Tesi sul tema "Analyse et visualisation de réseaux"
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Jourdan, Fabien. "Visualisation d'information : dessin, indices structuraux et navigation : Applications aux réseaux biologiques et aux réseaux sociaux". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20205.
Testo completoZaidi, Faraz. "Analyse, Structure et Organisation des Réseaux Complexes". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00542703.
Testo completoGilbert, Frédéric. "Méthodes et modèles pour la visualisation de grandes masses de données multidimensionnelles nominatives dynamiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14498/document.
Testo completoSince ten years, informations visualization domain knows a real interest.Recently, with the growing of communications, the research on social networks analysis becomes strongly active. In this thesis, we present results on dynamic social networks analysis. That means that we take into account the temporal aspect of data. We were particularly interested in communities extraction within networks and their evolutions through time. [...]
Dhif, Imen. "Compression, analyse et visualisation des signaux physiologiques (EEG) appliqués à la télémédecine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066393.
Testo completoDue to the large amount of EEG acquired over several days, an efficient compression technique is necessary. The lack of experts and the short duration of epileptic seizures require the automatic detection of these seizures. Furthermore, a uniform viewer is mandatory to ensure interoperability and a correct reading of transmitted EEG exams. The certified medical image WAAVES coder provides high compression ratios CR while ensuring image quality. During our thesis, three challenges are revealed : adapting WAAVES coder to the compression of the EEG signals, detecting automatically epileptic seizures in an EEG signal and ensure the interoperability of the displays of EEG exams. The study of WAAVES shows that this coder is unable to remove spatial correlation and to compress directly monodimensional signals. Therefore, we applied ICA to decorrelate signals, a scaling to resize decimal values, and image construction. To keep a diagnostic quality with a PDR less than 7%, we coded the residue. The proposed compression algorithm EEGWaaves has achieved CR equal to 56. Subsequently, we proposed a new method of EEG feature extraction based on a new calculation model of the energy expected measurement (EAM) of EEG signals. Then, statistical parameters were calculated and Neural Networks were applied to classify and detect epileptic seizures. Our method allowed to achieve a better sensitivity up to 100% and an accuracy of 99.44%. The last chapter details the deployment of our multiplatform display of physiological signals by meeting the specifications established by doctors. The main role of this software is to ensure the interoperability of EEG exams between healthcare centers
Renaud, Clément. "Conception d'un outil d'analyse et de visualisation des mèmes internet : le cas du réseau social chinois Sina Weibo". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0070.
Testo completoWe develop a data mining and visualisation toolkit to study how the information is shared on online social network services. This software allows to observe relationships between conversational, semantical, temporal and geographical dimensions of online communication acts. Internet memes are short messages that spread quickly through the Web. Following models that remain largely unknown, they articulate personal discussions, societal debates and large communication campaign. We analyse a set of Internet memes by using methods from social network analysis and Chinese natural language processing on a large corpus of 200 million tweets which represents/reflects the overall activity on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo in 2012. An interactive visualisation interface showing networks of words, user exchanges and their projections on geographical maps provides a detailed understanding of actual and textual aspects of each meme spread. An analysis of hashtags in the corpus shows that the main content from Sina Weibo is largely similar to the ones in traditional media (advertisement, entertainment, etc.). Therefore, we decided to not consider hashtags as memes representatives, being mostly byproducts of wellplanned strategic or marketingcampaigns. Our final approach studies a dozen of memes selected for the diversity of their topic: humor, political scandal, breaking news and marketing
Renaud, Clément. "Conception d'un outil d'analyse et de visualisation des mèmes internet : le cas du réseau social chinois Sina Weibo". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0070/document.
Testo completoWe develop a data mining and visualisation toolkit to study how the information is shared on online social network services. This software allows to observe relationships between conversational, semantical, temporal and geographical dimensions of online communication acts. Internet memes are short messages that spread quickly through the Web. Following models that remain largely unknown, they articulate personal discussions, societal debates and large communication campaign. We analyse a set of Internet memes by using methods from social network analysis and Chinese natural language processing on a large corpus of 200 million tweets which represents/reflects the overall activity on the Chinese social network Sina Weibo in 2012. An interactive visualisation interface showing networks of words, user exchanges and their projections on geographical maps provides a detailed understanding of actual and textual aspects of each meme spread. An analysis of hashtags in the corpus shows that the main content from Sina Weibo is largely similar to the ones in traditional media (advertisement, entertainment, etc.). Therefore, we decided to not consider hashtags as memes representatives, being mostly byproducts of wellplanned strategic or marketingcampaigns. Our final approach studies a dozen of memes selected for the diversity of their topic: humor, political scandal, breaking news and marketing
Lucchesi, Adrien. "Analyse 3D des remodelages des réseaux neuronaux dans le cancer du pancréas". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0221.
Testo completoCancers are diseases in which cancer cells interact with a complex tumor environment (TE). In recent years, a new component of TE has been highlighted: neuronal projections of the nervous system. Indeed, the axons of neurons innervate the tumors, which could regulate cancer progression.Pancreatic cancer is among the most deadly cancers. Indeed, the current therapeutic treatments that target this cancer are not effective. It is therefore important to better understand the different components of the TE of this cancer in order to identify new potential therapeutic targets.In this thesis, we propose to describe the innervation of pancreatic tumors which is the starting point to better understand the importance of this component of the TE. The objectives were to visualize and analyze in 3D the networks of axons that innervate the healthy and cancerous pancreas, as well as their relations with other cell types of the TE (blood vessels (BV)).For this, we used a method of 3D imaging of whole pancreas, made transparent, which come from genetic models of mice that develop pancreatic cancer similar to that of humans.We observed that axon networks are denser and more complex in cancerous regions of the pancreas compared to healthy regions. Moreover, while in healthy tissue, axons are associated with BV, they are no longer in cancerous areas.We also identified morphological groups of axon networks that discriminate a healthy region from a cancerous region.The analysis of the 3D structure of these axon networks could thus represent a predictive and prognostic value for the progression of the disease
Koné, Malik. "Collaviz : un prototype pour la détection et la visualisation de la dynamique collective dans les forums des MOOC". Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1029.
Testo completoMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have seen their numbers increase significantly since the democratization of the Internet. In addition, recently with the COVID-19 pandemic, the trend has intensified. If communication devices such as discussion forums are an integral part of the learning activities of MOOCs, there is still a lack of tools allowing instructors and researchers to guide and finely analyze the learning that takes place there. Dashboards summarizing students' activites are regularly offered to instructors, but they do not allow them to understand collective activities in the forums. From a socio-constructivist point of view, the exchanges and interactions sought by instructors in forums are essential for learning (Stephens, 2014). So far, studies have analyzed interactions in two ways: semantically but on a small scale or statistically and on a large scale but ignoring the quality of the interactions. The scientific contribution of this thesis relates to the proposal of an interactive detection approach of collective activities which takes into account their temporal, semantic and social dimensions. We seek to answer the problem of detecting and observing the collective dynamics that take place in MOOC forums. By collective dynamic, we mean all the qualitative and quantitative interactions of learners in the forums and their temporal changes. We want to allow instructors to intervene to encourage these activities favorable to learning. We rely on studies (Boroujeni 2017, Dascalu 2017) which propose to combine statistical analysis of interactions and automatic language processing to study the flow of information in forums. But, unlike previous studies, our approach is not limited to global or individual-centered analysis. We propose a method of designing indicators and dashboards allowing changes of scales and customization of views in order to support instructors and researchers in their task of detecting, observing and analyzing collective dynamics. To support our approach, we set up questionnaires and conducted semi-structured interviews with the instructors. As for the evaluation of the first indicators built at each iteration of our approach, we used various data sources and formats: Coursera (CSV), Hangout (JSON), Moodle (SQL)
Haye, Lisa. "Les loisirs motorisés hors route. Conflits controverse et réseaux d'actants". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209601.
Testo completoAfin de combler un manque dans la littérature scientifique française, cette thèse vise à apporter une connaissance fine de la dynamique de la controverse – en tant qu'échange d'arguments génériques – et des conflits dont les LMHR font l'objet. Elle présente deux originalités majeures : sa thématique et son approche combinant les théories de l'acteur-réseau avec les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau basés sur la théorie des graphes. Cette construction théorique et méthodologique visait à interroger les interrelations entre la controverse portée par des collectifs présents sur la scène nationale et les conflits et interactions sur le terrain. Pour cela, nous avons mené des enquêtes sur quatre scènes : la scène nationale (composée de collectifs pro et anti-motorisé, de Fédérations, de constructeurs, de gestionnaires et décideurs et d'élus) ; deux scènes locales conflictuelles où des démarches de gestion sont en cours (le PNR du Pilat et les Chambarans) ; une scène locale où aucun conflit n'est visible sur la scène publique (le canton de La Grave – Villar d'Arène).
Nos résultats montrent, que bien que la controverse trouve ses racines dans des conflits sur le terrain, il n'existerait pas de coprésence entre acteurs qui s'opposent. D'abord, en l'absence de conflit, la scène de La Grave apparaît déconnectée du reste du réseau. Ensuite, les détracteurs des LMHR se mobilisent dans la controverse mais ne cherchent pas directement à agir sur le terrain. Par contre, les défenseurs de la pratique s'impliquent, eux, aux deux niveaux. Enfin, les gestionnaires et agents de la police de l'environnement confrontés à la gestion des activités, nouent des liens sur le terrain et au niveau national, à la fois avec les défenseurs et les détracteurs des LMHR ; devenant parfois des acteurs-passerelles.
D'un point de vue théorique et méthodologique, les outils de visualisation et d'analyse de réseau ont montré leur intérêt dans le cadre d'une approche par l'acteur-réseau ; les perspectives apparaissent riches.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lamirel, Jean-Charles. "Vers une approche systémique et multivues pour l'analyse de données et la recherche d'information : un nouveau paradigme". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552247.
Testo completoZaidi, Faraz. "Analysis, structure and organization of complex networks". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14112/document.
Testo completoNetwork science has emerged as a fundamental field of study to model many physicaland real world systems around us. The discovery of small world and scale free propertiesof these real world networks has revolutionized the way we study, analyze, model andprocess these networks. In this thesis, we are interested in the study of networks havingthese properties often termed as complex networks. In our opinion, research conducted inthis field can be grouped into four categories, Analysis, Structure, Processes-Organizationand Visualization. We address problems pertaining to each of these categories throughoutthis thesis. (...)
Mavromatis, Sébastien. "Analyse de texture et visualisation scientifique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22060.
Testo completoMichel, Bastien. ""L'encre et le pain " : les vassaux de l'évêché de Bayeux (ΧΙe-ΧΙΙΙe siècle)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC018.
Testo completoDuring the central Middle Ages, the bishops of Bayeux and their canons had a significant retinue of warriors. This thesis examines these vassals who entered into the honorable dependency of the bishopric between the years 1030 and 1290. Relying on the multimodal edition (both print and digital) of six feudal lists produced in Bayeux (see volume 2), a prosopography of the bishopric’s vassals has been established, comprising 408 individuals (see volume 3). For each of them, a file has been encoded in a dedicated digital environment developed during this research, E-personæ, in collaboration with Fabien Paquet and the engineers of the pôle Document Numérique at the MRSH of Caen. Utilizing this data, the first part of the study focuses on the feudal practices of writing within the medieval diocese of Bayeux and the often complex relationships between these vassals and their lord. The second part analyzes the networks formed by these vassals around the episcopal seat of Bayeux, concentrating on key moments in the history of Bessin, the medieval Norman worlds, and the kingdom of France. Emphasis has been placed on families from the "lower" and "middle" aristocracy in order to better understand this under-studied group, particularly concerning their geographical mobility
Lutmann, Patrice. "Transfert et visualisation d'images numériques". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10715.
Testo completoDouady, César. "Visualisation graphique et architecture parallèle : conception et réalisation". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112128.
Testo completoWhitbeck, John. "Réseaux mobiles opportunistes : visualisation, modélisation et application aux transferts de charge". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066304.
Testo completoWireless communicating devices are everywhere and increasingly blend into our everyday lives, they form new opportunistic networks that allow data to flow across often unreliable, unorganized, and heterogeneous wireless networks. By developing new analysis techniques for temporal dynamic graphs, this thesis proposes and implements a strong use-case for opportunistic networks: data offloading. Analyzing real-life connectivity graphs is difficult. In this thesis, we develop the plausible mobility approach, which infers, from a given contact trace, a compatible node mobility. Furthermore, we define reachability graphs that capture space-time connectivity. When applied to common contact traces, they show that acceptable delivery ratios for point-to-point communications are often out of reach, regardless of the DTN routing protocol, but that the size of the space-time dominating set tends to be a small fraction of the total number of nodes. Accordingly, we show how opportunistic networks may be used to significantly offload broadcast traffic in situations were two radio technologies coexist, typically a pervasive, low-bitrate, and expensive radio, alongside a shorter-range, high-bitrate, and cheaper one. The latter forms the opportunistic network that is used for disseminating most of the content, whereas the former serves both as a control channel for monitoring and as a data channel for bridging the connectivity gaps in the opportunistic network. In this thesis we propose Push-and-Track, a mobility-agnostic framework that leverages an opportunistic network to reliably disseminate content to large numbers of mobile nodes, while minimizing the load on the pervasive radio
Benmerzoug, Fateh. "Analyse, modélisation et visualisation de données sismiques à grande échelle". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30077.
Testo completoThe main goal of the oil and gas industry is to locate and extract hydrocarbon resources, mainly petroleum and natural gas. To do this efficiently, numerous seismic measurements are conducted to gather up as much data as possible on terrain or marine surface area of interest. Using a multitude of sensors, seismic data are acquired and processed resulting in large cube-shaped data volumes. These volumes are then used to further compute additional attributes that helps in the understanding of the inner geological and geophysical structure of the earth. The visualization and exploration, called surveys, of these volumes are crucial to understand the structure of the underground and localize natural reservoirs where oil or gas are trapped. Recent advancements in both processing and imaging technologies enables engineers and geoscientists to perform larger seismic surveys. Modern seismic measurements yield large multi-hundred gigabytes of data volumes. The size of the acquired volumes presents a real challenge, both for processing such large volumes as well as their storage and distribution. Thus, data compression is a much- desired feature that helps answering the data size challenge. Another challenging aspect is the visualization of such large volumes. Traditionally, a volume is sliced both vertically and horizontally and visualized by means of 2-dimensional planes. This method necessitates the user having to manually scrolls back and forth be- tween successive slices in order to locate and track interesting geological features. Even though slicing provides a detailed visualization with a clear and concise representation of the physical space, it lacks the depth aspect that can be crucial in the understanding of certain structures. Additionally, the larger the volume gets, the more tedious and repetitive this task can be. A more intuitive approach for visualization is volume rendering. Rendering the seismic data as a volume presents an intuitive and hands on approach. By defining the appropriate color and opacity filters, the user can extract and visualize entire geo-bodies as individual continuous objects in a 3-dimensional space. In this thesis, we present a solution for both the data size and large data visualization challenges. We give an overview of the seismic data and attributes that are present in a typical seismic survey. We present an overview of data compression in a whole, discussing the necessary tools and methods that are used in the industry. A seismic data compression algorithm is then proposed, based on the concept of ex- tended transforms. By employing the GenLOT , Generalized Lapped Orthogonal Trans- forms we derive an appropriate transform filter that decorrelates the seismic data so they can be further quantized and encoded using P-SPECK, our proposed compression algorithm based on block-coding of bit-planes. Furthermore, we proposed a ray-casting out-of-core volume rendering framework that enables the visualization of arbitrarily large seismic cubes. Data are streamed on-demand and rendered using the user provided opacity and color filters, resulting in a fairly easy to use software package
Gros, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Etude et conception d'une plate-forme d'intégration et de visualisation de données génomiques et d'outils bioinformatiques". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112139.
Testo completoIn this beginning of millennium, the efforts of the industrial and academic world allowed for a first version of the sequencing of the human genome. By opening one of these files of sequence, the reader reaches a text of several million characters “a”, “t”, “g”, or “c”, each one symbolizing one of the four bases which constitute the dna. This sequence of letters puts forward our misunderstanding of dna. In order better to tackle this language, a lot of databases of dna sequences, annotations, and experiments were built, several tools of treatments of information were written. The first part of this thesis resolves the integration problem of bioinformatic tools. The approach adopted for the integration of tools is to melt a distributed architecture within the basic data engine. The other facet of integration relates to the integration of data resulting from various biological databases. In a more precise way, our goal is that a user integrate his personal data (coming from an excel file, a text file,. . . ) with the data of the “institutional” bases such as those of the ncbi or swissprot. Lastly, we propose a semantic integration tool called “lysa”. This tool proposes not to explore a database through the structure of the base but through the data within. The purpose of this exploration is to make it possible for the user to find the “semantic” links between data
Renoust, Benjamin. "Analysis and Visualisation of Edge Entanglement in Multiplex Networks". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942358.
Testo completoDe, Runz Cyril. "Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique". Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560668.
Testo completoRunz, Cyril de. "Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique". Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000848.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis develops a global approach for the handling of spatiotemporal and imperfect data in an archaeological GIS. This approach allows us a better management of those data in order to model or to represent them. In this approach, a new taxonomy of imperfection is proposed for the modeling of archaeological information. Using the modeling, this work presents some new methods for data analysis in an GIS. The temporal aspect of archaeological data implies to define an index which quantifies the anteriority. The lacunar aspect is also exploited through an interrogation method using a geometrical form. This work finally explores and visualizes archaeological dataset to extract the most representative elements. This thesis, which gives an approach on the management of imperfect knowledge in time and space, links computer science and geography. The use-case of this thesis is an archaeological database associated to a GIS
De, Runz Cyril Herbin Michel Piantoni Frédéric. "Imperfection, temps et espace : modélisation, analyse et visualisation dans un SIG archéologique". Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000848.pdf.
Testo completoTrellet, Mikael. "Exploration et analyse immersives de données moléculaires guidées par la tâche et la modélisation sémantique des contenus". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS262/document.
Testo completoIn structural biology, the theoretical study of molecular structures has four main activities organized in the following scenario: collection of experimental and theoretical data, visualization of 3D structures, molecular simulation, analysis and interpretation of results. This pipeline allows the expert to develop new hypotheses, to verify them experimentally and to produce new data as a starting point for a new scenario.The explosion in the amount of data to handle in this loop has two problems. Firstly, the resources and time dedicated to the tasks of transfer and conversion of data between each of these four activities increases significantly. Secondly, the complexity of molecular data generated by new experimental methodologies greatly increases the difficulty to properly collect, visualize and analyze the data.Immersive environments are often proposed to address the quantity and the increasing complexity of the modeled phenomena, especially during the viewing activity. Indeed, virtual reality offers a high quality stereoscopic perception, useful for a better understanding of inherently three-dimensional molecular data. It also displays a large amount of information thanks to the large display surfaces, but also to complete the immersive feeling with other sensorimotor channels (3D audio, haptic feedbacks,...).However, two major factors hindering the use of virtual reality in the field of structural biology. On one hand, although there are literature on navigation and environmental realistic virtual scenes, navigating abstract science is still very little studied. The understanding of complex 3D phenomena is however particularly conditioned by the subject’s ability to identify themselves in a complex 3D phenomenon. The first objective of this thesis work is then to propose 3D navigation paradigms adapted to the molecular structures of increasing complexity. On the other hand, the interactive context of immersive environments encourages direct interaction with the objects of interest. But the activities of: results collection, simulation and analysis, assume a working environment based on command-line inputs or through specific scripts associated to the tools. Usually, the use of virtual reality is therefore restricted to molecular structures exploration and visualization. The second thesis objective is then to bring all these activities, previously carried out in independent and interactive application contexts, within a homogeneous and unique interactive context. In addition to minimizing the time spent in data management between different work contexts, the aim is also to present, in a joint and simultaneous way, molecular structures and analyses, and allow their manipulation through direct interaction.Our contribution meets these objectives by building on an approach guided by both the content and the task. More precisely, navigation paradigms have been designed taking into account the molecular content, especially geometric properties, and tasks of the expert, to facilitate spatial referencing in molecular complexes and make the exploration of these structures more efficient. In addition, formalizing the nature of molecular data, their analysis and their visual representations, allows to interactively propose analyzes adapted to the nature of the data and create links between the molecular components and associated analyzes. These features go through the construction of a unified and powerful semantic representation making possible the integration of these activities in a unique interactive context
Laumond, Antoine. "Exploration, navigation et visualisation des réseaux multi-couches à travers les sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0076.
Testo completoNowadays networks are becoming more and more common subjects of study in many fields: from online social networks to criminal networks and linked collections of documents. Among these networks, a particular type of network, called "multi-layer networks", are composed of several sets of elements of distinct types ("the layers"). These objects are commonly encountered in the humanities and social sciences research fields but can be difficult to exploit because of their semantic complexity. To this end, we present M-QuBEEE, a method to explore multi-layer networks by successive and evolutive subnetwork extractions. Specifically adapted to the methodology of experts in the human and social sciences, M-QuBEEE determines the pertinence of each element of the network in order to propose a partial view relevant to the users. Users can then continue to interact iteratively on these sub-networks to improve their views or explore new directions
Ducoffe, Mélanie. "Active learning et visualisation des données d'apprentissage pour les réseaux de neurones profonds". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4115/document.
Testo completoOur work is presented in three separate parts which can be read independently. Firstly we propose three active learning heuristics that scale to deep neural networks: We scale query by committee, an ensemble active learning methods. We speed up the computation time by sampling a committee of deep networks by applying dropout on the trained model. Another direction was margin-based active learning. We propose to use an adversarial perturbation to measure the distance to the margin. We also establish theoretical bounds on the convergence of our Adversarial Active Learning strategy for linear classifiers. Some inherent properties of adversarial examples opens up promising opportunity to transfer active learning data from one network to another. We also derive an active learning heuristic that scales to both CNN and RNN by selecting the unlabeled data that minimize the variational free energy. Secondly, we focus our work on how to fasten the computation of Wasserstein distances. We propose to approximate Wasserstein distances using a Siamese architecture. From another point of view, we demonstrate the submodular properties of Wasserstein medoids and how to apply it in active learning. Eventually, we provide new visualization tools for explaining the predictions of CNN on a text. First, we hijack an active learning strategy to confront the relevance of the sentences selected with active learning to state-of-the-art phraseology techniques. These works help to understand the hierarchy of the linguistic knowledge acquired during the training of CNNs on NLP tasks. Secondly, we take advantage of deconvolution networks for image analysis to present a new perspective on text analysis to the linguistic community that we call Text Deconvolution Saliency
Aubault, Olivier. "Visualisation interactive de scènes vastes et complexes à travers un réseau". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1A008.
Testo completoCommo, Frederic. "Analyse génomique en médecine de précision : Optimisations et outils de visualisation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS132/document.
Testo completoIn oncology, a new paradigm tries to impose itself ; analyzing patient’s tumors, and identifying molecular alterations matching with targeted therapies to guide a personalized therapeutic orientation. Here, We discuss the molecular alterations possibly relevant for a therapeutic orientation, as well as the methods used for their identification : among the alterations of interest, copy number variations are widely used, and we more specifically focus on comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). We show, using well characterized cell lines, that identification of CNV is not trivial. In particular, the choice for centralizing profiles can be critical, and different strategies for adjusting profiles on a theoretical 2n baseline can lead to erroneous interpretations. Next, we show, using tumor samples, that a major consequence is to include, or miss, targetable alterations within the decision procedure. This work lead us to develop a comprehensive workflow, dedicated to aCGH analysis. This workflow supports the major aCGH platforms, ensure a full traceability of the entire process and provides interactive visualization tools to assist the interpretation. This workflow, called rCGH, has been implemented as a R package, and is available on Bioconductor. The interactive visualization tools are available on line, and are ready to be installed on any institutional server
Couture, Mathieu. "Détection d'intrusions et analyse passive de réseaux". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22751/22751.pdf.
Testo completoInscrit au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Ahmed, Nacer Abdelaziz. "Analyse et dimensionnement de réseaux hétérogènes embarqués". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20115/1/AHMEDNACER_Abdelaziz.pdf.
Testo completoPortilla, Yonathan. "Etude des Réseaux Sociaux : modélisation et analyse". Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG0235.
Testo completoCurrently social networks focus on the sharing and exchange of opinions, videos, photos, music,news and others informations, one of its objectives is to establish direct and indirect linkswith users. Social networks also promote products, people (their political or artistic image) orinfluential brands.Social networks are changing rapidly, so we’re looking to see the evolution of these sharingtools, and see how social networks change over time.We have the opportunity to study the events that occur in social networks thanks to the amount ofdata they produce. In the current market there are tools that allow the analysis of social networks,but most tools are not free, and 100% free tools disappear over time. For this reason we decidedto produce computer tools able to extract and analyse the data of the social networks studied.This study begins with the state of the art, where we describe the context of the problem, thework that led to this study and a summary of the contributions made during the thesis that wepresent briefly in the rest of the abstract.i. First we focus on the geo-linguistic fingerprint and language evolution in Twitter. Accessto content of messages sent by a group of subscribers of a social network may be usedto identify and quantify some features of a group. The feature can represent the level ofinterest in an event or product, or the popularity of an idea, or of a musical hit, or of apolitical figure. The feature can also represent how language is used and transformed,how words are written and how new grammatical rules appear.ii. Then we study the evolution of the cultural phenomenon called meme in social networks.Memes were defined by R. Dowkins as a cultural phenomenon that spreads through nongeneticforms. We examine three of the most popular memes of the internet and examinetheir impact on society in the Mediterranean countries. We use for analysing Google Trends, Topsy (a tool to measure the popularity of words on Twitter) and YouTube toquantify the impact of memes in the Mediterranean society.iii. After that we study the YouTube recommendation graph based on measurements andstochastic tools. We confirm that recommendation lists influence the views of a video.We focus on the recommendation system that boosts the popularity of videos. We buildfirst a graph that captures the recommendation system in YouTube and we study the relationshipbetween the number of views of a video and the average number of views of avideo in its recommendation list.iv. To conclude we describe the online tools available and the tools that we developed duringthe thesis. The online tools Topsy, Trendistic and Google Trends allowed us to analyseplatforms like YouTube and Twitter. We also produced tools based on API’s: in Twitterwe used the Streaming function to download and analyse tweets, with the Topsy APIwe studied the evolution of the language and the use of words, and the YouTube’s APIsallowed us to describe the behaviour on the lists of recommendations and the popularityof videos
Debard, Alexandre. "Analyse et optimisation d'antennes réseaux compactes superdirectives". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT058.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study and seek improvement of the superdirective antenna array technology. This technology has been recently re-examined in the literature since it can bring some interesting functionalities in the future telecommunication applications. The examination of this type of antenna is thus conducted through the use of Spherical Wave Expansion which allows for the general study of directivity limits as well as gain limits, considering lossy antennas. The classical theory of end-fire array antennas is also reviewed, in the case of uniformly spaced tapered arrays, providing theoretical evaluation of efficiency and sensitivity to source feeding precision.Infinitesimal dipoles and Huygens sources are considered in a proposed development that links array theory and Spherical Wave Expansion. This contribution provides a formal proof for the directivity limit of Huygens-source-based end-fire arrays as well as an upper bound for the directivity of dipole-based arrays, when the inter-element spacing tends to zero. Moreover, it is shown how classical array theory can also be used to derive excitation coefficients that maximize gain rather than directivity, when loss resistances are considered. An examination over antenna size is also made to demonstrate which conditions are most favorable for the use of such supergain or superdirective end-fire array optimization.In a second part, practical implementations of superdirective antennas are surveyed, focusing on Huygens sources and compact end-fire array designs. The chosen implementation architecture of parasitic element arrays is then detailed and studied, in order to minimize the requirement for negative or positive resistive loads. This lead to the design and measurement of five prototypes that aim at achieving the maximum possible gain or directivity for a limited radiator size, with two-, three- and four-dipole end-fire arrays
Chautard, Émilie. "Construction et analyse de réseaux d’interactions extracellulaires". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10161.
Testo completoThe extracellular matrix is composed of a tridimensional network of proteins and complex polysaccharides called glycosaminoglycans. It provides a structural support to tissues and modulates cell proliferation, migration and differenciation. We have created a database of protein-protein and proteinglycosaminoglycan extracellular interactions, MatrixDB (http://matrixdb.ibcp.fr). We have integrated experimental data, data issued of the literature curation and data from interaction databases publicly available. We have respected the curation and exchange standards of the IMEx consortium that includes MatrixDB. MatrixDB allows the construction and the visualization of the entire extracellular network and other types of interaction networks specific of a molecule, a tissue, a disease or a biological process. We have characterized the aging-related extracellular interaction network and underlined the important role of glycosaminoglycans and calcium in this network. We have constructed the interaction network of an antitumoral and anti-angiogenic matricryptin, endostatin, issued from collagen XVIII. Functional and structural analysis of their network showed that partners of endostatin are mostly involved in cell adhesion and that EGF domains are overrepresented. This has allowed us to to identify experimentally other partners of endostatin possessing one or more EGF domains and to propose new functions of endostatin. We have modelled complexes formed by endostatin with two of its partners to identify the binding sites.These predictions, associated with experimental data, allowed us to determine interactions able to be established simultaneously by endostatin. Integration of these data and of kinetics and affinity parameters in the interaction network of endostatin will be used to build a model of its mechanism of action that is not fully elucidated
Ayed, Hamdi. "Analyse et optimisation des réseaux avioniques hétérogènes". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0113/document.
Testo completoThe aim of my thesis is to provide a resources-efficient gateway to connect Input/Output (I/O) CAN buses to a backbone network based on AFDX technology, in modern avionics communication architectures. Currently, the Remote Data Concentrator (RDC) is the main standard for gateways in avionics; and the existing implementations do not integrate any resource management mechanism. To handle these limitations, we design an enhanced CAN-AFDX RDC integrating new functions: (i) Frame Packing (FP) allowing to reduce communication overheads with reference to the currently used "1 to 1" frame conversion strategy; (ii) Hierarchical Traffic Shaping (HTS) to reduce contention on the CAN bus. Furthermore, our proposed RDC allows the connection of multiple I/O CAN buses to AFDX while guaranteeing isolation between different criticality levels, using a software partitioning mechanism. To analyze the performance guarantees offered by our proposed RDC, we considered two metrics: the end-to-end latency and the induced AFDX bandwidth consumption. Furthermore, an optimization process was proposed to achieve an optimal configuration of our proposed RDC, i.e., minimizing the bandwidth utilization while meeting the real-time constraints of communication. Finally, the capacity of our proposed RDC to meet the emerging avionics requirements has been validated through a realistic avionics case study
Halnaut, Adrien. "Méthodes et outils d’analyse visuelle pour la compréhension, l’optimisation et l’élaboration de modèles de réseaux de neurones profonds". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0042.
Testo completoDeep‐learning methods are widely used in a variety of research and industrial domains, especially in the data classification task. However, this technology is often notoriously compared to a “black box”. The user can understand input and output data of the network, but has little to no knowledge about its internal processing. This aspect of neural networks makes difficult to justify their predictions. Explainability and Interpretability of deep neural networks is a research domain merging with a variety of scientific communities. Its goal is to make easier the understanding of neural networks for both users and experts. Information visualization is one of the techniques used to answer this need. It consists in building tools which make easier the understanding and the analysis of usually high dimensional datasets, using visual abstractions and interactions. In this thesis, we make use of data extracted from the output of each layer of the neural network to interpret the model decisions using visualization methods. First, we show it is possible to visualize groups of samples processed similarly by the network using a Sankey diagram. This method asks for large data processing, which we enable by using machine clusters infrastructures used in BigData operations. In order to study more complex scenarios, involving larger datasets and heavier network architectures, we develop compact data visualization methods. We propose two approaches: the first one implies representation of data proximities using data reduction to the ℕ space, the other one implies post‐processing to ℝ�� → ℝ2 data projections to build compact grids of data. In order to evaluate the performances of these projection methods, we propose a user study protocol. Its goal is to measure the suitability of visualization methods in tasks related to the understanding of high‐dimensional data. Finally, we carry out an evaluation following this protocol to compare the efficiency between compact data visualization and scatter plot visualization. This evaluation is conducted using state of the art methods t‐SNE and Self‐Sorting Maps
Guillaume, Jean-Loup. "Analyse statistique et modélisation des grands réseaux d'interactions". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011377.
Testo completoLa première partie est centrée sur l'analyse des réseaux et fait un point critique sur les réseaux étudiés et les paramètres introduits pour mieux comprendre leur structure. Un certain nombre de ces paramètres sont partagés par la majorité des réseaux étudiés et justifient l'étude de ceux-ci de manière globale.
La seconde partie qui constitue le coeur de cette thèse s'attache à la modélisation des grands réseaux d'interactions, c'est-à-dire la construction de graphes artificiels semblables à ceux rencontrés en pratique. Ceci passe tout d'abord par la présentation des modèles existants puis par l'introduction d'un modèle basé sur certaines propriétés non triviales qui est suffisamment simple pour que l'on puisse l'étudier formellement ses propriétés et malgré tout réaliste.
Enfin, la troisième partie est purement méthodologique. Elle permet de présenter la mise en pratique des parties précédentes et l'apport qui en découle en se basant sur trois cas particuliers : une étude des échanges dans un réseau pair-à-pair, une étude de la robustesse des réseaux aux pannes et aux attaques et enfin un ensemble de simulations visant à estimer la qualité des cartes de l'Internet actuellement utilisées.
Cette thèse met en lumière la nécessité de poursuivre les travaux sur les grands réseaux d'interactions et pointe plusieurs pistes prometteuses, notamment sur l'étude plus fine des réseaux, que ce soit de manière pondérée ou dynamique. Mais aussi sur la nécessité d'étudier de nombreux problèmes liés à la métrologie des réseaux pour réussir à capturer leur structure de manière plus précise.
Jlili, Mohamed Malek. "Analyse et optimisation d'efficacité de réseaux manufacturiers complexes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29907/29907.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the analysis and optimal design of manufacturing systems composed of unreliable machinery. The considered systems can operate in an assembly / disassembly structure. Buffer stocks are placed between the machines in order to decouple them from each other. These machines can operate in degraded mode. Each machine is represented as a system with three states: nominal operation, blackout and a degraded mode. We consider that the degraded mode affects only the nominal production rate of machines and not the quality of the parts produced. To assess the rate of production of such a manufacturing system with multi-state machine (called complex), an analytical method is first explored. This method consists on replacing each machine by an equivalent one with two states, and then applying one of the classical methods for networks with binary state machines. After discovering the lack of precision of this method, we used a simulation method based on the software Simio for the optimal design of networks with multi-state machines. In this design, it is about making a joint selection of technologies and buffer sizes between machines. The objective of the optimization is to maximize the rate of production under budget constraints. Most existing works consider the problem of allocating buffer stocks for serial lines or series-parallel when machine technologies are already chosen. Our method is developed and validated using different randomly generated instances. To do this, the developed simulation model is coupled with two optimization methods. The first method uses the OptQuest optimization tool. The second method is a new heuristic based on a genetic algorithm (GA). In each method, the optimizer uses the production rate estimation carried out by the simulation tool in its objective function. Our new method (simulation / GA) is compared to an approach coupling an analytical method to a GA in the case of binary machines. The numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of our method in terms of solution quality at the expense of the less efficient computation time.
Naim, Hafida. "Réseaux de service web : construction, analyse et applications". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0083.
Testo completoAs a part of this thesis, we exceed the description of web services to consider their structure as networks (i.e. similarity and interaction web service networks). We propose methods based on patterns, topic models and formal concept analysis, to improve the quality of discovered services. Three contributions are then proposed: (1) diversified services discovery, (2) services recommendation and (3) consistency of detected communities. Firstly, we propose modeling the space of web services through networks. To discover the diversified services corresponding to a given query, we propose a probabilistic method to diversify the discovery results based on relevancy, diversity and service density. In case of complex requests, it is necessary to combine multiple web services to fulfill this kind of requests. In this regard, we use the interaction web service network and the diversity notion in graphs to identify all possible services compositions. We also propose a new hybrid recommendation system based on both content and collaborative filtering. Its originality comes from the combination of probabilistic topic models and pattern mining to capture the maximal common semantic of a set of services. Finally, instead of processing individual services, we consider a set of services grouped into service communities for the recommendation. We propose in this context, a new method combining both topology and semantics to evaluate the quality and the semantic consistency of detected communities, and also rank the detection communities algorithms
Giroire, Frédéric. "Réseaux, algorithmique et analyse combinatoire de grands ensembles". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066530.
Testo completoSerrour, Belkacem. "Détection et analyse de communautés dans les réseaux". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10332.
Testo completoThe study of the sub-structure of complex networks is of major importance to relate topology and functionality. Understanding the modular units (communities) of graphs is of utmost importance to grasping knowledge about the functionality and performance of such systems. A community is defined as a group of nodes such that connections between the nodes are denser than connections with the rest of the network. Generally, the members of one community share the same interest. Many efforts have been devoted to the analysis of the modular structure of networks. The most of these works are grouped into two parts: community detection and community analysis. Community detection consists on finding communities in networks whithout knowing there size and number. While the community analysis deals the study of the structural and semantic properties of the emerged communities, and the understanding of the functionality and the performance of the network. In this thesis, we are interested on the study of the community structures in networks. We give contributions in both community analysis and community detection parts. In the community analysis part, we study the communities of communication networks and the communities in web services. On the one hand, we study the community emergence in communication networks. We propose a classification of the emerged community structures in a given network. We model the networks by graphs and we characterize them by some parameters (network size, network density, number of resources in the network, number of providers in the network, etc.). We give also a direct correlation between the network parameters and the emerged community structures. On the other hand, we study the communities in the web service logs. We aim to discover the business protocol of services (sequences of messages exchanged between the service and a client to achieve a given goal). We analyze the log files and we model them by graphs. In our final tree graph (message graph), the paths represent the conversations (communities). In the community detection part, the main goal of our contribution is to determine communities using as building blocks triangular motifs. We propose an approach for triangle community detection based on modularity optimization using the spectral algorithm decomposition and optimization. The resulting algorithm is able to identify efficiently the best partition in communities of triangles of any given network, optimizing their correspondent modularity function
Jabban, Ahmad. "Optimisation et analyse des résesaux intelligents et des réseaux hétérogènes". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00881045.
Testo completoGreffard, Nicolas. "Visualisation stéréoscopique et interactive de structures en communautés dans des graphes". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072368.
Testo completoDoan, Nath-Quang. "Modèles hiérarchiques et topologiques pour le clustering et la visualisation des données". Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_doan.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on clustering approaches inspired from topological models and an autonomous hierarchical clustering method. The clustering problem becomes more complicated and difficult due to the growth in quality and quantify of structured data such as graphs, trees or sequences. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in self-organizing maps which have been generally used for learning topological preservation, clustering, vector quantization and graph visualization. Our studyconcerns also a hierarchical clustering method AntTree which models the ability of real ants to build structure by connect themselves. By combining the topological map with the self-assembly rules inspired from AntTree, the goal is to represent data in a hierarchical and topological structure providing more insight data information. The advantage is to visualize the clustering results as multiple hierarchical trees and a topological network. In this report, we present three new models that are able to address clustering, visualization and feature selection problems. In the first model, our study shows the interest in the use of hierarchical and topological structure through several applications on numerical datasets, as well as structured datasets e. G. Graphs and biological dataset. The second model consists of a flexible and growing structure which does not impose the strict network-topology preservation rules. Using statistical characteristics provided by hierarchical trees, it accelerates significantly the learning process. The third model addresses particularly the issue of unsupervised feature selection. The idea is to use hierarchical structure provided by AntTree to discover automatically local data structure and local neighbors. By using the tree topology, we propose a new score for feature selection by constraining the Laplacian score. Finally, this thesis offers several perspectives for future work
Greffard, Nicolas. "Visualisation stéréoscopique et interactive de structures en communautés dans des graphes". Phd thesis, Nantes, 2013. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=1a7138cf-3841-4f6d-9323-e301aebc9d4d.
Testo completoEver since the pioneering work of Moreno in 1934, social network analysis has always included drawings depicting relationships between actors. From these days, the graph visualization field has grown within the graph drawing and information visualization communities. Besides the algorithmic and combinatoric questions arising from graph drawings, new challenges now include networks visual data mining. Usually referred to as visual analytics it involves the integration of the user at the heart of the analysis. In this thesis, we focus on interactive and stereoscopic visual restitutions allowing the user to drive the mining process. Using a ad hoc experimental environment, we try to assert their its impact on a popular task of community detection. Through several experiments, we show that for a specific class of graphs, 2D seems more adapted for the easier graphs while stereoscopic 3D is beneficial for the more complex ones. We also identify some differences in the interactions between the stereo and mono conditions, which seems to indicate behavioral differences emerging from differing interaction strategies. We also propose some prospects such as the implementation of a library allowing hands-free interactions adapted to visual mining in front of a large screen
Blanchard, Frédéric Herbin Michel. "Visualisation et classification de données multidimensionnelles Application aux images multicomposantes /". Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2005. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000287.pdf.
Testo completoMarquez, Florez Jorge Alberto. "Analyse et visualisation des structures complexes en 3d : une approche par frontières discrètes". Paris, ENST, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENST0047.
Testo completoMárquez, Flores Jorge Alberto. "Analyse et visualisation des structures complexes en 3D : une approche par frontières discrètes /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37630605c.
Testo completoMarvie, Jean-Eudes. "Visualisation Interactive d'Environnements Virtuels Complexes à travers des Réseaux et sur des Machines à Performances Variables". Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0011.
Testo completoSolutions dedicated to remote visualisation of virtual environnements are multiple. They are most often dedicated to specific problems and the different architectures that are proposed are rarely used jointly. Our solution, Magellan, provides a framework as well as a generic distributed application that allows, thanks to a component approach, the integration of these solutions. It allows the user to develop freely, for its component, the streaming modes, the distributions of the states and execution schemas as well as the adaptive rendering mode. We then propose a streaming solution dedicated to remote visualisation of architectural and urban sceneries. We finally present two new local optimisations: the first one handles the adaptive management of progressive texture maps and the other one makes use of procedural geometric models to optimize the remote visualisation of large urban models
Esson, François. "Un logiciel de visualisation et de classification interactives de données quantitatives multidimensionnelles". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10089.
Testo completoA chaque nouvelle configuration du référentiel (point de vue, direction de vue) correspondra une représentation plane différente de l'ensemble des points de données. C'est la généralisation à la dimension n de ce concept qui est à la base du travail effectue. Le logiciel issu de cette nouvelle approche interactive dans le domaine de la classification multidimensionnelle et de la représentation plane de données multidimensionnelles devrait apporter un outil de travail intéressant pour des chercheurs qui sans être des spécialistes en analyse de données ou en programmation, seraient amenés à utiliser l'approche de la classification, pour leur travail
Stehlé, Juliette. "Réseaux de proximité humaine : analyse, modélisation et processus dynamiques". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777540.
Testo completoLiakouti, Achraf. "Analyse et modélisation de rayonnement électromagnétique des réseaux CPL". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC063/document.
Testo completoThe use of electric cables as a support for transmitting digital data for applications such as Internet access or home automation is certainly very attractive. However, unintentional electromagnetic radiation (EM) from such wire systems for PLC transmission may be a source of EM pollution and a problem of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Therefore, the evaluation of the corresponding radiations in the near-field zone is of a certain interest. In this manuscript, a mathematical model for estimation of the electromagnetic radiation from wire conductors used by the PLC technology is presented. From the EMC standpoint, the radiation of a PLC network is observed from the aspect of the emission levels. The corresponding radiated values of the fields may be appropriately determined if the current distribution in the PLC network is known. However, in practice the approach to measuring these currents is very difficult or even impossible. Therefore, a simplified approach based on the integral equations of the electromagnetic fields is proposed in order to adequately quantify EM radiation from PLC wire conductors in cases of least measured data. Also, this model may be applied in cases where estimation of current distribution is numerically difficult even by using existing numerical software (FEKO, NEC, etc.). The proposed model is validated either by simulations compared to FEKO software, or experimentally through a comparative test case studies