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Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena. "Crime and Race: A Plea for New Ideas". Review of Black Political Economy 34, n. 3-4 (dicembre 2007): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12114-008-9016-0.
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A review of the economics of crime literature provides an unsatisfactory explanation of the higher crime rates among African Americans compared to crime rates for whites in the US. This address challenges economists, particularly African American economists, to come up with new and credible ideas to explain the observed crime differential that could influence policies to decrease crime in the African American community.
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Xayrulloyevna, Shamamedova Zinnat. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE DETECTIVE GENRE IN AMERICAN LITERATURE". International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, n. 03 (1 marzo 2023): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue03-06.
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The article is devoted to the historical aspect of the development of the American detective genre. Various approaches to the formulation of the rules for creating works in the detective genre are also considered. The plot of the crime and the role of law enforcement agencies in the disclosure and elimination of criminal cases in the modern detective genre are studied in detail.
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Berry, Bonnie, e Earl Smith. "Race, Sport, and Crime: The Misrepresentation of African Americans in Team Sports and Crime". Sociology of Sport Journal 17, n. 2 (giugno 2000): 171–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.17.2.171.
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Criminological literature and statistics show that African Americans are comparatively overrepresented in the United States criminal justice system. This study explores whether African American athletes are similarly overrepresented as criminally involved sports figures. Data abundantly illustrate that African Americans fare worse in all phases of criminal justice compared to whites. It has been speculated that African Americans, perhaps due to cultural influences or blocked opportunities, do commit more crime than other racial categories. There is equally strong reason to believe that the representation of African Americans in the criminal justice system is largely a result of racial bias on the part of social control agencies. Crime among athletes, regardless of race, can be explained through social forces, such as collective behavior, organizational influences, and social process. We conclude that African American athletes are socially expected to be engaged in crime and suggest a new approach to this area of study.
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Chalfin, Aaron, Jacob Kaplan e Maria Cuellar. "Measuring Marginal Crime Concentration: A New Solution to an Old Problem". Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 58, n. 4 (5 gennaio 2021): 467–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022427820984213.
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Objectives: In his 2014 Sutherland address to the American Society of Criminology, David Weisburd demonstrated that the share of crime that is accounted for by the most crime-ridden street segments is notably high and strikingly similar across cities, an empirical regularity referred to as the “law of crime concentration.” In the large literature that has since proliferated, there remains considerable debate as to how crime concentration should be measured empirically. We suggest a measure of crime concentration that is simple, accurate and easily interpreted. Methods: Using data from three of the largest cities in the United States, we compare observed crime concentration to a counterfactual distribution of crimes generated by randomizing crimes to street segments. We show that this method avoids a key pitfall that causes a popular method of measuring crime concentration to considerably overstate the degree of crime concentration in a city. Results: While crime is significantly concentrated in a statistical sense and while some crimes are substantively concentrated among hot spots, the precise relationship is considerably weaker than has been documented in the empirical literature. Conclusions: The method we propose is simple and easily interpretable and compliments recent advances which use the Gini coefficient to measure crime concentration.
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Moriconi, Marcelo. "From Transgression to Decriminalization: A Path to Promote Legitimacy, Inclusion, and Democracy in Latin America". Middle Atlantic Review of Latin American Studies 8, n. 1 (29 giugno 2024): 118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23870/marlas.424.
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Despite the extensive literature developed and published in recent decades on the causes of crime in Latin America and its solutions, data show that crime is consolidating and growing in the region. This essay warns that one of the crucial errors in much of that literature is the confusion between means and ends. Crime, like democracy,means to an end, and rather than good or bad, means are either effective or ineffective. Researchers have shown that in many Latin American countries, legality, as a categorical imperative and model of life, has lost legitimacy, truthfulness, and effectiveness, and transgression has become an admired value. Crime is closely related to this environment. Instead of debating the quality of democracies, this essay explains the importance of discussing the concept of worthwhile lives and reviewing the scope of legality in Latin America. We suggest that the premise of governing to include is crucially related to the need to redefine the scope of what is legal. And in that debate, the decriminalization of drugs is a central chapter. A pesar de la extensa literatura desarrollada y publicada en las últimas décadas sobre las causas del crimen en América Latina y sus soluciones, los datos muestran que el crimen se consolida y aumenta en la región. Este ensayo advierte que uno de los graves errores en gran parte de esa literatura es la confusión entre los medios y los fines. El crimen, como la democracia, es un medio para llegar a un fin, y más que buenos o malos, los medios son eficaces o ineficaces. Los investigadores han mostrado que en muchos países latinoamericanos, la legalidad, como imperativo categórico y modelo de vida, ha perdido legitimidad, veracidad y efectividad, y la transgresión se ha convertido en un valor admirado. El aumento del crimen está estrechamente relacionado con este entorno. En lugar de debatir sobre la calidad de las democracias, este ensayo explica la importancia de discutir el concepto de vidas dignas y revisar el alcance de la legalidad en América Latina. Sugerimos que la premisa de gobernar para incluir se relaciona crucialmente con la necesidad de redefinir el alcance de lo que es legal. Y en ese debate, la despenalización de las drogas es un capítulo central.
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Cardoso, Gabriela Ribeiro, e Julian Borba. "Violência e legitimidade democrática: um balanço da literatura sobre o contexto latino-americano". Sociedade e Estado 38, n. 1 (aprile 2023): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6992-202338010008.
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Resumo A América Latina concentra elevadas taxas de homicídio, o que coloca uma série de adversidades para as democracias em consolidação e pode fomentar retrocessos na legitimidade democrática. Neste sentido, o artigo dedica-se a aprofundar, na literatura internacional, os temas vitimização, medo do crime e legitimidade democrática na América Latina. Deste modo, o artigo está organizado em quatro seções: primeiramente, são destacadas as características gerais da literatura sobre medo do crime e a relação com a democracia. Na sequência, são abordados os estudos que conectam diretamente a vitimização e o medo do crime com aspectos políticos e, de modo específico, com a legitimidade democrática. A terceira seção aborda os mecanismos causais que podem favorecer os efeitos da violência na legitimidade democrática. Por fim, são apresentadas considerações gerais sobre a literatura pesquisada, bem como são levantadas questões para a agenda de pesquisa no contexto latino-americano.
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Bell, Daniel. "Crime as an American Way of Life". Antioch Review 50, n. 1/2 (1992): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4612495.
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Daniel Bell. "Crime as an American Way of Life". Antioch Review 74, n. 3 (2016): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.7723/antiochreview.74.3.0575.
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Davis, Patrick Edward. "Painful Legacy of Historical African American Culture". Journal of Black Studies 51, n. 2 (4 febbraio 2020): 128–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719896073.
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African Americans continue to experience significant difficulty integrating into mainstream American society. Research literature demonstrates that after decades of legislation designed to address African American socialization issues, African Americans continue to seem to be unable to pull many of their communities out of academic disparities, high unemployment, crippling poverty, and endemic crime. There appears to be historical ramifications and etiological determinants that explicate the challenges that confront African American communities. However, few researchers seem to understand the actual culture of African Americans. As such, counselors, educators, and policymakers are seemingly unable to devise and implement effective intervention strategies that appropriately attend to these endemic challenges. Thereby, explication of the historical “roots” and legacy of African American culture seems critical.
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Hasan Marwan Yahay Al Saleem. "Aspects of the Narratives of Slavery in the Afro-American Literature as Represented by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass’ Works". Creative Launcher 6, n. 3 (30 agosto 2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.3.21.
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Harriet Ann Jacobs’ Incidents in the life of a Slave Girl (1861) and Frederick Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave (1845) are two very significant works to show slave narratives Afro-American Literature. They provide many aspects in attempting to portray the complex sufferings and different kinds of frustrations, especially that the threat to the existence of their families and their rights as human beings in American society. The works present real stories and scenes lived by both writers in that dark era. The article makes a kind of comparison between them to highlight how both sexes suffered to the same extent. Jacobs represented the female side while Douglass represented the male side of black slaves in America through their works. The article aims to shed light on the brutal effect of slave and the crimes of the racist white American people upon these vulnerable people in a society of an ideal country in which the worst forms of racism are still practiced and the murder of George Floyd’s crime is not far from us. Therefore, it is the duty of the free people of the whole world to expose these heinous acts and work to prevent them and support the oppressed.
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Inge, M. Thomas, e Larry K. Hartsfield. "The American Response to Professional Crime, 1870-1917." American Literature 58, n. 2 (maggio 1986): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2925842.
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Luna Sellés, Carmen. "Moronga, by Horacio Castellanos Moya, and the Divergence of Latin American Noir". Forum for Modern Language Studies 56, n. 3 (1 luglio 2020): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqaa022.
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Abstract Taking Moronga (2018), by Salvadorian author Horacio Castellanos Moya, as a point of departure, this article focuses on the reinterpretation of mainstream crime fiction in Latin American terms. This new approach is made from both formal and thematic perspectives. Moronga is structurally fragmented; the traditional detective figure has disappeared, and the plot does not revolve around a single crime but denounces a society at large which is characterized by paranoid surveillance. The reinterpretation of the crime fiction genre in Latin American terms has opened up two different strands of noir: firstly, the so-called ‘post-neopolicial’ where crime is a mere backdrop to formal experimentation, and secondly, what Ricardo Piglia refers to as ‘ficción paranoica’ [paranoiac fiction]. Moronga is a good example of both these strands, making it an appropriate case study to analyse the ways in which Hispanic literature deviates from classic Anglophone crime fiction (particularly the North American hardboiled tradition).
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Slack, Anita J. "Book Review: Crimes of the Centuries: Notorious Crimes, Criminals, and Criminal Trials in American History". Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, n. 1 (23 settembre 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n1.57b.
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This three-volume set’s biggest strength is its unique focus. While many encyclopedias of crime exist, focusing on types of criminals, locations of crimes, and types of punishments, I have yet to experience a set that focuses on the notoriety of the crimes it discusses. The introduction details the philosophy employed by the editors in choosing the content for this set, noting that they sought crimes that are notorious in the sense of uniqueness, newsworthiness, and timeliness to other political, social, or cultural happenings. A quick search of Amazon confirmed my suspicion that scholarly reference work on these types of crimes has been a niche in the literature that has remained, until recently, largely unfilled.
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Dajnowicz-Piesiecka, Diana. "Prawne aspekty przeciwdziałania przestępczości kampusowej w szkołach wyższych w USA". Prawo w Działaniu 47 (2021): 82–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.4705.
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This article discusses the legal aspects of campus crime prevention in colleges and universities in the United States. The issue of campus crime has not yet been presented in the Polish legal writings. The author of this paper recognized the importance of expanding the knowledge on this subject given the importance of this topic in view of interesting solutions deployed by the American legislature. The paper presents selected symptoms of campus crime as well as the results of the analysis of four federal legal acts that aim at counteracting the problem of campus crime. The research was conducted using three research methods: a method of analysis and criticism of the legal literature, a dogmatic method and a method of analysis of secondary data. The research has led to a finding that, in the area of campus crime, the growing sexual and hate crimes pose a serious problem. However, the U.S. legislature is fighting against this phenomenon by requiring universities to strictly control campus crime by collecting information about each such case and informing the university community and the relevant law enforcement agencies as well as the U.S. Department of Education about it.
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Kilicheva, Mekhriniso Rajabovna. "POETICS OF WORKS ON LONELINESS IN AMERICAN AND UZBEK LITERATURE". Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, n. 5 (30 dicembre 2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/5/5.
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Introduction. Because the fundamental subject of literature is a human being, psychological states play an important part in the understanding and depiction of his feelings. Dream, terror, horror, death, loneliness, lie, trick, and mad are all lyrical notions that come to mind at this time. The study of their poetic expression, as well as the process of transitioning from an unaesthetic to an aesthetic occurrence, is today's critical literary topics. Loneliness is a versatile concept. Its causes, forms, manifestations, mental states and external factors are different. Therefore, it is studied in philosophy as a concept, in psychology as a psychological state, in medicine as a disease, in tasavvuf as a means of reaching God. Research methods. In the following article the poetics of literary works with the title of loneliness is analysed. Comparative-typological and psychological analysis of the image of lonely characters are the main methods used in our research. Results and discussions. The motif of loneliness has become not only a means of organizing the content of the work, but also a means of ensuring compositional integrity. Because the course of events, the mental state of the protagonist is directly related to the feeling of loneliness, and if loneliness is removed from the plot of the story, its composition is seriously damaged. Conclusion. When the word loneliness appears in the title of a work in both literatures, it rises to the level of leitmotif, providing the work's compositional integrity, uniting the events around it, and revealing the major concept. It is directly related to the work's principal theme and concept. The causes of the phenomenon of loneliness have been examined in terms of psychology, philosophy, and literary studies, and the following have been identified as the main reasons: the individual's inability to accept changes in the social system, the inability of the individual to agree with meaningless procedures in society, his moral and religious beliefs sharply different from those around him, problems with personal life, and a tendency to loneliness. Social situations such as poverty, mental illness, old age, unemployment, and crime cause the risk of loneliness.
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Zhang, Zhe, e Ashley Barr. "Gentrification and crime in Buffalo, New York". PLOS ONE 19, n. 6 (20 giugno 2024): e0302832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302832.
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Since the 1990s, gentrification has significantly changed American urban landscapes. Its implications for crime are under recent scrutiny, particularly in large cities like New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago. We extend this literature by focusing on the gentrification-crime link in the midsize city of Buffalo, New York using nine years of data from the American Community Survey and the Buffalo Police Department. Examining changes both within tracts over time and changes between gentrified and never-gentrified tracts, we find that gentrification is associated with reduced property crime and is not associated with changes in violent crime. More specifically, in comparing crime trends across tracts, we find that gentrified tracts show a trajectory of declining property crime that mirrors more advantaged tracts, while vulnerable-but-never-gentrified tracts show a U-shaped trajectory of property crime. Looking at within-tract changes, we find that years following gentrification of a given tract have lower property crime rates than years preceding gentrification, independent of the general reduction in crime over time. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the intersections between urban processes and crime.
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Dorne, Clifford, e Jeffrey Cass. "“Masters of the unverse”: Designing a class on crime in American literature". Journal of Criminal Justice Education 5, n. 2 (novembre 1994): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259400083221.
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Ritter, Erich H., e Brian Docherty. "American Crime Fiction: Studies in the Genre". South Central Review 8, n. 1 (1991): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3189311.
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Richards, George E. "The Security Survey: Creating A Proactive Foundation for Campus Crime Prevention". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 12, n. 1 (febbraio 1996): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104398629601200104.
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Crime on American campuses is an issue of concern to students, parents, staff and community leaders. While various methods of crime prevention and security have been initiated by campus communities, both large and small, little attention has been placed on the importance of the security survey as a vehicle for developing proactive crime prevention strategies and allocation of university resources. This article reviews applicable literature and substantively defines the necessary components for a campus security survey and its proper implementation.
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Dvorak, Ken. "Murder on the Reservation: American Indian Crime Fiction". Journal of Popular Culture 38, n. 5 (agosto 2005): 965–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2005.00155.x.
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Knežević, Jelena, e Aleksandra Nikčević Batrićević. "OFFENDERS, ADULTERESSES, AND MURDERESSES IN AMERICAN LITERATURE: FROM THE COLONIAL TO THE POSTMODERN ERA". Armenian Folia Anglistika 19, n. 2 (28) (23 dicembre 2023): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2023.19.2.161.
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This paper examines American female transgressors from the early colonial period to the late postmodern age and their representations in American literature. Its main aim is to identify the most relevant female offenders from each historical era and analyze how authors portray their characters in each literary work. Furthermore, it offers different insights into the social, cultural, political, and jurisprudential contexts of the murder cases of each female perpetrator under discussion. The paper also compares fiction to non-fiction literary texts and the similarities and differences contributing to a murderess’s standard representation. The representation of American transgresses is highly contingent on the literary genre of the texts, the type of offense, and the socio-cultural, historical, and ideological context of the time. What they have in common is that they murder people closely related to them. The opposing groups are single and double homicide committers, emotionally driven by victimization and vengeance, and emotionless serial killers, whose murder-prone behavior emanates from deviance. On the one hand, true-crime books offer unprecedented and controversial details about murderesses. On the other hand, crime fiction puts them into an imagined context. The most common depictions of female perpetrators are victimized women who suffer in a patriarchal society, romanticized femme fatales, or devilized mental health sufferers.
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Martynuska, Małgorzata. "Karin Slaughter’s Crime Novel "Blindsighted" as a Southern Forensic Thriller". Tematy i Konteksty 18, n. 13 (28 dicembre 2023): 412–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/tik.2023.26.
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The forensic thriller has emerged as a significant subgenre of crime fiction that depicts the work of medical examiners, coroners, forensic pathologists, and anthropologists who analyze scientific evidence. Forensic investigators do not engage directly in pursuing the criminal; instead, they interpret the physical evidence collected from the victim's body and the crime scene. The popularity of forensic fiction, film, and TV series has created the general assumption that criminalistics has become a routine police procedure. This article presents Karin Slaughter's novel Blindsighted as an example of the Southern forensic thriller. The American writer Karin Slaughter is the author of crime stories and thrillers set in the American South. Her Grant County series consists of six crime novels, beginning with Blindsighted and followed by Kisscut, A Faint Cold Fear, Indelible, Faithless, and Beyond Reach. The essay introduces the main qualities of a forensic thriller and highlights the novel's generic characteristics. Then, Blindsighted is analyzed within the paradigm of Southern regional literature, with its distinctive qualities and religious imagery.
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Van Hellemont, Elke, e James Densley. "If crime is not the problem, crime fighting is no solution: policing gang violence in the age of abolition". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 13, n. 2/3 (24 giugno 2021): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-12-2020-0561.
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Purpose In their 1999 classic, Crime is Not the Problem, Zimring and Hawkins changed the way criminologists thought about crime and violence simply by forcing us to distinguish between them. In so doing, they advanced an agenda for a more effective response to the real “crime” problem in America – violence. In this short commentary, the authors apply this logic to gang research and responses. The authors argue police fall short in responding to “gangs” because researchers and policymakers have defined them in terms of criminal behaviour writ large, not the problem that really needs policing – the precise social and spatial dynamics of gang violence. The purpose of this paper is to stand on the shoulders of others who have stated violence trumps gangs when it comes to policy and practice and provide a conceptual review of the literature that captures mainstream and critical perspectives on gangs and offers both sides some common ground to start from as they contemplate “policing” gangs with or without police. Design/methodology/approach A review of the extant literature. Findings The authors stand on the shoulders of others who have stated violence trumps gangs when it comes to policy and practice, to provide a conceptual review of the literature that captures mainstream and critical perspectives on gangs, in North American and European contexts, and offers both sides some common ground to start from as they contemplate “policing” gangs with or without police. Originality/value The paper is a conceptual piece looking at policing gang violence versus gang crime. The paper aims to restart the debate around the role of crime in gangs and gangs in crime. This debate centres around whether gangs should be understood as primarily criminal groups, whether “the gang” is to blame for the crime and violence of its members and what feature of collective crime and violence designate “gangness”. We use that debate to reflect past and current police practices towards gangs.
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BELAS, OLIVER. "Chester Himes's The End of a Primitive: Exile, Exhaustion, Dissolution". Journal of American Studies 44, n. 2 (19 febbraio 2010): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875809991393.
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The focus of this article is The End of a Primitive, the novel that marks Chester Himes's transition from a writer of protest to one of crime fiction. Drawing on archival research carried out in the United States, I advance two arguments. Firstly, the story told in the autobiographical Primitive is, in part, that behind Himes's leaving America for Paris in 1953. The novel, I argue, inaugurates a writing of exile that is continued in Himes's crime fiction, a writing through which, because of his literal and figurative distance from America, Himes came to feel more strongly his sense of national – that is, American – identity. Secondly, in Primitive Himes presents the reader with a formal breakdown of sorts, one that “clears the way” for the crime fiction (which, my archival research shows, Himes had begun writing before Primitive was finished). This breakdown – of the protest novel conceived in generic terms – also predicts the trajectory of Himes's hard-boiled crime novels. By signalling the generic exhaustion of protest fiction through the failure of “good” form, Primitive, as the end point of Himes's more generic protest writing, also anticipates the movement of the crime stories towards formal or generic dissolution, an indication, I suggest, of Himes's late belief that literature was in general an ineffective catalyst of social–political change.
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Bubíková, Šárka. "The destruction of the idyll: Linda Castillo’s and Jodi Picoult’s Amish crime fiction". Ars Aeterna 13, n. 1 (1 giugno 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2021-0001.
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Abstract The present article discusses recent developments in American crime fiction, namely the so-called Amish mysteries by Linda Castillo and Jodi Picoult. The aim is to show that although Castillo’s and Picoult’s fiction has been termed ethnic crime writing, the way these writers make use of the Amish setting does not serve the primarily educational purpose of raising awareness of a specific ethnic group as was the case with the older generation of ethnic crime writers (such as Tony Hillerman and P.L. Gaus). Employing Bakhtin’s idyllic chronotope (a concept most often critically applied to classic works1 but shown here as a versatile instrument for discussing genre literature as well) as a point of reference, the paper further analyses how the narratives invoke this familiar spatial model and initiate its violation. It is argued that the writers’ narrative strategies serve to achieve the sharpest contrast between the idyllic place of love, family and labour and the hideous crimes committed there, implying that idyllic rurality is either too fragile to be attainable or that its existence is a mere deception.
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Fishwick, Marshall W. "Murder on the Reservation: American Indian Crime Fiction". Journal of American Culture 28, n. 2 (giugno 2005): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2005.166_14.x.
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Manditch-Prottas, Zachary. "Never Die Alone: Donald Goines, Black Iconicity, and Série Noire". MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 48, n. 4 (22 novembre 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlad073.
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Abstract Depending on who you ask, Donald Goines is a pioneer of Black popular fiction or a purveyor of shoddy pulp. This duality is illustrative of an impasse between American intelligentsia and Goines’s folk readership. Goines wrote sixteen novels between 1971-74 that have remained in print for sixty years with sales in the millions. Yet Goines remains an understudied American author and unacknowledged in the transnational reach of his writing. This essay offers the first scholarly consideration of Donald Goines’s status as a transnational author. Specifically, I analyze Goines’s promotion and reception in America and France. I will focus on Goines’s two prime distributors: Holloway House Publishing, which debuted Goines’s novels as the premier works of its Black Experience Books imprint in the early 1970s, and Gallimard Publishing, which translated Goines’s work into French as part of its famed crime fiction imprint, Série Noire, in the 1990s and early 2000s. This transnational comparative approach draws on three archives: Holloway House’s promotional materials that endorse Goines as the unprecedented authentic authorial voice of American Blackness, an unexamined element of the Holloway House archive that promotes Goines as an internationally revered author, and the nearly unacknowledged materials of Goines’s French publisher Gallimard that situate Goines as an author of American noir. Holloway House’s shift in promotional tactics and Série Noire’s prioritization of Goines as an author of American noir has two telling implications. First, it exposes how the racially essentialist logic of Holloway House linked authorial experience and literary fiction to promote the “authentic” Black experience as tethered to criminality. Second, it situates Goines in an internationally recognized US tradition of crime fiction in a way still largely unacknowledged in the United States.
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Martin, Theodore. "War-on-Crime Fiction". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 136, n. 2 (marzo 2021): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s003081292100002x.
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AbstractThis essay tells the story of how the War on Crime helped remake American crime fiction in the 1960s and 1970s. Amid starkly racialized public anxieties about rising crime rates and urban uprisings, Lyndon B. Johnson officially launched the War on Crime in 1965. The cultural logic of Johnson's crime war infiltrated various kinds of crime writing in the ensuing decade. Tracking the crime war's influence on the police procedurals of Joseph Wambaugh; the Black radical novels of Sam Greenlee, John A. Williams, and John Edgar Wideman; and the vigilante fiction of Donald Goines and Brian Garfield, I argue that crime fiction in the War-on-Crime era emerged as a key cultural site for managing divergent political responses to a regime of social control that worked by criminalizing both race and revolt. By studying how novelists responded to the formative years of the War on Crime, we can begin to understand the complex role that literature played in alternately contesting and abetting the postwar transformation of the United States into a carceral state.
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Barsht, Konstantin A. "Christopher Columbus and the «Great River Orinoko» in the Genesis of Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment". Dostoevsky Journal 21, n. 1 (5 settembre 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23752122-02101001.
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Abstract In the Notebooks to Crime and Punishment, kept by Dostoevsky during 1864–1865, we find a calligraphic annotation «Orenoko» 1 and one abbreviated variant «Oren<oko>». While these two caligraphic entries appear to be accidental and without much bearing on the genesis of Crime and Punishment, in actual fact these entries are traces of an alternative conception of the novel with which Dostoevsky was working, which is connected with the question of the meaning of life and the philosophical journey of his heroes. The theme of South America figured prominently in these deliberations, represented by the River Orinoko (the second largest river of the South American continent, called the «Big River» by the Indians), by the figure and destiny of Christopher Columbus and by Daniel Defoes’s novel Robinson Crusoe. Dostoevsky’s letters and works testify to his abiding interest in the discovery of America, the slave trade, and the attempts of the followers of Fourierism to establish there a society along new just principles. This article investigates the traces of the theme of Orenoko, the discovery of America and Defoe’s novel in Dostoevsky’s works, with special emphasis on the Notebooks to Crime and Punishment The semantic nexus “Robinson Crusoe — Christopher Columbus” in its portrayal of one of the incarnations of a “positively beautiful man”, ready to pronounce his “new word” and advance the history of mankind, forms an expanded paradigm that includes the appearance of “uninhabited island” as the last refuge for a talented person not recognized and rejected by the crowd. Simultaneously, it depicts the genesis of Dostoevsky’s “artistic Word”.
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Rader, Nicole E., Sarah A. Rogers e Jeralynn S. Cossman. "Physical Health, Mental Health, and Fear of Crime Among College Students: A Consideration of Sex Differences". Violence Against Women 26, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2019): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219826749.
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This article examines how physical health and mental health affect college students’ fear of crime. Few studies have examined the influence of fear of crime on both objective and subjective measures of physical and mental health and—to our knowledge—none has examined how health measures vary by sex in the United States. In addition, most of the existing research targets older individuals, rather than college students. Using the ACHA-NCHA data set (American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment), we expand the fear of crime literature by examining both subjective and objective physical and mental health measures among college-aged men and women.
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Zhirova, M. Yu, e S. V. Kondratyuk. "Criminal-legal and criminological aspects of infanticide in the countries of the anglo-saxon system of law". Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, n. 4 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2022-4-18-27.
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The paper considers the criminal-legal and criminological aspects of killing by a mother of her newborn child (neonaticide crimes). The urgency of the research is caused by the application of the experience of foreign schools in the domestic legal science. The scientific thought of the Anglo-Saxon legal school has achieved considerable results in the sphere of preventing such social phenomenon as neonaticide; however, in the domestic scientific literature, these achievements did not find proper representation. The paper covers the study of neonaticide in the Anglo-Saxon scientific literature. The authors summarize the results of the studies covering the issues of classification and prevention of neonaticide in Anglo-Saxon law. Based on the provisions of Anglo-Saxon law, the authors review the terminology of this phenomenon. The paper analyzes the issues of state prosecution in the cases of neonaticide. The authors note the multiplicity of interpretations of the elements of this crime; identify the contradictions in American and English judicial practice. The study shows that the Anglo-Saxon legal system pays attention to the psychological state of a parturient woman and other elements of the subjective aspect of a crime. Minimizing the severity of criminal punishment for the neonaticide crimes taking into account the psychological state of a parturient woman contributes to strengthening the criminal protection of the life of newborns. The definition of the situation of the commission of a crime, the sequence of actions of a guilty person when preparing and executing the infanticide is valuable for the domestic science. In the structure of the way of committing a crime, the authors specify the actions of causing fatal injuries to a newborn, show the differences of this crime from the abandonment of a child in a helpless condition. Other actions specific to a neonaticide crime are specified. The authors conclude that for the domestic criminology, measures used in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system are applicable. Preventive measures include wide social assistance to women of reproductive age. To the opinion of scientists dealing with Anglo-Saxon law, compulsory education of young women on the issues of sexual health is an effective prophylaxis direction. Such prophylaxis direction is also applicable in the domestic practice.
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Rambsy, Howard. "A Prolific Black Crime Writer on the Father of Detective Stories". Poe Studies 56, n. 1 (2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/poe.2023.a909585.
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ABSTRACT: Marc Olden published nearly 40 books, including Black Samurai , which was adapted into a movie. Poe Must Die , arguably his most distinctly literary composition, expands views of African American literature as well as our understanding of how a Black writer engages Edgar Allan Poe in a work of fiction. This brief examination of the novel highlights the detection skills of two gifted writers: Poe and Olden.
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Ferraro, Vincent, e Saran Ghatak. "Expanding the Castle: Explaining Stand Your Ground Legislation in American States, 2005–2012". Sociological Perspectives 62, n. 6 (8 maggio 2019): 907–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419845877.
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Although studies have analyzed the effects of “stand your ground” (SYG) laws on violent crime, the question of why states are more likely to take measures to allow gun violence (albeit in self-defense) in the public sphere remains understudied in the literature. Using a fixed-effects event-history analysis of a panel of longitudinal state-level data for the period 2005–2012, we expand upon recent research by testing three competing perspectives on the adoption of SYG laws: group threat, political partisanship, and crime. Despite rhetorical framing of SYG laws as a means of self-defense from predatory criminals by gun-rights organizations, we find no effect of crime on the passage of SYG laws. Nor do we find evidence for group threat. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed. Instead, results support the political partisanship view, providing further evidence of the politicization of gun policy in the contemporary United States.
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Xiong, Lian. "American Crime Fiction: A Cultural History of Nobrow Literature as Art by Peter Swirski". ESC: English Studies in Canada 44, n. 3 (2018): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.2018.0022.
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Ikard, David. "PIMPING FICTIONS: AFRICAN AMERICAN CRIME LITERATURE AND THE UNTOLD STORY OF BLACK PULP PUBLISHING". Resources for American Literary Study 37 (1 gennaio 2014): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/resoamerlitestud.37.2014.0365.
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Lichtenstein, Bronwen. "Drugs, Incarceration, and HIV/AIDS Among African American Men: A Critical Literature Review and Call to Action". American Journal of Men's Health 3, n. 3 (9 luglio 2008): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988308320695.
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Incarceration and HIV/AIDS disproportionately affect African American men compared to the U.S. population as a whole. Disparities in relation to crime and HIV/AIDS for Black men suggest that these phenomena have elements in common, particularly given the mediating role of illicit drug use or drug activities in both cases. A socioecological exploration of how and why these twin epidemics intersect (and the role of drug-related activities as mediating variables) is needed illicit drug use or to address the impact of these epidemics on the health and well-being of communities of color. This article critically reviews relevant articles, research reports, and official statistics, as well as conceptual frames of reference for information on the socioecological synergies between crime, drugs, and HIV/AIDS. The article recommends five calls for action for policies to mitigate the cumulative negative effects of these epidemics and for interventions to enhance the life chances of at-risk Black men.
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Amat, Víctor Manuel Sanchis. "El hombre de Montserrat: writings on violence in the latin american crime fiction". Alea: Estudos Neolatinos 20, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-106x/2018201142160.
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Abstract: The article adresses the novel El hombre de Montserrat, written by the Guatemalan writer Dante Liano and recognized within the genre of crime fiction, as a precursory model for a narrative that established a way of rewriting the history of violence in Central American countries in both fictional and theoretical terms. Dante Liano’s successful reception has turned the novel into a reference of the Central American literature of the nineties. This is due to the fact that his narrative is replete with mechanisms that were seen in the best works of the previous Latin American narrative, far from the great discourses, by a displaying genre hybridization, a parodic transgression or lexical localism. This article analyses the interweaving of genres and the subversion of the plot, the characters and the rewriting of the history against the postulates of the classic detective novel.
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Gomme, Ian, e Anthony Micucci. "Loose Connections: Crime and Policing on the University Campus". Canadian Journal of Higher Education 27, n. 1 (30 aprile 1997): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v27i1.183295.
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This paper reviews literature on campus crime and security. It reports the findings of a case study of an in-house security force servicing a large postsecondary institution located in central Canada. Limited data on campus crime in Canada and the U.S. indicate that it is neither as frequent nor as serious as media and other reports suggest. Primary data on the demographic characteristics of security officers combined with information on recruitment, training, mobility, and job content point to the existence of occupational segmentation within this sector. The findings also underscore the prevalence of a professional crime control-oriented form of security provision and are consistent with those of recent Canadian and American studies of campus crime and policing. The need for future research on issues concerning illegality and security on university campuses is highlighted and policy recommendations addressing the transition to a more community-oriented approach are outlined.
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Nelson, Deborah. "Hard-Boiled Sentimentality: The Secret History of American Crime Stories by Leonard Cassuto". Twentieth-Century Literature 56, n. 4 (2010): 575–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0041462x-2010-1008.
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Barosky, Todd. "Legal and Illegal Moneymaking: Colonial American Counterfeiters and the Novelization of Eighteenth-Century Crime Literature". Early American Literature 47, n. 3 (2012): 531–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2012.0052.
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Jastrzębska, Adriana Sara. "Narkopowieść latynoamerykańska: rzeczywistość z Szekspirem w tle". Literatura i Kultura Popularna 27 (29 dicembre 2021): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0867-7441.27.14.
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Latin American literature is not rich in references to the works of Shakespeare, but rather focuses on its own tradition. The premise on which this article is based, however, is that the reality of the region displays Shakespearean characteristics.
The aim of this article is to present a subgenre, or a literary convention, known as a narconovel. The configuration of the represented world in this noir novel variant is determined by the drug trade with its far-reaching social and cultural implications.
The narconovel is an important part of the most recent literature in Colombia, Mexico, and other countries of the region. This article addresses associations and disassociations between the narconovel and the crime fiction convention, centering on Shakespearean motifs, related in this case to the concepts of power, crime, guilt, and punishment.
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Imoberdorf, Sebastian. "Beyond the Margins: Human Rights Against Undocumented Persons, Homosexuals, And Women in Inter-American Narrative". Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, n. 81 (2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2020.81.07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study is greatly based on article 7 of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” that states: “All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law.” Latin America is viewed as a place where injustices and atrocities tend to be the order of the day: violent processes of conquest and colonization, military dictatorships, drug trafficking, kidnappings, the increase in crime and insecurity, etc. Such violations have generated frequent waves of emigration (often irregular) to the United States where they seek protection and freedom but, too often, they find neither, thus producing a vicious cycle in the inter-American literature of US Latino authors. The focus is to examine three distinct groups: immigrants, homosexuals and women.
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Oikya, Upal Aditya. "Wartime Sexual Acts as Prosecutable War Crimes". DÍKÉ 2020, n. 2 (11 marzo 2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/dike.2020.04.02.08.
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Human history is littered with the mass rape of women particularly as a military strategy in warfare, dating back centuries from ancient Greek, Roman, and Hebrew concubines through the Middle Ages to the 20th century ‘comfort women’ of the 2nd World War. Ancient literature explicitly refers to rape or the seizure of vanquished women, who were regarded as the enemy’s property, to become wives, servants slaves, or concubines. The plight of women worsened in the twentieth century when civilian women suffered the most consequences of armed conflicts including rape. Rape served as an oppressive and humiliating tool to severe family identity to dominate, demoralize, and destroy the entire enemy society and way of life. In the past, there appeared to be no international law that specifically dealt with rape in armed conflicts. This was caused by the ambivalent relationship between the law of armed conflict and gender-based crimes. Rape was overlooked as an unfortunate yet inevitable by-product of war. Both international humanitarian and human rights laws did not initially recognize rape as a serious war crime and a fundamental breach of human rights. This deafening legal silence and gap are being addressed through an ongoing evolutionary process by criminalizing wartime predatory sexual acts as a war crime, crimes against humanity, and even genocide. However, with the developments of international law and its practice, for the first time in the history, mass rape and sexual enslavement in the time of war be regarded as ‘crimes against humanity’ in a landmark ruling from the Yugoslav War crime tribunal in the Hague on 22 February 2001. But, even before that, some prior legal instruments for example the Lieber Code, promulgated during the American Civil War regarded [wartime] rape as war crime with capital punishment. Thus, this paper aims to analyze how the historical legal instruments have articulated the extend of criminality and culpability of wartime rapes and other sexual violence and their nexus with crimes of humanity, genocide, and war crimes within the corpus of international norms and criminal prohibitions as well as the historical development of wartime sexual acts as prosecutable war crimes.
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Ethridge, Glacia, Angel Riddick Dowden e Michael Brooks. "The Impact of Disability and Type of Crime on Employment Outcomes of African American and Latino Offenders". Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 48, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.48.4.46.
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Individuals with criminal histories who struggle to gain employment may choose to turn to illegal activity or seek state and federal program assistance to support themselves and their families. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos with disabilities and criminal histories experience barriers (i.e., disability, criminal history, and race/ethnicity) that often prevent them from obtaining or maintaining competitive integrated employment. The purpose of this article was to examine the extant literature pertinent to disability and criminal history as employment obstacles among African American and Hispanic/Latino ex-offenders. As the foundation, the article categorizes employment outcomes for these target population by disability and criminal history, discusses how state vocational rehabilitation agencies can develop a criminal history service delivery model to improve employment outcomes, presents implications for improving employment outcomes, and explores future research.
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Alhassen, Maytha. "Jinn n’ (No Freshly Squeezed) Juice". American Journal of Islam and Society 27, n. 2 (1 aprile 2010): 130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v27i2.1339.
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Liquor stores, or more colloquially “corner stores,” in Detroit, Chicago, NewYork, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Washington, and other major metropolitancities located in economically under-served, urban, majority-black neighborhoodshave been purchased by Arab American and Arab immigrants over thelast two decades. In order to understand the relationship of place to religionand race, I intend to examine the dynamics of the encounter between African-American Muslims and Arab and Arab-American Muslims (mostly Yemeni)at various liquor stores in Oakland, where, according to the US Census(2000), African Americans compose 64 percent of the population.Complicated by an ethno-religious component, Yemeni Muslim liquorstore ownership concentrated in Oakland’s highest density, crime-ridden,black-dominant, and economically poorest neighborhoods, although aidedby literature, requires a new theoretical arsenal for approaching the conflict.Little scholarly attention has been paid to the demographic shift in ownershipand the resulting relations between the two groups. This essay is by nomeans an attempt to provide a comprehensive portrait or a theoretical foundation.Better described as a pilot study, my participant observations during ...
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Hollister, Lucas. "The Green and the Black: Ecological Awareness and the Darkness of Noir". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, n. 5 (ottobre 2019): 1012–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.5.1012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ecocritical thought presents serious challenges for political readings of crime fiction and noir, notably in French and American cultural contexts, and these challenges merit a broad examination. How does the Anthropocene change our relation to the frames of intelligibility and the definitions of violence found in crime fictions? The scalar problems introduced by the cosmological perspectives of ecological awareness suggest the need to redraw the frontiers of noir, to imagine new green-black readings that transform our understanding of what counts in and as a noir novel.
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Domínguez, Andrés. "Homicide rates and housing prices in Cali and Bogotá, D. C." Cuadernos de Economía 40, n. 83 (6 agosto 2021): 643–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v40n83.82495.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Currently, the list of most violent cities in the world is dominated by Latin American cities. In 2015, Cali registered 65 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. In Bogotá, the rate was 17 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, crime is not homogeneously distributed within the urban area, and literature indicates that the local response to crime affects the housing market. The objective of this paper is to estimate the relationship between housing prices and homicide rates in two Colombian cities: Cali and Bogotá. With the use of diverse sources of information and different econometric methodologies, we found that a 10% increase in homicide rates provokes a 2% decrease in housing prices in Cali and 1.8% in Bogotá.
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Eburne, Jonathan P. "The Transatlantic Mysteries of Paris: Chester Himes, Surrealism, and the Série noire". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 120, n. 3 (maggio 2005): 806–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081205x63877.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This essay examines Chester Himes's transformation, in 1957, from a writer of African American social protest fiction into a “French” writer of Harlem crime thrillers. Instead of representing the exhaustion of his political commitment, Himes's transformation from a “serious” writer of didactic fiction into an exiled crime novelist represents a radical change in political and literary tactics. In dialogue with the editor and former surrealist Marcel Duhamel, Himes's crime fiction, beginning with La reine des pommes (now A Rage in Harlem), invents a darkly comic fictional universe that shares an affinity with the surrealist notion of black humor in its vehement denial of epistemological and ethical certainty. Rejecting the efforts of Richard Wright and the existentialists to adopt an engaged form of political writing, Himes's crime fiction instead forges a kind of vernacular surrealism, one independent of the surrealist movement but nevertheless sharing surrealism's insistence on the volatility of written and political expression.
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Pecina, Jozef. "The Shadow and the dual-identity avenger tradition in American popular fiction". Ars Aeterna 12, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2020-0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractA secret identity is one of the definitional characteristics of comic-book superheroes. However, American popular literature had been populated by characters with secret identities long before the first superhero comics appeared. The crime-fighting dual-identity vigilantes enjoyed their heyday in the 1930s and 1940s, during the golden era of pulps. Selling usually for 10 cents, pulp magazines were the best source of cheap thrills and heroics. In this era, dozens of costumed avengers appeared and the most popular was undoubtedly The Shadow. Between 1931 and 1949, Street and Smith published more than three hundred stories featuring The Shadow, most of them written by Walter B. Gibson. In the late 1930s, several of the pulp conventions, including costumed avengers, were adopted by the creators of the superhero comic books, and The Shadow served as a main inspiration for Bill Finger’s and Bob Kane’s Batman. The article discusses the evolution of crime-fighting pulp heroes with a particular emphasis on The Shadow as the most influential dual-identity avenger of the era.
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Wilson, C. P. "Contemporary American Crime Fiction; Traces, Codes, and Clues: Reading Race in Crime Fiction; The Street Was Mine: White Masculinity in Hardboiled Fiction and Film Noir". American Literature 76, n. 1 (1 marzo 2004): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-76-1-196.
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