysical hypostatisation of concepts and methodological approaches as unique devices for tracking metaphysically objective truths. Foucault's notion of aesthetics of existence, his elaboration of the ancient conceptualisation of ethics as an 'art of living' (a technē tou biou), along with a series of interconnected notions (such as the care of the self) that he developed in his later work, have a triple aspect. First, these notions are constitutive parts of his later genealogies of subjectivity. Second, they show that Foucault contemplates the possibility of understanding ethics differently, opposed to, for example, the traditional Kantian conceptualisation of morality: he envisages ethics in terms of self-fashioning, of aesthetic transformation, of turning one's life into a work of art. Third, Foucault employs these notions in self-referential way: they are considered to describe his own genealogical work. This thesis attempts to show two things. First, I defend the idea that the notion of aesthetics of existence was already present in a constitutive way from the beginning of his work, and, specifically, I argue that it can be traced in earlier moments of his work. Second, I defend the idea that this notion of aesthetics of existence is best understood in terms of the sceptical stance of Sextus Empiricus. It describes an ethics of critique of metaphysics that can be understood as a nominalist, contextualist, and particularist stance. The first chapter discusses Foucault's late genealogy of the subject. It formulates the interpretative framework within which Foucault's own conceptualisation of the aesthetics of existence can be understood as a sceptical stance, itself conceived as nominalist, contextualist and particularist. As the practice of an aesthetics of existence is not abstract and ahistorical but the engagement with the specific historical circumstances within which this practice is undertaken, the second chapter reconstructs the intellectual context from which Foucault's thought has emerged (Heidegger, Blanchot, and Nietzsche). The third chapter discusses representative examples of different periods of Foucault's thought -such as the "Introduction" to Binswanger's "Traum und Existenz" (1954), Histoire de la folie (1961), and Histoire de la sexualité I. La volonté de savoir (1976)- and shows in which way they constitute concrete instantiations of his sceptical aesthetics of existence. The thesis concludes with responses to a number of objections to the sceptical stance here defended.
38
Sutherland, Susan. "Mahisamardini an ancient archetype of feminine power /". 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32186162.html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1994.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-58).
39
Lin, Mei-Jun, e 林美君. "The Sovereign Power of Japanese Ancient Old Times and Onyoudouism". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94249011443239173758.
Testo completo
40
Begley, Christopher Taylor. "Elite power strategies and external connections in ancient Eastern Honduras /". 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9934024.
Testo completo
41
Pumphrey, Nicholaus Benjamin. "Names and power the concept of secret names in the Ancient Near East /". Diss., 2009. http://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03272009-190249/.
Testo completo
42
Nash, John. "Rulers of the Sea - Maritime Strategy and Sea Power in Ancient Greece 550-321 BC". Phd thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/160837.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ancient Greeks have always been credited with having a strong maritime and naval heritage, yet little scholarship is devoted to exploring ancient Greek sea power. Works that do exist either focus on naval and technical matters or are focused solely on Athenian sea power. Often sea power is ignored or denigrated in the works of modern scholars. Yet sea power theory has a long and rich history, and the Greeks themselves thought deeply on maritime matters. Using sea power theory as a conceptual framework and examining the actual operations of the ancient Greeks, it can be seen that sea power was of great importance during the period examined.
This thesis examines sea power during the period 550-321 BC. The first half sets the practical parameters by which maritime forces could operate, followed by an exploration of the 'maritime consciousness' of the Greeks. The second part of the thesis examines maritime operations during peace and war. Influenced by contemporary thinking on sea power and strategy, the thesis broadly categorizes these operations into military, diplomatic and constabulary operations and examines how sea power influenced and even decided events ashore and had a strong impact on the course of fifth and fourth century Greek history.
43
Jewell, Evan Luke. "Youth and Power: Roman Performances of Age and Ageing from Plautus to Nero". Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-fqqd-6371.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation examines the history of elite male youth in the Roman Empire from 218 BCE to 68 CE by demonstrating how a young elite man could “act his age” in his specific historical context. The Prologue introduces the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of my approach, which depart from traditional social history models. Drawing on gender and age studies, theories of discourse and interpellation, my argument re-inscribes age as a performance, whereby the age-roles that existed in Roman society were constituted by historically determined performances of “age scripts”. The performances of youth examined are demonstrably intersectional in nature, frequently overlapping with gendered performances of masculinity. By concentrating attention on the behaviors prescribed for young elite men at Rome in these scripts, as recovered from the discourses about youth preserved in both textual and visual evidence, my inquiry tracks how changes in these scripts were historically contingent, rather than universal. As a result, this study foregrounds the interconnection between age and male power relations in ancient Rome and explains the diachronic changes in this relationship. Changes in the social, demographic, legal and, above all, political context(s) from the Middle Republican period down to the death of Nero, in turn occasioned edits—sometimes even full rewrites—in the age scripts available to young elite men.
Structured as a historical play in three parts, each part corresponds diachronically to a moment of change in these scripts. Part 1 examines the Middle Republic and introduces the “comic script” primarily through the plays of Plautus and Terence, as well as the “normative script” preserved in exempla and the works of Cato the elder to which the comic script responded and sometimes offered challenges. These scripts are examined in dialogue with the radical demographic, legal and political changes occasioned by Rome’s near defeat in the Second Punic War.
Part 2 then moves down to the Late Republic, acknowledging how both the normative and comic scripts endured in this period, but instead trains its focus on the emergence of new scripts for youth—oratorical, philosophical, sexual and poetic. These scripts are set against the background of a shift away from military pursuits among the youth and toward the civic sphere, stemming from political, legal and cultural developments that arose out of Rome’s increasing imperial hegemony in the Mediterranean during the second century BCE. In particular, the efforts of politicians to interpellate the youth, understood as the next political generation, according to specific ideological scripts, and in contrast to other scripts (for example, the martial, sexual, or philosophical scripts), reveals how young men in this period were presented with more behavioral options than ever before. That these young men were consequently torn by these conflicting options is borne out in Catullus’ parodic rejection of certain scripts, but also the discourses about other young men, such as C. Trebatius Testa and M. Caelius Rufus.
Cicero’s attempt to script the behavior of one youth, the young Octavian (later known as Augustus) and the dramatic shift in power relations that Octavian’s rise occasioned for the age scripts at Rome forms the first half of Part 3. From here my analysis extends out from Octavian’s personal aetas to the Augustan “age” more generally and how this period saw a conscious promotion of a normative script for the iuventus. Conjoined to this script, and driving its promotion, was the biological ageing of Augustus himself, whereby his own aetas and its youthfulness became contiguous with that of his youthful successors and more generally the community, as represented by the iuventus, and even more abstractly, the urbs itself.
With the advent of the youngest princeps yet, the problem of the emperor Nero’s young age and the script he would enact forms the core concern of Part 4, the epilogue to this dissertation. The De Clementia of Seneca is examined for its role in scripting the imperial youth and his behavior. The case study of Nero’s first bearded portrait as a visual commemoration of his depositio barbae, coinciding with his celebration of age-based spectacles during the Iuvenalia of 59 CE, demonstrates how Nero was both the heir to earlier scripts and in his reception of them, the author of a new one centered around an attempt to construct his imperial maturity. The response to Nero’s script is then traced both at an elite and non-elite level, from elite literary texts, such as Petronius’ Satyrica, to graffiti and non-elite bearded portraits.
As a historical study in visual discourses as much as textual ones, this dissertation encompasses a wide range of visual material from numismatic iconography to portrait sculpture in the round, and represents the first attempt to bring such material into dialogue with the textual evidence. A catalogue of imperial male portraits, from Octavian to Nero, which feature facial hair—a key piece of evidence assessed in Parts 3 and 4—is presented in the Appendices.
44
Soyöz, Ufuk. "Drama on the urban stage : architecture, spectacles and power in Hellenistic Pergamon". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-1179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
My dissertation investigates the production, representation and experience of space in Hellenistic urbanism, architecture, artworks. Considering festivals as spatialized practices, I argue that the Hellenistic urban setting was carefully designed as stages or arenas for the celebration and performance of state ceremonials. To this end, architects used symbolically charged design technologies, such as skenographia which was deeply informed by ancient optical science. I demonstrate that the perspectival developments in architecture, painting and sculpture were closely allied through application of skenographia, forming a unified visual discourse that was highly attentive to the eye of the spectator. I reconstruct the spatial practices in three major sites of Hellenistic Pergamon, namely, the sanctuary of Athena Nikephoros (bringer of Victory), the famous Altar of Zeus, and the sanctuary complex of the theater of Dionysus. Through these reconstructions, I demonstrate that the spatial order of the Hellenistic urban sanctuary facilitated Attalid kings’ appropriation of Pergamene urban setting as a constituent of their sovereign power.text
45
Chen, Shibing. "Convex Solutions to the Power-of-mean Curvature Flow, Conformally Invariant Inequalities and Regularity Results in Some". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43516.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis we study three different problems: convex ancient solutions to the power-of-mean curvature flow; Sharp inequalities; regularity results in some applications of optimal transportation.
The second chapter is devoted to the power-of-mean curvature flow; We prove some estimates for convex ancient solutions (the existence time for the solution starts from -\infty) to the power-of-mean curvature flow, when the power is strictly greater than \frac{1}{2}. As an application, we prove that in two dimension, the blow-down of an entire convex translating solution, namely u_{h}=\frac{1}{h}u(h^{\frac{1}{1+\alpha}}x), locally uniformly converges to \frac{1}{1+\alpha}|x|^{1+\alpha} as
h\rightarrow\infty. The second application is that for generalized curve shortening flow (convex curve evolving in its normal direction with speed equal to a power of its curvature), if the convex compact ancient solution sweeps the whole space \mathbb{R}^{2}, it must be a shrinking circle. Otherwise the solution must be defined in a strip region.
In the first section of the third chapter, we prove a one-parameter family of sharp conformally invariant integral inequalities for functions on the $n$-dimensional unit ball. As a limiting case, we obtain an inequality that generalizes Carleman's inequality for harmonic functions in the plane to poly-harmonic functions in higher dimensions. The second section represents joint work with Tobias Weth and Rupert Frank; the main result is that, one can always put a sharp remainder term on the righthand side of the sharp fractional sobolev inequality.
In the first section of the final chapter, under some suitable condition, we prove that the solution to the principal-agent problem must be C^{1}. The proof is based on a perturbation argument. The second section represents joint work with Emanuel Indrei; the main result is that, under (A3S) condition on the cost and c-convexity condition on the domains, the free boundary in the optimal partial transport problem is C^{1,\alpha}.
46
Tiron, Jocelyn. "L'Idéologie politique des empereurs flaviens (69-96) à travers les sources épigraphiques et numismatiques". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La dynastie des Flaviens est souvent mal connue et appréciée en raison de sa situation chronologique, « coincée » entre la famille des descendants de César et d’Auguste et celle allant de Trajan à Marc Aurèle. Elle passe parfois pour une simple dynastie de « transition » qui aurait uniquement servi de passerelle entre deux familles considérées comme plus brillantes qui ont par ailleurs laissé un souvenir plus durable. En un peu plus d’un quart de siècle (69-96), Vespasien, Titus et Domitien ont pourtant davantage fait pour la stabilité de Rome et de l’Empire que certains de leurs prédécesseurs ou successeurs.
Sorti vainqueur des troubles civils de l’année des quatre empereurs (68-69), Vespasien ramena la paix en Orient et en Italie en plus de s’attacher à stabiliser les institutions et de reconstituer les finances de l’État, passablement écornées par les dernières années du Principat de Néron (54-68) et la guerre civile elle-même. Plus que la paix et la stabilité à l’intérieur et aux frontières de l’Empire, il fit cependant en sorte de refonder les bases institutionnelles du Principat en assumant sa transformation en un régime monarchique et héréditaire. Un principe parfaitement admis puisque ses deux fils adultes, Titus et Domitien, lui succédèrent sans difficulté.
Davantage peut-être que les récits laissés par les sources littéraires anciennes, les inscriptions romaines et italiennes ainsi que les monnaies émises par l’atelier de Rome sont probablement le meilleur témoignage permettant de saisir le plus précisément et le plus profondément l’idée que les Flaviens se faisaient d’eux-mêmes et du pouvoir dont ils étaient investis. Le contenu de leur titulature officielle comme leurs choix iconographiques permettent ainsi de dégager leurs différents thèmes de propagande qui laissent finalement apparaitre une vraie continuité dans leur idéologie du pouvoir et leur manière de gouverner.
Vespasien a ainsi posé des fondations idéologiques et politiques que ses fils ont globalement poursuivies et respectées, ce qui renforce l’idée selon laquelle les Flaviens ont effectivement suivi un « programme » qui les distinguait de leurs prédécesseurs et de leurs successeurs. Malgré des différences parfois importantes dans leurs pratiques, les inscriptions et l’iconographie monétaire permettent ainsi de mettre en lumière le fait que Titus et Domitien ont finalement moins cherché à faire preuve d’originalité qu’à s’inscrire dans la continuité de l’œuvre de leur père afin de garantir le maintien de la paix et avec elle la prospérité et la stabilité de l’État, et avec elles la satisfaction et la tranquillité de l’ensemble de la société.The Flavian dynasty is not the most famous of the imperial families who ruled the Roman Empire, especially because it seems to be badly located between two more prestigious dynasties: the descendants of Julius Caesar and Augustus, and those, to Marcus Aurelius, of Trajan. Moreover, the Flavian are sometimes considered only as insignificant because of the shortness of the time they stayed at power. However, for a little more than a quarter century (69-96), Vespasian, Titus and Domitian worked a lot, and more than some of their predecessors or successors, to ensure the stability of Rome and of the entire Empire. Winner of the Year of Four Emperors (68-69), Vespasian brought back peace in the East and in Italy, and intended to stabilize the institutions and restore the finances of the State, partly ruined by the last years of Nero’s reign and the civil war. More than peace and stability, inside the Empire and on the borders, he ruled to rebuild the institutional basis of the Principate by assuming its transformation into a monarchic and hereditary regime. This idea was wholly admitted because his two adult sons, Titus and Domitian, succeeded him with no difficulty. Perhaps more than the account of the ancient literary sources, Italian and Roman inscriptions and coins from the mint of Rome are the best testimony allowing us to catch, accurately and deeply, how the Flavian were considering themselves and the power they had. The content of their official titulature alongside with the iconography of their coins are helpful to determine the themes of their propaganda from which appears a real continuity in their ideology and their way of ruling power. Vespasian laid ideological and political foundations that his two sons globally respected and pursued, reinforcing the idea that the Flavians had their own « political program » which distinguished them from the predecessors and successors. Despite some differences in their practices, sometimes big, the inscriptions and monetary iconography of Titus and Domitian were finally less original than an attempt to pursue their father’s work in order to guarantee the peacekeeping, and with it, the stability and the prosperity of the State, and beyond, the satisfaction and calmness of the whole society.
47
Jones, Christopher Wayne. "Power and Elite Competition in the Neo-Assyrian Empire, 745-612 BC". Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-ffhm-q044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation represents an investigation into the changing nature of political power during the final 133 years of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, seeking to understand how power functioned within the Assyrian system through studying the careers of its imperial administrators. How was power distributed between the king and his officials? What sort of relationships existed between officials and the king, and with each other? How did Assyrian officials’ careers progress? Finally, to what extent did the above shape the political history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire?
To answer these questions, this dissertation utilizes a combination of old and new approaches. Close readings of primary source documents are combined with aggregate analysis and insights from the fields of social network analysis and organizational communication. Rejecting most previous efforts at studying Assyrian imperial organization as too reliant on hierarchical models of organization, this study utilizes tools such as a Communicative Constitution of Organizations framework and Leader-Member Exchange Theory, which emphasize the importance of informal structure and interpersonal relationships in studying human organizations. Through a social network analysis of 3,864 letters which survive from the years 745-612 BC, it identifies especially influential officials during the reign of each king as well as long term changes over time in communications patterns and the types of officials who achieved prominence. This dissertation argues that Sargon II initiated a wide-ranging reform of the imperial administration, seeking to centralize power in the person of the king and the royal family through greatly expanding the number of provincial governors and other officials who reported directly to the king. These reforms increased the importance of informal hierarchy, as a few officials who managed to build close working relationships with the king could wield significant power. Sargon’s reforms structured the empire in such a way as to promote intense competition between officials for status, both between individuals and between the rival sectors of provincial government, palace administration, and the major temples.
However, this competition had unintended consequences: the large number of persons writing to the king made it more difficult for the king to acquire accurate information about conditions in the empire. Essentially a prisoner of the information being provided to them, Assyrian monarchs of the seventh century tried a variety of methods to solve this problem, including employing special agents to provide an independent source of information, consulting experts in divination to check the loyalties of their subjects, and implementing public oaths which enjoined the entire population to inform the king of potentially disloyal elements. None of these attempts were successful, and the problem of information likely contributed to a weakening of imperial control over the course of the seventh century, culminating the dramatic collapse of the empire in 612 BC.
48
Briaud, Stéphanie. "Le pouvoir impérial romain et les cultes isiaques à Rome (IIIe-IVe siècles)". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13596.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les cultes isiaques se répandent autour du bassin méditerranéen entre le IVe s. av. et
la fin du IVe s. apr. J.-C., arrivant à Rome au Ier siècle av. notre ère et y disparaissant
conjointement aux cultes païens traditionnels avec ou peu après le coup porté par Théodose.
Leur diffusion romaine s’étale donc sur une grande partie de l’histoire de l’Empire
d’Occident, et ils vont ainsi se retrouver face à l’homme désormais considéré comme
primus inter pares, grâce à l’accumulation de ses pouvoirs. L’empereur est pontifex
maximus, c’est-à-dire maitre des cultes publics et du droit religieux, et il est ainsi l’agent du
pouvoir qui a le potentiel religieux et législatif pour avoir un discours varié sur les autres
traditions religieuses.
Il semble donc inévitable que la sphère cultuelle isiaque rencontre et interagisse
avec la sphère religieuse traditionnelle romaine, et que certains empereurs interfèrent, par
renforcement ou au contraire par opposition, avec les cultes isiaques arrivés peu de temps
avant l’avènement du pouvoir impérial. Cette thèse se propose non seulement d’étudier la
dialectique entre institué romain (la force d’inertie) et instituant isiaque (la force de
changements) dans la direction d’une potentielle altérité incluse (soit le dialogue évolutif du
Nous par rapport à l’Autre), mais notamment par les liens publics romains et évolutifs entre
l’empereur et les divinités isiaques.
Nous effectuons cette recherche grâce à quatre types de sources antiques : la littérature pour le point de vue de l’élite littéraire gréco-romaine ; les inscriptions isiaques pour une définition surtout populaire de l’identité évolutive de l’instituant isiaque ; les monnaies et les oeuvres monumentales pour le point de vue public (et parfois plus personnel) impérial. Nous concentrons notre étude à partir de la dynastie sévérienne, qui laisse supposer que les cultes romano-orientaux profitent de la nouvelle configuration impériale avec des empereurs originaires d’Afrique et d’Orient, dans un phénomène d’« impérialisation » isiaque intensifié par un engagement tant impérial que populaire. En outre, nous nuancerons les conséquences sur la diffusion isiaque des troubles qui surviennent dans la deuxième moitié du IIIe siècle. Enfin, le IVe siècle, avec la christianisation de l’Empire et donc un christianisme devenant institué, ouvre sur une analyse des débats entre les défenseurs actifs du paganisme et les auteurs chrétiens, et de là, vers des interrogations sur l’intervention de la sphère isiaque dans ce face-à-face.Isiac worship spread around the mediterranean basin between IVth c. BC and late IVth century AD, arriving to Rome at Ist century BC and disappearing there at the same time as traditional pagan worship, with or soon after Theodosius’policy. So, their Italian distribution spreads during a large part of the history of Western Empire, and thus, they’re going to meet the man henceforth considered as primus inter pares, thanks to the accumulation of his powers. The emperor is pontifex maximus that is master of the public worship and the religious right, thus he is the powerful agent who possesses the religious and legislative potential to have a varied discourse on other religious traditions. It seems inevitable that the sphere of isiac worship meets and interacts with Roman traditional religious sphere, and that some emperors interfere, by reinforcement or opposition, with the isiac cults arrived not enough time before the advent of the imperial power. This thesis studies non only the dialectic between Roman institué (inertial force) and isiac instituant (force of changes) in the direction of a potential included otherness (that to say the evolving dialogue of Us in relation to the Other), but especially by Roman publics links (and processing) between the isiac worship and the emperors. We do this research with four types of antique sources : literature for the views of the Greco-Roman literary elite ; the isiac inscriptions for (popular) definition of the identity of the isiac instituant ; the coins and the monumental works for the public (and sometimes more personal) imperial point of view. We focus our study from the Severan dynasty, what can let suppose that these romano-oriental worship take advantage of this new imperial configuration with emperors from Africa and the East, in a phenomenon of isiac " imperialization " intensified by both imperial and popular involvement. Moreover, we soften the consequences on isiac spread of disorders that arise in the second half of the IIIth century. Finally, the IVth century, with the christianization of the Empire and so christianity becoming institué, brings to an analysis of the debates between the active defenders of the paganism and the christian writers, and from there, on questions over the intervention of the isiac group in this face to face.
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Le, Mei-Hung, e 李梅鴻. "The Ancient Strategic Concept of“Contemporary Power Competition” of Han Fei and Its Impact on the Strategic Vision of “One Belt, One Road” in Today’s China". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nxnar5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士在職專班
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In 500 BC, China was in arduous situation of the “Waring States.” Reforming old and cumbersome rituals and establishing "rich state and strong military" institutions have been keys to survival and development of each state. Han Fei was born in the period of wars among states based on interests than righteousness, hence he argued the first priority of state was “self-strengthening,” based on his analysis of “ancient competition was virtue-based, mid-age competition was wisdom-based, and contemporary competition should be power-based.” Han Fei integrated the theoretical thinking of “law” by Shang Yang, “tactics” by Shen Buhai, and “posture” by Shen Dao, summarized the “legalistic” parts of Xun Tzu, Lao Tzu and Confucius to develop his own Legalism. His advocacy of heavy-handed measures in governance to maintain state order had influenced thousands of years of Chinese feudal empire. When Xi Jinping assumed power in 2012, China suffered with economic slowdown and corruption domestically and externally with U.S. policy of “pivot to Asia,” disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea with Japan, Vietnam and the Philippines. China’s situation was similar to the state of “Qin” 2500 years ago. To protect and expand China’s interests and influence in the world, Xi Jinping proposed the “Silk Road Economic Belt” when visited Kazakhstan in 2013 and the “Maritime Silk Road in the 21st Century” when visiting Indonesia the same year. Traditional strategic thoughts are unique thinking developed from national history and culture, and logic sublimation of accumulated experiences. The flourishing thoughts in the ancient “Spring and Autumn” and the “Warring States” periods have provided us with abundant reference in today’s governance and international politics. This study is to apply Han Fei’s Legalism thinking to understand and analyze the “One Belt, One Road” policy in China today.
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Berthelet, Marie-Ève. "Histoire d’un système judiciaire à plusieurs vitesses : analyse intersectionnelle des procès pour meurtre dans la juridiction de Montréal entre 1700 et 1760". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23764.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce mémoire propose d’analyser la portée des dynamiques de pouvoir intersectionnelles – inter et intra sexe, ethnie et catégorie sociale, comprises comme étant des catégories identitaires articulés – au sein de l’appareil judiciaire montréalais du XVIIIe siècle. Pour ce faire, les archives de procès pour meurtre servent de matériau de base, le crime constituant de façon inhérente la prise ultime de pouvoir d’un individu sur un autre, soit celle de lui enlever la vie. L’analyse se concentre d’une part sur les dynamiques de pouvoir entre les individus, en accordant une importance particulière à l’agentivité des principaux acteurs concernés, et d’autre part, sur les dynamiques de pouvoir entre les individus et l’État, soit entre les sujets et leur roi, dispensateur de toute justice. Le meurtre est ici compris comme un acte de pouvoir violent, mais aussi comme une perturbation de l’ordre social que doit rétablir la justice en punissant le coupable. Se posent alors plusieurs questions : est-ce que l’entrecroisement des catégories identitaires du genre, de la race et de la catégorie sociale influence le cours de la justice? Si oui, comment? À l’inverse, la justice est-elle appliquée différemment selon l’intersectionnalité du sexe, de l’ethnie et de la catégorie sociale des prévenus et victimes? C’est ce que nous déterminons en analysant les dynamiques de pouvoir dans les procès judiciaires pour meurtre de la juridiction de Montréal au XVIIIe siècle, d’abord, sous l’angle du genre dans le premier chapitre, puis sous celui des ethnies dans le second chapitre et enfin, sous celui des catégories sociales dans le troisième chapitre.This thesis analyses the influence of intersectional power dynamics – inter and intra sex, ethnicity and social category, seen as articulated identity categories – within the eighteenth-century Montreal judiciary system. Murder trial archives serve as the basis for this analysis, the crime of murder in and of itself implying the exercise of total power by one person over another, by taking away his or her life. On one hand, the proposed analysis will focus on power dynamics between individuals, according a special attention to the agency of the principal actors. On the other hand, it will focus on power dynamics between the individuals and the State, in other words between subjects and their king, dispenser of justice. The crime of murder of course suggests an act of power, but also implies a disruption of social order, which justice must restore by punishing the guilty party. We then ask: do the identity categories of gender, race and social category influence the course of justice, and if so, how? Inversely, is justice applied differently according to the intersectionality of the suspect or the victim’s sex, ethnicity and social category? We will answer those questions by analyzing power dynamics in the murder trials of the jurisdiction of Montreal in the eighteenth century; first, from the angle of gender in chapter 1, from that of ethnic groups in the second chapter and finally, from that of social categories in the third chapter.