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1
Colburn, Forrest D. "Liberalism Takes Root in Central America". Current History 103, n. 670 (1 febbraio 2004): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.670.74.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Central America's unlikely route to liberal democracy may not have been perceived as leading to durable regimes. However, democracy has been resilient and even stable in Central America. Indeed, Central Americans, accustomed to being perceived as poor and unstable by their Mexican and South American brethren, have been smug about the locus of Latin America's ills being shifted to South America.
2
Gomez Galisteo, Mª Carmen. "Representing Native American Women in Early Colonial American Writings: Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Juan Ortiz and John Smith". Sederi, n. 19 (2009): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.34136/sederi.2009.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Most observers of Native Americans during the contact period between Europe and the Americas represented Native American women as monstrous beings posing potential threats to the Europeans’ physical integrity. However, the most well known portrait of Native American women is John Smith’s description of Pocahontas, the Native American princess who, the legend goes, saved Smith from being executed. Transformed into a children’s tale, further popularized by the Disney movie, as well as being the object of innumerable historical studies questioning or asserting the veracity of Smith’s claims, the fact remains that the Smith-Pocahontas story is at the very core of North American culture. Nevertheless, far from being original, John Smith’s story had a precedent in the story of Spaniard Juan Ortiz, a member of the ill-fated Narváez expedition to Florida in 1527. Ortiz, who got lost in America and spent the rest of his life there, was also rescued by a Native American princess from being sacrificed in the course of a Native American ritual, as recounted by the Gentleman of Elvas, member of the Hernando de Soto expedition. Yet another vision of Native American women is that offered by Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, another participant of the Narváez expedition who, during almost a decade in the Americas fulfilled a number of roles among the Native Americans, including some that were regarded as female roles. These female roles provided him with an opportunity to avert captivity as well as a better understanding of gender roles within Native American civilization. This essay explores the description of Native American women posed by John Smith, Juan Ortiz and Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca so as to illustrate different images of Native American women during the early contact period as conveyed by these works.
3
COGLIANO, FRANCIS D. "“We All Hoisted the American Flag:” National identity among American Prisoners in Britain during the American Revolution". Journal of American Studies 32, n. 1 (aprile 1998): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875898005787.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
“What is an American?” asked the French émigré Hector St. John Crèvecoeur in 1782. In so doing, Crèvecoeur posed one of the fundamental questions of the revolutionary era. When the colonists overthrew imperial authority; declared independence; formed an independent confederation of states; and waged war for its existence; they created a new nation and a new nationality. To be sure, colonists and Britons alike had long used the term “American,” none the less, a complete sense of American national identity was largely inchoate before the American Revolution. Before the Revolution, most Americans identified more with their individual colonies than with an abstract geographic concept like “America.” While the Revolution did not completely supplant regional loyalties, it introduced a new, compelling loyalty: to the United States of America. The Revolution forced Americans to choose between loyalty to Britain or the United States. Ultimately, the majority opted for the United States. Those who did, helped define what it meant to be American by their words and actions. The purpose of this article is to examine the development of loyalty to the United States and the development of an American national identity among one group of Americans: sailors imprisoned in Britain during the Revolution.
4
Bryan Bademan, R. "“Monkeying with the Bible”: Edgar J. Goodspeed's American Translation". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 16, n. 1 (2006): 55–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2006.16.1.55.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractDevotion to the Bible remains an underappreciated aspect of American religious life partly because it fails to generate controversy. This essay opens a window onto America's relationship with the Bible by exploring a controversial moment in the history of the Bible in America: the public reception of University of Chicago professor Edgar J. Goodspeed's American Translation (1923). Initially, at least, most Americans flatly rejected Goodspeed's impeccably credentialed attempt to cast the language of the Bible in contemporary “American” English. Accusations of the professor's irreligion, bad taste, vulgarity, and crass modernity emerged from nearly every quarter of the Protestant establishment (with the exception of some card-carrying theological modernists), testifying to a widespread but unexplored attachment to the notion of a traditional Bible in the early twentieth century. By examining this barrage of reaction, “Monkeying with the Bible” argues that Protestants, along with some others in 1920s America, believed that traditional biblical language was among the forces that helped stabilize the development of American civilization.
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Naem, Ali Dakhil. "Postcolonial Dilemma in Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land". International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, n. 2 (2023): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.82.42.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, the researcher shows how Laila Halaby presents mainstream Americans’ perception of Arab Americans post 9/11 America in her novel Once in a Promised Land. Halaby narrates how the mainstream Americans provided the Western gaze upon the Arab-American citizens. Halaby symbolizes in the characters an America which is conspiratorial and submerged with religious passions. After 9/11, Halaby’s mainstream American characters become increasingly fanatical and mistrustful of Arabs, specifically, and Islamic religion, in general. Halaby, then, portrays intolerant and xenophobic American characters overwrought with doubts and discloses a post 9/11 America that is prevalent with anti-Arab racism. Halaby also propounds that the widespread American perception of a world patently divided between East and West only arouses global crises such as drought, poverty and war. She also declares that the attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, were a direct result of these epidemics. Moreover, Halaby offers a perspective of Americans who are ignorantly perceiving the United States as separated from crises affecting all nations. For this reason, Halaby's novel functions as a cautionary tale decreeing Americans to transcend a binary frame of reference to avoid further crises from escalating within or beyond American borders.
6
Tseng, Timothy. "Protestantism in Twentieth-Century Chinese America: The Impact of Transnationalism on the Chinese Diaspora". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 13, n. 1-2 (2006): 121–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656106793645196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article examines how an indigenous form of evangelicalism became the predominant form of Chinese Protestantism in the United States since 1949. Chinese-American Protestantism was so thoroughly reconstructed by separatist immigrants from the Diaspora and American-born (or American-raised) evangelicals that affiliation with mainline Protestant denominations and organizations is no longer desired. This development has revitalized Chinese-American Protestantism. Indeed, Chinese evangelicalism is one of the fastest-growing religions in China, the Chinese Diaspora, and among Chinese in America. Though the percentage of Chinese Americans affiliated with Christianity is not nearly as high as that of Korean Americans, Chinese-American Protestantism has achieved impressive numeric growth over the past fifty years. Much of this growth can be attributed to the large number of Chinese who have migrated to North America since World War II.
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Naem, Ali Dakhil, e Alaa Abbas Ghadban. "Orientalism in Laila Halaby’s Once in a Promised Land". International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, n. 2 (2022): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.72.49.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper, the researcher show how Laila Halabypresents informative perception into the conflicts confrontation Arab Americans in post 9/11 America. Halaby turns the Western look upon the Arab societies. Laila Halaby symbolizes an America which is conspiratorial and submerged with religious enthusiasms. After 9/11, Halaby’s American characters become increasingly fanaticism and mistrustful of Arabs and Islamic cultures. Halaby, then, portrays intolerant and xenophobic American characters overwrought with doubts and discloses a post 9/11 America that is widespread with anti-Arab racism. Halaby also propounds that the widespread American perception of a world patently divided between East and West only arouses global crises such as drought, poverty and war. She also declares that the juveniles that occurred on September 11, 2001, were a direct result of these epidemics. Moreover, Halaby offers a perspective of Americans as ignorantly perceiving the United States as alienated from crises impending all nations. For this reason, Halaby's novel functions as a cautionary story decreeing Americans to transcend a binary frame of reference for avoiding further crises from escalating within or beyond American borders.
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Scheil, Katherine West. "Shakespeare and the American Nation". Theatre Survey 47, n. 1 (13 aprile 2006): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557406310095.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The combination of Shakespeare and American Studies has recently proven to be fertile ground for scholarly inquiry. In Shakespeare and the American Nation, Kim C. Sturgess shows that the subject has not yet been exhausted. Following the work of Lawrence Levine's Highbrow/Lowbrow: The Emergence of Cultural Hierarchy in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988) and Michael D. Bristol's Shakespeare's America, America's Shakespeare (New York: Routledge, 1990), Sturgess's intriguing book examines how nationalistic appropriations of Shakespeare accorded him the status of a hero in American culture in a climate of strong anti-British sentiment.
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Compton, John W. "The Emancipation of the American Mind: J.S. Mill on the Civil War". Review of Politics 70, n. 2 (2008): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670508000314.
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AbstractScholars have generally traced J.S. Mill's interest in the United States to the commercial and democratic aspects of American society. Yet Mill also suggested a third respect in which America was unique: it was the only existing nation founded on the basis of “abstract principles.” This insight provides the key to a fuller understanding of Mill's various writings on America. In his early essays, Mill worried that America's founding principles and institutions were beginning to take on the characteristics of dogma: they were universally accepted, but no longer discussed. Mill responded optimistically to the Civil War because he believed the struggle to extinguish slavery would ultimately restore the meaning or vitality of the founding principles of liberty and equality. With the nation thus “regenerated,” Mill predicted that Americans would soon recognize and address other illiberal aspects of American society, including the subordinate status of women.
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Bin Abdullah, Omer. "Reflecting on Islam in America". American Journal of Islam and Society 19, n. 3 (1 luglio 2002): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i3.1936.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
"The strength of America is in its diversity, and this diversity includes theIslamic component, which is part of the American mainstream now." Soproclaimed ISNA secretary general Sayyid M. Syeed while inauguratingthe sixth annual ISNA Islam in America Conference, which is now part ofthe American academic calendar.Held in Chicago on July 5-7, four conferences were featured: Islam inAmerica, Islam among Latino Americans, Islam in American Prisons, andMuslim Refugee Resettlement in America. The mainstream American mediawas there in full to cover these events.l n his inaugural address, Syeed said that Muslims must continue toshape their public identity as they further integrate into mainstreamAmerican society. He added that while public perceptions about Muslimsand Islam have improved over the last 30 years, there is still work to bedone. He stated that ISNA will continue to serve Muslim Americans andpromote understanding among all Americans, and that INSA has receiveda federal faith-based initiative grant for a project.Mary Ann Peters, American ambassador to Bangladesh, remarked inher keynote address that America derives its strength from diversity andstressed that there is no acceptable level of intolerance in America. Sheinformed the audience that she had reached out to over 2,000 Bangladeshireligious leaders to promote womens' rights in their country, and that promoting democracy overseas serves American interests. She would like tosee better relations between the U.S. and Muslim countries, and mentionedthat the American government has accepted her suggestion of regularexchanges of religious scholars between the two countries.Shaikh Hamza Yusuf focused on the Prophet's conduct and remindedeveryone that he never repaid persecution, insults, or injury with anger orin kind. Addressing the mainstream media's treatment of Muslims, Yusufsaid that instead of simply criticizing the media, Muslims must form anorganization similar to the Anti-Defamation League that could correct andinform their detractors. Dr. David Schwartz, another keynote speaker whorecently retired as religious services administrator for the Federal Bureau ofPrisons, said that Islam is a positive element in inmates' lives. He vehementlyrejected the insinuation that American prisons are being used as ...
11
Darnton, Robert. "What American Century?" European Review 7, n. 4 (ottobre 1999): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700004385.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the year 2000 approaches there is a seemingly irresistible tendency to attach a label to the century that is ending. We here everywhere of “The American Century”, as if a stretch of time could belong to a country. Behind that expression, one can detect a set of attitudes, some of them holdovers from the nationalist sentiments that first surfaced in the nineteenth century, others expressions of anti-Americanism: if you don't like something about contemporary culture, blame it on the Yanks. In fact, most of the phenomena currently associated with America are global in nature, and the notion of an American Century makes little sense, except at the level of collective mentalities. Still, if one must associate a century with America, the best candidate would be the eighteenth. During the age of Enlightenment and Revolution, America epitomized everything enlightened and revolutionary. And Americans in Paris could bask in the glory of being identified not with McDonald's nor with Hollywood but rather with republican virtue and the rights of man. The real American century came to an end two hundred years ago.
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Thomas, W. W. "The American genera of Simaroubaceae and their distribution". Acta Botanica Brasilica 4, n. 1 (luglio 1990): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061990000100002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A review of the phylogenetic relationships of the subfamilies of Simaroubaceae is presented and the distribution patterns of the American genera are discussed. Engler's six subfamilies are evaluated and the three subfamilies represented in the Americas and their included genera are discussed in detail. The eight American genera fall into three broad distributional categories: widely distributed throughout the neotropics, limited to northern South America, and disjunct between the West Indies, Central America and Mexico and southern South America. These distributions are discussed and interpreted.
13
Gries, Peter, Matthew A. Sanders, David R. Stroup e Huajian Cai. "Hollywood in China: How American Popular Culture Shapes Chinese Views of the “Beautiful Imperialist” – An Experimental Analysis". China Quarterly 224 (28 ottobre 2015): 1070–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741015000831.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWhile most mainland Chinese today have extremely few direct contacts with either America or Americans, their indirect contacts with both, via globalized American popular culture, are increasing rapidly. Do daily parasocial contacts with American celebrities shape Chinese views of America? Based on two experimental studies, this paper argues that even indirect, subconscious exposure to American celebrities via popular magazine covers shapes Chinese views of America. However, the impact of that exposure depends upon both the specific nature of the bicultural exposure and the psychological predispositions of the Chinese involved. Not all Chinese are alike, and their personality differences shape whether they experience American popular culture as enriching or threatening, leading to integrative and exclusionary reactions, respectively.
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Fasya, Amanda Nur, e Ariya Jati. "The Flare of Xenophobia in America during Covid-19 Pandemic". E3S Web of Conferences 317 (2021): 04008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131704008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Covid-19 pandemic contribute in creating xenophobic attitudes among American people. Recently, there are many reports about Asian-American people or Chinese people in America facing racisms and xenophobic attitudes; moreover there are also reports that Asian-American and Chinese people attacked by Americans. The aim of this study is to know how bad xenophobia in the middle of pandemic in America by analysing the data and what kinds of xenophobic attitudes do Asian-American and Chinese people frequently received during Covid-19 pandemic by society in America. This study uses descriptive research method to know the phenomena of xenophobic attitudes and its circumstance that happen at the present. We collect the data from reports on the various articles or news regarding to Asian-American and Chinese people experiencing racisms and xenophobic attitudes. The results are show that Asian-American and Chinese people received verbal and non-verbal attacks by American people, that is Hate-speech and physical Attacks. Xenophobic attitudes through verbal and non-verbal attacks, such as hate-speech and physical attacks have been surfaced by Asian-American people.
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Coles, Roberta L. "War and the Contest over National Identity". Sociological Review 50, n. 4 (novembre 2002): 586–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003802610205000407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper looks at a recent historical moment in which the American national identity was defined and contested in the public arena. The Persian Gulf crisis of 1990–91 presents a case in point in which official actors attempted to define the American character and in so doing prescribed particular actions necessary to fulfill what it means to be an American. President George Bush's discourse used the crisis to rejuvenate US prestige and American confidence. He described Americans as unique in esteemed values and America as the only country capable of leading the world. In so doing, he invited American participation in support for US military intervention. On the other side, the peace movement chose to emphasize American weaknesses, domestic problems, and the gullible nature of the American people. In so doing, it attempted to shame Americans into supporting the anti-war movement.
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Miller, Nicola. "Recasting the Role of the Intellectual: Chilean Poet Gabriela Mistral". Feminist Review 79, n. 1 (marzo 2005): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400206.
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The life and work of Gabriela Mistral, the first Latin American writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945, is examined as an example of how difficult it was for women to win recognition as intellectuals in 20th-century Latin America. Despite an international reputation for erudition and political commitment, Mistral has traditionally been represented in stereotypically gendered terms as the ‘Mother’ and ‘Schoolteacher’ of the Americas, and it has been repeatedly claimed that she was both apolitical and anti-intellectual. This article contests such claims, arguing that she was not only committed to fulfilling the role of an intellectual, but that she also elaborated a critique of the dominant male Latin American view of intellectuality, probing the boundaries of both rationality and nationality as constructed by male Euro-Americans. In so doing, she addressed many of the crucial issues that still confront intellectuals today in Latin America and elsewhere.
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Coles, Roberta L. "War and the Contest over National Identity". Sociological Review 50, n. 4 (novembre 2002): 587–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2002.tb02583.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper looks at a recent historical moment in which the American national identity was defined and contested in the public arena. The Persian Gulf crisis of 1990–91 presents a case in point in which official actors attempted to define the American character and in so doing prescribed particular actions necessary to fulfill what it means to be an American confidence. He described Americans as unique in esteemed values and America as the only country capable of leading the world. In so doing, he invited American participation in support for US military intervention. On the other side, the peace movement chose to emphasize American weaknesses, domestic problems, and the gullible nature of the American people. In so doing it attempted to shame Americans into supporting the anti-war movement.
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Pun, Min. "Anti-Racist Pedagogy in the Canonization of Toni Morrison". Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, n. 2 (15 luglio 2017): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ctbijis.v5i2.18434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper aims to examine the anti-racist approach in pedagogy in relation to the issues of representations of African Americans in American schools, curricula, and literary canon. It has considered anti-racist pedagogy as a correct approach to creating a truly democratic society in a racist society like the United States of America. In order to address these issues, Toni Morrison has been considered the most successful African American writer who has attained canonical status within the mainstream of both African American and American literature. The paper has, thus, raised some of the vital issues related to the representations of African Americans in American schools, curricula, and the literary canons.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5(2) 2017: 15-24
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Moon, Selena. "Beyond Hannah Takagi Holmes: The Lives and Work of Deaf and Blind Japanese Americans". Journal of American Ethnic History 43, n. 3 (1 aprile 2024): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19364695.43.3.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Although disability history has made progress in including excluded groups, such as LGBTQIA, BIPOC, and women, it continues to be dominated by white men. Asian Americans have only recently been included, and Asian American disability history has not yet highlighted Japanese Americans. Archives and institutions specializing in disability history center whites, and institutions specializing in Japanese American history overlook disability. Blind and especially Deaf people form the core of existing Japanese American disability history, while physically and especially intellectually disabled people are talked about, rather than sharing their experiences. Military history focuses on able-bodied Japanese American men, despite the large number of Japanese Americans wounded (and possibly disabled) in combat. Disabled Japanese Americans also broke racial, gender, and other barriers, and campaigned for civil rights and redress. But there were also ordinary people. All of them lived and continue to live in a racist, ableist society that erases Asian Americans and disabled people, and especially disabled Asian Americans. According to the Census Bureau, about 1.4 million Asians and Pacific Islanders in America identify as being disabled. It is important that disabled Japanese Americans’ stories and contributions become a valuable part of the Asian American experience.1
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Matallana, Andrea. "BUILDING ART DIPLOMACY: THE CASE OF CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN ART EXHIBITION IN LATIN AMERICA, 1941". ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 3, n. 2 (20 ottobre 2022): 272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v3.i2.2022.172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyzes the construction of the visual narrative expressed in the exhibition Contemporary North American Painting in 1941. During the II World War, the U.S. government recovered the initiative to build a strong tight with Latin American countries by relaunching the Good Neighbor Policy. Cultural diplomacy was an important branch of this policy. With the purpose of winning friends in the continent, the government created the Office of Inter-American Affairs, led by Nelson Rockefeller, and he sent artists, intellectuals, and exhibitions to make North America known in the other Americas. The Contemporary North American Painting projected an image of the United States as a modern and industrialized society to South Americans. This narrative was one of the devices developed by the U.S. government as part of the soft diplomacy carried out in the 1940s.In this article, we delve into the construction of the visual narrative about the U.S as part of the Good Neighbor exhibition complex, and we will analyze how the exhibition process was thought of as part of representational and ideological machinery.The article was based on reading, analysis, and cataloging of primary sources. The sources were letters, catalogs, photos, and notes from the main characters of the Office of Inter-American Affairs. Likewise, the exhibited works of art were operationalized.
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Kloppenberg, James. "Republicanism in American History". Tocqueville Review 13, n. 1 (gennaio 1992): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.13.1.119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Toequevilie's Democracy in America, like most great books, displays a tich appreciation of paradox. Unlike so many commentators on America, who have sought to unmask either the greatness or venality of the people or their leaders, or the triumphs or tragedies flowing from America's political, economic, or social institutions, Tocquevillc understood that conflicting values have been held in suspension in American culture.
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Zunz, Olivier. "Exporting American Individualism". Tocqueville Review 16, n. 2 (gennaio 1995): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.16.2.99.
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The exporting of goods and capital has been Japan's much heralded success story of the postwar global order, much to the dismay of Americans who had been the prime builders of the Pax Americana on which the world's economy now rests. But despite today's headlines, U.S.-Japanese relations are not just about trade. This paper is about the exporting not of goods but of ideas and the connection between ideology and economic policy. I suggest that the Japanese's peculiar response to American ideas on individualism has helped them develop an ultimately successful economic alternative to American democracy: a non-individualistic capitalism.
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Wang, Xiaotao. "Transnationalism in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men and Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club". Journal of Education and Culture Studies 4, n. 2 (20 maggio 2020): p122. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v4n2p122.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chinese American literature is commonly interpreted as the narrative of the living experiences of Chinese Americans. Under the past nation-state research paradigm, Chinese American literature critics both in China and America are preoccupied with the “assimilation” of immigrants and their descendants in Chinese American literature texts, they argue that Chinese culture is the barrier for the immigrants to be fully assimilated into the mainstream society. But putting Chinese American literature under the context of globalization, these arguments seem inaccurate and out of date. This article examines the transnational practices and emotional attachments in Maxine Hong Kingston’s China Men and Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club to show that the identity in these two works are neither American nor Chinese, but transnational. Thus, Chinese American literature is not the writing of Chinese Americans’ Americanness, but a celebration of their transnationalism.
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Harris, Daniel N., Wei Song, Amol C. Shetty, Kelly S. Levano, Omar Cáceres, Carlos Padilla, Víctor Borda et al. "Evolutionary genomic dynamics of Peruvians before, during, and after the Inca Empire". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n. 28 (26 giugno 2018): E6526—E6535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720798115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Native Americans from the Amazon, Andes, and coastal geographic regions of South America have a rich cultural heritage but are genetically understudied, therefore leading to gaps in our knowledge of their genomic architecture and demographic history. In this study, we sequence 150 genomes to high coverage combined with an additional 130 genotype array samples from Native American and mestizo populations in Peru. The majority of our samples possess greater than 90% Native American ancestry, which makes this the most extensive Native American sequencing project to date. Demographic modeling reveals that the peopling of Peru began ∼12,000 y ago, consistent with the hypothesis of the rapid peopling of the Americas and Peruvian archeological data. We find that the Native American populations possess distinct ancestral divisions, whereas the mestizo groups were admixtures of multiple Native American communities that occurred before and during the Inca Empire and Spanish rule. In addition, the mestizo communities also show Spanish introgression largely following Peruvian Independence, nearly 300 y after Spain conquered Peru. Further, we estimate migration events between Peruvian populations from all three geographic regions with the majority of between-region migration moving from the high Andes to the low-altitude Amazon and coast. As such, we present a detailed model of the evolutionary dynamics which impacted the genomes of modern-day Peruvians and a Native American ancestry dataset that will serve as a beneficial resource to addressing the underrepresentation of Native American ancestry in sequencing studies.
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Martone, Eric. "Creating a local black identity in a global context: the French writer Alexandre Dumas as an African American lieu de mémoire". Journal of Global History 5, n. 3 (27 ottobre 2010): 395–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022810000203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWestern expansion and domination through colonial systems served as a form of globalization, spreading white hegemony across the globe. While whites retained the monopoly on ‘modernity’ as the exclusive writers of historical progress, ‘backward’ African Americans were perceived as ‘outside’ Western culture and history. As a result, there were no African American individuals perceived as succeeding in Western terms in the arts, humanities, and sciences. In response, African American intellectuals forged a counter-global bloc that challenged globalization conceived as hegemonic Western domination. They sought to insert African Americans as a whole into the history of America, (re)creating a local black American history ‘forgotten’ because of slavery and Western power. African American intellectuals thus created a ‘usable past’, or counter-memory, to reconstitute history through the inclusion of African Americans, countering Western myths of black inferiority. The devastating legacy of slavery was posited as the cause of the African Americans’ lack of Western cultural acclivity. Due to the lack of nationally recognized African American figures of Western cultural achievement, intellectuals constructed Dumas as a lieu de mémoire as part of wider efforts to appropriate historical individuals of black descent from across the globe within a transnational community produced by the Atlantic slave trade. Since all blacks were perceived as having a uniting ‘essence’, Dumas’ achievements meant that all blacks had the same potential. Such identification efforts demonstrated African Americans’ social and cultural suitability in Western terms and the resulting right to be included in American society. In this process, African Americans expressed a new, local black identity by expanding an ‘African American’ identity to a wider range of individuals than was commonly applied. While constructing a usable past, African Americans redefined ‘America’ beyond the current hegemonic usage (which generally restricted the term geographically to the US) to encompass an ‘Atlantic’ world – a world in which the Dumas of memory was re-imagined as an integral component with strong connections to slavery and colonialism.
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Chusna, Aidatul, e Erni Dewi Riyanti. "ON BEING MUSLIM AMERICANS". Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies 3, n. 2 (25 marzo 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ijiis.vol3.iss2.art2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The arrival of immigrants from various countries and continents to America has become part of a very long history for this country. In fact, the United States was founded by group of immigrants. History accounts the arrival of Muslim immigrants in America in several waves; nonetheless, Islam and Muslims remained foreign for American people. For Muslim Immigrants, the tragedy of September 11 (2001) had profoundly impacted them. They endure prejudices, discrimination, verbal abuse, and hate crimes due to the increasing Islamophobia among American society. The study highlights a group of young Muslims known as Mipsterz (Muslim Hipsters) and examines how Mipsterz becomes a site for negotiating identity as a Muslim American. Started as a small group of Muslim youngsters from New York City in 2012, Mipsterz develops into a space for minorities to speak up and define themselves through their creative works. Unluckily, along with the growing number of white supremacists, Islamophobia and negative stereotypes are keep growing and felt by Muslim Americans, even among American-born Muslim generations. Mipsterz aims to keep producing stories and marginalized voices to the fore front of American public, as its members do not want to be identified either Muslims or Americans; they are Muslim Americans.
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Fonju, Dr Njuafac Kenedy. "The Challenges of Afro-Caribbean and African American Diasporas within the Celebrated Lynching Mechanisms in the New Status as Sub-Set of Human Beings 19th and 20th Centuries". Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 9, n. 11 (9 novembre 2021): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2021.v09i11.002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present paper brings out clear evidence of what constitute the essential challenges of Afro-Caribbean and African American challenges and popular slogans from the late 19th to the mid- 20th Centuries which actually de-humanised the Black race whose ancestors were harshly used as slaves in the opening and development of the Americas plantations between 1619 and 1850. In spite of their long efforts in the struggle for racial equality and granting of full civil rights, different secret societies were formed alongside open police actions to frequently terrorised other races in the American Continent. The phenomenon became wide spread across the 20th Century which also suffered from the aftermaths of the two world Wars while prominent African Americans also kept American authorities busy in their struggle to end segregationist practices of the Century. Our findings show that police kill African Americans more than twice as often as the general population. Across all racial groups, 65.3 percent of those killed possessed a firearm at the time of their death. In addition, Millions of African Americans live in communities that lack access to good jobs and good schools and suffer from high crime rates. African American adults are about twice as likely to be unemployed as whites, black students lag their white peers in educational attainment and achievement, and African American communities tend to have higher than average crime rates. These issues have been persistent problems. A bronze statue called ‘Raise Up’, part of the display at the National Memorial for Peace and Justice, a memorial to honor thousands of people killed in lynchings, in Montgomery, Alabama. Therefore, the scrutiny of specialized sources and other related documentations enable us to use historical analytical methods to bring out evidences as changed of status from slavery to Afro-Caribbean and African America path the way forward to legalized segregationist system.
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Marwinda, Kristin, e Inti Englishtina. "Understanding the hidden meaning of Death of a Salesman". Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 11, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2022): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v11i2.58869.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper focuses on analyzing the drama script entitled Death of a Salesman as one of the representations of literary work in the modern period using the deconstructive approach. The purpose of this study is to figure out the hidden meaning about the American Dreams represented by Willy Loman. The method used in this paper is descriptive qualitative. This paper uses deconstructive approach from Jacques Derrida. The result of this research shows the belief of the American Dreams cannot be applied in the modern era to all of Americans. Most Americans hold a strong belief that everyone will get a happiness and a successful life in America. This deconstructive analysis finds a hidden meaning that the belief of the American Dreams could not guarantee the success of people who live in America. Death of a Salesman represents the character of Willy Loman as an American who fail to accomplish his success to be a salesman, a husband, and a father.
29
Ficek, Rosa E. "Imperial routes, national networks and regional projects in the Pan-American Highway, 1884–1977". Journal of Transport History 37, n. 2 (1 agosto 2016): 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526616654699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article discusses the planning and construction of the Pan-American Highway by focusing on interactions among engineers, government officials, manufacturers, auto enthusiasts, and road promoters from the United States and Latin America. It considers how the Pan-American Highway was made by projects to extend U.S. influence in Latin America but also by Latin American nationalist and regionalist projects that put forward alternative ideas about social and cultural difference—and cooperation—across the Americas. The transnational negotiations that shaped the Pan-American Highway show how roads, as they bring people and places into contact with each other, mobilize diverse actors and projects that can transform the geography and meaning of these technologies.
30
Lipset, Seymour Martin. "American Exceptionalism Reaffirmed". Tocqueville Review 10 (dicembre 1989): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.10.3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The topic which concerns us, American Exceptionalism (the phrase is Tocqueville’s) could only have arisen in a comparative context. It basically means that America is unique, is different in crucial ways from most other countries. It has been argued by many, that the United States has stood out, as distinct, from other western countries, in Europe and the Americas, including, as I have tried to document, Canada
31
STEELE, BRIAN. "Inventing Un-America". Journal of American Studies 47, n. 4 (28 agosto 2013): 881–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875813001394.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
No writer is more closely bound up with our deepest sense of the meaning of the “American” than Thomas Jefferson and it is difficult to imagine America's national purpose without some reference to his words. Yet Jefferson's projection of American identity also assumed and even constituted, of necessity, the un-American and it is in this sense that the un-American provided the necessary contours of what became the “American.” Jefferson's various projects are often seen in tension with one another. But this dialectic between the American and the un-American helps reconcile many of them. Federalists, Jefferson believed, assumed that governing Americans demanded the force and corruption that had long kept Europeans in order, whereas Americans, he believed, had an experience of history that rendered them capable of transcending such political theory and practicing democratic politics. This paper explores this dialectic between the American and the un-American in Jefferson's thought as a problem of national self-definition and argues that Jefferson's overwhelming confidence about American identity rested to a large degree in the shudder produced by his experience of the other. Years before Joseph McCarthy and HUAC, Jefferson's project of defining the nation created the un-American, rendering Americans ever since profoundly, however paradoxically, ambivalent about the prospects for revolutionary republicanism abroad.
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Salaita, Steven. "The Arab Americans". American Journal of Islam and Society 24, n. 2 (1 aprile 2007): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v24i2.1548.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since 9/11, Arab Americans have been the subject of much discussion inboth popular and scholarly forums. Books on the suddenly visible Arab-American community have been published recently or are forthcoming, andcourses dealing with Arab Americans are gradually entering university curricula.This interest is cross-disciplinary, having become evident in numeroushumanities and social science fields.Yet this interest is bound largely to the political marketplace of ideas, foran emergent Arab-American studies existed well before 9/11 and had been onthe brink of increased visibility on the eve of 9/11. It took 9/11, however, forthis body of scholarship to generate broad attention. In addition, 9/11 alteredthe trajectories that had already been established, though not as dramaticallyas an unaffiliated observer might believe. Gregory Orfalea was among thegroup of scholars and artists who were assessing Arab America before 9/11through his work as a writer and editor. Orfalea continues his contribution tothat project with his latest book, The Arab Americans: A History, a voluminoustext that mixes exposition, commentary, and analysis.The author’s cross-disciplinary book will be of interest to students andscholars in the humanities and the social sciences, for it contains elements ofhistoriography, sociology, literary criticism, memoir, and anthropology. Theintroduction and first chapter recount a trip he took as a young man in 1972with his jaddu (grandfather) to Arbeen, Syria, his grandfather’s hometown.Subsequent chapters explore a number of sociocultural and political issuesof interest to the Arab-American community, including the politics of theArab world, activism (historical and contemporary) in Arab America, therelationship between Arab Americans and the American government at boththe local and federal levels, religious traditions in Arab America, and theinstability and diversity of Arab-American identity ...
33
Barrio, Ángel B. Espina. "Bandoleros Y Jinetes Míticos En Iberoamérica". REVISTA PLURI 1, n. 1 (22 gennaio 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rpv112018p39-46.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Asaltos de diligencias, emboscadas, ataques en caseríos, todos sucesos que ocurrían en el pasado con mucha frecuencia, configuran la imagen del bandolero, asaltador de caminos. Pero para comprender bien estas figuras del delito en Iberoamérica hemos de considerar primero la caballería en su generalidad desde tiempo antes de la expansión ibérica en el Continente Americano. Se considera que la capacidad de dominio de muchos imperios de la antigüedad se debió a los animales empleados, especialmente el caballo. Lo mismo sucedió en la conquista americana cuya rapidez se debió en parte al empleo militar de los importados caballos, empleo que poco a poco derivaría hacia el transporte y se generalizaría en todo el Continente americano dando lugar a un tipo de jinete que en su polimorfismo y por su importancia comentaremos en detalle a continuación.Palabras-Clave: Bandoleros, Jinetes Míticos, Iberoamérica, Expansión, Conquista AmericanaAbstractAssaults of stagecoaches, ambushes, attacks in hamlets, all events that happened in the past very often, make up the image of the bandit, highway robber. But to understand these figures of crime in Ibero-America we must first consider the cavalry in its generality since a time before the Iberian expansion in the American Continent. It is considered that the ability to dominate many empires of antiquity was due to the animals used, especially the horse. The same happened in the American conquest, whose speed was partly due to the military employment of the imported horses, a job that would gradually lead to transportation and would become widespread throughout the American Continent, giving rise to a type of rider that in its polymorphism and Because of its importance we will comment in detail below.Keywords: Bandoleros, Mythical Horsemen, Latin America, Expansion, American Conquest
34
Harendika, Melania Shinta, e Azka Ashila. "Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned: Pakistani Immigrants’ View on American Values". Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, n. 1 (19 ottobre 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i1.23882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned talks about the life of Pakistani immigrants in America, especially Hasan, who struggle to live a better life in the U.S. American values become the main focus in this study to see their influences in certain characters’ point of view of this short story. The data are selected conversations and the narrations in Sadia Shepard’s Foreign-Returned as well as traditional American values and the sociological data of Pakistani Diaspora in America in the 2000s. This research reveals that most of the characters, both first- and second-generation Pakistani immigrants, practice American values in certain ways. However, values are fluid. Not everyone in the U.S.A believes in American values; on the other hand, non-Americans are possible to practice American values. In brief, how much the American values influence the characters' minds and behavior does not depend on whether they are first- or second-generation immigrants.
35
Ayuningtyas, Novia Sekar, e Mohamad Ikhwan Rosyidi. "The Dilemma of Being American as a Consequence of Ethnic Segregation in Toni Morrison's Beloved". Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies 8, n. 2 (30 novembre 2019): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v8i2.33918.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Slavery was a central institution in American society and was accepted as normal and applauded as a positive thing by many white Americans. America was full of Negro slaves when there were many injustice actions done by white people to black people. Beloved is a novel written by Toni Morrison in 1987, explores the hardships endured by a former slave woman and her family during the slavery and the Reconstructions eras. This study aims to explain the dilemma experienced by the main character of being American and its correlation between the main character’s dilemma and ethnic segregation by the White Americans against the Afro-Americans as portrayed in Beloved novel. The method used in this study is a qualitative study analyzed by deconstruction theory of Paul de Man. Meanwhile, the method of data analysis is based on the dilemma experienced by African-American people in the novel and its correlation between the dilemma and ethnic segregation. Morrison’s novel shows that the dilemma experienced by the main character in the novel is divided into the episodes of control, gender role, and humanity service. The correlation between the dilemma and ethnic segregation is portrayed through the struggle of Afro-American people fight against the domination of White Americans. In conclusion, ethnic segregation in America creates dilemma for Afro-American or black people and it should be removed to vanish any differentiation and live in harmony.
36
Ivanov, Nikolai. "The Monroe Doctrine and Anglo-American Rivalry in Latin America, 19th – early 20th centuries". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n. 5 (2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640028070-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the article, the author analyses the issues related to the US adoption of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 in the context of Anglo-American confrontation and rivalry in Latin America. The author examines the relations between the USA and Great Britain during the Spanish American wars of independence, the main aspects of the policy of “neutrality”, the actual support of Latin American patriots in their struggle against the Spanish metropole. Despite the common interest in preventing European competitors from entering South America, the Americans did not sign a joint document with the British, despite repeated proposals from London. The Doctrine was put into effect under conditions unfavourable to the US, characterised by Britain's unchallenged world domination in military and economic power. However, by the end of the nineteenth century, the situation changed dramatically in favour of the USA. The author analyses the content of the Doctrine (“America for the Americans”), its adjustment in the course of the rivalry between the USA and Great Britain in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the concessions made by the UK in its rivalry with its strategic competitor. In all events related to the Anglo-American rivalry in Latin America, the Monroe Doctrine was the “starting point’ for the actions and statements of American politicians, and it is not by chance that President Woodrow Wilson stated at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference that the doctrine should be extended to the whole world.
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ESQUIROL, JORGE L. "Alejandro Álvarez's Latin American Law: A Question of Identity". Leiden Journal of International Law 19, n. 4 (dicembre 2006): 931–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156506003700.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay focuses on Alejandro Álvarez's seminal article, ‘Latin America and International Law’, published in 1909 in the American Journal of International Law. Offering and in-depth analysis of the text, it foregrounds the strategic meaning of Álvarez's work in the light of the international politics of his day. It posits that, more than simply a diplomatic history of Latin American particularity, Álvarez presents the case for a different hemispheric international order, based on an ‘American international law’ extending to the United States. He draws primarily an Latin American Precedents – based on historical and stituational commonalities – to argue for a common public law. He then grafts an idiosyncratic interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine as the United States' main contribution to this common law, as well as the fact of US sponsorship of various Americas-wide conferences resulting in the ratification of regional treaties. Notably, and this is one of the main points of this is one of the main points of this essay, Álvarez elevates certain Latin American states as leaders in regional international law and capable agents of its enforcement across the hemisphere. In short, this essay advances the claim that Álvarez's project of pan-American law in effect entreats the United States to share its hegemony and wield its power in the region jointly with Latin America's ‘better-constituted’ states.
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Goldstein, Judith. "Ideas, institutions, and American trade policy". International Organization 42, n. 1 (1988): 179–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300007177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowhere is America's hegemonic decline more evident than in changing trade patterns. The United States trade balance, a measure of the international demand for American goods, is suffering historic deficits. Lowered demand for American goods has led to the under-utilization of both labor and capital in a growing number of traditionally competitive American industries. Conversely, Americans' taste for foreign goods has never been so great. Japanese cars, European steel, Third World textiles, to name a few, are as well produced as their American counterparts and arrive on the U.S. market at a lower cost.
39
Candelaria-Greene, Jamie. "Misperspectives on Literacy". Written Communication 11, n. 2 (aprile 1994): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088394011002004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article argues that historians of literacy, including Carl Kaestle, Harvey Graff, Suzanne de Castell, and Allan Luke, have not taken into account America's Hispanic literacy legacy. Drawing examples from historical accounts, diaries, and Spanish civil law, the author illustrates the depth and breadth of Hispanic contributions to American literacy. The article sharply contrasts the (relatively recent) image of “literacy deficient” Hispanic Americans with the rich legacy of their forebearers, who brought a new world of literacy to early America.
40
Ramos Barros, Patrícia, e Roberto Dalledone Machado Filho. "One Cuba is Enough". Cadernos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito – PPGDir./UFRGS 17 (13 dicembre 2022): 14–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2317-8558.128821.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite the contribution of new streams in international law scholarship, the decades of the Cold War remain underexplored in Latin American current historiography. Removing the geopolitical conflict from the centrality of historiographic analysis, the present article aims to understand the operation of international law in the Cold War through Latin American regional dynamics. Through the reading of the articles on “collective security” published in some international law journals during the period of the Cold War (American Journal of International Law and the Mexican Foro Internacional), this article recounts the history of the jurisdictional conflict between regional and universal organizations. It demonstrates that the history of collective security in the hemisphere begins as experiment in formalization of the long and distinct American tradition in international law. The defense of this tradition served as a basis to formalize or legalize the projection of US power in the Americas. Latin Americans responded to this push first by endorsing the creation of a regional organization and a collective security arrangement, later by using law as a strategy to advance their position. However, as collective security increasingly became a justification for violations of the UN Charter, solidarity among American republics faded and cooperation, despite a regional treaty, became virtually impossible. The regional agreement thus proved to be both an enabler and an obstacle for this strategy. Thus, we conclude that the history of the International Law in Latin American during the Cold War was also the history of the demise of American International Law.
KEYWORDS: Cold War. Latin America; International Law; Collective Security.
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Chen, Yufeng, e Saroja Dorairajoo. "American Muslims’ Da’wah Work and Islamic Conversion". Religions 11, n. 8 (24 luglio 2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080383.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prior to the “9/11 attacks”, negative images of Islam in America were prevalent, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks made the situation for, and image of, Islam more sinister than before. Notwithstanding the extreme Islamophobia, one notes that, ironically in America, more people have been embracing Islam since, at least, the beginning of the twentieth century. Conversion to Islam in America seems to be a deviation from the adverse American public opinions towards Islam. An important question that, therefore, arises is: “Why are Americans converting to Islam despite negative public perception of the religion?” Perhaps Americans have been coerced into conversion by Muslim preachers through the latter’s meticulous and hard-hitting missionary work. In this qualitative study, the authors aim to explore how the missionary work, i.e., “Da’wah”, by some American Muslim missionaries influenced the conversion to Islam of those who were in contact with them. The authors argue that, unlike other Abrahamic proselytizing faiths such as Christianity or the Bahai faith, American Muslim proselytizing was not solely based on direct teaching of the tenets of the religion but also one that demonstrated faith by deeds or actions, which then made Islam attractive and influenced conversion of non-Muslims. These findings come from in-depth fieldwork that included interviews with forty-nine Muslim converts across the United States between June 2014 and May 2015.
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Peters, Mario. "Automobilität in Lateinamerika – eine historiographische Analyse". Anuario de Historia de América Latina 56 (20 dicembre 2019): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jbla.56.152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.
43
Prashad, Vijay. "From Multiculture to Polyculture in South Asian American Studies". Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 8, n. 2 (settembre 1999): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.8.2.185.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1997, Contours of the Heart: South Asians Map North America won the American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation (Maira and Srikanth). This was unexpected, not because of the quality of the book, but principally because of the little attention hitherto given to those who write about the “new immigrants” of the Americas (including South Asians, Filipinos, Southeast Asians, Africans, and West Asians). Prior to 1997, scholars and writers of South Asian America had been known to skulk in the halls of even such marginal events as the Asian American Studies Association and complain about the slight presence of South Asian American panels. That complaint can now be put to rest.
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Johnson, David T. "American Capital Punishment in Comparative Perspective". Law & Social Inquiry 36, n. 04 (2011): 1033–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2011.01260.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is often said that American capital punishment fulfills no purposes, serves no functions, and possesses no coherent rationale. In Peculiar Institution: America's Death Penalty in an Age of Abolition (2010), David Garland argues that American capital punishment is functional, meaningful, and effective, especially in the cultural realm of death penalty discourse. He also demonstrates that America's radically local version of democracy helps explain why the death penalty has persisted in the United States long after it disappeared in other Western democracies and that many of the peculiar forms through which American capital punishment is now administered have been designed to deny association with the lynchings that have occurred in American history. Garland arrives at these conclusions by comparing capital punishment in contemporary America with death penalty systems from the American past and from other Western nations. This essay argues that comparison with Asia further illuminates what is peculiar—and ordinary—in American capital punishment.
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Connell-Szasz, Margaret. "Whose North America is it? “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.”". American Studies in Scandinavia 50, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2018): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v50i1.5698.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Responding to the question, “Whose North America is it?,” this essay argues North America does not belong to anyone. As a Sonoran Desert Tohono O’odham said of the mountain: “Nobody owns it. It owns itself.” Contrasting Native American and Euro-American views of the natural world, the essay maintains that European immigrants introduced the startling concept of Cartesian duality. Accepting a division between spiritual and material, they viewed the natural world as physical matter, devoid of spirituality. North America’s First People saw it differently: they perceived the Earth/Universe as a spiritual community of reciprocal relationships bound by intricate ties of kinship and respect. This clash has shaped American history. From the sixteenth century forward, many European immigrants envisioned land ownership as a dream. Creators of the Declaration of Independence and US Constitution thrust “happiness”/“property” into the nation’s mythology. Southern Euro-Americans claimed “ownership” of African Americans, defining them as “property”; Native Americans resisted Euro-Americans’ enforcement of land ownership ideology; by the late 1800s, Euro-Americans’ view of the natural world as physical matter spurred massive extraction of natural resources. The Cartesian duality persisted, but, given its dubious legacy, Native Americans question the wisdom of this interpretation of the natural world.
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Manus, Jolene Dezbah. "Reflections on Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's Anti-Indianism in Modern America : A Voice from Tatekeya's Earth and Her Influence on My Curatorial Librarianship". Wicazo Sa Review 36, n. 2 (settembre 2021): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wic.2021.a919174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Elizabeth Cook-Lynn's Anti-Indianism in Modern America: A Voice from Tatekeya's Earth asks Native Americans in university positions to critically reflect on how their work shows responsibility toward Native Americans in the university. Libraries and archives are foundational places where Native American students access information across disciplines that include Native American collections. The job of the curator of Native American Collections for the University of New Mexico, University Libraries, is to document how the library and archive will respectfully shape collections and make active efforts to contact tribes regarding cultural content in archival collections. Influenced by the scholarship and activism of Cook-Lynn, this essay reflects on the words of Cook-Lynn in the area of transforming library and archival practices to build more trustworthy relationships with Native American people and nations.
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Hartman, Michelle. "WRITING ARABS AND AFRICA(NS) IN AMERICA: ADONIS AND RADWA ASHOUR FROM HARLEM TO LADY LIBERTY". International Journal of Middle East Studies 37, n. 3 (22 luglio 2005): 397–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380505213x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Two years after naming himself a Black Man as opposed to an American in his 1964 expression of alienation from mainstream, white U.S. society, Muhammad Ali announced, “I ain't got no quarrel with the Viet Cong.” In doing so, he powerfully linked his racialized status in the United States to his unwillingness to fight a war against other similarly racialized, marginalized, and disempowered people. He thus embraced a message of Third World solidarity as a First World resident with a similarly subaltern status in “his own” country. The second epigraph shows Ali's effort to articulate his sense of belonging within the United States, thus pushing at the limits of both his “Black” and “American” identities. The two epigraphs demonstrate the contradiction in the way in which African Americans can be identified as both “Black” and “American” in the United States, here in statements by one of Black America's most iconic public figures. This paradox of African American identity will be explored in this article in relation to two Arabic literary texts: Adonis's “Qabr min ajl New York” (“A Grave for New York”) and Radwa Ashour's al-Rihla:ayyam taliba misriyya fi amrika (The Journey: The Memoirs of an Egyptian Student in America), both of which are particularly concerned with Black Americans and firmly rooted in the tradition of commitment literature, which sees them as brothers and sisters in solidarity with Third World struggles.
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Walczuk Beltrão, Ana Carolina. "Aquí no se habla Spanglish: the issue of language in US Hispanic media". Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses, n. 21 (15 novembre 2008): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/raei.2008.21.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A strong and still growing ethnic community in the United States, Hispanic Americans, with a common language but culturally diverse, have for years constituted a challenge for the media. How to communicate with them? With the development of Spanish-language print, broadcast, and cable outlets within American territory, communication became easier. Some of these media, however, have for years denied Hispanic Americans one of their most genuine forms of expression: namely, the use of Spanglish, a language generated by immigrants. The two major Hispanic American television networks in particular have adopted the policy of vetoing the use of Spanglish. The issue may be very upsetting for many Hispanic Americans who consume information on a daily basis. It becomes even more upsetting, then, when the same media also self-appoint themselves as “representatives of the Hispanic American population”. If the hybrid language is one of the few elements that indeed unite and represent the Hispanic group in America, shouldn’t these media rethink their practices? This is exactly what this article intends to answer, taking the case of Hispanic American television, from an initial description of Hispanics in America, to a closer analysis of the major media outlets available in the country.
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Salter, Sarah H. "A Hero and His Newspaper: Unsettling Myths of Italian America". MELUS 45, n. 2 (2020): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlaa019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Italian American ethnic identity has long been constituted by struggles and inequalities endured by Italians in post-unification rural Italy and their subsequent racialized oppression in urban centers of the US North in the era of mass migration. Until now, the presumed stability of mass migration identity has created the general terms for understanding Italian America. In this essay, a New Orleans microhistory illuminated through the 1849 newspaper Il Monitore del Sud, the first Italian-language newspaper published in the United States, reshapes foundational understandings of Italian American identity. The newspaper's antebellum account of New Orleans Italian America includes nationalist aesthetic expressions and political affiliations that American political discourse has not yet found an adequate language to describe and that Italian American studies has not yet confronted. In bringing this prehistory to light, my work with antebellum Italian Americans complicates understandings of multi-ethnic collectivity by examining how intercultural myth-making underwrites communal historiography. Together, the ethnic perceptions memorialized in Il Monitore del Sud and the power operations revealed in concurrent civic records expose how collective conditions of white supremacy come to be naturalized and forgotten, becoming history's flotsam. The creation of Italian America's communal historiography, I argue, shows us something larger about the operations of US white supremacy: how its emotional logic depends simultaneously on the exploitation of vulnerable others and the enactment of vulnerability from within the exploiting group.
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OSTENDORF, ANN. "Romani American history: Historical absences and their consequences". Romani Studies 34, n. 1 (5 giugno 2024): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/rost.2024.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
American historians have created an historical absence by ignoring Romani people’s presence in evidence from the past. The origins of this “absence-ing” are multifaceted and interrelated, but fundamentally stem from the continued influence of out-of-date and unprofessional ways of thinking and knowing. Examining and understanding “absence-ing” requires a consideration of the nature of the discipline of history as well as a history of the missing historicization of Romani Americans. The consequences of the “absence-ing” of Romani people from American histories have negatively and distinctively influenced four different groups of people: historians of the Americas; historians of Romani people in Europe; Romani studies scholars of the Americas who are not historians; and Romani Americans. The harm that each of these four groups experiences builds upon and influences the others. Epistemic injustice is thus perpetuated in linked ways. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .