Tesi sul tema "Analyse des signaux transitoires"
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Bernard, Cindy. "Caractérisation des phénomènes physiques par analyse parcimonieuse des signaux transitoires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT090/document.
Testo completoFor their uniqueness, transient are really difficult to characterize. They are met everywhere and are generally the result of very complex physical phenomena that contain a lot of information such as the transient at its origin, the effect of the propagation through the medium and the effects induced by the transducers. They can correspond to communication between mammals as well as being the reflection of a fault in electrical or hydraulic networks for instance. Hence their study is of great importance even though it is quite complicated. Numerous signal processing methods have been developed in the last decades: they often rely on statistical approaches, linear projections of the signal onto dictionaries and data-driven techniques. All those methods have pros and cons since they often provide good detections, nevertheless their characterization for classification and discrimination purposes remains complicated. In this spirit, this thesis proposes new approaches to study transients. After a brief overview of the existing methods, this work first focuses on the representation of signals having tight-varying time-frequency components. Generally, general complex-time distributions present a proper framework to study them but remain limited to narrow band signals. In a first part, we propose to overcome this limitation in the case of signals with a spread time-frequency variation. This method is based on the compression of the signal's spectrum to a bandwidth that ensures the efficiency of the technique. A second part then focuses on the extraction of nonlinear modulation phase signals in the context of nonstationary noise and other coherent signals. This is performed with warping operators and compressive sensing reconstruction techniques. The third chapter then focuses on data-driven methods based on the representation of the signal in phase space. The main contribution takes advantage of the lag diversity that enables to highlight time scale transformations as well as amplitude modifications between transients. Hence, we develop different techniques enabling to highlight those properties. Finally, works presented in the first chapters are developed in applicative contexts such as: ECG segmentation, electrical transient characterization, a passive acoustic configuration and the study of acoustic signals in an immerse environment. We then end up by some conclusions and perspectives for future works
Gottin, Bertrand. "Analyse multi-capteurs de signaux transitoires issus de systèmes électriques". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565368.
Testo completoBATAILLOU, ERIC. "Analyse de signaux transitoires bruites : traitement sequentiel et traitement vectoriel. application aux signaux biomedicaux". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4767.
Testo completoDuboisset-Chareyre, Laure. "Analyse bispectrale de signaux réels : application à la détection de transitoires". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0168.
Testo completoYvetot, Stéphane. "Analyse de Prony multi-modèle de signaux transitoires : application aux signaux générés par l'impulsion électromagnétique d'origine nucléaire". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT088H.
Testo completoBirleanu, Florin-Marian. "Construction des espaces de représentation RPA pour l'analyse des signaux transitoires". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762428.
Testo completoGuépié, Blaise Kévin. "Détection séquentielle de signaux transitoires : application à la surveillance d'un réseau d'eau potable". Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0004.
Testo completoThis thesis is part of the project "Vigires'eau" funded by the French National Research Agency program through the Concepts, Systems and Tools for Global Security (ANRCSOSG, ANR-08-SECU-013-02). It addresses the problem of sequentially detecting a transient signal in safety-critical systems. For these systems, the detection of a change has to be made, on the one hand, with a detection delay less than a prescribed value, and on the other hand, with the minimal probability of nondetection under constraint on the probability of false alarm. The optimality criteria and algorithms found in the literature are not suitable for this kind of detection. We propose in this thesis a new optimality criterion which aims to minimize the worst probability of missed detection under constraint on the worst probability of false alarm. To solve the detection problem according to the new optimality criterion, we introduce a detection algorithm called Variable Thresholds Window Limited CUSUM. After analyzing the statistical performance of this algorithm, we proceed to the optimization of the latter. The algorithm is then applied to a concrete case which is the monitoring of a drinking water distribution system. Such monitoring is critical in the sense that any contamination, whether accidental or intentional, causes a public health problem
Bourien, Jérôme. "Analyse de distributions spatio-temporelles de transitoires dans des signaux vectoriels. Application à la détection classificationd'activités paroxystiques intercritiques dans des observations EEG". Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007178.
Testo completoBourien, Jérôme. "Analyse de distributions spatio-temporelles de transitoires dans des signaux vectoriels. Application à la détection-classification d'activités paroxystiques intercritiques dans des observations EEG". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007178.
Testo completo1. Détection des AE monovoie. La méthode de détection, qui repose sur une approche heuristique, utilise un banc de filtres en ondelettes pour réhausser la composante pointue des AE (généralement appelée "spike" dans la littérature). La valeur moyenne des statistiques obtenues en sortie de chaque filtre est ensuite analysée avec un algorithme de Page-Hinkley dans le but de détecter des changements abrupts correspondant aux spikes.
2. Fusion des AE. Cette procédure recherche des co-occurrences entre AE monovoie à l'aide d'une fenêtre glissante puis forme des AE multivoies.
3. Extraction des sous-ensembles de voies fréquement et significativement activées lors des AE multivoies (appelés "ensembles d'activation").
4. Evaluation de l'éxistence d'un ordre d'activation temporel reproductible (éventuellement partiel) au sein de chaque ensemble d'activation.
Les méthodes proposées dans chacune des étapes ont tout d'abord été évaluées à l'aide de signaux simulés (étape 1) ou à l'aide de models Markoviens (étapes 2-4). Les résultats montrent que la méthode complète est robuste aux effets des fausses-alarmes. Cette méthode a ensuite été appliquée à des signaux enregistrés chez 8 patients (chacun contenant plusieurs centaines d'AE). Les résultats indiquent une grande reproductibilité des distributions spatio-temporelles des AE et ont permis l'identification de réseaux anatomo-fonctionnels spécifiques.
Huneau, Clément. "Détection et modélisation biomathématique d'évènements transitoires dans les signaux EEG intracérébraux : application au suivi de l'épileptogenèse dans un modèle murin". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869599.
Testo completoBérail, Sylvain. "Nouvelles stratégies d’introduction d’échantillon en MC-ICP-MS pour la bio-géochimie isotopique du mercure en ultra-trace". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3019/document.
Testo completoIn addition to the quantitative and speciation analysis, the analysis of mercury stable isotopes by MC-ICP-MS are now a tool of choice to track sources and pathways of this element in the environment. This PhD thesis presents the development of hyphenation between pre-concentration techniques and MC-ICP-MS to measure isotopic composition of mercury at ng.L-1 levels (Ultra-trace). The on-line pre-concentration strategy will create short transient signals which represent a real challenge for MC-ICP-MS. In order to solve it, a data treatment strategy for this particular signals and a correction method for the isotopic drift were developed.The hyphenation between a cold vapor generation, a dual gold amalgamation (CVG-DGA) and a MC-ICP-MS was developed to determine total mercury isotopic composition. This new technique gives external precisions ranging from 0.20 to 0.30‰ (2SD) for Hg concentration in solution of 5 ng.L-1. This PhD thesis also reports a new method to perform mercury compound specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) using a gas chromatography fitted with a PTV injector (GC-PTV) coupled to the MC-ICP-MS. This allows the isotopic analysis of several species with external precisions ranging from 0.30 to 0.40‰ (2SD) for mercury concentration down to 150 ng.L-1 in biological samples.The analytical developments proposed in this PhD thesis allows to automatically and directly measure mercury isotopic compositions at ultra-trace levels (down to 5 ng.L-1) while keeping precision compatible with main environmental questions. This will allow to analyze environmental compartment containing very low amount of mercury (natural waters, planktons,…) and then open new perspectives for a better understanding of the bio-geochimical cycle of mercury
Vasile, Costin. "Characterization & detection of electric Arc Detection in Low-Voltage IEC Networks". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT008.
Testo completoContext & Motivation:Electrical installations in buildings deteriorate, over time and the severity and rate of deterioration depend on environmental factors (such as heat, humidity, corrosive chemical reactions and aging insulations) and unwanted external actions (such as human mishandling, that leads to damaged devices or cables/network).Caution is mandatory when handling electrical installations, seeing that potential hazards include electric shocks, burns, explosions and fire, if proper safety precautions are ignored or neglected. The European Fire Academy (EFA) and many property and casualty insurance companies report that 25% of building fires are electrical in origin. These fires can be triggered by overloaded circuits, short-circuits, earth leakage currents, overvoltage and/or electrical arc faults in connections and cables.Classical electrical protection such as circuit breakers and RCDs offer insufficient protection. For example, in case of series arc faults, the arc fault current value remains below the rated current value, since it is limited by the resistance of the carbon generated by the arc fault and by the load itself. In this case, no existing protection can detect such kind of fault.Arc Fault Detection: Signal Processing ApproachIn the context of this work, the objective has been to detect each instant of arcing, which for an AC network, would mean correctly identifying each arcing in each network half-cycle where it occurs.Depending on the numerical feature used for detection purposes, we introduced different classes of methods:• Energy-related features (narrow and wideband)• Statistical features (statistical moments, correlation analysis etc.)• Model-based features (using numerical models, such as AR, for example)• Data-driven features (using Phase Space Embedding for time series)Each approach has been tested & evaluated on a carefully constructed signal database, capable of supplying real-world variability, within a statistical evaluation framework which enables finding suitable thresholds and their appropriate ranges. It also gives relative performances, from one feature to another, based on how threshold ranges cover the entire feature space.A promising approach is shown with an intermediary result in Figure 9. The configuration is rather common, with a resistive load (R – Load) in normal operation, with a dimmer being turned on and added in the configuration and a persistent arc appearing in the circuit.Figure 9 Resistive load, dimmer and persistent arcing – processing result (example).Simply analyzing the 50Hz line current waveform is insufficient, as even at a simple visual inspection there is difficulty in identifying where the arc fault ignites and if it is a stable one, or if it extinguishes afterwards (or where). By correctly measuring the high frequency arc fault noise and with correct selection of the bandwidth, we manage to obtain a signal much easier to process further on. Arcing is inherently difficult to detect, due to high frequency energy intensity variation from one network to another (even more: for the same network, adding/removing loads or extension cords will change the amplitude and frequency distribution of the arc fault energy). Therefore, we exploit the intrinsic randomness of arcing, which enables sufficient variability from one arcing realization to another.To conclude, we propose a new signal processing methodology for arc fault detection, to be implemented in an AFDD product algorithm. Also, another approach is presented, based on phase diagram analysis, that allows the separation between the arcs and communication signals, which is also a great challenge in this field
Lavielle, Vincent. "Processus atomiques cohérents appliqués à l'analyse spectrale très large bande de signaux radio fréquence". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007886.
Testo completoFranco, Samuel. "Searching for long transient gravitational waves in the LIGO-Virgo data". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062708.
Testo completoPoupard, Marion. "Contributions en méthodes bioacoustiques multiéchelles : spécifiques, populationnelles, individuelles et comportementales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0015.
Testo completoThe objective of this thesis is to make different methodological contributions in bioacoustics for the study of fauna. Bioacoustics is a recent multidisciplinary science and is very effective for studying and classifying an ecosystem. Many past studies have developed acoustical methods to analyze wildlife across (1) specific, (2) populational, (3) individual and (4) behavioral scales. The research presented in this thesis aims to study different case methods in the four scales of analysis listed above while also setting up tools from the setup of the acquisition material to the analysis of the data for all the aforementioned scales, and finally the discussion of the studies and putting them into perspective. In this study, (1) specific bioacoustics were illustrated by the automatic classification of orcas, sperm whales, and birds. The acoustic classification of orca clans were studied for (2) population analysis. Then the scale was refined and (3) individual acoustic emissions were studied through three different case studies : the individual locations of orcas, sperm whales, and birds. The last scale evaluated was (4) behavioral bioacoustics which aimed to correlate behaviors with acoustic emissions. In order to correlate certain behaviors with acoustic emissions, the influence of maritime traffic on pantropical spotted dolphins and the impact of chemical stimuli in humpbacks were evaluated and recorded. We deliberately chose to select a diverse pool of species that would produce a variety of different signals (stationary vs. transient) and had evolved in different environments (marine vs. terrestrial). This allows us to standardize analysis methods in order to facilitate the development of new studies in bioacoustics. Each case study showed interesting results in terms of bioacoustics and behavioral ecology. These results were compared with past studies which can be found in the bibliography. The results of each case study validated the methods proposed in this thesis. In particular, our study yielded excellent results in the evaluation of bird songs and is now a sound-recognition application available on any type of mobile phone, making it easy to identify bird species. The methodological contributions of this thesis, specifically the difference between stationary and transient signals and those of marine or terrestrial evolution, were synthesized, compared, and discussed. Supervised and unsupervised methods were also compared. These proposed methods have been tested and validated using massive data (several tens of Tera), which are unique. In conclusion, this thesis shows that supervised methods, in particular Deep Learning, are very well suited for the classification of stationary signals in specific and population-based bioacoustics for the terrestrial and marine environment. We also derived that unsupervised methods such as clustering and reduction of dimensionality, can be used within the framework of behavioral bioacoustics to identify signals of interest. Finally, individual bioacoustics can be translated into localization methods such as estimating the inter-sensor delay time which is feasible for transient signals and more complex for stationary signals
Nastasiu, Dragos-Florin. "Développement de solutions pour l’identification (THID) et l’authentification par des approches non intrusives dans le domaine THz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA007.
Testo completoTHz imaging is an emerging field since the technological advances in terms of THz radiation emission and detection equipment. The main objective of the thesis is to contribute and to improve THz imaging systems, from image reconstruction and analysis to image classification tasks. In the first part of the thesis, we tackle the amplitude estimation challenge under ideal and multiplicative noise conditions. The multiplicative noise deforms the phase and introduces complex artefacts, such as contour information loss and contrast degradation, that cannot be eliminated using state-of-the-art image reconstruction techniques. In this regard, we introduce five novel reconstruction methods which exploit the phase diagram representation of signals. Two of the methods are based on phase-diagram match filtering to estimate the amplitude in both conditions. Another two methods use the concept of dynamic time warping (DTW) to increase the capability to model the multiplicative type of noise. Lastly, we exploit the dynamic of the phase trajectory described by the curvatures to reconstruct the image. From the large pool of methods, we evaluate throughout the thesis that the curvature-based method efficiently reconstructs the image in both ideal and noisy contexts. After an efficient image reconstruction, the second part of the thesis, we study image analysis and classification methods considering the instabilities of real-world imaging systems, such as translations and rotations. In this sense, we propose to use translation and rotation invariant wavelet packet decompositions, that provide a unique and optimal representation of an image, regardless if the image is translated or rotated. Based on the invariant image representations, novel feature extraction techniques are introduced such as vertical, horizontal, N-directional and N-zonal frameworks. Additionally, two feature structures are introduced and that consider the frequency partitioning of the wavelet decomposition and are adapted to work with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and classic ML classifiers such as k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), etc. Overall, our proposed approaches increase the accuracy of all classifiers
Valentin, Thierry. "Méthode de conception d'architectures tolérantes aux fautes transitoires à base de composants commerciaux : application aux communications en milieu spatial". Lorient, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LORIS010.
Testo completoFaure, Cynthia. "Détection de ruptures et identification des causes ou des symptômes dans le fonctionnement des turboréacteurs durant les vols et les essais". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E059/document.
Testo completoAnalysing multivariate time series created by sensors during a flight or a bench test represents a new challenge for aircraft engineers. Each time series can be decomposed univariately into a series of stabilised phases, well known by the expert, and transient phases that are merely explored but very informative when the engine is running. Our project aims at converting these time series into a succession of labels, designing transient and stabilised phases in a bivariate context. This transformation of the data will allow several perspectives: tracking similar behaviours or bivariate patterns seen during a flight, finding similar curves from a given curve, identifying the atypical curves, detecting frequent or rare sequences of labels during a flight, discovering hidden multivariate structures, modelling a representative flight, and spotting unusual flights. This manuscript proposes : methodology to automatically identify transient and stabilized phases, cluster all engine transient phases, label multivariate time series and analyse them. All algorithms are applied on real flight measurements with a validation of the results from expert knowledge
PRAT, MICHEL. "Chronometrie subnanoseconde appliquee a l'analyse de signaux transitoires rapides". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066675.
Testo completoMaller, Jennifer. "Caractérisation de signaux transitoires radio à l'observatoire Pierre Auger". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0186/document.
Testo completoAfter more than a century of studies, one of the challenging questions related to ultra-high energy cosmic rays concerns their nature, which remains unclear. Improving the knowledge about the composition of cosmic rays will permit to constrain the models concerning their origins and the production mechanisms in the astrophysical sources. Simulations show that, the electric field emitted by the shower is sensitive to its development. This electric-field can be measured with a high duty cycle, and thus is apromising technique to identify an observable sensitive to the nature of the primary cosmic ray. The radio signal is also used to measure its arrival direction and its energy. Since 2006, the Pierre Auger Observatory hosts several radio detection arrays of cosmic rays, starting from small size prototypes (RAuger, MAXIMA) to achieve a large scale array of 124 radio stations: AERA, the Auger Engineering Radio Array covering 6 km². These different arrays allow the study of the radio emission during the development of the shower in the MHz domain. AERA is deployed in the low energy extension of the Pierre Auger Observatory in order to have a larger statistics. It enables interesting hybrid measurements, with the comparison of radio observable with those obtained with the surface detector (SD) and the fluorescence telescopes close to the array. This thesis is dedicated to the characterization of the radio transient signals detected by RAuger and AERA. As one of the challenges of the radio detection of air-shower is to remove the anthropic background causing accidental triggering, methods for background rejection and SD-AERA coincidences selection have been developed. A study of the correlation between the shower development in the atmosphere (longitudinal profile) and the electric-field measured by the radio stations is also presented. This study shows the relationship between the electric-field and the shower development in the atmosphere and confirms that the radio signal is a powerful tool to study the nature of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays
Murgan, Irina. "Contributions au traitement des signaux ultrasonores pour des mesures instantanées en écoulements transitoires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT120/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to propose ultrasonic signal processing methods in order to improve the transitory flow velocity non-intrusive detection through pipes, in complex measurement conditions. By complex measurement conditions, we refer to high or very low flow rates and also to transitory or turbulent flows. Usually, the flow velocity can be non-intrusive estimated, using ultrasonic flow meters based on transit time estimation. Conventional transit time flowmeters are based on the alternating emission of single-frequency acoustic pulses (ie, narrow-band acoustic pulses) and the calculation of the absolute difference between flight times in the direction of flow (direct) and in the opposite direction (reverse). The fluid velocity (and the flow rate), or rather the precision of estimation of these quantities, rest mainly on the estimation of this difference. The sensitive part of this technique is the choice of the threshold (assuming that the received signal is not affected by other phenomena such as echoes, excessive attenuation or Doppler effects) determined mainly empirically: above 50% or 80% of the maximum expected value of the signal. Techniques for reducing measurement errors are quite conceivable and provide acceptable accuracy under almost ideal measurement conditions. However, apart from the case with idealized measurement conditions, there are several scenarios where current techniques are deficient: sensor misalignment, excessive flow velocity which leads to the “flow blow” effect, two-phase flow and / or the presence of the Doppler effect. These facts, presented in the second chapter of the manuscript, led us to consider, within the framework of this thesis, research axes whose common objective are to provide the signal processing tools capable of lifting the operational locks. Thus, the signal processing principles considered to meet this objective are: the principle of wide-band signals which gives the signal processing system a finer resolution and better robustness to disturbances; the concept of compressing sensing in order to reconstruct the missing samples due to interference at the reception point; the principle of beamforming and the principle of multi-paths which makes it possible to evaluate the velocity profile in a pipe section
Lopatka, Maciej Motsch Jean-François Zarzycki Jan. "Détection et reconnaissance des signaux stochastiques transitoires application à l'identification des mammifères marins /". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0253678.pdf.
Testo completoThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Pagination : 209 p. Bibliogr. 153 réf.
Lopatka, Maciej. "Détection et reconnaissance des signaux stochastiques transitoires : application à l'identification des mammifères marins". Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120021.
Testo completoThis PhD work is based on the detection and the recognition of sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) clicks. These signals are short, non-stationary, recorded with time-variant noise. We propose an original approach based on the Schur method. We chose this parametric technique for meany reasons. Firstly, the coefficients are recursively updated at the presentation of each new sample of the acoustic recordings. Because f an adaptative forgetting factor, the convergence step is reduced and the method is well adapted to the variations of these signals. Secondly, the Schur coefficients contain information necessary for characterizing the sperm whale clicks. We can also distinguish these clicks from the striped dolphin (Stenella Coeruleoalba) clicks. Thirdly, we compared our detector to other classical techniques used in bioacoustics. The obtained performance justifies our choice, even for signals with a weak signal-to-noise ratio. Fourthly, we showed that the computation complexity is compatible with real-time applications. This is essential in the objective of applying this algorithm on marine mammal observation stations using passive acoustics
Feltekh, Kais. "Analyse spectrale des signaux chaotiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071919.
Testo completoBonnet, Laurent. "Analyse de signaux musicaux multipitch". Mémoire, Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1200.
Testo completoSanquer, Matthieu. "Détection et caractérisation de signaux transitoires : application à la surveillance de courbes de charge". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT095/document.
Testo completoLEPORINI, DAVID. "Modelisation statistique et paquets d'ondelettes : application au debruitage de signaux transitoires d'acoustique sous-marine". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112216.
Testo completoCHOLLET, CLEMENT. "Metrologie de diagnostics sur signaux transitoires dans le domaine de la cinematographie ultra-rapide". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066112.
Testo completoGUYARD, DAVID. "Metrologie des diagnostics sur signaux transitoires rapides, appliquee aux transmissions analogiques par fibres optiques". Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2076.
Testo completoGrassin, Stéphane. "Analyse temps-fréquence des signaux discrets". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10165.
Testo completoCoron, Alain. "Analyse de signaux climatiques et solaires". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0037.
Testo completoBoudaoud, Sofiane. "Analyse de la variabilité de forme des signaux : Application aux signaux électrophysiologiques". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377428.
Testo completoAu chapitre 2, nous nous intéressons à la caractérisation objective de l'acouphène, une sensation sonore fantôme. En effet, un problème majeur est l'absence de critère objectif pour le caractériser. Pour cela nous étudions l'activité spontanée composite (ASC) issue du nerf auditif et les potentiels évoqués (PE) issus de relais auditifs en présence de salicylate, un générateur d'acouphènes, chez le cochon d'Inde. La première partie du travail consiste en la présentation d'un modèle de génération de l'ASC. Ce modèle nous sert à tester en simulation des scénarios possibles d'altérations neurosensorielles en présence de salicylate. En complément de l'index spectral décrit dans la littérature, nous proposons d'employer un critère de similarité sur la distribution d'amplitude de l'ASC pour mesurer ces altérations. La seconde partie du chapitre consiste à étudier la variabilité temporelle des PE sur plusieurs relais auditifs en présence de salicylate.
Au chapitre 3, nous montrons des applications de détection de pathologies à partir de l'analyse de forme d'une composante spécifique de l'ECG, l'onde P. Les pathologies concernées sont la fibrillation auriculaire et l'apnée du sommeil.
Dellandréa, Emmanuel. "Analyse de signaux vidéos et sonores : application à l'étude de signaux médicaux". Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4031.
Testo completoThe work deals with the study of multimedia sequences containing images and sounds. The analysis of images sequences consists in the tracking of moving objects in order to allow the study of their properties. The investigations have to enable the understanding of sounds when correlated to events in the image sequence. One generic method, based on the combination of regions and contours tracking, and one method adapted to homogeneous objects, based on level set theory, are proposed. The analysis of audio data consists in the development of an identification system based on the study of the structure of signals thanks to their coding and Zipf laws modeling. These methods have been evaluated on medical sequences within the framework of the gastro-oesophageal reflux pathology study, in collaboration with the Acoustique et Motricité Digestive research team of the University of Tours
Saurel, Richard. "Etude d'écoulements transitoires monophasiques ou diphasiques compressibles avec discontinuités". Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX11296.
Testo completoVoicu, Iulian. "Analyse, caractérisation et classification de signaux foetaux". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907317.
Testo completoSUISSE, GEORGES. "Analyse temps-frequence des signaux electriques cerebraux". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5284.
Testo completoNguyen, Minh-Quy. "Analyse multi-dimensionnelle et analyse par les ondelettes des signaux sismiques". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0017.
Testo completoCosandier-Rimélé, Delphine. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle d’activités épileptiques transitoires : apport dans l’interprétation des signaux EEG de surface et de profondeur". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S035.
Testo completoThis work deals with the interpretation of electrophysiological signals recorded in epileptic patients candidate to surgery. This issue is addressed through a realistic modelling of electroencephalographic (EEG) and stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) signals. This modelling approach is based on a physiologically relevant representation of the sources of brain activity, which associates a biophysical model of dipolar sources with a biomathematical model of neuronal populations. Simulated signals, obtained by solving the forward problem in the head conductor volume, are compared to real EEG and SEEG signals recorded in patients. Our results show that the approach allows for studying, on the one hand, the relationships between the spatio-temporal organisation of neuronal sources and the properties of the observed signal, and on the other hand, the relationship of the scalp EEG activities to the underlying intracerebral field potentials
Vi-Tong, Eric. "Analyse et classification séquentielle de signaux d'émission acoustique". Compiègne, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986COMPS138.
Testo completoPeter, Zsolt-Andrei. "Analyse de signaux et d'images en turbulence 2D". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12926.
Testo completoRivoira, Arnaud. "Analyse spectrale des signaux stochastiques à échantillonage aléatoire". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112157.
Testo completoThe work presented here deals with the spectral analysis of randomly sampled stochastic signals. After some recalls on the technical and scientific issues at stake, a state of the art of the previous methods is given and the mathematical framework is introduced. Spectral analysis methods can be classified into two categories according to whether or not they use the sampling times are used. The methods of the latter category are considered first. Following an overview of these methods, a new parametric approach, based on the identification to the CARMA model, is detailed. Then, the methods using the values of the sampling times are studied. In particular, two classes of estimators are proposed: the estimators, called IRINCORREL, which are related to those introduced by Masry, the estimators by projection, which generalize the very famous Slotting technique and its different versions. Finally, we conclude by giving a synthetic summary exhibiting the different prospects of this study and the possible extensions that could be investigated
Laleg, Taous-Meriem. "Analyse de signaux par quantification semi-classique. Application à l'analyse des signaux de pression artérielle". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00357309.
Testo completoLaleg, Kirati Taous-Meriem. "Analyse de signaux par quantification semi-classique : application à l'analyse des signaux de pression artérielle". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0041.
Testo completoCette thèse introduit une nouvelle méthode d'analyse de signaux, appelée SCSA, basée sur une quantification semi-classique. L'idée principale de la SCSA consiste à interpréter un signal en forme d’impulsions comme un puits de potentiel pour une particule semi-classique et à le représenter par les niveaux d’énergie discrets associés donnés par le spectre discret d’un opérateur de Schrödinger. La SCSA est une première étape vers une approximation par solitons (potentiels sans réflexion), qui définit une représentation parcimonieuse du signal, intéressante pour des applications en traitement du signal, par exemple la compression de données. Ce travail propose aussi un algorithme numérique pour l’estimation de signaux par la SCSA et présente les résultats de l’analyse des signaux de pression artérielle par cette méthode. En plus de la reconstruction satisfaisante de ces signaux, la SCSA introduit de nouveaux indices qui semblent véhiculer des informations physiologiques importantes
Monir, Abdelilah. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la synthèse des signaux aléatoires : signaux non gaussiens, signaux à corrélation non exponentielle". Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0020.
Testo completoThe complex systems that bring a large number of interacting agents which play in a non commonplace way, can in some operating systems present non standard statistical properties, which are opposed to those of the traditional linear systems. In particular, the statistics of the first order are often characterized by a non gaussian probability density, this density in the majority of the cases with a heavy-tail. In the same way, for statistics of the second order, the correlations are often non exponential, freqquently with long statistical dependence. It is precisely with the modeling and the synthesis of random signals obeying these statistical properties, that this work is devoted. Initially, we approach the heavy-tail phenomenon of the probability density. In order to model it, we use the "generalized gaussian with an α exponent". Particulary, we succeed to reverse the distribution function of the generalized gaussian noise with an 1/2 exponent, which will be presented by means of special function called "Lambert function". For the first time, we propose a synthesis method of this noise with controlled accuracy starting from the numerical evaluation of this function. We study then the long statistical dependence phenomenon through the development of a new model, based on dynamic systems (max,+). For the synthesis of the e®ective achievements, the model proposed has the advantage of taking the form of a simple recurrence of one order, easily programmable, allowing an on-line synthesis on potentially unlimited temporal horizons. These models would find some applications in simulation of real physical systems for many areas such as computer network tra±c, telecommunications network tra±c, transport road tra±c and stock exchange. .
Doh, Yann. "Nouveaux modèles d'estimation monophone de distance et d'analyse parcimonieuse : Applications sur signaux transitoires et stationnaires bioacoustiques à l’échelle". Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0020/document.
Testo completoAcoustic waves show low dispersion due to the underwater propagation, compared to the propagation in the air. Some species of cetaceans communicate at long distance, others use their sound production for orientation. The goal of the scientic area called bioacoustics is to study animal species based on the analysis of their emitted sound. Their sounds can be used to detect, to classify and to locate the cetaceans. Recordings can be done with an passive acoustic array of multiple hydrophones, but this method is expensive and difficult to deploy. Thus, in order to scale this approach, we propose in this Phd thesis several original single hydrophone models to analyze these stationary or transient signals.Firstly, we provide a new theoretical model to estimate the distance between the impulsive source (ex. biosonar of the cetacean) and the hydrophone. Our model, the Intra Spectral ATtenuation (ISAT), is based on the spectral signal alteration due to the underwater acoustic propagation, especially the differences in different frequency bands. We also approximated ISAT by an artificial neural network. Both models are validated on clicks emitted by sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) recorded by our sonobuoy BOMBYX and our data-acquisition system DECAV developed incollaboration with the National Park of Port-Cros (France) and the Pelagos sanctuary for the protection of marine mammals in the Mediterranean sea (France). The error (RMSE) measures on the recordings of the NATO test center in the Bahamas are about500 meters, promising further real applications. Secondly, we worked on the variations of the cetacean vocalizations using the sparse coding method. The encoding of thecepstrums by unsupervised learning of a dictionary shows bigrammic time changes of the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). We validate this model on signals recorded in the Ste Marie Channel (Madagascar) between 2008 and 2014, through our network of hydrophones BAOBAB which is the first passive acoustic array deployed in the Indian Ocean.Our models are part of the Saled Bioacoustics project (SABIOD, MI CNRS) and open perspectives for temporal and spatial scaling of bioacoustics
Paragot, Paul. "Analyse numérique du système d'équations Poisson-Nernst Planck pour étudier la propagation d'un signal transitoire dans les neurones". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5020.
Testo completoNeuroscientific questions about dendrites include understanding their structural plasticityin response to learning and how they integrate signals. Researchers aim to unravel these aspects to enhance our understanding of neural function and its complexities. This thesis aims at offering numerical insights concerning voltage and ionic dynamics in dendrites. Our primary focus is on modeling neuronal excitation, particularly in dendritic small compartments. We address ionic dynamics following the influx of nerve signals from synapses, including dendritic spines. To accurately represent their small scale, we solve the well-known Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) system of equations, within this real application. The PNP system is widely recognized as the standard model for characterizing the electrodiffusion phenomenon of ions in electrolytes, including dendritic structures. This non-linear system presents challenges in both modeling and computation due to the presence of stiff boundary layers (BL). We begin by proposing numerical schemes based on the Discrete Duality Finite Volumes method (DDFV) to solve the PNP system. This method enables local mesh refinement at the BL, using general meshes. This approach facilitates solving the system on a 2D domain that represents the geometry of dendritic arborization. Additionally, we employ numerical schemes that preserve the positivity of ionic concentrations. Chapters 1 and 2 present the PNP system and the DDFV method along with its discrete operators. Chapter 2 presents a "linear" coupling of equations and investigate its associated numerical scheme. This coupling poses convergence challenges, where we demonstrate its limitations through numerical results. Chapter 3 introduces a "nonlinear" coupling, which enables accurate numerical resolution of the PNP system. Both of couplings are performed using DDFV method. However, in Chapter 3, we demonstrate the accuracy of the DDFV scheme, achieving second-order accuracy in space. Furthermore, we simulate a test case involving the BL. Finally, we apply the DDFV scheme to the geometry of dendritic spines and discuss our numerical simulations by comparing them with 1D existing simulations in the literature. Our approach considers the complexities of 2D dendritic structures. We also introduce two original configurations of dendrites, providing insights into how dendritic spines influence each other, revealing the extent of their mutual influence. Our simulations show the propagation distance of ionic influx during synaptic connections. In Chapter 4, we solve the PNP system over a 2D multi-domain consisting of a membrane, an internal and external medium. This approach allows the modeling of voltage dynamics in a more realistic way, and further helps checking consistency of the results in Chapter 3. To achieve this, we employ the FreeFem++ software to solve the PNP system within this 2D context. We present simulations that correspond to the results obtained in Chapter 3, demonstrating linear summation in a dendrite bifurcation. Furthermore, we investigate signal summation by adding inputs to the membrane of a dendritic branch. We identify an excitability threshold where the voltage dynamics are significantly influenced by the number of inputs. Finally, we also offer numerical illustrations of the BL within the intracellular medium, observing small fluctuations. These results are preliminary, aiming to provide insights into understanding dendritic dynamics. Chapter 5 presents collaborative work conducted during the Cemracs 2022. We focus on a composite finite volume scheme where we aim to derive the Euler equations with source terms on unstructured meshes
Le, Bot Olivier. "Détection, localisation, caractérisation de transitoires acoustiques sous-marins". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU028/document.
Testo completoThe underwater environment is insonified by a wide variety of acoustic sourcesthat can be monitored by autonomous passive acoustic recorders. A large number of the recordedsounds are transient signals (short-finite duration signals), among which the pulse signals that westudy in this thesis. Pulse signals have specific properties, such as a very short duration (<1ms), fewoscillations, a high directivity, which make them difficult to study by classical signal processing tools(Fourier transform, autocorrelation).In the first part of this study, we develop a method to detect sound sources emitting rhythmic pulsetrains (dolphins, sperm whales, beluga whales). This detector uses only the time of arrival of pulses atthe hydrophone to perform a rhythm analysis based on a complex autocorrelation and a time-rhythmrepresentation. This allows : i) to detect rhythmic pulse trains, ii) to know the beginning and endingtimes of pulse trains, iii) to know the value of the rhythm.In the second part of this thesis, we study the potential of a method called Recurrence Plot Analysis tocharacterize waveforms of pulse signals. After a general presentation of this method we develop threesignal processing architectures based on it, to perform the following tasks : i) transient detection, ii)transient characterization and pattern recognition, iii) estimation of time difference of arrival of thetransient on two hydrophones.All the methods developped in this thesis are validated on simulated and real data recorded at sea
Frey, Valentin. "Recherche de signaux d'ondes gravitationnelles transitoires de longue durée avec les données des détecteurs advanced Virgo et advanced LIGO". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS247/document.
Testo completoThis thesis shows the results of the search of long duration transient gravitational waves using the data from the first two observation runs of advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo detectors. These long duration gravitational waves are mainly emitted by neutrons stars or black hole involved in extreme phenomena. For some sources, a modeling involving a complex dynamics and hydrodynamic instabilities can predict roughly the waveform. Nevertheless, for the general case, only a partial informations on the duration and frequency band are used to limits the parameters space. A time-frequency analysis, sturdy enough to modeling incertitude, has been developed and applied to the data. Combining data from two detectors in a coherent way, the analysis can distinguish between signal and detector's non gaussian background noise. In the absence of detection, we have placed upper limits on the energy emitted and the expected rate for these sources. A search for the expected signal emitted by the object created after the neutron stars coalescence and merger observed in August 2017 (GW170817) was also made assuming a supra-massive neutron star was created and survived hundred of seconds after the merger. No signal has been found and we have shown that detectors of an order of magnitude more sensible would have been required to detect a signal from this source
Aassif, El Houcein. "Analyse de signaux physiologiques. Evaluation et implementation de methodes de traitement automatique de signaux de manometrie digestive". Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10142.
Testo completoKorifi, Rabia. "Développement de nouvelles méthodologies de traitement des signaux analytiques : application aux signaux chromatographiques. Analyse de mélanges complexes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4323.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the creation of an expert system for automatic alignment of chromatographic signals in response to a problem of drifts and shifts of signals encountered in the inter-comparison of data in evolving environment. After a state of the art of the different alignment methods that exist in the literature, the performances of freely available methods were tested on sets of simulated and real chromatographic data. At the end of this methodical work, it turned out that none of the methods did not provide fully satisfactory in terms of performance defined in the specification. Thus, an optimization of the best alignment method has been developed so that it can be attached to a software acquisition and processing of chromatographic data. The last part of this thesis deals with a complementary problem, the conformity of the samples in terms of quality control. The similarity of the peaks is evaluated according to criteria developed and validated by manual operation data