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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Alternating copolymer"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 febbraio 2022

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1

Khattari, Z., e S. Hamasha. "The interaction effects on the adsorption properties of an alternating copolymer chain at liquid–liquid interface". International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, n. 32 (14 dicembre 2014): 1450229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214502294.

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Analytical and numerical methods have been combined to investigate the effect of monomers-interfacial interactions on the behavior of a single alternating polymer chain at liquid–liquid interface. The exact Green's function of a Gaussian copolymer chain at attractive penetrable interface has been employed to determine monomer distribution profiles ρ(z), mean-square end-to-end distance 〈R2(z)〉 and the interfacial tension Δγ of the alternating copolymer chain. A comparison between the diblock and alternating copolymer chain is presented. Our model shows that, the alternating copolymer adsorbs more readily than the diblock copolymer at liquid–liquid interface. Also, these copolymers are able to reduce the interfacial tension when presented at the interface.

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2

Brymora, Katarzyna, Wissem Khelifi, Hussein Awada, Sylvie Blanc, Lionel Hirsch, Antoine Bousquet, Christine Lartigau-Dagron e Frédéric Castet. "Comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of near infrared absorbing copolymers based on dithienosilole". Polymer Chemistry 11, n. 21 (2020): 3637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00330a.

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3

Szkudlarek, Marian, Elisabeth Heine, Helmut Keul, Uwe Beginn e Martin Möller. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Properties of Peptides Mimicking Copolymers of Maleic Anhydride and 4-Methyl-1-pentene". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, n. 9 (4 settembre 2018): 2617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092617.

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Synthetic amphiphilic copolymers with strong antimicrobial properties mimicking natural antimicrobial peptides were obtained via synthesis of an alternating copolymer of maleic anhydride and 4-methyl-1-pentene. The obtained copolymer was modified by grafting with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-propylamine (DMAPA) and imidized in a one-pot synthesis. The obtained copolymer was modified further to yield polycationic copolymers by means of quaternization with methyl iodide and dodecyl iodide, as well as by being sequentially quaternized with both of them. The antimicrobial properties of obtained copolymers were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Both tested quaternized copolymers were more active against the Gram-negative E. coli than against the Gram-positive S. aureus. The copolymer modified with both iodides was best when tested against E. coli and, comparing all three copolymers, also exhibited the best effect against S. aureus. Moreover, it shows (limited) selectivity to differentiate between mammalian cells and bacterial cell walls. Comparing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Nisin against the Gram-positive bacteria on the molar basis instead on the weight basis, the difference between the effect of Nisin and the copolymer is significantly lower.

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4

Sugimoto, Hiroshi. "Carbon Dioxide/Epoxide Alternating Copolymer". Seikei-Kakou 23, n. 9 (20 agosto 2011): 532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.23.532.

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5

Li, Ting Ting, Zhi Ming Zhang, He Ti Li e Jie Cao. "Study on Synthesis and Characterization of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Random Copolymer by Xylene". Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (agosto 2013): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1075.

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Radical copolymerization of styrene (St) and maleic anhydride (MA) were typically alternating copolymerization, which generated copolymer styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA). The copolymer was synthesized by solution polymerization method,with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator and xylene as solvent, and using the yield of copolymer as evaluation criteria, the reaction conditions were researched. The maleic anhydride of molar fraction was 45% in the copolymer measured by chemical titration, combined with the theoretical that the synthesis of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer was confirmed to be the alternating copolymer. The structure and character of the copolymer was also confirmed by IR. The glass-transition temperature of the alternating copolymer was tested by DSC.

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6

Urban, Marek W., Dmitriy Davydovich, Ying Yang, Tugba Demir, Yunzhi Zhang e Leah Casabianca. "Key-and-lock commodity self-healing copolymers". Science 362, n. 6411 (11 ottobre 2018): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aat2975.

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Self-healing materials are notable for their ability to recover from physical or chemical damage. We report that commodity copolymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-butyl acrylate [p(MMA/nBA)] and their derivatives, can self-heal upon mechanical damage. This behavior occurs in a narrow compositional range for copolymer topologies that are preferentially alternating with a random component (alternating/random) and is attributed to favorable interchain van der Waals forces forming key-and-lock interchain junctions. The use of van der Waals forces instead of supramolecular or covalent rebonding or encapsulated reactants eliminates chemical and physical alterations and enables multiple recovery upon mechanical damage without external intervention. Unlike other self-healing approaches, perturbation of ubiquitous van der Waals forces upon mechanical damage is energetically unfavorable for interdigitated alternating/random copolymer motifs that facilitate self-healing under ambient conditions.

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7

McNeill, Ian C., e Musarrat Halima Mohammed. "Thermal degradation studies of alternating copolymers: IV. The alternating copolymer of acenaphthylene and maleic anhydride". Polymer Degradation and Stability 56, n. 2 (maggio 1997): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(96)00172-3.

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8

Neubauer, Brigitte, Gerhard Zifferer e Oskar Friedrich Olaj. "Lattice Monte Carlo investigations on copolymer systems, 3. Alternating and random copolymers". Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 7, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1998): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3919(19980101)7:1<189::aid-mats189>3.0.co;2-v.

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9

Spontak, Richard J., Steven D. Smith e Arman Ashraf. "Molecular-weight factors affecting formation of the OBBD morphology in block copolymer blends". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, n. 2 (agosto 1992): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100129772.

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Microphase-separated diblock copolymers have been known since 1970 to exhibit three principal morphologies. These morphologies depend on the composition of the copolymer and include dispersed spheres of the minor component on either a BCC or FCC lattice, dispersed cylinders of the minor component on a hexagonal lattice, or alternating lamellae. Recent microstructural studies of starblock and diblock copolymers have shown that an ordered bicontinuous morphology is observed between the lamellar and cylindrical regimes. This microstructure is currently referred to as the ordered bicontinuous double-diamond (OBDD) morphology and is an example of the Pn3m space group. In poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (SI) diblock copolymers, it exists at approximately 62-66 vol% polystyrene (PS). Efforts aimed at producing this morphology by blending a copolymer with various PS homopolymers have also been successful, when the blend composition is 65-67 vol% PS and the molecular weight of the hompolymer (Mhps) is less than that of the styrene block in the copolymer (Ms). In this work, we have used transmission electron microscopy to elucidate some additional factors responsible for development of the OBDD and other bicontinuous morphologies.

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10

Lokaj, Jan, Miroslav Bleha e Jana Kovářová. "DieneN-(2,4,6-Tribromophenyl)maleimide Copolymer Membranes for Pervaporation of Ethanol-Water Mixtures". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, n. 9 (1994): 2000–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19942000.

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Alternating copolymers of butadiene or isoprene with N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide and the copolymer of chloroprene containing 42.7 mole % N-(2,4,6-tribromophenyl)maleimide structure units were synthesized by radical copolymerization. Along with copolymerization, the Diels-Alder addition of comonomers proceeded. DSC revealed some crosslinking of the copolymers occurring even at room temperature. Homogeneous membranes were prepared from the copolymers by solution casting and tested in pervaporation of variously concentrated aqueous ethanol. Separation factors of the membranes related to the preferentially transported water increased with increasing content of ethanol in solutions to be separated. In contrast to hydrophilic maleimide groups, the incorporated diene units lowered separation efficiency due to their affinity to ethanol.

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11

Li, Chuanlong, Chuanshuang Chen, Shanlong Li, Tahir Rasheed, Ping Huang, Tong Huang, Yinglin Zhang, Wei Huang e Yongfeng Zhou. "Self-assembly and functionalization of alternating copolymer vesicles". Polymer Chemistry 8, n. 32 (2017): 4688–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00908a.

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12

De Rosa, Claudio, Annamaria Buono, Finizia Auriemma e Alfonso Grassi. "Crystal Structure of Alternating Ethylene−Norbornene Copolymer". Macromolecules 37, n. 25 (dicembre 2004): 9489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0486694.

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13

van Mullekom, H. A. M., J. A. J. M. Venkemans e E. W. Meijer. "Alternating copolymer of pyrrole and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole". Chemical Communications, n. 18 (1996): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cc9960002163.

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14

Corriu, Robert, Dominique Leclercq, P. Hubert Mutin, Hervé Samson e André Vioux. "Thermal isomerization of alternating silphenylene-siloxane copolymer". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32, n. 1 (15 gennaio 1994): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320122.

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15

Xu, Rui, Volker Gramlich e Holger Frauenrath. "Alternating Diacetylene Copolymer Utilizing Perfluorophenyl−Phenyl Interactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society 128, n. 16 (aprile 2006): 5541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0603204.

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16

Chien, James C. W., e Allen X. Zhao. "Thermolysis of alternating ethylene-carbon monoxide copolymer". Polymer Degradation and Stability 40, n. 2 (gennaio 1993): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(93)90213-3.

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17

Shkolnik, S., e E. D. Weil. "Stabilization of alternating carbon monoxide-ethylene copolymer". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 69, n. 9 (29 agosto 1998): 1691–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19980829)69:9<1691::aid-app2>3.0.co;2-6.

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18

Pucciariello, Rachele. "Melting behavior of ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene alternating copolymer". Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59, n. 8 (22 febbraio 1996): 1227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960222)59:8<1227::aid-app4>3.0.co;2-e.

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19

McNeill, Ian C., Shafique Ahmed e Stuart Rendall. "Thermal degradation studies of alternating copolymers—V. Degradation of the alternating copolymer of isopropenyl acetate and maleic anhydride". Polymer Degradation and Stability 62, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(97)00264-4.

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20

Dolgin, Ignat S., Pyotr P. Purygin e Yury P. Zarubin. "Investigation of the dielectric properties of copolymers based on 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene, styrene, 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene and α-methylstyrene". Butlerov Communications 60, n. 12 (31 dicembre 2019): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-60-12-87.

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Abstract (sommario):

Three new copolymers based on fluorine-containing derivatives of styrene and α-methylstyrene were obtained. According to the results of the previous stages of the study, copolymers based on styrene derivatives have improved dielectric properties compared to polystyrene and a copolymer of styrene and α-methyl styrene. The dielectric constant ε and dielectric loss tangent tanδ were measured for the initial and synthesized samples of styrene – α-methyl styrene copolymer at Samara Electromechanical Plant OJ-SC (Samara city, Russia). All measurements of dielectric characteristics were carried out at an alternating current frequency of 10 GHz on a pressed copolymer tablet with a diameter of 10 and a thickness of 3 mm. During the experiment, a measuring stand was used, consisting of a high-frequency signal generator G4-83, an electronically counting frequency meter Ch3-54 with a frequency converter YaZCh-43, a measuring amplifier U2-4; low-frequency signal generator G3-109; measuring unit FKDG 418151.002. The results obtained indicate high values of the dielectric constant. For samples of copolymers of α-methylstyrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene and styrene – 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene, values of 4.63 and 4.21, respectively, were obtained. These dielectric permittivity values are superior not only to samples previously obtained during the experiment, but also to some other compounds that are widely used in industry. In particular, the dielectric constant of lavsan, which is used in the manufacture of capacitors, is 3.1-3.3. The improved dielectric constant values are probably related to the high-quality composition of the copolymer. Samples of the copolymer containing 4-fluoro-α-methylstyrene are significantly superior to the copolymer with 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorostyrene for this characteristic. The values of the dielectric loss tangent are in the range from 8.74∙10−4 to 37.4∙10−4. Given the dielectric characteristics of the synthesized copolymers, we can conclude that there are good prospects for the use of fluorine-containing styrene copolymers. The obtained values of permittivity and dielectric loss tangent indicate a good possible competitiveness of new materials based on new copolymers. In the future, it is planned to study a number of other physicochemical properties of these materials in order to obtain the most complete spectrum of their characteristics.

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21

Winey, Karen I., e Mary E. Galvin. "TEM and image analysis to quantitatively describe the phase behavior in copolymer/homopolymer/homopolymer blends: Effect of the copolymer sequence distribution". Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 51 (1 agosto 1993): 896–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100150319.

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Polymers are typically immiscible with one another, that is phase separated, in the absence of specific favorable intermolecular interactions, because the combinatorial entropy of mixing is small. Copolymers, polymer molecules containing more than one type of monomer unit, are frequently used to induce miscibility in homopolymer mixtures. Extensive work has previously established the importance of the copolymer composition, though the sequence of monomers within the copolymer has received less attention. Copolymers with random and with alternating sequences of monomers have been synthesized and mixed with homopolymers to evaluate the importance of the sequence distribution on blend miscibility. Blend miscibility determinations using differential scanning calorimetry and visual inspection can be erroneous when the glass transition temperatures of the phases are similar or the domains are small compared to the wavelength of light. Thus, we have used transmission electron microscopy to study the phase behavior of these polymer blends.Blend samples (∼30 mg) of poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA), homopolystyrene (PS), homopoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were prepared by casting from tetrahydrofuran and annealing at 150°C for 7 days.

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22

Yamamoto, Takakazu, Abla Mahmut, Masahiro Abe, Shin-Ichi Kuroda, Tatsuya Imase e Shintaro Sasaki. "Alternating copolymer of thiophene andN-(phenylethynyl)pyrrole. New π-conjugated alternating five-membered ring copolymer and its packing structure". Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 43, n. 16 (2005): 2219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.20515.

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23

Li, Guang Xing, Shi Chao Zhang, Wen Bo Liu e Xin Wei. "Cross-Linked Alternately Copolymerized Electrolyte Poly (styrene-a-maleic ester) Synthesized through Solvent-Free Strategy". Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (dicembre 2013): 1196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.1196.

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A solvent-free cross-linked alternating copolymer electrolyte is synthesized through photo copolymerization of comb-like poly (ethylene glycol) ester maleate and styrene. Phase transitions, thermal properties, ionic conductivities and electrochemical stabilities are investigated to characterize the alternating copolymer electrolyte. The flexible solid polymer electrolyte (spe) with lithium salt content of 15 wt.% and MA/-OH = 1 has a good ionic conductivity of 1.45×10-5 S cm-1 at 35 °C and a superior electrochemical stability to 5.2 V. The maleic anhydride on the main chain increases the rigidity of the copolymer matrix and decreases the ionic conductivity.

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24

Uozumi, Toshiya, Gonglu Tian, Cheol-Hee Ahn, Jizhu Jin, Shingo Tsubaki, Tsuneji Sano e Kazuo Soga. "Synthesis of functionalized alternating olefin copolymer and modification to graft copolymer by hydrosilylation". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 38, n. 10 (15 maggio 2000): 1844–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-0518(20000515)38:10<1844::aid-pola700>3.0.co;2-m.

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25

Severini, F., R. Gallo, L. Brambilla, C. Castiglioni e S. Ipsale. "Outdoor ageing of ethylene–carbon monoxide alternating copolymer". Polymer Degradation and Stability 69, n. 2 (luglio 2000): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(00)00051-3.

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26

Xu, Frank Y., e James C. W. Chien. "Photodegradation of .alpha.-olefin/carbon monoxide alternating copolymer". Macromolecules 26, n. 14 (luglio 1993): 3485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00066a004.

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27

Van Den Eede, Marie-Paule, Julien De Winter, Pascal Gerbaux e Guy Koeckelberghs. "Controlled Polymerization of a Cyclopentadithiophene–Phenylene Alternating Copolymer". Macromolecules 51, n. 21 (novembre 2018): 9043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01820.

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28

Salamone, J. C., W. C. Rice e A. C. Watterson. "Solution Behavior of an Alternating Anionic-Zwitterionic Copolymer". Journal of Macromolecular Science: Part A - Chemistry 28, n. 9 (settembre 1991): 885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222339108054066.

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29

Proto, Antonio, e Daniela Senatore. "Synthesis of an alternating ethylene-p-chlorostyrene copolymer". Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 200, n. 8 (1 agosto 1999): 1961–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3935(19990801)200:8<1961::aid-macp1961>3.0.co;2-j.

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30

Gurge, Ronald M., Markus Hickl, Gernot Krause, Paul M. Lahti, Bin Hu, Zhou Yang e Frank E. Karasz. "Synthesis of a green-emitting alternating block copolymer". Polymers for Advanced Technologies 9, n. 8 (agosto 1998): 504–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199808)9:8<504::aid-pat806>3.0.co;2-y.

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31

Brouwer, Hendrik Jan, Victor V. Krasnikov, Alain Hilberer e Georges Hadziioannou. "Blue superradiance from neat semiconducting alternating copolymer films". Advanced Materials 8, n. 11 (novembre 1996): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.19960081116.

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32

Dobreva, A., A. Nikolov e G. Kostov. "Crystallizaton Characteristics of the Alternating Tetrafluoroethylene-Ethylene Copolymer". Crystal Research and Technology 27, n. 7 (1992): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170270704.

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33

Funaki, Atushi, Suttinun Phongtamrug e Kohji Tashiro. "Crystal Structure Analysis of Ethylene−Tetrafluoroethylene Alternating Copolymer". Macromolecules 44, n. 6 (22 marzo 2011): 1540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma102785y.

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34

Auriemma, Finizia, Claudio De Rosa, Simona Esposito, Geoffrey W. Coates e Masayuki Fujita. "Crystal Structure of Alternating Isotactic Ethylene−Cyclopentene Copolymer". Macromolecules 38, n. 17 (agosto 2005): 7416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma050659v.

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35

Rzaev, Zakir M. O., Güneri Akovali, E. Yu Kuliyeva e N. Yu Lezgiev. "Complex-radical copolymerization of vinylcyclohexyl ketones with maleic anhydride and N-p-tolylmaleimide". Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 1, n. 1 (14 aprile 2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj343.

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Abstract (sommario):

<p>Some features of the formation and photochemical reactions of cyclohexylketone containing macromolecules including copolymers of vinylcyclohexyl ketone (VCHK) and its derivatives (V-a-Cl-CHK and V- d-C1-CHK) with maleic anhydride (MA) and N-p-tolylmaleimide (TMI) have been revealed. It has been established that keto-enol tautomerism is the only reaction realized in the vinylcyclohexylketone molecules having mobile hydrogen atom at a -position in the cyclohexane ring, enol form of which is formed by charge-transfer complexes with anhydride or imide of maleic acid as acceptor monomers. The kinetic parameters of these reactions, including complex-formation and copolymerization constants, as well as the ratios of chain growth rates for the participation of monomeric charge-transfer complexes and free monomers, are all determined. It is shown that an alternative copolymerization is realized with the monomer systems containing VCHK and V- d -C1-CHK, which are carried out through a complex-mechanism due to the keto-enol tautomerism; while random copolymer enriched with vinyl ketone units is formed with the system containing oc-substituted VCHK. It is found that characteristics of photochemical reactions of alternating copolymer synthesized depend on the type of substitutation in the vinyl ketone molecule; unlink VCHK-MA(TMI) and V-d-C1-CHK-MA(TMI) copolymers case which easily crosslink upon UVirradiation, and the N-substituted derivatives of these copolymers which decompose under similar condition.</p>

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36

Świtała-Żeliazkow, Maria. "Thermal degradation of copolymers of styrene with dicarboxylic acidsI. Alternating styrene-maleic acid copolymer". Polymer Degradation and Stability 74, n. 3 (gennaio 2001): 579–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00198-7.

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37

Zhang, Zhenghe, Lizhi Hong, Jinxia Li, Feng Liu, Haibo Cai, Yun Gao e Weian Zhang. "One-pot synthesis of well-defined amphiphilic alternating copolymer brushes based on POSS and their self-assembly in aqueous solution". RSC Advances 5, n. 28 (2015): 21580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15492d.

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Abstract (sommario):

The amphiphilic alternating copolymer brushes P(MIPOSS-alt-VBPEG) with a sequence of alternating MIPOSS and polyethylene glycol (PEG) side chains were synthesized via RAFT polymerization, and they could form spherical aggregates.

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38

Ohshio, Maho, Yoko Mizoue, Daijiro Shiino, Tatsuya Matsui, Kazuhiro Oda e Shin-ichi Yusa. "Preparation of an amphiphilic diblock copolymer composed of polystyrene and hydrophilic alternating copolymer blocks". Polymer Journal 52, n. 2 (28 ottobre 2019): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41428-019-0278-0.

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39

Motoyanagi, Jin, Ayaha Oguri e Masahiko Minoda. "Synthesis of Well-Defined Alternating Copolymer Composed of Ethylmaleimide and Hydroxy-Functionalized Vinyl Ether by RAFT Polymerization and Their Thermoresponsive Properties". Polymers 12, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2020): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102255.

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Abstract (sommario):

Here we report the controlled synthesis of alternating copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of hydroxy-functionalized vinyl ether (DEGV) and ethylmaleimide (EtMI) using dithiocarbonate derivative (CPDB) as the RAFT reagent. The resulting alternating copolymer poly[ethylmaleimide-alt-(diethylene glycol mono vinyl ether)] (poly(MalMI-alt-DEGV)) had a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn < 1.4). These polymers are fully soluble in cold water (5 °C) and an aqueous solution of poly(MalMI-alt-DEGV) became turbid upon heating (using an incident wavelength of 600 nm and 1.0 mg mL−1 (0.1 wt %) polymer concentration), indicating phase separation above the cloud point temperature (Tcp). The Tcp of the polymer solution ranged from 15–35 °C, depending on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer.

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40

Mohammed, Ameen Hadi, Tamador Ali Mahmood, Selvana Adwar Yousif, Aminu Musa e Nerodh Nasser Dally. "Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity Ratios of Poly Phenyl Acrylamide-Co-Methyl Methacrylate". Materials Science Forum 1002 (luglio 2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1002.66.

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Abstract (sommario):

The monomer phenyl acrylamide was synthesized by reacting acrylamide with chloro benzene in the presence of pyridine. Copolymer of phenyl acrylamide (PAM) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was synthesized by free radical technique using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The overall conversion was kept low (≤ 15% wt/wt) for all studies copolymers samples. The synthesized copolymers were characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and their thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The copolymers compositions were determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by linearization methods proposed by Kelen-Tudos and Fineman-Ross. The derived reactivity ratios (r1, r2) for (PAM-co-MMA) are: (0.03, 0.593). The microstructure of copolymers and sequence distribution of monomers in the copolymers were calculated by statistical method based on the average reactivity ratios and found that these values are in agreement with the derived reactivity ratios. Copolymers of PAM with MMA formed alternating copolymers.

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MATSUMOTO, Shouichi, Ayumi HASHIMOTO, Ayumi HIRAI, Takuo SONE e Takeshi SHIONO. "Alternating Copolymer of Propylene and Butadiene with Static Crystallinity". NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 92, n. 12 (2019): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.92.435.

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Chen, Jianxin, Chunyang Yu, Zengqian Shi, Songrui Yu, Zhongyuan Lu, Wengfeng Jiang, Meng Zhang, Wei He, Yongfeng Zhou e Deyue Yan. "Ultrathin Alternating Copolymer Nanotubes with Readily Tunable Surface Functionalities". Angewandte Chemie 127, n. 12 (3 febbraio 2015): 3692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201408290.

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Naka, Kensuke, Takashi Uemura e Yoshiki Chujo. "Alternating ?-conjugated copolymer of dithiafulvene with 2,2?-bipyridyl units". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 39, n. 23 (2001): 4083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.10062.

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44

Chen, Jianxin, Chunyang Yu, Zengqian Shi, Songrui Yu, Zhongyuan Lu, Wengfeng Jiang, Meng Zhang, Wei He, Yongfeng Zhou e Deyue Yan. "Ultrathin Alternating Copolymer Nanotubes with Readily Tunable Surface Functionalities". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, n. 12 (3 febbraio 2015): 3621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201408290.

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45

Fenimore, Stephen G., Ludmila Abezgauz, Dganit Danino, Chia-Chi Ho e Carlos C. Co. "Spontaneous Alternating Copolymer Vesicles of Alkylmaleimides and Vinyl Gluconamide". Macromolecules 42, n. 7 (14 aprile 2009): 2702–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma802472j.

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Song, Suhee, Youngeup Jin, Sung Heum Park, Shinuk Cho, Il Kim, Kwanghee Lee, Alan J. Heeger e Hongsuk Suh. "A low-bandgap alternating copolymer containing the dimethylbenzimidazole moiety". Journal of Materials Chemistry 20, n. 31 (2010): 6517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00772b.

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47

De, Swati, Torbjörn Pascher, Manisankar Maiti, Kim G. Jespersen, Tero Kesti, Fengling Zhang, Olle Inganäs, Arkady Yartsev e Villy Sundström. "Geminate Charge Recombination in Alternating Polyfluorene Copolymer/Fullerene Blends". Journal of the American Chemical Society 129, n. 27 (luglio 2007): 8466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja068909q.

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Kim, J. K., S. I. Hong, H. N. Cho, D. Y. Kim e C. Y. Kim. "An alternating copolymer for a blue light-emitting diode". Polymer Bulletin 38, n. 2 (febbraio 1997): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050034.

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Yamaguchi, Yoichi. "Electronic structure of polydifluorosilane, polydifluorogermane and their alternating copolymer". Synthetic Metals 52, n. 1 (settembre 1992): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(92)90019-f.

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Smirnova, N. N., M. S. Kozlova, O. N. Golodkov, Yu A. Zakharova, A. V. Markin, T. G. Kulagina, L. Ya Tsvetkova e G. P. Belov. "Thermodynamics of triple alternating copolymer ethylene—carbon monoxide—propylene". Russian Chemical Bulletin 63, n. 3 (marzo 2014): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-014-0483-0.

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