Articoli di riviste: "Alley cropping system"

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Atta-Krah, A. N. "Alley Farming with Leucaena: Effect of Short Grazed Fallows on Soil Fertility and Crop Yields". Experimental Agriculture 26, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015349.

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SUMMARYA long-term trial with Leucaena leucocephala was initiated in 1982 to test the sustainability of Leucaena-based alley farming compared to a conventional cropping system without trees and with continuous cultivation of maize. It assessed the integration of short grazed fallows in rotation within Leucaena alleys and their effect on soil fertility and crop yields.The various treatments had no effect on soil pH during the four-year period of the trial. The organic carbon and total nitrogen contents of the soils under conventional cropping were lower by the end of the fourth year than those under alley cropping and alley grazing treatments, whereas soil phosphorus levels were lower in the alley cropping and grazing plots. Foliage dry matter production of Leucaena under alley cropping management ranged from 6.0 to 6.7 t ha−1 a−1 under continuous cropping and reached 8 t ha−1 when alley cropping was preceded by a grazed fallow. Crop yields were consistently higher with alley cropping than with conventional cropping. Alley cropping plots in rotation with two year grazed fallows gave significantly higher crop yields during cropping years than those under continuous cultivation.

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Jabbar, M. A., A. Larbi e L. Reynolds. "Profitability of Alley Farming with and without Fallow in Southwest Nigeria". Experimental Agriculture 30, n. 3 (luglio 1994): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970002442x.

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SUMMARYThe profitabilities of three land use systems in the humid zone of southwest Nigeria are compared using a capital budgeting procedure combining on-station and on-farm experimental data. The systems are: non-alley farming with fallow; alley farming with fallow; and continuous alley farming. The results indicate that: continuous alley cropping is more profitable than non-alley or alley cropping with fallow; short fallowing in alley cropping reduces the rate of mining soil fertility and thus helps preserve future productivity; alley farming with small ruminants enhances the profitability of alley systems and increases their advantage over the non-alley system; and alley systems remain profitable even when terminal clearing costs are internalized in the current project cycle.

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Haggar, Jeremy P. "Trees in Alley Cropping: Competitors or Soil Improvers?" Outlook on Agriculture 23, n. 1 (marzo 1994): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300106.

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Agroforestry has a high potential to sustain agricultural production in the humid tropics. One specific type of agroforestry, alley cropping, has received much attention as a means of producing staple food crops within an agroforestry system. There is now substantial evidence that alley cropping maintains soil fertility above levels found in pure annual cropping systems. Nevertheless, competition between the trees and crops can significantly reduce yields by the crop. A model is presented of how the balance between the improved soil fertility in alley cropping and competition from the trees determines the final crop performance. Better understanding of the factors that determine crop yield will enable improved design and management of alley cropping systems, and may allow alley cropping to become a more reliable means of improving crop production.

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Xu, Huasen, Huaxing Bi, Lubo Gao e Lei Yun. "Alley Cropping Increases Land Use Efficiency and Economic Profitability Across the Combination Cultivation Period". Agronomy 9, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2019): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9010034.

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Alley cropping allows the famer to effectively use available resources and yield more benefits. Choosing suitable associated crop and mitigating the competition between trees and crops are crucial for designing the alley cropping systems. We conducted a long-term experiment, including apple (Malus pumila)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea), apple/millet (Setaria italica) and apple/maize (Zea mays) alley cropping systems with conventional intercropping distance, and corresponding monocultures (Exp.1), and a short-term experiment with improved intercropping distance in the same three combinations (Exp.2) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed crop yields in three alley cropping systems were lower than the corresponding monocultures. Apple yields were significantly constrained by millet and maize in the alley cropping systems, but not sensitive to the presence of peanut. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 before the tree bore fruit. The LERs were greater than 1.0 after the tree bore fruit, and the apple trees made a decisive contribution to the land use advantage. Net present values of three alley cropping systems were on average 60.1% higher than the corresponding monocultures across the alley cropping period. The maximum annual present value in the first–fifth, sixth and seventh–ninth years after the alley cropping establishment was observed in the apple/maize, apple/millet and apple/peanut system, respectively. These results highlight that choosing the optimal alley cropping management and suitable associated crops at different years after establishment may allow farmers to increase the land use efficiency and economic profitability.

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WIRYANATA, I. WAYAN GEDE, MADE MIKA MEGA ASTUTHI e KADEK AYU CHARISMA JULIA DEWI. "Perbedaan Tinggi, Jumlah Daun, dan Diameter Batang Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) pada Sistem Agroforestri Penanaman Lorong (Alley Cropping) dan Tumpang Sari di DAS Mikro Desa Tukad Sumaga, Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng". Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science 11, n. 2 (17 novembre 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ajoas.2021.v11.i02.p01.

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Differences in Height, Number of Leaves, and Stem Diameter of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Alley Cropping and Intercropping of Agroforestry Systems at the Micro Watershed of Tukad Sumaga Village, Gerokgak District, Buleleng Regency. Degraded land as a result of land conversion has a very bad impact on the agro-ecosystem. Land conversion caused by the increasing needs of the population. The majority of the livelihoods of the people in Tukad Sumaga village are farmers. The availability of forage is very important to be maintained. Corn plants, in addition to their production in the form of corn, forage fodder on corn plants are very important for the availability of cattle feed. This research was conducted on 28 DAP maize (Zea mays L.) in alley cropping system and intercropping in the micro watershed of Tukad Sumaga Village. The results showed that the highest average plant height, leaf number, and corn stalk diameter were found in the alley cropping system namely 1.03 m, 7.31, and 1.59 cm. There was no significant difference between the height of corn plants in alley cropping and intercropping systems. There is a significant difference between the number of leaves and the diameter of the stems of maize in alley cropping and intercropping systems.

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Ferdush, Jannatul, Md Meftahul Karim, Iffat Jahan Noor, Sadia Afrin Sadia Afrin Ju, Tofayel Ahamed e Dr Sataya Ranjan Saha. "Impact of alley cropping system on soil fertility". International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 7, n. 2 (17 novembre 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29942.

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A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of pruned materials of two hedgerow species on wheat production and soil nutrient changes at different nitrogen levels in the research farm of the Bangabandhu Shiekh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMARU) during November 2012 to March 2013. The design of the experiment was split plot, where two multipurpose tree species (MPTS) namely Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala were arranged in main plots and five different doses of nitrogen (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 % of recommended dose) with pruned materials were distributed to sub plots. Alley widths of both tree species were 6.0 meter. There were also control plots where full dose of recommended nitrogen was applied but no pruned material (PM) was incorporated. The soil chemical properties in the alleys consisting of G. sepium and L. leucocephala responded differently. Positive changes in the soil fertility in terms of soil pH, organic C, total N, available P, available S and exchangeable Ca, Mg, K and CEC of the top soil layer were observed in alley cropping system. Pruned materials application substantially reduced the nitrogen requirement for wheat production and 50 % Nitrogen fertilizer could be saved through pruned materials application. Among the tree species G. sepium seemed to be superior over L. leucocephala in building soil health.

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Onyenso, A. I., K. A. Nwobodo, A. M. Yakubu e L. N. Onyenweaku. "Effect of alley plants species and plantain cultivars on yield of 60-day cowpea grain in Umudike Southern Nigeria". Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 16, n. 2 (6 aprile 2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v16i2.4.

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Alley cropping or hedgerow intercropping is one of the many sub-systems of agroforestry technology. A 5 x 3 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was used to determine the effect of four alley woody species and three plantain cultivars on the yield of 60-day cowpea grain in the 2017 and 2018 farming seasons. The Alley species, plantain cultivars and Alley species x plantain cultivars treatment interactions showed no significant effects (p<0.05) on cowpea grain yield. Students t-test on the two farming seasons showed significant increase in yield of cowpea grain in 2018 than in 2017. Alley cropping technology could increase 60-day cowpea grain yield due to improved soil fertility in the system. Keywords: alley cropping, yield, 60-day cowpea, alley woody species, plantain cultivars

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Honfy, Veronika, Zoltán Pödör, Zsolt Keserű, János Rásó, Tamás Ábri e Attila Borovics. "The Effect of Tree Spacing on Yields of Alley Cropping Systems—A Case Study from Hungary". Plants 12, n. 3 (29 gennaio 2023): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030595.

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Alley cropping is a specific agroforestry system, which is regarded as sustainable land use management, that could play a crucial role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. Despite its appealing attributes, farmers’ up-take of the system is slow in temperate regions. This study aims to contribute to scaling-up agroforestry through a case study in Hungary and to help to design productive alley cropping systems. We investigated which tree planting pattern of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) results in the most productive alley cropping system when intercropped with triticale (x Triticosecale W.) by statistically analysing the yields of the intercrop and of the trees in nine different layouts and by calculating land equivalent ratios (LER). There was significant difference between the treatments both in triticale and black locust yields. The more trees planted on a hectare, the higher the volume of the stand, and the less yield of triticale was observed, although the latter correlation was weak and in some cases the triticale was more productive between the trees compared with sole crop control. Eight out of nine treatments had favourable LER (0.94–1.35) when the trees were five years old. Black locust and triticale seem to be a good combination for productive alley cropping systems.

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Aguiar, Alana das Chagas Ferreira, Andreia Pereira Amorim, Katia Pereira Coêlho e Emanoel Gomes de Moura. "Environmental and agricultural benefits of a management system designed for sandy loam soils of the humid tropics". Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33, n. 5 (ottobre 2009): 1473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000500037.

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A sustainable management of soils with low natural fertility on family farms in the humid tropics is a great challenge and overcoming it would be an enormous benefit for the environment and the farmers. The objective of this study was to assess the environmental and agronomic benefits of alley cropping, based on the evaluation of C sequestration, soil quality indicators, and corn yields. Combinations of four legumes were used in alley cropping systems in the following treatments: Clitoria fairchildiana + Cajanus cajan; Acacia mangium + Cajanus cajan; Leucaena leucocephala + Cajanus cajan; Clitoria fairchildiana + Leucaena leucocephala; Leucaena leucocephala + Acacia mangium and a control. Corn was used as a cash crop. The C content was determined in the different compartments of soil organic matter, CEC, available P, base saturation, percentage of water saturation, the period of the root hospitality factor below the critical level and corn yield. It was concluded that alley cropping could substitute the slash and burn system in the humid tropics. The main environmental benefit of alley cropping is the maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium between C input and output that could sustain up to 10 Mg ha-1 of C in the litter layer, decreasing atmospheric CO2 levels. Alley cropping is also beneficial from the agricultural point of view, because it increases base saturation and decreases physical resistance to root penetration in the soil layer 0 - 10 cm, which ensures the increase and sustainability of corn yield.

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Chianu, J. N., J. O. Akintola e P. M. Kormawa. "PROFITABILITY OF CASSAVA–MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER DIFFERENT FALLOW SYSTEMS AND LAND-USE INTENSITIES IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA OF SOUTHWEST NIGERIA". Experimental Agriculture 38, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479702000157.

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Population pressure has diminished the role of the traditional bush fallow system in restoring the fertility of depleted soils following several years of cultivation in the derived savanna of southwest Nigeria. The search for alternative fallow systems led to the development of alley cropping using Leucaena leucocephala and cover cropping using Pueraria phaseoloides. These soil-conserving systems also embody the principles of sustainability by ensuring stable crop yields in spite of an increase in land-use intensity. Simulating smallholder farm conditions and based on a split-plot experiment with the three fallow systems as the main plots and four different land-use intensities (LUI) as the subplots, simple direct observation and record keeping were used to collect data on labour use in all farm operations including fuelwood cutting and stacking in alley cropping systems with fallow phases. Data collection covered a period of four years (1993–96), corresponding to one out of the three phases (or complete cycles) of the trial. Partial budget analysis was used to estimate profitability of cassava (Manihot utilissima)–maize (Zea mays) under each LUI. Results based on crop production indicate that each of the cassava-maize enterprises was profitable but the level of profit varied from 10 819 to 50 289 Naira ha−1. Production under cover cropping has a net benefit advantage of 4–25% (over that under bush fallow) and 25–60% (over alley cropping). Profitability increased as the LUI decreased, depicting the overall importance of fallow periods on soil fertility restoration. Results based on crop production plus fuelwood operations indicate that production with cover cropping has a net benefit advantage over that of both bush fallow and alley cropping under both zero-fallow and one-year fallow LUIs. However, results from two- and three-year fallows indicate that fuelwood yield generated sufficient revenue to put alley cropping at a net benefit advantage of 29–42% over bush fallow and 26–37% over cover cropping. From these results, cover cropping is recommended, especially to farmers in areas where, although land shortage is a problem, fuelwood and the other sources of domestic energy are still cheap and easily accessible. However, in areas with abundant land and where farmers can still wait for fallow periods of at least two years, alley cropping is recommended since, in addition to soil fertility improvement, substantial revenue is obtained. However, considerations of yield variability, labour scarcity, as well as risk-aversion behaviour among farmers may alter their technology choice.

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OYETUNJI, O. J., O. OSONUBI e I. J. EKANAYAKE. "Contributions of an alley cropping system and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to maize productivity under cassava intercrop in the derived savannah zone". Journal of Agricultural Science 140, n. 3 (maggio 2003): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859603002946.

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Alley cropping is a prototype agro-forestry system practiced in many parts of the humid tropics. It is one of the established, promising and sustainable low-input soil management ventures. An improved understanding of the eco-physiological relationships between the arable and perennials in this system could contribute to solving issues of sustainability for nutrient use and system productivity. Field experiments were conducted in Alabata and Ajibode, located in the derived savannah zone of Nigeria, to evaluate the comparative effects of an alley cropping system, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and cassava intercropping on maize yield. These on-farms trials (research managed and farmer managed) were conducted in the 1993/94 and 1995/96 growing seasons, in Rhodic Kandiustalf soil type with low nutrients. Each trial was a split-plot factorial arranged in randomized complete blocks with three replications. Biomass productions of maize and cassava tuber yield were determined. The results obtained at Alabata indicated that the maize plants were heavily infected with AM fungi whether inoculated or not. The hedgerow trees did not have a significant effect on maize yield. The increase in yield brought about by the alley cropping system was generally less than 15%, except in one farm where increases of 34·6 and 46·5% were recorded in AM-inoculated and non-inoculated plots respectively. The introduced AM fungi did not significantly enhance maize yield at Alabata; the percentage increase was not more than 24%. This trend was also observed at Ajibode. Cassava tuber yield was found to be suppressed by the alley cropping system irrespective of the cultivar. The decrease in yield ranged from 2·6 to 150·8%. However, inoculation of the cassava with exotic AM fungi brought about an enhancement of its tuber production. The increase ranged from 20·7 to 189·8% depending on the treatment combination. It is therefore necessary to encourage adoption of the improved alley cropping system integrated with mycorrhizal technology.

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Mulyono, Daru. "PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN BUDIDAYA LORONG (ALLEY CROPPING) UNTUK KONSERVASI LAHAN KRITIS DI HULU DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CIMANUK, JAWA BARAT". Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, n. 2 (2 dicembre 2016): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i2.1213.

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The role and function of Cimanuk Watershed tend to declining, where total of critical area reach to a high of 131,384 ha from the total of 358,400 ha or about 36.6 %. In wet season debit of Cimanuk River reach 1,004 m3/second and in dry season reavh 4m3/second.Therefore the Debit Ratio of Cimanuk River reach to a high of 251, it is indicate that Cimanuk Watershed become very critical condition and need appropriate management especially in the upper watershed. One altervative of the watershed management is application of Alley Cropping system. The biomass from prunning of hedgerows Flemengia congesta have significant effect to land fertility through improvement of nutrients availability. Furthermore, the successful application of Alley Cropping system willlead to conserve land and water where it will support flood control, agricultural irrigation,fisheries development, electric generation, industrial development, etc.Keywords: agricultural, alley cropping, land conservation, watershed

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Loureiro, Diego Campana, Helvécio De-Polli, Marcos Bacis Ceddia e Adriana Maria de Aquino. "Spatial variability of microbial biomass and organic matter labile pools in a haplic planosol soil". Bragantia 69, suppl (2010): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0006-87052010000500010.

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The objective of this work was to study the spatial variability of soil microbial biomass (SMB) and labile soil organic matter pools (labile SOM), under different management systems and plant cover. The experiment was conducted in a Haplic Planosol soil on an Integrated Agroecological Production System (SIPA), in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro. The evaluated management systems were: alley cropping, pasture, and bush garden, the late one was used as reference area. Three grids of regular spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 meters were used for sampling, consisting of 25 georeferenced points each, where soil samples were taken at 0-10 cm depth. The following labile constituents of soil organic matter were determined: free light fraction (FLF), water soluble C and N, C and N of SMB (SMB-C and SMB-N), and glomalin content. The textural fractions (sand, silt, and clay), pH in water, and chemical attributes (organic C, total N, Ca, Mg, Al, P, K, and CEC-cation exchange capacity) were also determined. The areas of alley cropping and pasture showed spatial dependence to the attributes of SOM. The occurrence of high spatial dependence for the attributes associated to microbial biomass in the alley cropping system (C, FLF, SMB-N and respiration), probably was due to external factors related to management, such as: intensive rotational cropping system, diversity of crops and different inputs of organic matter to soil such as pruning material and organic compost.

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Nurbekov, Aziz Israilovich, Lola Nasriddinovna Xalilova, Baxtiyor Isroilov e Umirzoq Muhiddinovich Xalilov. "ALLEY CROPPING SYSTEM UNDER CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES IN TAJIKISTAN". European Science Review, n. 11-12 (2019): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/esr-19-11.12-48-51.

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Lawry, S., D. Stienbarger e M. A. Jabbar. "Land Tenure and the Potential for the Adoption of Alley Farming in West Africa". Outlook on Agriculture 23, n. 3 (settembre 1994): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709402300305.

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Alley farming was developed as a means of maintaining soil fertility in fields under permanent cultivation in Africa, as population pressure makes the traditional practice of slash-and-burn combined with fallowing unsustainable. It is an agroforestry system under which food crops are grown in alleys formed by hedgerows of leguminous trees and shrubs. Studies have shown that it works, but farmers are only taking it up very slowly. Recent work suggests that land tenure might be a factor in the spread of alley cropping.

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Soliman, Yassin M., Wagdi S. Soliman e Ahmed M. Abbas. "Alley Cropping and Organic Compost: An Efficient and Sustainable Agro-Ecological Strategy for Improving Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Growth and Attributes". Agriculture 13, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2023): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010149.

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Alley cropping is a sustainable agriculture approach that improves ecosystem services while also promoting biodiversity. The current study was conducted over two seasons, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, to examine the impact of leucaena–turmeric alley cropping and organic compost addition as agroforestry systems on the growth, yield and characteristics of the turmeric crop. Alley cropping included four treatments: control (turmeric as sole crop), turmeric cultivated between leucaena trees pruned at 1 m height, leucaena trees pruned at 1.5 m height and unpruned leucaena trees. Meanwhile, organic compost rates were control (received recommended NPK) and 17 and 34 m3 ha−1. This study’s results showed that growing turmeric in between rows of unpruned leucaena resulted in maximum turmeric plant growth, production and characteristics. Minimum turmeric growth and yield parameters were recorded with plants grown between pruned leucaena at 1 m and those where the turmeric was the sole crop. In addition, compost addition at 34 m3 ha−1 led to maximum growth, yield and attributes of the turmeric crop. Compost addition and alley cropping were shown to be an effective and sustainable agro-ecological system for increasing turmeric output and quality. The study demonstrated the importance of selecting the appropriate crop–tree combination in this system and it was discovered that leguminous leucaena trees significantly contributed to improving fertility and nutrient availability, which in turn improved the growth characteristics of turmeric, particularly the leaf-area index and its nutrient content, which are beneficial to the characteristics of the rhizome yield and curcumin content.

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Gessesse, Abrham Tezera, e Hailie Shiferaw Wollea. "On-Farm Evaluation of Multipurpose Tree/Shrub Species for Sustaining Productivity in Alley Cropping". Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, n. 1 (30 giugno 2015): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v2i1.385.

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Alley cropping is a system in which strips (alleys) of annual crops are grown between rows of trees or shrubs, resembling hedges. Alley cropping is one of promising agro forestry practice to sustain productivity in highly populated areas where landholding sizes are very small and inorganic fertilizer use is very low. This study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating the effect of selected multipurpose tree/shrub species on yield performance of Teff (EragrostisTeff) through green manure application of hedgerow planting. Four different multipurpose tree/shrub species (Sesbania sesban, Croton macrostaychus, Cacia species and Cajuns cajun) seedlings were used and planted in two rows within the space of 8m between avenue and 0.25m within avenue and the trial was designed as Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Leaf biomass was incorporated to the soil in early July (1-2 weeks before sowing) as green manure. At each plot 15m2 (3m x 5m) areas were laid for Teff (EragrostisTeff) grain and straw yield parameter measurements. The result shows that significantly higher grain and straw biomass yield of Teff (EragrostisTeff) were obtained through application of Sesbania sesban and Croton macrostaychus green manure as compare to Cajuns cajun and Cassia species. Leaf nutrient concentrations of N and P were found higher in Sesbania sesban than the rest of tree/shrub species. For this reason, farmers are advised to use Sesbania sesban and Croton macrostaychus species for Teff production in alley cropping agroforestry system.

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Oluwole, Eludoyin Adebayo, Yetunde Mary Adelere e Olusegun Olufemi Awotoye. "CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITY Of SOILS UNDER SELECTED FARMING PRACTICES IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA". GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11, n. 3 (29 settembre 2018): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-3-111-125.

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This study compared soil properties and quality under five different farm practices in a part of the southwest Nigeria. The study indicated that fewer soil properties accounted for more percentage change in total variance at the fallow and mono-cropping plots than at the forest, crop rotation and alley farming systems. It also showed that soils under fallow and mono-cropping systems exhibited the lowest quality values among the farm practices system studied. The study recommends improved soil management approaches in plots under mono-cropping practices, and extensive soil recovery programmes for fallow lands.

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OLIVEIRA, VIANNEY REINALDO DE, PAULO SÉRGIO LIMA E. SILVA, PATRÍCIA LIANY DE OLIVEIRA FERNANDES SIQUEIRA, IRON MACEDO DANTAS e MARIA ZULEIDE DE NEGREIROS. "CORN-TREE PROXIMITY EFFECTS IN AGROFORESTRY EXPERIMENTS". Revista Caatinga 29, n. 3 (settembre 2016): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n315rc.

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ABSTRACT In agroforestry systems, annual plants closest to trees may behave differently from plants in rows that are more distant. This study evaluated the proximity effects of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on corn yield under the taungya and alley cropping systems. The two species were evaluated, in randomised blocks with five replications, in 2010 and 2011, under taungya and alley cropping, respectively. Three rows of corn (left, middle, and right) were grown between two rows of trees. Sabiá trees grew higher than gliricidia trees. The difference in crown diameter between species depended on plant age. There was a linear relationship between plant age and plant height and between plant age and crown diameter for both sabiá and gliricidia trees. In the taungya system, left rows produced more green ears than middle and right rows, but grain yield was higher in middle rows. In the alley system, green ear yield was also higher in left rows than in middle and right rows, but grain yield was unaffected by row position. In both agroforestry systems, there were no differences in corn yield for corn grown between sabiá or gliricidia trees.

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Ariani, Ratri, e Umi Haryati. "Sistem Alley Cropping: Analisis SWOT dan Strategi Implementasinya di Lahan Kering DAS Hulu". Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan 12, n. 1 (25 giugno 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jsdl.v12n1.2018.13-31.

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Abstrak. Ditinjau dari segi luasan, lahan kering di Indonesia merupakan lahan yang cukup potensial, untuk dikembangkan sebagai areal pertanian. Namun usaha pertanian di areal ini dihadapkan pada beberapa kendala, diantaranya karena lahan ini banyak tersebar di daerah pegunungan dengan topografi yang curam sehingga rawan erosi. Untuk itu usahatani konservasi mutlak perlu dilakukan. Teknik konservasi mekanik berupa teras bangku, yang telah banyak dikenal dan diadopsi petani, diyakini dapat menurunkan erosi, namun teknik ini tidak selalu cocok diimplementasikan pada semua kondisi, selain memerlukan biaya yang cukup tinggi. Oleh karena itu, teknik konservasi vegetatif lebih disarankan untuk diapliksikan di areal ini. Sistem pertanaman lorong (alley cropping) merupakan teknik konservasi vegetatif yang telah terbukti efektif mengendalikan erosi dan aliran permukaan (runoff), kehilangan hara, meningkatkan produktivitas tanah dan tanaman, efisien dari segi biaya, serta dapat diadopsi oleh petani berdasarkan hasil-hasil penelitian. Dengan demikian, sistem pertanaman lorong berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di areal lahan kering dengan memperhatikan keunggulan dan kelemahannya. Makalah ini mengemukakan tentang keunggulan dan kelemahan sistem pertanaman lorong serta peluang dan tantangan yang akan dihadapi di dalam implementasinya di lahan kering berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT (strengths, weeknesses, opportunities, threats). Pengembangan strategi untuk implementasi sistem alley cropping meliputi strategi yang bersifat teknis dan non teknis.Abstract. In terms of area, upland in Indonesia is a potential land to be developed as an agricultural area. However, this agricultural bussines on this area is faced with several problem, some of them is because the agricultural land is spread in mountainouns area with a steep topography that is easy to erosion, therefore conservation agriculture system is absolutely needed. Mechanical soil conservation techniques such as bench terrace which have been widely known and farmer-friendly are believed to reduce erosion, but this technique is not always suitable to be implemented in all condition other than requiring high cost, therefore vegetative conservation vegetative conservation techniques are more suggested to control erosion in this area. Alley cropping system is a vegetative conservation technique that has been proven effective in controlling erosion and runoff, nutrient loss, increasing land and crop productivity, cost efficient and can be adopted by farmers based on the research results. Thus, the alley cropping system is likely to be developed in upland area with attention to its advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of alley cropping system and the opportunities and challenges that will be faced in its implementation in upland based on SWOT (strengths, weeknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis. Development of strategy for implementation of alley cropping system includes technical and non technical strategy.

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Fadl, Kamal Eldin Mohammed, e Ali Elamin Abdallah Ahmed. "Farmers’ perceptions towards agroforestry systems in Babanosa Area, West Kordofan State". International Journal of Environment 4, n. 2 (3 giugno 2015): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12633.

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This study was conducted in Eltemada, Boli and Umghoghai villages at Babanosa area in El-salam locality, South Kordofan State during 2012 and 2013. The objectives were to (1) identify and assess the most important agroforestry systems, (2) to investigate the main factors that affecting the sustainability of the systems, (3) to determine the important field crops that cultivated with trees and (4) to evaluate the effect of the agroforestry systems on the yield of the traditional field crops. For accomplishment of these study 80 questioners was designed and distributed in the selected villages. After the data collection data was analyzed by using descriptive statistic. The results showed that the most important agroforestry systems in the study area are parkland cropping system (58%), boundary planting (26%), wind-breaks (13%) and alley cropping (3%).The most important forest trees in the study area are Acacia senegal (32%), Ziziphus spina- christia (28%), Balanites aegeyptiaca (26%), Sclerocary birrea and Guera senegalensis (3%). The main field crops in the study area are groundnut (44%), sorghum (35%) and roselle (21%). The results showed that yield of groundnut and sorghum is higher under agroforestry systems compared with the mono-cropping system. The results showed that the majority of respondents (70%) prefer to cultivate field crops in agroforestry system, while (30%) prefer to cultivate the field crops in a mono-cropping system. The cultivation methods used in the study area include shifting cultivation (52%), mono-cropping (36%) and intercropping (12%).The majority of respondents (94%) showed that trees improve soil fertility in their farm land. The benefits from trees in farm land include improvement of soil properties (36%), protecting the farm land from wind erosion (28%), improvement of micro-climate (24%) and source of income which was indicated by (12%) of the respondents. The study recommended that modern agroforestry system such as improved fallow system and alley cropping should be introduced in the study area and multi-purpose trees such as Acacia senegal, Fedherbia albida and Sclerocarya birrea that improve soil fertility and diversify farmers income should be maintained. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12633 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 136-146

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van Ramshorst, Justus G. V., Lukas Siebicke, Moritz Baumeister, Fernando E. Moyano, Alexander Knohl e Christian Markwitz. "Reducing Wind Erosion through Agroforestry: A Case Study Using Large Eddy Simulations". Sustainability 14, n. 20 (17 ottobre 2022): 13372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013372.

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Wind erosion is seen as one of the main risks for modern agriculture in dry and sandy regions. Shelterbelts and agroforestry systems are known for their ability to reduce wind speed and, consequently, wind erosion. The current study considers temperate alley cropping agroforestry systems, where multiple tree strips (shelterbelts) are interleaved with either annual rotating crops or perennial grassland. The aim was to quantify the potential wind erosion reduction by alley cropping agroforestry systems and the effect of design decisions for a case study in Germany. By combining wind measurements and Large Eddy Simulations, the wind speed and potential wind erosion inside an agroforestry system were estimated. Our model simulations result in an average reduction in wind speed between 17% and 67%, and a reduction of average potential wind erosion between 24% and 97%. The most optimal reduction of the average potential wind erosion was larger than 92% for tree strips orientated perpendicular to the main wind direction, whereas for a diagonal orientation of the tree strips to the main wind direction we found an average reduction of 86%. Parallel orientated tree strips reduce wind erosion on average by less than 35%. Tree strips planted with ≤48 m distance provide a strong and constant reduction of wind erosion, even for tree strips of 2 m height the average reduction was 86%, when the tree strips were orientated optimal to the dominant wind direction. Our model simulations showed that alley cropping agroforestry systems in a temperate climate have a large potential to reduce wind erosion by more than 80% when the system is well-designed and managed.

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Utamy, Renny Fatmyah, Herry Sonjaya, Yasuyuki Ishii, Syamsuddin Hasan, Maulina Nazira, Mujtahida Taufik e Etrid Januarti. "Mixed Cropping of Dwarf Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) with Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) using an Alley Cropping System". Open Agriculture Journal 15, n. 1 (7 dicembre 2021): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874331502115010111.

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Background: Mixed cropping of forage grasses and legumes can potentially improve the performance of herbivores. However, the feasibility of grasses mixed-cropped with legumes should be examined at different plant densities. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the growth characters and forage chemical composition in dwarf napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Mott) with Indigofera (Indigofera zollingeriana) grown using alley cropping. Methods: Three densities of dwarf napiergrass with Indigofera, i.e., high density (2 and 1 plants m-2, respectively); medium density (1.33 and 1 plants m-2, respectively); and low density (1 and 1 plants m-2, respectively) were applied under rainfed conditions in Makassar. Results: Plant density significantly affected growth characteristics, such as plant height and tiller density in dwarf napiergrass (p<0.05), and non-significantly affected plant height and branch density (p>0.05) in Indigofera. Plant density did not affect the yielding ability at the first defoliation and annual total of yields (p>0.05), except at the second defoliation when the dry matter production of dwarf napiergrass peaked in the low plant density treatment (p<0.05). In terms of chemical composition, plant density significantly affected fiber concentrations of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, which were lowest at low plant densities (p<0.05). The acid detergent lignin and cellulose concentrations tended to be lower at low plant densities, but the differences were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: We consider that alley cropping systems for dwarf napiergrass and Indigofera are suitable if low plant densities are employed in the region.

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Gagliardi, Lorenzo, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, Mino Sportelli, Daniele Antichi, Lorenzo Gabriele Tramacere, Giovanni Rallo, Andrea Peruzzi e Michele Raffaelli. "Assessment of a Chain Mower Performance for Weed Control under Tree Rows in an Alley Cropping Farming System". Agronomy 12, n. 11 (9 novembre 2022): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112785.

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In the area under tree rows of alley cropping systems, coarse plant material as well as pruning material or stones may be present, so the use of a mower equipped with chains as cutting a tool could be advantageous. A mower designed for under-row weed control in orchards, equipped with an automatic tree-skipping mechanism, was modified by replacing blades with chains with the aim of evaluating its performance in an alley cropping system. A first trial was carried out in an open field to preliminarily compare the chain mower with the version equipped with blades in relation to different settings of working speed (1.6 and 2.4 km·h−1) and rotation speed of the cutting tool (1830 and 2500 rpm). Weed biomass reduction, weed cover reduction, weed height reduction, weed biomass regrowth, and clipping size were assessed. In a second trial, the performance of the mowers with different setting configurations was assessed in an alley cropping system under a more critical environmental condition for mowing, i.e., the presence of dew. Weed biomass reduction, weed cover reduction, weed height reduction, and the mowers’ field capacity with different working speed settings were assessed. No major differences emerged between the mowers and the chain mower performance was comparable to that of the standard blade mower. The setting with the high working speed and high rotation speed of the cutting tool turns out to be the best compromise, obtaining a weed biomass reduction of 59.6%, a weed cover reduction of 40.9%, and a higher field capacity compared to the setting with the low working speed, with an increase of 47.9%.

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da Costa Leite, Robson, José Geraldo Donizetti dos Santos, Rubson da Costa Leite, Luciano Fernandes Sousa, Guilherme Octávio de Sousa Soares, Luan Fernandes Rodrigues, Jefferson Santana da Silva Carneiro e Antonio Clementino dos Santos. "Leguminous Alley Cropping Improves the Production, Nutrition, and Yield of Forage Sorghum". Agronomy 9, n. 10 (14 ottobre 2019): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100636.

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This study aimed to evaluate the growth, production, and leaf contents of macronutrients, as well as the yield of forage sorghum cultivated on the alleys of Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.) and Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit) in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. The experiment was conducted in two different periods: During the 2016/2017 double crop (cultivation carried out at the end of the crop cycle) and during the 2017/2018 crop (cultivation carried out at the beginning of the crop cycle). A randomized block design, in which the first factor refers to cultivation systems (single sorghum, sorghum cultivated in Gliricidia alleys, and sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys) and the second factor refers to mineral fertilization (presence and absence of fertilization), in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was used. The leguminous plants were cut, and the residues were deposited in the alleys. The cultivation in alleys without mineral fertilization increased total forage biomass when compared to the single crop cultivation. Cultivation in Leucaena alleys showed a higher leaf content of nitrogen (N) when compared to the single crop, both in the presence and absence of mineral fertilization. In the double crop, sorghum cultivated in Leucaena alleys without fertilization presented a higher forage yield (up to 67%) when compared to the single crop system. However, there was no difference in yield when mineral fertilization was applied to the treatments. Overall, the alley crops were able to increase the morphological (plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), panicle diameter (PD), and panicle length (PL) and yield (leaf dry mass (LDM), stem dry mass (SDM), total green mass (TGM), and total dry mass TDM) variables of the crop, improving the productivity of forage sorghum.

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Mantino, Alberto, Iride Volpi, Martina Micci, Giovanni Pecchioni, Simona Bosco, Federico Dragoni, Marcello Mele e Giorgio Ragaglini. "Effect of Tree Presence and Soil Characteristics on Soybean Yield and Quality in an Innovative Alley-Cropping System". Agronomy 10, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010052.

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Agroforestry is indicated as a farming practice suited to enhance ecosystem services generated by cropping systems. However, farmers are often reluctant to implement agroforestry systems due to the potential yield loss of crops. In a field trial, soybean was intercropped with poplar short-rotation-coppice rows in an alley-cropping system with 13.5 m wide alleys, in order to assess the effect of tree presence on soybean yield and quality. The light availability (LA) was significantly affected by the tree presence, with an increasing effect along the season due to tree growth, being at its lowest in the tree–crop interface positions (West and East). Significant effects of the tree-distance and LA were registered on soybean yield, with the highest reduction of soybean yield in the West (−78%) and East (−35%) positions. Crude fat content in soybean grain did not vary among positions in the alley, while crude protein content was the lowest in the most shaded position (West −8% than the highest value). The assessment of spatial variability among plots of measured soil characteristics highlighted no significant effect of pedological conditions upon soybean yield. Thus, in our study, the LA effect was more important than soil characteristics in determining a detrimental effect of competition for resources between soybean and poplar. Conversely, soybean quality was affected by soil characteristics, since crude fat significantly correlated with soil nutrients, pH, soil organic matter and soil texture.

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Wang, Weixia, Joachim Ingwersen, Guang Yang, Zhenxi Wang e Aliya Alimu. "Effects of Farmland Conversion to Orchard or Agroforestry on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions in an Arid Desert Oasis Area". Forests 13, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2022): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020181.

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In southern Xinjiang province, northwest China, farmland is undergoing rapid conversion to orchards or agroforestry. This has improved land-use efficiency but has also caused drastic ecological changes in this region. This study investigated the effects of farmland conversion to orchard or agroforestry on soil total organic carbon (TOC) and several soil labile fractions: readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Soil samples were collected from seven cropping treatments: a monocultured wheat field (Mono), a 5-year-old jujube orchard (5 J), a 5-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (5 JW), a 10-year-old jujube orchard (10 J), a 10-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (10 JW), a 15-year-old jujube orchard (15 J), and a 15-year-old jujube/wheat alley cropping system (15 JW). The results show that the ROC concentrations varied from 0.17 ± 0.09 g/kg to 2.35 ± 0.05 g/kg across all land-use types and soil depths studied. It was higher in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm layers of treatment 10 JW than in other treatments and significantly greater than in the Mono treatment. The highest value of DOC was reached at 593.04 mg/kg in the 15 JW treatment at 0–10 cm. Labile organic carbon decreased with increasing depth in all treatments. The proportion of ROC and LFOC to TOC decreased with increasing soil depth. In all treatments, the ratio of DOC to TOC generally decreased initially and then increased again with increasing depth. Correlation analysis showed that ROC, LFOC, and DOC were closely correlated with TOC (p < 0.01). The ROC, LFOC, and DOC concentrations were significantly correlated with each other (p < 0.01). Following conversion of farmland to jujube orchard or agroforestry, the content and activity of soil organic carbon tended to increase due to augmentation of plant residues. Thus, jujube orchards and agroforestry systems are effective methods to restore soil organic carbon.

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Matta‐Machado, R. P., C. L. Neely e M. L. Cabrera. "Plant residue decomposition and nitrogen dynamics in an alley cropping and an annual legume‐based cropping system". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 25, n. 19-20 (dicembre 1994): 3365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629409369270.

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Naharuddin, Naharuddin. "Sistem Pertanian Konservasi Pola Agroforestri dan Hubungannya dengan Tingkat Erosi di Wilayah Sub-DAS Wuno, Das Palu, Sulawesi Tengah". Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan 6, n. 3 (31 dicembre 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jwl.6.3.183-192.

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The upstream part of Wuno Subwatershed in Palu Watershed experiences massive land use change exploitation, causing erosion impact increasingly. An alternative way for reduce the erosion level is by applying conservation farming system. This research aims to examine the conservation farming system with GIS-based agroforestry pattern and its effects to the erosion level reduction perceived by the community living in the Wuno Subwatershed. The method used is image interpretation and field survey to obtain data directly on an object using GPS.The results show that there are four agroforestry patterns in Wuno subwatershed, that is, trees along border, alternate rows, alley cropping and random mixture. The highest erosion level shown by the alley cropping pattern at 5.17 grams/ha and the lowest is trees along border at 0.47 grams/ha, all compared to the total rainfall level of 493.6 mm. The canopy cover of the agroforestry pattern influences the erosion level occurs.

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Bardhan, Sougata, Shibu Jose, Ranjith P. Udawatta e Felix Fritschi. "Microbial community diversity in a 21-year-old temperate alley cropping system". Agroforestry Systems 87, n. 5 (16 aprile 2013): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9617-x.

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Lamerre, Justine, Kai-Uwe Schwarz, Maren Langhof, Georg von Wühlisch e Jörg-Michael Greef. "Productivity of poplar short rotation coppice in an alley-cropping agroforestry system". Agroforestry Systems 89, n. 5 (1 luglio 2015): 933–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9825-7.

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Molina-Cuaichar, Daniel A., Angélica S. Moreno-Muñoz, Ivan F. Benavides-Martinez, Jorge F. Navia-Estrada e Jairo H. Mosquera-Guerrero. "Evaluation of physical and chemical soil properties under different management types in the south-western Colombian Andes". Forest Systems 30, n. 2 (28 maggio 2021): e005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2021302-17408.

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Aim of study: Evaluating the variability of physical and chemical soil properties under different soil uses in an experimental farmland of the southwestern Colombian Andes.Area of study: This research was conducted at the Botana Experimental Farm in the mountainous area of Nariño, at the south-western Colombia.Material and methods: nine soil variables were measured under six soil uses which included traditional agriculture, agroforestry systems, and a 67-year-old secondary forest that was used as a reference for comparisons with other soil uses. Data was analyzed through Principal Component Analysis and Duncan’s tests.Main results: organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, clay contents and base saturation were the variables with higher variability among soil uses. The secondary forest and an agroforestry system with alley-cropped wax laurel showed the best soil conditions, whilst pastures and monoculture potato crop plots showed the least desirable conditions for all variables.Research highlights: We found that soils under alley-crop with wax laurel presented the characteristics most similar to the secondary forest. Conversely, soils under alley-crop with alder resembled the soils under intensive management (pasture and potato monocrop); which is related to the inadequate management of this agroforestry systems, provoking that the woody component does not accomplish its goal when implemented.Keywords: soil; agroforestry systems; Andes; forest.Abbreviations used: ACAL, Alley cropping of Alder Trees, ACWL; Alley cropping of Wax Laurel; AFS, agroforestry systems; AWC, available water capacity; BD, Bulk Density; BS, Base saturation; CEC, Cation Exchange Capacity; CLA, Clay; CI, Confidence Intervals, INF, Infiltration; ANOVA, Analysis of Variance; OC, Soil Organic Carbon; PAST, Pasture; PCA, Principal Component Analysis; PC, Principal Component; POCR, Potato Crop; POR, Soil Porosity; SCAL, Scattered Alder Trees; SEFO, Secondary Forest; SU, soil uses; AU, Animal unit.

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FAGBOLA, O., O. OSONUBI e K. MULONGOY. "Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and hedgerow trees to the yield and nutrient uptake of cassava in an alley-cropping system". Journal of Agricultural Science 131, n. 1 (agosto 1998): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698005516.

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A field trial on alley-cropping was conducted at the University of Ibadan research farm in the 1990/91 cropping season to assess the contributions of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and hedgerow woody legumes to the yield and nutrient uptake of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an intercrop in an infertile soil. The trial also investigated the influence of AM fungi on the interplanting of a non-nodulating woody legume Senna siamea (syn. Cassia siamea) with a nodulating woody legume (Leucaena leucocephala).AM contributions to cassava were greater than the hedgerow contributions, which demonstrated that AM associations are an essential component in the nutrition of cassava. In contrast to cassava, AM inoculation only influenced the leaf dry weight and uptake of nutrients of non-interplanted woody legumes but not the above-ground biomass and P uptake of interplanted woody legumes. However, non-inoculated interplanted Leucaena benefited more from indigenous AM fungi than the competing Senna. The negative contributions to the nutrient uptake (K, Ca and Mg) of cassava by hedgerows and the lack of response to AM inoculation in interplanted hedgerow woody legumes could be attributed to root competition among the different plant species growing in close proximity to each other. The present results show that cassava benefits more from AM association than Leucaena which in turn benefits more than Senna in an alley-cropping system.

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Asawalam, D. O. "Influence of cropping intensity on the production and properties of earthworm casts in a leucaena alley cropping system". Biology and Fertility of Soils 42, n. 6 (4 novembre 2005): 506–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-005-0044-7.

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Beer, Lara, e Ludwig Theuvsen. "Factors influencing German farmer’s decision to grow alley cropping systems as ecological focus areas: a regression analysis". International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, n. 4 (5 novembre 2020): 529–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0008.

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The cultivation of alley cropping agricultural wood is an opportunity to comply with the greening requirements of the common agricultural policy (CAP; 2014-2020), but farmers are not permitted to display the whole alley cropping system (ACS) as ecological focus area (EFA) in Germany. They can display the agricultural wood stripes separately as EFA instead. The willingness of farmers is of key importance for a successful establishment, but, so far, the acceptance of this greening measure is extremely low. The aim of this paper is therefore to point out factors which have linkages to the acceptance of ACS as EFAs by conducting an online survey among German conventional farmers. The results of the regression analysis show that factors such as attitude towards agricultural wood, level of professional education, location and social environment affect the acceptance of ACS as EFA. To conclude, starting points that promote this type of greening measure are identified.

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Lefroy, E. C., R. J. Stirzaker e J. S. Pate. "The influence of tagasaste (Chamaecytisus proliferus Link.) trees on the water balance of an alley cropping system on deep sand in south-western Australia". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 52, n. 2 (2001): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar00035.

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Components of the water balance of an alley cropping system were measured to assess the extent to which tree rows 30 m apart with access to a fresh, perched watertable at 5 m depth were able to capture deep drainage from an inter-cropped cereal–legume rotation. Neutron probe data showed that the 4-year-old trees, cut back to 0.6-m high at the beginning of the experiment, depleted soil water to 2, 4, and 8 m laterally from the tree rows in their first, second, and third years of coppice regrowth, respectively. Combining data from soil water depletion in summer and comparisons of deuterium: hydrogen ratios of groundwater, xylem sap of trees, and herbaceous plants, it was shown that tagasaste trees drew on soil water for 80% of their transpiration in the first winter and 40% in the second, while switching to near total dependence on groundwater each summer and early autumn. Tree water use on a whole plot basis was 170 mm in 1997 (68% from groundwater) v. 167 mm in 1998 (73% from groundwater). Recharge to the perched watertable was estimated to be 193 mm under sole crop in 1998 (52% of rainfall), reducing to 32 mm when uptake of groundwater by trees was included. The degree of complementarity between tagasaste trees and crops in alley cropping used for water management is quantified for 1998 by calculating the ratio of the distance over which trees reduced drainage to zero to the distance over which they reduced crop yield to zero. It is concluded that segregated monocultures of trees and crops would be a more appropriate strategy than a closely integrated system such as alley cropping in this case.

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Kovács, Klaudia, e Andrea Vityi. "Soil and Atmospheric Microclimate Research in Poplar Forestry Intercropping System in Hungary". Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 18, n. 1 (2022): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37045/aslh-2022-0001.

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Climate change presents growing environmental, economic, and social problems for the industrializing and developing world. Applying new technologies and transitioning to a cleaner, more flexible economy are essential to solving these problems. These solutions focus on climate change mitigation and work toward a complete transformation in line with sustainable development goals. Agroforestry systems are used for climate change adaptation and to support biodiversity. They also help combat desertification and soil erosion. Practical experiences show that applying forestry alley cropping systems can contribute to the climate adaptation of young forest stocks. The present study examined a historical forestry intercropping method known as Vákáncsos following the effects of microclimate stress on poplar seedlings (Populus × euramericana cv. I-214). This study investigated the background of previous observations concerning the practice of using intermediate crops in forest conditions – and the favorable results from these – and compared the stress effects on seedlings. When assessing the microclimate of the system, we used the EC tester (EC–electrical conductivity) to measure soil temperature and conductivity. We employed an agrometeorological hand-held instrument to measure air temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The results show that the agroforestry system significantly reduces temperature extremes and provides more favorable humidity. The agroforestry system reduced soil temperature values by 1–14 Co in the warmest period of the year. Experience and measurements indicate that the applied agroforestry practice can increase stress tolerance, afforestation efficiency, land use maximization, and profitability. Applied agroforestry can also serve other purposes like ecosystem services and feeding. Forestry alley cropping systems can be combined with resource efficiency.

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Beule, Lukas, e Petr Karlovsky. "Tree rows in temperate agroforestry croplands alter the composition of soil bacterial communities". PLOS ONE 16, n. 2 (10 febbraio 2021): e0246919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246919.

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Background Tree-based intercropping (agroforestry) has been advocated to reduce adverse environmental impacts of conventional arable cropping. Modern agroforestry systems in the temperate zone are alley-cropping systems that combine rows of fast-growing trees with rows of arable crops. Soil microbial communities in these systems have been investigated intensively; however, molecular studies with high taxonomical resolution are scarce. Methods Here, we assessed the effect of temperate agroforestry on the abundance, diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities at three paired poplar-based alley cropping and conventional monoculture cropland systems using real-time PCR and Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Two of the three systems grew summer barley (Hordeum vulgare); one system grew maize (Zea mays) in the sampling year. To capture the spatial heterogeneity induced by the tree rows, soil samples in the agroforestry systems were collected along transects spanning from the centre of the tree rows to the centre of the agroforestry crop rows. Results Tree rows of temperate agroforestry systems increased the abundance of soil bacteria while their alpha diversity remained largely unaffected. The composition of the bacterial communities in tree rows differed from those in arable land (crop rows of the agroforestry systems and conventional monoculture croplands). Several bacterial groups in soil showed strong association with either tree rows or arable land, revealing that the introduction of trees into arable land through agroforestry is accompanied by the introduction of a tree row-associated microbiome. Conclusion The presence of tree row-associated bacteria in agroforestry increases the overall microbial diversity of the system. We speculate that the increase in biodiversity is accompanied by functional diversification. Differences in plant-derived nutrients (root exudates and tree litter) and management practices (fertilization and tillage) likely account for the differences between bacterial communities of tree rows and arable land in agroforestry systems.

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Udawatta, Ranjith P., Robert J. Kremer, Kelly A. Nelson, Shibu Jose e Sougata Bardhan. "Soil Quality of a Mature Alley Cropping Agroforestry System in Temperate North America". Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 45, n. 19 (25 settembre 2014): 2539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2014.932376.

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Imo, Moses, e Victor R. Timmer. "Vector competition analysis of a Leucaena–maize alley cropping system in western Kenya". Forest Ecology and Management 126, n. 2 (febbraio 2000): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00091-2.

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Quinkenstein, Ansgar, Jens Wöllecke, Christian Böhm, Holger Grünewald, Dirk Freese, Bernd Uwe Schneider e Reinhard F. Hüttl. "Ecological benefits of the alley cropping agroforestry system in sensitive regions of Europe". Environmental Science & Policy 12, n. 8 (dicembre 2009): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2009.08.008.

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Inurreta-Aguirre, Héctor Daniel, Pierre-Éric Lauri, Christian Dupraz e Marie Gosme. "Yield components and phenology of durum wheat in a Mediterranean alley-cropping system". Agroforestry Systems 92, n. 4 (29 gennaio 2018): 961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0201-2.

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KARMAWATI, ELNA, SAHARMAN DAMANIK e Mukhasim. "PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA LORONG BERBASIS TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DI DATARAN TINGGI SEKITAR DANAU TOBA". Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, n. 3 (15 luglio 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.83-90.

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Penelitian budidaya lorong bcrbasis tanaman perkebunan di sekitar Danau Toba telah dilaksanakan di kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara dai bulan November 1999 - Januari 2002. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unluk (I) mengidenlifikasi potensi dan peluang pengembangan tanaman perkebunan dan (2) memperoleh model usahatani yang layak dikembangkan pada daerah dataran tinggi sekitar Danau Coba Pcnarikan contoh acak secara berlapis dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer dan petani/kelompok tani dan pedagang pcngumpul. I.apis pertama adalah kabupaten, kedua kecamatan dan ketiga adalah desa. Data sckundcr diperoleh dari instansi terkait yaitu UPS, Dinas Perkebunan lingkat propinsi dan kabupaten, BPN, I3PTP Gcdong Johor, BPK Ack Nauli dan kantor kecamatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang Iclah dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Danau Toba dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dari keadaan lahan dan iklim, sarana dan prasarana, kcragaan usahatani serta pemasaran. tanaman perkebunan berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di dalaran tinggi Danau Toba. Model yang dipilih dalam penerapan tanaman perkebunan dan tanaman pangarvhortikullura adalah model yang dapal mclcstarikan sumberdaya lahan, menccgah erosi dan memberikan nilai tambah kepada petani. Model tersebut adalah budidaya lorong dengan tanaman kopi yang ditanam segitiga sebagai pembentuk lorong dan baricr penahan erosi Diantara lorong ditanam tanaman jahe dan tanaman cabai merah secara tumpang gilir, dengan nilai BCR antara 1.07 -1.25. Pcngurangan laju erosi dengan penanaman kopi mencapai 30-44%.Kata kunci : Coffeae sp, Zingiber oicinale, potensi, peluang, Danau Toba, sumberdaya lahan, erosi, budidaya lorong, dalaran tinggi ABSTRACT Development of estate crop based alley cropping in the area of Toba LakeAlley cropping research on estate crops in area of Toba I ,ake was carried oul in Simalungun, North Sumatera from November 1999 to January 2002 The objectives were (1) to identify the polcncy and probability to develop estate crops and (2) lo obtain farming system model which are feasible to develop. Purposive stratified Random Sampling had been conducted lo obtain pimary data from farmers/farmers group and traders. The irst level was regency, the second sub distict and the third was village. Secondary data were obtained from related institution Based on the condition of soil and climate, facility, farming system performance and marketing. It could be concluded that estate crops had polcncy lo develop in upland area of Toba Lake. The model Uiat had to be selected was a model that could preserve land resource, prevent erosion, and increase farmers' income. The model was alley cropping based on triangle-planted coffee as erosion barrier. Ginger and red pepper were planted rotation between alleys. The value of BCR was 1.07 -1 25. The erotion rate decreased about 30-44%.Key words : Cofeae sp, Zingiber oficinale, potency, probability, Toba Lake, erosion, alley cropping, upland

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Danjuma, M. N., S. Mohammed e M. Z. Karkarna. "Farmers’ Participation in Agroforestry System in Northwestern Nigeria". October 2018 2, n. 2 (ottobre 2018): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2018.02.0093.

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The aim of this study is to assess agroforestry practices in Northwestern Nigeria with a view to bringing to light some salient features of the system for maximising benefits and improving livelihoods of smallholder farmers in the study area. A total of one hundred and sixty six smallholder farmers were sampled using random technique from five hundred and fifty farmers’ listed by the contact forum in the study area. Questionnaire was administered to the one hundred and sixty six smallholder farmers with a view to examining the level of farmers’ participation in agroforestry in six villages namely Kabobi and Garki in Katsina State, Bulangu and Abonabo in Jigawa State, Bobo in Zamfara State and Gulma in Kebbi State. Interview was also conducted with ten farmers in Bulangu, Kabobi and Gulma to provide explanations on the limitation to acceptance of agroforestry innovations in the study area. Data collected with the questionnaire was analysed using simple percentage and frequency in order to measure dispersion among sampled farmers. Data collected from the interview was coded, transcribed and presented in textual form in the paper. Result of the study revealed that seven agroforestry systems (alley cropping, boarder line planting, scattered planting, woodlot, apiculture, orchard and home garden) were practiced in the area. Orchard and home garden were not practiced in Kabobi, the northern most of the villages. It also indicated farmers’ level of participation for the seven identified technologies as follows: Alley cropping (25.63%), boarder line planting (16.25%), scattered trees on farmland (36.25%), woodlot (1.25%), orchard (1.88%), apiculture (8.75%) and home gardens (10.00%). The key factors limiting acceptance of innovations include: l) lack of tree seedling (25.00%), land tenure issues (17.50%), long tree gestation period of indigenous species (50.63%) and insect attack (06.88%). This study recommended that farmers should be educated more on agroforestry technologies through mass media programmes and ICT.

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Barbosa, Gedimar Pereira, Vlamir José Rocha, Helen Regina da Silva Rossi e Margareth Lumy Sekiama. "Bat assemblage in agricultural landscapes: comparison between native forest fragment and alley cropping system". Revista Cincia, Tecnologia & Ambiente 7, n. 1 (2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2359-6643.07107.

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., M. A. Haque, M. I. Ali . e M. K. Khan . "Effect of Tree Prunings on Soil Fertility and Crop Yield in Alley Cropping System". Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 4, n. 6 (15 maggio 2001): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2001.647.650.

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Dufour, Lydie, Marie Gosme, Jimmy Le Bec e Christian Dupraz. "Does pollarding trees improve the crop yield in a mature alley‐cropping agroforestry system?" Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206, n. 5 (31 marzo 2020): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jac.12403.

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O’Brien, Peter L., Andrew L. Thomas, Thomas J. Sauer e David K. Brauer. "Foliar nutrient concentrations of three economically important tree species in an alley-cropping system". Journal of Plant Nutrition 43, n. 17 (24 giugno 2020): 2557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2020.1783303.

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Seiter, Stefan, Elaine R. Ingham e Ray D. William. "Dynamics of soil fungal and bacterial biomass in a temperate climate alley cropping system". Applied Soil Ecology 12, n. 2 (maggio 1999): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1393(98)00163-2.

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Boinot, Sébastien, Delphine Mézière, Jouanel Poulmarc'h, Alexis Saintilan, Pierre-Eric Lauri e Jean-Pierre Sarthou. "Promoting generalist predators of crop pests in alley cropping agroforestry fields: Farming system matters". Ecological Engineering 158 (dicembre 2020): 106041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.106041.

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