Tesi sul tema "Altitude, Influence of"
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Croft, Quentin. "Human responses to simulated high altitude". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711614.
Testo completoChambre, Muriel. "Altitude et coronaropathie : à propos de patients réadaptés en haute et moyenne altitude : étude ergonométrique et ventilatoire". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M138.
Testo completoHinckson, Erica A. "Effect of simulated altitude exposure on sea level performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2004". Full thesis. Abstract, 2004.
Cerca il testo completoWood, Matthew R. "Effects of altitude exposure combined with sea level training on sea level performance a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology for the degree of Master of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, September 2003". Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WoodM.pdf.
Testo completoMason, Nicholas. "Mechanisms of altitude-related cough". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209711.
Testo completoWidespread reports have long existed of a debilitating cough affecting visitors to high altitude that can incapacitate the sufferer and, on occasions, be severe enough to cause rib fractures (22, 34, 35). The prevalence of cough at altitude has been estimated to be between 22 and 42% at between 4200 and 4900 m in the Everest region of Nepal (10, 29). Traditionally the cough was attributed to the inspiration of the cold, dry air characteristic of the high altitude environment (37) but no attempts were made to confirm this aetiology. In the first formal study of cough at high altitude, nocturnal cough frequency was found to increase with increasing altitude during a trek to Everest Base Camp (5300 m) and massively so in 3 climbers on whom recordings were made up to 7000 m on Everest (8). After 9 days at 5300 m the citric acid cough threshold, a measure of the sensitivity of the cough reflex arc, was significantly reduced compared with both sea level and arrival at 5300 m.
During Operation Everest II, a simulated climb of Mount Everest in a hypobaric chamber, the majority of the subjects were troubled above 7000 m by pain and dryness in the throat and an irritating cough despite the chamber being maintained at a relative humidity of between 72 and 82% and a temperature of 23ºC (18). This argued against the widely held view that altitude-related cough was due to the inspiration of cold, dry air.
In the next major hypobaric chamber study, Operation Everest III, nocturnal cough frequency and citric acid cough threshold were measured on the 8 subjects in the study. The chamber temperature was maintained between 18 and 24ºC and relative humidity between 30 and 60% (24). This work is presented in Chapter 2 and, demonstrated an increase in nocturnal cough frequency with increasing altitude which immediately returned to control values on descent to sea level. Citric acid cough threshold was reduced at 8000 m compared to both sea level and 5000 m values. Changes in citric acid cough threshold at lower altitudes may not have been detected because of the constraints on subject numbers in the chamber. The study still however demonstrated an increase in clinical cough and a reduction in the citric acid cough threshold at extreme altitude, despite controlled environmental conditions, and thus refuted the long held belief that altitude-related cough is solely due to the inspiration of cold, dry air.
If altitude-related cough is not simply due to the inspiration of cold, dry air, other possible aetiologies are:
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Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Reig, Thierry. "Polyglobulie d'adaptation à l'altitude". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P015.
Testo completoPulfrey, Simon M. "Energy expenditure and requirement while climbing at extreme altitude". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23288.
Testo completoRobach, Paul. "Exercice supramaximal répété en hypoxie". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05S034.
Testo completoSimmons, Grant H. 1981. "Cutaneous vasodilation at simulated high altitude: Impacts on human thermoregulation and vasoconstrictor function". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9495.
Testo completoDuring acute altitude exposure, humans maintain higher skin temperature and lower core body temperature. However, the role of cutaneous vascular regulation in these thermoregulatory differences is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of these studies was to investigate the impact of altitude exposure on reflex control of skin blood flow and core temperature during cold exposure. In Chapter IV, the effects of hypoxia and hypocapnia on cutaneous vasoconstriction during mild cold exposure were investigated. We found that hypoxia stimulates cutaneous vasodilation in men whereas skin blood flow is unaltered in women. However, during whole body cooling skin blood flow is upward shifted in both sexes. The development of hypocapnia does not affect the vascular response to hypoxia in either sex, but reduces the magnitude of cutaneous vasoconstriction during cold exposure by 50% in women. In Chapter V, we studied the timecourse of α-adrenergic blockade by yohimbine in the cutaneous circulation and how the duration of cold exposure modulates cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction during cold stress. We found that yohimbine produces functional α-adrenergic blockade within 30 minutes of initial delivery and completely abolishes reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction during mild cold stress. This latter finding was surprising, and an additional protocol demonstrated that cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction only participates in the vascular response to cold stress when the exposure is more prolonged. In Chapter VI, the effects of hypoxia on cutaneous vasoconstrictor mechanisms and core cooling rate were tested during more prolonged and severe cold stress. In contrast to our findings during brief cold exposure, we showed that cutaneous vasoconstriction during prolonged cold stress is potentiated by hypoxia and abolishes hypoxic vasodilation. Moreover, increased cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction appears to account for this response. Hypoxia had no effect on core cooling rate during severe cold exposure. The selective potentiation of cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction observed during hypoxia in Chapter VI provided the basis for Chapter VII. This study was designed to test the effect of hypoxia on cutaneous vascular responsiveness to peripherally stimulated sympathetic vasoconstriction. The results demonstrated that α-adrenergic vasoconstrictor transduction is not affected by hypoxia, and that stimulation of adrenergic nerves with tyramine does not elicit cotransmitter-mediated vasoconstriction in skin.
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Martin, Régis. "Biodiversité génétique et structurelle chez Rana temporaria L. (Amphibia : Anura) : approche intégrative le long d'un gradient altitudinal". Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS001.
Testo completoSince Earth Conference (Rio 1992), to preserve biodiversity, it's necessary to work from gene levels to ecosystem one. Unfortunately, although a widespread knowledge, this definition was misused. At intra-specific level, Management Units of conservation (MUs) were usually only based on genetic diversity. Many examples have shown it's limitation. The aims of this work was to describe Rana temporaria intra-specific diversity along an altitudinal in northern Alps, because amphibians are the most endangered vertebrates over the world. Ln behavioural ecology, radiotracking study did not pointed out variation in mobility but in habitat preferences, especially to aestivate and to over winter. Forests were highly used but animaIs tan compensate its absence. At lowland in anthropogenic landscape, connectedness GIS simulation exhibited population fragmentation, unravelled by microsatellite analysis. On the opposite, in natural highland landscape, populations were isolated by distance. Ln life histories diversity, a detailed analysis of life-history traits pointed out at lowland an "explosive" reproductive strategy whereas at highland, a "long breeders" one. Sexual maturation was genetically based and common frog exhibit local adaptations in larval developmental rate
Obert, Philippe. "Effet de l'altitude et du statut socio-économique et nutritionnel sur les capacités physiques de l'enfant". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF22510.
Testo completoLetout, Aurélia. "Effets de l'hypoxie sur le phénotype musculaire, de l'exposition aigüe à l'adaptation naturelle". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10154.
Testo completoBovet, Laurent. "Optimisation conceptuelle de la croisière : Application aux avions de transport civils". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22001.
Testo completoThe choice of the cruise altitude during the preliminary design phase of an aircraft is fundamental for the performance. For most subsonic airliners, the cruise altitude is close to 30 000 ft. The present work is aimed at demonstrating the existence of an ad hoc altitude that must be identified during the preliminary design phase to maximize the performance of the aircraft. To make this demonstration, as for the entire work, an aircraft design approach has been adopted, based on the use of simple but pertinent models which have been validated with data of existing transport aircraft. The sensitivity of the conceptual optimum cruise altitude to take-off constraints and cruise Mach number has been evaluated. In particular, the cruise altitude of turbo prop commuters has been confirmed. The size effect of the aircraft on the optimum cruise altitude has also been studied. It has been demonstrated that the conceptual optimum cruise altitude decreases as the size of the aircraft increases
Cossio, Bolaños Marco Antonio. "Crescimento fisico e desempenho motor em crianças de 6 a 12 anos de condição socio-economica media da area urbana da provincia de Arequipa-Peru". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274989.
Testo completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T23:56:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CossioBolanos_MarcoAntonio_M.pdf: 1051790 bytes, checksum: 76555c654d14138b7c3f134813b01173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
Schneider, Jean-Christophe. "Evaluation de la synthèse et de l'activité du monoxyde d'azote en hypoxie d'altitude : effet d'une supplémentation en L-Arginine sur le tonus vasculaire pulmonaire". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11168.
Testo completoOulié, Christophe. "Le sommeil chez le sujet normal et polyglobulique d'altitude (3850 m) : organisation du sommeil, saturation artérielle en O2, périodicités ventilatoire et cardiovasculaire : à propos de huit exemples". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25175.
Testo completoAbdi, Omar Mohamed 1957. "INFLUENCE OF COARSE FRAGMENTS AND SUN ANGLE ALTITUDE ON THE REFLECTANCE OF SOILS". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275478.
Testo completoDelayance, Serge. "Modification des reponses du baroreflexe lors de stimulations par low body negative pressure : influence de l'hypoxemie et de l'hypobarie d'altitude". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31535.
Testo completoFaoro, Vitalie. "Contribution à l'étude de la limitation de l'aptitude aérobie en hypoxie". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210536.
Testo completoLe CaO2 est diminué en altitude à cause d’une diminution de la pression partielle inspirée en O2. Cependant, le chémoréflexe hypoxique tente de contrebalancer cet effet en élevant la ventilation et en diminuant la pression alvéolaire en CO2 afin de maintenir la pression alvéolaire en O2 constante. De plus, avec l’acclimatation, le rein produit de l’érythropoïétine permettant au taux d’hémoglobine d’augmenter. Ces deux principales adaptations à l’altitude ramènent le CaO2 à sa valeur de base du niveau de la mer en 2 à 3 semaines passées à 5000 m d’altitude mais sans amélioration de l’aptitude à l’effort aérobie.
L’exposition à l’altitude est aussi associée à une diminution du Q maximal. Les mécanismes à l’origine de cette limitation du Q maximal restent, à l’heure actuelle, incompris. Les principales explications évoquées sont, une diminution de la réserve chronotrope, une diminution de la commande nerveuse centrale vers le cœur ou une diminution de la demande périphérique. Récemment, des études sur des sujets sains en hypoxie suggérèrent qu’au moins une partie de la limitation du Q maximal à l’effort est liée à une élévation de la postcharge ventriculaire droite suite à l’hypertension pulmonaire induite par l’hypoxie. C’est cette hypothèse que nous avons voulu vérifier dans une première étude.
Nous avons étudié l’effet d’une inhibition de l’hypertension pulmonaire d’altitude par le sildénafil, un inhibiteur de la phosphodiestrérase-5, chez des sujets sains, en normoxie, en hypoxie aiguë et en hypoxie chronique. Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé l’effet vasodilatateur pulmonaire du sildénafil et une augmentation de la VO2max en hypoxie aiguë. Cependant, la prise de ce dernier était couplée à une amélioration de l’oxygénation, si bien que l’élévation de la performance aérobie observée en hypoxie aiguë sous sildénafil ne pouvait être entièrement attribuée à une réduction de l’hypertension pulmonaire.
Nous conclurent que cette amélioration de la performance était probablement d’avantage liée à une amélioration de l'oxygénation qu’à un effet vasodilatateur pulmonaire.
Les résultats équivoques obtenus lors de cette première étude nous ont incité à tester les effets d’une amélioration de l’oxygénation sur la performance aérobie en haute altitude. Pour ce faire, quinze sujets sains ont été testés au niveau de la mer et après acclimatation à 4700 m d’altitude soit sous placebo, soit sous acétazolamide, un inhibiteur de l’anhydrase carbonique augmentant l’oxygénation par stimulation ventilatoire en réponse à une acidose métabolique. La prise d’acétazolamide n’eut aucun effet sur l’hémodynamique pulmonaire et sur la VO2max et la charge maximale. Nous avons toutefois observé qu’une amélioration de l’oxygénation durant l’effort retarde l’apparition du seuil ventilatoire améliorant ainsi la phase aérobie de l’effort. Cette étude confirme donc qu’une élévation du CaO2 permet une amélioration de l’aptitude aérobie.
Finalement, la dernière étude a pour but d’étudier les effets isolés d’une vasodilatation pulmonaire sur la performance aérobie en altitude. Les résultats d’une étude préliminaire montrent que l’inhibition de la vasoconstriction hypoxique par un agent pharmacologique antagoniste des récepteurs de l’endothéline ETA et ETB, le bosentan, permet une élévation de l’aptitude aérobie en hypoxie aiguë, sans effets sur l’oxygénation, confirmant ainsi notre hypothèse initiale qu’une postcharge ventriculaire droite augmentée en hypoxie peut contribuer à une limitation de l’aptitude à l’effort aérobie en hypoxie.
Conclusions :
L’ensemble de nos résultats suggère que l’aptitude aérobie en altitude est déterminée par le transport d’O2 qui peut être augmenté par manipulation pharmaceutique du débit ventriculaire droit maximal après inhibition de la vasoconstriction pulmonaire hypoxique (bosentan), amélioration de l’oxémie (acétazolamide) ou des deux (sildénafil).
Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur en kinésithérapie et réadaptation
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Melin, Alexandre. "Incidences morphologiques et fonctionnelles cardiaques d'un entraînement conduit en environnement hypoxique et/ou pollué au monoxyde de carbone chez le rat". Orléans, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ORLE2074.
Testo completoBOURG, EMMANUELLE. "Mesures echographiques du thymus chez l'enfant en bolivie : influence de l'altitude et de l'etat nutritionnel ; a propos de 263 cas". Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA3037.
Testo completoDelnatte, César. "Le gradient altitudinal sur les sommets tabulaires de Guyane : basé sur l'étude des Arecaceae, des Melastomataceae et des Ptéridophytes". Antilles-Guyane, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00588612.
Testo completoAmazonia is mainly covered by lowland forest, however it presents some reliefs. Previous works have shown two types of relief in French Guiana : Inselbergs and plateaus on basic volcanic rocks known as tabular summits. Regarding the latter two, vegetation is quite uniform within mountains with comparable altitude and geomorphology. The present research deals mainly cith studying floristic composition along an altitudinal gradient with several bioindicators. For this, the study relies on using three vascular plant groups : Arecaceae, Melastomateceae and Pteridophytes. The present research confirms the existence of variation in floristic composition at around 500 meters a. S. L. , but also below and above depending on the selected group
Morisset, Christophe. "Pathologies spécifiques et aspécifiques d'altitude : étude de sept observations et revue de la littérature". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2M091.
Testo completoSartorio, Marc. "Modifications hydroélectrolytiques chez l'homme en hypoxie d'altitude : conséquences sur le métabolisme phosphocalcique". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P138.
Testo completoNeto, Hozano de Souza Lemos. "Influence of temperature on germination and spacing in production under low altitude and lettuce cultivars latitude". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13641.
Testo completoA alface à uma das mais importantes hortaliÃas folhosas cultivadas no mundo. Considerada cultura de clima ameno, sua produÃÃo em regiÃes de baixa altitude e latitude à prejudicada, principalmente, devido Ãs elevadas temperaturas e à predominÃncia de dias longos encontrados nestes locais. Nessas condiÃÃes, ocorre baixa germinaÃÃo e desuniformidade na emergÃncia, por consequÃncia, verifica-se baixa eficiÃncia na produÃÃo de mudas. Tais acontecimentos sÃo importante indÃcio da manifestaÃÃo de um acontecimento fisiolÃgico desencadeado dentro da semente, a dormÃncia. Na alface, tal fenÃmeno parece ser controlado pela interaÃÃo genÃtipo (cultivar) x fatores ambientais, sendo que neste Ãltimo a temperatura tem sido considerada o fator mais relevante. AlÃm dos problemas relacionados ao estabelecimento do stand inicial, seja em campo ou viveiro de produÃÃo de mudas, plantas de alface submetidas a elevadas temperaturas tambÃm podem apresentar pendoamento precoce, o que resulta na necessidade de antecipaÃÃo da colheita provocando, assim, reduÃÃo na produÃÃo. Baseado no exposto, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o comportamento germinativo de cultivares de alface submetidas a diferentes nÃveis de temperatura e de espaÃamentos sob condiÃÃo de baixa altitude e latitude. No primeiro experimento foram utilizadas sementes de alface das cultivares Red Salad Bowl, Salad Bowl Green, Marianne, Elba, Mimosa Green Salad Bowl, Crespa Lollo Bionda e Crespa para VerÃo, sob diferentes condiÃÃes de temperatura diurna (15; 20; 25; 30; 35 e 40 ÂC). As âRed Salad Bowlâ e âSalad Bowl Greenâ foram as que apresentaram os maiores percentuais de germinaÃÃo, acima de 81%, atà a temperatura de 35 ÂC, sendo assim consideradas termotolerantes. No segundo experimento, estudou se o comportamento produtivo das cultivares que apresentaram os melhores percentuais de germinaÃÃo e emergÃncia no primeiro experimento (Red Salad Bowl, Salad Bowl Green, Mimosa Green Salad Bowl e Crespa Lollo Bionda) em diferentes espaÃamentos. As âSalad Bowl Greenâ e âMimosa Green Salad Bowlâ foram as que se destacaram, jà que apresentaram tolerÃncia mÃdia ao pendoamneto, 63 dias apÃs semeadura (DAS), e florescimento tardio, 95 DAS. A âSalad Bowl Greenâ, no espaÃamento 0,25 x 0,30 m, produziu plantas com maior massa fresca e seca total. O espaÃamento de 0,20 x 0,20 m foi o que possibilitou a maior produtividade para todos os cultivares avaliados, podendo ser considerado como o mais indicado para o cultivo nas condiÃÃes climÃticas de baixa altitude e latitude.
Lettuce is one of the most important leafy vegetables grown in the world. Considered a mild climate culture, its production in low-lying regions and latitude is impaired mainly due to high temperatures and the predominance of long days found in these locations. Under these conditions, germination and low unevenness occurs in the emergency, therefore, there is low efficiency in the production of seedlings. Such events are an indication of the manifestation of a physiological event triggered within the seed dormancy. In lettuce, this phenomenon appears to be controlled by the genotype (cultivar) x environmental factors, and in the latter the temperature has been considered the most important factor. Besides the problems related to the initial stand establishment, either in the field or production nursery seedlings, lettuce subjected to elevated temperatures may also have bolting, resulting in the need for earlier harvesting thus causing a reduction in puduction. Based on the above, the aim of this work was to evaluate the germination behavior of lettuce cultivars under different levels of temperature and spacing on condition of low altitude and latitude. In the first experiment were used lettuce seeds of the cultivars Red Salad Bowl, Salad Bowl Green, Marianne, Elba, Mimosa Green Salad Bowl, Crespa Lollo Bionda and Crespa para VerÃo, under different conditions of day temperature (15; 20; 25; 30; 35 and 40 ÂC). The 'Red Salad Bowl' and 'Green Salad Bowl' were the ones that showed the highest germination rates above 81%, until the temperature of 35 ÂC and therefore were deemed thermotolerant. The second experiment studied the behavior of production of the cultivars that showed the higher resultos of germination percentage and emergence in the first experiment (Red Salad Bowl, Salad Bowl Green, Mimosa Green Salad Bowl and Crespa Lollo Bionda) at different spacings. The ' Salad Bowl Green ' and 'Mimosa Green Salad Bowl' were the ones that stood out, paralleling the average tolerance of bolting, 63 days after sowing (DAS), and late flowering 95 DAS. The 'Green Salad Bowl' cv., spaced 0,25 x 0,30 m, produced plants with increase in weight and total dry. The spacing of 0,20 x 0,20 m was the one that allowed the highest yield for all evaluated cultivars and may be considered as the most suitable for lettuce cultivation in the climatic conditions of low altitude and latitude.
Iost, Susanne. "Soil respiration, microbial respiration and mineralisation in soils of montane rainforests of Southern Ecuador: influence of altitude". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1201126765623-42870.
Testo completoIost, Susanne. "Soil respiration, microbial respiration and mineralisation in soils of montane rainforests of Southern Ecuador: influence of altitude". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24042.
Testo completoLhuissier, François. "Facteurs limitants centraux et périphériques de la performance physique en haute altitude : rôle modulateur de la chémosensibilité à l'hypoxie". Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA132038.
Testo completoOur work forcused on the primary role of chemosensitivity to hypoxia in the central and peripheral factors susceptible to modulate the aerobic performance in acute hypoxia. We studied in nine subjects the influence of altitude and exercise intensity on responses to hypoxia and showed that ventilatory and cardiac responses at exercise used to evaluate the tolerance to hypoxia are robust to the testing conditions. They can be considered as intrinsic physological characteristics of chemosensitivity to hypoxia. Since a young age and aerobic exercise training are correlated with a higher risk of severe high altitude illness, we studied the influence of these two factors on physiological responses hypoxia. The data collected in 4675 subjects showed an increased ventilatory response with ageing, leading to a maintained arterial desaturation. On the other hand, trained subjects had an increased arterial desaturation at exercise despite higher ventilatory responses. Also an altered chemosensitivity doesn't seem to be a factor able to increase the arterial desaturation during exercise in hypoxia in trained subjects. The study of O₂transport peripheral factors in six subjects exposed to acute hypoxia before and after an aerobic training session suggests that a limitation of O₂muscular extraction could partly explain the greater decrease in VO₂max in hypoxia in trained subjects. It appears that endurance trained subjects already use in normoxia their maximal local blood volume and O₂extraction capacity. On the contrary to sedentary subjects, they cannot increase these two factors anymore in hypoxia, wich could lead to a greater desaturation during exercise in hypoxia
Raberin, Antoine. "Hypoxémie induite à l'exercice (HIE) et adaptations à l'exercice d'athlètes entraînés en endurance lors de l'acclimatation en altitude modérée : approche globale, systémique et cellulaire". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0039.
Testo completoExercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) is a phenomenon characterized by a drop of oxygen arterial pressure and saturation. EIH is often present in endurance-trained athletes, given their intensive aerobic training, which pushes the muscular, cardiovascular and pulmonary systems to their limits. EIH prevalence is more than 70% during a running exercise. Moreover, endurance-trained athletes often perform in high altitudes for competition, competition preparation or training camps. With altitude elevation, the drop in barometric pressure leads to a decrease in oxygen availability. This condition in return, results in hypoxic stress. In order to manage the latter, different adaptations take place, in order to allow sufficient oxygen supply maintenance to human tissues. During an exercise at sea level, EIH and non-EIH athletes reached the same maximal oxygen uptake, but altitude is a harmful environment for performance and its consequences could be more significant in EIH athletes. The putative potentiation of EIH and hypoxic stress effects could decrease further oxygen availability. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the hypothesis that responses to exercise at sea level and in altitude are not the same in EIH and non-EIH athletes. Therefore, we have studied responses to exercise in normoxia and during exercise in acute (from minutes to few hours) and prolonged (after five days of exposure) moderate hypoxia. The first study reports an exacerbate cerebral deoxygenation, a drop-in muscle oxygenation during exercise in normoxia, and an inadequate muscle and cerebral adaptation to exercise in acute hypoxia. Studies 2 and 3 show specific responses to exercise but also at rest, during the first five days of altitude exposure. Indeed at rest, EIH athletes have lower oxygen saturation than control athletes. Despite the persistence of EIH, compensatory mechanisms occurred at cerebral and cardiac levels, possibly due to differences in pro-antioxidant balance. These mechanisms allowed EIH athletes to have similar performance than control group after 1 and 5 days of exposure. Study 4 reports that blood viscosity and pulmonary hemodynamics are not implicated in the greater drop of resting arterial saturation exhibited by EIH athletes during exposure to hypoxia. Study 5 indicates a specific vasodilatator response to exercise in EIH group at sea level and after 5 days in altitude. This entire study shows that EIH is harmful for performance in acute hypoxia and it can lead to specific responses to exercise in both normoxia and hypoxia, which probably takes place in order to counterbalance the drop in oxygen arterial saturation. Thus, EIH must be taken into account when considering performance in hypoxia. EIH interactions with training modalities must therefore be further studied and understood, and in particular with respect to hypoxic training
Benoît, Henri. "Influence de la reponse ventilatoire à l'hypoxie sur l'aptitude aérobie maximale en hypoxie sévère". Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET004T.
Testo completoSimler, Nadine. "Altérations du comportement alimentaire en environnements externes : intégration centrale : étude chez le rongeur". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10258.
Testo completoExposure to extreme environments usually elicits alteration in feeding behavior in men and rodents. We studied the involvement of leptin and it’s central targets in the development of anorexia induced by psychogenic stress or altitude exposure. Our results suggested that restraint stress elicited SOCS-3 induction, modulated leptin signalling in hypothalamus, and was therefore likely to alter the regulation of body weight homeostasis. Using a rat model of genetic leptin receptor deficiency, the obese Zucker rat, we unequivocally demonstrated that altitude-induced anorexia could not be ascribed to anorectic signals triggered by enhanced leptin production. A third experiment suggested that the hypothalamic AMPKinase system may play a determinant role in the early stage of altitude-induced anorexia. The involvement of this system in other anorexigenic situations such as sustained exercise needs to be examined
Richalet, Jean-Paul. "Rôle du système nerveux autonome dans les adaptations cardiovasculaires en hypoxie d'altitude chez l'homme". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112216.
Testo completoLanderer, Jennifer [Verfasser], e Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Gortner. "Changes of cytokines under the influence of high altitude hypobaric hypoxia and physical activity / Jennifer Landerer ; Betreuer: Ludwig Gortner". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117028151/34.
Testo completoBabcock, Carmen J. "The effect of intermittent simulated altitude exposure via re-breathing on cycling performance". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179856789.
Testo completoMalgoyre, Alexandra. "Etude de la tolérance locale des extrémités au froid avant et après une expédition en altitude". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M089.
Testo completoDobson, Bryan Paul. "Effects of intermittent hypoxic exposure on physical performance in trained basketball players". AUT University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/853.
Testo completoGaston, Anne Fleur. "Les déterminants cardio-respiratoires de la performance en moyenne altitude chez des athlètes présentant une hypoxémie induite par l'exercice". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0038/document.
Testo completoAt sea level, half of endurance trained athletes can develop an exercise induced hypoxemia (EIH). Currently, the practice of mountain endurance sports is booming. In these disciplines, highly endurance trained athletes, and thus likely to develop EIH, practise regularly at moderate altitude. This work has focused on the evolution of EIH at moderate altitude, as well as its consequences and its relationship with the change in cardiorespiratory components during exercise. Our results show that: 1) arterial desaturation is not potentiated at acute altitude in EIH athletes compared to non-EIH athletes while EIH athletes have a greater fall in maximal oxygen uptake and in maximal heart rate, 2) EIH athletes develop a significant hemodynamic stress associated with specific pulmonary vascular responses at sea level, 3) all athletes have a lung diffusion limitation at maximal exercise in moderate altitude and our results do not show a greater cardiac limitation in EIH athletes, 4) in chronic hypoxia, arterial desaturation is influenced by exercise modality. Our work resulted in a number of recommendations to help endurance trained athletes who want to perform at moderate altitude
Bailly-Marion, France. "Influence comparée de fertilisants organiques sur la croissance de la végétation : application aux semis hydrauliques en altitude et à l'élevage des jeunes plants en pépinière". Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10130.
Testo completoRossignol, Fabrice. "Adaptation moléculaire à l'hypoxie via le facteur de transcription HIF-1 : aspects physiologiques et pathologiques". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF1MM13.
Testo completoMalle, Carine. "Effets de l'hypoxie aiguë induite, hypobare et normobare, sur les fonctions mnésiques chez le sujet jeune : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1704.
Testo completoAcute hypoxia is a sudden depletion in oxygen lasting few seconds to few minutes. The deleterious effects of acute hypoxia on memory are known for a long time. Nevertheless, studies performed on healthy subjects and taking into account the multiple nature of human memory are rare. This thesis work was aimed to specify which forms and processes of memory are impaired during an acute hypoxic episode and also to investigate memory recovery Following the episode. Two studies were conducted, in hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia, on young and healthy subjects. The first investigation allowed the determination of the impact of an acute hypoxic episode on working memory, implicit memory and explicit memory. Our results showed that only working memory and explicit memory are sensitive to acute hypoxia onset. In the second study, we assessed the short-term recovery of working memory and both mid-term (3 days) and long-term (3 months) memory consolidation. Our results showed that working memory, strongly during the acute hypoxic episode, became quickly functional at normoxia restoration. Besides, mid-term and long-term memory consolidation was not impaired by the acute hypoxic episode. Finally, our results suggest that pure oxygen administration, before and after the acute hypoxic episode, would be detrimental for working memory recovery, which raise the matter of the own role of oxygen
Nellier, Yann-Michel. "Influence des processus biogéochimiques sur la contamination par les PCB des espèces piscicoles des lacs d'altitude". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA012/document.
Testo completoAltitude lakes undergo atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) resulting mainly from human activities despite their distance from emission sources. If the mechanisms driving the atmospheric transport of these pollutants to altitude environment are now fairly known ("global distillation" or "grasshopper effect"), there is still few information about their fate in these mountain ecosystems. This work aims to identify the internal lake processes influencing the fate of POPs, with a particular focus on their interaction with the organic phases and their integration into food webs. Due to their variability of physico-chemical properties between congeners (e.g., less to more hydrophobic), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been chosen as POP models.The study was conducted on two alpine lakes from the National Park of Ecrins (Isère, France): Lake Muzelle (2110 m) and Lake Plan Vianney (2250 m). A monitoring was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to assess PCBs concentration in aquatic organisms, particulate and dissolved fractions and atmospheric PCBs inputs. Thus, seasonal, interannual and inter-lakes variability of PCBs level in fish have been assessed and linked to atmospheric inputs and biogeochemical lake processes.Our results show that snowmelt corresponds to an important and sudden flux of PCBs to altitude lakes (40% of annual contributions during the few weeks of spring thaw). Mass balance also reveals that PCBs inputs are higher than outputs, highlighting the role of altitude lakes as atmospheric PCBs sinks. PCBs partition between particulate and dissolved phases varies both between lakes and seasons, revealing a succession of thermodynamics equilibrium and non-equilibrium. In fact, when lakes are ice-covered, the water column is isolated from the atmosphere and therefore from sources of pollutants, allowing to reach a thermodynamic equilibrium partition of PCBs between the particulate and dissolved phases. On the contrary, when lakes are ice-free, parameters affecting PCBs adsorption on particulate matter (temperature, concentration and nature of the particles, PCBs concentration) are subject to environmental variability, preventing chemicals to reach thermodynamic equilibrium. Finally, even though PCBs fish contamination varies both between lakes and between seasons, the lack of relationship between PCBs concentrations and trophic indicators (stable isotope composition of carbon or lipid biomarkers) highlights that fish level of PCBs does not depend on habitat use and inter-individual trophic variability. In contrast, the PCBs concentration in fish is related to the concentration of pollutants in the dissolved phase. In altitude lakes, even though POPs are presented at low concentrations, these chemicals are mainly transferred to the fish compartment by bioconcentration rather than bioaccumulation.These results highlight the need to improve our knowledge on POPs ecodynamics even in low contaminated environments. In a context of global change for which pollutant inputs in altitude ecosystems might vary in intensity or temporality, this research appears essential to (i) assess the future role of altitude lakes as atmospheric POPs sinks or secondary sources and (ii) predict any modification of PCBs levels in fish in remote aquatic ecosystems
Woldu, Yared, e Anton Fritz. "Using CFD to analyze thermal and optical influence on a zero pressure balloon at floating condition". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69620.
Testo completoRojas, Carrasco Rodrigo Tomás. "Respuesta cardiovascular a la hipoxemia aguda sobreagregada en fetos de oveja de grandes altitudes crónicamente hipóxicos". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133406.
Testo completoLa hipoxia crónica de altura, constituye una de las principales causas de hipoxemia fetal tanto en humanos como en animales. Fetos ovinos expuestos a hipoxemia crónica, al ser sometidos a un episodio de hipoxia aguda, mantienen su gasto cardiaco y la redistribución de los flujos sanguíneos hacia los órganos fetales. En base a los antecedentes recopilados, se propuso la siguiente hipótesis: Los fetos ovinos de tierras altas, expuestos a hipoxemia crónica de altura durante toda su gestación, presentan una respuesta cardiovascular atenuada, frente a un episodio de hipoxemia aguda sobreagregada, en comparación con fetos ovinos de tierras bajas. El objetivo general fue determinar la condición cardiovascular basal y la respuesta cardiovascular a un período de hipoxemia aguda sobreagregada, que presentan los fetos ovinos crónicamente hipóxicos por exposición a las grandes altitudes y comparar estos resultados con fetos ovinos normóxicos de tierras bajas. Se instalaron catéteres de polivinilo en la arteria femoral y carótida, y se instalaron medidores de flujo sanguíneo continuo alrededor de la arteria carótida y femoral, en 7 fetos ovinos de tierras altas (Putre, 3580 m.s.n.m.) y 8 fetos ovinos de tierras bajas (Santiago, 580 m.s.n.m.). A los 133 ± 3 días de gestación, se realizaron los protocolos experimentales de 3 horas de duración: 1 h basal, 1 h de hipoxemia y 1 hora de recuperación. Se determinaron gases sanguíneos arteriales, pH, saturación de Hb, concentración de Hb, presión arterial media, flujo sanguíneo y resistencia vascular carotídea y femoral, y frecuencia cardíaca. Además se determinó el flujo sanguíneo, resistencia vascular y aporte de O2 hacia el cerebro, corazón, adrenales, riñones y umbilical. Durante hipoxemia aguda, la presión arterial media, el flujo sanguíneo carotídeo y femoral, y la resistencia vascular renal no se modificaron en los fetos de tierras altas. Además en los fetos de tierras altas, el flujo sanguíneo cerebral, cardíaco y adrenal aumentaron, las resistencias vasculares disminuyeron y el flujo sanguíneo umbilical disminuyó, mientras que, el aporte de oxígeno cerebral y cardíaco no varió. En los fetos de tierras altas la presión arterial media no cambió durante el experimento, lo que podría deberse a la desensibilización de receptores adrenérgicos u otros mecanismos hormonales. En cambio, el nulo incremento del flujo sanguíneo carotídeo, durante hipoxemia aguda, se debió probablemente a la altitud, la cuál reduce la respuesta contráctil de las arterias carótidas. La menor vasoconstricción en las arterias femorales, en los fetos de tierras altas, podría deberse a una respuesta aumentada a NO, ya que, ovinos recién nacidos presentan una mayor sensibilidad a un dador de NO. El incremento del flujo sanguíneo cerebral, cardíaco y adrenal en ambos grupos de fetos, podría ser atribuido al efecto del NO, ya que este es muy importante en la regulación del flujo sanguíneo cerebral y cardíaco. Además, arterias cerebrales de fetos ovinos sometidos a hipoxemia crónica, presentan una sensibilidad disminuida en canales de K+ dependientes de ATP y de Ca2+, cambios que podrían ser los responsables de la respuesta observada. A su vez, el incremento en la resistencia vascular umbilical observado en los fetos de tierras altas, podría deberse al efecto de catecolaminas y arginina vasopresina. Se concluyó que el feto ovino, expuesto a hipoxemia aguda sobreagregada, mantiene la capacidad de redistribuir los flujos sanguíneos hacia el cerebro, corazón y adrenales. Además, los vasos sanguíneos de los fetos de tierras altas, mostraron una menor capacidad de vasocontraerse, debido probablemente a que la hipoxia crónica, altera la respuesta de las células endoteliales y de la musculatura vascular lisa. Los resultados observados podrían ser explicados por un incremento en el tono vasodilatador, y/o por cambios en la función de los canales de K+ dependientes de ATP y de Ca2+.
Vallier, Jean-Marc. "Effets d'un entraînement en chambre hypobare sur les performances physiques". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05S032.
Testo completoThe aim of this study was to check the different effects of an hypobaric chamber training program simulating high-altitude (4,000m), at the rate of three times per week during three weeks. This training program has involved an enhance of submaximal performances respectively at sea-level (normoxia) and high-altitude (hypoxia) in athletes physically active but few trained, and also in high-level performance athletes. (. . . )
Collinge, Janelle Elyse. "Adaptation of Drosophila melanogaster to altitudinal and latitudinal climatic gradients : the role of the heat-shock RNA gene hsr-omega". Monash University, School of Biological Sciences, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5172.
Testo completoLi, Yu-Ku. "Study of the influence of altitude on the characteristics of the electrical arc on polluted ice surface = L'étude de l'influence de l'altitude sur les caractéristiques de l'arc électrique à la surface de glace polluée /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Testo completoNespoulet, Hugo. "Oxygénation en conditions hypoxiques : rôle de la chémosensibilité sur la tolérance à l'altitude, plasticité et amélioration par pression positive expiratoire". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENS041/document.
Testo completoAt awakening and during sleep, at sea level or in high altitude, maintaining a high level in arterial blood oxygenation is a marker for an adaptated physiological response external and internal factors.High altitude illness encompasses pathologies, that sometimes could be fatal, and which seems to be correlated with the level of arterial oxygenation in hypoxia.Secondly, at sea level and in general population, the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) encourage scientists to develop new models for studying consequences of the main OSAS' stimulus: intermittent hypoxia.Chemosensitivity could play an important role in those two different diseases, with regulation of blood gases and homeostasis by controlling ventilation.Our objectives was to investigate (1) impact of chemosensitivity on blood oxygenation and tolerance to high altitude, comparatively to other physiological factors commonly involved, (2) effects of using positive expiratory pressure in order to improve oxygenation in hypoxia, and (3) consequences of chronic exposure to nocturnal intermittent hypoxia on chemoreflexe plasticity.We found that peripheral chemoresponse to hypoxia play a crucial role in high altitude illness development. Moreover, this variable seems to be a predictive factor for those diseases. In hypoxic conditions, using a positive expiratory pressure (10 cmH2O) lead to a significant improve in arterial oxygenation, by increasing pulmonary diffusion. Finally, nocturnal intermittent hypoxia induced significant sleep disturbances and major changes in chemoresponse to hypoxia and hypercapnia
Diez, Macavilca José Manuel. "Actividad esterásica eritrocitaria frente al ácido acetilsalicílico en niños de dos pisos altitudinales de la provincia de huamanga a 2,746 y 3,550 msnm. Ayacucho". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2586.
Testo completoThe kinetics of the hydrolysis of the acetylsalicylic acid, has been studied by activity esterasic of the lysate erythrocyte in front of the acetylsalicylic acid in vitro, in children of two floors altitudinals of the province of Huamanga to 2,746 and 3,550 msnm; following the methodology of Trinder. It has been that the kinetics type for this catalyzed hydrolysis corresponds one of pseudo first order, being raked the reaction at one time understood between 0 and 55 minutes, to pH 7,4 and 37ºC in buffer saline phosphate 0,1 M, it was for the total population a value average for the constant of reaction velocity, (k), of 6,16 x 10-3 ± 0,00043 min-1 and a time of half life, (t1/2), of 117,26 ± 5,142 min. The value average of the enzymatic activity reported in umol of ASA consumed /mg of lysate erythrocytes/min was of 1,129 x 10-4 ± 0,0035. The most important correlation was observed between the time of half life and the hematocrit levels for both floors altitudinals (p maj 0,05), being for the population of 3,550 msnm -0,421 and -0,286 for 2,746 msnm, what ratifies the presences esterasa(s) in the globular package. Of another side, the enzymatic kinetics of the hydrolysis of the acetylsalicylic acid, was of type michaeliana; being the value of Km of 1,6 mM and the Vmáx of 0,662 umol x L-1 x min-1 x mg-1. not existing significant statistical differences (p minor that 0,05) for both kinetic parameters in the two floors altitudinals. It is concluded, that does not exist difference significant statistic of the esterase activity of lysate erythrocyte in front of the acetylsalicylic acid in children of both floors altitudinal for a (p minor that 0.05). Key words: esterase activity, acetylsalicylic acid, altitudinal.
Tesis
Asenjo, Fuentealba Rafael Renán. "Efecto de la hipoxia hipobárica en las concentraciones plasmáticas maternas y fetales de cortisol, glucosa e insulina en ovinos adaptados y no adaptados a la altura". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130915.
Testo completoSe estudió el efecto de la hipoxia hipobárica sobre las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol, insulina y glucosa en ovejas y fetos adaptados y no adaptados a la altura. Se utilizaron 12 ovejas preñadas, 6 originarias de la altura (3.589 m.s.n.m) que corresponden al grupo altura y las otras 6 originarias del nivel del mar, que se llevaron a la altura durante la preñez, el grupo subidos. A los 60 días de edad gestacional se instalan catéteres arteriales y venosos en todas las hembras. El mismo procedimiento se llevó a cabo en los fetos a los 120 días de gestación. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre venosa para la medición de las concentraciones plasmáticas de cortisol, insulina y glucosa. Los resultados mostraron que la concentración plasmática de cortisol en los fetos no presentó diferencias estadísticas entre el grupo subidos (40.3±41.8 nMol/L) y el grupo altura (47.6±37.0 nMol/L). En el caso de las madres solo en el lapso 0-5 días previos al parto, la concentración de cortisol del grupo subidos fue significativamente menor que la del grupo altura. En el resto del periodo estudiado no hubo diferencias, aunque se observó una tendencia a mayores valores de la variable en el grupo altura (90.61±57.4 nMol/L) en comparación con el grupo subidos (67.1±43.1 nMol/L). La concentración plasmática de insulina fetal no presentó diferencias entre ambos grupos, con promedios de 2.94±2.6 uUI/mL para el grupo altura y de 2.36±1.8 uUI/mL para el grupo subidos. En el caso de las madres no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos 5.37±5.20 uUI/mL y 6.54±5.1 uUI/mL, altura y subidos, respectivamente. 4 Para la glucosa, tampoco se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos, tanto en fetos (altura: 23.7±2.9 mg/dL; subidos: 27.1±7.9 mg/dL) como en madres (altura: 47.5±11.3 mg/dL; subidos: 51.6±15.0 mg/dL). Se concluye que la exposición a la hipoxia hipobárica durante la preñez no produce diferencias evidentes en las concentraciones de cortisol, insulina y glucosa plasmática, entre ovejas adaptadas y no adaptadas a la altura, ni entre sus fetos.
Pantoja, Napa Miguel Angel. "Niveles de Apolipoproteina-B sericos, como indicador de riesgo coronario en individuos de altura y del nivel del mar". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/3440.
Testo completo--- The present study determined the concentrations of apolipoprotein-B as an indicator of coronary risk in rural populations of the height of Cerro de Pasco to 4340 msnm and urban populations of the level of the sea of Lima at 25 meters. The quantification of this structural protein of atherogenic lipoproteins, and its concentration, is a reflection of the number of particles present atherogenic. Serum concentrations of apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) were studied in 51 subjects aged between 22 and 48 years of Cerro de Pasco; and of 48 subjects aged between 23 and 50 years of Lima. Se they were measured by enzymatic Test for Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL cholesterol; and Test Inmunoturbidimétrico to Apo-B. The found values of Apo-B ±DS for the town of Cerro de Pasco was 109. 39±25. 18 mg % and for the population of Lima was 106. 3±33. 12 mg %, which indicates a rise in the levels of this apolipoprotein, which was not expected in this population, and reflecting the change of habits dietary, especially in the intake of carbohydrates and lipids. The correlation between the Apo-B and LDL-cholesterol was 0.9196 for the population of Cerro de Pasco and 0.8932 for the population of Lima, which tells us that both parameters are closely linked in terms of quantity and hence in terms of consequences for the evaluated cardiovascular risk. Key words: Lipoprotein, apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), coronary risk and atherosclerosis.
Tesis