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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 29 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

1

Oren, Aharon. "Bioenergetic Aspects of Halophilism". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 63, n. 2 (1 giugno 1999): 334–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.63.2.334-348.1999.

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Abstract (sommario):
SUMMARY Examinination of microbial diversity in environments of increasing salt concentrations indicates that certain types of dissimilatory metabolism do not occur at the highest salinities. Examples are methanogenesis for H2 + CO2 or from acetate, dissimilatory sulfate reduction with oxidation of acetate, and autotrophic nitrification. Occurrence of the different metabolic types is correlated with the free-energy change associated with the dissimilatory reactions. Life at high salt concentrations is energetically expensive. Most bacteria and also the methanogenic archaea produce high intracellular concentrations of organic osmotic solutes at a high energetic cost. All halophilic microorganisms expend large amounts of energy to maintain steep gradients of NA+ and K+ concentrations across their cytoplasmic membrane. The energetic cost of salt adaptation probably dictates what types of metabolism can support life at the highest salt concentrations. Use of KCl as an intracellular solute, while requiring far-reaching adaptations of the intracellular machinery, is energetically more favorable than production of organic-compatible solutes. This may explain why the anaerobic halophilic fermentative bacteria (order Haloanaerobiales) use this strategy and also why halophilic homoacetogenic bacteria that produce acetate from H2 + CO2 exist whereas methanogens that use the same substrates in a reaction with a similar free-energy yield do not.
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2

Loo, C. Y., D. A. Corliss e N. Ganeshkumar. "Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm Formation: Identification of Genes that Code for Biofilm Phenotypes". Journal of Bacteriology 182, n. 5 (1 marzo 2000): 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.5.1374-1382.2000.

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ABSTRACT Viridans streptococci, which include Streptococcus gordonii, are pioneer oral bacteria that initiate dental plaque formation. Sessile bacteria in a biofilm exhibit a mode of growth that is distinct from that of planktonic bacteria. Biofilm formation ofS. gordonii Challis was characterized using an in vitro biofilm formation assay on polystyrene surfaces. The same assay was used as a nonbiased method to screen isogenic mutants generated by Tn916 transposon mutagenesis for defective biofilm formation. Biofilms formed optimally when bacteria were grown in a minimal medium under anaerobic conditions. Biofilm formation was affected by changes in pH, osmolarity, and carbohydrate content of the growth media. Eighteen biofilm-defective mutants ofS. gordonii Challis were identified based on Southern hybridization with a Tn916-based probe and DNA sequences of the Tn916-flanking regions. Molecular analyses of these mutants showed that some of the genes required for biofilm formation are involved in signal transduction, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and adhesion. These characteristics are associated with quorum sensing, osmoadaptation, and adhesion functions in oral streptococci. Only nine of the biofilm-defective mutants had defects in genes of known function, suggesting that novel aspects of bacterial physiology may play a part in biofilm formation. Further identification and characterization of biofilm-associated genes will provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of biofilm formation of oral streptococci.
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St-Arnaud, S., J. G. Bisaillon e R. Beaudet. "Microbiological aspects of ammonia oxidation of swine waste". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1991): 918–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-159.

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Abstract (sommario):
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were present at 102 MPN/mL (most probable number per millilitre) in swine waste, and they were outnumbered by a factor of 105 by the heterotrophs of the indigenous flora. To study these ammonia-oxidizing bacteria we attempted to isolate them in pure culture. We succeeded in increasing the concentration of these bacteria by successive transfers to an inorganic medium, but the heterotrophs were always dominant. To overcome this problem Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 was adapted to grow in stabilized swine waste. With this adapted strain it was shown that the number of cells inoculated into swine waste rapidly decreased both under the aerobic conditions used to oxidize the organic matter of swine waste and under the anaerobic conditions found in stored swine waste. Ammonia oxidation was delayed when adapted N. europaea was inoculated into a partially stabilized swine waste as compared with results in a completely stabilized waste. A biofilm of 107 MPN/cm2 of N. europaea was developed after 114 days of incubation at 29 °C on polyvinyl chloride discs covered with geotextile in a rotating biological contactor using an inorganic medium. This biofilm was gradually adapted to stabilized swine waste and the rate of disappearance of ammonia reached 270 mg∙L−1∙day−1 in the compartment of the reactor containing 2.5 L of waste. Key words: amonia-oxidizing bacteria, swine waste, ammonia oxidation, biofilm, most probable number.
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Anandkumar, Balakrishnan, Rani P. George, Sundaram Maruthamuthu, Natarajan Parvathavarthini e Uthandi Kamachi Mudali. "Corrosion characteristics of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and the role of molecular biology in SRB studies: an overview". Corrosion Reviews 34, n. 1-2 (1 marzo 2016): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2015-0055.

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Abstract (sommario):
AbstractSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), an anaerobic bacterial group, are found in many environments like freshwater, marine sediments, agricultural soil, and oil wells where sulfate is present. SRB derives energy from electron donors such as sulfate, elemental sulfur or metals, and fermenting nitrate. It is the major bacterial group involved in the microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), souring, and biofouling problems in oil-gas-producing facilities as well as transporting and storage facilities. SRB utilizes sulfate ions as an electron acceptor and produce H2S, which is an agent of corrosion, causing severe economic damages. Various theories have been proposed on the direct involvement of H2S and iron sulfides in corrosion; H2S directly attacks and causes corrosion of metals and alloys. Many reviews have been presented on the aforementioned aspects. This review specifically focused on SRB corrosion and the role of molecular biology tools in SRB corrosion studies viz. cathodic and anodic depolarization theories, corrosion characteristics of thermophilic SRB and influence of hydrogenase, temperature, and pressure in thermophilic SRB corrosion, SRB taxonomy, molecular approaches adopted in SRB taxonomical studies, sulfate and citrate metabolism analyses in completed SRB genomes, and comparative studies on SRB’s dissimilatory sulfite reductase structures.
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Damianovic, M. H. R. Z., I. K. Sakamoto e E. Foresti. "Biofilm adaptation to sulfate reduction in anaerobic immobilized biomass reactors sujected to different COD/sulfate ratios". Water Science and Technology 54, n. 2 (1 luglio 2006): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.494.

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Various aspects of biofilm adaptation to sulfate reduction in horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactors subjected to increasing sulfate concentrations and different COD/sulfate ratios are presented and discussed. Four bench-scale HAIB reactors filled with vegetal carbon (R1 and R2) and polyurethane foam matrices (R3 and R4) were utilized. Influent sulfate concentrations ranging from 500 to 3000 mg/L were applied at COD/sulfate ratios ranging from 5.0 to 1.7. Reactors R1 and R4 were operated with higher sulfate loads than those applied to R2 and R3. For the same COD/sulfate ratio, the highest sulfate reduction efficiency (∼80%) was displayed by the vegetal carbon reactor (R2) subjected to low sulfate loads. According to the results of our molecular biology analyses, the different support materials provided different biomass colonization conditions. The lowest diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria was found in the HAIB filled with polyurethane foam matrices operating with high sulfate loads.
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Katsenos, Stamatis, Iosif Galinos, Panagiota Styliara, Nikoletta Galanopoulou e Konstantinos Psathakis. "Primary Bronchopulmonary Actinomycosis Masquerading as Lung Cancer: Apropos of Two Cases and Literature Review". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/609637.

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Actinomycosis is a rare and slowly progressive infectious disease that can affect a variety of organ systems including the lung. It is caused by filamentous Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria of the genusActinomyces. Despite its rarity, pulmonary actinomycosis can involve lung parenchyma, bronchial structures, and chest wall. The disease can mimic lung malignancy given its nonspecific clinical and radiological presentation, thus posing a diagnostic dilemma to the attending physician. In this paper, we describe two patients with pulmonary actinomycosis mimicking bronchogenic carcinoma; the former presented with peripheral infiltrate and associated hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the latter presented with a foreign body-induced endobronchial mass. Clinical, imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutical aspects of the disease are discussed, demonstrating the paramount importance of the histological examination of lung tissue specimens in the confirmation of the infection given either its low culture yield or the limited use of new molecular diagnostic tools in routine clinical practice.
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Kelm, Matthias, Simon Kusan, Güzin Surat, Friedrich Anger, Joachim Reibetanz, Christoph-Thomas Germer, Nicolas Schlegel e Sven Flemming. "Disease- and Medication-Specific Differences of the Microbial Spectrum in Perianal Fistulizing Crohn’s Disease—Relevant Aspects for Antibiotic Therapy". Biomedicines 10, n. 11 (23 ottobre 2022): 2682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112682.

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Perianal fistulizing Crohn’s Disease (CD) with abscess formation represents an aggressive phenotype in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with increased morbidity. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes antibiotics, but knowledge about the microbial spectrum is rare often resulting in inadequate antimicrobial therapy. In this single center retrospective study, all patients who were operated due to perianal abscess formation were retrospectively analyzed and the microbial spectrum evaluated. Patients were divided into a CD and non-CD group with further subgroup analysis. 138 patients were finally included in the analysis with 62 patients suffering from CD. Relevant differences were detected for the microbial spectrum with anaerobic bacteria being significantly more often isolated from non-CD patients. In a subgroup-analysis of CD patients only, medical therapy had a relevant effect on the microbial spectrum since Streptococcus groups and Enterobacterales were significantly more often isolated in patients treated with steroids compared to those being treated by antibodies. In conclusion, the microbial spectrum of patients suffering from CD varies significantly from non-CD patients and immunosuppressive medication has a relevant effect on isolated pathogens. Based on that, adaption of antibiotic treatment might be discussed in the future.
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Ksembaev, Said, Elena Nesterova, Ol'ga Torgashova, Elima Agatieva e Dinar Busheev. "ETHIOPATHOGENETIC ASPECTS ACUTE ODONTOGENIC INFECTION". Actual problems in dentistry 17, n. 2 (12 agosto 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18481/2077-7566-20-17-2-19-26.

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Subject. A review of the literature on the topical problem of dentistry — the etiology and pathogenesis of acute odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases is presented. The purpose of the research is to study the materials of publications. dedicated to the etiopathogenetic aspects of acute odontogenic infection. Methodology. The etiology and pathogenesis of acute odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases are described in detail, in the light of modern concepts. Results. The unfavorable factors influencing the increase in the frequency of acute odontogenic purulent-inflammatory diseases and the worsening of the clinical course are presented. It is noted that these diseases are explained by the effect of microbial associations, one of the frequent representatives of which are anaerobic bacteria, which significantly worsen the clinical picture of the disease. All theories of the pathogenesis of jaw osteomyelitis (vascular, allergic and neuro-trophic) are considered. At the same time, it was noted that the vascular, allergic and neuro-reflex components in the emergence and development of osteomyelitis of the jaws are realized against the background of a decrease in the level of general immunological and specific reactivity of the whole organism, as well as the failure of local immunity. Particular importance is attached to disorders of the systems of neuroregulation and microcirculation. It is noted that sensitization and neuroreflex effects on the inflammation focus are factors contributing to the transition of the reversible phase of inflammation (osteitis) to the irreversible one (osteomyelitis), and microcirculation disorders in the inflammation focus are characterized as the main stage in the chain of pathophysiological processes leading to irreversible changes. Attention is drawn to the fact that in recent years, great importance in maintaining homeostasis in acute odontogenic pyoinflammatory diseases has been given to the antioxidant system, which is directly involved in the regulation of the molecular mechanisms of nonspecific resistance of the organism to the damaging action of various pathogenic factors. Findings. The results of the review indicate that knowledge of the peculiarities of the etiology and pathogenesis of acute odontogenic pyoinflammatory diseases is necessary for correct diagnosis, timely and adequate treatment, prognosis and prevention of complications. However, it should be recognized that this problem continues to remain relevant to this day due to the complexity of its study.
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Bauer, Carl, Sylvie Elsen, Lee R. Swem, Danielle L. Swem e Shinji Masuda. "Redox and light regulation of gene expression in photosynthetic prokaryotes". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, n. 1429 (29 gennaio 2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1189.

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All photosynthetic organisms control expression of photosynthesis genes in response to alterations in light intensity as well as to changes in cellular redox potential. Light regulation in plants involves a well–defined set of red– and blue–light absorbing photoreceptors called phytochrome and cryptochrome. Less understood are the factors that control synthesis of the plant photosystem in response to changes in cellular redox. Among a diverse set of photosynthetic bacteria the best understood regulatory systems are those synthesized by the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus . This species uses the global two–component signal transduction cascade, RegB and RegA, to anaerobically de–repress anaerobic gene expression. Under reducing conditions, the phosphate on RegB is transferred to RegA, which then activates genes involved in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, carbon fixation, respiration and electron transport. In the presence of oxygen, there is a second regulator known as CrtJ, which is responsible for repressing photosynthesis gene expression. CrtJ responds to redox by forming an intramolecular disulphide bond under oxidizing, but not reducing, growth conditions. The presence of the disulphide bond stimulates DNA binding activity of the repressor. There is also a flavoprotein that functions as a blue–light absorbing anti–repressor of CrtJ in the related bacterial species Rhodobacter sphaeroides called AppA. AppA exhibits a novel long–lived photocycle that is initiated by blue–light absorption by the flavin. Once excited, AppA binds to CrtJ thereby inhibiting the repressor activity of CrtJ. Various mechanistic aspects of this photocycle will be discussed.
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Vinga, S., A. R. Neves, H. Santos, B. W. Brandt e S. A. L. M. Kooijman. "Subcellular metabolic organization in the context of dynamic energy budget and biochemical systems theories". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, n. 1557 (12 novembre 2010): 3429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0156.

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The dynamic modelling of metabolic networks aims to describe the temporal evolution of metabolite concentrations in cells. This area has attracted increasing attention in recent years owing to the availability of high-throughput data and the general development of systems biology as a promising approach to study living organisms. Biochemical Systems Theory (BST) provides an accurate formalism to describe biological dynamic phenomena. However, knowledge about the molecular organization level, used in these models, is not enough to explain phenomena such as the driving forces of these metabolic networks. Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory captures the quantitative aspects of the organization of metabolism at the organism level in a way that is non-species-specific. This imposes constraints on the sub-organismal organization that are not present in the bottom-up approach of systems biology. We use in vivo data of lactic acid bacteria under various conditions to compare some aspects of BST and DEB approaches. Due to the large number of parameters to be estimated in the BST model, we applied powerful parameter identification techniques. Both models fitted equally well, but the BST model employs more parameters. The DEB model uses similarities of processes under growth and no-growth conditions and under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, which reduce the number of parameters. This paper discusses some future directions for the integration of knowledge from these two rich and promising areas, working top-down and bottom-up simultaneously. This middle-out approach is expected to bring new ideas and insights to both areas in terms of describing how living organisms operate.
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Tesi sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

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Woo, Kei-sheng Gibson, e 吳基昇. "Molecular epidemiology of anaerobic gram-positive bacilli bacteremia and discovery of six novel anaerobic gram-positive bacilli". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29762984.

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Zhao, Dongqing, e 趙冬卿. "Molecular characterization of a leptotrichia species". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42925253.

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Chan, On-chim, e 陳安潛. "Characterization of microbial consortia in anaerobic granular sludge: a ribosomal RNA-based molecular approach". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239924.

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Srimanote, Potjanee. "Analysis of putative virulence factors of a locus of enterocyte effacement-negative shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php863.pdf.

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"February 2003." Addendum and corrigenda inserted at back Includes bibliographical references (leaves 249-272) Aims to identify and characterise potential virulence-associated factors from the locus of enterocyte effacement-negative shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain 98NK2 which was responsible for an outbreak of haemolytic uremic syndrome. Particular attention was focused on putative virulence genes encoded on the megaplasmid of this strain.
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Hamdi, Olfa. "Digestion anaérobie d'effluents d'une conserverie de thon tunisienne : aspects biotechnologiques et microbiologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4711.

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Deux réacteurs, R1 et R2, ont été alimentés quotidiennement avec les effluents à traiter à des TRH de 13 jours et de 20 jours, respectivement. Les résultats obtenus ont montré un taux d'abattement de la dégradation de la matière organique de 53% pour R2, contre 35% pour R1. Afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement biologique de ces réacteurs, nous avons exploré les communautés microbiennes d'importance écologique impliquées dans la dégradation de la matière organique contenue dans ces effluents. Cela a été réalisé dans un premier temps par des approches moléculaires en utilisant la technique de DGGE et le pyroséquençage 454. Nous avons alors montré que les représentants du domaine des Bacteria étaient les plus représentés dans les deux réacteurs par rapport aux Archaea avec une plus grande diversité au niveau du réacteur R2. Les séquences de Bacteria obtenues sont affiliées principalement aux phylums des Firmicutes, des Bacteroïdetes, et des Synergistetes, impliquées dans l'hydrolyse et la fermentation de la matière organique des effluents. Une mention particulière est à accorder aux membres du phylum des Synergistetes qui ont été également détectés par pyroséquençage 454. Dans les deux réacteurs, ce phylum majoritaire était représenté par deux familles, celle des "Dethiosulfovibrionaceae" et celle des "Aminiphilaceae" dont on sait qu'elles interviennant dans la dégradation des acides aminés. Enfin, l'approche culturale nous a permis d'isoler dans nos réacteurs plusieurs souches bactériennes anaérobies mésophiles hétérotrophes. Parmi celles-ci, nous avons pu décrire deux nouvelles espèces Desulfocurvus thunnarius et A thunnarium
For this purpose, two ASBR reactors R1 and R2 were tested. They were fed daily with the industrial effluents at HRT of 13 days and 20 days, respectively. The results obtained during the anaerobic treatment showed a degradation rate of the organic matter of 53% for R2 against 35% for R1. In order to better understand this process, we explored the microbial communities of ecological importance involved in the degradation of organic matter in the effluent to be treated. This was accomplished by initiating molecular approaches. Using the DGGE technique and 454 pyrosequencing, we showed that representatives of the domain Bacteria were the most dominant in both reactors as compared to Archaea with a greater diversity observed in R2 reactor. Bacteria sequences were affiliated to the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes, known to be involved in the hydrolysis and fermentation of organic matter. A particular mention is given to members of the phylum Synergistetes which were also detected by pyrosequencing 454. In both reactors, this phylum was represented by two families, the "Dethiosulfovibrionaceae" and that of "Aminiphilaceae" which are recognized as significant amino acids degraders. Finally, the cultivation approach allowed us to isolate several mesophilic heterotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Among them, a new sulfate-reducing species belonging to the family Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfocurvus thunnarius, and A thunnarium
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Zhao, Dongqing. "Molecular characterization of a leptotrichia species". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42925253.

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Han, Ping, e 韓平. "Molecular detection methods and characterization of anammox bacteria from different ecological niches". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197075.

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Cáceres, Mercedes. "Ecological aspects of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in Nicaragua /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3801-6/.

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Amano, Teruki. "A molecular ecological study on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in coastal sediment". Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142330.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第16132号
農博第1868号
新制||農||990(附属図書館)
学位論文||H23||N4602(農学部図書室)
28711
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 左子 芳彦, 教授 藤原 建紀, 教授 澤山 茂樹
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Lowe, Kristine L. "Biogeochemical cycling of metals in redox-stratified marine environments : role of anaerobic microorganisms". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25187.

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Libri sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

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Symposium, Anaerobe Discussion Group. Clinical and molecular aspects of anaerobes. Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical, 1990.

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Symposium, Anaerobe Discussion Group. Clinical and molecular aspects of anaerobes: Poceedings [i.e. proceedings] of the Sixth Biennial Anaerobe Discussion Group International Symposium, held at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, 20-22 July 1989. Petersfield: Wrightson Biomedical Pub., 1990.

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Sebald, Madaleine, a cura di. Genetics and Molecular Biology of Anaerobic Bacteria. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7087-5.

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1940-, Lloyd David, Coombs Graham H. 1947-, Paget, Timothy A. P., 1962-, Society of Protozoologists Meeting e Symposium on "Anaerobic Protozoa" (1988 : Cardiff, Wales), a cura di. Biochemistry and molecular biology of "anaerobic" protozoa. Chur: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1989.

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V, Tetz V., e Totolian A. A, a cura di. Molecular biology of bacteria. Commack, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 1997.

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I, Duerden B., a cura di. Medical and environmental aspects of anaerobes: Proceedings of the Seventh Biennial International Symposium of the Society for Anaerobic Microbiology, held at Churchill College, University of Cambridge, 18-20 July 1991. Petersfield, Hampshire, UK: Wrightson Biomedical Pub., 1992.

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W, Jackson Robert, a cura di. Plant pathogenic bacteria: Genomics and molecular biology. Norfolk: Caister Academic, 2009.

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Stephen, Spiro, e Dixon Ray. Sensory mechanisms in bacteria: Molecular aspects of signal recognition. Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2010.

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1978-, Wei Li, a cura di. You tian liu suan yan huan yuan jun fen zi sheng tai xue ji qi huo xing sheng tai tiao kong yan jiu: Research on molecular ecology and activities regulation of oilfield sulfate reducing bacteria. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2009.

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Lactic acid bacteria: Microbiological and functional aspects. 4a ed. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

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Strobel, Herbert J. "Basic Laboratory Culture Methods for Anaerobic Bacteria". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 247–61. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_16.

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Sujith, P. P., e P. A. Loka Bharathi. "Manganese Oxidation by Bacteria: Biogeochemical Aspects". In Molecular Biomineralization, 49–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_3.

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García-Aljaro, Cristina, Maite Muniesa e Juan Jofre. "Isolation of Bacteriophages of the Anaerobic Bacteria Bacteroides". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 11–22. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7395-8_2.

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Kuboniwa, Masae, e Atsuo Amano. "Genotyping of Periodontal Anaerobic Bacteria in Relationship to Pathogenesis". In Molecular Typing in Bacterial Infections, 149–65. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-185-1_10.

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Clegg, James S., e Susan A. Jackson. "Aspects of the Anaerobic Metabolism of Artemia Cysts". In Cell and Molecular Biology of Artemia Development, 1–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0004-6_1.

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McEwan, A. G., D. J. Richardson, M. R. Jones, J. B. Jackson e S. J. Ferguson. "The Functions and Components of the Anaerobic Respiratory Electron Transport Systems in Rhodobacter Capsulatus". In Molecular Biology of Membrane-Bound Complexes in Phototrophic Bacteria, 433–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0893-6_51.

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Fuchs, G. "Alternatives to the Calvin Cycle and the Krebs Cycle in Anaerobic Bacteria: Pathways with Carbonylation Chemistry". In The Molecular Basis of Bacterial Metabolism, 13–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75969-7_2.

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Bock, Klaus, Karl-Anders Karlsson, Nicklas Strömberg e Susann Teneberg. "Interaction of Viruses, Bacteria and Bacterial Toxins with Host Cell Surface Glycolipids. Aspects on Receptor Identification and Dissection of Binding Epitopes". In The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates, 153–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1663-3_7.

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Pal, Arijit, e Sekhar Pal. "Anaerobes". In Extremophiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications, 275–332. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815080353122010015.

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Extremophilicity, or the capability to thrive in environmental conditions considered extreme is generally determined from the human perspective. From that point of view, organisms adapted to scarce, or even the absence of molecular oxygen, can be considered as one of the extremophiles, i.e., anaerobes. In this chapter, various aspects of anaerobic microorganisms are addressed, including their different taxa, their phylogenetic distribution, and the environments from where they have been isolated. Since prokaryotic taxonomy is a dynamic process, here we have emphasized the organisms that are validly placed in taxa and have cultured representatives. In this section, Archaea and Bacteria - the two domains are separately discussed. Similar separation is also maintained while discussing mechanisms of adaptation, as far as possible. Since these two domains share certain properties, the subsequent sections are not separated between these two domains.
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Daly, Blánaid, Paul Batchelor, Elizabeth Treasure e Richard Watt. "Sugars and caries prevention". In Essential Dental Public Health. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679379.003.0017.

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Dental caries remains the single most important oral condition treated by the dental profession on a daily basis. From a public health perspective, the prevention of caries is still therefore a major challenge. As outlined in Chapter 4 , before effective prevention can be delivered the cause of the condition needs to be fully understood. In addition, the disease process should be clear. This chapter will review the evidence on the aetiology of dental caries and present an overview of preventive measures that can be adopted at an individual clinical level, as well as community wide. Dental caries occurs because of demineralization of enamel and dentine structure by organic acids formed by oral bacteria present in dental plaque through the anaerobic metabolism of dietary sugars. The caries process is influenced by the susceptibility of the tooth surface, the bacterial profile, the quantity and quality of saliva, and the presence of fluoride which promotes remineralization and inhibits the demineralization of the tooth structure. Caries is a dynamic process involving alternating periods of demineralization and remineralization. However, the majority of lesions in permanent teeth advance relatively slowly, with an average lesion taking at least 3 years to progress through enamel to dentine (Mejare et al. 1998). In populations with low DMF/dmf levels, the majority of carious lesions are confined to the occlusal surfaces of the molar teeth. At higher DMF/dmf levels, smooth surfaces may also be affected by caries (Sheiham and Sabbah 2010). Many different terms have been used to name and classify sugars. This has caused a degree of confusion amongst both the general public and health professionals. In recognition of this, an expert UK government committee—Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy (COMA)—has recommended a revised naming system, which has now become the standard classification of sugars in the UK (Department of Health 1989). The COMA classification is based upon where the sugar molecules are located within the food or drink structure. Intrinsic sugars are found inside the cell structure of certain unprocessed foodstuffs, the most important being whole fruits and vegetables (containing mainly fructose, glucose, and sucrose).
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Atti di convegni sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

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Breica Borozan, Aurica, Despina-Maria Bordean, Gabriel Bujanca, Delia Dumbrava e Sorina Popescu. "CONTROL OF PLANTS OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS L. ON AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FREE NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA". In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/07.

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The free nitrogen fixing bacteria are able to mobilize important soil nutrients, transforming through biological processes the unusable molecular nitrogen into an active form and to improve soil fertility, influence many aspects of plant health and ensure their growth, showing interest for the scientific world and farmers. But, on the other hand, this bacterial segment may be influenced by the edaphic factors and the interconnection with the plants, the growth phase, the physiological state and the root system of the plant, by the root exudates, which demonstrates the importance of the bacterial community monitoring from the area of plants influence throughout the growing periods The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the age of the plants used as biofertilizer and soil moisture on the free nitrogen fixing bacterial communities (the genera Azotobacter and Clostridium) associated with the roots of the perennial plants of Lotus corniculatus L. There were two zones of interest, namely the area of influence of the roots of the plants (rhizosphere) but also the more distant area (edaphosphere). For the study of aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria soil samples were taken together with adjacent plants of Lotus corniculatus L. The experimental variants were located in the western part of Romania, the plants being cultivated on the same soil type, but on different plots, that were in the I-IV years of culture. The influence of Lotus corniculatus L. plants on the free nitrogen fixing bacteria has been reported in control experimental variants. Isolation and study of this bacterial group from the 8 experimental variants was performed on a specific mineral medium, favorable for the growth of the two bacterial genera. The results were evaluated after 5 and 10 days of incubation. Between the two assesments there were no noticeable differences in the nitrogen fixing bacterial community, except for the stimulatory effect observed in the control vatiant and rhizosphere of the first year culture. The plants influence on aerobic and anaerobic free nitrogen fixing bacteria was obvious in the II and IV years of the Lotus corniculatus L. culture, compared to the 76 control variants and varies substantially depending on the age of the plant. In most analyzed soil samples, both bacterial genera, Azotobacter and Clostridium were present, confirming the known ecological relation of unilateral advantage or passive stimulation of the aerobic bacteria compared to the anaerobic clostridia. Exceptions were the samples from the cultures of the first year (rhizosphere and control), but also the rhizosphere from the culture of the year II, where only anaerobic nitrogen fixing bacteria were detected. Our results suggested that plant-soil interactions exert control over the bacteria being studied.
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Al-Asmar, Jawaher, Sara Rashwan e Layla Kamareddine. "The use of Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model Organism to study the effect of Bacterial Infection on Host Survival and Metabolism". In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0186.

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Enterobacteriaceae, a large family of facultative anaerobic bacteria, encloses a broad spectrum of bacterial species including Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei, that produce enterotoxins and cause gastrointestinal tract diseases. While much is known about the regulation and function of enterotoxins within the intestine of the host; the lack of cheap, practical, and genetically tractable model organisms has restricted the investigation of others facets of this host-pathogen interaction. Our group, among others, has employed Drosophila melanogaster, as a model organism to shed more light on some aspects of host-pathogen interplays. In this project, we addressed the effect of Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella sonnei infection on altering the metabolic homeostasis of the host. Drosophila melanogaster flies were orally infected with Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, or Shigella sonnei, a method that mimics the natural route used by enteric pathogens to gain access to the gastrointestinal tract in humans. The results of our study revealed that both Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei pathogens were capable of colonizing the host gut, resulting in a reduction in the life span of the infected host. Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei infected flies also exhibited altered metabolic profiles including lipid droplets deprivation from their fat body (normal lipid storage organ in flies), irregular accumulation of lipid droplets in their gut, and significant elevation of systemic glucose and triglyceride levels. These metabolic alterations could be mechanistically attributed to the differential down-regulation in the expression of metabolic peptide hormones (Allatostatin A, Diuretic hormone 31, and Tachykinin) detected in the gut of Escherichia coli and Shigella sonnei infected flies. Salmonella enterica; however, was unable to colonize the gut of the host; and therefore, Salmonella enterica infected flies exhibited a relatively normal metabolic status as that of non infected flies. Gaining a proper mechanistic understanding of infection-induced metabolic alterations helps in modulating the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract diseases in a host and opens up for promising therapeutic approaches for infection induced metabolic disorders
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Anaerobic bacteria Molecular aspects"

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Gibson, J. (Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: Biochemical aspects). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7066950.

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Harwood, C. S., e J. Gibson. (Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: biochemical aspects): Annual progress report, April 1988--March 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6279514.

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Gibson, J. Anaerobic metabolism of aromatic compounds by phototrophic bacteria: Biochemical aspects. Final report, April 1, 1986--December 31, 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/582183.

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Wackett, Lawrence, Raphi Mandelbaum e Michael Sadowsky. Bacterial Mineralization of Atrazine as a Model for Herbicide Biodegradation: Molecular and Applied Aspects. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695835.bard.

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Atrazine is a broadly used herbicide in agriculture and it was used here as a model to study the biodegradation of herbicides. The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADP metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia and chloride. The genes encoding atrazine catabolism to cyanuric acid were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The genes were designated atzA, atzB and atzC. Each gene was sequenced. The enzyme activities were characterized. AtzA is atrazine chlorohydrolase which takes atrazine to hydroxyatrizine. AtzB is hydroxyatrazine N-ethylaminohydrolase which produces N-isopropylammelide and N-ethylamine. AtzC is N-isopropylammelide N-isopropylaminohydrolase which produces cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine. Each product was isolated and characterized to confirm their identity by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis indicated that each of the hydrolytic enzymes AtzA, AtzB and AtzC share identity which the aminohydrolase protein superfamily. Atrazine chlorohydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It was shown to have a kcat of 11 s-1 and a KM of 150 uM. It was shown to require a metal ion, either Fe(II), Mn(II) or Co(II), for activity. The atzA, atzB and atzC genes were shown to reside on a broad-host range plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Six other recently isolated atrazine-degrading bacteria obtained from Europe and the United States contained homologs to the atz genes identified in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The identity of the sequences were very high, being greater than 98% in all pairwise comparisons. This indicates that many atrazine-degrading bacteria worldwide metabolize atrazine via a pathway that proceeds through hydroxyatrazine, a metabolite which is non-phytotoxic and non-toxic to mammals. Enzymes were immobilized and used for degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases. The in-depth understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of the atrazine mineralization pathway enabled us to study factors affecting the prevalence of atrazine degradation in various agricultural soils under conservative and new agricultural practices. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. ADP and/or its enzymes were added to atrazine-contaminated soils, aquifers and industrial wastewater to increase the rate and extent of atrazine biodegradation above that of untreated environments. Our studies enhance the ability to control the fate of regularly introduced pesticides in agriculture, or to reduce the environmental impact of unintentional releases.
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Van Rijn, Jaap, Harold Schreier e Yossi Tal. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation as a novel approach for water treatment in marine and freshwater aquaculture recirculating systems. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696511.bard.

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Ammonia waste removal in recirculating aquaculture systems is typically accomplished via the action of nitrifying bacteria in specially designed biofilters that oxidize ammonia to produce nitrate. In the majority of these systems nitrate is discharged to the environment through frequent water exchanges. As environmental considerations have made it necessary to eliminate nitrate release, new strategies for nitrate consumption are being developed. In the funding period we showed that ammonia removal from wastewater could take place by an anaerobic ammonia oxidation process carried out by bacterial Planctomycetessp. Referred to as “anammox”, this process occurs in the absence of an organic source and in the presence of nitrite (or nitrate) as an electron acceptor as follows: NH₃ + HNO₂ -> N₂ + 2H₂O. Annamox has been estimated to result in savings of up to 90% of the costs associated with was wastewater treatment plants. Our objective was to study the applicability of the anammox process in a variety of recirculating aquaculture systems to determine optimal conditions necessary for efficient ammonia waste removal. Both seawater and freshwater systems operated with either conventional aerobic treatment of ammonia to nitrate (USA) or, in addition, denitrifying biofilters as well as anaerobic digestion of sludge (Israel) were tested. Molecular tools were used to screen and monitor different treatment compartments for the presence of Planctomycetes. Optimal conditions for the enrichment of the anammox bacteria were tested using laboratory scale biofilters as well as a semi-commercial system. Enrichment studies resulted in the isolation of some unique heterotrophic bacteria capable of plasmid-mediated autotrophic growth in the presence of ammonia and nitrite. Our studies have not only demonstrated the presence and viability of Planctomycetes spp. in recirculating marine and freshwater systems biofilter units but also demonstrated the applicability of the anammox process in these systems. Using our results we have developed treatment schemes that have allowed for optimizing the anammox process and applying it to recirculating systems.
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Morrison, Mark, e Joshuah Miron. Molecular-Based Analysis of Cellulose Binding Proteins Involved with Adherence to Cellulose by Ruminococcus albus. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695844.bard.

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At the beginning of this project, it was clear that R. albus adhered tightly to cellulose and its efficient degradation of this polysaccharide was dependent on micromolar concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA) and phenylpropionic acid (PPA). The objectives for our research were: i) to identify how many different kinds of cellulose binding proteins are produced by Ruminococcus albus; ii) to isolate and clone the genes encoding some of these proteins from the same bacterium; iii) to determine where these various proteins were located and; iv) quantify the relative importance of these proteins in affecting the rate and extent to which the bacterium becomes attached to cellulose. BARD support has facilitated a number of breakthroughs relevant to our fundamental understanding of the adhesion process. First, R. albus possesses multiple mechanisms for adhesion to cellulose. The P.I.'s laboratory has discovered a novel cellulose-binding protein (CbpC) that belongs to the Pil-protein family, and in particular, the type 4 fimbrial proteins. We have also obtained genetic and biochemical evidence demonstrating that, in addition to CbpC-mediated adhesion, R. albus also produces a cellulosome-like complex for adhesion. These breakthroughs resulted from the isolation (in Israel and the US) of spontaneously arising mutants of R. albus strains SY3 and 8, which were completely or partially defective in adhesion to cellulose, respectively. While the SY3 mutant strain was incapable of growth with cellulose as the sole carbon source, the strain 8 mutants showed varying abilities to degrade and grow with cellulose. Biochemical and gene cloning experiments have been used in Israel and the US, respectively, to identify what are believed to be key components of a cellulosome. This combination of cellulose adhesion mechanisms has not been identified previously in any bacterium. Second, differential display, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DD RT-PCR) has been developed for use with R. albus. A major limitation to cellulose research has been the intractability of cellulolytic bacteria to genetic manipulation by techniques such as transposon mutagenesis and gene displacement. The P.I.'s successfully developed DD RT- PCR, which expanded the scope of our research beyond the original objectives of the project, and a subset of the transcripts conditionally expressed in response to PAA and PPA have been identified and characterized. Third, proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein of R. albus 8 are present in other R. albus strains and F. intestinalis, Western immunoblots have been used to examine additional strains of R. albus, as well as other cellulolytic bacteria of ruminant origin, for production of proteins immunochemically related to the CbpC protein. The results of these experiments showed that R. albus strains SY3, 7 and B199 all possess a protein of ~25 kDa which cross-reacts with polyclonal anti-CbpC antiserum. Several strains of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Ruminococcus flavefaciens strains C- 94 and FD-1, and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 produced no proteins that cross-react with the same antiserum. Surprisingly though, F. intestinalis strain DR7 does possess a protein(s) of relatively large molecular mass (~200 kDa) that was strongly cross-reactive with the anti- CbpC antiserum. Scientifically, our studies have helped expand the scope of our fundamental understanding of adhesion mechanisms in cellulose-degrading bacteria, and validated the use of RNA-based techniques to examine physiological responses in bacteria that are nor amenable to genetic manipulations. Because efficient fiber hydrolysis by many anaerobic bacteria requires both tight adhesion to substrate and a stable cellulosome, we believe our findings are also the first step in providing the resources needed to achieve our long-term goal of increasing fiber digestibility in animals.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens e Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.

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Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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