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Nyang, Sulayman S. "In Memoriam". American Journal of Islam and Society 3, n. 1 (1 settembre 1986): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i1.2900.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Think not of those who are slain in God’s way as Dead. Nay, theylive, finding their sustenance in the presence of their Lord;Holy Qur’an III:169
The Muslim World and the academic community in the United Stateswere shocked on the nineteenth day of Ramadan (Tuesday, May 27, 1986)when news reached them that Professor Ismail al Faruqi and his belovedwife, Lamya’, were assassinated by an intruder who broke into their homein Wyncote. Pennsylvania. This couple, whose dedication to the Islamicmessage is widely known among scholars and others working in the Muslimcommunity, played an important role in the dissemination of correctknowledge about Islam in the United States.A Palestinian by origin, Professor al Faruqi was born on January 21,1921.He attended elementary and secondary school in his native land of Palestineduring the British Mandate. After obtaining a first degree in Philosophyat the American University in Beirut, he served as the last Palestinian governorof Galilee during 1945-1948. After the creation of Israel, he migratedto the United States where he did graduate studies at Harvard and atIndiana University. His intellectual development later led him to al-Azharand McGill University.During his early years in the United States, Professor al Faruqi engagedin research on the Arab experience. One of his first books dealt with this.In the 1960s when the Muslim student population began to swell significantlyand a Muslim Student Association was formed by some dedicated youngMuslims who wanted to retain their cultural identity in the face of strongWestern cultural influences, Professor a1 Faruqi became one of thecounsellors to these young men and women searching for roots and tryingnot to be seduced from the sirat ul-Mustuqim (the path of righteousness).This involvement with the MSA was destined to be a lifelong engagement.During this period he addressed many MSA gatherings and attended manyseminars organized by the student leadership.As the number of Muslim professionals increased, Professor al-Faruqiand others began to think about Muslim professional organizations. Oneof these groups that received the attention of al Faruqi was the Associationof Muslim Social Scientists, which was founded in 1972. The founderselected al Faruqi as the first president. This organization soon emerged asthe primary intellectual vehicle in the social sciences for those Muslim scholarsand graduate students working in the American universities and colleges whowere committed to developing contemporary intellectual thought within theparadigm of Islam.By the late 1970s, Professor al-Faruqi, who had by this time earned aninternational reputation among young Muslims around the world, beganto work with the MSA and AMSS intellectual leaders on the idea of settingup an Islamic college or university. Thinking along this line led to two importantdevelopments in his life. The first was the founding of the AmericanIslamic College in Chicago which he headed but resigned from just before ...
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Weksler-Derri, Dan, Uri Shwed e Nadav Davidovitch. "Ethical Challenges in Participatory Research With Autistic Adults in Israel". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 14, n. 5 (13 luglio 2019): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264619858524.
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Contemporary calls for participatory research raise unique ethical questions. Our semi-participatory mixed-methodology study of the needs of autistic adults in Israel utilized an advisory committee of autistic persons. This article discusses three fundamental ethical issues that emerged in the study. First, employing formal diagnosis and legal guardian approval as inclusion criteria may result in the unjust exclusion of self-diagnosed autistics and those who are cognitively able to consent and participate. Second, adopting a participatory research approach does not in itself guarantee participatory justice; the representation of diverse groups from the community must be ensured. Finally, regarding autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a medical diagnosis requires indisputable confidentiality which may conflict with the personal choice to waive anonymity and be recognized by name. Researchers and ethical committees should take these ethical challenges into account when conducting and reviewing studies with and about autistic adults.
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Sperling, Daniel. "“Like a Sheriff in a Small Town”: Status, Roles, and Challenges of Ethics Committees in Academic Colleges of Education". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 16, n. 3 (30 marzo 2021): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15562646211005253.
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In recent years, Research Ethics Committees in academic colleges of education have constituted to review research proposals in the field of education. Yet, little is known about their work, composition, challenges, and relationships with external partners. This study explores the views and attitudes of 13 members and chairpersons of Research Ethics Committees in colleges of education in Israel, and two policy makers at the Ministry of Education about their roles, responsibilities, challenges, and limitations. Findings revealed an instrumental attitude towards the ethics committee. Committees are perceived as supportive rather than enforcing. Interviews shed light on the complex relationships between committee members, college lecturers/researchers, ethics regulators, and academic management. Moreover, the findings emphasized the lack of formal training and broad discussion on ethics. The study calls for strengthening committees’ raison d'être and the internalization of ethics among committee members, researchers, and lecturers in the field of education.
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GRAZI, RICHARD V., JOEL B. WOLOWELSKY e DAVID J. KRIEGER. "Sex Selection by Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for Nonmedical Reasons in Contemporary Israeli Regulations". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 17, n. 3 (21 maggio 2008): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180108080353.
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We report here on recent developments in Israel on the issue of sex selection for nonmedical reasons by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Sex selection for medical reasons (such as in cases of sex-linked genetic diseases) is generally viewed as uncontroversial and legal in European and American law. Its use for nonmedical reasons (like “balancing” the gender ratio in a family) is generally illegal in European countries. In the United States, it is not illegal, although in the opinion of the Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM), it is problematic. This position is undergoing reconsideration, albeit in a limited way.
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Omar, Yousef. "The United States Position towards the Battle of Al-Karameh and its Repercussions, March 21, 1968". ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2021): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-2-4.
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This paper explores the United States' position towards the battle for Al-Karameh and its repercussions on the 21 March 1968. It argues that even though American policy has always been completely biased in favor of Israel since Israel's founding on 15 May 1948, its position on the battle of Al-Karameh was at the time considered supportive of Israel, balanced with Jordan, and hostile to Palestinian organizations. The United States position in the research relies mainly on the documents of the US State Department (Foreign Relations of the United States FRUS) and on some of the minutes of the Israeli parliament (Knesset) sessions (Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee meetings). This research dealt with an introduction to the crystallization of the Palestinian resistance after the defeat of the Arabs in the Six-Day War of 1967 as well as the policy of the United States towards the region after this war, its position on the escalation of Palestinian resistance from inside Jordan, and the dialectic of Jordan's control of its territories and borders. It also dealt with the incident of the bombing of the Israeli bus on 18 March 1968, and the escalation of tension, which eventually led to Israel attacking Jordan in the battle for Al-Karameh on 21 March 1968, the initial American reaction to it, and the subsequent issuance of Security Council Resolution 248 and its implications. It further dealt with the official American position after the battle ended, its support for the efforts of the Jarring Peace Mission in the region, and its policy of balancing its positions between Israel and Jordan. In conclusion, reference was made to the most important results of the research.
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Fallace, Thomas. "Did the Social Studies Really Replace History in American Secondary Schools?" Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 110, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 2245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810811001007.
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Background/Context In recent decades, professional historians have made considerable efforts to reestablish influence over the teaching of history in American schools. This movement has rested upon a generally accepted historical narrative based on four assertions; first, that during the 1900s and 1910s, professional historians dominated the curriculum of most public schools; second, that this control was usurped by the “educationist” authors of the 1916 Committee on the Social Studies; third, that this report recommended social studies courses that amalgamated history and the social sciences to address current events and problems; and fourth, that over the course of the 1920s and 1930s, these amalgamated social studies courses replaced “straight” history in most American schools. Purpose The author challenges each of these assertions directly to present a more nuanced, accurate view of these years. Research Design Previous studies of this topic have tended to focus on the correspondence among professional leaders and/or the ideologies of the compilers of the Committee of Ten, Committee of Seven, and the Committee on the Social Studies (CSS) reports. While the author touches on these topics briefly as they relate to the four assertions above, the focus of this article is on some internal and external factors that have been overlooked, such as teacher qualifications, the content of textbooks, changing course enrollments, and the effects of the First World War. Findings/Conclusions The author argues that the transition from history to the social studies at the secondary level was not abrupt and that the social studies reform movement did not directly target discipline-based history. More important, he demonstrates that, at least through the 1930s, history courses were never fully displaced by amalgamated social studies classes. Therefore, the degree to which history and historians were “replaced” by the social studies and its advocates have been exaggerated in the present literature, and the use of words like, “abrupt,” “disappearance,” and “educationists,” have been misleading.
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Schuster, Paulette Kershenovich. "Balancing Act: Identity and Otherness among Latin American Immigrants and their Food Practices". Transnational Marketing Journal 4, n. 2 (31 ottobre 2016): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/tmj.v4i2.391.
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This article deals with the identity construction of Latin American immigrants in Israel through their food practices. Food is a basic symbolic element connecting cultural perceptions and experiences. For immigrants, food is also an important element in the maintenance of personal ties with their home countries and a cohesive factor in the construction of a new identity in Israel, their adopted homeland. Food practices encode tacit information and non-verbal cues that are integral parts of an individual’s relationship with different social groups. In this case, I recruited participants from an online group formed within social media platforms of Latin American women living in Israel. The basic assumption of this study posits that certain communication systems are set in motion around food events in various social contexts pertaining to different national or local cuisines and culinary customs. Their meaning, significance and modifications and how they are framed. This article focuses on the adaptation and acculturation processes because it is at that point that immigrants are faced with an interesting duality of reconstructing their unique cultural perceptions to either fit the existing national collective ethos or create a new reality. In this study, the main objective is to compare two different immigrant groups: Jewish and non-Jewish women from Latin America who came to Israel during the last ten years. The comparative nature of the research revealed marked differences between ethnic, religious and cultural elements that reflect coping strategies manifested in the cultural production of food and its representation in two distinct domains: private and public. In the former, it is illustrated within the family and home and how they connect or clash with the latter in the form of consumption in public. Combining cultural studies and discourse analysis, this article offers fresh insight into new models of food practices and reproductions. The article’s contribution to new food research lies in its ability to shed light on how inter-generational and inter-religious discourses are melded while food practices and traditions are embedded in a new Israeli identity.
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El-Hamamsy, Laila Shukry. "Planning and development of rural and semi-urban settlements". Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, n. 412-414 (1 giugno 2002): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269412-414400.
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The author, a cultural anthropologist, Professor Emeritus, Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, and a member of UNESCO's International Bioethics Committee and Egypt's National Bioethics Committee, after completing her Ph. D studies at Cornell University, has been for 25 years Professor and Director of the Social Research Center, American University in Cairo, while also acting as Senior Fellow, Population Center, Harvard University; Senior Visiting Associate, Population Program, California Institute of Technology; Research Project Director, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Geneva. Parallel to the above, she has been consultant for, and member of numerous international evaluation missions and expert committees of the UN Economic and Social Department, the UN Population Division, UNFPA, UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO and FAO. She has also been Secretary General of the Organization for the Promotion of Social Sciences in the Middle East; member of the Smithsonian Center for the Study of Man and of the Board of the International Union for Ethnological and Anthropological Sciences; member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE),of which she was Vice-President for four years. The various distinctions awarded to Dr El-Hamamsy for her overall scientific achievements include the Distinguished Alumni Award of the American University in Cairo and the President Award of the American Anthropological Association. The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.
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Zayatz, Laura. "Privacy and Confidentiality Resources". Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 4, n. 3 (settembre 2009): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jer.2009.4.3.33.
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Several organizations in the United States have a major interest in creating, testing, and using methods of data presentation that respect privacy and assure confidentiality. The following are among those that do so, and provide up-to-date information on these topics for the benefit of others who conduct human research: (1) The Committee on Privacy and Confidentiality of the American Statistical Association; (2) an interagency committee of the federal government, the Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology, and its subcommittees, the Confidentiality and Data Access Committee and the Committee on Privacy; (3) the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (University of Michigan), whose core mission is to archive important social science data, provide open and equitable access to data, and promote the effective use of data; and (4) Carnegie Mellon University's Department of Statistics, which has created an open-access online journal, the Journal on Privacy and Confidentiality. These resources are described, and URLs are provided to give readers web access to these resources.
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Leiter, Elisheva, Adi Finkelstein, Milka Donchin, Keren L. Greenberg, Osnat Keidar, Sima Wetzler, Sara Siemiatycki, Ronit Calderon-Margalit e Donna R. Zwas. "Integration of Mixed Methods in Community-Based Participatory Research: Development of a Disease Prevention Intervention for Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Women". American Journal of Health Promotion 34, n. 5 (3 marzo 2020): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117120906965.
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Purpose: To describe the development of the first disease prevention intervention with ultra-Orthodox Jewish (UOJ) women in Israel using mixed methods and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Design: This collaborative, 7-staged development process used an exploratory sequential mixed methods design integrated into a community-based participatory approach. Setting: The UOJ community in Israel, a high-risk, low socioeconomic, culturally insular minority that practices strict adherence to religious standards, maintains determined seclusion from mainstream culture and preserves traditional practices including extreme modesty and separation between the sexes. Participants: Women from a targeted UOJ community in Israel with distinct geographic, religious, and cultural parameters. These included 5 key informant interviewees, 5 focus groups with 6 to 8 participants in each, a cluster randomized sample of 239 questionnaire respondents (an 87% response rate), and 11 steering committee participants. Method: Qualitative data were analyzed through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis by 2 researchers. Quantitative data were collected via questionnaire (designed based on qualitative findings) and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics. Results: Barriers to health behavior engagement and intervention preferences were identified. The final intervention included walking programs, health newsletters, community leader trainings, teacher and student trainings, and health integration into schools. Conclusion: Utilizing mixed methods in CBPR improved cultural tailoring, potentially serving as a model for intervention design in other difficult to access, low socioeconomic, and culturally insular populations.
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Khalidi, Walid. "The Ownership of the U.S. Embassy Site in Jerusalem". Journal of Palestine Studies 29, n. 4 (2000): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2676563.
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One of the most difficult issues of the final status negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians is Jerusalem. The complexity of this issue has been compounded by U.S. actions to move its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and by allegations that the prospective site of the embassy is Palestinian refugee property confiscated by Israel since 1948. Evidence of Palestinian ownership of the 7.7-acre site-the subject of this report-was gathered by a group of Palestinians from the records of the United Nations Conciliation Committee on Palestine (UNCCP) in New York, the Public Records Office (PRO) in London, the U.S. State Department (DOS), the Jerusalem Municipality, the Israeli Land Registry Records (Tapu), the Israeli Ministry of justice, and heirs of the original owners. The research extended over a six-year period and involved some forty individuals. Although hampered by the inaccessibility of the site to surveyors and by Israel's rezoning and reparcellation of the land in question, the evidence yielded by this research shows that at least 70 percent of the site is refugee private property, of which more than a third is Islamic waqf (trust). On 15 May 1948, the last day of the Mandate, the site was owned by seventy-six Palestinians. On 28 October 1999, the American Committee on Jerusalem (ACJ) addressed a letter to Secretary of State Madeleine Albright outlining the results of this research and requesting a meeting to share the findings with the DOS. It was only on 28 December that the DOS replied to the effect that any data that the group had should be communicated to the DOS "to be kept on file." Given the grave implications of the embassy issue for the peace process and the credibility of the United States, the ACJ felt as a result of the correspondence that it had no alternative but to go public.
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Mansour, Waseem. "A comparative analysis of security issues in the new social media in the US-Israel election campaign". Przegląd Politologiczny, n. 3 (15 settembre 2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2021.26.3.2.
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This article presents the history of the use of social media in the election campaigns of politicians from the United States and Israel as a modern phenomenon in the current era due to technological changes in the global media. My article answers the research question: is there a difference in the strategy of using Twitter between Netanyahu and Obama, and what is this difference? It should be noted that many articles have dealt with social networks and the political use of social networks, but as far as I know, the topic of comparison and attempt to find differences in political campaigns between two leaders from the United States and Israel has not yet been investigated, and this is the goal of the article, I will focus on presenting data and information examining the allegations appearing in the official Twitter account of former Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu regarding security issues and the Iranian threat expressed in his Twitter tweets, so that he presents himself as “responsible for Israel and its citizens.” So he constantly presents the issue of national security as a winning card against his opponents in order to win the support of the far right electorate in Israel. Compared to the tweets of Obama the first president of the United States who used social media and especially presidential Twitter to win in support of the American electorate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and to win their economic and social contribution.
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Carle, Susan D. "Lawyers' Duty to Do Justice: A New Look at the History of the 1908 Canons". Law & Social Inquiry 24, n. 01 (1999): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1999.tb00791.x.
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This article examines a long-forgotten controversy about lawyers' duties to evaluate the justice of their clients' causes in civil cases that took place among the members of the Committee of the American Bar Association (ABA) that drafted the 1908 Canons of Professional Responsibility. The article presents an analysis of newly discovered internal working documents of this important, but never before examined, ABA committee, supplemented with primary historical research into the views and backgrounds of the committee's members. The article demonstrates how a clash of perspectives among these men—traceable in part to their backgrounds but also to their unpredictable allegiances to conflicting trends in legal thought at the turn of the century—prevented the committee from reaching a satisfactory resolution on the duty's to-do-justice issue. The committee members instead adopted ineffectual compromise language in the Canons, leaving us with a legacy of concealed ambivalence on the question of lawyers' “duty to do justice” in civil cases.
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Bandiera, Frank. "NIA Division of Behavioral and Social Research Priorities in Health Disparities". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1404.
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Abstract This presentation will include priority research areas in health disparities in the NIA Division of Behavioral and Social Research (BSR). It will include a portfolio analysis and description of BSR program and research in health disparities. Specifically, the 2019 BSR National Advisory Committee on Aging (NACA) recommended BSR’s number one research priority in health disparities. In 2020 BSR held a workshop on structural racism. BSR supports funding announcements in health disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias, sleep, Native American Health, and immigration among others. Key themes for BSR include racial disparities that often center on context and resources, that is, factors such as residential segregation, rurality, individual and neighborhood SES, and access to health care; persistent racial differences in chronic health conditions; disparities in health systems; immigration and nativity closely linked with race and health outcomes; and racial discrimination linked to poorer mental health and psychological stress.
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Levin, Jonathan, e James Poterba. "Amy Finkelstein: 2012 John Bates Clark Medalist". Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, n. 4 (1 novembre 2012): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.171.
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Amy Finkelstein is the 2012 recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal from the American Economic Association. The core concerns of Amy's research program have been insurance markets and health care. She has addressed whether asymmetric information leads to inefficiencies in insurance markets, how large social insurance programs affect healthcare markets, and the determinants of innovation incentives in health care. We describe a number of Amy's key research contributions, with particular emphasis on those identified by the Honors and Awards Committee of the American Economic Association in her Clark Medal citation, as well as her broader contributions to the field of economics.
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Costa, Laís de Miranda Crispim, Tânia Cristina Franco Santos, Luiz Otávio Ferreira, Antônio José de Almeida Filho, Regina Maria dos Santos e Elaine Lázaro Alcántara. "Project HOPE: American nurses in Brazil (1973)". Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, n. 4 (agosto 2018): 1956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0432.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the reality of nurses of Project HOPE and discuss the repercussion of their performance in relation to the reconfiguration of nursing in Alagoas State. Method: social-historical study, whose primary sources were documents filed in the Laboratory of Documentation and Research in History of Nursing, granted by this project; oral testimonies resulting from the transcription of interviews of US nurses and the VeNeta Masson's'logbook, coordinator nurse of the ship. The discussion of the data was based on Pierre Bourdieu's theory. The project was submitted to the Ethics Committee and approved by it. Results: The actions of the American nurses exposed the shortage of this type of professional in the area, as well as the precarious health conditions in the region. Conclusion: the symbolic capital of these nurses has contributed to the reconfiguration of the nursing field in Alagoas State.
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Nkqubela Aphiwe Jackson Ntloko. "Social workers' historical and contemporary understanding of the social development approach". People Centred – The Journal of Development Administration 8, n. 2 (30 giugno 2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i2.6.
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Colonialism and apartheid influenced South African social welfare policies. After South Africa gained political freedom in 1994, democratic social welfare laws like the White Paper for Social Welfare were implemented (1997). Despite democratic social development initiatives, poverty, unemployment, and inequality marginalise most South Africans. Eurocentrism dominates social work practice and education with significant proposals for higher education decolonisation and indigenisation. Participatory action learning action research approach was used for this study (PALAR). PALAR uses critical, transformational, and democratic research methods to build a social work practice approach for African social systems in South Africa. For this research, an Afrocentric social work practice model was co-constructed for South Africa by black social workers who were purposefully and conveniently selected. The objective was to understand social workers' historical and present conceptualisations of the social development approach. Preliminary findings imply that social development does not address structural inequalities in South Africa, such as race and the land question. For example, after a decade of its adoption, the approach has not significantly addressed large-scale poverty and unemployment. Social development in practice is welfarist, disempowering, not community-based, and insensitive to African culture. Social development services are not adequately integrated. Social development in South Africa towards social welfare is a miscarriage; lacks relevance and appropriateness outside the Euro-North American axis and remains Eurocentric in all aspects. The social development approach does not represent the African values system and nor relatable to the African social systems. South African social work needs to be reimagined. Indigenous knowledge systems need to take precedence to realise relevance of social work practice approaches in South Africa. An Afrocentric turn to social work practice for South Africa's relevance is a viable answer. How to cite this article using ASWNet style Ntloko, N. A. J. (2023). Social workers' historical and contemporary understanding of the social development approach. People centred – The Journal of Development Administration (JDA), 8(2), 48. Social Work and Development Student Conference (SWDSC), 16 June 2023. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jda.v8i2.6 Conference Abstract Social Work and Development Student Conference (SWDSC) Held on 16 June 2023, Day of the African Child (DAC) Organised by Africa Social Work and Development Network (ASWDN) Conference Organising Committee: Danzel Rademan, University of the Free State, South Africa (Chairperson); Atuhairwe Collins, Student, Master of Social Work, Makerere University, Uganda (ViceChairperson); Never Winnie James Sebit, South Sudan; Bachelor in Social Work, RCSS, India (Secretary); Tatenda Sukulao, Bachelor of Social Work, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe (Vice-Secretary); Norman T. Manyika, Student, Bachelor of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe (Committee member) and Takudzwa Banda, Bachelor of Social Work, University of Zimbabwe (Committee member). Visit journal website: https://jda.africasocialwork.net
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Egorova, Alexandra, e Daria Chigireva. "The influence of corporate governance factors on ESG rating of industrial and IT companies". Russian Management Journal 19, n. 4 (2022): 451–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu18.2021.404.
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The article examines the impact of сorporate governance factors on the еnvironmental, social, and governance rating in companies from industrial and IT sectors. The aim of this study is to identify and measure the impact of corporate governance factors on ESG rating in industrial and IT sectors. The research also includes a country-specific analysis: for European, Asian and American companies. The dependent variable is ESG rating — an indicator of the company’s compliance with environmental, social and governance standards. The paper considers observations of 80 companies since 2005 to 2020. The results of this study showed that the most significant practices in European companies are the presence of a policy of independence of the board of directors and an increase in the percentage of non-executive members. For Asian companies, corporate governance factors such as the presence of a policy of independence of the board of directors, an increase in the percentage of non-executive directors effect positively. For American companies, the following practices positively influence the ESG rating — the existence of a policy of independence of the board of directors and the corporate social responsibility committee and an increase in the percentage of women on the board of directors. In terms of sectors, the results showed that information technology companies are positively affected by an increase in the percentage of non-executive members, the presence of a corporate social responsibility committee, and an increase in average age. Also, if the chairperson is a woman the chances of getting a higher ESG rating increase. In industrial sector companies, the presence of a corporate social responsibility committee and a policy of independence of the board of directors, as well as the fact that the chairman was a CEO, are positively affected. These results can be used by companies to develop a plan to improve corporate performance.
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Blaikie, Piers. "Environment and access to resources in Africa". Africa 59, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160761.
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Opening ParagraphThis article has been written as a contribution to the future orientation of a research programme on the agrarian crisis in Africa, which has been set up by the Joint Committee on African Studies (JCAS) of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council. The aim of this article is to provide an agenda for research on the environment and access to resources in Africa and is one of four which both provide a review of some of the most important research issues and suggest ways in which they might be tackled.
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Pàmpols, Carles Feixa, e Maritza Urteaga Castro-Pozo. "Is There an Ibero-American “Youthology”? A Conversation". Youth and Globalization 1, n. 2 (2 dicembre 2019): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25895745-00102006.
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This article reproduces a conversation between Carles Feixa and Maritza Urteaga, researchers in youth studies, whose paths converge in the critical study of contemporary youth culture. Carles Feixa, PhD, is Professor of Social Anthropology at the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona) and holds a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the University of Manizales (Colombia). He was previously a lecturer at the University of Lleida, and has been visiting scholar in Rome, Mexico City, Paris, Berkeley, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile, Newcastle and Lima. He has also been a public policy consultant for the United Nations and VP for Europe of the “Sociology of Youth” research committee of the International Sociological Association. In 2017 he was awarded the icrea Academia Award by the Autonomous Government of Catalonia and an Advanced Grant from the European Research Council. Maritza Urteaga, PhD, is Research Professor at the National School of Anthropology and History in Mexico City, and a level ii member of the National System of Researchers in Mexico. This conversation reviews Feixa’s career, from its beginnings in the 80s to the present, to determine whether there is something that can be called Ibero-American “youthology”.
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Carsey, Thomas M. "Making DA-RT a Reality". PS: Political Science & Politics 47, n. 01 (29 dicembre 2013): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513001753.
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Calls for greater data access and research transparency have emerged on many fronts within professional social science. For example, the American Political Science Association (APSA) recently adopted new guidelines for data access and research transparency. APSA has also appointed the Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT) ad hoc committee to continue exploring these issues. DA-RT sponsored this symposium. In addition, funding agencies like the National Institutes for Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) have expanded requirements for data management and data distribution. These pressures present challenges to researchers, but they also present opportunities.
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Pasko, Oleh, Li Zhang, Nelia Proskurina, Natalia Ryzhikova e Yelyzaveta Mykhailova. "Does internal audit matter? Audit committee, its attributes, and corporate social responsibility reporting quality". Investment Management and Financial Innovations 21, n. 2 (10 aprile 2024): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(2).2024.06.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores the nexus between internal audit, audit committee attributes, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure quality in A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2019. Utilizing refined samples and robust datasets, this investigation reveals critical insights that a robust internal control system significantly correlates with higher-quality CSR disclosure, underscoring its pivotal role in safeguarding non-financial reporting integrity and enhancing transparency in CSR disclosures. Larger audit committees are positively associated with improved CSR disclosure quality. This highlights the strategic advantage of a diverse and expansive audit committee in navigating the complexities of CSR reporting. Contrary to expectations, the proportion of independent directors on the audit committee and the frequency of audit committee meetings do not show a significant positive relationship with CSR disclosure. Companies benefit from strategic investments in internal control systems, crucial for non-financial reporting integrity and fortified CSR disclosure practices. In conclusion, this study provides concise insights into critical factors influencing CSR disclosure quality in Chinese companies, offering actionable implications for corporate practices and regulatory frameworks. AcknowledgmentThis paper is co-funded by the European Union through the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) within the project “EU BEST PRACTICE OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING” – 101047667-ERASMUS-JMO-2021-MODULE https://jm.snau.edu.ua/en/eu-best-practice-of-life-cycle-assessment-social-envi­ron­mental-accounting-and-sustainability-reporting/ Oleh Pasko expresses sincere gratitude for the support from the Kirkland Research Program, generously provided by the Leaders of Change Foundation established by the Polish-American Freedom Foundation.
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Kranebitter, Andreas, e Fabian Gruber. "Allowing for Ambiguity in the Social Sciences". Serendipities. Journal for the Sociology and History of the Social Sciences 7, n. 1-2 (10 gennaio 2023): 30–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/serendipities.v7i1-2.132541.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper gives a micro-sociological view on the methodology used by Else Frenkel-Brunswik in the famous study The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno et al. 1950). A thorough reconstruction of the theoretical and methodological concepts of Else Frenkel-Brunswik eventually allows for a full appreciation of her works from a today’s social research perspective, especially of her role in the field of authoritarianism-research. The paper deals with (i) Else Frenkel-Brunswik’s role in the research team of The Authoritarian Personality, (ii) the way she followed up on her earlier work, (iii) the question of in which ways her parts of the study were object of criticism by the numerous critics of TAP, and (iv) the ways she herself responded to these critics. The material basis for such an approach is the archival material available in the “Archive for the History of Sociology in Austria (AGSO)” in Graz, Austria, which holds parts of the estate of Else Frenkel-Brunswik, most of all her correspondence and unpublished typoscripts of later publications, as well as at the Institute for Jewish Research (YIVO) in New York, which holds the papers of the American Jewish Committee, i.e., draft reports, memoranda, and some interview protocols of the TAP study.
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Tuaf, Hila, e Hod Orkibi. "Community-based rehabilitation programme for adolescents with mental health conditions in Israel: a qualitative study protocol". BMJ Open 9, n. 12 (dicembre 2019): e032809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032809.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionIn Israel, 12% of adolescents have mental health conditions. Approximately 600 adolescents with mental health conditions are hospitalised each year and about 40% of them return to the hospital and are thus cut-off from their daily lives and peers in the community. In contrast to adults, adolescents with mental health conditions in Israel are not eligible by law for rehabilitation services. Thus, the overarching goal of this qualitative study is to identify best practices for the implementation of community-based psychosocial rehabilitation programme for this population, by examining the first such programme in Israel. Amitim for Youth, which was established in 2018 by the Israel Association of Community Centers in cooperation with the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and the Special Projects Fund of the National Insurance Institute.Methods and analysisQualitative data will be collected through in depth semi-structured interviews and focus groups. To identify themes and patterns in the data, a six-stage reflexive thematic analysis approach will be used. A triangulation procedure will be conducted to strengthen the validity of the findings collected by different methods and from various stakeholders in the programme: the programme’s decision-makers, programme team members, the intended beneficiaries and referring mental health professionals. To insure the trustworthiness of the findings, three strategies will be employed: memo writing, reflexive journaling and member checking.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research in the Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences at the University of Haifa (#455–18) and by the Chief Scientist in the Ministry of Education (#10566). All participants will sign an informed consent form and will be guaranteed confidentiality and anonymity. Data collection will be conducted in the next 2 years (2019 to 2020). After data analysis, the findings will be disseminated via publications.
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Andrushchenko, Volodymyr L. "Fiscal Patriotism of Billionaires as Social Solidarity". Business Inform 8, n. 547 (2023): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2023-8-211-216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Taxation of the rich and wealth are among the hot topics of public interest. Using specific examples, the article highlights the latest initiative of a group of American multimillionaires to increase the level of tax rates for this super-rich category of taxpayers. Such an initiative can be considered a solidarity tax. Accordingly, the task was set to characterize the quantitative indicators of this initiative. The article is motivated by the striking fact that 400 American multi-billionaires possess a combined wealth worth 4.000 billion U. S. dollars! The role of the method of studying the problem was performed by the analysis of quantitative parameters and fiscal and administrative features of taxation of the rich. First of all, the results of the study consist in the interpretation of the multi-component concept of wealth as an object of taxation. The impossibility of a general income and property tax has been disclosed, such a tax exists only as an unrealized project. The fiscal and administrative reasons for the refusal of inheritance tax in 21 countries, including Austria, Canada, Sweden and Israel, are clarified. The arguments that property taxes harm the processes of creation of wealth and capital are presented, in connection with which in the United States the share of property taxes in the total amount of tax revenues has decreased from 42% to 14% compared to the beginning of the twentieth century. The most significant fiscal potential for strengthening taxation of the rich is found in taxes on income and profits. A quantitative and institutional analysis of existing wealth taxes in Norway and Switzerland is carried out. A serious fiscal-administrative problem with wealth taxes is the valuation of taxable assets. As for further research, wealth taxes have inexhaustible scientific and practical potential. The article substantiates the relevance of research on similar topics in Ukraine.
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Stewart, Jennifer M., Alexandra Hanlon e Bridgette M. Brawner. "Predictors of HIV/AIDS Programming in African American Churches: Implications for HIV Prevention, Testing, and Care". Health Education & Behavior 44, n. 3 (17 agosto 2016): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198116663695.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using data from the National Congregational Study, we examined predictors of having an HIV/AIDS program in predominately African American churches across the United States. We conducted regression analyses of Wave II data ( N = 1,506) isolating the sample to churches with a predominately African American membership. The dependent variable asked whether or not the congregation currently had any program focused on HIV or AIDS. Independent variables included several variables from the individual, organizational, and social levels. Our study revealed that region, clergy age, congregant disclosure of HIV-positive status, permitting cohabiting couples to be members, sponsorship or participation in programs targeted to physical health issues, and having a designated person or committee to address health-focused programs significantly increased the likelihood of African American churches having an HIV/AIDS program. A paucity of nationally representative research focuses on the social-, organizational-, and individual-level predictors of having HIV/AIDS programs in African American churches. Determining the characteristics of churches with HIV/AIDS programming at multiple levels is a critical and necessary approach with significant implications for partnering with African American churches in HIV or AIDS initiatives.
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Whalen, Robert K. "“Christians Love the Jews!” The Development of American Philo-Semitism, 1790-1860". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 6, n. 2 (1996): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.1996.6.2.03a00050.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Philo-Semitism is America's enduring contribution to the long, troubled, often murderous dealings of Christians with Jews. Its origins are English, and it drew continuously on two centuries of British research into biblical prophecy from the seventeenth Century onward. Philo-Semitism was, however, soon “domesticated” and adapted to the political and theological climate of America after independence. As a result, it changed as America changed. In the early national period, religious literature abounded that foresaw the conversion of the Jews and the restoration of Israel as the ordained task of the millennial nation—the United States. This scenario was, allowing for exceptions, socially and theologically optimistic and politically liberal, as befit the ethos of a revolutionary era. By the eve of Civil War, however, countless evangelicals cleaved to a darker vision of Christ's return in blood and upheaval. They disparaged liberal social views and remained loyal to an Augustinian theology that others modified or abandoned.
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Lianov, Liana S., Grace Caroline Barron, Barbara L. Fredrickson, Sean Hashmi, Andrea Klemes, Janani Krishnaswami, Jenny Lee et al. "Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles". Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, n. 3 (giugno 2020): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Lifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being. The Happiness Science and Positive Health Committee of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine aims to raise awareness about strategies for prioritizing emotional well-being. The Committee advocates for collaborative translational research to adapt the positive psychology and behavioral medicine evidence base into methodologies that address emotional well-being in nonmental health care settings. Another aim is to promote health system changes that integrate evidence-based positive-psychology interventions into health maintenance and treatment plans. Also, the Committee seeks to ameliorate health provider burnout through the application of positive psychology methods for providers' personal health. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine and Dell Medical School held an inaugural Summit on Happiness Science in Health Care in May 2018. The Summit participants recommended research, policy, and practice innovations to promote total well-being via lifestyle changes that bolster emotional well-being. These recommendations urge stakeholder collaboration to facilitate translational research for health care settings and to standardize terms, measures, and clinical approaches for implementing positive psychology interventions. Sample aims of joint collaboration include developing evidence-based, practical, low-cost behavioral and emotional assessment and monitoring tools; grants to encourage dissemination of pilot initiatives; medical record dashboards with emotional well-being and related aspects of mental health as vital signs; clinical best practices for health care teams; and automated behavioral programs to extend clinician time. However, a few simple steps for prioritizing emotional well-being can be implemented by stakeholders in the near-term.
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Duncan, Thomas K., Ronald Stewart, Kimberly Joseph, Deborah A. Kuhls, Tracey Dechert, Sharven Taghavi, Stephanie Bonne e Kazuhide Matsushima. "American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee review: Family Justice Centers—a not-so-novel, but unknown gem". Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 6, n. 1 (giugno 2021): e000725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2021-000725.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma requires that trauma centers demonstrate adequate financial support for an injury prevention program as part of the verification process. With the ongoing challenges that arise with important social determinants of health, trauma centers have the important task of navigating a patient through the complex process of obtaining services and tools for success. This summary from the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Prevention Committee focuses on a model that has been present for several years, but has not been brought to full awareness in the trauma world. It highlights the importance of the Family Justice Center concept that brings a multitude of organizations under one roof, thus eliminating the hurdles encompassed by trauma patients, seeking life-changing resources necessary to mitigate the impact of both community violence exposure and intimate partner/domestic violence. It discusses the potential benefits of a partnership between trauma centers and Family Justice Centers and similar models. Finally, it also raises awareness of important programmatic evaluation research required in the arena of injury prevention targeting a population whose outcomes are difficult to measure.
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Orwig, Marcy Leasum. "Persuading the Home Front". Journal of Communication Inquiry 41, n. 1 (21 settembre 2016): 60–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0196859916670149.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Government public relations are often viewed as propaganda. However, one’s own perspective has much to do with how the communications are perceived. One example of American propaganda is linked to World War I. While there has been research devoted to the patriotic posters and films of this era, other forms of media during this same time period have been largely overlooked. This article, therefore, presents research on the communications surrounding the “Knit Your Bit” campaign, which the American Red Cross conducted with help from the U.S. government-sponsored Committee on Public Information. The campaign persuaded knitters on the home front to knit for the troops using content in the major women’s magazine of the day: Ladies’ Home Journal. This article considers how the overlooked campaign contributed to efforts to generate patriotism during World War I and how social, political, and economic factors affected the communications.
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Uziely, Eran. "Professionals’ attitudes toward children’s participation: implementing educational reforms". Quality Assurance in Education 26, n. 4 (8 ottobre 2018): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-04-2018-0049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose In Israel, the decision which educational framework is most suitable for pupils with special needs is made by a placement committee. In January 2005, the eighth amendment of the Israeli Special Education Law determined that all pupils have the legal right to participate in their placement committee’s deliberations. This paper aims to examine the implementation of this liberal reform that let young people’s voices be heard. Specifically, the focus is on the attitudes of involved professionals (committee chairs, educational supervisors, teachers, etc.) regarding the law, and whether and in what ways their views influence the extent to which this law is implemented. Design/methodology/approach The research used an eight-step linear scale to investigate both the desired and actual levels of children’s participation in the committee’s discussions, as evaluated by professionals. In addition, the pupils’ satisfaction with the discussion process was evaluated, based on the professionals’ perceptions. Furthermore, the research analyzed which socioeconomic, cultural and occupational variables correlated with the degree of students’ participation in and satisfaction with the process. Findings The major finding was that many of the adults responsible for the implementation of the reform do not believe in its principles and are even opposed to child participation. In their discussions, child participation was poor. Originality/value The conclusion drawn from the study is that legislation alone is not enough when implementing a controversial reform. Spreading of this new social norm must be accompanied by efforts to promote the concept of child participation among the professionals who implement it.
32
Collomp, Catherine. "La Scuola di Francoforte in esilio: storia di un'inchiesta sull'antisemitismo nella classe operaia americana". MEMORIA E RICERCA, n. 31 (settembre 2009): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mer2009-031008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
- Between July and December 1944 the Institute for social research of Columbia University made known the results of a survey on anti-Semitism in the American working class carried out by the Jewish Labor Committee of New York. The results of the research confirmed the rooting of a few stereotypes and prejudices on Jews in some specific segments of the American working world: more widespread among "blue collars" rather than "white collars" and among the white population rather than the black. This form of anti-Semitism involved, paradoxically, also the workers of factories producing weapons to fight against the Third Reich. A form of anti-Semitism which did not stop with the end of World War II but turned, using the same mechanisms analyzed by migrant German sociologists, into a discrimination against communist militants.Parole chiave: Scuola di Francoforte, esilio, classe operaia, antisemitismo, razzismo, comunismo School of Frankfurt, exile, anti-Semitism, working class, racism, communism
33
Wall, Richard, e Lloyd Bonfield. "Dimensions of inequalities among siblings". Continuity and Change 7, n. 3 (dicembre 1992): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000001661.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In July 1991, thirty-five scholars met at the fourteenth-century Certosa of Pontignano in Siena for a three-day colloquium (jointly sponsored by the Economic and Social Research Council, the Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique and the Università degli Studi di Siena) on the topic of relationships between cadets et aînés, or younger and elder siblings. The geographical interests of the participants ranged from the frontier of the North American continent to the whole of the European, while their collective temporal expertise extended from biblical times to the present. The structure of the thematic sessions and the specific issues addressed in the course of the colloquium had been set out in countless early meetings of a ‘scientific committee’, comprising Georges Ravis-Giordani, Pier Giorgio Solinas, Martine Segalen, Lloyd Bonfield and Richard Wall. In large measure, the membership of that committee with respect to discipline and the scholarly agenda that it produced resembled the articulated goals of Continuity and Change. It therefore seemed appropriate that a selection of papers read at the meeting, and subsequently revised in light of the lively dialogue that followed the formal presentations, should provide the basis for the fifth special issue to grace the pages of this journal.
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Lorenzo, Cláudio. "Ethical Planning in Conducting a Research Project". Brazilian Journal of Clinical Medicine and Review 1, Suppl.1 (15 aprile 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52600/2965-0968.bjcmr.2023.1.suppl.1.17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Countries that still do not have a national normative document on research ethics, like most African and Latin American countries, have taken the Declaration of Helsinki as a reference for ethical guidance to researchers and members of ethics committees. However, the literature has shown that the latest revisions of this declaration have tended to favor the interests of central countries and their industries, mainly through the more flexible acceptance of greater risks and smaller benefits. Even when there are norms adequate to the reality of each country, the ethical planning of a research goes far beyond the simple bureaucratic fulfillment of the norms that guide the presentation of a protocol and a consent term to a research ethics committee. It presupposes an in-depth reflection on the methodological procedures themselves that will involve the participants and on the ways in which they interact with the socioeconomic and cultural contexts of these participants' daily lives. In developing countries, consideration of social vulnerability, especially with regard to poverty and low levels of education, is a central element in this planning. I intend to discuss this planning taking the three classic axes of research subject protection: obtaining consent, minimizing risks and maximizing benefits in their relationship with contexts of social vulnerability in three modalities of health research: those that handle information from identifiable subjects, such as clinical protocols; those using interviews and questionnaires; and clinical trials for new drugs.
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Чупрына, О. Г. "Dynamics of the Concept ELDERLY PERSON in American Institutional Discourse". Иностранные языки в высшей школе, n. 2(61) (29 agosto 2022): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.61.2.004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Целью представленного исследования является установление хронологически последовательных изменений в языковой концептуализации представлений о человеке пожилого возраста в американском институциональном дискурсе. Материалом исследования послужили тексты посланий американских президентов Конгрессу США 1908–1920 годов, официальные документы о пожилых людях общественных комитетов и комитетов Сената США за 1965, 2006 и 2019 годы. Тексты подвергались контент-анализу. Использован когнитивно-матричный метод. Установлены динамически меняющиеся когнитивные контексты EFFICIENCY, GOVERNMENT, JUSTICE, RIGHTS, HEALTH, ABUSE и подтверждена смысловая динамичность ядра матрицы. Результаты исследования расширяют теоретические основы изучения различных форматов знания, имеющих языковую репрезентацию. Материал и выводы, содержащиеся в работе, могут найти применение в курсах по дискурсивным практикам и дискурс-анализу, читаемых на уровне магистратуры и аспирантуры. The paper addresses the problem of language and discourse representation of ageing and the aged as a social issue and cognitive phenomenon, which has been understudied so far. Knowledge about the aged being multi-faceted, cognitive matrix approach is applied to the analysis of its linguistic implementation. The study is focused on American social institutions discourse devoted to the aged during the period from 1908 to 2006. The research material are texts of American Presidents’ Messages to the Senate and House of Representatives, Older Americans Acts, documents of US Senate Special Committee on Aging. Matrix analysis reveals that knowledge about the aged shaped during the first two decades of the XXth century was embedded into three cognitive contexts EFFICIENCY, GOVERNMENT, JUSTICE, by the end of the XXth — beginning of the XXIst century their number increased by another three contexts RIGHTS, HEALTH, ABUSE. In each context, meanings and senses are not rigid and vary with time. Meanings incorporated into the matrix core relate to the mental subject — the aged — and change from too old for work, service, or a position to older people of our nation. Material and research conclusions can be used in university courses on discourse practice and discourse analysis.
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Ward, Andrew Joseph, John Bell e Lindsey Jerkins. "Finding common ground: Aligning institutional and survivorship steering committee (SSC) goals." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n. 5_suppl (10 febbraio 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.80.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
80 Background: Developing a Survivorship program goes beyond providing survivorship care plans to patients upon completion of cancer treatment. Programs can take many forms; ranging from very robust with long-term follow-up to minimal, with patients returning to the primary care provider when cancer-specific treatment is complete. To develop our program at an academic medical center with 2900 annual new cancer patients, we chose to enlist a SSC of survivors to help shape our program. Methods: In addition to fulfilling the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Standard 3.3 requirements, we also desire to meet the needs of the patient. Thus, the survivorship program coordinator requested that providers within the Cancer Institute (CI) identify patients to form a SSC. 13 physicians contributed a total of 14 patients as candidates. Each patient was invited to participate and 7 accepted. The initial SSC meeting was held 6 months after initiation of our survivorship program. Results: SSC members represented 5 different primary malignancies and had varying degrees of experience within the treatment continuum. The initial meeting began with an overview of the current services available in the CI. Members were also given the opportunity to share treatment & survivorship experiences. Some of the SSC members utilized patient navigation during CI initial intake; others had experience with CI support groups. Some used ancillary services such as physical therapy, integrative health, financial counselors, and social services; others were not aware these services were available. A list of 4 categories of goals for program development was suggested with a meeting planned again in one year to review progress. Meeting one year later, the group determined progress was made in 3/4 (75%) of the goals. Conclusions: When creating a Survivorship program, patient goals should be considered and aligned with institutional and accreditation goals. One way to ensure that this is accomplished is to enlist front-end input from a SSC that represents a wide variety of treatment experiences and providers. In our experience, this strategy leads to alignment of patient and programmatic goals resulting in increased patient satisfaction and program quality.
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ISAAC, JOEL. "TANGLED LOOPS: THEORY, HISTORY, AND THE HUMAN SCIENCES IN MODERN AMERICA". Modern Intellectual History 6, n. 2 (agosto 2009): 397–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244309002145.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the first two decades of the Cold War, a new kind of academic figure became prominent in American public life: the credentialed social scientist or expert in the sciences of administration who was also, to use the parlance of the time, a “man of affairs.” Some were academic high-fliers conscripted into government roles in which their intellectual and organizational talents could be exploited. McGeorge Bundy, Walt Rostow, and Robert McNamara are the archetypes of such persons. An overlapping group of scholars became policymakers and political advisers on issues ranging from social welfare provision to nation-building in emerging postcolonial states. Many of these men—and almost without exception they were men—were also consummate operators within the patronage system that grew up around American universities after World War II. Postwar leaders of the social and administrative sciences such as Talcott Parsons and Herbert Simon were skilled scientific brokers of just this sort: good “committee men,” grant-getters, proponents of interdisciplinary inquiry, and institution-builders. This hard-nosed, suit-wearing, business-like persona was connected to new, technologically refined forms of social science. No longer sage-like social philosophers or hardscrabble, number-crunching empiricists, academic human scientists portrayed themselves as possessors of tools and programs designed for precision social engineering. Antediluvian “social science” was eschewed in favour of mathematical, behavioural, and systems-based approaches to “human relations” such as operations research, behavioral science, game theory, systems theory, and cognitive science.
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Andrushchenko, Volodymyr, Maria Rippa e Tetiana Tuchak. "Taxation of wealth and the rich as a social imperative". University Economic Bulletin, n. 55 (29 dicembre 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-55-119-126.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of the article is the problem of taxing the rich and wealth, which is among the topical topics of public interest. The study aimed to highlight the latest initiative of a group of American multimillionaires to increase the level of tax rates on this ultra-rich category of taxpayers. This initiative can be considered a solidarity tax. The task was to characterize the quantitative indicators of this initiative. The article is motivated by the striking fact that 400 American ultra-billionaires have a total wealth worth 4 thousand billion dollars! The role of the research method of the problem was carried out by analyzing the quantitative parameters and fiscal and administrative features of taxation of the rich. Results of work. First of all, the results of the study consist in the interpretation of the multicomponent concept of wealth as an object of taxation. The impossibility of a general income and property tax is revealed, such a tax exists only as an unrealized project. The fiscal and administrative reasons for the abandonment of the inheritance tax in 21 countries, including Austria, Canada, Sweden and Israel, are clarified. Conclusions. The arguments are presented that property taxes harm the processes of wealth creation and capital. For this reason, the share of property taxes in tax revenues has fallen from 42% to 14% since the beginning of the XX century. The most significant fiscal potential for strengthening the taxation of the rich are taxes on income and profits. A quantitative and institutional analysis of existing wealth taxes in Norway and Switzerland was carried out. A serious fiscal and administrative problem of wealth taxes is the valuation of taxable assets. The wealth taxes have very great, virtually inexhaustible scientific and practical potential.
39
Kryvokon, N. I., e O. H. Kryvokon. "Role of Jewish joint distribution committee in Ukraine reconstruction in 1920s". Studies in history and philosophy of science and technology 31, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2022): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/272218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The contribution of American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and its subsidiary corporation Agro-Joint to the socio-economic development and modernization of Ukraine in the 20s of the 20th century is highlighted. Based on the analysis of historical sources and publications of the Soviet press, it was found that during this period the mentioned organizations played an important role in the socio-economic processes that took place in South of Ukraine and in Crimea. This was connected with overcoming the consequences of the famine, restoration social structure and agriculture, as well as the organization of new Jewish agricultural colonies on allocated lands. The purpose of the study is to clarify the nature of the activities of Joint and Agro-Joint in the 20s of the 20th century in the social sphere and the agricultural sector and to evaluate the results of this activity from the perspective of today. As a result of the research, it was found that the main activity of Joint and Agro-Joint consisted in the organization of large-scale humanitarian, social, technical and agricultural assistance to the inhabitants of Jewish settlements and non-Jewish population of a number of districts in Odesa, Katerynoslav, Donetsk, Volyn provinces and Crimea. At the same time, special attention was paid to the development of associations, the arrangement of life and the supply of equipment, its rational use during agricultural work. It has been found that a public figure, agronomist, and then deputy director of Agro-Joint Samuil Yukhymovich Lyubarskyi (Shmuel-Aba Khaimovich) (1878–1938) played a major role in the organization of charitable and socially oriented aid. Based on the analysis of his article in «Ukrainian Agricultural Gazette» and other works, it was possible to establish hitherto little-known facts from the history of Joint Distribution Committee and Agro-Joint Corporation, which vividly characterize their humanitarian and restorative activities in the specified period.
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Siegelmann-Danieli, Nava, Carmil Azran, Yael Topol, Daniel Landsberger, Nicky Liebermann e Ariel Hammerman. "Is access to adjuvant treatments prioritized over therapies for metastatic cancer? The Israeli experience." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n. 16_suppl (1 giugno 2023): e18599-e18599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18599.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
e18599 Background: The Israeli National Insurance Law determines a uniform benefits package ('the Health Basket') for all residents. A public committee advises each year on which new medications should be added to the Health Basket, subject to the fixed annum budget allocated by the government for this purpose. The clinical benefit of the proposed health technologies is the committee's prime consideration; however, the committee also considers the professional medical societies' prioritizations, the expected budget impact, and other social and ethical aspects. Towards the annual discussions for 2023, 63 new indications for 41 cancer drugs were proposed for the annual update. Of those, 8 were for novel neo-adjuvant/ adjuvant indications, all given high priority ranks by the Israeli Oncologists Society based on the significant disease-free survival (DFS) figures from the phase III clinical trials. Varying the adjuvant treatment practice patterns based solely on DFS figures without available overall survival (OS) data has been in much debate recently between global key opinion leaders. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate whether the Israeli decision-makers have de-facto accepted the attitude of prioritizing budgets for adjuvant/neo-adjuvant therapies as the Israeli Oncologists Society recommended. Methods: We collected data on all cancer therapies proposed for inclusion in the 2023 Health Basket update; drug name, indication, treatment setting (curative intent vs. metastatic disease therapy), ESMO-MCBS grade, and whether or not accepted for reimbursement. All data were extracted from the official Israeli Ministry of Health website publications and press releases. Results: 20% of the allocated budget for updating the National Health basket for 2023 was provided to treat solid tumor cancers. 7 out of the 8 candidate therapies in the neo-adjuvant/adjuvant settings received reimbursement approval (88%) vs. 11 out of 55 therapies for advanced/ metastatic stages of disease (20%). 13 of the 16 candidate metastatic disease therapies that had a high ESMO-MCBS score (4 or 5) were not approved for reimbursement in the 2023 annual committee discussions. Conclusions: Our retrospective evaluation of the Israeli reimbursement prioritization process reveals that decision-makers have accepted the approach of prioritizing potentially curative adjuvant therapies over treatments for patients with incurable cancer. In an era of prosperity of adjuvant therapies in a range of tumor types, concerns might arise regarding restrictions on access to novel therapies for metastatic cancer, even those with proven benefits of significantly improving patients' OS and quality of life. Future analysis should determine the impact of this trend adopted by decision-makers in Israel on disease progression and overall survival in the real-world setting.
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Cornelius, MD, MA, Angela Pettit, Douglas Mark Char, MD, Constance Doyle, MD, Samantha Noll, MD, Vivian Reyes, MD, Jennie Wang, DO, MPH e Sharon E. Mace, MD. "Disparities in disaster healthcare: A review of past disasters". American Journal of Disaster Medicine 17, n. 2 (1 aprile 2022): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2022.0431.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To review the literature on the effects seen after disaster on those with poor social determinants of health (SDOH) and individual social needs.Design: The Disaster Preparedness and Response Committee of the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) formed a work group to study healthcare disparities seen in disaster. This group was composed of six physicians on the committee, all of whom have extensive background in disaster medicine and the chair of the committee. A systematic literature review regarding past disasters and all the healthcare disparities seen was undertaken with the goal of organizing this information in one broad concise document looking at multiple disasters over history. The group reviewed multiple documents regarding SDOH and individual social needs for a complete understanding of these factors. Then, a topic list of healthcare disparities resulting from these factors was composed. This list was then filled out with subtopics falling under the header topics. Each member of the workgroup took one of these topics of healthcare disparity seen in disasters and completed a literature search. The databases reviewed include PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Medline. The terms queried were disaster, healthcare disparities, disaster healthcare disparities, healthcare disparities associated with disasters, SDOH and disaster, special populations and disaster effects, and vulnerable populations and disaster effects. Each author chose articles they felt were most representative and demonstrative of the healthcare disparities seen in past disasters. These social determinant factors and individual social needs were then cross referenced in relation to past disasters for both their causes and the effect they had on various populations after disaster. This was presented to the ACEP board as a committee report.Results: All the SDOH and individual social needs showed significant negative effects for the populations when combined with a disaster event. These SDOH cut across age, race, and gender affecting a wide swath of people. Previous disaster planning either did not plan or under planned for these marginalized populations during disaster events.Conclusions: Disparities in healthcare are a pervasive problem that effects many different groups. Disasters magnify and more fully expose these healthcare disparities. We have explored the healthcare disparities with past disasters. These disparities, although common, can be mitigated. The recognition of these poor determinants of health can lead to better and more comprehensive disaster planning for future disasters. Subsequent research is needed to explore these healthcare disparities exacerbated by disasters and to find methods for their mitigation.
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Braswell, Michael, e Roger B. Daniels. "Auditing, Attestation, and Financial Reporting for an Early American Charity". Accounting Historians Journal 44, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2017): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10536.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Our study examines assurance and attestation practices of the Charleston Orphan House from 1790 to 1825 and represents a response to Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) call for research into the nature of stewardship and agency costs among nonprofits by providing evidence of the largely unexplored early American practices (Moussalli 2008; Sargiacomo and Gomes 2011). We document the origins of the assurance and attestation techniques used to legitimize the Charleston Orphan House and to minimize the agency costs faced by its public and private funders. We find that assurance and attestation practices were reflected in the routine publication of the Committee on Accounts reports that served as vital elements of a governance structure that enabled the municipality and philanthropists to monitor the financial condition of the institution. These oversight efforts helped minimize agency costs that naturally arose between the Orphan House and resource providers, making it possible for the City of Charleston and private funders to efficiently allocate limited resources to mitigate social costs of managing the post-revolutionary orphan problem. Our findings provide new insights into early assurance and attestation practices and support Alchian and Demsetz's (1972) conjecture that nonprofits face similar economic motivations for utilizing financial reporting, auditing, and attestation as monitoring mechanisms as do their profit-seeking counterparts.
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Shachat, Michael, Fang Hong, Yijing Lin, Helena Syna Desivilya, Dalit Yassour-Borochowitz, Jacqui Akhurst, Mark M. Leach e Kathleen Malley-Morrison. "Do state governments have the right to kill civilians to defeat international terrorism? Views from US, Israel and South Africa". Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 12, n. 2 (8 aprile 2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2019-0454.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This study aim to examine the themes of moral disengagement (MD) and engagement in reasoning regarding a putative governmental right to kill innocent civilians when fighting terrorism. Design/methodology/approach In total, 147 participants from Israel, 101 from the USA and 80 from South Africa provided quantitative rating scale responses and qualitative explanations about such a putative right. Qualitative responses were coded for presence or absence of indices of MD and engagement. Findings In ANOVAs by gender and country, men scored higher than women on rating scale scores indicating support for the right; there were no significant national differences on these scores. Chi-square analyses with the coded qualitative responses indicated more men than women gave morally disengaged responses, proportionately more South Africans than Israelis provided morally disengaged responses and proportionately more South Africans and Americans than Israelis provided morally engaged responses. Pearson correlation analyses indicated that MD was positively correlated with rating scale scores and moral engagement was negatively related to rating scale scores in all three countries. Research limitations/implications Regarding limitations, it is difficult to know how the omission of qualitative explanations of rating scale responses by many participants influenced the statistical findings – or how to interpret the more restricted level of qualitative responses in Israel and South Africa as compared to the USA. Social implications Programs designed to counteract MD have the potential for helping reduce support for war and its inhumanities across diverse nations. Originality/value This is the first study on MD to compare American, Israeli and South African perspectives on the justifiability of human rights violations in the war on terror. The findings go beyond earlier studies in finding gender differences in MD that occurred across three very different nations in three very different parts of the world.
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Umana, Etimbuk, Clare Mills, Hannah Norman-Bruce, Kathryn Wilson, Hannah Mitchell, Lisa McFetridge, Kerry Woolfall et al. "Applying clinical decision aids for the assessment and management of febrile infants presenting to emergency care in the UK and Ireland: Febrile Infant Diagnostic Assessment and Outcome (FIDO) Study protocol". BMJ Open 13, n. 9 (settembre 2023): e075823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionFebrile infants 90 days and younger are at risk of invasive bacterial infections (bacteraemia and meningitis) and urinary tract infections. Together this is previously termed serious bacterial infection with an incidence of approximately 10–20%. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance advocates a cautious approach with most infants requiring septic screening, parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics and hospital admission. Internationally, variations exist in the approach to febrile infants, with European and North American guidance advocating a tailored approach based on clinical features and biomarker testing. None of the available international clinical decision aids (CDAs) has been validated in the UK and Irish cohorts. The aim of the Febrile Infant Diagnostic Assessment and Outcome (FIDO) Study is to prospectively validate a range of CDAs in a UK and Irish population including CDAs that use procalcitonin testing.Methods and analysisThe FIDO Study is a prospective multicentre mixed-methods cohort study conducted in UK and Irish hospitals. All infants aged 90 days and younger presenting with fever or history of fever (≥38°C) are eligible for inclusion. Infants will receive standard emergency clinical care without delay. Clinical data and blood samples will be collected, and consent will be obtained at the earliest appropriate opportunity using research without prior consent methodology. The performance and cost-effectiveness of CDAs will be assessed. An embedded qualitative study will explore clinician and caregiver views on different approaches to care and perceptions of risk.Ethics and disseminationThis study was reviewed and approved by the Office for Research Ethics Committees Northern Ireland-Health and Social Care Research Ethics Committee B, Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care Scotland, and Children’s Health Ireland Research and Ethics Committee Ireland. The results of this study will be presented at academic conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT05259683.
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Jolijn Hendriks, A. A., Marco Perugini, Alois Angleitner, Fritz Ostendorf, John A. Johnson, Filip De Fruyt, Martina Hřebíčková et al. "The five‐factor personality inventory: cross‐cultural generalizability across 13 countries". European Journal of Personality 17, n. 5 (settembre 2003): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.491.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the present study, we investigated the structural invariance of the Five‐Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) across a variety of cultures. Self‐report data sets from ten European and three non‐European countries were available, representing the Germanic (Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands, USA), Romance (Italy, Spain), and Slavic branches (Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia) of the Indo‐European languages, as well as the Semito‐Hamitic (Israel) and Altaic (Hungary, Japan) language families. Each data set was subjected to principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation and orthogonal Procrustes rotation to optimal agreement with (i) the Dutch normative structure and (ii) an American large‐sample structure. Three criteria (scree test, internal consistency reliabilities of the varimax‐rotated components, and parallel analysis) were used to establish the number of factors to be retained for rotation. Clear five‐factor structures were found in all samples except in the smallest one (USA, N = 97). Internal consistency reliabilities of the five components were generally good and high congruence was found between each sample structure and both reference structures. More than 80% of the items were equally stable within each country. Based on the results, an international FFPI reference structure is proposed. This reference structure can facilitate standardized communications about Big Five scores across research programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Lieberman, Robert C. "Rejoinder to Mearsheimer and Walt". Perspectives on Politics 7, n. 2 (15 maggio 2009): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090793.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In their reply, Professors Mearsheimer and Walt focus quite reasonably on my two main claims: that their research methods are flawed and that their evidence is weak. But they begin, tellingly, by citing a range of indirect evidence that appears to depict a powerful “Israel lobby.” Lots of knowledgeable Washington insiders, they say—policymakers, journalists, candidates for office, and the like—say and do things that seem to acknowledge the “lobby's” power. I draw attention to this opening for several reasons. First, it is not clear how much weight some of this evidence will bear. Take, for example, the National Journal survey of members of Congress that Mearsheimer and Walt cite twice in their reply (and once in their book). In this survey, conducted once, in 2005, seventy-three members of Congress (out of 535—less than 15 percent) responded to the question, “Which two interest groups do you believe are most effective on Capitol Hill?” Of these respondents, thirteen (less than 20 percent of the sample) mentioned American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) as one of their two choices. It seems something of a leap from the observation that a dozen or so members of Congress said once that AIPAC is “effective” (which might mean any number of things) to the inference that AIPAC—or the lobby more generally—is powerful. Or take the observation that important politicians regularly address AIPAC's annual conference and make friendly speeches when they do. Surely these same politicians visit other such organizations regularly. And when they appear before, say, the AFL-CIO or the NAACP, surely they say nice things about the issues that these organizations and their conference attendees care about. Successful politicians rarely voice open disagreement with the people they are talking to. But are we to conclude from this behavior that the AFL-CIO and the NAACP, or any other groups that regularly receive such visits, are powerful? Again, this inference requires something of a logical leap.
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Deckers, Eric A., Marieke WJ Louwman, Schelto Kruijff e Harald J. Hoekstra. "Increase of sentinel lymph node melanoma staging in The Netherlands; still room and need for further improvement". Melanoma Management 7, n. 1 (maggio 2020): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/mmt-2019-0018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aim: To investigate implementation of the seventh American Joint Committee on Cancer melanoma staging with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and associations with socioeconomic status (SES). Patients & methods: Data from The Netherlands Cancer Registry on patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed for all stage IB–II melanoma cases diagnosed 2010–2016, along with SES data from The Netherlands Institute for Social Research. Results: The proportion of SLNB-staged patients increased from 40% to 65% (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that being female, elderly, or having head-and-neck disease reduced the likelihood of SLNB staging. Conclusion: SLNB staging increased by 25% during the study period but lagged among elderly patients and those with head-and-neck melanoma. In The Netherlands, SES no longer affects SLNB staging performance.
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Lee, Sang-Hwa, e Seong-Go Lee. "A study on the Architectural Characteristics of Sou Fujimoto in Ecological Thoughts". Residential Environment Institute Of Korea 20, n. 3 (30 settembre 2022): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22313/reik.2022.20.3.217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the 21st century, the ecological crisis has become a problem that cannot be left unattended any longer, and it is necessary to present and implement solutions in terms of science, technology, industry, and systems from the academic, industrial, national, and global perspectives.
In the field of architecture, the concept of ecological architecture was proposed in Germany in the 1970s. In the 1990s, Japan established Symbiotic Housing. The American Architects Association (AIA) established the Environment Committee in 1989 and the Green Building Committee in 1993, starting the Energy and Environmental Design Program in 1998.
In this study, researchers will examine the principles and concepts of architectural composition in terms of ecological ideas, and examine the orientation points not only in terms of overcoming the ecological crisis of the artificial environment but also in terms of emotion.
By analyzing 33 design concepts and 34 housing cases presented by Fujimoto architects based on social ecological classification, researchers will grasp the ecological meaning of primitive future, weak architecture, and natural motifs.
In this study, social ecology and Fujimoto architecture are considered relatively in life philosophy, and since the 1990s, environmentally friendly architecture has been developed numerically and technically while emphasizing sustainability as eco-friendly. However, further research was conducted, considering the importance of ecological perspectives in a more fundamental, fundamental and conceptual way. Therefore, it is thought that the ecological crisis can seek sustainability in terms of numerical and technological aspects.
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De Carvalho, Pedro Guedes. "Comparative Studies for What?" Motricidade 13, n. 3 (6 dicembre 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.13551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ISCPES stands for International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sports and it is going to celebrate its 40th anniversary in 2018. Since the beginning (Israel 1978) the main goals of the Society were established under a worldwide mind set considering five continents and no discrimination of any kind. The founders wanted to compare Physical Education and Sports across the world, searching for the best practices deserving consideration and applied on the purpose of improving citizen quality of life. The mission still stands for “Compare to learn and improve”.As all the organizations lasting for 39 years, ISCPES experienced several vicissitudes, usually correlated with world economic cycles, social and sports changes, which are in ISS journal articles - International Sport Studies.ISS journal is Scopus indexed, aiming to improve its quality (under evaluation) to reach more qualified students, experts, professionals and researchers; doing so it will raise its indexation, which we know it is nowadays a more difficult task. First, because there are more journals trying to compete on this academic fierce competitive market; secondly, because the basic requirements are getting more and more hard to gather in the publishing environment around Physical Education and Sports issues. However, we can promise this will be one of our main strategic goals.Another goal I would like to address on this Editorial is the language issue. We have this second strategic goal, which is to reach most of languages spoken in different continents; besides the English language, we will reach Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. For that reason, we already defined that all the abstracts in English will be translated into Chinese, Spanish and Portuguese words so people can find them on any search browser. That will expand the demand for our journal and articles, increasing the number of potential readers. Of course this opportunity, given by Motricidade, can be considered as a good example to multiply our scope.In June 2017 we organized a joint Conference in Borovets, Bulgaria, with our colleagues from the BCES – Bulgarian Society for Comparative Educational Studies. During those days, there was an election to appoint a new (Portuguese) president. This constitutes an important step for the Portuguese speaker countries, which, for a 4th year term, will have the opportunity to expand the influence of ISCPES Society diffusing the research results we have been achieving into a vast extended new public and inviting new research experts to innovative debates. This new president will be working with a wide geographical diverse team: the Vice President coming from a South American country (Venezuela), and the other several Executive Board members are coming from Brazil, China, Africa and North America. This constitutes a very favorable situation once, adding to this, we kept the previous editorial team from Australia and Europe. We are definitely committed to improve our influence through new incentives to organize several regional (continental) workshops, seminars and Conferences in the next future.The international research is crossing troubled times with exponential number of new indexed journals trying to get new influence and visibility. In order to do that, readers face new challenges because several studies present contradictory conclusions and outcome comparisons still lacking robust methodologies. Uncovering these issues is the focus of our Society.In the past, ISCPES started its activity collecting answers to the same questions asked to several experts in different countries and continents across the world. The starting studies developed some important insights on several issues concerning the way Physical Education professionals approached their challenges. In the very starting documents ISCPES activity focused in identifying certain games and indigenous activities that were not understood by people in other parts of the world, improving this international understanding and communication. This first attempt considered six groups of countries roughly comprehending 26 countries from all the continents.ISCPES has on its archives several seminal works, PhD proposals and program proposals, which constitutes the main theoretical framework considered in some textbooks printed at the end of the sixties in the XXth century.The methods used mostly sources’ country comparisons, historic development of comparative education systems, list of factors affecting those systems and a systematic analysis of case studies; additionally, international organizations for sports and physical education were also required to identify basic problems and unique features considered for the implementation of each own system. At the time, Lynn C. Vendien & John E. Nixon book “The World Today in Health, Physical Education and Recreation”, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1968, together with two monographies from William Johnson “Physical Education around the World”, 1966, 1968, Indianapolis, Phi Epsilon Kappa editions, were the main textbook references.The main landscapes of interest were to study sports compared or the sport role in Nationalisms, Political subsidization, Religion, Race and volunteering versus professionalism. The goal was to state the true place of sports in societies.In March 1970, Ben W. Miller from the University of California compiled an interesting Exhibit n.1 about the main conclusions of a breakfast meeting occurred during the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation. There, they identified thirty-one individuals, which had separate courses in “Comparative and/or International Physical Education, Recreation and Sports”; one month later, they collected eighteen responses with the bibliographic references they used. On this same Exhibit n.1 there is detailed information on the title, catalogue description, date of initial course (1948, the first), credit units, eligibility, number of year offer, type of graduation (from major to doctorate and professional). Concluding, the end of the sixties can be the mark of a well-established body of literature in comparative education and sports studies published in several scientific journals.What about the XXIst century? Is it still important to compare sports and education throughout the world? Only with qualitative methods? Mixed methods?We think so. That is why, after a certain decline and fuzzy goal definition in research motivations within ISCPES we decided to innovate and reorganize people from physical education and sports around this important theme of comparative studies. Important because we observe an increasing concern on the contradictions across different results in publications under the same subject. How can we infer? What about good research questions which get no statistically significant results? New times are coming, and we want to be on that frontline of this move as said by Elsevier “With RMR (results masked review) articles, you don’t need to worry about what editors or reviewers might think about your results. As long as you have asked an important question and performed a rigorous study, your paper will be treated the same as any other. You do not need to have null results to submit an RMR article; there are many reasons why it can be helpful to have the results blinded at initial review”.https://www.elsevier.com/connect/reviewers-update/results-masked-review-peer-review-without-publication-bias.This is a very different and challenging time. Our future strategy will comprehend more cooperation between researchers, institutions and scientific societies as an instrument to leverage our understanding of physical activity and sports through different continents and countries and be useful for policy designs.Next 2018, on the occasion of the UE initiative Sofia – European Capital of Sport 2018 we - Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES) & the International Society for Comparative Physical Education and Sport (ISCPES) - will jointly organize an International Conference on Sport Governance around the World.Sports and Physical Education are facing complex problems worldwide, which need to be solved. For health reasons, a vast number of organizations are popularizing the belief that physical education and sports are ‘a must’ in order to promote human activity and movement. However, several studies show that modern lifestyles are the main cause for people's inactivity and sedentary lifestyles.Extensive funded programs used to promote healthy lifestyles; sports media advertising several athletes, turning them into global heroes, influencers in a new emerging industry around sports organizations. Therefore, there is a rise in the number of unethical cases and corruption that influence the image of physical education and sports roles.We, the people emotional and physically involved with sports and physical activity must be aware of this, studying, discussing and comparing global facts and events around the world.This Conference aims to offer an incentive to colleagues from all continents to participate and present their latest results on four specific topics: 1. Sport Governance Systems; 2. Ethics and Corruption in Physical Education and Sports Policies; 3. Physical Education and Sport Development; 4. Training Physical Educators and Coaches. Please consider your selves invited to attend. Details in http://bcesconvention.com/
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Ferris, Stephen P., e Min-Yu (Stella) Liao. "Busy boards and corporate earnings management: an international analysis". Review of Accounting and Finance 18, n. 4 (11 novembre 2019): 533–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/raf-07-2017-0144.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Because of our limited understanding of the incidence and effect of board busyness globally, the mixed evidence of the effect of board busyness obtained in the USA and the divergence of international patterns of director busyness from that observed in the USA, the author contends that there is a strong need to examine board busyness from a global perspective. The literature, however, does not examine the effect of board busyness on reported earnings quality and certainly does not analyze it internationally. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to examine the effect of multiple board appointments on the quality of a firm’s reported earnings. Design/methodology/approach The research design for this study is empirical. It uses both univariate and multivariate statistical analysis to examine historical corporate accounting, finance and governance data. Findings Consistent with the busyness hypothesis of corporate governance, the author finds that firms with a higher proportion of busy independent directors or busy CEOs manage their earnings more extensively. Further, the findings of this study present that firms with a higher proportion of busy independent audit committee members have poorer financial reporting quality. Using a sample of American Depository Receipts (ADRs), this study determines that the ineffectiveness of busy boards regarding earnings management is mitigated by the listing regulations imposed by US exchanges. Research limitations/implications The author believes that this study offers new and important evidence regarding the debate whether busy directors provide knowledge, skill and corporate connections, or whether they are overextended and, thus, unable to fully perform their monitoring duties. This study shows that firms with busy directors are associated with poorer financial reporting quality and, consistent with the busyness hypothesis, are less effective as managerial monitors. Practical implications This study provides useful guidance regarding board design and the kinds of policies that firms should adopt regarding multiple boarding. Social implications The social implications focus on the public policy implications regarding the importance of effective corporate governance in the reporting of financial wealth, wealth creation and wealth management. Originality/value This is the first study that examines the relation between board/committee busyness and corporate earnings management using a comprehensive set of international firms. Second, the author expands the analysis of audit committee into a new dimension: committee quality as captured by the busyness of its independent members. This study also contributes to the ongoing debate in the corporate finance literature regarding the reputation and busyness hypotheses of multiple directorships.