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Harvey, David D. "Former American Businessmen in Canada, 1850-1981". Canadian Review of American Studies 16, n. 2 (maggio 1985): 155–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cras-016-02-02.
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Diebold, David K. "New European data laws concerning American businessmen". International Executive 32, n. 5 (marzo 1991): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.5060320506.
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Mizruchi, Mark S. "Corporations and the American Welfare State: Adversaries or Allies?" Studies in American Political Development 33, n. 1 (18 febbraio 2019): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x18000184.
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One of the most widely held views about American political life is that business is hostile to the welfare state. In the 1970s, David Vogel asked why American businessmen “distrusted their state.” Kim Phillips-Fein has written of the “businessmen's crusade against the New Deal.” Jane Mayer and Nancy MacLean have recounted the efforts of the Koch Brothers and their wealthy allies to remake American politics in a more conservative direction. What could be more uncontroversial than the view that American business is broadly opposed to government social policies?
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Chen, Shiwei. "The Making of a Dream: The Sino-American Expedition to Mount Amne Machin in 1948". Modern Asian Studies 37, n. 3 (25 giugno 2003): 709–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0300307x.
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For centuries, China has remained as a place in many Americans' shadowy dreams where fortunes and careers could be made through commerce, industry, religion, education, and adventure. American businessmen and their domestic backers appreciated China's richly endowed natural resources and its untapped market of 400 million customers, looking forward to making immense profits from business investment and commercial establishments. Since the arrival of the first American merchant ship, Empress of China, in Canton in 1784, generation after generation of American businessmen and adventurers landed in the Middle Kingdom to begin their enterprises by foreseeing a promising future for mercantile advantage. In this China drive, individual businessmen outside the U.S. government played a significant role in linking the two countries and peoples through a variety of activities. Some of them were particularly responsible for conveying their ideas, directly or indirectly, to government policy makers in Washington, exerting profound influence on the U.S. foreign policy toward East Asia. Some of them made great efforts to assist in the modernization of China by devoting their lives and resources, turning themselves into friends of China. Some of them, however, played games as adventurers seeking power and wealth in a fraudulent way and creating unexpected occasions for political confrontations and diplomatic conflicts in Sino-American relations. In all of these multi-dimensional interactions, China, a country too weak to control its own affairs in the nineteenth-century and the first half of the twentieth-century, provided a fantastic place for Americans to range freely, exercising their talents for good or evil to the fullest.
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Papazoglakis, Sarah. "“Feminist, Gun-Toting Abolitionist with a Bankroll”: the Black Radical Philanthropy of Mary Ellen Pleasant". New Global Studies 12, n. 2 (28 agosto 2018): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2018-0031.
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Abstract This article posits that philanthropy, most often identified with wealthy white American businessmen along the lines of Andrew Carnegie, has an alternative history whose central figures were black female liberators like Mary Ellen Pleasant, the “Mother of Civil Rights in California” who donated $30,000 to fund the Raid on Harper’s Ferry in 1859. Pleasant’s story subverts standard masculinist and implicitly white accounts of American philanthropy, envisioning underground financing by black proto-feminists as a radical tool for black emancipation in the Americas.
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Rosen, Christine Meisner. "Businessmen Against Pollution in Late Nineteenth Century Chicago". Business History Review 69, n. 3 (1995): 351–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3117337.
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In 1892, a group of Chicago's business leaders organized the Society for the Prevention of Smoke in the hope of persuading the city's business community to install equipment to control the black smoke pouring out of downtown chimneys and smokestacks. The following article uses an examination of the Society's activities to explore the diverse roles that business interests played in pollution control in American cities during the late nineteenth century. The episode reveals a panorama of business responses to smoke pollution which ranged from voluntary smoke abatement and strong support for regulation to indifference, reluctance, and organized resistance to efforts to impose controls. The author explores reasons why business interests responded in such diverse ways. She places the spectrum of responses evident in this episode within the broader context of business involvement in pollution control in Chicago and other cities in this period. She concludes by pointing out the need for additional research to explore the complex ambiguities of the role played by business in the history of the American environment.
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Tóth, Alexandra. "Nonverbal signs of dominance: a comparison of the perspectives in Hungary and the USA". InterConf, n. 31(147) (20 marzo 2023): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.03.2023.030.
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The key to success in the business world is effective communication. Nowadays we have a lot of information about what and how, when and in what kind of situation business people should say in order to successfully close negotiations, but we are even less aware of how to accompany what they say with the rest of their body, more precisely, how to use nonverbal communication in order to achieve negotiation success. In my research, I examined nonverbal behaviours that the American literature labels as dominant or submissive, comparing the perspectives of the Hungarian and North American business worlds. According to my assumptions, Hungarian businessmen value dominance signs as less dominant and submissive signs as less submissive, compared to US businessmen. 61 businessmen working in Hungary and 44 in the USA evaluated the signs of dominance and submission, using the scale of Dunbar for measuring dominance. All participants have been working at Hungarian or American multinational companies for at least three years and have been actively participating in negotiations within the company for at least one year. Comparing the answers of the two cultures, the Hungarian businessmen saw all seven dominant signs as less dominant, and they considered all three submissive behaviors less submissive. A possible explanation for this is that along Hofstede's dimensions, the two cultures differ in terms of indulgence, future orientation and uncertainty avoidance, which are all related to how important the expression of dominance is in the given culture: less in Hungary, more in the USA. In the following, I would like to use focus groups to compare the business negotiations of the two cultures, from the perspective of Hungarian businessmen.
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Cheape, Charles. "Not Politicians but Sound Businessmen: Norton Company and the Third Reich". Business History Review 62, n. 3 (1988): 444–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115544.
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The lengthy dispute about the role of big business in Hitler's Third Reich has generally portrayed business leaders either as instigators or as victims. The experience of Norton Company, an American multinational in Germany between 1933 and 1945, fits neither role. In this article, Professor Cheape demonstrates that Norton's German and American managers acted as outsiders compelled to play a part for their firm's long–run self–interest. As a result, Norton executives variously cooperated with, ignored, or violated Nazi policies, presenting a richer and more complex pattern of behavior than is usually pictured.
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May, Ann Mari, e Robert W. Dimand. "Women in the Early Years of the American Economic Association". History of Political Economy 51, n. 4 (1 agosto 2019): 671–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-7685185.
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We use the archives of the American Economic Association to examine the participation of women in the association from its foundation in 1885 to the Great Depression. Women participated actively in the formation of the association, contributed several monographs to its early publications, and won some of its early essay competitions. We find that the membership drives of 1900–1902 (aimed at academics and businessmen) and of 1909–13 (aimed at lawyers, bankers, and businessmen) neglected women interested in social causes and home economics as potential members. Together with the abolition of local branches, these first two membership drives diluted the role of women in the association. In contrast, the membership drive of 1922–26 reflected a growing interest in graduate students and young instructors that somewhat increased the proportion of women among members.
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Lin, Mao. "Traders as Diplomats: Trade and Sino-American Rapprochement, 1971-78". International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, n. 10 (26 settembre 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i10.2670.
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During the 1970s, U.S.-China relations went through a major strategic transformation. To oppose their common enemy, the Soviet Union, the two countries ended hostilities which lasted for more than two decades and became Cold War allies. Many scholars have discussed this major historic turning point, however, most scholars have focused exclusively on the strategic relations between the two countries, while ignoring bilateral economic and trade relations. This paper argues that trade relations actually constituted an important aspect of American foreign policy towards China. And the development of trade relations in the 1970s was mainly promoted by American businessmen. These American businessmen not only hoped to open the Chinese market, but also consciously regarded themselves as “unofficial ambassadors”, because they believed that trade will contribute to the improvement of the relations between the two countries. By developing trade with China, the United States expected to transform China into a market-oriented economy, and eventually change the political nature of the Chinese regime.
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May, Glenn Anthony. "Father Frank Lynch and the Shaping of Philippine Social Science". Itinerario 22, n. 3 (novembre 1998): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300009621.
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Although the United States granted the Philippines formal independence in 1946, American influence in the former colony did not disappear overnight. In the decades following independence, American policymakers continued to play key roles in Philippine politics; American businessmen, presidents, legislators, and bureaucrats and US-based international money lending agencies continued to have a considerable impact on the Philippine economy; and American popular culture continued to penetrate Philippine society and culture (as it did elsewhere). But perhaps no sector of Philippine society was as profoundly influenced by Americans as the academic one, and no subdivision of the Philippine academy bore the American imprint as visibly as Philippine social science. This paper examines the academic career, writings, institution-building efforts, and scholarly agenda of the US-born scholar who arguably had the greatest impact on post-war Philip- pine social science: Father Frank Lynch, a Jesuit professor of anthropology and sociology at Ateneo de Manila University.
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Maggor, Noam. "Politics of Property: Urban Democracy in the Age of Global Capital, Boston 1865–1900". Enterprise & Society 13, n. 4 (dicembre 2012): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700011459.
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The dissertation offers a new perspective on the transformation American capitalism in the late nineteenth century, with an emphasis on the urban and political dimensions of that momentous process. With Boston as a focal point, it examines the consolidation of a North American market by looking at the conflict between two groups of businessmen: the city's elite business class, led by merchants, bankers, and financiers, who sought to prioritize the imperatives of an interconnected continental economy, and a lower-middle-class coalition of shopkeepers, small manufacturers, and skilled workers, who espoused robust metropolitan development based on an expanded public sector and the proliferation of proprietary businesses. The dissertation explores the rival political economic visions of the two groups and their clashes in urban politics. It analyzes the battles they waged over fundamental policy questions such as municipal finance, tax reform, metropolitan integration, and the uses of urban space, interpreting them as competing political efforts to define the contours of the modern American economy.
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Romero, Sergio Ospina. "Ghosts in the Machine and Other Tales around a “Marvelous Invention”: Player Pianos in Latin America in the Early Twentieth Century". Journal of the American Musicological Society 72, n. 1 (2019): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2019.72.1.1.
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Gabriel García Márquez's literary portrait of the arrival of the pianola in Macondo in One Hundred Years of Solitude functions as a metaphor for the reception and cultural legitimization of player pianos in Latin America during their heyday in the 1910s and 1920s. As a technological intruder, the player piano inhabited a liminal space between the manual and the mechanical as well as between unmediated musical experiences and the mechanically mediated consumption of sounds. It thus constitutes a paradigmatic case by which to examine the contingent construction of ideas about tradition and modernity. The international trade in player pianos between the United States and Latin America during the first decades of the twentieth century was developed in tandem with the commercial expansion and political interventionism of the United States throughout the Americas during the same period. The efforts of North American businessmen to capture the Latin American market and the establishment of marketing networks between US companies and Latin American dealers reveal a complex interplay of mutual stereotyping, First World War commercial geopolitics, capitalization on European cultural/musical referents, and multiple strategies of appropriation and reconfiguration in relation to the player piano's technological and aesthetic potential. The reception of player pianos in Latin America was characterized by anxieties very similar to those of US consumers, particularly with regard to the acousmatic nature of their sounds and their perceived uncanniness. The cultural legitimization of the instrument in the region depended, however, on its adaptation to local discourses, cultural practices, soundscapes, expectations, language, gender constructions, and especially repertoires.
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McDonald, Robert A. J. "The Business Élite and Municipal Politics in Vancouver 1886-1914". Urban History Review 11, n. 3 (25 ottobre 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019011ar.
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This paper explores the direct and indirect involvement of top businessmen in Vancouver municipal politics from 1886 to 1914. It emphasizes the divergent political aims and roles of large and small entrepreneurs. In Vancouver, unlike Winnipeg, small businessmen rather than the business élite controlled municipal politics. The Vancouver business élite's direct participation in civic politics and indirect influence over municipal decision making were both circumscribed after the initial city-founding period by several factors: business pressures mounted as Vancouver's economy became regionally based, forcing top businessmen to devote their undivided attention to business affairs; limited legislative benefits were to be derived by leading businessmen from formal participation in the day-to-day administration of local government; and voters' deference to business élite views declined once the city's institutional structure had been organized. A government reform movement, aimed at reasserting élite influence in civic politics, was less successful in Vancouver than in many other American and Canadian centres because Vancouver's underlying economic, social and political conditions made reform less necessary.
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Miller, Rory. "British Investment in Latin America, 1850–1950 A Reappraisal". Itinerario 19, n. 3 (novembre 1995): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300021318.
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For forty years much of the research on Britain's relationship with Latin America has been dominated by a rather narrow agenda, the boundaries of which were established by radical and conservative writers in the middle third of the twentieth century, just when Britain's role in Latin America was rapidly declining. Essentially this was a debate about power, that of British governments and businessmen on the one hand and Latin American governments and elites on the other. More recently, however, younger historians have begun to break free of the confines established by those writing in the 1950s and 1960s. As a result there is some hope that new research on this topic may offer more of interest to non-specialists and contribute to other historical debates, both in British and Latin American history. The purpose of this historiographical essay, which is based primarily, but not entirely, on the research undertaken in Britain during the last twenty years, is to review the recent literature on British investment in Latin America, and to investigate some of the implications of what we now know about the subject for our understanding of the evolution of Latin American societies.
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Kahm, Howard, e Hanmee Na Kim. "Playing with Power: American Businesspeople, Diplomacy, and Electricity in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century Korea". Journal of Korean Studies 29, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-10948670.
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Abstract Henry Collbran and Harry Bostwick were the most successful American businessmen in Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While they are well known for constructing the Seoul-Inch’ŏn railroad, the Seoul waterworks, and the streetcar system, their backgrounds and how they carried out their activities have not been deeply examined. Foreign businesspeople like Collbran and Bostwick possessed the technology and capital that Korea needed for modernization, but they had to navigate the volatile dynamics of domestic politics and international relations in the era of multilateral imperialism (1882–1905). This article argues that as Korea transitioned away from traditional East Asian diplomatic relations to Western-style diplomacy, Collbran and Bostwick functioned as unconventional nonstate actors who positioned themselves as unofficial American representatives to advance their business interests. While Collbran and Bostwick leveraged their position to extract the greatest possible benefits from the Koreans through mechanisms like high-interest debt traps, Emperor Kojong and Korean officials simultaneously sought to tie the American businessmen to Korea through diplomacy traps tied to concessions. These dynamics were particularly clear in the early electrification of Korea and the establishment and dissolution of the Seoul Electric Company.
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Rittenhouse, Jonathan. "Building a Theatre: Sherbrooke and Its Opera House". Theatre Research in Canada 11, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/tric.11.1.71.
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After fruitless attempts by local politicians and businessmen to build an Opera House in Sherbrooke, the American entrepreneur F.M. Clement succeeded in 1901 where others had failed. This essay situates the building of this theatre in terms of both the specific local context and the broader issues of theatre touring and commercialisation.
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Tarbeev, Igor. "Transfer of Ideas in Soviet-American Relations at the Turn of the 1960—1970s (Based on the Example of the Expert Activity of the Institute for US Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR)". ISTORIYA 12, n. 6 (104) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016257-1.
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Recordings of conversations between Soviet amerikanists (experts for US studies) and American scientists, politicians, public figures, and businessmen became an important information source for experts and for the Soviet party leadership. In the late 1960s — early 1970s these conversations played the role of an informal channel connecting representatives of American and Soviet elites through the Institute for US Studies of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Using the theory of cultural transfer and the methodology of social constructivism, the author of this article conducts a detailed analysis of an information note that was sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU by the Institute for US Studies in 1969. The note is a recording of a conversation between amerikanists and American businessman Charles Thornton. It contains Thornton’s statements about the perception of the USSR in the United States; Soviet economic development and American-Soviet cooperation opportunities; American principles of management and organization of production. The American experience became a reference for the USSR in the context of détente and the ongoing economic reform. The ideas evoked a potent reaction among the Soviet party elite. There are a lot of marks in the margins of the note made by readers from different departments of CPSU. However, despite the favorable environment and official’s interest, the note was not discussed, and no specific decisions were made. This case-study allows us to raise a number of questions about the Soviet-American transfer of ideas, the image of the United States in the USSR, and the process of making domestic and foreign policy decisions.
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Tuffnell, Stephen. "Anglo-American Inter-Imperialism: US Expansion and the British World, c.1865–1914". Britain and the World 7, n. 2 (settembre 2014): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2014.0147.
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This article examines the overlooked synergy between American economic expansion and British imperialism in the late nineteenth century. The established scholarship on American empire in this period focuses on the domestic origins of US expansion into the markets of the Western Hemisphere. This article contends, however, that informal American expansion was shaped by external collaborations with the British World. Between 1865 and 1914, an American “colony” of expatriate businessmen emerged in London that is central to this study. The American “colony” integrated itself within the social and economic networks upon which British imperialism depended and mediated new inter-imperial collaborations. Migrants, knowledge, and investment flowed through these intersections, shaping the geography of American expansion around the global footprint of the British World. A snapshot of the pharmaceutical firm Burroughs Wellcome & Co. spotlights these processes, highlighting the mutual imbrications of the British and American empires and the inter-imperial reciprocities sustaining late-nineteenth century globalisation.
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Santamarina, Juan C. "The Cuba Company and the Expansion of American Business in Cuba, 1898–1915". Business History Review 74, n. 1 (2000): 41–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116352.
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The Cuba Company was the largest single foreign investment in Cuba during the first two decades of the twentieth century and remained one of the largest corporations. This article presents a detailed history of the commercial networks forged between political officials and North American and Cuban businessmen through the development of the company. These networks proved crucial to the success of the Cuba Company and subsequently shaped the development of the new Cuban Republic.
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Uekoetter, Frank. "Divergent Responses to Identical Problems: Businessmen and the Smoke Nuisance in Germany and the United States, 1880–1917". Business History Review 73, n. 4 (1999): 641–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116129.
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This article counters a common misconception that business was universally opposed to air pollution control at the beginning of the twentieth century. In comparing the reaction of German and American businessmen to smoke abatement efforts before World War I, it shows that behavior was primarily shaped by national culture, rather than by a general desire to “externalize costs.” German smoke abatement did not meet significant resistance from industrialists, with regulation being based on a general consensus of all parties involved—a process which turned out to be as much a chance for abatement as it was an impediment for reforms. The American business community was split into two factions: those opposed to smoke abatement because they feared additional costs and the intrusion of factories by officials, and others, frequently organized in Chambers of Commerce or similar civic associations, who took a broader perspective and argued that the economic prospects of their city were at stake. The ultimate success of the latter group was largely due to changes in strategy, which allowed businessmen to develop a more positive attitude toward smoke abatement while simultaneously increasing the effectiveness of regulation. Business, therefore, should not be viewed as an inevitably “negative force” in environmental regulation.
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Mayer, David N. "Completing the American Revolution: The Significance of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged at its Fiftieth Anniversary". Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 9, n. 2 (2008): 191–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41560359.
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Abstract In 1961, Ayn Rand called for "a moral revolution to sanction and complete the political achievement of the American Revolution." Through her novel Atlas Shrugged and the philosophy it presents, Rand shows what must be done to complete the unfinished American Revolution. This essay, written to commemorate the book's fiftieth anniversary, discusses the historical background necessary to understand how Atlas Shrugged accomplishes this purpose.It explains how and why the Revolution was incomplete—focusing on the law's failure to fully protect the rights of businessmen—and suggests how to achieve the "moral revolution" needed to complete the Founders' work.
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Mayer, David N. "Completing the American Revolution: The Significance of Ayn Rand's Atlas Shrugged at its Fiftieth Anniversary". Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 9, n. 2 (2008): 191–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaynrandstud.9.2.0191.
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Abstract In 1961, Ayn Rand called for "a moral revolution to sanction and complete the political achievement of the American Revolution." Through her novel Atlas Shrugged and the philosophy it presents, Rand shows what must be done to complete the unfinished American Revolution. This essay, written to commemorate the book's fiftieth anniversary, discusses the historical background necessary to understand how Atlas Shrugged accomplishes this purpose.It explains how and why the Revolution was incomplete—focusing on the law's failure to fully protect the rights of businessmen—and suggests how to achieve the "moral revolution" needed to complete the Founders' work.
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Robins, Roger. "The political turn in American Pentecostalism: prophets, healers, businessmen, and the lure of Christian America". International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 23, n. 4 (2 ottobre 2023): 407–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1474225x.2023.2281139.
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Peacock, Margaret. "Cold War consumption and the marketing of childhood in the Soviet Union and the United States, 1950-1960". Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 8, n. 1 (15 febbraio 2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-05-2015-0015.
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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between childhood, consumption and the Cold War in 1950s America and the Soviet Union. The author argues that Soviet and American leaders, businessmen, and politicians worked hard to convince parents that buying things for their children offered the easiest way to raise good American and Soviet kids and to do their part in waging the economic battles of the Cold War. The author explores how consumption became a Cold War battleground in the late 1950s and suggests that the history of childhood and Cold War consumption alters the way we understand the conflict itself. Design/Methodology/Approach – Archival research in the USA and the Russian Federation along with close readings of Soviet and American advertisements offer sources for understanding the global discourse of consumption in the 1950s and 1960s. Findings – Leaders, advertisers, and propagandists in the Soviet Union and the USA used the same images in the same ways to sell the ethos of consumption to their populations. They did this to sell the Cold War, to bolster the status quo, and to make profits. Originality/Value – This paper offers a previously unexplored, transnational perspective on the role that consumption and the image of the child played in shaping the Cold War both domestically and abroad.
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Leonard, Thomas M. "Central America and the United States: Overlooked Foreign Policy Objectives". Americas 50, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007262.
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Since the fall of Nicaragua's Somoza dynasty in 1979, nearly 900 books dealing with Central America have appeared. They repeat the themes of imperialism, paternalism, and security that traditionally have characterized studies about Central America and its relations with the U.S. The imperialist theme is pursued by Walter LaFeber's Inevitable Revolutions and Karl Berman's Under the Big Stick. They assert that the United States economically exploited and politically controlled Central America in general and Nicaragua in particular. A sense of moral righteousness is found in Tom Buckley's Violent Neighbors and Richard Alan White's The Morass while the security theme is pursued by John Findling in his Close Neighbors, Distant Friends. Histories about Central America reinforce these themes. For example, the Dean of the U.S. Central Americanists Ralph Lee Woodward, Jr., and Costa Ricans Edelberto Torres-Rivas and Hector Pérez-Brignoli, and Honduran Mario Argueta demonstrate that the American businessmen capitalized upon the ignorance of region's elite for their own economic gain. Despite their diversity, all of these volumes demonstrate that the United States dominated the relationship and criticize it for so doing.
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Mianani, Sindhy Sintya. "AMERICAN DREAM AS REFLECTED IN DAVID MAMET�S GLENGARRY GLEN ROSS". International Journal of Humanity Studies (IJHS) 3, n. 1 (29 agosto 2019): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijhs.v3i1.1975.
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David Mamet is one of the greatest modern American playwrights whose works have dominated the stages during the twentieth century. His work entitled Glengarry Glen Ross is a great echo of the world about the businessmen in the United States. This study is devoted to the analysis of David Mamets Glengarry Glen Ross based on Marxism point of view, in which it focuses on the power praxis portrayed within its story. By so, this study scrutinizes how American Dream creates unethical and immoral American corrupted society in Mamet's Glengarry Glen Ross and how the notion of American Dream is being challenged. The findings of this study show that the salesmens choices, preferences, wants and desires are affected by ideological practices. These ideological practices represent the production of corrupted ideology for the notion of American Dream is being reduced and merely an utopian notion. Thus, eventually, David Mamets Glengarry Glen Ross displays a deeper conception that the salesmen or working class people in general, are the subjects of the capitalism.DOI:10.24071/ijhs.2019.030109
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Pedersen, Diana. ""Building Today for the Womanhood of Tomorrow": Businessmen, Boosters, and the YWCA, 1890-1930". Articles 15, n. 3 (21 agosto 2013): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018017ar.
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Women's organizations played an active part in the Progressive movement for the reform of North American cities in the early twentieth century. Women reformers could and did cooperate with men but had their own distinct perception of the city and their own definition of urban reform. Lacking capital and political power, however, women were forced to depend on the support of male reformers and had to address themselves to the men's concerns. This study examines the relationship between the Young Women's Christian Association and Canadian businessmen as it was manifested in a number of successful fund-raising campaigns for YWCA buildings in Canadian cities between 1890 and 1930. YWCA women "sold" their building to the business community as a sound investment and an asset that would reflect well on the reputations of enterprising business leaders and a modern progressive community.
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Quinlivan, Mary. "Dalzell, Enterprising Elite - The Boston Associates And The World They Made". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, n. 1 (1 aprile 1992): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.1.33.
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In this fine collective biography of the merchants-turned-industrialists who developed the famed Waltham-Lowell system of textile manufacture, Robert F. Dalzell has produced a book of considerable importance in the history of American industrialization, entrepreneurship, and philanthropy. Dalzell presents a well-researched and lucid study of this wealthy, closely knit group of businessmen, a study that appropriately places these men and their activities in the broad sociocultural setting. The Boston Associates, according to Dalzell, were industrial pioneers who introduced integrated innovations on a hitherto unparalleled scale, but whose motivation was essentially conservative.
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Sert, Bilal, e Sebahattin Ziyanak. "Early Turkish Immigrants’ Adaptation to American Culture and Social Integration". European Review Of Applied Sociology 10, n. 15 (1 dicembre 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eras-2017-0006.
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AbstractImmigration studies still investigate immigrants’ offspring and later generations’ socioeconomic upward and downward motilities. When it comes to early Turkish immigrants, there is an unfilled “missing link” from a sociological point of view. This study explores early Turkish immigrants’ adaptation experiences in the United Sates through qualitative triangulation and the methods of observation. This article utilizes “Straight-line theory”, “decline theory”, and “segmented assimilation to expound early Turkish immigrants’ adaptation experiences in the United States. Drawing on archival documents next to meetings with immigrants’ off springs, this study finds evidence that immigration occurred during the second wave to the United States from Europe, among Turks from Anatolia and Rumelia and they successfully adapted their new social environment. Rather, the findings provide novel evidence on the role of religious view and their social interaction. When seeking early Turks’ socio educational background, we discover that highly educated individuals including religious leaders, professors, and businessmen migrated to Peabody, MA.
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Besseghini, Deborah, e Ander Permanyer-Ugartemendia. "The Hispanic World at War and the Global Transformation of Commerce. Global Merchants in Spanish America: Business, Networks and Independence (1800-1830)". Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 8, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2023): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.40640.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This special issue investigates how in the times of war, political turmoil, and disruption of commercial practices during the Age of Revolutions two centuries ago, merchants appear as demiurges of a new order. This is part of a polycentric reading of epochal transformations that does not deny the primacy of politics and military power in establishing relations of force, but which underline the complex negotiations at their base. The collection of essays looks at the profound global consequences of the fall of the Spanish American empire, particularly as they related to the decline of mercantilism and the reconfiguration of both Atlantic and inter-Pacific commerce. A crucial element in this transformation was the war economy, which had implications not only in Spanish America, but in the whole of the Hispanic world and beyond. Global merchants or businessmen —foreigners and Hispanic— strategically located in the Hispanic World, whose networks and affairs linked Europe, Asia and the Americas, worked within the vacuum created by the crisis of the Spanish monarchy in what was a fluid and foundational moment. The essays investigate how the Napoleonic Wars and the Wars of Independence against Spain accelerated the emergence of new actors, practices, rules and commercial circuits, by analyzing the personal and business networks that built, redefined and renegotiated the role of Hispanic America in the global economy. This prosopography of merchants thus shows trajectories through which, despite infinite difficulties, global and transregional merchants appear as one of the maieutic forces in the birth of the modern world.
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ARNOLD-FORSTER, TOM. "NEW HISTORIES OF AMERICAN NEWSPAPERS". Historical Journal 63, n. 5 (13 aprile 2020): 1390–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x20000102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Will Irwin worked as a reporter and muckraker for ten years before he wrote The American newspaper (1911). Published by Collier's magazine over fifteen issues, it was a pioneering study of ‘journalism in its relation to the public’, and it has been much cited by historians. Irwin argued that American newspapers in the early twentieth century had come to possess enormous power; indeed, ‘no other extrajudicial force, except religion, is half so powerful’. Newspapers had been significant influences on public opinion since the early nineteenth century and had become even more important and popular with the rise of ‘yellow journalism’ in the 1890s. But Irwin worried about conflicts between ‘the business attitude’, which insisted that newspapers were commercial products above all, and ‘the professional attitude’, which identified journalism with civic education and the public interest. He was especially anxious about ‘the advertising influence’, on which newspapers depended for economic survival, and which necessarily damaged their journalism. For when advertisers wanted stories spiked or editorials altered, they generally had their way. And when publishers courted businessmen over drinks and dinner, they grew fat and corrupt. So ‘the perplexity of free journalism’ was that ‘so long as our American capitalism retains its insolence and its ruthlessness of method, commercial publishers of million-dollar newspapers must recognize this [advertising] influence whether they like it or no. And many of them do like it.’ Irwin's sense that newspapers claimed to be the people's tribunes but often served their owner's interests made him think that ‘the system is dishonest to its marrow’. Thus his study raised some enduring questions for historians: why were newspapers so powerful? How important were their publishers? Is free journalism ever possible?
33
Davis, Cory. "The Political Economy of Commercial Associations: Building the National Board of Trade, 1840–1868". Business History Review 88, n. 4 (2014): 761–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680514000750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article argues that, in the mid-nineteenth century, the American merchant community created local commercial organizations to propagate a vision of economic development based on republican ideals. As part of a “business revolution,” these organizations attempted to balance competition and cooperation in order to promote and direct the expansion of national markets and commercial activity throughout the country. Faced with the crisis of divergent sectional political economies and committed to the belief that businessmen needed a stronger political voice, merchant groups banded together to form the National Board of Trade, an association devoted to creating a unified commercial interest and shaping national economic policies.
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SCHEINMAN, Marc N. "NAFTA corporate strategies in a multi-currency area: the case of Ford, Deere, and CN". Management international 8, n. 1 (2003): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-eve8-sm6p.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article reviews and evaluates presentations by Ford, Deere, and CN executives at a November 1, 2002, panel entitled "Corporate Strategies in a Multi-Currency Area" (NAFTA). The panel succeeded in its primary objective, namely stimulating vigorous discussion among highly informed businessmen, central bankers, and academics from the USA, Canada, and Mexico on the subject of North American monetary and financial integration. However, the participants concluded that such an outcome was very likely in the near future. Given the panelists' level of enthusiasm and discussion, the article ends by calling for developing case studies that focus on their companies' strategic positioning in the three distinctly different NAFTA countries.
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Kinderman, Daniel. "Donald Trump, anti-establishment populism and the revolving door between business and politics in the United States". Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 68, n. 2 (11 settembre 2023): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2023-0015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Revolving door dynamics are pervasive in the United States. There are vast literatures on the revolving door and on Donald Trump, but so far, no attempts to bring these literatures together. This paper represents a first attempt to do so and answer the following questions: Can Trump’s rise be understood as a culmination of revolving door dynamics, under which managers become politicians and politicians become lobbyists? What motivated Trump to revolve, and how has Trump’s presidency affected the revolving door? The paper places Trump into the context of the revolving door and compares him with previous presidents and presidential candidates. In recent decades, revolving door activity has increased. While this suggests that the revolving door paved the way for Trump, a close examination of the evidence reveals a more complex picture. Many American businesspeople have unsuccessfully run for president. Like the businessmen-turned-presidents who preceded him, Trump is a family businessman, not a manager or a CEO of a listed company. A multitude of additional factors contributed to Trump’s 2016 win including his status as a reality TV celebrity, his charisma, and his right-wing populism: Trump is from business but not from the business establishment. In addition, Trump revolved from business into politics, rather than from Capitol Hill to K Street. Candidate Trump railed against the revolving door and pledged to drain the swamp. President Trump swamped the drain and precipitated one of the most serious crises and threats to American democracy in the country’s history.
36
Truc, Tran Thi Thanh. "Source Domain “war” in American English business news discourse". Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, n. 2 (29 giugno 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i2.556.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Conceptual metaphor can be understood as the mapping between two conceptual domains whereas the linguistic metaphor is the linguistic expression of the mapping. Conceptual metaphor is the system of ideas mapped according to the perception of human being about life and expressed by linguistic metaphor. Conceptual metaphor with source domain WAR is one of the most common metaphors used in American English business news discourse. In conceptual metaphor model BUSINESS IS WAR, it can be found many words related to war such as ‘attack’, ‘withdraw’, ‘invade’, ‘besiege’, ‘fight’, ‘win’, ‘defense’, etc... which are used in business news discourse. Through the mapping of this metaphor model, companies can be seen as the military in a war; the businessmen correspond to the soldiers in a fight, and the battles are conceived as competitions on price and market share. This result is similar to the conclusion about conceptual metaphor of ARGUMENT IS WAR by Lakoff & Johnson, which mentions that the use of war metaphors to understand the source domain of ARGUMENT is not accidental. The authors argue that while there is no physical battle, there is a verbal battle and the structure of a debate (including attack, defense, counterattack, etc.) reflects this.
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Fischer, Frank. "Die Agenda der Elite". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 26, n. 104 (1 settembre 1996): 463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v26i104.918.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article examines the role of think tanks and policy-oriented social science in the context of shifting alignments in American politics. During the 1980s, neoconservative intellectuals and businessmen politicized policy expertise through the funding of conservative think tanks and the development of a »counterintelligentsia«. The paper analyzes the impact of this political strategy on the shaping of the national agenda and traces its intluence into the 1990s, in particular policymaking in the Clinton administration. The outcome is a significant change in the relationships linking social science, elite think tanks, and the setting of national policy agendas. The essay concludes with a discussion of the troubling questions this elite relationship poses for the theory and practice of democratic government.
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KRAY, R. M. "THE PATH TO PARADISE". Pacific Historical Review 73, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2004): 85–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2004.73.1.85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The city of Palm Springs gained fame as an exclusive resort in the 1920s. Thereafter, the city elite became consumed with maintaining its reputation. Because public policies in Palm Springs increasingly re�ected the interests of local business, real estate, and village elites, social engineering and control over land use became the driving forces behind the city's political economy. Collaborating with local businessmen and attorneys, Palm Springs civic leaders persecuted their lower-income constituents who resided on the local Native American reservation . Attempting to dispossess the Indians of their tribal lands and erase any blighted neighborhoods that might degrade "the city beautiful," Palm Springs of�cials successfully removed the city's people of color and restructured the race and class con�guration of the city.
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Moore, Tara. "Pickwick and Scrooge: Two Excellent Men of Business". Dickens Quarterly 40, n. 4 (dicembre 2023): 413–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dqt.2023.a913283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract: Created six years apart, Scrooge and Pickwick exhibit extraordinary similarities in their backgrounds and plot trajectories. Scrooge and Pickwick start out as relatively isolated businessmen who make journeys of discovery and learn lessons in compassion. Their metamorphoses are deepened through their relationships with loyal employees. This article explores the scant details about the two men's business lives, including Scrooge's role as a creditor and his connection to the Second Royal Exchange in London, which burned down in January 1838. It also contextualizes Pickwick's ties to the South American sugar trade and the enslaved labor that contributes to his great wealth. The article speculates on the parallelisms between Scrooge and Pickwick and the effects of seeing them both within the scope of their identified business practices.
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Mazzeo, Cristina Ana. "Foreign Traders in South America and the Financing of the Independence Wars, 1820-1830". Journal of Evolutionary Studies in Business 8, n. 1 (9 gennaio 2023): 181–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/jesb2023.8.1.34110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studying commerce and traders from a global perspective allows us to analyze the material and cultural exchanges that took place beyond national borders, which are often obscured by traditional historical perspectives centered on the nation. This wide terrain is explored here by addressing — and visualizing — the interrelations between the South American ports of Lima, Valparaíso and Buenos Aires, from the vantage point of independent Peru. To do so, we study the links among foreign merchants who were rooted or closely connected to such ports in the context of the South American wars of independence. War placed Peru in a disastrous economic situation, a circumstance that foreign merchants exploited by becoming the main lenders to the new State, which struggled to cover the expenses of the army to sustain the war. These businessmen created a mercantile network that bridged the boundaries of the recently created nation-states and testified to their great business skills as it broke the economic system of commercial control that had prevailed during three hundred years. Research in Peruvian Governmental, Notary, and Customs documentation unveils their ability to act as agents, negotiate loans and purchases, and take advantage of the wartime crisis to become the main providers of weaponry and military supplies and acquire a privileged position. Since South America was not prepared to reach its independence in the early 19th century without an army, without money, or without weaponry, the nascent states’ economic and financial dependence on foreign traders that started during these times was in a sense inevitable.
41
Makurin, Andrei. "“The Great Siberian Way” in perception of American travelers of the early 20th century". Metamorphoses of history, n. 29 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/s241436770027420-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World’s focus during the beginning 20th century was on completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia. This article is based on the analysis essays and memoirs of travelers at the early 20th century. The article examines how the main problems, topics and aspects of the emergence and functioning of the railway were perceived. The greatest attention is paid to the views of the most famous US political figures, military and businessmen on the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Manchurian railway. The prospects for the practical use of the railway, as well as its strategic importance, were of particular interest to American politicians and the military. Before the war, Senator A. Beveridge traveled along the Trans-Siberian Railway. The Russo-Japanese War inspired a deeper interest in the Trans-Siberian Railway. On their way to the seat of war in Manchuria, the American military attaché W. Judson followed the road and the naval attaché N. McCully also passed by rail. The most prominent American political figure who visited the Trans-Siberian after the war was Secretary of War W. H. Taft. The rich artistic images of Siberia are reflected at the work of American photographers W.H. Jackson and B. Holmes, who also visited the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Through studying the sources, the author concludes what kind images of the railway was represented in all its essences. At the beginning of the 20th century, the conviction was firmly entrenched in the United States that the entire railway system of Russia developed due to its strategic purpose, that is, for military purposes.
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Barber III, Dennis, John H. Batchelo, Timothy Hatten, Shanan G. Gibson e Ladislav Rolínek. "Czech Students’ Perceptions of Ethical Behavior in Business and Entrepreneurship". Business Ethics and Leadership 4, n. 1 (2020): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(1).80-91.2020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central notion of business culture and communication with stakeholders consists in the ethical standards regarding the behaviour of corporation owners and managers, which, on the one hand, form an essential element of successful business activities and partnerships, and on the other hand, are complicated in terms of measuring and managing the phenomenon. This study uses agency and stakeholder theories to compare the ethical standards in the behaviour of businessmen and managers. These theories influence freedom of decision-making and behaviour in entrepreneurial activity based on the personal ethical considerations and individuals’ interests, regardless of the size of their share in the business. The article analyzes data regarding differences in perceptions of business owners and managers by Czech students; the differences between ethical standards of behaviour of Czech and American entrepreneurs and managers; gender peculiarities of Czech students’ perception of different business representatives. A methodological tool for the study of ethical perception by youth at the University of the Czech Republic was the Bucar and Hisrich model, and the basis to define the statistical significance of testing the hypothesis ̶ even and odd T-tests. The object of the study contains representatives of small and medium-sized businesses in the Czech Republic, as a country that offers an appealing microcosm for research thanks to the recent transition to a market economy with rapid changes in policy and market activity perceptions. 73% of respondents previously worked in a small business, almost 44% had family members who owned or have a small business and 9.5% owned the business. The sample age structure consisted of 53% of women and 47% of men, on average, under 22 years old, 8% of whom were married. The results of the research revealed that there were no significant differences between the Czech students’ ethical perception of managers and businessmen and the lack of influence on the respondents’ previous experience in doing business. A study of gender-based sampling revealed that Czech female students are more likely to evaluate entrepreneurs less ethically than men do. Keywords: Agency Theory, Czech Republic, Entrepreneurs, Ethics, Managers, Stakeholder Theory.
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Antaki, Nabil N., e Gilles Leclerc. "Le droit des valeurs mobilières et les placements privés". Les Cahiers de droit 20, n. 4 (12 aprile 2005): 725–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042346ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The overwhelming control of the different North American securities commissions over the capital market compels businessmen and corporate lawyers to a permanent search for new means to avoid the registration and prospectus requirements of the acts. The authors try in this article to analyse the private placement exemption which seems to be most frequently relied upon. They discuss its development since the United States Supreme Court's decision in Ralston Purina. They explain the pros and cons of the subjective « need to know » and the capability of investors to « fend for themselves » tests as well as their byproducts. The recent and certainly more objective standards adopted by the S.E.C. and Ontario are also discussed. Finally, the resale of the restricted securities acquired in a private placement transaction is studied. In this context, the Quebec law is hardly adequate and needs substantial clarifications.
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Alavi, Hamed. "Autonomy Principle and Fraud Exception in Documentary Letters of Credit, a Comparative Study between United States and England". International and Comparative Law Review 15, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2015): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Despite the fact that Documentary Letters of Credit are involved in process of International Trade for many centuries, but their legal personality is very new and their life span is much shorter than their existence. In the middle of Eightieth Century, Lord Mansfield introduced legal aspects of LC operation for the first time to the Common Law System. Later, International Chamber of Commerce started to codified regulations regarding international operation of Documentary Letters of Credit in 1933 under the title of Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Letters of Credit and updated them constantly up to current date. However, many aspects of LC operation including fraud are not codified under the UCP which subjects them to national laws. Diversified nature of National Laws in different countries can be source of confusion and problem for many businessmen active in international operation of Documentary Letters of Credit. Such differences are more problematic in Common Law countries as a result of following precedent. For Example, legal aspects of International LC transactions under British Law are only based on case law, however, American Law addresses Letter of Credit Operation under Article 5 of Unified Commercial Code. Due to important role of English and American law in practice of international trade, current paper will try to compare their approach to autonomy principle of in LC operation, fraud rule as a recognized exception to it and search for answer to following questions what is definition of fraud, and what are standards of proof for fraud in LC operation, under English and American law?
45
Cho, Yoon-joo. "Study on the Features of Satire in The Rise of Silas Lapham". Convergence English Language & Literature Association 7, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2022): 273–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.55986/cell.2022.7.3.273.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Satire is the genre which could be classified as literature using humor, sarcasm and irony to show that someone or something is foolish and bad, and helps the lower class have the chance to ridicule the behaviors of upper class and their weaknesses or character flaws in European medieval period. The Rise of Silas Lapham(1885) written by William Dean Howells shows the satire to the upper class of New Englanders in the U.S. in the end of 19th century. In fact, Howells believed the future of American writing depended on novels of which form he considered had been shifting from ‘romance’ to a serious form, and he said that realism was “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.” But not only was the status and ethics of Businessmen in 19th century considered as the object of satire to the upper class of New Englanders, the upper also tried to adhere to the tradition from the Old World. For Howells, this kind of Boston Brahmin's adherence to the Old Form might have inversely been interpreted as the object of satire. But the hero as well as anti-hero of The Rise of Silas Lapham, by himself seemed to be a Menippus when he was forced to go into the New World of the Corey'world. Of course, Lapham is not the typical Menippus in 19th century as defined by Mikhail Bakhin or Northrop Frye. But Lapham could be interpreted as a rustic or clown who mocks himself but also a veteran and a businessman who appeared in 19th century.
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Truxes, Thomas M. "Transnational Trade in the Wartime North Atlantic: The Voyage of the Snow Recovery". Business History Review 79, n. 4 (2005): 751–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The voyage of a small ocean-going trading vessel, of a type known as a snow, provides a window into the world of wartime commerce in the late colonial period. In March 1760, the snow Recovery, which was owned by a consortium of North American and Irish businessmen, traveled from New York City to Belfast, Ireland, and from there to the tiny Dutch island of Curaçao. From Curaçao, the snow sailed north to the Bay of Monte Cristi in Spanish Santo Domingo, where it loaded French sugar and coffee, mostly purchased through Spanish intermediaries, for sale at the German port of Hamburg. Upon leaving the bay for a brief stopover in New York, the Recovery was seized by a British warship and carried to Jamaica for condemnation in the court of vice-admiralty. This trading venture tells us much about mid-eighteenth-century Atlantic markets, their fluidity, adaptability, and responsiveness to change, as well as their integration into a single system of production, commerce, and finance.
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Pinheiro da Silveira, Marco Antonio, Paulo Jorge Reis Mourão e Thaís Helena Perciavali Telmo Rodrigues. "How Economic Development Influences Entrepreneurial Networks-Dissecting Reasons for the Birth, Development and Death of Local Development’s Agents". Sustainability 12, n. 21 (26 ottobre 2020): 8885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This case study will reflect upon the experience of important agents for local development—the Local Productive Arrangement (APL) composed by South American companies in the sector of wedding parties. This work will then reflect how Economic Development creates—but also may destroy—entrepreneurial networks. Data were observed by interviews with 30 businessmen participating in the Local Productive Arrangement. In 2009, the APL received support from Brazilian Service of Support to Micro and Small Companies (SEBRAE), which has been supporting several APL since 2002. However, starting in 2012, membership and motivation began to diminish, and in 2014, despite efforts made by the association’s president, the board decided to close it. This experience motivates several insights about how an entrepreneurship network evolves because this case study has been a pioneering case in Brazil. The analysis of the case offers an observation of the benefits of creating the association as well as the difficulties and challenges involved in the initiative.
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KAYE, ANDREW M. "Colonel Roscoe Conkling Simmons and the Mechanics of Black Leadership". Journal of American Studies 37, n. 1 (aprile 2003): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875803007011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I want you to have power because I will have power.Roscoe Conkling Simmons (1881–1951) was an African American journalist and lifelong Republican, frequently acclaimed as the greatest orator of his day. He wrote for the Chicago Defender, the nation's largest black paper, and was later a columnist for the Chicago Tribune. A sometime advisor on black affairs to Republican administrations during the 1920s, Simmons seconded the re-nomination of Herbert Hoover for president in 1932, where “His exit from the platform was blocked by senators, committeemen, governors and others high in the public life who sought to touch ‘the hem of his garment.’” Throughout his career, the Colonel, as Simmons was often called, forged close links with black organizations. On regular speaking tours, he participated in the affairs of fraternities, churches, and educational institutions nationwide. Simmons was a social chameleon, on familiar terms with black America's most powerful businessmen and editors, entertainers and mobsters, but equally comfortable among the working men and women with whom he gossiped in barber shops and at church picnics. Senators, mayors, and aldermen admired his talent on the speaking platform and valued his connections to the black community. When white Republicans needed help in rallying northern black voters, Simmons was the fixer they summoned. He gladly obliged, out of loyalty to the Grand Old Party and in anticipation of reciprocal dispensations.
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Hussain, Maria. "Fast Food Nation". American Journal of Islam and Society 19, n. 2 (1 aprile 2002): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v19i2.1952.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Combining in-depth historical and socio-political analyses of the American food industry with an easy-flowing language style, Fast Food Nation is nearly impossible to put down. Mind-boggling in scope, yet as intimate as one's own kitchen, this book allows the reader to grasp the true horror of the global food situation. Schlosser provokes both laughter and tears, ultimately inspiring the reader to engage in the "higher jihad" of controlling one's appetite with the understanding of how personal consumer choices have political consequences.
Section One, "The American Way," takes us through four chapters. The first, entitled "The Founding Fathers," talks about how the mass production of the automobile transformed post-WWII American society and its land scape, and introduces us to the hard-working businessmen who gave fast food a permanent place in the car culture, replacing the lovely countryside with a nearly identical, ugly sprawl of fast food restaurants, subdivisions, and strip malls in every town.
Chapter 2, "Your Trusted Friends," explains the appeal of the fast food industry to children and adults longing for their past childhood through the use of toys and mascots such as Ronald McDonald and Taco Bell's talking dog. Gearing advertisements to the psychology of children has become a big business. Al I the major toy crazes such as Beanie Babies and Pokemon have been promoted by fast food chains. Cross-promotions extend to cartoons, movies, amusement parks, and now schools. Due to funding shortages, many schools have started promoting brand names of fast food and soda companies, whose ads now cover school hallways, buses, and even rooftops, while the products are sold to children during school hours ...
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Ogle, Vanessa. "‘Funk Money’: The End of Empires, The Expansion of Tax Havens, and Decolonization as an Economic and Financial Event*". Past & Present 249, n. 1 (23 agosto 2020): 213–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gtaa001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article explores the question of what happened to European assets in the process of decolonization. It argues that decolonization created a money panic of sorts that led white settlers, businessmen, and officials to seek to liquidate assets they owned and move funds out of the colonial world. Instead of being repatriated to metropolitan countries with high tax rates and exchange controls, money moved to tax havens. Decolonization thus provided an important share of early postwar tax haven business in a period when tax havens and offshore finance expanded during the 1950s and 1960s. In turn, the withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the decolonizing world set the stage for the politics of development and modernization in the coming decades. Ironically, the outflow of funds during decolonization and the subsequent return of some funds in restructured form as investments by multinational and other companies soon caused difficulties in newly independent developing countries. Companies soon found ways to rebook profits to have occurred in a tax haven rather than in the developing world, thus depriving low-income countries from tax revenue. The withdrawal of Euro-American investments from the colonial world during decolonization moreover had implications for the growth of portfolio investment, as funds removed from colonies were often invested through a tax haven onwards in US securities. All in all, decolonization was an economic and financial event that is only beginning to emerge in full detail.