Tesi sul tema "Amélioration de la qualité du mélange"
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Yahiat, Feriel. "Analyse des mécanismes d’intensification du mélange et des transferts thermiques par combinaison de méthodes passives dans des écoulements internes tubulaires : application aux réacteurs chimiques continus et aux capteurs solaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MTLD0005.
The energy efficiency of thermal components and systems, as well as the improvement and development of new technologies, are major challenges today. In this general context, the work of this thesis is aimed at improving the thermal performance and mixing of multifunctional heat exchanger-reactors, which are more than ever key components. To achieve this goal, a passive intensification technique has been explored, involving the application of two types of macro-wall deformations on the walls of a laminar flow annular tube. The study initially focused on characterizing the secondary flows created by each of the deformations applied separately in order to enhance heat transfer.Subsequently, a combination of successive and alternating radial deformations on the outer wall, coupled with a geometry that induces swirl motion on the inner wall, significantly increased mixing by promoting chaotic advection within the flow. The understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms relied on numerical analysis of local thermal and hydraulic fields, identification of vortical structures, Poincaré sections, as well as the determination of thermo-hydraulic and mixing performance at both global and local levels. An experimental evaluation of hydraulic behavior was also conducted using the residence time distribution method, partially validating the chosen numerical model in this study. Finally, the last part of the study was dedicated to the application of the intensification concepts studied to the case of a concentrated solar thermal collector
Cherifi, Daikha. "Amélioration et évaluation de la qualité des images". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132053.
The aim of this thesis is to propose new methods for image enhancement based on oriented and multi-scale transforms using some perceptual criteria. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a simple and efficient contrast enhancement method inspired from the human visual system. This method is evaluated on a set of natural color and monochrome images. The obtained results are evaluated subjectively and by using objective measures based on energy spectrum analysis and perceptual criteria. The enhancement technique is also extended to some medical images, such as mammography and endoscopy images. A special contrast enhancement method adapted to mammography is then proposed. It is based on a segmentation process using a priori information on the mammography images. The last part of the thesis is devoted to image enhancement evaluation. A critical literature survey of image enhancement evaluation methods is provided. The evaluation method proposed in this thesis is based on the radial and angular analysis of the Fourier powerspectrum. Another perceptual approach is proposed to evaluate the output. This method is based on the analysis of the visibility map computed by using a pyramidal contrast. The evaluation is performed on some samples taken from two databases. Both subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed image enhancement methods
Joucla, Emmanuel. "Amélioration de l'efficacité des actions correctives d'un système qualité". Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0044.
Tran, Kim Phuc. "Surveillance de procédés de type mélange". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4047/document.
In industry, Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a set of statistical techniques to monitor, control and improve a process. Among SPC tools, control charts are very useful tools for the detection and the elimination of assignable causes shifting the process. There exist manufacturing environments where several components have to be mixed together to obtain a product composition. In this case, it is necessary to monitor ratios of quality variables when quality practitioners are interested in the relative comparison of the same property for two components. In this thesis, we have tried to systematically propose new control charts for the ratio and for compositional data that have not yet been proposed so far in the literature. Run rules control charts, EWMA control charts, CUSUM control charts and a Shewhart control chart in the presence of measurement error have been proposed for monitoring the ratio. Furthermore, a MEWMA control chart to monitor compositional data has also been proposed. The performance of each control chart has been evaluated and the optimal parameters have systematically been computed. An empirical validation of the results has been developed for real industrial processes
Kompany, Elaheh. "Un nouveau procédé de déshydratation de fruits et légumes : amélioration de la qualité du produit fini". Compiègne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990COMPD278.
Tremillon, Nicolas. "Amélioration de la secrétion hétérologue chez lactococcus lactis". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112315.
The lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis is an interesting host to produce, secrete and purify heterologous proteins. INRA built up an expression system and a host strain inactivated for the unique extracellular HtrA protease and in which exported proteins are stable, leading to a better yield and a competitive advantage. INRA system development in partnership with GTP Technology is the objective of my PhD thesis (CIFRE fellowship). To improve the host strain, positive factors able to compensate for HtrA functions: heat shock resistance and the quality control of exported proteins, were looked for. A multicopy suppressor of htrA mutant thermosensitivity was selected: its function is unknown and its effect on heterologous protein production has to be tested. An exported folding factor, a PPIase, was also caracterized, but it had no effect on the proteins that have been tested, suggesting a constitutive housekeeping function. At last, a protein induced in htrA mutant under normal conditions was studied. It is a cell wall stress protein, both induced in the wild type strain by several antibiotics targeting peptidoglycan biosynthesis and essential for cell viability when cells are exposed to bacitracin. Thus, the absence of HtrA not only disturbs envelope proteins, but also the cell wall. This new HtrA function and of the role of the induced protein on cell survival will be further studied. In parallel, the use of the INRA expression system at GTP Technology was also developed. The conditions for the production of a nuclease useful in molecular biology to clarify cell extracts were optimised, and a protein yield of about 200mg/L in mini-fermentors could be reached
Costa, João Lino. "Méthodologie pour une amélioration de la qualité de production au Portugal". Chambéry, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CHAMS004.
Zhu, Shupeng. "Modélisation du mélange des particules dans l’atmosphère". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1156/document.
This thesis present a newly developed size-composition resolved aerosol model (SCRAM), which is able to simulate the dynamics of externally-mixed particles in the atmosphere, and it evaluates its performance in three-dimensional air-quality simulations. The main work is split into four parts. First, the research context of external mixing and aerosol modelling is introduced. Secondly, the development of the SCRAM box model is presented along with validation tests. Each particle composition is defined by the combination of mass-fraction sections of its chemical components or aggregates of components. The three main processes involved in aerosol dynamic (nucleation, coagulation, condensation/evaporation) are included in SCRAM. The model is first validated by comparisons with published reference solutions for coagulation and condensation/evaporation of internally-mixed particles. The particle mixing state is investigated in a 0-D simulation using data representative of air pollution at a traffic site in Paris. The relative influence on the mixing state of the different aerosol processes and of the algorithm used to model condensation/evaporation (dynamic evolution or bulk equilibrium between particles and gas) is studied. Then, SCRAM is integrated into the Polyphemus air quality platform and used to conduct simulations over Greater Paris during the summer period of 2009. This evaluation showed that SCRAM gives satisfactory results for both PM2.5/PM10 concentrations and aerosol optical depths, as assessed from comparisons to observations. Besides, the model allows us to analyze the particle mixing state, as well as the impact of the mixing state assumption made in the modelling on particle formation, aerosols optical properties, and cloud condensation nuclei activation. Finally, two simulations are conducted during the winter campaign of MEGAPOLI (Megacities : Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation) in January 2010 where the composition of individual particles was measured. One simulation assumes that particles are internally mixed, while the other explicitly models the mixing state with SCRAM. The simulation results of both bulk concentrations of chemical species and concentrations of individual particle classes are compared with the measurements. Then, the single particle diversity and the mixing-state index are computed using a quantification approach based on information-theoretic entropy, and they are compared to those derived from the measurements at a urban site in Paris: the simulated mixing-state index is equal to 69% against 59% from the measurements, indicating that particles are not internally mixed over Paris
Rolim, Pedro. "Solubilité des constituants d'un mélange de poudres et qualité des granulés obtenus". Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13508.
Gauducheau, Jean-Loup. "Amélioration du fonctionnement d'un moteur alimenté au gaz naturel en mélange pauvre par ajout d'hydrogène". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11078.
Rezkallah, Miloud. "Amélioration de la qualité d'énergie fournie au réseau autonome hybride éolien-diesel". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2010. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/286/1/REZKALLAH_Miloud.pdf.
Yerima, Borgui. "Système de rémunération et amélioration de la qualité du coton au Bénin". Montpellier, ENSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0022.
While the debates on the distortions of the prices in the world market of cotton oppose the producer countries poor and rich, the first showing the second not to comply with the fixed rules within the World Trade Organization, this dissertation introduce the failures of the Remuneration System (RS) of the seed-cotton in Benin. The RS includes seven key issues: 1) the contract of production; 2) the modes of evaluating and grading the quality of the cotton; 3) the rule defining the seed cotton price; 4) the modalities of paying producers and transporters; 5) credit over inputs and the joint guarantee; 6) transfer related with task delegation; 7) the price equalization. This system is analyzed as an inefficient instrument in terms of the improvement in the quality of the cotton-fiber exported. The analysis is based on an approach that identifies the RS failures, which are accepted by the actors involved - and to estimate the actors' gains and losses. However, those who benefited the most from the RS are the cotton-ginners and the low-quality seed cotton producers. The general theory of market with asymmetric information, as well as the concepts of rent and rent-seeking, collusion and collusive transactions, scarcity, and the measurement costs, are applied in order to explain how the actors make use of this system. This analysis has also combined the characteristics of seed cotton supply and the qualifications of cotton related with the embodied power of actors, showing kind the political dimension of the RS. Five main lessons have been identified: i) agency relationship imperfections in an embedded structure with tasks delegation - ii) the creation and sharing of the collusive rent between an agent and its supervisor exduding the principal - iii) the inefficiency of the evaluation of seed cotton quality related with the unsuitable of the means and methods used - iv) the prevailing among actors, of information asymmetry over the quality of the cotton in the export markets, although there is an inter-profession - v) the use of RS failures by the economic agents in order to increase their individual profits through collusive transactions and by capturing four types of decentralized rents : a quality, collusion, positioning and scarcity rents, while ignoring their own losses. Therefore, like political decision-makers interested in the maximization of their votes, the economic agents can use inefflcient instruments when they benefit from rents of the use of those instruments and do not really know their own losses. This is the major theoretical outcome of our dissertation
Leroux, Julie. "Amélioration de la qualité de la pâte désencrée par oxydation au TEMPO". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1170/1/030032105.pdf.
Zaidi, Houda. "Amélioration de la qualité des données : correction sémantique des anomalies inter-colonnes". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1094/document.
Data quality represents a major challenge because the cost of anomalies can be very high especially for large databases in enterprises that need to exchange information between systems and integrate large amounts of data. Decision making using erroneous data has a bad influence on the activities of organizations. Quantity of data continues to increase as well as the risks of anomalies. The automatic correction of these anomalies is a topic that is becoming more important both in business and in the academic world. In this report, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-columns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns
Zaidi, Houda. "Amélioration de la qualité des données : correction sémantique des anomalies inter-colonnes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1094.
Data quality represents a major challenge because the cost of anomalies can be very high especially for large databases in enterprises that need to exchange information between systems and integrate large amounts of data. Decision making using erroneous data has a bad influence on the activities of organizations. Quantity of data continues to increase as well as the risks of anomalies. The automatic correction of these anomalies is a topic that is becoming more important both in business and in the academic world. In this report, we propose an approach to better understand the semantics and the structure of the data. Our approach helps to correct automatically the intra-column anomalies and the inter-columns ones. We aim to improve the quality of data by processing the null values and the semantic dependencies between columns
Barthélémy, Charles. "Amélioration assistée de programmes par objectifs". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10462.
Pulcini, Céline. "Evaluation et amélioration de l'utilisation des anti-infectieux en pathologie humaine". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T004.
Antibiotic stewardship is essential to curb bacterial resistance in humans. Our aim was to design an intervention to improve the quality of prescription of antibiotics, focusing on the inpatient setting. We used strategies derived from the social sciences and the industry, particularly continuous quality improvement techniques, to lead the doctors to change their behaviour. We focused on a key process of antibiotic prescribing, i.e. reassessment of antibiotic therapies 24-96 hours after their start ; we selected this process based on a review of the literature and on the results of a survey designed to assess the perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of the prescribers. This survey also enabled us to approach potential barriers to the intervention. We designed then a set of process measures of quality of care in the reassessment of inpatient empirical antibiotic prescriptions. Finally, we assessed the impact of an intervention designed to improve the documentation of the reassessment of inpatient empiric antibiotic prescriptions on the quality of these prescriptions ; this intervention was conducted on two wards and targeted non-infectious diseases specialists, using an audit and feedback approach. In conclusion, continuous quality improvement strategies are a valuable tool to improve antibiotic use
Dunand, Arnaud. "Amélioration de l'atomisation coaxiale sous pression : influence du retrait et du swirl du jet de gaz annulaire". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2312.
This study deals with coaxial atomization processes improvement with a view to cryogenic flame stabilization. The liquid core is investigated by means of an optical fiber probe and PIV technique. Droplet velocities and diameters, obtained by PDA and tomography, characterize the dilute spray. The recess of the liquid tube promotes Gas/Liquid momentum transfers. Nevertheless, a non-monotonic effect is observed. Interpretations, based on the Liquid/Gas interaction inside the injector, are formulated and demonstrate the gas injection velocity prevalence. Therefore, the optimal geometry must be determinate with respect to the injection and ambient conditions. Thanks to structure displacement enhancement, an helical annular gas jet leads to an improved atomization. Vortex breakdown phenomenon emergence modifies, significantly, the morphology of the jet. Actually, for this amount a swirl, completed atomization of the liquid jet and inversed droplet population take place
Pasquier, Bernard. "Assurance de qualité de l'aliment médicamenteux : Homogénéité de mélange aux stade pilote et industriel". Dijon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987DIJOS015.
Ortiz, Cayón Rodrigo. "Amélioration de la vitesse et de la qualité d'image du rendu basé image". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4004/document.
Traditional photo-realistic rendering requires intensive manual and computational effort to create scenes and render realistic images. Thus, creation of content for high quality digital imagery has been limited to experts and highly realistic rendering still requires significant computational time. Image-Based Rendering (IBR) is an alternative which has the potential of making high-quality content creation and rendering applications accessible to casual users, since they can generate high quality photo-realistic imagery without the limitations mentioned above. We identified three important shortcomings of current IBR methods: First, each algorithm has different strengths and weaknesses, depending on 3D reconstruction quality and scene content and often no single algorithm offers the best image quality everywhere in the image. Second, such algorithms present strong artifacts when rendering partially reconstructed objects or missing objects. Third, most methods still result in significant visual artifacts in image regions where reconstruction is poor. Overall, this thesis addresses significant shortcomings of IBR for both speed and image quality, offering novel and effective solutions based on selective rendering, learning-based model substitution and depth error prediction and correction
Malle, Sidiki. "Études d’association pangénomique pour l’identification des régions génomiques influençant la qualité nutritionnelle chez le soya canadien". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40192.
Soybean is an important source of protein, oil, carbohydrates, and other beneficial nutrients, such as minerals. A major function of protein in nutrition is to provide adequate amounts of amino acids. Although essential for human health and animal nutrition, the sulfur amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are often limiting and the genetic basis underlying their accumulation in soybeans seeds is poorly characterized. Another factor no less important for the nutritional quality of soybeans is its mineral content, which affects the end-use traits of both the oil and protein fractions as well as the quality of seed (germination rate, vigor of seedlings). Unfortunately, very little attention has been paid to Canadian soybean varieties in terms of their content in sulfur amino acids and important minerals in seeds. The enhancement of seed nutrient content via genetic improvement is considered as the most promising and cost-effective approach to contribute to a healthy and nutritious diet, which provides the consumer with the necessary quantity of nutrients for good health. To facilitate breeding for increased nutritional quality, it is necessary to identify the genetic determinants underlying various nutrients and to develop markers allowing this selection. Currently, genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) is the most powerful approach for determining the genetic basis of a trait. In the most favorable cases, not only do these analyses make it possible to identify genomic regions which control all or part of the trait of interest, but they can even make it possible to identify candidate genes which play a direct role in the trait of interest. The goals of this thesis were to determine the genetic basis of key components of the nutritional value of soybeans, namely the seed content in sulfur amino acids (Cys / Met) and four major mineral elements (Ca, K, P and S). In both cases, a GWAS was performed on a collection of 137 lines representative of the genetic diversity encountered in early-maturing Canadian soybeans. In part 1, Cys and Met content were measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) on seed from five environments in total. Genotypic data for 2.2 M single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to perform an association analysis. In an initial discovery phase based on the data from two environments, we were able to identify a total of ten genomic regions (QTL), most of which were identified for the first time. To ensure the reliability and reproducibility of these QTLs, we validated a large majority of these in three additional environments. These QTLs allowed us to identify two candidate genes, both of which code for proteins involved in cysteine synthesis. In part 2, mineral content was measured in seed of the same 137 lines using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) harvested from five environments in total. The association analyses were carried out with the same genotypic data set (2.2 M SNP) as in part 1. Eight QTLs significantly associated with the Ca, K, P and S content were identified by at least two of the three statistical models used. These QTLs were found to be highly reproducible as they influenced the studied traits in three additional environments. Indeed, seven of the eight QTLs were validated in this fashion. For these QTLs regions, we were able to identify thee candidate gene annotated as being involved in the transport or the assimilation of these mineral elements. Compared to previous studies, the high density of markers used in this study has contributed to the reproducible detection of several new loci associated with the content of sulfur amino acids or mineral elements. In addition, it has made it possible to identify promising candidate genes. The markers and genes identified in this study will be useful for the genetic improvement of soybeans through marker-assisted selection.
Desvignes, Thomas. "Bases moléculaires de la qualité des œufs chez les poissons : analyse fonctionnelle du rôle de gènes candidats de la famille des Nme/Nm23". Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSARB216.
In metazoans, early embryonic development relies on gene products, RNAs or proteins, stored in the egg during oogenesis. A previous analysis of oocytes proteome in good and poor quality eggs in sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax showed a correlation between the developmental potential of the egg and a protein of the Nme family. This gene family is well known in mammals, but very little was known in teleosts. The aim of the work was thus to characterize this gene family in teleost fish and to study the contribution of the Nme gene to oocyte developmental competence in zebrafish Danio rerio. Egg quality, also called oocyte developmental competence, can be defined as the ability of an egg to be fertilized and subsequently develop into a normal embryo. Through a phylogenetic analysis, the evolutionary history of the Nme gene family in metazoans was deciphered and, paralogy and orthology relationships demonstrated. This led us to propose a unified gene nomenclature for the gene family that is now well accepted by the scientific community. The expression analysis of all genes of the Nme family led to the identification of several candidate genes that could be implicated in oocyte developmental competence. One specific member, nme10, is maternally‐inherited as a messenger RNA in the egg, and was shown to be implicated in early zebrafish embryonic development by functional experiments. This work not only provides a global characterization of the gene family in teleost fish and a unified gene nomenclature, but also provides some new insight into the understanding of oocyte developmental competence mechanisms
Henocq, Vincent. "Étude de l'amélioration de la qualité de l'agar par désulfaltation". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD607.
Poliakov, Vitalii. "Amélioration de la qualité d'expérience vidéo en combinant streaming adaptif, caching réseau et multipath". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4203/document.
Video traffic volume grew considerably in recent years and is forecasted to reach 82% of the total Internet traffic by 2021, doubling its net volume as compared to today. Such growth overloads Internet Service Providers' networks (ISPs), which negatively impacts users' Quality of Experience (QoE). This thesis attempts to tackle the problem of improving users' video QoE without relying on network upgrades. For this, we have chosen to combine such technologies as in-network caching, HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), and multipath data transport. We start with exploration of interaction between HAS and caching; we confirm the need of cache-awareness in quality adaptation algorithms and propose such an extension to a state-of-the-art optimisation-based algorithm. Concluding on the difficulty of achieving cache-awareness, we take a step back to study a video delivery system on a large scale, where in-network caches are represented by Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). They deploy caches inside ISPs and dispose of their own outside video servers. As a novelty, we consider users to have a simultaneous connectivity to several ISP networks. This allows video clients either to access outside multipath servers with aggregate bandwidth (which may increase their QoE, but will also bring more traffic into ISP), or stream their content from a closer cache through only single connectivity (bringing less traffic into ISP). This disagreement in ISP and CDN objectives leads to suboptimal system performance. In response to this, we develop a collaboration scheme between two actors, performance of which can approach optimal boundary for certain settings, and discuss its practical implementation
Chabrier, Patrick. "Amélioration de la qualité et du rendement matière des sciages : cas des scies circulaires". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10056.
For many years, circular saws are more and more used in sawmills. Production imperatives, evolution of customer needs, technology progresses, make the sawmillers choose more and more often circular saws for rip sawing, though kerf losses in this case are higher than for bandsaw blades. So as to increase lumber yield, researches have been made in reducing kerf losses by decreasing saw body. Width, which affects its rigidity, thus its stability. But circular saw vibrations are known to be the worst phenomenon during cutting. So we aim to find the best compromise between problems involved by kerf, saw stability, lumber yield improvement and sawing accuracy. First, we have studied research works made on static and dynamic behaviour, during idling or cutting, of circular saws. Thus, we have been able to identify the main parameters affecting saw stability, centrifugai forces, residual stresses from tensioning, blade temperature and lateral cutting forces. Then, we have introduced these parameters in a finite element analysis so as to compute the bending deflexion of circular saw. Finally, we have developed an experimental device, based on sorne units of an industrial edger, so as to validate this numerical work and face the industrial demand. Thus, in collaboration with a cutting tools manufacturer, we have been able to research the best conditions to prepare circular saws for a cutting process
El, Khalifa Moulay Ahmed. "Amélioration de la qualité des images en tomographie microonde : contribution à une imagerie quantitative". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112203.
Scibilia, Bruno. "Développement et amélioration des méthodes d'optimisation des procédés par les plans d'expériences". Angers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ANGE0004.
The quality improvement approach presented in this thesis is based on the taguchi method. Design of experiments are useful to reduce the variability of the performance of a product during its manufacture or use. The objective is to design products, or to adjust process parameters, in such a way that they are more robust to environmental fluctuations. The proposed approach is to model the impact of controllable factors on the effects of noise factors rather than using the taguchi signal-to-noise ratio as an answer. The advantage of this approach is its efficiency in terms of information obtained and its level of accuracy. A sequential approach to eliminate ambiguities due to the existence of confusions in fractional designs is also proposed. This is a problem that experimenters often face. This approach is based on the use of nested designs
Balin, Savaş. "Amélioration de processus de production de services par la simulation". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090020.
The purpose of this thesis is to study the improvement of services production. We begin the first part by discussing service concepts. We examine two points of view: “conceived quality” and “perceived quality”. Process improvement consists in a process transformation which aims at increasing system “effectiveness” and “efficiency”. We defend that the use of simulation is essential for the instrumentation of services process conception and transformation. In the second part, we discuss simulation techniques: “Object Based Simulation (OBS)”, “Object Oriented Simulation (OOS)” and “Multi-Agent Based Simulation (MABS)”. We claim that OBS can be sufficient to realize objectives mentioned above and to model some of the most important perceived quality dimensions, which is not the common use of this technique. We finish our thesis by discussing the contribution of the simulation on an extremely complex example, a hospital emergency department
Delannoy, Geneviève. "Evaluation multicritère de la qualité d'un projet de restructuration de réseau d'assainissement". Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0039.
Ln France, for about ten years, studies of drainage system structuration were made to try to solve observed bad workings (flooding, increased pollution of natural environment). Sewer network is in contact with human being, city, and natural environment (sail, lake, river, sea). There is a lot of interactions and it is necessary to take the problem in the aggregate. Our aim was to propose a method to choose a solution between all possible solutions of restructuration. First we made a list of criteria which are able to value con sequences of a project. They belong to four fields hydrology and hydraulic, impact on natural environment, cost and different nuisances. They can be quantitative or qualitative. After, we defined the way to value some of criteria (we used existing tools). We could not build all evaluation tools for lack of theoretical knowledges of time. After that, we chose a multi criteria method to class the to help to take the decision. Finally, we built a software prototype to prove that our is usable into practice
Talon, Olivier. "Amélioration de la résistance au choc du polyamide 12 par dispersion de polybutadiène. Etude des relations synthèse - structure - propriétés". INSA de Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAM0005.
Beaudoin, Sylvie. "Amélioration de la qualité de l'animation dans les activités de Québec en forme (Projet Aqua)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/755.
Chebbo, Salim. "Méthodes à compléxite réduite pour amélioration de la qualité des séquences vidéo codées par blocks". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0026.
The objective of this thesis is to propose real time solutions in order to reduce the video compression impairments namely the blocking, the ringing and the temporal flickering. The proposed deblocking filter is mainly based on an adaptive conditional two-dimensional filter, derived from the combination in horizontal and vertical directions of a simple two-mode conditional 1-d filter. Appropriate filters are selected using the local degradation of the image, which is assessed by examining he quantization step as well as the computed spatial pixel activities. The ringing artifact reduction algorithm uses a simple classification method to differentiate at and edge blocks, which are then filtered using a particular weighted median filter. Regarding the temporal impairments, we proposed a new measure to assess the level of these impairments and accordingly estimate the temporal quality of the decoded sequences. The preliminary study of the temporal compression artifacts demonstrated that the level of the temporal fluctuation between consecutive frames is affected by the compression ratio and the group of pictures structure, notably the presence (and period) of intra coded frames in the video sequence. It was also shown that the deringing process reduces the visibility of the mosquito noise, however a temporal filtering remains necessary to reduce the background areas fluctuation. For this reason, we proposed to temporally filter these areas and skip the temporal filtering of moving objects. Finally, the implementation complexity of the proposed solutions was investigated in order to prove the applicability of these solutions for real time applications
Vanappelghem, Clara. "Amélioration et contrôle de la qualité de chicorées mâles stériles cytoplasmsiques à cytoplasme 41. 1". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_184.pdf.
Diop, Awa. "Évaluation et amélioration de l'échantillonnage par lot pour l'assurance de la qualité (LQAS) pour le suivi de programmes d'aide humanitaire". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30664.
Introduced by Dodge and Romig [1959] and popularized by Valadez [1991], Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) is a method widely used by tremendous organizations to tracking their activities (Robertson and Valadez [2006]). It is a simple and economical approach which allow them to make quick decisions about resource allocation. The approach proposed by Valadez consists in carrying out the usual exact binomial test on a proportion where we control both the a and b errors to choose a n size and a critical c threshold. In this study, several issues related to the use of LQAS in practice have been identified and we assessed their impact on Type I and Type II errors. Then, we proposed several solutions such as Fisher’s exact test, Barnard’s exact test, as well as a test based on the normal approximation with and without transformation arcsin( p x) by checking for each of them a and b. We also raised the problem of multiple comparison and proposed a correction using the Bonferroni framework. Finally, we developed a Shiny application on R (https://lqasdesign.shinyapps.io/app1/) to facilitate the practical implementation of each these methods.
Turon, Fabrice. "Amélioration de la qualité nutritionnelle d'une huile de thon : biofaçonnement par une enzyme végétale naturellement supportée". Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPTA001.
Cerutti, Xavier. "Modélisation numérique et analyse mécanique de l'usinage de grandes pièces aéronautiques : Amélioration de la qualité d'usinage". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0029/document.
The manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural aerospace parts involves multiple forming (rolling, forging, etc.) and heat treatment steps. The mechanical and thermal loads that the workpieces undergo during these manufacturing steps result in unequal plastic deformation and in metallurgical changes which are both sources of residual stresses. Machining is usually the last manufacturing step during which the final geometry of the parts is obtained. Up to 90% of the initial volume of the workpiece can be removed during the machining of aerospace structural parts which can furthermore have complex geometries. The residual stress redistribution is one of the main causes of the non-conformity of parts with the geometrical and dimensional tolerance specifications and therefore of the rejection of parts.Nowadays, initial residual stresses and their effect during the machining are often not taken into account in the definition of the machining process plan. This work aims to propose an evolution in the establishment of machining process plans of aluminium structural parts. It has been organised along two principal lines of research: a numerical line and a mechanical analysis line.The numerical line is based on the development of a modelling approach and of a numerical tool adapted to the simulation of the machining process. The modelling approach has been defined based on assumptions deduced from literature reviews on aluminium alloys, on the machining process and on residual stresses. A massive material removal approach has then been developed. All the numerical developments have been implemented into the finite element software FORGE® and are suited to a parallel computing environment.The mechanical analysis line is based on the study of the residual stress redistribution and its effect on the workpiece deflections during the machining as well as on the post-machining distortion. A first study on the layer removal method used to determine the initial residual stress profiles in an AIRWARE® 2050-T84 2050-T84 alloy rolled plate has been realised. The simulation of these experiments has allowed a first validation of the numerical tool and to demonstrate the necessity to define machining process plans in function of the residual stresses. Other studies on the influence of some machining process parameters on the machining quality have then been performed. Simulation results have been validated by multiple comparisons with experimental tests, showing the capability of the numerical tool to predict the final machined part geometries.Using the results of the studies mentioned above, a numerical procedure and first recommendations for the definition of machining process plans allowing to obtain the desired machining quality depending on the initial residual stresses have been established
Niaré, Tiéma M. "Simplification du protocole de pesées des agneaux en ferme". Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT011A.
Marquet, Richard. "Effluents de lits bactérien à faible charge : amélioration des connaissances et de la qualité par filtration tangentielle". Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT006G.
Houyvet, Baptiste. "Identification de peptides antibactériens d'origine marine : Amélioration de la qualité et de la survie du naissain d'huître". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC206.
The first larval stages of oyster (Magallana gigas) are key steps in the smooth running of the zootechnical course and inthe sustainability of hatcheries, where mortality levels can be high. That is why we searched for new antimicrobialpeptides (AMPs) on two marine organisms, i.e. lionfish (Pterois volitans), which is invasive in the Caribbean Sea, and thecommon cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), which is present in French oyster production areas. The search for AMPs wascarried out preferentially from de novo transcriptomes from these two animals. In lionfish, BLAST analyses allowed forthe identification of 7 transcripts encoding AMPs. Four of them shared strong sequence homology (> 90% identity) withAMPs rich in cysteines and close to hepcidin, LEAP-2, NK-lysin and b-defensin identified in other fish. The other 3transcripts, annotated pteroicidins A, B and C, coded for piscidin-related peptides. The presence of b-defensin andpteroicidin a encoded by pteroicidin A was confirmed in lionfish skin extracts by mass spectrometry. An in-depth studywas conducted on two amide and non-amide forms of pteroicidin a, as well as on several peptides of different sizesderived from pteroicidins B and C. The results highlighted a relationship between structure, amidation, and theantibacterial and hemolytic activities of these different pteroicidins. On the other hand, no AMP was highlighted in theSepia officinalis model using conventional approaches coupling purification and antibacterial tests or BLAST approaches.We therefore developed a more original approach that relies on the design of peptides starting from the transcriptome.Starting from 811 small cysteine-free peptides from the APD database, we determined recurring criteria for charge,hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition. Based on these criteria and on CAMP prediction tools, twelve peptides weresynthesized. Five of them revealed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities. Non-hemolytic antibacterial peptidesderived from cuttlefish were transferred to the hatchery. This transfer was optimized thanks to a preliminary study onthe de novo K4 peptide, which is particularly active on vibrios. The study highlighted the importance of antibacterialpeptide safety on the various links of the trophic chain including oyster, and the importance of the targeted stage ofdevelopment. In addition, we addressed the fate of antibacterial peptides to ensure their biodegradability. Altogether,this work not only helped to identify new AMPs but also to provide the first data on the potential use of these peptidesas an alternative to antibiotics
Houyvet, Baptiste. "Identification de peptides antibactériens d'origine marine : Amélioration de la qualité et de la survie du naissain d'huître". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC206.
The first larval stages of oyster (Magallana gigas) are key steps in the smooth running of the zootechnical course and inthe sustainability of hatcheries, where mortality levels can be high. That is why we searched for new antimicrobialpeptides (AMPs) on two marine organisms, i.e. lionfish (Pterois volitans), which is invasive in the Caribbean Sea, and thecommon cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), which is present in French oyster production areas. The search for AMPs wascarried out preferentially from de novo transcriptomes from these two animals. In lionfish, BLAST analyses allowed forthe identification of 7 transcripts encoding AMPs. Four of them shared strong sequence homology (> 90% identity) withAMPs rich in cysteines and close to hepcidin, LEAP-2, NK-lysin and b-defensin identified in other fish. The other 3transcripts, annotated pteroicidins A, B and C, coded for piscidin-related peptides. The presence of b-defensin andpteroicidin a encoded by pteroicidin A was confirmed in lionfish skin extracts by mass spectrometry. An in-depth studywas conducted on two amide and non-amide forms of pteroicidin a, as well as on several peptides of different sizesderived from pteroicidins B and C. The results highlighted a relationship between structure, amidation, and theantibacterial and hemolytic activities of these different pteroicidins. On the other hand, no AMP was highlighted in theSepia officinalis model using conventional approaches coupling purification and antibacterial tests or BLAST approaches.We therefore developed a more original approach that relies on the design of peptides starting from the transcriptome.Starting from 811 small cysteine-free peptides from the APD database, we determined recurring criteria for charge,hydrophobicity, and amino acid composition. Based on these criteria and on CAMP prediction tools, twelve peptides weresynthesized. Five of them revealed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities. Non-hemolytic antibacterial peptidesderived from cuttlefish were transferred to the hatchery. This transfer was optimized thanks to a preliminary study onthe de novo K4 peptide, which is particularly active on vibrios. The study highlighted the importance of antibacterialpeptide safety on the various links of the trophic chain including oyster, and the importance of the targeted stage ofdevelopment. In addition, we addressed the fate of antibacterial peptides to ensure their biodegradability. Altogether,this work not only helped to identify new AMPs but also to provide the first data on the potential use of these peptidesas an alternative to antibiotics
Deeb, Salah. "Contribution méthodologique à la maîtrise conjointe de la qualité d'un produit et de ses processus de production par une modélisation des concepts qualité". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321445.
La norme ISO 9000 :2000 [Afnor 2000] définit la qualité comme une « aptitude d'un ensemble des caractéristiques intrinsèques à satisfaire des exigences ». Cette qualité est considérée par [Dessinoz 2000] comme un processus d'entreprise intégré avec les autres processus tels que la production et la maintenance. Dans l'ingénierie système, la norme ISO/IEC 15288 classifie le processus de management de la qualité comme un des processus d'entreprise cohabitant avec les processus du projet, les processus contractuels et les processus techniques. L'objectif de ce processus dans l'ingénierie est donc d'assurer que les produits, services et processus du cycle de vie d'un système satisfont à la fois les objectifs qualité de l'entreprise et du client [ISO/IEC15288 2002].
Ainsi, au sens de l'Ingénierie Système (IS), le processus qualité est en lien avec plusieurs processus de différents types et n'est donc pas limité à une fonction particulière en entreprise [Lopez 2006] ou n'est pas sous la responsabilité d'un seul département [Gogue 2000]. En ce sens, la qualité se décline ainsi sur les niveaux stratégique, tactique et opérationnel de l'entreprise.
D'un point de vue stratégique, la qualité est considérée comme une démarche globale dans l'entreprise devant assurer la satisfaction de l'ensemble de ses partenaires. Ce niveau intègre toutes les activités qualité relatives à l'amélioration de la performance globale, à la certification selon la norme ISO 9000 ainsi qu'au management de la qualité en tant que démarche.
Du point de vue tactique, le processus qualité opère à ce niveau plus spécifiquement sur les processus de type techniques tels que la production et la maintenance. Il contient des activités relatives à la maîtrise de la qualité des produits et la qualité de processus de production au sens large. Cette activité doit être coordonnée avec les activités du niveau stratégique.
Enfin, le point de vue opérationnel a pour objectif de mettre en place les moyens et les actions pour vérifier que les résultats des processus techniques sont conformes aux exigences spécifiées en terme de qualité, réaliser les contrôles et traiter les non-conformités. Cette activité doit être coordonnée avec les activités du niveau tactique.
La collaboration versus intégration entre les niveaux soulève encore de nombreuses problématiques à la fois industrielles et scientifiques à ce jour pour faire du processus qualité, un véritable processus au sens système couvrant l'ensemble du cycle de vie du produit/processus. Par exemple des entreprises comme ALSTOM-Moteurs qui est à l'initiative de ces travaux, ont besoin de méthodologie (de guide) qui formalise et intègre la qualité principalement au niveau tactique (i.e. capacité décisionnelle confiée à des équipes autonomes) en relation avec les deux autres niveaux pour améliorer sa performance globale. L'objectif de cette méthodologie est de maîtriser conjointement la qualité du produit et la qualité de leurs processus de production dans une approche cycle de vie du processus de maîtrise de la qualité (de la conception jusqu'à l'exploitation). Relativement à ces besoins de formalisation et d'intégration, des méthodes, des méthodologies et des approches qualité existent à ce jour qui supportent tout ou partie du processus qualité inhérent à un niveau ou à l'interconnexion entre niveaux. Les méthodes, et les approches les plus couramment utilisées sont QFD, Six Sigma, AMDEC, ...
Une des approches significatives par rapport à la problématique d'intégration est le TQM (Total Quality Management) qui se positionne dans les différents niveaux structurels en entreprise [Rodney 2006]. Un des objectifs de cette approche qualité est d'améliorer et de maîtriser la qualité du processus de production pour maîtriser la qualité du produit. [Hellsten 2000] a défini le TQM comme un système de management constitué de trois composants qui sont mutuellement dépendants : « core values », méthodologies et outils/méthodes. Cette approche présente un intérêt particulier puisqu'elle permet d'intégrer, au sein des composantes, différentes méthodes et méthodologies qualité telles que QFD, AMDEC, SPC, ... Cependant, ces méthodes et méthodologies sont souvent « informelles » car décrites sous une base textuelle ou graphique [Dale 1990] [Juan 2004]. Elles ne contiennent donc pas une phase de formalisation des concepts qualité dans leur phase de conceptualisation indispensable pour la maîtrise et l'amélioration de la qualité [Marcotte 1995]. Aussi, les méthodologies applicables au niveau tactique permettent difficilement d'améliorer (maîtriser) simultanément la qualité du produit et la qualité de ses processus de production [Ettlie 1994]. De plus, la plupart de ces méthodologies sont applicables dans la phase de d'exploitation mais peu d'entre elles autre que le QFD [Govers 1996], le sont en conception [McClusky, 2000].
Pour répondre simultanément aux besoins industriels genèse de cette thèse et au manque de formalisation préalablement mentionné, notre contribution porte sur la proposition d'une approche qualité générique permettant de formaliser le processus qualité au niveau tactique en intégration avec les autres niveaux opérationnel et stratégique en entreprise. Notre approche se positionne en cohérence avec une approche TQM dans l'objectif de maîtriser et d'améliorer conjointement la qualité du produit et la qualité de ses processus de production. Cette première formalisation (car ne couvrant pas tous les points de vue de la qualité) doit permettre de modéliser de façon générique le processus qualité de niveau tactique et ses interactions nécessaires pour en réaliser l'intégration à la fois avec les autres niveaux stratégiques et opérationnels mais aussi avec les autres processus tel que le processus maintenance pour assurer la performance globale en entreprise. Cette approche de formalisation s'intègre dans le cadre de modélisation Zachman [Zachman 1987] offrant une cohérence relativement aux différents modèles à réaliser.
Par rapport à cette formalisation, l'originalité de notre contribution réside dans une première unification, sous la forme de méta-modèles, des concepts qualité sur la base:
• de l'approche processus définit dans la norme ISO 9000 :2000 de « niveau tactique ». L'édition de la nouvelle version ISO 9000 :2005 n'impacte pas notre proposition dans le sens où les changements apportés à l'ancienne version ne concernent pas les concepts qualité modélisés dans notre approche qualité.
• de la fonction « management de qualité » telle que prôné par la norme IEC/ISO62264 «niveau management »,
• de méthodes qualité telle que l'AMDEC, la MSP, l'APR, le Poka-yoké,
• de la modélisation d'indicateurs qualité.
Cette approche se veut donc exploitable de la conception à l'exploitation du processus de maîtrise de la qualité. Dans la phase de conception, notre contribution doit offrir un guide qui aide l'ingénieur qualité, d'abord pour, développer un modèle spécifique par une phase d'instanciation du méta-modèle support de la méthodologie (en cohérence avec le TQM), ensuite d'exécuter la méthode qualité adéquate au moment opportun, et finalement de calculer des indicateurs qualité (phase d'évaluation). Dans la phase d'exploitation, la connaissance formalisée et structurée dans le modèle spécifique (l'ensemble des instances) est directement transposable dans un formalisme compréhensible par l'opérateur sur site (i.e. pages Web) pour mieux suivre et anticiper les dérives qualité du produit/processus principalement sur les axes surveillance, diagnostic et action. Pour faciliter l'utilisation de notre approche qualité, nous avons proposé une automatisation de cette approche à l'aide l'outil MEGA.
Notre contribution est ainsi exposée dans ce manuscrit sous la forme de 4 chapitres complémentaires. Le premier chapitre introduit, dans un premier temps, une définition d'un processus qualité au sein de l'entreprise et des points de vue à ce processus. Certains points de vue sont repris pour introduire la problématique industrielle qui est la genèse de ces travaux de thèse. Ceci nous amène à positionner le processus qualité sur les différents niveaux structurels de l'entreprise en mettant en évidence un certain nombre de verrous scientifiques comme la modélisation et l'intégration du processus qualité dans l'entreprise afin de maîtriser et d'améliorer la qualité du produit/processus. Sur la base de ce positionnement, le deuxième chapitre nous permet de présenter un état de l'art recensant les travaux principaux sur les aspects « modèles, méthodes et méthodologies » liés à la formalisation et à l'intégration du processus qualité pour répondre à l'objectif d'une plus grande maîtrise et amélioration de la qualité conjointe produit/processus. Ce recensement met en évidence de réelles problématiques scientifiques non totalement résolues à ce jour pour satisfaire au besoin de formalisation et d'intégration. Ces manques justifient le contenu du chapitre 3 dédié à la définition de la méthodologie proposée (le guide) et qui se base sur un principe de méta-modélisation de concepts qualité garant de la généricité attendue. La méthodologie, construite sur 3 étapes, se positionne en cohérence avec le TQM et permet de formaliser l'interdépendance entre les trois composantes du TQM. Enfin le chapitre 4 décrit, d'une part, l'automatisation de cette méthodologie à l'aide de l'outil MEGA afin de la rendre accessible à tous ingénieurs qualité, et d'autre part, une faisabilité de cette méthodologie sur un cas d'application manufacturier de type tournage couvrant la phase de conception et d'exploitation. Le passage du méta-modèle au modèle spécifique (phase de conception) du processus de tournage est réalisé par une procédure d'instanciation supportée par l'outil.
Besson, François. "Mélanges de polymères thermoplastiques à matrice biosourcée : amélioration de la résistance au choc d'un dérivé cellulosique". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00971268.
Swoboda, Benjamin. "Amélioration du comportement au feu de polyéthylène téréphtalate et d'alliages polyéthylène téréphtalate/polycarbonate recyclés". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199193.
Abouzahir, Omar. "Conception d'un outil de mesure et de réduction des coûts de non qualité : application au pilotage des processus industriels". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002197.
Marton, Monika. "Recherche de critères de sélection des graminées fourragères pour la qualité, basé sur des références avec animaux". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112466.
Chauchard, Fabien. "Amélioration de la robustesse des mesures en spectrométrie proche-infrarouge sur produits biologiques". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20209.
Wikarsa, Saleh. "Génie des produits formules : amélioration des spécifications de l'Ibuprofène, principe actif peu hydrosoluble, par le procédé d'atomisation". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON13505.
Bassetto, Samuel. "Contribution à la qualification et amélioration des moyens de production : application à une usine de recherche et production de semiconducteurs". Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0009.
Industrial production of manufactured goods enables, through a well designed organization and adapted actions, to raise quality of thousand products at the highest level. This thesis is involved in quality continuous improvement by actions on manufacturing systems. It is applied to integrated circuit manufactures. These industries are constrained by a high product turn rate, a short period of time of high leveled return on investments, a customer requirement of high level of quality, a requirement of profitability for research and production facilities. These industries are facing short cycle time for learning and mastering their technologies while maximizing their benefits. That is why constant quality improvement is a stratégic goal for theses industries. Quality cannot be only announced but have also to be operationally applied and to go over domain constraints. For that, we propose an entreprise model to qualify and improve manufacturing system in a dynamic and operational manner so as sustaining business knowledge and improving business excellence. The model is built form results of our two industrial study cases. The dissertation starts with a presentation of process control and its main objective. The second chapter deals with a presentation of process control and its main objective. The second chapter deals with operational risks management. The third chapter deals with statistical process control of plant's facilities. The entreprise model is then built in the fourth chapter by aggregating resuts form the two previous analyses. Recommendation for the model implementation to other industries concludes the dissertation
Belgued, Youssef. "Amélioration de la qualité géométrique des images spatiales radar : méthodes de localisation et restitution du relief par radargrammétrie". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT019H.
Thouras, Jordan. "Amélioration des performances électriques d’un module de mélange optoélectronique privilégiant des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs : Applications dans les charges utiles de satellites". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0127/document.
Nowadays, Satellite telecommunications are becoming very popular and the number of subscribers worldwide is always growing. Wherever the optical fiber cannot be deployed, they are a reliable way to provide very high data rates to the users, whose activities are becoming more and more bandwidth-hungry (HD video, video conferencing, downloading, cloud computing, online games ...). They also guarantee very large coverage areas. In order to follow the market needs satellite payload designers have to increase the number of on-board equipment, which affects the volume and mass of the systems and therefore the launching cost. One of the solutions to solve the problem consists in using optical technologies. It has been demonstrated by Thales Alenia Space that In the case of a reference signal distribution system for 64 devices, a weight reduction of about 70% could be obtained. In this context we have developed 7 RF frequencydown-converters based on photonic semiconductor components. The down-converters are key components of satellite payloads, as their aim is to isolate uplink transmissions (ground to satellite) and downlink (satellite to ground) to avoid interference. Performance of the 7 architectures, incorporating electro-absorption modulators (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) were evaluated through various simulations and by calculating the conversion gain, noise figure, RF/IF and LO/IF isolations, the C/I3 ratio and the coordinates of the third order intercept point. We obtained interesting results, first data for futur works,and showed that these converters are compatible with many frequency plans in Ku/Ku, ku+/Ku, and Ka/Ka bands. Manipulations were also led and validated the theoretical models used in simulations