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1
Shen, Jiun J. "Collectivistic coping, allocentrism, and stress". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10252514.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although numerous studies have identified the buffering effects of different coping strategies in stress and health research, few studies have considered the influence of cultural factors such as allocentrism (degree of collectivism). The present study examined whether the collectivistic coping strategies of support (support from racially similar others, support from experienced others, support from family) and avoidance (forbearance, fatalism) were associated with perceived and physiological stress levels, and whether allocentrism influenced this relationship, among a sample of low-income mothers. Results showed that higher use of support from family and lower use of avoidance coping were associated with lower levels of perceived stress and lower morning cortisol. Among women high in allocentrism, those who used support from experienced others had lower levels of perceived stress. These results contribute to our understanding of the role of culture in stress-coping research and how culture influences our physiological stress reactions.
2
Iliste, Adrian. "The personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-143885.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sambandet mellan kultur och personlighet har studerats i stor utsträckning och tidigare forskning har visat på en koppling mellan kulturdimensionen individualism-kollektivism och personlighetsdimensionen idiocentrism-allocentrism. Den föreliggande studien undersöker förhållandet mellan individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism bland internationella studenter i Sverige. 215 internationella studenter (M = 23 år, åldersintervall 19-44, 120 kvinnor, 94 män, 1 annat) gavs definitioner av individualistiska och kollektivistiska kulturer och ombads att bedöma sin ursprungskultur. De uppmanades sedan att uppskatta sig själva utifrån 22 frågor avsedda att mäta idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen uppmanades de att ange sitt huvudskäl till att studera utomlands genom att välja ett av sju alternativ i en flervalsfråga. Data analyserades med one-way ANOVA's och oberoende t-tester. Resultaten visade på ett samband mellan kulturell bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism i den förväntade riktningen. Vidare demonstrerade resultaten inte en koppling mellan geografisk bakgrund och idiocentrism-allocentrism. Slutligen visade resultaten varken en koppling mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och idiocentrism-allocentrism, eller mellan huvudorsaken till utlandsstudier och kulturell bakgrund. Av dessa resultat drogs slutsatsen att när det gäller individualism-kollektivism och idiocentrism-allocentrism så påverkar kultur personlighet. Resultaten tyder vidare på att det kanske inte är lämpligt att likställa geografiska enheter som nationer med kultur, då subkulturell mångfald kan påträffas inom dessa enheter. Slutligen tyder resultaten på att internationella studenter skiljer sig åt för gällande skäl till utlandsstudier oavsett personlighet och kulturell bakgrund, även om vidare forskning krävs gällande internationella studenters motivation.The association between culture and personality has been widely studied and previous research has shown an association between the culture dimension of individualism-collectivism and the personality dimension of idiocentrism-allocentrism. The present study investigates the relationship between individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism among international students in Sweden. 215 international students (M = 23 years, age range 19-44, 120 women, 94 men, 1 other) were given definitions of individualist and collectivist cultures and asked to assess their culture of origin. They were then asked to rate themselves on 22 items intended to measure idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, they were asked to state their main reason for studying abroad by choosing one of seven options given in a multiple-choice item. One-way ANOVA's and independent t-tests were carried out for data analysis. The results showed an association between cultural background and idiocentrism-allocentrism in the expected direction. Further, the results did not demonstrate an association between geographical background and idiocentrism-allocentrism. Finally, the results did not demonstrate an association between main reason for studying abroad and idiocentrism-allocentrism, nor between main reason for studying abroad and cultural background. It was concluded that in the case of individualism-collectivism and idiocentrism-allocentrism, culture does influence personality. Further, the results suggest that it may not be appropriate to equate geographical entities such as nations with culture as cultural diversity may be found within such entities. Finally, the results indicate that international students differ in their reasons for studying abroad regardless of personality and cultural background, although further research regarding the motivation of international students is needed.
3
Li, Feng Edward Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "A cross-cultural study of Australian and Chinese university academics?? work motivation". Publisher:University of New South Wales. Education, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/42794.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined university academics?? valence for teaching and research, and the relationships between the valence and self-efficacy for teaching and research, with an Australian and a Chinese sample. In addition, the study also investigated modelling of research activity and Chinese university academics?? attributions, experience of western research activities, and ingroup and outgroup relationships between models and observers. Design and conduct of the research was guided by a theoretical framework. Several hypotheses were generated and tested, and research questions were answered. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews were used in this study. The quantitative analysis comprised exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, and content analysis was used for free responses in the surveys and the interview data from the sample of Chinese academics. Within the context of the research, the results suggested that valence for academic work may be related to university academics?? cultural orientation and their self-efficacy for academic work. The study also suggested that observing modelling by others may have been related to the Chinese university academics?? self-efficacy for research. Effects of modelling and the Chinese academics?? attributions for models?? success in research appeared to be moderated by ingroup and outgroup relationships between the models and observers. Moreover, overseas experience was found to be the most important external attribution for Chinese models?? success in research.
4
Vieira, Mariluce Poerschke. "Nível de satisfação com a vida de atletas segundo sexo, perfil psicológico de gênero e status social subjetivo nas modalidades esportivas". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/321.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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O presente estudo teve como principal intuito avaliar uma possível associação entre o nível de satisfação com a vida de atletas catarinenses do sexo masculino e feminino, com a satisfação pelo esporte, o status social subjetivo, os esquemas de gênero do autoconceito e o perfil idiocêntrico-alocêntrico nas modalidades esportivas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa não probabilística, descritiva, exploratória, quali-quantitativa com delineamento transversal. Participaram deste estudo 529 atletas catarinenses distribuídos em 10 modalidades individuais e 04 coletivas, sendo 307 do sexo masculino com média de idade de 21,51 anos e 222 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 20,37 anos. Como instrumentos foram utilizados questionários, com informações sobre as situações sociodemográficas, econômicas e esportivas dos atletas, incluindo o nível de satisfação com a vida e satisfação com o esporte. A Escala MacArthur de Status Social Subjetivo versão para jovens, o Inventário Masculino dos Esquemas de Gênero do Autoconceito Masculino e Feminino (IMEGA e IFEGA) e, por último, o Perfil Idiocêntrico-Alocêntrico foram aplicados. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises descritivas, freqüência absoluta e relativa, média e desvio padrão. Além dessas, foram utilizados o teste U de Mann-Whitney e o Quiquadrado, com um nível de significância de 5% para todas as análises. Os resultados apontam que, tanto nas modalidades individuais, como nas coletivas, a maioria dos atletas catarinenses apresentou um nível alto de satisfação com a vida e com o esporte que praticam, em especial, os atletas do sexo masculino. Em ambas as modalidades, percebem suas famílias com um status elevado perante a comunidade, percebem-se com um status médio no clube, mas gostariam de estar em um status mais elevado na equipe. Além disso, há uma predominância do perfil isoesquemático, principalmente no sexo masculino, tanto nas modalidades individuais como nas coletivas. E, no que diz respeito ao perfil idiocêntrico-alocêntrico, nas modalidades individuais há um predomínio do perfil heteroalocêntrico em ambos os sexos, mas nas modalidades coletivas, há uma predominância maior do perfil isocêntrico no sexo masculino e do heteroalocêntrico no sexo feminino. Por fim, os resultados mostram que, o nível de satisfação com a vida está associado com: o nível de satisfação com o esporte, o status social subjetivo na família e o perfil idiocêntrico-alocêntrico. Diante disso conclui-se que, embora haja uma predominância de determinados perfis, não é possível definir um perfil ideal para os atletas. A partir destes resultados, sugerem-se novos estudos com esta temática para uma melhor compreensão das variáveis, as quais podem auxiliar os técnicos, psicólogos e dirigentes das equipes na busca de um melhor rendimento do atleta como um todo em termos físico, técnico, tático e psicológico.
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Nilsson, Jonna. "Allocentric memory and hippocampal function". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1864.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Approximately one-third of trauma patients are coagulopathic on arrival to the emergency department. Acute traumatic coagulopathy and systemic inflammatory responses are serious secondary consequences of severe trauma and are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. Early tissue hypoxia is a major component in the aetiology of both complications. New resuscitation strategies are aimed at improving tissue oxygenation in the pre-hospital phase, and may attenuate coagulopathy and inflammatory sequelae. This is of particular importance in military personnel who suffer complex injuries, often from blast exposure, and may have extended evacuation times. This thesis evaluates the effect of a novel hybrid (NH) resuscitation strategy on coagulation and inflammation. Terminally anaesthetised pigs were randomised to one of two injury strands of haemorrhage +/- blast injury; initially resuscitated with 0.9% Saline to a hypotensive systolic blood pressure of 80mmHg for one hour. This was followed by either a return to a normotensive pressure (110mmHg) (NH) or a continuation at the hypotensive level. Over both injury strands NH significantly reduced Prothrombin Time, PT (mean proportion of baseline: 1.40±0.05 vs. 1.80±0.09; p=0.001) and interleukin-6 (IL6) levels (mean 1106±153 vs. 429±79 pg/ml; p=0.001) compared to the hypotensive groups. PT was positively correlated with IL6 (p=0.002) and base deficit (p=0.0004). These findings indicate that improving tissue oxygenation reduces the coagulation derangement and the pro-inflammatory response. No difference in coagulopathy was found between injury strands although blast did cause greater inflammation. Early identification of coagulopathic casualties is essential and a separate feasibility field study was preformed to assess the use of thromboelastometry in a deployed military hospital, evaluating the degree of coagulopathy in battlefield casualties and to monitor the coagulation status during the resuscitation process. In conclusion, NH attenuated the acute traumatic coagulopathy and inflammatory responses and therefore should be considered when an extended casualty evacuation is enforced.
6
Smith, Kirsten V. "Post-traumatic stress disorder and allocentric spatial memory". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604302.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A recent Dual Representation Model of intrusive memory proposes that intrusions reflect involuntary reactivation of egocentric/hippocampally dependent representations in the absence of a corresponding allocentric/hippocampally independent representation (Brewin, Gergory, Lipton, & Burgess, 20 I 0). We investigated allocentric processing, following trauma, and examined whether PTSD sufferers have impaired performance indicative of reduced hippocampal functioning. Trauma-exposed individuals with (N=29) and without a diagnosis of PTSD (N=29) completed two tests of allocentric spatial processing. The first, a topographical recognition task comprising perception and memory components. The second, a virtual environment in which objects are presented and recognition memory is tested from either the same viewpoint as presentation (tapping egocentric memory) or a different viewpoint (tapping alloeentric memory). Participants in the PTSD group performed significantly worse on both tests of allocentric spatial processing than trauma-exposed controls. Groups performed comparably on egocentric memory and a non-spatial memory task of object list learning. These results show an unambiguous impairment in hippocampally dependent cognitive processes. As predicted by the Dual Representation Theory-Revised those with PTSD display impaired allocentric processing indicative of reduced hippocampal function . The clinical and research implications of this result will be discussed.
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Ta, Huynh Duy Nguyen. "The roles of allocentric representations in autonomous local navigation". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, I study the computational advantages of the allocentric represen- tation as compared to the egocentric representation for autonomous local navigation. Whereas in the allocentric framework, all variables of interest are represented with respect to a coordinate frame attached to an object in the scene, in the egocentric one, they are always represented with respect to the robot frame at each time step.
In contrast with well-known results in the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping literature, I show that the amounts of nonlinearity of these two representations, where poses are elements of Lie-group manifolds, do not affect the accuracy of Gaussian- based filtering methods for perception at both the feature level and the object level. Furthermore, although these two representations are equivalent at the object level, the allocentric filtering framework is better than the egocentric one at the feature level due to its advantages in the marginalization process. Moreover, I show that the object- centric perspective, inspired by the allocentric representation, enables novel linear- time filtering algorithms, which significantly outperform state-of-the-art feature-based filtering methods with a small trade-off in accuracy due to a low-rank approximation. Finally, I show that the allocentric representation is also better than the egocentric representation in Model Predictive Control for local trajectory planning and obstacle avoidance tasks.
8
McMullen, Katrina. "The neural correlates of allocentric spatial memory in schizotypy". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-neural-correlates-of-allocentric-spatial-memory-in-schizotypy(ca905044-0748-42e1-a322-8cf74504ea01).html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, allocentric spatial memory was investigated in healthy volunteers with average and high levels of schizotypal traits assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Functional and structural MRI was used to investigate the neural correlates of allocentric spatial memory in schizotypal personality. Allocentric spatial memory is reported to be impaired in schizophrenia and this is thought to be related to alterations in hippocampal function and structure. Previous literature suggests individuals with schizotypal personality traits have a similar cognitive and neural profile to schizophrenia spectrum disorders for example reduced hippocampal volumes and compromised cognition. It was therefore hypothesised that high schizotypy would be associated with worse performance on these tasks and a different pattern of functional activation in the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus compared to controls. No behavioural differences were observed on the cognitive measures in this thesis. Investigation of brain function revealed decreased volume of the right hippocampus and bilateral medial frontal gyrus and increased volume of the posterior cingulate, superior temporal gyrus and anterior prefrontal cortex, in line with previous literature. Functional MRI revealed decreased activation of the right hippocampus during memory encoding and increased activation of the hippocampus bilaterally during memory retrieval in high schizotypy compared to controls. Memory retrieval was also associated with increased activation of the anterior cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and insular cortex in this group. Further, activation of the right hippocampus is related to better performance across allocentric spatial memory tasks in controls but this relationship is absent in high schizotypy.
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Maisonneuve, Christelle. "Allocentrisme et idiocentrisme, une perspective différencialiste vers une perspective psychosociale : une approche empirique". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CLF20001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Notre objectif est de confronter une perspective différentielle à une perspective psychosociale. C'est de l'intérêt pour la psychologie culturelle comparative qu'a émergé un tel questionnement. Le constat auquel l'examen de cette littérature permet d'aboutir est que les auteurs concluent plus souvent à des différences qu'à des similitudes (Ongel et Smith, 1994) entre cultures. L'ethnocentrisme, inhérent à ces recherche, est souvent évoqué comme la cause principale de l'échec à identifier les universaux du fonctionnement humain (Jahoda, 1979, Malpass, 1988). Dans ce travail, nous défendons que c'est aussi parce qu'elle néglige le facteur social comme potentiellement explicatif, que la CCP constate des différences. Nous avons appuyé notre argument sur de récentes recherches, mettant en évidence que considérer l'individualisme et le collectivisme, au niveau culturel (Sinha et Tripathi, 1994), ou l'allocentrisme et l'idiocentrisme, au niveau individuel (Sengelis, 1994), comme potentiellement coexistants, suggère de ne pas négliger le facteur social comme explicatif. En effet, considérer que les 2 traits de personnalité (allocentrisme et idiocentrisme) coexistent au sein de tous les individus implique les comportements qui sont associés à chacun d'eux, peuvent s'exprimer au sein de tous les individus, selon les situations et les contextes sociaux. Dans la 2e partie, nous avons repris l'expérience de Tesser et Smith (1980). Notre but était de montrer que, dans un contexte culturel maintenu constant, des différences interindividuelles subsistaient. Ensuite notre objectif était de savoir si les différences observées pouvaient être expliquées uniquement par les dispositions ou si le contexte social contribuait aussi à expliquer une part de variance observée. Sur les 5 études effectuées, certines permettent de conclure en faveur d'une hypothèse bidimensionnelle, qui implique une perspective explicative -essentiellement psychosociale. Cependant, d'autres abondent dans le sens d'une perspective différentielle. Nos résultats s'ils ne permettent pas de proposer une conclusion radicale en faveur de l'une ou l'autre des 2 perspectives, suggèrent la nécessité d'une étude globale et non dichotomique des individus et des cultures
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SERINO, SILVIA. "SPAZIO INTERNO ED ESTERNO: IL RUOLO DEI SISTEMI DI RIFERIMENTO SPAZIALI EGOCENTRICO E ALLOCENTRICO NELLA COGNIZIONE UMANA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6214.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La domanda "Che cos’è lo spazio?" è sempre stata un tema centrale per la filosofia, ed è diventata di interesse anche per la psicologia cognitiva e per le neuroscienze, con una domanda cruciale strettamente legata: "Dove sono io?". Lo sforzo per collegare le risposte a queste due domande mira proprio a comprendere la complessa relazione che esiste tra lo spazio interno ed esterno, che è l'obiettivo finale di questo lavoro. L'idea è che la nostra posizione nel mondo influenzi fortemente il modo in cui codifichiamo, archiviamo e recuperiamo dalla memoria un layout spaziale. Inoltre, questo layout spaziale serve da impalcatura che vincola tutte le informazioni relative al nostro passato, presente e futuro, e tutte le esperienze legate al nostro corpo. All’interno di un approccio enattivo, si suggerisce una sincronizzazione continua (cioè, il “mental frame syncing") tra una rappresentazione allocentrica indipendente dal punto di vista allocentrica (i.e. che include solo relazioni oggetto-oggetto astratte) e una rappresentazione allocentrica dipendente dal punto di vista (i.e. che include informazioni sulla nostra direzione egocentrica attuale) possa permettere di posizionare il corpo nello “spazio memorizzato” rendendo più semplice la traduzione di questo in un “lived space” di cui si necessita per navigare, per ricordare il passato e per sentire il corpo. Sulla base di queste premesse teoriche, quattro studi sperimentali saranno presentati per studiare il ruolo del mental frame syncing come un principio di allineamento centrato sull’osservatore nei processi di codifica e di recupero delle informazioni.The question "What is space?" has always been a central topic for philosophy, and a closely linked crucial question becomes of interest for cognitive psychology and neuroscience, that is "Where am I?" The efforts to answer these two questions are means to better understanding of the complex relation between the outer and the inner space, which is the final goal of this work. The idea is that that our bodily position in the world strongly affects the way in which we encode, store and retrieve a spatial layout. Moreover, this spatial layout serves as a scaffold, binding all the information of our past, present, future and body-related experiences. Within an enactive approach, it is suggested that this continuous synchronization (namely, the “mental frame syncing”) of an allocentric viewpoint-independent representation (i.e. including only abstract object-to-object relations) and an allocentric viewpoint-dependent representation (i.e. comprising information about our current heading) may permit to place current bodily position in the “memorized space" making easy the translation of it into a “lived space” that it is needed to navigate, remember the past and feel the body. On these theoretical premises, four experimental studies will be presented to investigate the role of mental frame syncing as an alignment principle centred on observer the processes of encoding and retrieval of information
11
Desrocher, Mary Ellen. "Dissociations of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory, evidence from aging". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/NQ35144.pdf.
Testo completo
12
Crowther, Helen Lorraine. "The relation between crawling and allocentric spatial coding in infants". Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393548.
Testo completo
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Alavi, Seyyed Babak Education Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "A multilevel study of collective efficacy, self-mental models, and collective cognition in university student group activities". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main goal of this study was to identify some determinants of collective efficacy in small groups. A multilevel approach was used to posit hypotheses and research questions relating individual and shared beliefs of collective efficacy to collective cognition activities, task interdependence, self-efficacy for group work, and collective orientation. A two-phase longitudinal design was employed. The sample comprised 270 university students, enrolled in seven courses and involved in 86 work groups in both phases of the study. All groups were required to perform interdependent academic tasks. The results of multiple regression analysis of aggregated variables provided some evidence that the more group members perceived themselves to be interdependent in the early stages of group work and assigned their tasks interdependently during group processes, the more likely they developed high collective efficacy in the final stages of group work. Collective efficacy was also related to the group average of self-efficacy for group work when task interdependence was high. Multilevel analysis was also used. These results showed that variation at the individual level was considerable, and there was significant but relatively little variation at the group level, with small effect sizes, for a few variables including collective efficacy. Structural equation modelling was used to confirm the theoretical framework at the individual level after accounting for group level variation. The results suggested that integration and constructive evaluation of ideas during group processes and self-efficacy for group work may have been determinants of collective efficacy at the individual level. Moreover, collective efficacy at the individual level was related to an interdependent perception of self in relation to other group members. The results suggest that helping group members learn how to evaluate and integrate each other???s ideas during group activities, and perceive themselves to be interdependent may enhance group capabilities for performing tasks. In addition, improving students??? self-efficacy for group work was identified as a key factor, as it may enhance a sense of interdependence among group members, improve the extent to which group members participate in integrating and evaluating ideas, and increase the whole group???s capabilities for performing tasks.
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Parslow, David M. "An investigation into the neural correlates of egocentric and allocentric spatial memory". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404317.
Testo completo
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Upshaw, Jennifer. "Allocentric vs. egocentric neglect in stroke patients : the impact on functional outcomes". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59112.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: Few studies have investigated the assessment, frequency, and functional impact of egocentric and allocentric neglect among stroke patients. This study aimed to determine a) whether allocentric and egocentric neglect could be dissociated among a sample of stroke patients using eye-tracking technology, b) the frequencies of each neglect subtype and c) the nature of the relationship between neglect subtype and functional outcome. Method: Sixteen acute stroke patients were administered comprehensive neuropsychological (NP) assessment batteries, a pencil-and-paper Apples Test, and an eye-tracking measure of neglect subtype. Descriptive analyses were conducted on Apples Test and eye-tracking scores to determine their sensitivities in detecting neglect subtype. Hierarchical regression was used to determine predictive utility of the eye-tracking measure above that of both NP test performance and Apples Test neglect scores. ANOVA was used to investigate the relationships between neglect subtype and functional outcome. Results: The eye-tracking measure was more sensitive in identifying neglect subtype in patients than the traditional pen and paper Apples Test. Classification of neglect subtype based on eye-tracking performance was a significant predictor of functional outcome beyond that accounted for by both NP test performance and traditional Apples Test neglect classification. Patients with no neglect symptoms had superior functional outcomes compared to patients with either or both types of neglect. Patients with both types of neglect had significantly poorer functional outcomes than those with either subtype, or no neglect. Functional outcomes of patients with either allocentric or egocentric neglect did not differ significantly from each other. Conclusion: Neglect subtype classification contributes independently to the prediction of functional status above and beyond that of neuropsychological test performance, and is a better predictor of function than traditional measures of allocentric and egocentric neglect. The significant relationship between neglect subtype and functional outcome highlights the importance of sensitive assessment and identification of neglect subtype amongst stroke patients to better predict prognosis and inform improved rehabilitative treatment planning.Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences (Okanagan)
Psychology, Department of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Braun, Amanda Ann. "Comparison of the Role of Dopamine in Egocentric and Allocentric Learning, Two Subtypes of Navigation". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439281292.
Testo completo
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Plank, Markus. "Behavioral, Electrocortical and Neuroanatomical Correlates of Egocentric and Allocentric Reference Frames during Visual Path Integration". Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-102397.
Testo completo
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Cotton, Sarah. "Allocentric spatial memory following anterior temporal lobectomy: A comparison between active and sedentary epileptic adults". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8268.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The association between neural activity of the left hemisphere hippocampal region and verbal memory has been well established. Similarly, neuropsychological outcomes following left anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) have been well documented, with deficits in the ability to learn new verbally encoded material consistently displayed. However, the association between non-verbal memory and functioning of the right hemisphere hippocampal region and, consequently, neuropsychological outcomes following right ATL, remains an area of debate. Moreover, relatively new evidence suggests that physical activity could improve overall hippocampal function (McCloskey, 2003). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate spatial cognition in patients with intractable epilepsy and also to establish whether physical activity levels of these patients, i.e. active versus sedentary, had an effect on neuropsychological functioning. Spatial and verbal cognition were assessed in three groups: a pre-surgical (awaiting ATL) group, a post-surgical (following ATL) group and a healthy control group. Physical activity levels of all participants were established and left-sided damage and right-sided damage patient groups were divided into those with moderate-to-high activity levels and those with low activity levels. Results showed that on tests of spatial cognition, patients with right-sided damage tended to show more deficits than patients with left-sided damage when assessed using experimental tasks. However, no group differences were found when using standard clinical tests for assessment. On tests of verbal memory, patients with left-sided damage displayed more deficits than patients with right-sided damage. Patients with moderate-high activity levels performed better than patients with low activity levels on tests of spatial cognition, but both groups performed similarly on tests of verbal memory. The data therefore largely confirm the hypotheses. This is the first demonstration, within a single study, of spatial memory deficits using a virtual environment spatial navigation task in epileptic adults; and of an association between activity levels and improved spatial cognition on the CG Arena task in epileptic adults.
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Robinson, Carrie Helene. "Examination of the relationship of work values to the "Big-Five" personality traits and measures of individualism and collectivism". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1185569363.
Testo completo
20
Cen, Danlu. "Where we are tells us where we are going : the role of allocentric location cues in the visual guidance of walking". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/108087/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Does location information play any role in the visual guidance of walking towards a target? So far, the human walking literature has focused on two cues: optic flow (the pattern of motion at the eye) and the egocentric direction of the target. In stark contrast, in the related areas of animal navigation, the role of location information has been found to be particularly important. To address this gap, this thesis explored the role of allocentric location cues in visually guided walking. In a series of experiments, participants were asked to walk to a target wearing prisms or “virtual prism” which introduced an offset between their visual direction and walking direction. The salience of allocentric location cues was manipulated and the relative use of cues was evaluated by the curvature of the trajectories. Chapter 3 demonstrates the role of allocentric location cues. Trajectories were examined in four virtual environments with varying amount of optic flow and allocentric location cues. The pattern could not be explained by the richness of optic flow but is better captured by allocentric location cues. In addition, the pattern of heading judgements in the same environments was a poor predictor of the trajectories. Following this, Chapter 4 considers the impact of the target location on the walking trajectories. Chapter 5 uncovers a role of prior experience with the environment in the guidance of walking. The effect is robust when the availability of visual cues is limited in the environment. To further explore the use of prior knowledge, Chapter 6 aims to replicate an earlier study which has shown an effect of an allocentric representation on steering (Andersen & Enriquez, 2006). Taken together, the results in this thesis provide evidence for an important role of allocentric location cues and prior experience with the environment in the visual guidance of walking.
21
Gutierrez, Arnold. "The role of dopamine receptors in methamphetamine-induced cognitive deficits". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1521189209471948.
Testo completo
22
Brett, Frances Madeleine. "Effect of spatial visual cue proximity and thalamic lesions on performance of rats on a cheeseboard maze task". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5803.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Episodic memory is processed by the extended hippocampal system, and pathology or injury to individual components of this system can result in deficits in spatial learning and memory (Aggleton & Brown, 1999). Extensive research regarding spatial memory has been carried out on the anterior thalamic nuclei, a component of the extended hippocampal system, but the contribution of the laterodorsal thalamic nuclei, an adjacent structure with similar neural connections, is less clear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of selective anterior thalamic nuclei lesions (AT) with selective laterodorsal thalamic nuclei lesions (LD) in a novel land-based spatial reference memory task. This assessed the use of proximal and distal visual cues on the propensity to use allocentric or egocentric navigation strategies to locate a specific place in space, as well as the temporal evolution of these navigation strategies. AT lesion impairments were observed in the acquisition trials in both proximal and distal cue conditions. LD lesion rats were unimpaired in the acquisition trials in both visual cue conditions. Across the probe trials, lesion effects were not observed when tested for general navigation, egocentric or allocentric strategies, and there was no clear improvement in performance over the four weeks of probe trials. However, performance was consistently poorer for all groups when proximal cues facilitated navigation compared to distal cues. Performance differences related to cue proximity may reflect the influence of motion parallax, the perceived displacement rate of visual cues. The absence of lesion effects across probes were thought to be due to the preferential use of cued navigation, which was reliant on a single salient beacon, and the lack of integration between cued and place navigation, which was reliant on the formation of a spatial representation.
23
Beyer, Steven Phillip. "Examining the Impact of Race Matching and Cultural Worldview Matching On Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Schizophrenia". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1513168908905989.
Testo completo
24
Betbeder, Nadine. "Trace mnésique visuo-spatiale chez l’homme confronté au temps : naviguer ou trouver une stratégie de déplacement, consolider et se rappeler après un long délai". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13737/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La navigation et les modes de déplacement intéressent la communauté scientifique depuis maintenant près d'un demi siècle. Cependant, l’augmentation de l’incidence des troubles dégénératifs du système nerveux central chez l’homme rend plus prégnante la nécessité de compréhension de la navigation et de l’influence du temps sur celle-ci. S'il est connu chez l'homme comme chez le rongeur que l'avancée en âge affecte les capacités à se déplacer dans de vastes environnements, peu de données sont disponibles quant aux processus cognitifs impliqués dans ce type de comportement et leurs éventuelles modulations avec l'âge. La définition des stratégies utilisées, l’incidence respective des mécanismes allocentriques et égocentriques, la capacité de mise en œuvre d’une stratégie au moment demandé, lors d’un rappel à court ou à long délai, l’influence du temps qui passe sont autant de questions que nous avons abordées dans ce travail de thèse. Afin d’effectuer ces études, nous avons développé des tâches en environnements virtuels modélisés sur ordinateur et utilisé des tests neuropsychologiques nécessitant la mobilisation des compétences visuo-spatiales. Dans une première étude utilisant une épreuve de localisation spatiale, les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence chez les personnes âgées, une altération des aptitudes lors de la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie allocentrique, sans atteinte des performances égocentriques. La deuxième étude utilisant une version virtuelle du test de la piscine de Morris reconnu comme une tâche allocentrique chez le rongeur, conforte ces données. De façon similaire dans les deux études, les personnes âgées présentent une altération de la sélection et de l’exécution de la stratégie de déplacement qui s’avère optimale pour résoudre la tâche spatiale. Nous avons également mis en évidence une difficulté, chez ces mêmes participants, à utiliser une représentation mentale globale de l’espace, sans toutefois qu’il soit possible de distinguer si l’origine de cette difficulté vient d’une altération de la formation ou de la récupération de cette « carte cognitive ». Le temps pourrait également jouer son rôle de par le délai entre l'acquisition d'une information spatiale et le moment où il est nécessaire de l’utiliser à nouveau. En étudiant l’effet du délai sur la trace mnésique spatiale, nous avons observé que les sujets jeunes utilisant de façon prédominante une stratégie allocentrique voyaient leurs performances diminuer lors d’un rappel après quatre semaines alors que celles des sujets âgés restaient inchangées. Ceci soulève bien entendu la question de la différence d’encodage des informations entre les sujets jeunes et âgés, avec un versant plus détaillé chez les sujets jeunes, mais surtout s’intègre au sein du débat actuel sur l’existence d’une modification de la trace mnésique qui pourrait selon la théorie des traces multiples de la consolidation, évoluer vers un souvenir plus schématisé avec le délai. Les résultats d’une dernière étude dans laquelle nous manipulons le contexte environnemental de la piscine virtuelle de Morris, amène des arguments en faveur d’une « schématisation » du souvenir au cours de la consolidation, en mettant en évidence une absence de discrimination par les participants, d’un changement des repères spatiaux lors d’un rappel de l’information après six semaines de délai. Toutes ces données sont discutées dans le cadre du débat actuel de la consolidation, notamment sur la contribution de l’hippocampe dans le stockage et le rappel des informations anciennes. A la lumière de nos données, nous proposons une vue intégrative du fonctionnement de l’interface hippocampo-corticale lors des rappels après un court et long délai, en fonction de l’âgeWhile the detrimental effects of human aging on cognitive functions are well documented, how normal aging affects spatial memory processing and the organization of recent and long-term memories remains unclear. What are the cognitive strategies used when confronted to spatial navigation in large environments? How are the selection and use of these strategies affected by aging? How are recent and long-term remote memories organized as a function of aging during systems-level consolidation? These are the questions we sought to address during the course of this Ph.D. thesis by developing a series of virtual environments aimed at assessing spatial navigation and memory performance in young adults and aged participants. In a first series of experiments, participants were tested for object location memory in a virtual environment (a medieval castle) that enabled shifts in spatial viewpoints between study and test. Aged participants exhibited poor performance relative to young adults only in the shifted view conditions, thus providing strong evidence for a decline in allocentric, but not egocentric, spatial memory. In contrast to young adults, aged participants exhibited difficulties in processing efficiently distal cues of the environment and were less prone to adopt allocentric strategies. Manipulations of the spatial layout of the environment led us to the conclusion that aging seems to preferentially interfere with the capacity to form or use mental representations built upon all pieces of the environmental features which typically, are never in full view in real world large-scale environments. In a second set of experiments, participants were tested in an ecologically-relevant virtual version of the Morris water maze which mimics that classically used in rodents. Aged participants performed more poorly compared to middle-aged and young adults and formed a more schematic spatial memory. They favoured a directional single cue-based strategy to locate the hidden platform contrasting with young adults who formed complex geometrical relationships between distal cues of the environment. A neuropsychological test battery confirmed that binding of unrelated items and abilities to mentally manipulate information were two processes involved in solving the water maze task. Thus, upon acquisition, aged participants had difficulties in forming experientially detailed cognitive maps and in binding unrelated features of the environment into a cohesive spatial memory, possibly indicative of altered hippocampal-frontal circuitry. We next proceeded to examine the organization of spatial memory as a function of time. Long-term memory assessed 4 weeks after acquisition revealed that performance decreased more rapidly in young adults compared to elderly participants, suggesting that the passage of time differentially affects the content of spatial memory, richly detailed spatial memories being more vulnerable to decay than schematic ones. This concept of memory transformation (i.e. memories are not stored in the cortex in their original form) was supported by findings of a last experiment in which we provide evidence that participants failed in detecting changes in the spatial layout of the pool as memories matured over time. All these findings are discussed in the context of the current debate about the concept of memory consolidation which opposes the standard model of memory consolidation to the multiple trace theory, two views which make different predictions about the contribution of the hippocampus to remote memory storage and retrieval. In light of our own findings, we attempt to propose an integrative view of the functioning of the hippocampal-cortical interface during recent and remote memory retrieval as a function of normal aging
25
Bécu, Marcia. "Impact of healthy aging on spatial cognition. Spatial navigation and gaze dynamics in ecological conditions". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS411.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ce travail de doctorat porte sur l'impact du vieillissement visuel et cognitif sur la che La nouveauté méthodologique réside dans l'utilisation d'environnements écologiques, qui permettent de tester la navigation dans des conditions naturelles et contrôlées. Nous avons montré une réorganisation spatiale liée à l'âge, où les représentations sont ancrées sur les indices objets chez les jeunes adultes et sur les indices géométriques chez les personnes âgées. L'enregistrement des mouvements du regard nous a permis d'identifier des signatures oculomotrices prédictives du codage spatial. Ces résultats remettent en cause l'opinion actuelle qui prône un déclin spécifique des stratégies allocentriques avec le vieillissement. Nous avons vérifié cette prédiction en montrant que les adultes âgés, comme les enfants, sont aussi efficaces que les jeunes adultes à utiliser des stratégies allocentriques, si les indices géométriques sont disponibles au moment de la décision spatiale. Ce travail souligne la nécessité d'enrichir le cadre allocentrique/égocentrique classiquement utilisé, en intégrant une dimension de traitement des repères spatiaux afin de mieux comprendre les effets du vieillissement. Ce cadre enrichi permet de développer des solutions innovantes visant à prévenir la perte d'autonomie induite par le vieillissement cognitifThis doctoral work investigates the behavioural consequences of visual and cognitive aging within a spatial cognition framework. The key novelty is the use of ecological environments, which allows to test navigation in natural, yet controlled conditions. We show an age-related spatial reorganization, in which mental representations are preferentially anchored on geometric cues in older adults and on landmarks in young adults. Recording of gaze and body dynamics allowed us to identify oculomotor signatures that were predictive of the spatial coding preference. These results challenge the current view that focuses on egocentric versus allocentric strategies in aging, and question whether it is a matter of availability of spatial cues rather than strategy per se. We verified this prediction by showing that older adults, similarly to children, are as efficient as young adults at using allocentric strategies, given that their preferred cue (i.e. geometry) is available at the time of navigation decision. This work highlights the need for enriching the allocentric/egocentric framework, classically used to interpret the impact of healthy aging on spatial cognition, by integrating the spatial cue processing dimension. This enriched framework may be useful to develop innovative solutions to prevent/counteract the autonomy loss induced by visuo-spatial cognitive aging
26
Gomez, Alice. "Rôle de la mise à jour égocentrée dans la mémoire épisodique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610837.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La mémoire épisodique lie différents éléments dans un contexte spatial et temporel particulier. Il a été proposé que lors de la récupération d‟un épisode, la ré-instanciation d‟une cohérence entre les éléments néocorticaux soit opérée grâce à une représentation spatiale allocentrée stockée au niveau de la structure hippocampique (i.e., codage de la position des objets entre eux, indépendamment de la position de l‟individu, Burgess, Becker, King, & O'Keefe, 2001; Nadel & Moscovitch, 1998). Ce travail de thèse propose de traiter la mémoire épisodique et le sentiment de projection dans son passé (i.e., conscience autonoétique) comme une qualité attribuée à une dextérité relative dans le traitement spatial égocentré mis à jour (i.e., la position, orientation et le déplacement de son corps dans l‟environnement). Le rôle des traitements spatiaux allocentrés et égocentrés mis à jour dans la mémoire épisodique a été évalué expérimentalement. Les résultats suggèrent l‟existence d‟un lien causal entre le traitement de la mise à jour égocentré et les performances de mémoire épisodique. De plus, les études ont mis en évidence l‟existence de spécificités cérébrales et comportementales de la mise à jour égocentrée confirmant l‟adéquation de ce traitement au modèle théorique proposé. Par ailleurs, en référence à cette dissociation entre l‟information égocentrée mis à jour et allocentrée, des études neuropsychologiques ont révélé la présence de déficits de la mise à jour égocentrée, et d‟une préservation allocentrée dans l‟amnésie bihippocampique qu‟elle soit acquise ou développementale. Enfin, l‟évaluation des conséquences cérébrales lors de la récupération épisodique d‟un encodage maximisant le traitement égocentré mis à jour a permis de révéler une implication spécifique des structures temporo-pariétales. Ce travail de thèse a été organisé autour d‟un modèle théorique original du fonctionnement de la mémoire épisodique proposant de nouvelles prédictions expérimentales. Les approches comportementale, neuropsychologique et en imagerie fonctionnelle soulèvent à leur tour de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur le lien entre conscience de son corps et mémoire épisodique.
27
Bourrelly, Aurore. "Influences égocentrées sur la perception de l'espace géocentré : objectivation au travers de l'estimation du franchissement d'obstacles hauts". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22046.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Percevoir son espace d’évolution est une activité déterminante dans l’élaboration des relations spatiales que nous tissons avec notre environnement. En neurosciences comportementales, l’étude de ces relations a généralement été abordée selon deux perspectives théoriques. L’une d’elle s’attache à décrire les relations au monde au travers des processus de perception directe impliquant notamment la notion d’affordances (i.e. de possibilités d’actions naturellement offertes par l’environnement) ; tandis que d’autres s’intéressent d’avantage aux aspects cognitifs de la perception avec la mise en place de processus de représentation spatiale. Cette dernière reflète notamment l’existence d’état(s) représenté(s) qu’il est possible de décrire à travers de la combinaison d’espaces stables appelés référentiels spatiaux. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse vise à mieux comprendre la contribution du référentiel égocentré (i.e. corporel) dans la perception de l’espace géocentré (i.e. gravitaire). La question a notamment été abordée autour de deux axes de recherche interrogeant d’une part (i) l’origine de l’influence égocentrée préalablement observée dans le noir sur la perception géocentrée, et d’autre part (ii) la présence du phénomène égocentré dans un contexte visuel plus enrichi suite à l’ajout d’un flux optique. Pour ce faire quatre études centrées autour d’un paradigme d’estimation des possibilités de franchissement d’obstacles hauts ont été réalisées. Pris dans leur ensemble, les résultats expérimentaux soulignent le caractère particulièrement puissant et complexe du phénomène égocentré corporel observé sur la perception de l’espace gravitaire. Ces résultats, discutés en termes d’interpénétrabilité entre référentiels spatiaux offrent un support d’étude intéressant sur la manière dont les référentiels sont utilisés dans les processus de représentation spatialePerceiving space is a relevant task in determining our relationships with the environment. In behavioral neuroscience, investigating this spatial relationship can classically be explored with two theoretical approaches. The first one uses direct perception to describe the spatial relationships, involving affordances (i.e. the action ability naturally offer by the environment). The other one investigates the cognitive aspect of perception implying the use of spatial representation process. The later one traduces the existence of represented states which can be described through the interaction of different stable states called spatial reference frames. The present work investigates the contribution of the egocentric reference frame (body-related) on the perception of the geocentric space (earth-based). This was questioned through two research lines, (i) the origin of egocentric influence previously observed in darkness upon geocentric perception, (ii) the existence of the egocentric phenomenon in an enriched visual scene. To answer these questions, four experiments were conducted where the paradigm of passing under high obstacles was used. Overall, these results stress the powerful and complex aspect of the egocentric phenomenon observed upon geocentric perception. This work, discussed in term of interpenetrability between reference frames, provide an interesting support on the way how spatial reference frames are used in perceiving space
28
Lee, Sharon. "Environmental and experiential determinants of human allocentric and egocentric navigation systems". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4317.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research program described in this dissertation updates the knowledge base concerning human navigation and presents new methods for investigating selection and use of cognitive navigational strategies. Four experiments were designed to answer questions about the effects of environmental and experiential factors on cognitive mapping and selection of navigation strategies. Humans are thought to navigate using two different reference frames often referred to as “world based” and “person based”. These reference frames correspond to two probable cognitive/memory systems respectively labelled “allocentric” for the formation and use of cognitive maps of the environment, and “egocentric” for navigation by stimulus response or guidance. Different navigational strategies are associated with the two systems. Allocentric strategies rely on the presence of a stable environmental structure containing a number of more distal, relational stimuli whereas egocentric strategies rely only on the presence of simple, local cues (cue-based egocentric) or on body movements (response-based egocentric). The experiments tested navigation behaviour and strategy selection using virtual environment analogues of an animal model, the Morris water maze. Adaptations included, 1) the Place maze biasing participants toward the use of an allocentric strategy, 2) the Cue maze (and Floor Cue maze) biasing participants toward the use of an egocentric strategy, and 3) the Dual-strategy maze that has no bias because participants can choose to utilize either an allocentric or egocentric strategy. Experiment 1 was a behavioural study testing 101 university students in the Place maze and Floor Cue maze, with and without the opportunity to explore the environment before testing. The experiment showed for the first time that exploration is necessary for allocentric but not for egocentric navigation, suggesting that prior exploration is important for cognitive mapping. Experiment 2 outlined a novel and reliable eye tracking method for differentiating strategy use in the Place and Cue mazes. Eye movements were measured during the first orientation second of behavioural trials to differentiate allocentric from egocentric strategy use. Experiment 3 employed the established eye tracking method to test the effects of experience on strategy selection. Participants were trained in either the Place maze or the Cue maze and then tested in the Dual-strategy maze. A strategy probe trial was introduced at the end of testing to indicate whether participants had selected an allocentric or an egocentric strategy. Training experience had a strong behavioural effect on later strategy selection at the end of testing. Furthermore the effect of experience occurred independently of the gender of participants. However, the experience effect was only briefly shown using eye tracking measures. Experiment 4 was a successful feasibility study showing that eye tracking measures can be utilized to measure navigational strategy use in survivors of traumatic brain injury. Together these experiments may indicate that strategies are not innate or within the person but rather are interactions of the person with the environment.Graduate
29
Neely, Kristina A. "The induced Roelofs effect evidence for an interaction between allocentric and egocentric visual information /". 2005. http://www.oregonpdf.org/index.cfm.
Testo completo
30
Langridge, Ryan. "The effects of allocentric cue presence on eye-hand coordination: disappearing targets in motion". 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31698.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Participants executed right-handed reach-to-grasp movements toward horizontally translating targets. Visual feedback of the target when reaching, as well as the presence of additional cues placed close (Experiment 1) or far (Experiment 2) above and below the target’s path was manipulated. Additional cue presence appeared to impair participants’ ability to extrapolate the disappeared target’s motion, and caused grasps for occluded targets to be less accurate. Final gaze and grasp positions were more accurate when reaching for leftward moving targets, suggesting individuals use different grasp strategies when reaching for targets travelling away from the reaching hand. Comparison of average fixations at reach onset and at the time of the grasp suggested that participants accurately extrapolated the occluded target’s motion prior to reach onset, but not after, resulting in inaccurate grasps. New information is provided about the eye-hand strategies used when reaching for moving targets in unpredictable visual conditions.October 2016
31
Cordova, Alberto. "Children's use of visual information in action planning". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2008-12-179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The primary intent of this study was to gain insight into children's ability to use visual information in planning reaching movements. More specifically, the work presented here examined, from a developmental perspective, the use of visual information to use a) egocentric cues, b) allocentric cues, and c) the combination, in the form of visual background around a target. Children representing the age groups 5-, 7-, 9-, 11 years and adults participated in three experiments. All experiments were conducted using an immediate (visually-guided) and response-delay (memory-guided) paradigm. Experiment 1 examined the ability of participants to use an egocentric frame of reference to estimate reach via motor imagery. Results indicated that introducing a >̲ 2s delay affected responses in all age groups, especially the younger age groups (5- and 7-year-olds). As delay increased, children as a group tended to overestimate, while adults underestimated. Experiment 2 investigated how participants used allocentric cues to estimate the location of objects in a perceptual estimate paradigm. Results revealed that introducing a delay affected the estimation of distance among all age groups, with greater effect on the younger age groups. Experiment 3 examined how a visual background surrounding a target would affect estimation of reach. Results revealed that there were no differences when targets were surrounded with or without a background. Results also showed that the 5- and 7-year-olds were most affected on their perception of reach and estimates by longer delays. Considered together, these results hint that: (1) there is a significant temporal constraint on the representation of movement through the visoumotor stream, especially with children 7 years and younger, and (2) children as a whole tend to operate and rely more on an egocentric frame of reference; therefore, responses of reachability and distance estimates were susceptible to greater error when performed after a 2s delay.
32
Chiu, Te-Cheng, e 邱德正. "Human EEG Dynamics with the use of Egocentric and Allocentric Reference Frames during Virtual Spaital Navigation". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32164035797537360062.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
104
Studies on spatial navigation reliably demonstrate that the retrosplenial complex (RSC) is crucial for allocentric information process for a translation function by transform egocentric spatial information into allocentric spatial reference frames (SRF) and vice versa. However, most of these studies are imaging studies. High temporal resolution measures such as electroencephalography (EEG) are missing. Besides, the interaction between RSC and other brain cortex for spatial navigation remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the function of the RSC in spatial navigation with high temporal resolution and causal relation between RSC and other regions of navigational network. High-resolution EEG signals were recorded during a path integration task to analyze spectral perturbations during navigation based on allocentric and egocentric SRF. EEG signals were decomposed by independent component analysis (ICA) and subsequently time-frequency transformation to investigate the EEG modulation for reference frame-specific orientation processes. Granger causality flows between brain sources was measured using direct short-time directed transfer function (sdDTF). Our results showed that navigation involved areas including the parietal, motor, and occipital cortices with dominant perturbations in the alpha band and theta modulation in frontal cortex. Causal connectivity was found between the anterior cingulate cortex and left prefrontal cortex in theta band and between the motor, parietal and occipital cortices and RSC in alpha band. Egocentric navigation revealed stronger theta increased in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, allocentric navigation engaged an occipital-pareitao-RSC alpha network. The RSC revealed strongest causal flow during orientation changes. Moreover, allocentric participants revealed ii performance-related alpha desynchronization and synchronization in the 12-14 Hz band in the RSC. The results support the role of RSC for translating egocentric spatial information into allocentric reference frames. The results also suggest RSC directly provides information on heading changes in humans.
33
TE-CHENG, CHIU, e 邱德正. "Differences in EEG Dynamics between the use of Allocentric and Egocentric reference frames during VR based Spatial Navigation". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05671827202115168178.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
96
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of brain dynamics between the use of allocentric reference frames and egocentric reference frames during spatial navigation. A tunnel task was designed to classify subjects into allocentric or egocentric spatial representation users. Despite of the differences of mental spatial representation, behavioral performance in general were compatible between the two strategies subjects in the tunnel task. Task-related EEG dynamics in both tonic and phasic power changes were analyzed using independent component analysis (ICA), time-frequency and non-parametric static test. Results supported the dissociation brain activities between the uses of allocentric and egocentric reference frames. Both tonic and phasic power changes were significantly different between the navigation strategy groups. Subjects who preferred to use the allocentric spatial representation showed stronger activation in occipital area during path integration whereas subjects using the egocentric reference frames showed stronger activation in parietal area during path integration. The distinct brain regions involved in the navigation process suggested that encodings of allocentric and egocentric reference frames were via the ventral and dorsal neural network respectively.
34
Yim, Megan. "Allocentric and egocentric navigational strategies are adopted at comparable rates in a virtual MWM: an eye-tracking study". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Considerable research has examined strategies involved in spatial navigation, and what factors determine which strategy an individual will use. The little research that has examined strategy adoption has produced conflicting results. The present study investigated the relative rate of adoption of allocentric and egocentric strategies in an environment that allowed individuals to adopt one or the other, or switch between them. Results indicated that by the end of testing nearly all participants had adopted one strategy or the other. Also, more participants were using an allocentric strategy than an egocentric strategy. However, strategy selection was not related to gender, or the relative efficiency of the two strategies. Analysis of gaze position at the start of trials showed that those who adopted an allocentric strategy tended to focus their attention on the distal (landscape) features of the environment whereas those who adopted an egocentric strategy tended to focus their attention on the proximal object features. However, vertical gaze position could not be used to reveal the rate of adoption of an egocentric strategy, because this did not vary over trials. Analysis of gaze position using “regions of interest” overcame this problem and showed that both strategies are adopted at a similar rate early in trials. Comparison of strategy by gaze position and strategy by navigation probe indicated that these two metrics were measuring two different stages of navigation. Finally, analysis of the navigational efficiency of different strategies indicated that the best navigators were those who used both strategies. These findings indicate allocentric and egocentric strategies are adopted at a similar rate and that within the space of a few seconds, individuals may use different strategies for orientation and navigation.Graduate
35
Ferguson, Thomas. "Navigational cognition: what you do and what you show isn't always all you know". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7714.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the study of navigation, frequently it is assumed that navigation is
accomplished using either an allocentric strategy based on a cognitive map, or an
egocentric strategy based on stimulus response associations. Further, it is frequently
assumed that individual navigators, or even entire genders, are only capable of navigating by one strategy or the other. The present study investigated whether individuals or genders were limited to a particular navigational strategy and whether both strategies might be learned or used at the same time. In the present study, undergraduate students were tested in a virtual Morris water maze that was modified to allow successful and efficient navigation using either an allocentric or an egocentric strategy. Learning trials on which the participants had to learn the location of the platform were alternated with probe trials on which participants would show which strategy they were using. At the end of testing, participants were given a series of tests to determine what knowledge they had acquired and which strategies they were capable of using. Results indicated that: a) most people preferred to navigate egocentrically in this maze, but some preferred to navigate allocentrically, b) people tended to use an egocentrically strategy first, but it was not a necessary step to learning to navigate allocentrically, c) people were better at their preferred strategy, d) people learned information about their non-preferred strategy, and e) those who preferred to navigate egocentrically could nevertheless learn to navigate allocentrically. Surprisingly, all of these results were true for both men and women, although women tended to prefer egocentric navigation at a higher rate than men, and men outperformed women when forced to navigate allocentrically. These results suggest it may be too simple to think of navigators as being capable of only a single navigational strategy or of learning only one strategy at a time.Graduate
36
Plank, Markus [Verfasser]. "Behavioral, electrocortical and neuroanatomical correlates of egocentric and allocentric reference frames during visual path integration / vorgelegt von Markus Plank, geb. Müller". 2009. http://d-nb.info/996029494/34.
Testo completo
37
Jang, Lie-Ching, e 張麗卿. "Assessing the Roles of Referent of Focus and Product Involvement on Purchase Intent for Consumers with Varying Levels of Allocentric Tendency". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41293646321033341004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
博士國立臺灣科技大學
企業管理系
96
There has been increasingly discussion of the role played by cultural knowledge in guiding the construction of meaning from a stimulus. The present work, conducted in a collectivist culture, contributes to our understanding that the way an individual’s allocentric tendencies influence decision making is through the evocation of one’s inner self value aspects and subjective norms. The results of experiment 1 of this dissertation demonstrate that ego-focused (versus other-focused) emotional appeals lead to more favorable affective attitudes and result in positive effects on purchase intention for members with higher allocentric tendencies in a collectivist culture, while other-focused (versus ego-focused) emotional appeals lead to higher levels of trust and an enhancing of the effect of subjective norms on purchase intention for members with higher allocentric tendencies in a collectivist culture. Furthermore, we investigate the role of consumer product involvement in explaining behavioral intention (experiment 2), demonstrating that in addition to an ego-focused advertising appeal, the added independent variable of subjective norm functions as a parallel predictor of involvement. Consideration of both these independent factors can serve to activate allocentrists’ higher involvement, and in turn positively affect allocentrists’ trust and affective attitudes and subsequent purchase intention toward the advertised product.
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Hübner, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "From homing behavior to cognitive mapping : integration of egocentric pose relations and allocentric landmark information in a graph model / von Wolfgang Hübner". 2005. http://d-nb.info/984886095/34.
Testo completo
39
Kalinová, Jana. "EEG koreláty egocentrických a allocentrických odhadů vzdáleností ve virtuálním prostředí u lidí". Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404985.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cognitive processes associated with spatial orientation can use different reference frames: egocentric, centered on observer and allocentric, centered on objects in the environment. In this thesis, we use EEG to investigate the dynamics of brain processes accompanying spatial orientation based on these reference frames. Participants were instructed to estimate distances between objects or themselves and objects located in a virtual circular arena; this task was presented in both 2D and 3D displays. Task-related EEG changes were analyzed using a time-frequency analysis and event-related potential analysis of 128-channel EEG recordings. Through time-frequency analysis we found significant power differences in delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands amongst the control, egocentric and allocentric testing conditions. We noted a decrease in alpha power in occipital and parietal regions, while a significantly stronger decrease was observed for the allocentric condition compared to both egocentric and control conditions. A similar pattern was also detectable for the beta band. We also report an increase in theta and delta power in temporal, fronto-temporal and lateral frontal regions that was significantly stronger for the egocentric condition compared to control and, in some electrodes, even...
40
Taghizadeh, Bahareh. "Reference frames for planning reach movement in the parietal and premotor cortices". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86C4-2.
Testo completo
41
Mehlitz, Marcus. "Aufbau eines medizinischen Virtual Reality-Labors und Entwicklung eines VR-gestützten neuropsychologischen Testsystems mit einer präklinischen und klinischen Evaluationsstudie". Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B1B0-1.
Testo completo
42
Ruhleder, Mirjana. "Visuell-räumliche Navigationsleistungen und parietales Cortexvolumen bei schizophrenen Patienten im Paradigma der "Virtuellen Realität"". Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC4A-0.
Testo completo
43
Majerová, Veronika. "Patofyziologie non-motorických projevů při postižení bazálních ganglií". Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328703.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of brain nuclei situated deep in the cerebral hemispheres. While BG were primarily associated with motor functions, in recent years there has been an increasing evidence that BG are also significantly involved in a wide range of non-motor functions. This work focused on some of the non-motor symptoms associated with two typical basal ganglia disorders: Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). The first study concerned spatial navigation impairment in patients with HD. Their spatial navigation skills were tested using the Blue Velvet Arena, technique evaluating spatial navigation in real space, capable to selectively differentiate between two components of spatial navigation - allocentric (environment-oriented) and egocentric (self-oriented). Allocentric navigation is linked to hippocampal function, whereas egocentric navigation is usually associated with striatum, a structure predominantly affected in HD. We found that spatial navigation is not significantly affected in the early stages of HD and that in more advanced stages, when spatial navigation is already impaired, there is no significant difference between allocentric and egocentric navigation impairment. We speculate that the striatal involvement does not contribute to the impairment of the...