Tesi sul tema "Aliments – Teneur en polyphénols"
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Martin, Marie. "Effet d'une combinaison d'extraits végétaux et d'oméga-3 sur les processus biologiques impliqués dans le déclin cognitif lié à l 'âge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0438.
Testo completoPopulation’s aging represents one of the world's greatest economic, societal and public healthchallenges. By 2050, more than a billion people worldwide will be aged 60 or over, making it all the moreimportant to age well. In this context, age-related cognitive decline, characteristic of aging, is a criticalfactor to be considered in order to improve the quality of life of the elderly and prevent loss of autonomy.One promising approach is to propose nutritional strategies. Among existing bioactive nutrients,polyphenols from berries (grapes, blueberries), saffron compounds and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFAs) from fish are recognized for their beneficial properties on memory functions.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of these nutrients in preventingage-related cognitive decline, and to understand the neurobiological mechanisms involved. We targetedthe hippocampus, a key brain structure involved in memory processes and particularly impaired duringaging. Our main results showed that a combination of berry polyphenols, saffron compounds and n-3PUFA extracts in aged mice effectively prevented both short- and long-term memory impairment. Theseresults were associated with improved neuronal plasticity and neurogenesis, including an increase inDCX, a marker of immature neurons, and up-regulation of signalling pathways involved in synapticdevelopment and function. These beneficial effects can be explained by the modulation of several keybiological processes.Indeed, the nutrient combination showed a powerful anti-inflammatory effect by regulatinginflammatory lipid mediators, notably pro-resolving oxylipins (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA, 14-HDHA) in adultmice during of acute inflammation, and by inhibiting inflammation-related signaling pathways in agedmice during of chronic inflammation. In addition, it limited oxidation by increasing the expression ofantioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in adult mice inresponse to acute inflammation or treatment inducing accelerated aging, and by inhibiting oxidativestress-related signalling pathways in aged mice. We also demonstrated that the gut microbiota may playan important role in these effects via the gut-brain axis. In particular, we have demonstrated an increasein bacteria favorable to cognitive health, and a decrease in those associated with inflammation andmemory impairment. Finally, this work has enabled us to identify a pool of genes whose expression wasincreased during aging in the hippocampus and was negatively correlated with cognitive performance.These genes could serve as biomarkers of cognitive decline. Interestingly, their expression wasdiminished by the combination of nutrients. Thus, our study demonstrates that the combination of berry polyphenols, bioactive saffroncompounds and fish n-3 PUFAs prevents memory impairment by acting on various major neurobiologicalprocesses of aging. This multi-targeted nutritional approach has great potential for preventing agerelatedcognitive decline and promoting healthy aging. These results pave the way for new nutritionbasedpreventive strategies to combat the effects of cerebral aging
Garaudée, Sandrine. "Polyphénols : propriétés de complexation et activité antioxydante". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13005.
Testo completoThis phd manuscript presents an original and highly collaborative research work on norbadione a, a fungal pigment which was isolated from pisolithus arhizus. This study was undertaken in order to gain insight into complexation, exchange and accumulation of radionuclides (137cs) or heavy metals (cd(ii), ni(ii), pb(ii)). This subject required interdisciplinary expertise (mycology, natural products extraction and characterisation, organic traces analysis, physicochemistry) and was using the most recent developments of analytical methods (spectrophotometry, nmr, mass spectrometry, potentiometry, cyclic voltammetry). Our results were published in chemical communications, highlighted in nature and emphasised in different press articles (l'express, the guardian,. . . ). Our results revealed that in the p[h] range (between 6. 0 and 6. 5) which is typical for mushrooms, the major species of free norbadione a is the dienolate form. We showed that norbadione a was able to accumulate monovalent cations (cs+, k+, tl(i)) due to allosteric properties which favors the formation of bimetallic complexes. On the other hand, norbadione a forms mononuclear complexes with heavy metals like cd(ii), ni(ii) and pb(ii), the corresponding dinuclear analogs being less stable for electrostatic reasons. The natural dipotassic norbadione a complex exchanges its potassium cations with caesium or thallium(i), as shown by electrospray mass spectrometry. Finally, we determined for norbadione a an antiradicalar power comparable with that of the most abundant polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables and a moderate antioxidant activity
Raynal, José. "Modifications structurales et biochimiques de la prune d'Ente au début du séchage". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT008A.
Testo completoKouame, Bosson Antoine. "Impact santé des procédés de préparation des aliments riches en polyphénols : chocolat, vin, thé, …". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON13518.
Testo completoWe isolated, identified the epicatechin, the catechin, dimers B2 and B5 of the cocoa, in order to study their properties on the cancerous cells T47D. These compounds are potential agonists of membrane androgen receptors and could be used as testosterone-protein conjugates for the management of tumors, in which, application of testosterone-BSA induces regression. We determined the presence in chocolate of chiral compounds as: (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, dimers B2 and B5. The hemi synthesis of monomers from cocoa gave the following enantiomers: (+)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin. The rearrangement of the dimer B2 give: epicatechin, (-)-catechin and the 8,9- cis-9-14-trans-3,4,9,1O-tetrahydro-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-h]chromene, of which results on the cancerous cells U266, K562, THP1 and Rajis, are very near of those of the resveratrol. We can say that it could have a biologic interest of the industrial treatments of the chocolate for the consumer
Cabanis, Marie-Thérèse. "Contribution a l'étude du dosage des éléments traces dans les aliments par absorption atomique sans flamme : cas particulier du cadmium". Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13507.
Testo completoLaberge-Carignan, Audrey, e Audrey Laberge-Carignan. "Élaboration d'une stratégie analytique de dissolution du Hg et du Pb dans les aliments sur le terrain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38101.
Testo completoLa nourriture issue de la chasse ou de la pêche comporte plusieurs nutriments essentiels à une bonne santé. Toutefois ces aliments peuvent aussi contenir des concentrations importantes en contaminants tel que le mercure et le plomb, qui posent un risque pour la santé. Pour guider les communautés qui basent leur alimentation sur la chasse ou la pêche, l’objectif global du projet est de développer une plateforme analytique permettant le suivi de la qualité alimentaire dans les environnements nordiques. Pour ce faire, une stratégie analytique de dissolution de la chair animale pouvant être employée à l’extérieur d’un laboratoire par des non scientifiques a été mise en place. Cette stratégie comporte l’échantillonnage, la mise en solution de la chair et la séparation des analytes pour effectuer leur analyse ainsi que le changement de matrice, en plus de la détection et de la quantification des analytes par fluorimétrie. Toutefois, puisque les systèmes de détection visés pour la plateforme sont en développement, une méthode de quantification du plomb et du mercure par ICP-MS/MS a aussi été développée. Cette stratégie analytique a été élaborée pour l’analyse de l’omble chevalier, un poisson consommé à l’année dans certaines communautés nordiques dans lequel les concentrations en contaminants sont très variables. Le processus analytique, de l’échantillonnage à l’obtention d’une solution mono élémentaire en passant par l’analyse ICP-MS/MS et la dissolution de la chair d’omble chevalier, sera décrit dans ce mémoire.
Fish and game meat contain different essential nutriments for a good health. However, it can also contain contaminants, such as mercury and lead, that pose a health risk. To guide the communities that base their diet on hunting or fishing, the main objective of the project is to develop a portable analytical platform that allows the monitoring of contamination by heavy metals of country food on the field. To this end, an analytical strategy for the dissolution of food flesh that can be deployed outside of the laboratory and used by non-scientists has been established. This strategy includes sampling, flesh dissolution, analyte separation and matrix exchange for the analysis in addition to fluorimetric detection and quantitation of the analytes. Since the quantification system for this platform is still under development, we therefore developed an ICP-MS/MS method to quantify lead and mercury in our food extracts. This method was developed to analyze arctic char, a fish consumed all year long in some northern communities and in which the contamination level can vary significantly. The analytical process from sampling to monoelemental analysis by ICP-MS/MS will be discussed in this document.
Fish and game meat contain different essential nutriments for a good health. However, it can also contain contaminants, such as mercury and lead, that pose a health risk. To guide the communities that base their diet on hunting or fishing, the main objective of the project is to develop a portable analytical platform that allows the monitoring of contamination by heavy metals of country food on the field. To this end, an analytical strategy for the dissolution of food flesh that can be deployed outside of the laboratory and used by non-scientists has been established. This strategy includes sampling, flesh dissolution, analyte separation and matrix exchange for the analysis in addition to fluorimetric detection and quantitation of the analytes. Since the quantification system for this platform is still under development, we therefore developed an ICP-MS/MS method to quantify lead and mercury in our food extracts. This method was developed to analyze arctic char, a fish consumed all year long in some northern communities and in which the contamination level can vary significantly. The analytical process from sampling to monoelemental analysis by ICP-MS/MS will be discussed in this document.
Harfouch, Muhssen. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des phénomènes de diffusion et de modification de texture des fromages de type Feta conservés en saumure". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL090N.
Testo completoJoannis, Claire. "Médicaments et leurs résidus dans les aliments". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P206.
Testo completoNasreddine, Lara. "Nouvelles données en sécurité sanitaire des aliments au Liban : Définition du panier de la ménagère Beyrouthin : Evaluation de la contamination des aliments en radionucléides : Evaluation de l'exposition aux métaux lourds par voie alimentaire". Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2010.
Testo completoThe present study is the first in Lebanon to evaluate, by the market basket approach, the contamination of foods by radionuclides and heavy metals and the dietary exposure of the Lebanese population to the heavy metals Pb, Cd and Hg. An individual dietary survey has been realized on 444 adult individuals living in Beirut. Food consumption data were collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The market basket was identified by selecting those foods with a mean daily intake exceeding 1g/day. The contamination levels of the selected foods with heavy metals and radionuclides were assessed. The results show that the level of radioactivity of the analyzed food does not present any concern for public health. The average dietary exposure of the average individual to Pb, Cd, and Hg corresponds to 7,17 and 6 % of the respective PTWIs. This permits to conclude that, for the average individual, there is no risk of exceeding the PTWIs
Laberge-Carignan, Audrey. "Élaboration d'une stratégie analytique de dissolution du Hg et du Pb dans les aliments sur le terrain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38101.
Testo completoFish and game meat contain different essential nutriments for a good health. However, it can also contain contaminants, such as mercury and lead, that pose a health risk. To guide the communities that base their diet on hunting or fishing, the main objective of the project is to develop a portable analytical platform that allows the monitoring of contamination by heavy metals of country food on the field. To this end, an analytical strategy for the dissolution of food flesh that can be deployed outside of the laboratory and used by non-scientists has been established. This strategy includes sampling, flesh dissolution, analyte separation and matrix exchange for the analysis in addition to fluorimetric detection and quantitation of the analytes. Since the quantification system for this platform is still under development, we therefore developed an ICP-MS/MS method to quantify lead and mercury in our food extracts. This method was developed to analyze arctic char, a fish consumed all year long in some northern communities and in which the contamination level can vary significantly. The analytical process from sampling to monoelemental analysis by ICP-MS/MS will be discussed in this document.
Chandrasekaran, Vigna Nivetha. "Development and characterisation of starch and polyphenols for functional enhancement in high value food products from lontan vegetables". Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0023.
Testo completoRoots and Tuber crops plays an eminent, countless and complex part in feeding the world. These crops have the potential to eradicate poverty and improve food security. Starch is the principal component of roots and tuber crops. The significance of starch as a raw material in both food and non-food industries are increasing. In present study efficiency of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) to increase the yield of starch and polyphenols from lontan (Canna and Cassava) crops were analysed along with its influence on the physiochemical properties of extracted compounds. Extraction parameters (Temperature, time, solid: liquid ratio) were optimized through Box Behnken response surface design (BBD). Physiochemical and functional properties of starch and polyphenols were investigated through SEM, swelling and solubility index, oil and water absorption index, Total polyphenol yield, DPPH and ORAC assay. Starch yield obtained from canna and cassava at the optimum extraction conditions (Canna: temperature 40°C, time 10 min, solid: liquid ratio 1:30 g/ml; Cassava: temperature 40°C, time 10 min, solid: liquid ratio 1:25 g/ml) were 19.81% and 16.51% respectively. Obtained starch yield was found to be significantly higher than the yield attained through conventional extraction method without any significant or adverse changes in the physicochemical and functional properties. Total polyphenol yield from canna and cassava rhizome was 1061.72 mg GAE/&100g and 7644.46 mg GAE/&100g respectively. Total polyphenol yield obtained through UAE was found to be significantly higher than conventional method. Antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds analysed through DPPH and ORAC was found to be directly proportional to the attained polyphenol yield. From the obtained results it can be observed that UAE has the efficiency to increase the yield of starch and polyphenols without altering the properties of isolated compounds
Payet, Bertrand Joseph. "Valorisation des produits sucriers de la Réunion : recherche de compléments alimentaires à activité antioxydante". La Réunion, 2005. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/05_22_Payet.pdf.
Testo completoThe research in cane sugar by-products (molasses, syrup,juices) of food supplements with potential antioxidant properties was performed in order to valorize them. The nutraceutical concept, plausible mechanisms of oxidation, action means of antioxidant compounds and their different classes were presented before an overview of sugar products from Reunion Island. Quantification of phenolic compounds showed a progressive increase of the phenolic content in the by-products during the sugar fabrication process. In addition, many phenolic and aromatic compounds were identified in seven brown sugars (Reunion, Mauritius, France). Results of antioxidant assays on the sugar products established the increase of the activity during the sugar process. In addition, the seven cane brown sugars exhibited a moderate free radical scavenging capacity. Statistical data analyses performed on these sugar products pointed out the correlation between the increase of the phenolic content and the concomitant increase of the free radical scavenging activity. Statistical data analyses on the brown sugars showed that, besides their specificity (colour, aroma. . . . ), their origin is also a contributive factor to their aromatic composition, as well as the nature of the raw material (sugar cane) and the sugar fabrication technique (specificity of the factories). The results ascertained the possible valorization of sugar cane by-products as aromatic and colouring ingredient in new formulas (butter cakes, sweet buns, vanilla ice creams), therefore demonstrating the attractive properties (aromatic, gustative, functional) of the molasses. The achievement of this work was performed by mean of the following analytical techniques: measurement of polyphenols according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, microplate reader with an ultraviolet spectrophotometry detector. Désoxyribose, ABTS, DPPH, β-carotène antioxidant and free radical scavenging assays were also performed. For the statistical analyses, experimental data was processed with PCA and FDA
Mével, Elsa. "Utilisation des procyanidines et de l'hydroxytyrosol dans la prévention nutritionnelle de l'arthrose". Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=9d53e61d-9be9-466b-9e06-0c48dc845465.
Testo completoOsteoarthritis (OA) is a major health concern that affects a growing part of the aging population. Nowadays, among differents existing therapeutic strategies, none of them is able to treat the origin of the disease. The mechanisms leading to inflammation and cartilage breakdown are well understood and allow defining an etiologic and not only symptomatic patient care. The nutraceutical use in prevention of OA seems to be an interesting strategy. In this way, our study was focused on the development of preventive strategy of OA by using hydroxytyrosol and/or procyanidines which were extracted from olive and grape for a translational approach. We showed that these molecules had a protective effect on the production of inflammatory and catabolic markers on l'IL-1ß treatment on freshly isolated cells and in cartilage explants. Our work has also demonstrated that the extracts are bioavailable after oral administration and conserved their chondroprotective effect in rabbit and dog. Finally, our study underlined a nutritional prevention with hydroxytyrosol and/or procyanidines on surgically induced osteoarthritis in mice and rabbit. Altogether, these results offered promising alternatives in the design of new strategy in nutraceutical management of OA
Gobet, Mallory. "Etude par spectroscopies de RMN 23Na , 31P et 1H : effets de la teneur en sel (NaCl) dans des matrices alimentaires". Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOS063.
Testo completoThe reduction of salt (NaCl) content in food has become a matter of public health. However, the multiple functions of salt in food make the reduction of its content difficult. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the applicability of NMR innovative techniques in order to characterise the mobility of sodium ions (distinction between ‘free’ and ‘bound’ sodium), to bring a better understanding of the role of salt in the organisation of the food matrix (in particular phosphorous molecules in dairy systems) and to study impact of salt on the mobility of aroma compounds. In a first step, the 23Na NMR study of iota-carrageenan gels validated the quantification of total sodium (Single-Quantum, SQ experiment) and also demonstrated the involvement of ‘bound’ sodium ions in the gelation process of this polysaccharide (Double-Quantum Filtered, DQF experiment). The diffusion of aroma compounds in these systems was measured by 1H DOSY NMR, but no specific impact of salt was evidenced. The second step was dedicated to study dairy systems and semi-hard cheeses by 23Na NMR and solid-state 31P NMR using the magic angle spinning (MAS) technique. We demonstrated the feasibility of 23Na NMR methods for the quantification of total sodium and the characterisation of Na motional state (presence of ‘bound’ ions) in these systems. 31P MAS NMR (simple pulse excitation, SPE and cross-polarisation, CP) enabled the identification of different phosphorous compounds (inorganic phosphate, colloidal calcium phosphate, phosphoserins), the determination of their proportions and also permitted to determine the involvement of these phosphorous compounds in the protein network of coagulated systems. With these results, we achieved to identify the parameters of composition (or processing) influencing the dynamics of sodium ions in real cheeses. We also determined the distribution of phosphorous compounds, in particular inorganic phosphate, in these cheeses. This work demonstrates that these 23Na and 31P NMR innovative techniques are perfectly applicable to real food and can help to adjust the manufacturing process of cheeses in order to optimise their sensory and functional properties
Duffour, Jacqueline. "Résidus des dithiocarbamates et de l'éthylènethiourée : aspects toxicologiques et analytiques". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON13511.
Testo completoPaquin, Julie. "Étude de l'effet de la consommation d'un jus enrichi en fibres alimentaires sur la satiété et la réponse glycémique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25243/25243.pdf.
Testo completoAllais, Manon. "Matériaux fonctionnels à base de polyphénols". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE021/document.
Testo completoPolyphenols are essential metabolites in vegetal kingdom. They have interesting properties both for healthcare and physical-chemistry : they are antioxidant, antimicrobial or anticarcinogenic and they are amphiphilic, hydrogen-bond acceptors and donors and they can chelate with metallic cations. This thesis aims to use a polyphenol : tannic acid (TA) to design functionnal materials. To begin, for a dental pulp engineerig purpose, TA was used to structure electrospun fibers of poly-lactic acid by using the technics of co-electrospinning-electrospraying. Then, for the first time, it was possible to electrospin fibres from a solution of pure TA. To consider applications, it was possible to cross-link these fibres. This result paves the way for a green synthesis of electrospun membranes. To finish, multilayer enzymatic films were made with TA and alkaline phosphatase or lysozyme. Films have both enzymatic properties and electro-activity due to TA
El-Bidaoui, Maha. "L'effet de la procédure analytique sur les résidus des pesticides dans les aliments". Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30068.
Testo completoThe components of typical procedures for pesticide residues analysis to determine their uncertainty are studied. Procedures for the evaluation of the efficiency and the uncertainty of sample processing, extraction, clean up and determination are developed based on radiotracer and chromatographic techniques with representative foodstuffs and analytes. Sample processing uncertainty is evaluated based on the determination of the 14C activities from test portions of different sizes and estimation of the sampling constants. Different procedures are investigated to decrease the uncertainty of sample processing. A significant finding was that the efficiency of processing varied with the type of equipment and foodstuffs. A synergistic effect was observed by double processing with addition of dry ice. A methodology is developed to study the effects of processing and storage on the pesticide residues' stability. The efficiency and uncertainty of the clean up are studied at different temperatures. The quantification procedures showed that the associated uncertainty is a major contributor to the overall uncertainty and is dependent upon the regression model
Béguin, Sylvie. "Développement d'une méthode d'optimisation des conditions de détection GC/EI/MS/MS à l'aide d'un piège ionique quadripolaire : application au dosage multi-résidus de pesticides". Angers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0016.
Testo completoArnaud, Nicole. "Composition minérale des baies de raisins frontonnais : influence des cépages, des porte-greffes, du sol et du climat". Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU32123.
Testo completoLarauche, Muriel. "Régulations des processus inflammatoires gastriques : rôle des nitrates alimentaire et de l'innervation afférente". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30100.
Testo completoNouvel, Cécile. "Synthèse contrôlée de copolymères dextrane-g-polylactide : de leur utilisation comme surfactifs biodégradables à la mise en œuvre de systèmes de vectorisation particulaires". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2002_NOUVEL_C.pdf.
Testo completoSynthesis of novel grafted amphiphilic copolymers polylactide-grafted dextran was achieved. Macromolecular control of such biodegradable and potentially biocompatible copolymers requires a three-step synthesis based on the "grafting from" concept : partial protection of the dextran hydroxyl groups by silylation ; followed by ring opening polymerization of D, L-lactide initiated from remaining hydroxyls of this partially silylated dextran backbone. The third step involves the silylethers deprotection under very mild conditions. Throughout the synthesis, detailed studies of each step have led to stability of dextran backbone and control of copolymer architecture in terms of graft number and graft length. Tension and fluorescence experiments have given information about the organisation properties of these copolymers. The potential of such copolymers for formulation of nanospheres has been also studied
Barchechath, Jérémie, e Jérémie Barchechath. "Étude du potentiel nutraceutique des fibres de canneberge et de bleuet". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25348.
Testo completoLes résidus fibreux de canneberge et de bleuet issus du processus d’extraction des polyphénols ont été étudiés pour tenter de les valoriser pour des applications nutraceutiques. Ces travaux se sont plus précisément intéressés aux fibres alimentaires et à leurs polyphénols associés. Ces deux composantes sont reconnues pour leurs effets positifs sur le système digestif dont notamment le maintien de la santé de la flore intestinale. Les résidus fibreux de canneberge et de bleuet obtenus en laboratoire ont été caractérisés pour leurs contenus en polysaccharides non-amidonnés totaux (54,3% pour la canneberge et 46,5% pour le bleuet), solubles (respectivement 21,9% et 21,5%), insolubles (respectivement 32,4% et 25%) et leurs compositions respectives en monosaccharides. Les mesures rhéologiques des fibres (capacité de rétention d’eau, d’huile, capacité de gonflement et viscosité) ont montré des propriétés physiques avantageuses en comparaison à d’autres types de fibres. Le contenu en proanthocyanidines non-extractibles fut alors mesuré par lecture spectrophotométrique (1,3% pour les fibres de canneberge et 2,4% pour celles de bleuet). Une technique utilisant un agent chaotrope fut spécifiquement développée pour obtenir une fraction significativement réduite en polyphénols (contenant respectivement 0,6% et 0,9% de proanthocyanidines). Les fibres brutes et réduites en polyphénols ont alors été administrées à des souris pour tester leurs impacts respectifs sur la flore intestinale. L’ajout de fibres brutes a fait augmenter la concentration de Clostridium coccoides et de Clostridium leptum et diminuer le compte de Lactobacillus alors que celui de Faecalibacterium praunsnitzii a uniquement augmenté avec les fibres réduites en polyphénols mettant en avant un probable effet inhibiteur des polyphénols sur F. prausnitzii. Des souches probiotiques ont alors été cultivées in vitro avec des fibres natives et réduites en proanthocyanidines. Un effet bifidogène ainsi qu’une augmentation de la croissance de Lactobacillus salivarius ont été observés lors de l’ajout de fibres de canneberge et de bleuet. Selon le type de bactérie, les effets différentiels observés avec les fibres brutes ou réduites en proanthocyanidines montrent la capacité de la flore à métaboliser les polysaccharides et leurs polyphénols associés mais aussi un potentiel effet inhibiteur des composés phénoliques. Les fibres de canneberge et de bleuet pourraient ainsi constituer des prébiotiques favorisant indirectement la réduction du risque lié à certaines maladies chroniques intestinales.
The process of polyphenol extraction from cranberry and blueberry yields a fibrous matter that was studied for a potential valorization in nutraceutical applications. More precisely, this work focuses on the dietary fiber content and its associated polyphenols. These two compounds were acknowledged for their positive effects over the gastro-intestinal tract including the preservation of a healthy colonic microbiota. The polyphenol extraction process was replicated in laboratory in order to obtain cranberry and blueberry fibrous matter. These extracts were analysed for their contents in total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (54,3% for cranberry and 46,5% for blueberry), soluble NSP (respectively 21,9% and 21,5%), insoluble NSP (respectively 32,4% and 25%) and their respective monosaccharides composition. Rheological measurements (water and oil retention capacities, swelling capacity and viscosity) showed advantageous physical properties compared to other types of fibers. Subsequently, the non-extractable proanthocyanidins contents were quantified by spectrophotometric reading (1,3% for cranberry fibers and 2,4% for blueberry fibers). A method, employing a chaotropic agent, was specifically designed to produce fibers with a significantly reduced content in non-extractable proanthocyanidins (respectively containing 0,6% and 0,9% of PAC). Both native and modified fibers were fed to mice in order to assess their respective impact on intestinal flora. The addition of native fibers was associated with an increase in the concentration of Clostridium coccoides and Clostridium leptum and a diminution of the count of Lactobacillus whereas the concentration of Faecalibacterium praunsnitzii was exclusively increased by the use of fibers reduced in polyphenols. This observation highlighted a potential inhibitory effect of polyphenols on F. prausnitzii. Probiotics strains were therefore cultured in vitro with native and modified fibers. A bifidogenic effect and an increase of the Lactobacillus salivarius concentration were observed when substrate was cranberry or blueberry fibers. According to the type of bacteria, the differential effect monitored between native and proanthocyanidins reduced fibers underlies the flora capacity to metabolize fibers and their associated polyphenols and also a potential inhibitory effect from phenolic compounds. The cranberry and blueberry fibers could therefore constitute prebiotics that favor indirectly the reduction of gastro-intestinal diseases risks.
The process of polyphenol extraction from cranberry and blueberry yields a fibrous matter that was studied for a potential valorization in nutraceutical applications. More precisely, this work focuses on the dietary fiber content and its associated polyphenols. These two compounds were acknowledged for their positive effects over the gastro-intestinal tract including the preservation of a healthy colonic microbiota. The polyphenol extraction process was replicated in laboratory in order to obtain cranberry and blueberry fibrous matter. These extracts were analysed for their contents in total non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) (54,3% for cranberry and 46,5% for blueberry), soluble NSP (respectively 21,9% and 21,5%), insoluble NSP (respectively 32,4% and 25%) and their respective monosaccharides composition. Rheological measurements (water and oil retention capacities, swelling capacity and viscosity) showed advantageous physical properties compared to other types of fibers. Subsequently, the non-extractable proanthocyanidins contents were quantified by spectrophotometric reading (1,3% for cranberry fibers and 2,4% for blueberry fibers). A method, employing a chaotropic agent, was specifically designed to produce fibers with a significantly reduced content in non-extractable proanthocyanidins (respectively containing 0,6% and 0,9% of PAC). Both native and modified fibers were fed to mice in order to assess their respective impact on intestinal flora. The addition of native fibers was associated with an increase in the concentration of Clostridium coccoides and Clostridium leptum and a diminution of the count of Lactobacillus whereas the concentration of Faecalibacterium praunsnitzii was exclusively increased by the use of fibers reduced in polyphenols. This observation highlighted a potential inhibitory effect of polyphenols on F. prausnitzii. Probiotics strains were therefore cultured in vitro with native and modified fibers. A bifidogenic effect and an increase of the Lactobacillus salivarius concentration were observed when substrate was cranberry or blueberry fibers. According to the type of bacteria, the differential effect monitored between native and proanthocyanidins reduced fibers underlies the flora capacity to metabolize fibers and their associated polyphenols and also a potential inhibitory effect from phenolic compounds. The cranberry and blueberry fibers could therefore constitute prebiotics that favor indirectly the reduction of gastro-intestinal diseases risks.
Baye, Yimam Kaleab. "Voies alimentaires d’amélioration de la biodisponibilité du fer et du zinc dans les aliments de complément consommés par les jeunes enfants en Ethiopie". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20026.
Testo completoFood-based strategies to enhance iron and zinc bioavailability of complementary foods consumed by young children in EthiopiaStunting and micronutrient deficiencies are widespread in developing countries like Ethiopia and reach their peak during the period of complementary feeding. The adequacy of complementary feeding practices of young children in north Wollo, northern Ethiopia was evaluated in 76 households using two 24h recalls. Several feeding practices were not in accordance with WHO/PAHO recommendations. The most frequently consumed foods were legume-based stews, bread, and injera- a fermented cereal-based pancake. Traditional processing of these foods was observed in-field. Different cereal blends were used in injera preparation and this influenced the fermentation kinetics which in turn affected phytic acid hydrolysis. Even when phytic acid degradation was >95%, iron bioaccessibility and algorithm predicted absorption were not improved, despite ideal phytate:Fe molar ratios (<0.4). This suggested an important role of other absorption inhibitors. In this regard, the relative effect of phytate, polyphenols, and fibers on iron bioaccessibility was evaluated by making use of a mechanistic approach that involved the application of exogenous enzymes. In injera flours, dephytinization followed by hydrolysis of fibers and, or oxidation of polyphenols, resulted in higher iron bioaccessibility than dephytinization alone. The relative importance of mineral absorption inhibitors as well as the response to enzymatic treatments was dependent on the food matrix. If possible, optimization of household food processing for greater decrease in phytate, iron-binding polyphenols and fibers may be needed to significantly improve iron bioavailability in injeras. Interventions promoting the WHO guiding principles for complementary feeding practices and behaviors are recommended. Keywords: Phytate, polyphenols, fibers, altitude, micronutrients, bioaccessibility
Abed, Aïcha. "Nouveaux dispositifs médicaux à base d'hydrogels de polysaccharides". Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA132062.
Testo completoThis work describes the development of new medical devices based on hydrogel of polysaccharides (pullulan and dextran). In recent years, our laboratory was interested in the biological properties of synthetic or natural polysaccharides and their interactions with endogenous growth factors and matrix components. So we had the idea to apply their properties to the design of a hybrid material composed of a polypropylene mesh coated with polysaccharides hydrogel. The first objective of this work is to improve the integration of materials currently used in clinical by using of hybrid prosthesis and understand the properties of these hydrogels in vitro and in vivo. In the second part of this work, based on the hydrogel properties a new system of storage and transport of tissue at room temperature was developed while limiting mechanical shocks and contamination associated with leaking fluids. Taking as a model of rat arteries, we validated this system in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we developed a new system for cryopreservation of cells and tissues. This hydrogel based polysaccharides reduces the quantities of toxic cryoprotectants agents during freezing. This method was validated in vitro and in vivo and in comparison with the reference procedure
Raouche, Sana. "Dynamique d’organisation des micelles de caséine et de structuration des gels laitiers : vectorisation de minéraux". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20226.
Testo completoIron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional disorder with serious consequences on physical and mental health at individual and nation levels. The aim of the PhD was to solve the technological problems involved in the iron fortification of the dairy products. The work firstly lay in the optimization of the carbonation process and thus in the use of milk as iron vehicle. The reversible acidification process by CO2 injection was studied and optimized. This process, without modifying milk ionic strength, brings elements of comprehension with regard to the dynamic of caseins micelles organization and dairy gel structuring. Micellar calcium phosphate (MCP) reorganization is governed by the carbonation pH, while caseins organization depends on the temperature of treatment. On opposite to enzymatic gelation, “acid” curd formation depends neither on the MCP salt form, nor on caseins organization within micelles in the range of carbonation parameters studied. Reconstituted skimmed milks fortified with FeCl2 and FeCl3 up to 20mmol Fe/kg and subjected or not to carbonation were studied within one day of storage at 30°C. 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry shows that iron is involved in octahedral coordination with Pi and Po. The carbonation (i) improves the binding yield of iron to casein micelles (ii) the milk rennet clotting time, and (iii) accelerates Fe2+ oxidation. Bioavailability evaluation results are promising but have to be handled with caution
Charon, Hélène. "Détection et quantification d'ajouts de matière grasses végétales autres que le beurre de cacao dans le chocolat". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13119.
Testo completoAmine, Chloe. "Millifluidique à gouttes : un outil pour le criblage des interactions entre biopolymères". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4120.
Testo completoLiquid-liquid phase separation of aqueous biopolymers mixtures has been shown to strongly depend on various physico-chemical parameters. One sub-type of liquidliquid phase separation is known as complex coacervation and is primarily driven by attractive electrostatic interactions among two oppositely charged biopolymers. Understanding and characterizing specific conditions and factors leading to phase separated systems is an essential preliminary step in the further development of high values products that take advantage of such phenomenon. However, these screening studies, usually performed in bulk, are highly time consuming and require large quantities of raw materials not always available and sometimes expensive. The aim of this work was to develop a low material consuming droplets-based millifluidic device for the rapid screening of biopolymers interactions. The efficiency of the millifluidic device was demonstrated using a well-known case study of complex coacervation made of a protein-polysaccharide mixture, the ßlactoglobulin/ Gum Arabic mixture. This millifluidic device was then integrated in a multi-technics approach to study a second protein-polysaccharide mixture made of Napin and Pectin. The proposed millifluidic device is easy to implement and is therefore accessible to many laboratories. lt provides a low material consuming approach for rapid screening of biopolymers interactions, which is a prerequisite in the study of phase separation mechanisms
Lestienne, Isabelle. "Contribution à l'étude de la biodisponibilité du fer et du zinc dans le grain de mil et conditions d'amélioration dans les aliments de complément". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20166.
Testo completoSeyer, Marie-Ève. "Les fibres alimentaires et le pain de blé entier". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23027/23027.pdf.
Testo completoAlary, Rémi. "Isolement, caractérisation et importance technologique de deux gluténines de faible poids moléculaire chez le blé dur". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20010.
Testo completoAdel, Kathryn. "Indice et charge glycémiques de l'alimentation et relations avec l'obésité et le syndrome métabolique au sein de l'étude des familles de Québec (QFS)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25199.
Testo completoMany high-carbohydrate foods common to Western diets have been shown to produce a high glycemic response, which may favor weight gain and metabolic syndrome (MetS), but associations between glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL) and obesity and MetS remain inconsistent. These associations were examined in the Quebec Family Study. GI and GL were positively associated with obesity, and an increase in GL over time was associated with gains in adiposity in women only. However, some associations were no longer significant when subjects with implausible reported energy intake (rEI) were excluded. GI and GL were generally not associated with MetS or its risk factors. Results suggest that GI and GL are associated with obesity in women, and that an increase in the GL of their diet is associated with gains in adiposity over time. They also reinforce the importance of considering implausible rEI in dietary surveys in relation to metabolic disease.
Guillard, Valérie. "Characterization and modelling of moisture transfer in composite foods constituted of fresh filling nd cereal-based food : barrier performance of edible films placed at the interface". Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20006.
Testo completoVan, der Werf Remmelt. "Evaluation du pouvoir anti-oxydant des aliments : recherche de leurs effets modulateurs sur le stress oxydant dans le cas du diabète". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037983.
Testo completoFournier-Gosselin, Guillaume. "Étude du procédé d'évaporation des extraits de canneberge et bleuet sur la base des rendements énergétiques et de leur qualité". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29847/29847.pdf.
Testo completoThe objective of this project is to optimize the evaporation of small fruit liquid extracts, a crucial step in the transformation process of nutraceutical extract production in order to increase its energetic efficiency while keeping a good product quality. The impact of temperature (55, 65 and 75°C) was studied over 3 main parameters; the energetic consumption, the vaporization rate and the extract quality. Its consumption was calculated based on measurements made on the state of the system and on the product. The vaporization rates were measured with level differentials on retention tanks and the product quality evaluation was based on the Folin-Ciocalteu method. For the energetic consumption, they increase from 0.358 to 0.373 kWh/l when passing from 55 to 75 °C. For the vaporization rates, they increase from 462 l/h to 902 l/h when passing from 55 to 75 °C. As for the quality, none of the extracts presents signs of deterioration.
Pineda, Vadillo Carlos. "Développement de produits des laitiers et ovoproduits enrichis en bioactifs contre le syndrome métabolique : effet de la matrice alimentaire sur la bioaccessiblité et la biodisponibilité des polyphénols et de l'acide docosahexaénoïque". Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NSARB278/document.
Testo completoMetabolic Syndrome (MS), a constellation of the most dangerous cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors, has become one of the major clinical and public health challenges worldwide. During the last decade, many bioactives have been proposed as effective for the treatment and prevention of MS. However, most intervention studies administer bioactives as pure compounds, without consider that bioactive-food matrix interactions could deeply impact on the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and hence on the effectiveness of bioactives.The main objective of this thesis, included within the European project PATHWAY-27, was to formulate potential effective bioactive-enriched foods against MS and to investigate the effect of the food matrix on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of dietary bioactives.In particular, this study focused in the use of dairy and egg-based products as matrices and in the addition of anthocyanins, docosahexaenoic acid and, to a lesser extent, beta glucan as bioactives. A combination of in vitro and in vivo (pig) digestion models was used.Both the structure and the composition of the food matrices impacted the release and the solubilisation of bioactives during digestion (bioaccessibility), as demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the structure of the food matrix modulated the final amount of DHA into the systemic circulation of pigs (bioavailability). This study proves that understanding how dietary bioactives interact with the matrix in which they are included in is the basis for the production of effective bioact
Gatti, Matteo. "Evaluation de l'effet du terroir sur la teneur en stilbènes du vin". Phd thesis, Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00994185.
Testo completoThe observation that the quality of wine takes its origin in the vineyard is well rooted in the European culture. In this way, the viticultural zoning allows to characterize and to develop the 'Terroir'-based products also considering the recent increased consumers' attention on functional foods (that combine nutritional and healthy properties due to the high concentration of bioactive compounds as vitamins and phenols). Therefore, this study aims at identifying viticultural areas which can maximize the concentration of stilbenes in the wine using a 'Terroir' approach. We have considered fourteen vineyards of Cabernet franc in Saumurois-Touraine (France) and fourteen vineyards of Sangiovese in Romagna (Italy). The characterization of 'terroir' was carried out over three years in France (2003-2005) and over two years in Italy (2008-2009) along with determination of wine stilbene concentration. Five UTB (Terroir-based Unit) were identified in Saumurois-Touraine and three in Romagna. 'Terroir' significantly affected the metabolism of stilbenes and the level of trans-resveratrol in Saumurois-Touraine was influenced for 58% by 'Terroir'. The effect of the year (climate) was dominant whereas the effect of soil and sub-soil was secondary to climate. The vineyard elevation and the active-lime in the soil enhanced resveratrol content in wines. The soil texture affected the stilbene metabolism so the clayiest soil increased their wine concentration
Gatti, Matteo. "Evaluation de l'effet du terroir sur la teneur en stilbènes du vin". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994185.
Testo completoLacombe, Stéphanie. "Variabilité de la teneur et de la composition en isoflavones de la graine de soja (Glycine max. L. Merrill) et de ses dérivés alimentaires". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT023A.
Testo completoBouvier, Nathalie. "Le soja : impact en nutrition et médecine humaine". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P145.
Testo completoTrichaiyaporn, Sommai. "Contribution à l'étude du séchage en discontinu de sucre cristallisé en lit fluidisé". Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT043G.
Testo completoReynaud, Patricia. "Analyses des résidus d'une triazole dans l'alimentation". Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11391.
Testo completoVanin, Fernanda M. "Formation de la croûte du pain en cours de cuisson, propriétés rhéologiques et séchage en surface : une approche expérimentale de modélisation". AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0062.
Testo completoGraillot, Vanessa. "Appréciation quantitative de l'exposition alimentaire à des mélanges de pesticides et mécanismes de génotoxicité". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2077/.
Testo completoConsumers are exposed to several pesticide residues present simultaneously in food. This multi-exposure is insufficiently characterized and risk assessment procedures do not take into account appropriately the possible effects of contaminant mixtures. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vitro the genotoxic potential of pesticide mixtures relevant to the dietary exposure of the French population. In order to determine these mixtures, the French population co-exposure was estimated considering both food residue patterns originating from French food monitoring programs and French consumption survey (INCA2). Then, a statistic model was developed by ANSES to compare co-exposures, in order to define groups of individuals with similar pesticide exposure patterns. Based on these results, 7 relevant mixtures were determined and their genotoxic potential was screened in 4 different human cell lines (ACHN, HepG2, LS-174T, SHSY-5Y), using the genotoxic H2AX assay. Mixtures were tested at both equimolar concentrations and proportions reflecting the real diet contamination. The results were compared with the effects of individual compounds. One mixture, consisting of 5 compounds, was found to be genotoxic, only for HepG2. Data obtained with individual compounds showed that only two compounds from the mixture, namely fludioxonil and cyprodinil, were genotoxic. A mixture effect was observed at low doses. The screening of additional pesticides selected from the co-exposure characterization allowed to identify a family of pesticides (methyl-pyrazoles) able to induce DNA double strand break on two human cell lines (Jurkat/SH-SY5Y)
Pakin, Caroline. "Le dosage de vitamines du groupe B (acide pantothénique et cobalamines) dans les aliments après isolement chromatographique et détection fluorimétrique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/PAKIN_Caroline_2004.pdf.
Testo completoThe developped method for the free pantothenic acid consists of a purification of the samples by successive passages through anion and cation exchange cartridges, then an isolation by reversed-phase chromatography followed by a post-column derivatization of pantothenic acid as a fluorescent isoindole (reaction of -alanin, formed by hot alkaline hydrolysis of pantothenic acid, with ortho-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of mercaptopropionic acid). An extraction procedure in two steps, first treatment by pepsin (hydrolysis of forms bound to proteins), then treatment by alkaline phosphatase and pantetheinase (hydrolysis of coenzyme A), allows to release the total vitamin B5 in the pantothenic acid form. As for free vitamin B12, the proposed protocol contains a very specific purification by passage through an immunoaffinity column, with concentration of the extract, then a transformation of the vitamin into ribazole (obtained by hot alkaline hydrolysis followed by a treatment by alkaline phosphatase). The fluorescent compound is then analysed by fluorimetry after a separation by reversed-phase chromatography. An enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin allows to release the different forms of vitamin B12 bound to proteins and thus to obtain an estimation of the total vitamin B12 amount. These sensitive and repetable methods give good recovery rates. Owing to their low detection limit (0,65 µg. G-1 for the vitamin B5 and 1 ng. G-1 for the vitamine B12) and the good resolution of the peaks (respectively of pantothenic acid and of ribazole), they could most probably be applied to the determination of these vitamins in any foodstuff
Merhi, Maysaloun. "Etude de l'impact de l'exposition à des mélanges de pesticides à faibles doses : caractérisation des effets sur des lignées cellulaires humaines et sur le système hématopoïetique murin". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7769/1/merhi.pdf.
Testo completoLe, Floc'h Nathalie. "Régulation nutritionnelle de l'oxydation de la thréonine chez le porc". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30028.
Testo completoDheilly, Emmanuelle. "Dynamique pariétale au cours de l’élaboration de la texture de la pomme : étude pluridisciplinaire et intégrée". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4028/document.
Testo completoApple texture is a key quality trait for consumers and food processors. It depends on mechanical properties of tissues that result from tissue architecture, cell turgor pressure and cell walls structure . Apple texture evolves due to structural reorganizations of cell walls by proteins and enzymes having various types of activities regulated in time and in space. It also results from changes in cell water and osmolytes fluxes that affect flow causing turgor pressure. Through a multidisciplinary integrative approach, this study aimed at identifying genes associated with cell walls metabolism and turgor pressure regulation in different populations of apple developing contrasted textures and particularly mealiness. The results revealed significant structural modifications of hemicelluloses and associated genes during apple formation and mealiness development. Two distinct groups of ß-galactosidases were identified and associated with development and having or to fruit ripening suggesting different and having hydrolase and/or transglycosylase activities for these enzymes. Many transporters identified in different fruit development phases emphasize highlight the relationship between turgor pressure and apple texture elaboration . The outcome of this work allow proposing a model of mealiness development in apple and identify candidate genes for future functional studies in the development of apple texture as well as genetic markers for varietal improvement
Barrek, Sami. "Développements de méthodes analytiques pour l'identification et la caractérisation de nouveaux pesticides d'origine végétale : mécanismes de dégradation : applications à des produits de l'agroalimentaire". Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10098.
Testo completoAl-Sayeda, Haifaa. "Transfert d'un insecticide systémique, l'imidaclopride, chez la tomate : implication du transport phloémien". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7654/1/al_sayeda.pdf.
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