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1
Tərlan oğlu Məmmədli, Qüdrət. "The main characteristics of the wrinkled relief on the southern slope of the Greater Caucasus". NATURE AND SCIENCE 09, n. 04 (21 giugno 2021): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/09/24-26.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Like other mountainous regions of the Caucasus, the South-Eastern Caucasus is an epigeosynclinal mountain system formed by the first and middle alpine folds. Between the Alpine fold stage and the orogenic stage, the South-East Caucasus Mountains were denuded and turned into hilly, low mountain plains in the Oligocene and Miocene. Wrinkled structures were destroyed by denudation and a mostly neutral relief type was formed. Key words: Greater Caucasus, southern slope of the Greater Caucasus, morphostructure, wrinkled relief, geological development
2
Mackovčin, Peter, Ivo Machar, Jan Brus e Barbora Žáková. "Land Use Changes in the Alpine Tree Line Ecotone in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (Czech Republic)". Journal of Landscape Ecology 14, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2021): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2021-0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Currently, we expected a altitudinal shift of forest vegetation upward under predicted climate changes impacts to European mountains ecosystems. In this context can be very interesting, that changes in alpine tree line ecotone in high European mountains were induced by human activities relatively often also in history. Probably one of the most important driver in land-use changes in high mountains was grazing, which significantly have influenced both mountain spruce forests and open alpine grasslands in central-Europe. This paper deals with historical changes of land-use in Hruby Jesenik Mountains (Czech Republic) during 19th and 20th centuries. Results revealed consequences of former grazing in mountain grasslands above alpine tree line ecotone in the frame of land-use analyses based on historical maps and other sources. These results, based on historical data, support our better understanding to current dynamic changes in European mountain landscapes.
3
Ufimtsev, G. F. "ALPINE-TYPE MOUNTAINS". Geomorphology RAS, n. 1 (29 giugno 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2008-1-16-24.
Testo completo
4
Ding, Wen-Na, Richard H. Ree, Robert A. Spicer e Yao-Wu Xing. "Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora". Science 369, n. 6503 (30 luglio 2020): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb4484.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Understanding how alpine biotas formed in response to historical environmental change may improve our ability to predict and mitigate the threats to alpine species posed by global warming. In the world’s richest temperate alpine flora, that of the Tibet-Himalaya-Hengduan region, phylogenetic reconstructions of biome and geographic range evolution show that extant lineages emerged by the early Oligocene and diversified first in the Hengduan Mountains. By the early to middle Miocene, accelerated diversification and colonization of adjacent regions were likely driven jointly by mountain building and intensification of the Asian monsoon. The alpine flora of the Hengduan Mountains has continuously existed far longer than any other alpine flora on Earth and illustrates how modern biotas have been shaped by past geological and climatic events.
5
Konvička, Ondřej, e Ladislav Kandrnál. "Alpine longhorn (Rosalia alpina alpina) in the Chřiby mountains". Acta Carpathica Occidentalis 11, n. 1 (15 giugno 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.62317/aco.2020.004.
Testo completo
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Varga, Zoltán. "BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE HIGH MOUNTAIN LEPIDOPTERA IN THE BALKAN PENINSULA". Ecologica Montenegrina 1, n. 3 (22 ottobre 2014): 140–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2014.1.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Balkanic high mountains represent nearly all types of European vertical zonation. The elevation and vegetation character of the timberline and allied vegetation types (scrubs, tall vs short, closed vs. open rupicolous swards) but also the edaphic traits, etc. considerably influence the biogeographical composition of butterfly and moth assemblages. The habitats of the high elevations are populated by several types of mountain species. They belong to five main biogeographical groups: (i) boreo-montane (“Siberian”) species, often represented by isolated, partly differentiated populations mostly in the coniferous forests zones; (ii) arctic-alpine (in majority Eurasiatic!) species represented by isolated, most often taxonomically differentiated populations in alpine zones of highest Balkanic mountains; (iii) alpine (nearly exclusively European!) species represented by isolated, mostly taxonomically differentiated populations in subalpine-alpine zones of Balkanic mountains; (iv) Balkanic-oreal species often with isolated populations (subspecies) also in the Southern or Southwestern Alps and Massif Central, in special cases also Appenines and/or in Southern and Eastern Carpathians, as well; (v) oro-Mediterranean-xeromontane species occurring in the southern Balkanic mountains, being either endemic or represented by differentiated subspecies of western Asiatic species. The most typical biogeographical patterns in butterflies and macro-moths are as follows: (i) close connections of the western Balcanic (Dinaric) populations of alpine and arctic-alpine species with southeastern Alpine ones; (ii) close connections of the eastern Balcanic (Thracian) populations of alpine and arctic-alpine species with southern Carpathian ones; (iii) the “Central Balcanic split” in taxonomic subdivision of several alpine and arctic-alpine species; (iv) the southern limit of distribution of boreo-montane, arctic-alpine and alpine species agrees with the “Adamović-line”, i.e. the southern limit of the alpine type of vertical zonation of vegetation; (v) the northern limit of oro-Mediterranean xeromontane species also well agrees with this important line, since these species are connected with the oro-Mediterranean type of vegetation (partly by food plant specialisations, see: endemic Polyommatina or by rupicolous habitats, as some Noctuinae).
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ACHARYA, SURYA N. "GERMINATION RESPONSE OF TWO ALPINE GRASSES FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS OF ALBERTA". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 69, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1989): 1165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps89-139.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Germination studies on alpine bluegress (Poa alpina L.) and broad-glumed wheatgrass (Agropyron latiglume Scribn. and Smith [Rydb.]) were undertaken to determine optimum germination conditions, the presence of seed dormancy and the extent of variability among populations for rapid germination. Poa alpina seeds germinated best under darkness and 16/8 h cycles of 22/15 °C temperature, while A. latiglume needed a 29/22 °C regime and darkness for best germination. Rapid germination in both species occurred within a narrow range of temperature conditions. Light and suboptimal temperatures appeared to have an inhibitory effect on seed germination during the initial period of imbibition. Germination inhibition through external factors (secondary dormancy) and the presence of primary dormancy in the nursery-grown seeds may be a genetic adaptation to stressful alpine environments. This and the differences among populations for seed germination in both species are encouraging for our breeding program which is developing genotypes for alpine and subalpine reclamation.Key words: Alpine bluegrass, broad-glumed wheat grass, temperature effect, light, population, seed germination.
8
Geering, Corinne. "Zufluchtsorte in den Bergen: Die Bautätigkeit von Gebirgsvereinen und die Idealisierung der Karpaten in der Moderne". Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (22 settembre 2020): 229–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.19.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mountainous regions have long been considered dangerous and difficult to penetrate. Only few people used to enter the widely uninhabited landscape for occupational purposes such as herding cattle, transporting goods, and mapping and surveying the land. At night and in the case of bad weather, these people found refuge at higher altitudes in rudimentary mountain huts. In the nineteenth century, the number of mountain travellers increased rapidly due to the construction of new train lines and other means of transportation, and they set out to spend their leisure time with climbing and hiking. This novel recreational use of mountain landscapes placed higher demands on local facilities and infrastructure. Newly established alpine clubs attended to the construction of new mountain huts from the Alps through the Carpathians to the Caucasus. This article discusses the construction activity of alpine clubs as a process of idealisation that continues to shape mountain landscapes until today.Idealisation was not only achieved by means of written and visual representation, but complementarily by means of infrastructure, and it thus had a strong impact on the local social fabric. Mountain huts played a pioneering role in the touristic development of mountain regions, and in many instances, well equipped guesthouses and hotels were later constructed at the same site. This article analyses the appropriation of mountain landscapes through mountain huts and pays particular attention to the interactions between members of alpine clubs and the local population living in the mountains. The discussion is based on a set of travelogues, guidebooks, and annals by the Tatra Society, the Hungarian Carpathian Society, and the Transylvanian Carpathian Society which were published between the foundation of the first alpine clubs in the Carpathians in the 1870s and the beginning of the First World War. By highlighting the role of social background of agents, this article seeks to go beyond the focus in scholarship on nationalist interpretations. Rather, it reveals how landscape architecture attributed new cultural values to mountains in modernity.
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Geering, Corinne, e Monika Witt. "Miejsca schronienia w górach. Działalność budowlana towarzystw górskich i idealizacja Karpat w czasach nowoczesnych". Góry, Literatura, Kultura 13 (22 settembre 2020): 248–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.13.20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mountainous regions have long been considered dangerous and difficult to penetrate. Only few people used to enter the widely uninhabited landscape for occupational purposes such as herding cattle, transporting goods, and mapping and surveying the land. At night and in the case of bad weather, these people found refuge at higher altitudes in rudimentary mountain huts. In the nineteenth century, the number of mountain travellers increased rapidly due to the construction of new train lines and other means of transportation, and they set out to spend their leisure time with climbing and hiking. This novel recreational use of mountain landscapes placed higher demands on local facilities and infrastructure. Newly established alpine clubs attended to the construction of new mountain huts from the Alps through the Carpathians to the Caucasus. This article discusses the construction activity of alpine clubs as a process of idealisation that continues to shape mountain landscapes until today.
Idealisation was not only achieved by means of written and visual representation, but complementarily by means of infrastructure, and it thus had a strong impact on the local social fabric. Mountain huts played a pioneering role in the touristic development of mountain regions, and in many instances, well equipped guesthouses and hotels were later constructed at the same site. This article analyses the appropriation of mountain landscapes through mountain huts and pays particular attention to the interactions between members of alpine clubs and the local population living in the mountains. The discussion is based on a set of travelogues, guidebooks, and annals by the Tatra Society, the Hungarian Carpathian Society, and the Transylvanian Carpathian Society which were published between the foundation of the first alpine clubs in the Carpathians in the 1870s and the beginning of the First World War. By highlighting the role of social background of agents, this article seeks to go beyond the focus in scholarship on nationalist interpretations. Rather, it reveals how landscape architecture attributed new cultural values to mountains in modernity.
10
Dakskobler, Igor. "Phytosociological description of dwarf shrub communities with dominant Rhododendron hirsutum and Juniperus alpina in the Julian Alps and Trnovski Gozd Plataeu / Fitocenološki opis grmišč s prevladujočima vrstama Rhododendron hirsutum in Juniperus (...)". Folia biologica et geologica 63, n. 1 (23 giugno 2022): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3986/fbg0092.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We surveyed shrub communities with dominant Rhododendron hirsutum and Juniperus alpina in the subalpine and lower alpine belt of the Julian Alps. Based on comparison with similar communities in the Southeastern Alps and northwestern Dinaric Alps we classified them into the association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae and a new subassociation laserpitietosum peucedanoidis. Similar stands in the altimontane-subalpine belt of the Trnovski Gozd Plateau (Kozja Stena under Mt. Javorški Vrh) and the Snežnik Mountains (Ždroclje) are classified into the association Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae. On some sites, stands of the association Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae are a successional stage on former or still active alpine pastures, but they also have a strong protective function and play an important role as biotopes.
IZVLEČEK
V podvisokogorskem in spodnjem visokogorskem pasu Julijskih Alp smo popisali grmišča s prevladujočima vrstama Rhododendron hirsutum in Juniperus alpina in jih na podlagi primerjave s podobnimi združbami v Jugovzhodnih Alpah in v severozahodnem delu Dinarskega gorstva uvrstili v asociacijo Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae in v novo subasociacijo laserpitietosum peucedanoidis. Podobne sestoje v zgornjegorsko-podvisokogorskem pasu Trnovskega gozda (Kozja stena južno pod Javorškim vrhom) in Snežniškega pogorja (Ždroclje) uvrščamo v asociacijo Rhododendro hirsuti-Juniperetum alpinae. Sestoji asociacije Rhodothamno chamaecisti-Juniperetum alpinae so ponekod sukcesijski stadij na nekdanjih ali še dejavnih podvisokogorskih pašnikih, a imajo tudi pomembno varovalno in biotopsko vlogo.
11
Ikeda, Hajime. "Decades-long phylogeographic issues: complex historical processes and ecological factors on genetic structure of alpine plants in the Japanese Archipelago". Journal of Plant Research 135, n. 2 (15 febbraio 2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-022-01377-w.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractMountain regions are important places for biodiversity, where organisms could persist throughout prolonged periods and accumulate genetic divergence as well as promote speciation. Roles of mountains for biodiversity have been exclusively discussed in regions that have specifically diverse species or covered with ice-sheets during the Pleistocene glacial periods, whereas the importance of mountainous regions in East Asia has been less disputed. High mountains in the Japanese Archipelago, located at the eastern edge of the Eurasia continent, have one of southernmost populations of alpine and arctic-alpine plants that are also distributed in the northern Pacific and/or the circumarctic regions. Phylogeographic studies on the Japanese alpine plants have excluded their possible ephemeral occurrence during the current warm period, and rather, suggest persistence of alpine plants throughout several cycles of climate changes in the Pleistocene on high mountains in central Honshu, the main island of the Japanese Archipelago. In this review, I look through decade long phylogeographic studies and show complicated patterns of range dynamics of Japanese alpine plants. In addition, I note recent findings of genetic relationships of Japanese populations of alpine and/or arctic-alpine plants with those in northern regions and their possible ecological divergence in the Japanese Archipelago. Taken together, I provide several issues for understanding historical processes that established distribution of alpine plants following climate changes as well as their diversification and propose importance of Japanese populations of alpine plants on biodiversity in alpine communities across broader range, especially in the northern Pacific region.
12
Ma, Xinping, Hongying Bai, Chenhui Deng e Tao Wu. "Sensitivity of Vegetation on Alpine and Subalpine Timberline in Qinling Mountains to Temperature Change". Forests 10, n. 12 (3 dicembre 2019): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10121105.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alpine timberline is a great place for monitoring climate change. The study of alpine and subalpine timberline in Qinling Mountains has led to early warning that reveals the response and adaptation of terrestrial vegetation ecosystem to climate change. Based on the remote sensing image classification method, the typical timberline area in Qinling Mountains was determined. Temperature and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data were extracted from the typical timberline area based on spatial interpolation and NDVI data. The relationship between NDVI and temperature change and the critical temperature value affecting vegetation response in the timberline area in Qinling Mountains were analyzed. Correlation between NDVI and air temperature in the alpine and subalpine timberline areas of Qinling Mountains exhibited an upward trend, which implied that temperature promotes vegetation activity. A strong correlation between temperature and NDVI in typical timberline areas of Qinling Mountains, and a significant correlation between temperature and NDVI in the early growing season. A phenomenon of NDVI lagging behind air temperature was observed. Temperature response showed synchronization and hysteresis. The correlation between cumulative temperature and vegetation was similar between Taibai Mountain and Niubeiliang timberline, and the correlation between NDVI in April and cumulative temperature in the first 12 months was the strongest. Temperature threshold range of Taibai Mountain timberline played a dominant role in vegetation growth. Our results provide insights and basis for future studies of early warning signs of climate change, specifically between 0.34 and 1.34 °C. The threshold ranges of temperature response of different vegetation types vary. Compared with alpine shrub meadow, the threshold ranges of temperature effect of Coniferous forest and Larix chinensis Beissn. are smaller, implying that these vegetation types are more sensitive to temperature change.
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Wan, H., X. Y. Wang, P. Guo e X. Y. Jin. "DIGITAL EXTRACTION AND CHANGE ANALYSIS OF ALTITUDINAL NATURAL ZONES IN TIANSHAN TOMUR NATURAL HERITAGE SITE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (7 febbraio 2020): 649–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-649-2020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. The Tomur Natural Heritage Site possesses the most typical altitudinal natural zones on the south slope of the Tianshan Mountains. Five altitudinal zones have developed on the south faced slope, including: warm temperate desert zone, mountain steppe zone, alpine meadow zone, alpine cushion vegetation zone and ice-snow zone. The demarcation elevation of the altitudinal natural zones on the south slope was extracted based on surface classification data, DEM and NDVI of the 1992 and 2016 Landsat TM/OLI data. The results showed that the demarcation elevation between the warm temperate desert zone and the mountain steppe zone rose by 6 m, the mountain steppe zone and the alpine meadow zone fell by 25 m, the alpine meadow zone and the alpine cushion vegetation zone moves up by 26 m, and the lower limit of the ice-snow zone rose by 11 m.
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Fan, Mengtian, Jianhua Xu, Yaning Chen, Meihui Fan, Wenzheng Yu e Weihong Li. "Temperature Contributes More than Precipitation to Runoff in the High Mountains of Northwest China". Remote Sensing 14, n. 16 (18 agosto 2022): 4015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In alpine areas in Northwest China, such as the Tianshan Mountains, the lack of climate data (because of scarce meteorological stations) makes it difficult to assess the impact of climate change on runoff. The main contribution of this study was to develop an integrated method to assess the impact of climate change on runoff in data-scarce high mountains. Based on reanalysis products, this study firstly downscaled climate data using machine learning algorithms, then developed a Batch Gradient Descent Linear Regression to calculate the contributions of temperature and precipitation to runoff. Applying this method to six mountainous basins originating from the Tianshan Mountains, we found that climate changes in high mountains are more significant than in lowlands. In high mountains, the runoff changes are mainly affected by temperature, whereas in lowlands, precipitation contributes more than temperature to runoff. The contributions of precipitation and temperature to runoff changes were 20% and 80%, respectively, in the Kumarik River. The insights gained in this study can guide other studies on climate and hydrology in high mountain basins.
15
Gehrke, Berit. "Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments". PhytoKeys 96 (17 aprile 2018): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plant species tend to retain their ancestral ecology, responding to temporal, geographic and climatic changes by tracking suitable habitats rather than adapting to novel conditions. Nevertheless, transitions into different environments or biomes still seem to be common. Especially intriguing are the tropical alpine-like areas found on only the highest mountainous regions surrounded by tropical environments. Tropical mountains are hotspots of biodiversity, often with striking degrees of endemism at higher elevations. On these mountains, steep environmental gradients and high habitat heterogeneity within small spaces coincide with astounding species diversity of great conservation value. The analysis presented here shows that the importance ofin situspeciation in tropical alpine-like areas has been underestimated. Additionally and contrary to widely held opinion, the impact of dispersal from other regions with alpine-like environments is relatively minor compared to that of immigration from other biomes with a temperate (but not alpine-like) climate. This suggests that establishment in tropical alpine-like regions is favoured by preadaptation to a temperate, especially aseasonal, freezing regime such as the cool temperate climate regions in the Tropics. Furthermore, emigration out of an alpine-like environment is generally rare, suggesting that alpine-like environments – at least tropical ones – are species sinks.
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Tan, Xinyuan, Hong He, Shengwei Zong, Miaomiao Wu, Kai Liu e Dandan Zhao. "Herbaceous Encroachment from Mountain Birch Forests to Alpine Tundra Plant Communities Through Above- and Belowground Competition". Forests 10, n. 2 (16 febbraio 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alpine plant communities are highly sensitive to global warming. One of the consequences of the warming is encroachment by herbaceous plants from forests at low elevations into alpine ecosystems. In the Changbai Mountains, narrowleaf small reed (Deyeuxia angustifolia (Kom.) Y. L. Chang) from mountain birch forests encroached upward into alpine tundra, gradually replacing native tundra shrubs such as Rhododendron (Rhododendron aureum Georgi). How encroaching plants affect native plant communities is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed above- and belowground biomass of alpine plant communities at five encroachment levels to investigate how biomass allocation changed at species and community scales. Our research showed that native plants are forced to change their morphology to cope with competition, at both above- and belowground levels, from encroaching plants. We found that (1) R. aureum increased the shoot height and leaf area in order to compete with D. angustifolia; (2) above- and belowground biomass of D. angustifolia increased while above- and belowground biomass of R. aureum decreased with increasing levels of encroachment; and (3) D. angustifolia encroachment reduced the total biomass of alpine tundra. Encroachment by herbaceous plants has a long-term negative impact on the ability of tundra plants to sequester carbon in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains.
17
Flora, Gerhard. "Mountain Air Rescue in the Alps". Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, n. 1 (1985): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00032787.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For over 100 years, Innsbruck, Austria had been a center for Alpine and winter sports. In 1896, it became necessary to found an Alpine rescue service to come to the help of mountain climbers and skiers who were injured or stranded in our mountains. The reason for today's accidents are the same as they were 50 years ago. On the one hand, Alpine accidents are a consequence of preventable dangers, such as inadequate equipment, carelessness, and too little Alpine experience. On the other hand, they are caused by objective dangers, e.g., falling rocks, weather, lightning and avalanches. The rescue methods, however, have undergone a fundamental change over the last 3 years.
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Cripps, C., e E. Horak. "Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l." Sommerfeltia 31, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2008): 101–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10208-011-0005-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Checklist and Ecology of the Agaricales, Russulales and Boletales in the alpine zone of the Rocky Mountains (Colorado, Montana, Wyoming) at 3000-4000 m a.s.l.Previously, the Rocky Mountain alpine zone was a mycological blank spot. There have only been a few scattered records of macrofungi from this region and limited number of publications. This alpine survey covers the Beartooth Plateau in Montana/Wyoming for the North-central Floristic Region (lat 45°N) and the Front Range, San Juan Mountains, Sawatch Range for the Southern Floristic Region in Colorado (lat 36°-38°N), and reports over 165 species in 46 genera and 11 families (ca 1 500 collections). It is estimated that over 75% are known arctic-alpine macromycetes and the remainder are Rocky Mountain species. Of these, we estimate that 2-5% are new to science, 75% are new records for this Rocky Mountain alpine zone, and that over half will be new to Colorado or Montana/Wyoming. Approximately 56% are mycorrhizal species associated with Salix reticulata, S. arctica, S. planifolia, S. glauca, Betula nana = B. glandulosa, Dryas octopetala and Polygonum viviparum. Mycorrhizal species that occur with Betula are rare in the Rockies due to a paucity of this host. The most diverse mycorrhizal family is the Cortinariaceae with over 74 species, primarily of Inocybe and Cortinarius. Saprobic genera associate with a diversity of bryophytes or are terrestrial primarily in grassland; macrofungi on woody debris are rare. A greater diversity occurs in southern mountain ranges which are more diverse in geology and habitat. The southern extent of the Rockies at latitudes of 36-38°N likely includes the southernmost extent of certain Arctic-alpine fungi such as Arrhenia auriscalpium for the Northern hemisphere. Macrofungal fruitings are sparse compared to those in maritime arctic-alpine habitats due to a well-defined continental climate with drying winds, low relative humidity, periodic droughts, fire, strong diurnal temperature fluctuations and high elevations of 3 000-4 000 m. This report helps complete distributions of arctic-alpine fungi, and discusses the ecology of individual taxonomic groups in relation to other Arctic-alpine areas.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony". JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, n. 2 (26 aprile 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
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Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony". JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, n. 2 (26 aprile 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
21
Lehmann, Benita. "Jennifer Peedom's Mountain as a City Symphony". JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, n. 2 (26 aprile 2022): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i2.100.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article explores Jennifer Peedom’s film Mountain (2017) through the lens of the city symphony in view of structural, aesthetic, and thematic parallels between mountain and city symphony films. Analyzing Mountain in the generic context of the city symphony film draws attention to the deep structural links between urban centers and mountains, and their shared technological and urban infrastructures. This appraoch also harnesses the potential of film studies to revise dominant perceptions of mountains and can help viewers understand mountains as places of density and as dense networks that are developed by technological infrastructure and informed by dense technological, social, and cultural networks. By drawing on media ecology, actor-network theory, and media archeology, I will show that, similar to city symphonies, Mountain explores collective networks beyond the human realm to shed light on mountains as cultural spaces, geological manifestations, and eco-social realities. In so doing, Mountain tries to help humans to come to terms with the deep temporalities of alpine spaces and their technological mediations.
22
Miller, Norton G., e Ray W. Spear. "Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, n. 1 (2 ottobre 2002): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004854ar.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.
23
Baskar, Bojan. "Mountain migrations in recent Alpine anthropology: some critical remarks to Braudel's residual sedentarism and immobilism". Ars & Humanitas 7, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2013): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.7.2.33-44.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is argued in this paper that Braudel's view of mountain communities (which he, though allowing for numerous exceptions, depicted as isolated, largely immobile and prolific) remains heavily indebted to the tradition of the Vidalian School of Human Geography, characterized by its immobilism and anti-urban bias. Braudel is famous for “dynamizing” the Mediterranean and thereby opposing Vidalian immobilism. However, Braudel's dynamism and his stress on mobility and connectivity applies only to his view of the urban part, whereas his view of the rural, and especially mountainous, hinterlands remains largely exempted from it. This questioning of the Braudelian model of mountain migrations is based on the recent developments within Alpine anthropology made possible by its cross-fertilization with historical demography (Pier Paolo Viazzo and his “school”) as well as within recent mountain studies in general. The new picture of mountain communities emerging from these studies is one of highly mobile mountain populations who are characterized by entrepreneurial spirit and proactive strategies of migration, and is often based on prosperity instead of misery and hunger, and it aims at making the survival of mountain communities possible. As this “Alpine model” has been progressively expanded and tested on other mountain environments, this paper argues for the continuities between the Alps and the mountains of the Balkan peninsula.
24
Baskar, Bojan. "Mountain migrations in recent Alpine anthropology: some critical remarks to Braudel's residual sedentarism and immobilism". Ars & Humanitas 7, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2013): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.7.2.33-44.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is argued in this paper that Braudel's view of mountain communities (which he, though allowing for numerous exceptions, depicted as isolated, largely immobile and prolific) remains heavily indebted to the tradition of the Vidalian School of Human Geography, characterized by its immobilism and anti-urban bias. Braudel is famous for “dynamizing” the Mediterranean and thereby opposing Vidalian immobilism. However, Braudel's dynamism and his stress on mobility and connectivity applies only to his view of the urban part, whereas his view of the rural, and especially mountainous, hinterlands remains largely exempted from it. This questioning of the Braudelian model of mountain migrations is based on the recent developments within Alpine anthropology made possible by its cross-fertilization with historical demography (Pier Paolo Viazzo and his “school”) as well as within recent mountain studies in general. The new picture of mountain communities emerging from these studies is one of highly mobile mountain populations who are characterized by entrepreneurial spirit and proactive strategies of migration, and is often based on prosperity instead of misery and hunger, and it aims at making the survival of mountain communities possible. As this “Alpine model” has been progressively expanded and tested on other mountain environments, this paper argues for the continuities between the Alps and the mountains of the Balkan peninsula.
25
Hernández-Henríquez, Marco A., Aseem R. Sharma, Mark Taylor, Hadleigh D. Thompson e Stephen J. Déry. "The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006". Earth System Science Data 10, n. 3 (11 settembre 2018): 1655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1655-2018.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's (BC's) Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological stations positioned at strategic locations across mid- to high elevations of the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain region spans 44 150 km2, forming the northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with old-growth western redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys, montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir permeate the mid-elevations, while alpine tundra, glaciers and several large ice fields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall and snow depth at 15 min intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow, or water temperature, and soil moisture, among others. Details on deployment sites, the instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo, an online public data repository, are also furnished (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain, efforts to push data online in (near-)real time, availability of ancillary data and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.
26
MORADI, HALIME, e FARIDEH ATTAR. "Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, n. 1 (4 dicembre 2018): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Moradi H, Attar F. 2019. Comparative study of floristic diversity along altitude in the northern slope of the central Alborz Mountains, Iran. Biodiversitas 20: 305-312. The Alborz is one of two main mountain chains in the north of Iran. The flora and vegetation of the sub-alpine and alpine zone of the central Alborz are less known comparing to the vegetation of lower altitudes with Hyrcanain forests. In this study, floristic composition and life-form spectra were investigated along an altitudinal transect ranging from 2000 m to the alpine and sub-nival peak of Mt. Rostam-Nisht at 4500 m. We compared the floristic diversity of the studied transect with the data obtained from an earlier studied transect in Kheyrud forest. A total of 299 taxa were found in the survey which showed high species diversity in the area. In addition, our results showed remarkable difference in life form categories between lower altitudes (Hyrcanian forests) and sub-alpine and alpine zones.
27
Schneevoigt, N. J., e L. Schrott. "Linking geomorphic systems theory and remote sensing : a conceptual approach to Alpine landform detection (Reintal, Bavarian Alps, Germany)". Geographica Helvetica 61, n. 3 (30 settembre 2006): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-61-181-2006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Although the global importance of high mountains is increasingly being recognised, their geomorphic process System has not been completely understood as yet. While Systems theory and geographical information Systems (GIS) approaches have been long-serving in alpine geomorphology, the implementation of remote sensing (RS) tools is still rare. However, objeet-oriented image analysis lends itself to alpine applications, as it unites the benefits of RS and GIS. The Systems approach and the object-oriented classification of an ASTER satellite scene with digital elevation information are parallelized in the Reintal (Bavarian Alps). In a hierarchical, multiscale data segmentation and Classification, alpine landforms can be detected with high accuracy. Hence, RS techniques represent a valuable tool for high mountain geomorphology.
28
Roszkowska, Ewa. "The Alpine context of the development of Polish mountaineering up to 1914". Studies in Sport Humanities 24 (12 luglio 2019): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7559.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Polish Tatra tourism and its specialised form – mountaineering, experienced a dynamic period of their development in the second half of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century, at a period when Poland did not exist on world maps. At that time, the Tatra Mountains for Poles, were more than a place of fascination with mountains or implementation of mountain passion, they were a symbol of freedom, a kind of sacrum, „altars of freedom” and a testimony of national pride. Perhaps for this reason, the history of mountain climbing was viewed from a local, Polish perspective. In this article, it is shown that the development of tourist activity in the Tatras as well as the origin and evolution of mountain climbing were largely conditioned by inspirations fl owing from Western European mountaineering. This infl uence was manifested in the theoretical (ideological) dimension conditioned by knowledge of mountaineering literature, direct contact between mountaineers and mountaineering achievements during climbing trips to the Alps and the Dolomites, and the support received by Polish mountaineers from active mountaineers in the Tatras. As a consequence of these inspirations, mountain climbing, with the characteristic features of Western European mountain eering, was born.
29
Kopácek, J., J. Veselý e E. Stuchlík. "Sulphur and nitrogen fluxes and budgets in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra Mountains during the Industrial Revolution (1850-2000)". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, n. 3 (30 settembre 2001): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-391-2001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Major fluxes of sulphur and dissolved inorganic nitrogen were estimated in Central European mountain ecosystems of the Bohemian Forest (forest lakes) and Tatra Mountains (alpine lakes) over the industrial period. Sulphur outputs from these ecosystems were comparable to inputs during a period of relatively stable atmospheric deposition (10-35 mmol m-2 yr-1) around the 1930s. Atmospheric inputs of sulphur increased by three- to four-fold between the 1950s and 1980s to ~140 and ~60 mmol mm-2 yr-1 in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra Mountains, respectively. Sulphur outputs were lower than inputs due to accumulation in soils, which was higher in forest soils than in the sparser alpine soils and represented 0.8-1.6 and 0.2-0.3 mol m-2, respectively, for the whole 1930-2000 period. In the 1990s, atmospheric inputs of sulphur decreased 80% and 50% in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra Mountains, respectively, and sulphur outputs exceeded inputs. Catchment soils became pronounced sources of sulphur with output fluxes averaging between 15 and 31 mmol m-2 yr-1. Higher sulphur accumulation in the forest soils has delayed (by several decades) recovery of forest lakes from acidification compared to alpine lakes. Estimated deposition of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was 53-75 mmol m-2 yr-1 in the Bohemian Forest and 35-45 mmol m-2 yr-1 in the Tatra Mountains in the 1880- 1950 period, i.e. below the empirically derived threshold of ~70 mmol m-2 yr-1, above which nitrogen leaching often occurs. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was efficiently retained in the ecosystems and nitrate export was negligible (0-7 mmol m-2 yr-1). By the 1980s, nitrogen deposition increased to ~160 and ~80 mmol m-2 yr-1 in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra Mountains, respectively, and nitrogen output increased to 120 and 60 mmol m-2 yr-1. Moreover, assimilation of nitrogen in soils declined from ~40 to 10-20 mmol m-2 yr-1 in the alpine soils and even more in the Bohemian Forest, where one of the catchments has even become a net source of nitrogen. In the 1990s, nitrogen deposition decreased by ~30% and DIN output decreased to < 70 and 35 mmol m-2 yr-1 in the Bohemian Forest and Tatra Mountains, respectively. New steady-state conditions, with negligible nitrogen export, could be reached in future but at lower nitrogen depositions than in the 1930s. Keywords: emission, deposition, acidification, nitrogen-saturation, recovery, sulphate, nitrate, ammonium, mountain lakes
30
Pahl, Michelle, e Barb Darroch. "The effect of temperature and photoperiod on primary floral induction in three lines of alpine bluegrass". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1997): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effects of temperature and photoperiod on primary floral induction in three lines of alpine bluegrass (Poa alpina L.) were studied in controlled environments. These lines were developed at the Alberta Environmental Centre from single plant accessions collected from the Alberta Rocky Mountains. Plants representing all three lines were subjected to temperatures of 3, 9, and 12 °C under dark (0 h), short-day (8 h), and long-day (18 h) photoperiods for durations of 6, 10, and 14 wk. Plants were subsequently transferred to conditions of 22 °C/15 °C, 18 h photoperiod and heading response was recorded. Primary floral induction was found to be favoured by low temperatures and/or short days with marked inhibition at 12 °C. Complete dark conditions were not inductive. Six weeks of primary induction was suboptimal with only 15% of plants flowering. However, 100% of plants flowered after 10 wk of primary induction at 3 °C under both long-day and short-day conditions. Differences among lines were significant for number of heading plants, number of heads per plant, time to heading, and critical induction duration. Primary induction in line 907 occurred at longer photoperiods, warmer temperatures, and in shorter durations than the other lines indicating a lesser induction requirement. Possible implications are discussed in the use of alpine bluegrass populations for revegetating disturbed mountain sites. Key words: Floral induction, temperature, photoperiod, Poa alpina, alpine bluegrass
31
Niederheiser, Robert, Martin Rutzinger, Andrea Lamprecht, Klaus Steinbauer, Manuela Winkler e Harald Pauli. "MAPPING ALPINE VEGETATION LOCATION PROPERTIES BY DENSE MATCHING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (16 giugno 2016): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b5-881-2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Highly accurate 3D micro topographic mapping in mountain research demands for light equipment and low cost solutions. Recent developments in structure from motion and dense matching techniques provide promising tools for such applications. In the following, the feasibility of terrestrial photogrammetry for mapping topographic location properties of sparsely vegetated areas in selected European mountain regions is investigated. Changes in species composition at alpine vegetation locations are indicators of climate change consequences, such as the pronounced rise of average temperatures in mountains compared to the global average. Better understanding of climate change effects on plants demand for investigations on a micro-topographic scale. We use professional and consumer grade digital single-lens reflex cameras mapping 288 plots each 3 x 3 m on 18 summits in the Alps and Mediterranean Mountains within the GLORIA (GLobal Observation Research Initiative in Alpine environments) network. Image matching tests result in accuracies that are in the order of millimetres in the XY-plane and below 0.5 mm in Z-direction at the second image pyramid level. Reconstructing vegetation proves to be a challenge due to its fine and small structured architecture and its permanent movement by wind during image acquisition, which is omnipresent on mountain summits. The produced 3D point clouds are gridded to 6 mm resolution from which topographic parameters such as slope, aspect and roughness are derived. At a later project stage these parameters will be statistically linked to botanical reference data in order to conclude on relations between specific location properties and species compositions.
32
Niederheiser, Robert, Martin Rutzinger, Andrea Lamprecht, Klaus Steinbauer, Manuela Winkler e Harald Pauli. "MAPPING ALPINE VEGETATION LOCATION PROPERTIES BY DENSE MATCHING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B5 (16 giugno 2016): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b5-881-2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Highly accurate 3D micro topographic mapping in mountain research demands for light equipment and low cost solutions. Recent developments in structure from motion and dense matching techniques provide promising tools for such applications. In the following, the feasibility of terrestrial photogrammetry for mapping topographic location properties of sparsely vegetated areas in selected European mountain regions is investigated. Changes in species composition at alpine vegetation locations are indicators of climate change consequences, such as the pronounced rise of average temperatures in mountains compared to the global average. Better understanding of climate change effects on plants demand for investigations on a micro-topographic scale. We use professional and consumer grade digital single-lens reflex cameras mapping 288 plots each 3 x 3 m on 18 summits in the Alps and Mediterranean Mountains within the GLORIA (GLobal Observation Research Initiative in Alpine environments) network. Image matching tests result in accuracies that are in the order of millimetres in the XY-plane and below 0.5 mm in Z-direction at the second image pyramid level. Reconstructing vegetation proves to be a challenge due to its fine and small structured architecture and its permanent movement by wind during image acquisition, which is omnipresent on mountain summits. The produced 3D point clouds are gridded to 6 mm resolution from which topographic parameters such as slope, aspect and roughness are derived. At a later project stage these parameters will be statistically linked to botanical reference data in order to conclude on relations between specific location properties and species compositions.
33
Mazzocchi, Chiara, Guido Sali e Giordano Ruggeri. "Tourists’ Preferences for Alpine Pastures Maintenance". Landscape Online 68 (18 maggio 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201968.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Traditional extensive agriculture is the main factor of landscape management in the mountains: a large part of the Alps is modelled by agriculture. Interpreted as a multifunctional activity, including landscape modelling and maintenance, agriculture generates the conditions under which mountain pasture landscape is an economic resource potentially exploitable by tourism. The aim of this work is to draw the profiles of tourists of mountain pastures and to estimate their Willingness to Pay (WTP)for landscape pastures resilience. The innovation of this work lies in the use of a multivariate approach using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The analysis obtained three clusters that identify different tourists’ profiles. The main result is the existence of a positive WTP for the permanence of pasture systems with an agricultural management. Policy guidelines have been proposed to institutions owning pastures and huts to manage these assets.
34
Apostolova, Iva, Hristo Pedashenko, Desislava Sopotlieva, Nikolay Velev, Kiril Vassilev e Tenyo Meshinev. "Arctic-Alpine plants in Bulgarian mountains". LAZAROA 34, n. 1 (23 dicembre 2013): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_laza.2013.v34.n1.43180.
Testo completo
35
Cooper, David J., Joseph F. Duft e Robert K. Mosley. "Alpine Wildflowers of the Rocky Mountains". Arctic and Alpine Research 22, n. 4 (novembre 1990): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551467.
Testo completo
36
KARIEL, HERBERT G. "ALPINE HUTS IN CANADA'S WESTERN MOUNTAINS". Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 36, n. 2 (giugno 1992): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1992.tb01127.x.
Testo completo
37
Kiss, Imre, e Alexa Vasile. "The ecological restoration of mountain habitats by artificial regeneration". Tájökológiai Lapok 12, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2014): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3725.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The monitoring of alpine habitats showed that they are some of the most threatened habitats in Romania. In order to restore and maintain the mountain pine shrubs of this area to a favourable conservation status, fully in line with the existing EU and national legislation and environmental requirements, some management measures are proposed. To achieve the protection and preservation of the habitats from the Retezat National Park, certain general management measures are required to maintain the habitats at an optimal level. In the paper, the assessment of the alpine habitats found in Retezat National Park, located in Meridional Carpathians (Romanian Southern Carpathians), and the conservation management activities used to halt the alpine habitats destruction in the Retezat Mountains are presented. The current state of mountain pines in the Retezat National Park, under the action of subalpine and alpine grazing degradation, is also explained. Additionally, the study offers details concerning methods for restoration of degraded habitats, using the mountain grassland regeneration technique. Developing grazing regulations for maintaining livestock according to the current conditions of the grasslands, as well as promoting the natural regeneration of forest habitats, are both important measures in this regard.
38
Ogrin, Matej, e Erika Kozamernik. "Horizontal Precipitation Gradients in Alpine Valleys of Northwestern Slovenia". Dela, n. 49 (28 dicembre 2018): 5–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.49.5-36.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mountain landscapes are the areas characteristic for a great spatial variability of precipitation amounts. On the windward sides of orographic barriers there is intense rising of air, and on the lee sides air descends. The intensity of the two processes is manifested in great differences in precipitation amounts at short distances. Although the network of precipitation stations is the densest in the Alps of all mountain regions in the world, precipitation regime at the micro level continues to be poorly known at many a place. Precipitation stations in mountainous landscapes are the most numerous in lower-lying and settled areas, whereas they are rather few in the high-lying areas. Also the accuracy of measurements is problematic in the mountains. As a result, the information on precipitation regime is inadequate right in the areas with the largest precipitation amounts. This means that the estimation of water balance is inadequate, and it is difficult to forecast the precipitation-related processes, such as torrential floods, landslides, avalanches, and the like. The present paper deals with horizontal precipitation gradients in the Alpine valleys of Planica, Krnica and the stream Beli potok which are all situated in the north-western part of the Slovenian section of the Julian Alps.
39
Green, K., N. E. Davis e W. A. Robinson. "Does diet constrain the occupation of high elevations by macropods? A comparison between Macropus rufogriseus and Wallabia bicolor". Australian Mammalogy 36, n. 2 (2014): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am14007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ability to utilise a diet of shrubs or trees is key to the survival of herbivores in deep snow. However, reduction in snow depth with climate change may allow herbivores into higher elevations where herbfields are dominant. Wallabia bicolor occurs above the winter snowline of the Snowy Mountains in the subalpine zone, whereas Macropus rufogriseus, does not although it is present in alpine Tasmania. The winter diet of W. bicolor in the Snowy Mountains consisted of shrubs, trees, and herbs. With >60% of food sources (shrubs and trees) available above the snow, the change from occupation of habitat below the winter snowline to above requires little change in its diet. Consumption of shrubs, forbs and monocots by M. rufogriseus was similar between the Snowy Mountains and alpine Tasmania. M. rufogriseus includes a high proportion of shrubs in its diet; however, it may be excluded from snow-covered habitat due to a lesser ability to utilise poor-quality browse. Globally, migratory herbivores respond to deep snow with seasonal movements. However, W. bicolor and M. rufogriseus are not migratory and can only occupy higher elevations of the Snowy Mountains as snow depth and duration diminish. Because they do not currently occupy the alpine zone and the vegetation has not evolved to accommodate their presence, their impact on alpine vegetation is likely to be greater than migratory alpine grazers/browsers.
40
POPESCU, Răzvan. "Permafrost investigations in Iezer Mountains, Southern Carpathians". Revista de Geomorfologie 20, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2018): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21094/rg.2018.033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper assesses the possibility of permafrost occurrence in Iezer Mountains using field observations, GIS analysis and thermal investigations in the field. Rock glaciers as the main mountain permafrost footprint in the landscape are mapped using cross validation from two independent inventories, analysed and classified in terms of size, altitude, morphology, air temperature and vegetation cover. Measurements of spring temperatures, bottom temperature of snow (BTS) and continuous (near) ground surface temperature (GST) were applied to check for permafrost presence. Autumn temperature of 20 alpine springs are analysed and grouped by their source, temperature and apparent discharges. BTS was applied on 3 sites from the upper part of Colților Valley in 2012 and 2018 along GST in Tambura scree in 2012–2018 period. 16 rock glaciers are considered to exist in Iezer Massif, a much smaller number than previously assumed. We argue that several other landforms are rock–ice features and should be inventoried and analysed in corresponding with minimal past permafrost creep. Rock glaciers are poorly developed and have a faded morphology because of low debris availability, short periods of time with favourable climates and less supportive mountain morphometry. Alpine springs indicate possible permafrost occurrence in one rock glacier and one talus slope and BTS reveal sporadic patches of permafrost down to 1900 m asl in Colților Valley. GST supports the multiannual stability of permafrost indicating BTS on a multiannual scale and suggests the great importance of autumn–early winter temperatures and snow interplay for ground cooling and permafrost maintenance. We argue that 11 rock glaciers from Iezer Mountains are probably inactive. MAGST of 1.1 – 3.2 °C suggest a strong thermal gradient in the blocky layer if permafrost is truly present. Alpine screes possibly underlain by permafrost seem not to be disturbed by any modern climate changes.
41
Lyubeznova, N. V. "Dynamics of development of juvenile plants in the mountain-tundra belt of the Khibiny Mountains". Проблемы ботаники Южной Сибири и Монголии 22, n. 1 (3 luglio 2023): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2023040.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Germination of seeds and survival of seedlings are important characteristics of the functioning of communities. There are few observations in the literature on the dynamics of seed germination in untouched alpine communities. Severe abiotic environmental factors characteristic of high mountains make it difficult for juvenile plants to take root, and they show high mortality in the first year of life. For 9 years (2011-2019), all juvenile plants were recorded on 5 m2 of the mountain-tundra community of the Khibiny Mountains and their further life was traced. For most plants of the alpine tundra community, low germination and high mortality of juvenile plants in the first year of life were confirmed. Seeds of some species of undisturbed plots, did not germinate during the observation period, most of the rest they did not survive. In species of slightly disturbed places, the number of seedlings was proportional to the number of species in the community, with the exception of species that do not have vegetative propagation. In the latter, seed germination was higher. A surge in the number of seedlings was observed in 2016 and 2019. The surviving individuals did not pass into the generative age state for 7-9 years of observations, which confirms the duration of the life cycle of alpine species.
42
Konovalov, V. G., e V. A. Rudakov. "Remote assessment of reserve capacity of outburst alpine lakes". Ice and Snow 56, n. 2 (11 maggio 2016): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2016-2-235-245.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Results of distant satellite sounding (the TERRA satellite) of high-mountainous areas and digital models SRTM 4.1 and ASTER DEM G2 of the same relief were used to calculate the following parameters of high-mountain dammed glacial lakes: area, depth, the water volume, excess of the dam above the water level. It is important for estimation of the water volume that can be dangerous for a break-through of a dammed lake. Formulas deduced to calculate the depth and volume of a lake for several sections of its area were tested and proposed. It is demonstrated that the regression equation V = Hmax × F, where Hmax is maximum depth of the lake, can be used as the parameterization of the formula «lake volume V equals the product of the area F on average depth D». More precise values of the coefficients a and b in the formula V = aFb were also obtained. Parameters and the water volumes of lakes were estimated for the river Gunt (right tributary of Pyanj River) basin. According to [28], there are 428 high-mountain lakes in this region with their total area ≥ 2500 m2. For basin Inflow of melted snow and glacier water caused by the rise of mean summer air temperatures in 1931–2015 was estimated for the lake Rivankul basin (the Pamir Mountains).
43
Yudin, S. I. "To the creation of the exhibition of Altai flora in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden". Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, n. 137 (31 dicembre 2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-84-93.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The preconditions for creating an exposition on the botanical and geographical site "Altai" of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of the KSC RAS, represented by cenotic elements characteristic of the forests of the Altai mountains: dark-coniferous, light-coniferous and black taiga. Such expositions in botanical gardens are one of the forms of preserving the biodiversity of introduced plants ex situ. The condition, structure, species composition of the created plantings for this period - the completion of the first stage of work ("Creating a tree tier") is described. Preliminary results of plant introduction the main tree species ( Abies sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill ., Populus tremula L.) forests of the Altai mountains. The condition of coniferous plants is characterized as normal: they show climate and soil resilience, have a natural rhythm of development here, go through all stages and phases of ontomorphogenesis. A comparative analysis of the rhythms of seasonal development of plants of herbaceous species characteristic of the most contrasting ecotypes of the Altai mountains (foothill and high-mountain) showed that the conditions of the Northern taiga of the Khibiny mountains of the Kola Peninsula are more consistent with plants of high-altitude habitats (high-mountain ecotype). Features of growth and development of plants of Altai species ex situ indicate successful adaptation of most of these species to the conditions of the Kola Arctic.
44
Yudin, S. I. "To the creation of the exhibition of Altai flora in the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden". Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, n. 137 (31 dicembre 2020): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2020-137-84-93.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The preconditions for creating an exposition on the botanical and geographical site "Altai" of the Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden of the KSC RAS, represented by cenotic elements characteristic of the forests of the Altai mountains: dark-coniferous, light-coniferous and black taiga. Such expositions in botanical gardens are one of the forms of preserving the biodiversity of introduced plants ex situ. The condition, structure, species composition of the created plantings for this period - the completion of the first stage of work ("Creating a tree tier") is described. Preliminary results of plant introduction the main tree species ( Abies sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, Pinus sylvestris L., Tilia cordata Mill ., Populus tremula L.) forests of the Altai mountains. The condition of coniferous plants is characterized as normal: they show climate and soil resilience, have a natural rhythm of development here, go through all stages and phases of ontomorphogenesis. A comparative analysis of the rhythms of seasonal development of plants of herbaceous species characteristic of the most contrasting ecotypes of the Altai mountains (foothill and high-mountain) showed that the conditions of the Northern taiga of the Khibiny mountains of the Kola Peninsula are more consistent with plants of high-altitude habitats (high-mountain ecotype). Features of growth and development of plants of Altai species ex situ indicate successful adaptation of most of these species to the conditions of the Kola Arctic.
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Danci, Oana. "Considerations Regarding Alpine Rivers And Their Ligneous Vegetation With Myricaria germanica In The Maramureş Mountains Nature Park (Romania)". Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The habitat 3230 Mountain rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica was not listed in the standard form based on which the Natura 2000 site ROSCI0124 Maramureș Mountains was declared. The aim of this study is to offer some new information regarding the structure, distribution and ecology of the Natura 2000 habitat 3230 Mountain rivers and their ligneous vegetation with Myricaria germanica in Maramureș Mountains Nature Park. The ecological importance of habitat 3230 results from the capacity of Myricaria germanica to colonize new deposits of gravels and set up new biocoenoses, this ability being possible only in the case of natural morphodynamics of the mountain streams, not influenced by human activities.
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Tronstad, Lusha, Scott Hotaling, J. Giersch, Debra Finn, Oliver Wilmot e Mark Anderson. "Characterizing Biodiversity of Alpine Streams in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 38 (1 gennaio 2015): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2015.4103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The highest rate of climate change is occurring in alpine areas above permanent treeline. The Teton Mountains in northwestern Wyoming are one of these ecosystem and little work has been done on alpine streams in the area. We sampled 6 streams in the Teton Mountains in 2015 at both upper and lower sites. We measured environmental variables (e.g., glacierality index, basic water quality, and temperature), aquatic invertebrate assemblages and microbial diversity. The water sources for sampled streams were glacier-fed, snowmelt and icy-seep. Aquatic invertebrate density (116-11,523 ind/m2) and biomass (31-21,704 mg/m2) varied greatly among streams. Snowmelt streams had the highest biomass of invertebrates, but the density and richness did not differ among stream types. Micrbial diversity in groundwater-fed springs harbored higher diversity than glacier-fed streams. The discovery of an icy-seep stream type lead us to sample rock glacier in the Teton Mountains during 2016. We hope to continue to sample alpine streams in the Teton Mountains to understand how climate change will alter streams of different types.
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Lencinas, María Vanessa, Rosina Soler, Juan Manuel Cellini, Héctor Bahamonde, Magalí Pérez Flores, Lucas Monelos, Guillermo José Martínez Pastur e Pablo Luis Peri. "Variation in Alpine Plant Diversity and Soil Temperatures in Two Mountain Landscapes of South Patagonia". Diversity 13, n. 7 (8 luglio 2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070310.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alpine environments and their temporal changes are rarely studied at high latitudes in the southern hemisphere. We analyzed alpine plants, soil temperatures, and growing-season length in mountains of two landscapes of South Patagonia (46° to 56° SL): three summits (814–1085 m a.s.l) surrounded by foothill grasslands in Santa Cruz province (SC), and four summits (634–864 m a.s.l.) in sub-Antarctic forests of Tierra del Fuego province (TF). Sampling followed the protocolized methodology of the Global Observational Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA). Factors were topography (elevation and cardinal aspect) and time (baseline vs. re-sampling for plants, five annual periods for temperatures), assessed by univariate and multivariate tests. Plant composition reflected the lowland surrounding landscapes, with only 9 mountain species on 52 totals in SC and 3 on 30 in TF. Richness was higher in re-sampling than baseline, being assemblages more influenced by aspect than elevation. Mean annual soil temperature and growing-season length, which varied with topography, were related to the Multivariate El Niño Southern Oscillation Index (MEI) but did not show clear warming trends over time. We highlight the importance of long-term studies in mountainous regions of extreme southern latitudes, where factors other than warming (e.g., extreme climate events) explain variations.
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ȘUTEU, Dana, Ioan BĂCILĂ, Adrian-Ilie STOICA, Zoltan R. BALÁZS, Mihai PUȘCAȘ e Gheorghe COLDEA. "Phylogeographic pattern of the high-alpine plant species Eritrichium nanum (Boraginaceae) within the Carpathians". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2023): 12971. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha51112971.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Carpathians represent not only a European hotspot of plant diversity for both species richness and endemism, but also an important stepping-stone area in historical migrations between the flora of the Asian and European mountain systems and a starting point of postglacial recolonizations for many species. Yet, until recent years, phylogeographical studies for alpine or arctic-alpine plants were focused on the Alps, whereas peripheral mountain ranges, including the Carpathians, were either neglected or insufficiently sampled. In this study, we aimed to complement the Alpine phylogeographic structure of an emblematic high-alpine European endemic taxon, Eritrichium nanum, by focusing on the Carpathian range of the species. We sampled nine populations from the South-Eastern Carpathians and performed ITS1 sequencing and AFLP fingerprinting. In case of ITS1 region, all the populations, no matter of their geographic origin, presented the same ribotype. The AFLP analysis indicated that, within the Carpathians, the extant populations of E. nanum comprised two major allopatric lineages. One important result of the research was the discovery that the species’ sole important genetic break was located in the Southern Carpathians, separating populations of the Retezat Mountains from all the others in the Carpathians.
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Zhao, Ting, Hongying Bai, Hongzhu Han, Zhijie Ta, Peilin Li e Pengtao Wang. "A Quantitatively Divided Approach for the Vertical Belt of Vegetation Based on NDVI and DEM—An Analysis of Taibai Mountain". Forests 14, n. 10 (30 settembre 2023): 1981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14101981.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vertical vegetation differentiation is the most important form of spatial pattern in mountainous areas. It is of great significance to accurately divide vegetation into vertical zones for the study of mountain ecosystems and ecological protection. In order to accurately divide the vertical zone of mountain vegetation and determine the spatial distribution of mountain vegetation, the relationship between the vegetation index of various vegetation types and altitude was examined using remote sensing and geographic information technology. Taking Taibai Mountain, the main peak of the Qinling Mountains in China, as the study area, based on the difference in NDVI between summer and autumn (DNSA), this work constructed a DEM-NDVI scatter plot and quantified the boundary of the vertical zone by the half-peak width calculation method. The findings showed that: (1) the vertical distribution pattern of mountain vegetation may very well be reflected in the scatterplot that NDSA and DEM created; (2) Six vertical belts could be accurately identified to the meter level on Taibai Mountain’s south slope. Up to the altitude, the oak forest zone from the bottom of the mountain to the elevation of 1919 m, the pine-oak mixed forest zone is distributed in 1919–2331 m, the birch forest is distributed in 2115–2585 m, the fir forest is distributed in 2516–3150 m, the redwood forest is distributed in 3109–3551 m, and the alpine scrub meadow is distributed in 3551 m to the peak. On the north slope, 1053–2087 m above sea level is oak forest, 2087–2693 is birch forest, 2562–3006 is fir forest, 2987–3513 m is redwood forest, and 3513 to the top of the mountain is alpine scrub meadow; and (3) the distribution pattern of the vegetation vertical belt on the DEM-NDVI scatter plot was essentially compatible with the vegetation classification results derived from remote sensing images. The DEM-NDVI scatter plot can reflect the average distribution of vegetation population and can more accurately express the characteristics of vegetation vertical zone changes with altitude.
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Wang, Lei, Wen J. Wang, Zhengfang Wu, Haibo Du, Shengwei Zong e Shuang Ma. "Potential Distribution Shifts of Plant Species under Climate Change in Changbai Mountains, China". Forests 10, n. 6 (11 giugno 2019): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060498.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Shifts in alpine tundra plant species have important consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, recent research on upward species shifts have focused mainly on polar and high-latitude regions and it therefore remains unclear whether such vegetation change trends also are applicable to the alpine tundra at the southern edges of alpine tundra species distribution. This study evaluated an alpine tundra region within the Changbai Mountains, China, that is part of the southernmost alpine tundra in eastern Eurasia. We investigated plant species shifts in alpine tundra within the Changbai Mountains over the last three decades (1984–2015) by comparing contemporary survey results with historical ones and evaluated potential changes in the distribution of dwarf shrub and herbaceous species over the next three decades (2016–2045) using a combination of observations and simulations. The results of this study revealed that the encroachment of herbaceous plants had altered tundra vegetation to a significant extent over the last three decades, especially within low and middle alpine tundra regions in Changbai Mountains, China. The herbaceous species would continue shifting upward and expanding while their dwarf shrub counterparts would continue shifting upward and shrinking over the next three decades under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. The upward shifts of plant species would not keep up with the rate of climate warming under the RCP 8.5 scenarios. The dominant plant tundra species may transform from dwarf shrubs to herbaceous varieties. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for biodiversity protection under climate change and a reference data set for additional research on alpine vegetation dynamics.