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1
Bozsik, András. "Occurrence and damage of the alfalfa root longhorn beetle (Plagionotus floralis Pallas, 1773) in old alfalfa stands in Hungary". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n. 39 (10 novembre 2010): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/39/2742.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The alfalfa root longhorn beetle is a pest of small importance in old alfalfa stands. It is rarely cited in the international, national literature, or even mentioned in specialized manuels. Plagionotus floralis is common in Hungary but its population density is low. It is a polyphagous species but it has importance - regarding the references – only in alfalfa. This paper analyses data gained in old alfalfa fields at two different regions of the country (Máriabesnyő, Debrecen). Damage of P. floralis was 56% in the roots of an 8-year-old stand in Máriabesnyő. Lenghts of tunnels were between 3 and 22 cm. In spite of the tunnels the alfalfa plants were viable. There was no root longhorn beetle in the 15-year-old Debrecen stand, however it has been found former in the region. The reason for the important density of P. floralis in Máriabesnyő could be the considerable diversity and covering of flowering weeds around the field. Adults of P. floralis feed on flower pollen and nectar. As to the Debrecen area,weeds were cut regularly, so the edge vegetation was poor. Present conditions (no pest control on alfalfa fields, overuse of old and failing alfalfa stands, many untrained growers) favour the reproduction and possible damage of alfalfa root longhorn beetle.
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Karls, Caleb, Dan Undersander, David Combs, Derek Donnelly, Cara Engel, Donald Miller e Dan Schaefer. "PSVIII-30 Reduced-lignin alfalfa digestibility and effects on performance of growing beef steers". Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3 novembre 2020): 329–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.585.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Novel alfalfa varieties have been developed to have less lignin by genetic modification, (HarvXtra, Forage Genetics International) and by conventional breeding, (HiGest 360, Alforex Seeds). Second crop (d 29) of these alfalfas and a control, LegenDairy XHD (Winfield Solutions LLC), were harvested as high moisture wrapped bales (45.9–51.6 % DM) at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station (AARS) located near Arlington, WI, on July 5, 2017. The objectives of these experiments were to characterize novel reduced-lignin alfalfa varieties, assess their effects on growth of beef steers, and determine digestibilities using a total fecal collection trial. Treatments were fed ad libitum as alfalfa baleage to 300 kg (initial weight) black-hided beef steers, (n = 72, 4 pens/treatment, 83 d). Steers were fed solely alfalfa baleage and offered a trace mineral salt block by way of fence line feed bunks. Alfalfa lignin values were 7.56, 7.18, and 6.3% DM (P = 0.34) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. Steers gained 0.94, 1.00, and 1.07 kg hd-1 d-1 (P = 0.25) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. The same harvested alfalfa was used in a total collection fecal trial with fecal collection bags (Table 1). Numerical differences between alfalfa digestibilities were observed but no significant treatment effects were detected. Total tract NDF digestibilities (TTNDFD) for harvested alfalfas were 33.9, 35.0 and 40.3 % NDF (P = 0.079) for LegenDairy, HiGest and HarvXtra, respectively. Alfalfa lignin concentration differences were not detected through acid detergent-lignin analysis of harvested bales. While the ranking of lignin concentrations, digestibilities, and growth rates followed prevailing logic, alfalfa variety treatment effects were not detected. Experimental designs with greater sensitivity should be implemented in the future.
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ZHANG, Qian. "A dataset of soil physicochemical characteristics and plant species diversity in abandoned alfalfa fields (1–49 years) in Shenmu, Shaanxi Province". China Scientific Data 9, n. 1 (31 marzo 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2023.0134.zh.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The abandonment of alfalfa fields is on the rise in semi–arid regions. It is important to clarify the changes of soil water content, soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil saturated water conductivity, soil pH, soil NH4-N, NO3-N, soil available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, Margalef index, Pielou index, Simpson index, and Shannon–Wiener index in abandoned alfalfa fields, which is essential for vegetation restoration efforts in semi-arid areas. This dataset is credited to the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Shenmu Erosion and Environment in Shaanxi Province (also referred to as Shenmu Station). we conducted surveys on alfalfa fields in 2003, 2014, and 2022 with varying abandonment periods (1-30 years, 12-41 years, and 20-49 years, respectively) to obtain data on soil physicochemical characteristics and plant species diversity. This dataset was compiled in strict adherence to international observation technical standards, including field investigations, laboratory measurements, data calculations, data storage, and quality control procedures. The high-quality data can serve as solid foundation for the study of alfalfa succession process in semi-arid areas.
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Ansabayeva, Asiya, Gulden Bekishova, Saule Makhanova e Ualikhan Sagalbekov. "CORRELATION DEPENDENCE OF CAROTINE CONTENT IN VARIETIES ANDVARIETY SAMPLES OF ALFALFA OF KAZAKHSTANI AND FOREIGN SELECTION". 3i intellect idea innovation - интеллект идея инновация 1 (2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52269/22266070_2023_1_75.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The results of assessing the quality of hay of alfalfa varieties and variety samples of Kazakhstani and foreign selection on carotene content and dependence of carotene content on dry matter and biochemical parameters such as protein, digestible protein, sugar, starch, fiber, fat, ash content, calcium, phosphorus, and also exchange energy are presented in the article. The research is related to the subject of the international project "GS19001 - Use of wild related agricultural crops for developing drought-resistant alfalfa and its distribution among subsistence farmers in Kazakhstan, China and Chile". The research was carried out in 2021 on the experimental fields of "Kokshetau Experimental Production Farm" LLP (Shagalaly rural area), located in the northern part of the hilly and plain zone of the Akmola region in Zerenda district of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Varieties and variety samples of alfalfa were planted on pure fallow. 35 varieties and variety samples of alfalfa obtained by Kazakhakstani and foreign scientists were studied in the ecological nursery. The seeds were sown in the second decade of May. The method of sowing for fodder (herbage, hay) is the row one with the row spacing of 15 cm. The plants were harvested for herbage at the beginning of the flowering phase. The content of carotene in varieties and variety samples of alfalfa ranged from 18.03 to 20.21 mg/kg. The correlations between carotene and the studied parameters are weak positive and negative, medium positive.
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Mahon, Barbara E., Antti Pöunkä, William N. Hall, Kenneth Komatsu, Stephen E. Dietrich, Anja Siitonen, Gary Cage et al. "An International Outbreak ofSalmonellaInfections Caused by Alfalfa Sprouts Grown from Contaminated Seeds". Journal of Infectious Diseases 175, n. 4 (aprile 1997): 876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/513985.
Testo completo
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Lauriault, Leonard M., e Murali K. Darapuneni. "Alfalfa Rotation Strategy and Soil Type Influence Soil Characteristics and Replanted Alfalfa Yield in the Irrigated Semiarid, Subtropical Southwestern USA". Crops 1, n. 3 (11 novembre 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops1030014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment failure is often attributed to autotoxicity when alfalfa is reseeded shortly after termination of the previous alfalfa stand, but renovation/rotation strategies for irrigated semiarid, subtropical environments have not been studied. Two identical studies were initiated at the New Mexico State University Rex E. Kirksey Agricultural Science Center at Tucumcari, NM, USA to compare continuous alfalfa (ALF), a single year of rotation to sorghum-sudangrass (SS1; Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf), two years of rotation with sorghum-sudangrass (SS2), and winter wheat forage (Triticum aestivum L.) followed by a single season of sorghum-sudangrass (WW/SS). Soil type and renovation/rotation strategy may influence soil fertility prior to replanting alfalfa, but soil fertility did not appear to influence alfalfa re-establishment or first production year yields. With a Test x Rotation interaction due to differences between tests for WW/SS for first production year yield after September alfalfa replanting, the main effect of Rotation was significant for yield (6.43AB, 5.3B0, 6.92A, and 3.54C Mg ha−1 for ALF, SS1, SS2, and WW/SS, respectively; 5% LSD = 1.22). Alfalfa stand destruction and replanting with no intervening crop rotation may be feasible in sandy soils with irrigation in the semiarid, subtropical southwestern USA and similar environments.
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Eken, C., e E. Demirci. "First Report of Colletotrichum truncatum on Alfalfa in Turkey". Plant Disease 84, n. 1 (gennaio 2000): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.1.100a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
During the summer of 1997 and 1998, a pathogen identified as Colletotrichum truncatum (Schwein.) Andrus & W.D. Moore was isolated from lesions on stems of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants in Erzurum, Turkey. Typical symptoms on stems of mature plants were large, sunken, irregularly shaped black lesions. Twenty-eight cultures of C. truncatum were isolated from stem lesions. Acervuli containing spores and dark setae were observed within lesions. Conidia were hyaline, one-celled, falcate to nearly straight with a prominent clear area in the center of highly granular cytoplasm, and measured 16.3 to 20.6 × 3.1 to 4.5 μm. These morphological characteristics were consistent with the description of C. truncatum (1). The pathogenicity of two isolates was determined on alfalfa cv. Bilensoy. Alfalfa seedlings (6-week-old) were inoculated with a conidial suspension of the fungus (1.4 × 107 conidia per ml), incubated in a moist chamber for 3 days, and subsequently transferred to growth chambers maintained at 25°C with a 12-h photoperiod. Ten plants were inoculated with each isolate. Symptoms first appeared on stems 12 days after inoculation. Sunken, irregularly shaped black lesions occasionally girdled stems of plants inoculated with C. truncatum. Symptoms did not appear on stems of control plants inoculated with sterile distilled water. C. truncatum was reisolated from symptomatic tissue. This is the first report of C. truncatum on alfalfa from Turkey. Reference: (1) B. C. Sutton. 1992. Pages 1–27 in: Colletotrichum Biology, Pathology and Control. J. A. Bailey and M. J. Jeger, eds. CAB International, Wallingford, U.K.
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Cao, Hua, Shaojun Jiang, Meina Lv, Tingting Wu, Wenjun Chen e Jinhua Zhang. "Effectiveness of the Alfalfa App in Warfarin Therapy Management for Patients Undergoing Venous Thrombosis Prevention and Treatment: Cohort Study". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, n. 3 (2 marzo 2021): e23332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Over the years, the internet has enabled considerable progress in the management of chronic diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes. It also provides novel opportunities in online anticoagulation management. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effectiveness of online anticoagulation management. Objective This study explored the effectiveness and safety of warfarin management via the Alfalfa app, so as to provide evidence in support of anticoagulant management through online services. Methods In this retrospective, observational cohort study, 824 patients were included. In the offline group, patients went to the hospital clinic for warfarin management. In the Alfalfa app group, patients reported the dose of warfarin, current international normalized ratio (INR) value, and other related information through the Alfalfa app. Physicians or pharmacists used the app to adjust the dose of warfarin and determined the time for the next blood INR testing. Patients completed INR testing by point-of-care at home or hospital. The primary outcome of the study was the percentage of time in therapeutic range (TTR). Secondary outcomes included minor and major bleeding events, thrombotic events, warfarin-related emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and high INR values. Results The TTR and percentage of INR values in the range were significantly higher in the Alfalfa app group than in the offline group (79.35% vs 52.38%, P<.001; 3314/4282, 77.39% vs 2005/4202, 47.72%, P<.001, respectively). Patients managed via the Alfalfa app had lower rates of subtherapeutic (172/4282, 4.02% vs 388/4202, 9.23%; P<.001), supratherapeutic (487/4282, 11.37% vs 882/4202, 20.99%; P<.001), and extreme subtherapeutic INR values (290/4282, 6.77% vs 910/4202, 21.66%; P<.001). Additionally, the Alfalfa app group had lower incidences of major bleeding (2/425, 0.5% vs 12/399, 3.0%; P=.005), warfarin-related emergency department visits (13/425, 3.1% vs 37/399, 9.3%; P<.001), and hospital admissions (1/425, 0.2% vs 12/399, 3.0%; P=.001) compared with the offline group. However, the Alfalfa app group had a higher incidence of minor bleeding than the offline group (45/425, 10.6% vs 20/399, 5.0%; P=.003). There were similar incidences in extreme supratherapeutic INR values (19/4282, 0.44% vs 17/4202, 0.40%; P=.78) and thromboembolic events (1/425, 0.2% vs 1/399, 0.3%; P=.53) between the two groups. Conclusions Warfarin management is superior via the Alfalfa app than via offline services in terms of major bleeding events, warfarin-related emergency department visits, and hospital admissions.
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Koncewicz-Dziduch, Edyta. "Nowe życie głagolicy. Reaktywacja pierwszego alfabetu Słowian we współczesnej kulturze w Chorwacji". Perspektywy Kultury 38, n. 3 (29 settembre 2022): 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2022.3803.27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Alfabet głagolicki zawsze był w szczególny sposób obecny w kulturze chorwackiej, najpierw jako pismo ksiąg liturgicznych, pierwszych druków, a od XIII w. także jako alfabet piśmiennictwa świeckiego. Lokalnie, na przykład na wyspie Krk, głagolica była używana w obu funkcjach do XIX w., później stanowiła już tylko relikt kulturowy poświadczony wieloma zabytkami chorwackiego piśmiennictwa. W czasach współczesnych, zwłaszcza w latach 90. XX w., zaobserwować można stale rosnącą popularność tego pisma, które traktowane jest jako element chorwackiej tożsamości narodowej. Zainteresowanie głagolicą trwa nadal i przejawia się m.in. w prowadzeniu kursów nauki głagolicy dla osób w różnym wieku, zwłaszcza dla dzieci i młodzieży, czytaniu tekstów głagolickich, badaniach naukowych, organizowaniu wystaw, konferencji oraz poprzez wykorzystywanie głagolicy we współczesnej kulturze (wzornictwie, napisach, ozdabianiu przedmiotów, ciała). Stał się ten alfabet swoistym kodem semiotycznym, dostępnym tylko dla wybranych, identyfikatorem kulturowym chorwackości.
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Figueroa Cárdenas, Mario, Marta Astier Calderón, Luzorquídea Castro Sánchez, Dania Fabiola Alcántar Luna, Pablo Iván Argueta Navarrete e Ernesto Fernando Hernández Aguilar. "Desempeño de ryegrass bajo diferentes insumos orgánicos locales". INCEPTUM 12, n. 22 (18 aprile 2023): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33110/inceptum.v12i22.295.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El objetivo del trabajo es proponer una alternativa de desarrollo municipal al utilizar insumos orgánicos locales en sistemas en rotación de cultivos 2:1 (alfalfa y maíz nativo). Se analizó el desempeño de la fertilidad química edáfica de tres insumos locales (vermicomposta, paja de alfalfa, rastrojo de maíz). En invernadero se sembró ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) utilizando contenedores de 2.5 l (2.5 dm3) con tezontle, vermiculita, perlita, peat-moss y suelo agrícola. El estudio se realizó del 15 de enero al 15 de febrero de 2017; el diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar con tres tratamientos (vermicomposta madura y estabilizada, paja de alfalfa y rastrojo de maíz) obtenidos in situ aplicando cinco dosis equivalentes (1, 3, 6 9 y 12 t ha-1) a cada tratamiento, cinco repeticiones y un testigo. Se midió el desarrollo vegetativo del ryegrass a los 30 días después de la siembra (dds). Para el análisis e interpretación de los resultados se utilizaron mode-
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Bekishova, Gulden, Saule Makhanova, Sakysh Yerzhanova e Nurgul Nurmukhanbetova. "DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF ALFALFA VARIETIES AND VARIETY SAMPLES OF KAZAKHSTAN AND FOREIGN SELECTION". 3i intellect idea innovation - интеллект идея инновация 1 (2023): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52269/22266070_2023_1_81.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents the results of stress resistance of alfalfa varieties and variety samples of growing on the territory of three countries. The research is related to the subject of the international project "GS19001 - Use of wild related crops for breeding drought-resistant alfalfa and its distribution among subsistence farmers in Kazakhstan, China and Chile". The lack of moisture during the period of growth and development of plants has significantly affected the yield of fodder crops. Drought also has a significant impact on the economic and environmental situation in the countries. Climate change in this direction has brought this problem to the fore. Thus, the studies have focused on the drought resistance of alfalfa samples. The research was conducted in LLP "Kokshetau Experimental Production Farm" (Shagalaly rural area), located in the northern part of the hilly and plain zone of Akmola region in Zerenda district of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The soils of the experimental plot are common chernozems, in terms of mechanical composition they are slightly stony heavy loam, the reserves of labile forms of phosphorus are estimated as low, and high of potassium. Field methods of estimation were applied in selection for drought resistance. The drought resistance was determined during the period of maximum drought, i. e. visual evaluation by the number of green leaves given in percentage. Promising samples for drought resistance such as K 271, Forse 5, Zhangcao, DT 1 were established. The determined drought resistant varieties will be used as resource material for selecting fodder crops.
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French, Jason M., Jacki Beacham, Amanda Garcia, Natalie P. Goldberg, Stephen H. Thomas e Stephen F. Hanson. "First Report of Stem and Bulb Nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci on Garlic in New Mexico". Plant Health Progress 18, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2017): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-12-16-0069-br.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Taken together, symptoms present, microscopic characterization, and ITS-1 sequence data indicate New Mexico garlic samples infested with Ditylenchus dipsaci, making this the first known report of this pest in the state. This discovery is significant because D. dipsaci can be a persistent pest and has the potential to cause significant economic losses on agronomically important hosts including onion, garlic, and alfalfa. Its longevity in the soil and international trade issues will be concerns for producers. Monitoring of production areas in the region will be performed to determine if this was an isolated and contained introduction or if this important pest has become established in New Mexico.
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Dyukova, Natalia, Leonid Skipin e Yuri Loginov. "Selection for symbiosis of nodule bacteria and alfalfa plants". АгроЭкоИнфо 6, n. 54 (31 dicembre 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126626.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The studied varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.) reacted positively to inoculation with nodule bacteria strains for a number of economically useful signs. The best plant-microbial systems for the third year of vegetation allowed to obtain in total for two mowing yields of green mass over 7 kg / m2, or over 70 t / ha. The yield of green mass and seeds on variants with the use of nodule bacteria exceeded the yield on control variants for all varieties. In the conditions of Western Siberia, strain 425a and SHM1-105 are suitable for cultivation of alfalfa for green mass, and strain SHM1-105 is promising for cultivation for seeds. Keywords: SYMBIOSIS, NODULE BACTERIA, ALFALFA, INOCULATION, STRAIN, YIELD, GREEN MASS, SEEDS
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McNeill, Mark R., Xiongbing Tu, Colin M. Ferguson, Liping Ban, Scott Hardwick, Zhang Rong, Barbara I. P. Barratt e Zhang Zehua. "Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities". NeoBiota 65 (1 giugno 2021): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.61991.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.
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Cessna, Allan J., e John Waddington. "Dissipation of glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA in established crested wheatgrass following spring application". Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75, n. 3 (1 luglio 1995): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-128.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using glyphosate to suppress resident vegetation while establishing sod-seeded alfalfa in pastures may result in unacceptably high residues within the treated foliage. In a 2-yr study, the dissipation of glyphosate and its major metabolite, AMPA, was measured in the foliage of established crested wheatgrass [Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.] following spring application at 2.2 kg a.i. ha−1. Within 2 wk, glyphosate residues had decreased to < 50 mg kg−1, the international MRL for fodder of grasses. Washoff by rainfall appeared to be the major route of dissipation. Residues of AMPA were generally about one order of magnitude less than the corresponding glyphosate residues. Key words: Glyphosate, residues, dissipation, crested wheatgrass, Agropyron desertorum
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Kondrateva, Nadezhda, Ramis Akhatov, Roman Bolshin, Maria Krasnolutskaya, Nadezhda Dukhtanova, Vasily Selunsky e Sergey Netesov. "The synergistic effect for managing the sowing qualities of alfalfa seeds with elements of a neural network to control the dose of UFOs". АгроЭкоИнфо 5, n. 59 (31 ottobre 2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202135543.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article presents studies to identify the greatest synergy effect for managing the sowing qualities of alfalfa seeds of variable Victoria with the use of neural network elements to control the dose of ultraviolet irradiation. The synergistic effect occurs when the seeds are simultaneously exposed first to ultraviolet radiation and then to a silicon-containing preparation of nanosilicon, or first to treatment with a preparation of NanoSilicon, and then to ultraviolet radiation. In both cases, changes in the sowing qualities of seeds were observed. The seeds were irradiated on a mobile LED UV irradiation unit using end-to-end digital energy-saving technologies with neural network elements to control the dose of UFOs with a VEML6070 digital sensor from the manufacturer Vishay Semiconductors. The TKS– ABC device measured the energy illumination of UV LEDs at a height of 70 mm, which showed that UV-A radiation is 95.67% at an average energy illumination of 3.137 W/m2, UV-B radiation is 3.41% at 0.112 W/m2 and UV-C radiation is 0.91% at 0.030 W/m2. The conducted studies have revealed that the greatest synergistic effect for managing the sowing qualities of alfalfa seeds occurs when alfalfa seeds are treated first with a nanosilicon preparation, and then with UFOs. As a result of the management of the sowing qualities of alfalfa seeds, which is involved in the implementation of the proposed sequence of pre-sowing seed treatment, an increase in laboratory germination was obtained by 6% at HCR05 – 4%; the length of the sprout up to 2.4 cm and the root up to 1.5 cm; the degree of development of seedlings up to 3.0 points and growth strength up to 29.8%. Keywords: ALFALFA VARIABLE, LABORATORY GERMINATION, DEGREE OF SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH VIGOR, SYNERGISM, ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION DOSE, DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
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Mazahrih, N. Th, A. S. Al Sayari, A. Al-Hamoodi, A. Nejatian e A. Ouled Belgacem. "Impacts of Irrigation with Reclaimed Wastewater on Forages Production, Nutrients, and Heavy Metals Content". Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2018): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p206.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In order to investigate the effect of reclaimed wastewater (RWW) on soil chemical properties and heavy metal uptake of selected forages, an experiment was carried out at Dhaid Research Station, UAE during three growing seasons (2014-2016). Alfalfa, Rhodes and Buffel grass were irrigated by RWW and grown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Composite soil samples were collected from the experimental site before starting the study and every six months from planting date to test the macro and heavy elements concentration in soil and forages tissues. Chemical analysis for soil, crops and wastewater were analyzed. RWW irrigation has significantly increased the soil salinity (1 to 8 dSm-1) in 2014 but soon these values were declined in 2015 and 2016 growing seasons due to the enhanced irrigation water quality and the use of good water management.Results revealed that UAE (Sharjah) domestic RWW is suitable to be reused for irrigate forages as its quality match international standards for RWW irrigation except its Na and Cl content. The results of the plants tissues analysis during 2014 season indicated a rise in the nutrients concentration, particularly nitrogen, potash, iron and boron, compared with the critical limits. While, the results have also shown a significant increase of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), especially in Buffel grass and Alfalfa tissues during the third season (2016) which exceeded the critical limits.The highest mean yearly dry weight yield during the study period were recorded for Buffel grass (50.5 ton ha-1) followed by Rhodes (44.5 ton ha-1) and Alfalfa (11.1 ton ha-1). It can be concluded that regular monitoring of recycled wastewater, soil and appropriate management are needed to mitigate the negative impacts of sodium and salts accumulations.
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Barna, Döme, Ibolya Oláhné Tóth, Miklós Gábor Fári e Nóra Bákonyi. "Deproteinized plant juice as part of circular economy: A short review and brief experimental data". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2020): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/3773.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the population of the Earth is constantly growing it generates an unmet demand for protein, which is an urgent problem. The protein extraction process is a potential solution, which offers high-quality plant protein suitable for animal and human nutrition at a favorable price. The process used within our project produces green juice from the green alfalfa biomass through pressing. After the coagulation of protein from this green juice, the by-product is called DPJ (Deproteinized Plant Juices) or brown juice. Our preliminary results match the international literature, namely that brown juice take up as much as 50% of the fresh biomass in weight. To utilize this by-product is a crucial part of the process to make it environmental-friendly and financially viable as well. The examined brown juice samples came from a small-scale experiment of alfalfa varieties carried out in the experimental farm at the University of Debrecen. According to our preliminary results, brown juice has high macro- and micronutrient values, furthermore, it has a potentially high amount of antioxidant compounds. The study highlights that brown juice is suitable as an ingredient in microbiological media, in plant nutrition as a supplementary solution, for feedstock and for preparing human food supplements or functional foods. The potential utilization of all biorefinery products makes it a very appropriate technology for today’s challenges.
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KRAMER, MARIANNE F., e DANIEL V. LIM. "A Rapid and Automated Fiber Optic–Based Biosensor Assay for the Detection ofSalmonella in Spent Irrigation Water Used in the Sprouting of Sprout Seeds". Journal of Food Protection 67, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2004): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.1.46.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent outbreaks of foodborne illness have been linked to the consumption of contaminated sprouts. The spent irrigation water used to irrigate sprouts can carry many microorganisms, including pathogenic strains ofEscherichia coli andSalmonella enterica. These pathogens are believed to originate from the seeds. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recommends that sprout producers conduct microbiological testing of spent irrigation water from each production lot at least 48 h after seeds have germinated. Microbial analysis for the detection ofSalmonella is labor-intensive and takes days to complete. A rapid and automated fiber-optic biosensor assay for the detection ofSalmonella in sprout rinse water was developed in this study. Alfalfa seeds contaminated with various concentrations ofSalmonella Typhimurium were sprouted. The spent irrigation water was assayed 67 h after alfalfa seed germination with the RAPTOR (Research International, Monroe, Wash.), an automated fiber optic–based detector.Salmonella Typhimurium could be positively identified in spent irrigation water when seeds were contaminated with 50 CFU/g. ViableSalmonella Typhimurium cells were also recovered from the waveguides after the assay. This biosensor assay system has the potential to be directly connected to water lines within the sprout-processing facility and to operate automatically, requiring manual labor only for preventative maintenance. Therefore, the presence ofSalmonella Typhimurium in spent irrigation water could be continuously and rapidly detected 3 to 5 days before the completion of the sprouting process.
20
Eastwood, Ruth J., Beri B. Tambam, Lawrence M. Aboagye, Zeynal I. Akparov, Sunday E. Aladele, Richard Allen, Ahmed Amri et al. "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: A Synopsis of Coordinated National Crop Wild Relative Seed Collecting Programs across Five Continents". Plants 11, n. 14 (13 luglio 2022): 1840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11141840.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change Project set out to improve the diversity, quantity, and accessibility of germplasm collections of crop wild relatives (CWR). Between 2013 and 2018, partners in 25 countries, heirs to the globetrotting legacy of Nikolai Vavilov, undertook seed collecting expeditions targeting CWR of 28 crops of global significance for agriculture. Here, we describe the implementation of the 25 national collecting programs and present the key results. A total of 4587 unique seed samples from at least 355 CWR taxa were collected, conserved ex situ, safety duplicated in national and international genebanks, and made available through the Multilateral System (MLS) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (Plant Treaty). Collections of CWR were made for all 28 targeted crops. Potato and eggplant were the most collected genepools, although the greatest number of primary genepool collections were made for rice. Overall, alfalfa, Bambara groundnut, grass pea and wheat were the genepools for which targets were best achieved. Several of the newly collected samples have already been used in pre-breeding programs to adapt crops to future challenges.
21
Koch, Natalie. "Desert Geopolitics". Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 41, n. 1 (1 maggio 2021): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8916953.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In 2014 the largest dairy company in the Middle East, Almarai, purchased a farm near Vicksburg, Arizona, to grow alfalfa as feed for cattle in Saudi Arabia. Almarai is headquartered at Al Kharj farms, just outside of Riyadh, where it has a herd of more than 93,000 milk cows. Given that dairy and alfalfa farms both require an immense amount of water to maintain, what explains these developments in the deserts of Arizona and Arabia? The answers are historical and contemporary, demanding an approach to “desert geopolitics” that explains how environmental and political narratives bind experts across space and time. As a study in political geography and environmental history, this article uncovers a geopolitics of connection that has long linked the US Southwest and the Middle East, as well as the interlocking imperial visions advanced in their deserts. To understand these arid entanglements, I show how Almarai's purchase of the Vicksburg farm is part of a genealogy of exchanges between Saudi Arabia and Arizona that dates to the early 1940s. The history of Al Kharj and the decades-long agricultural connections between Arizona and Saudi Arabia sheds light on how specific actors imagine the “desert” as a naturalized site of scarcity, but also of opportunity to build politically and economically useful bridges between the two regions.
22
Chwastyk-Kowalczyk, Jolanta. "Regina Wasiak-Taylor – animatorka kultury, dziennikarka, prezes Związku Pisarzy Polskich na Obczyźnie w Londynie". Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, n. 2(11) (2021): 73–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.02.11.04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the article is to present Regina Wasiak-Taylor – a person of many talents, as a journalist, an efficient animator of the cultural life of the Polish diaspora in Great Britain, a president of the Union of Polish Writers Abroad [hereinafter: ZPPnO – Związek Pisarzy Polskich na Obczyźnie]. The following methods have been used: qualitative analysis of the press content, critical analysis of documents, heuristic analysis, interviews. We get to know Mrs Wasiak-Taylor’s scope of activity: involvement in the organisational life of the ZPPnO, in the Pamiętnik Literacki [Literary Memoir] edited in London, practicing socio-cultural journalism and literary criticism, writing scientific articles, popularisation of the emigration’s literary life and Polish ballet, organizing, among others, multimedia theatre and stage programmes – Poetic Scene [Scena Poetycka] at the Polish Social and Cultural Association [POSK – Polski Ośrodek Społeczno-Kulturalny] in London. Also: initiation of the Literary Parlour within the Polish Watchfire at the Exhibition Road, addressed to the Polish and international intelligentsia in London, active participation in international scientific conferences. Regina Wasiak-Taylor conducts editorial work on books. She is the author of readings, laudations, and her own publications: Dzieje Nagrody Literackiej ZPPnO 1951–2011 [The History of the Literary Award of the ZPPnO 1951–2011] (London 2011), Ojczyzna literatura [Literature Fatherland] (London 2013), Alfabet wspomnień Szymona Zaremby. II Rzeczpospolita, II wojna światowa, emigracja [Szymon Zaremba’s Alphabet of Memories, Second Polish Republic, World War II, emigration] (London 2015). She initiates and promotes books by Polish authors and moderates other meetings of literary and scientific circles at the Polish Embassy in London, at the International Book Fair in Warsaw and at literary events in various places.
23
Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet K. "An Annotated List of Legume-Infecting Viruses in the Light of Metagenomics". Plants 10, n. 7 (10 luglio 2021): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Legumes, one of the most important sources of human food and animal feed, are known to be susceptible to a plethora of plant viruses. Many of these viruses cause diseases which severely impact legume production worldwide. The causal agents of some important virus-like diseases remain unknown. In recent years, high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled us to identify many new viruses in various crops, including legumes. This review aims to present an updated list of legume-infecting viruses. Until 2020, a total of 168 plant viruses belonging to 39 genera and 16 families, officially recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), were reported to naturally infect common bean, cowpea, chickpea, faba-bean, groundnut, lentil, peas, alfalfa, clovers, and/or annual medics. Several novel legume viruses are still pending approval by ICTV. The epidemiology of many of the legume viruses are of specific interest due to their seed-transmission and their dynamic spread by insect-vectors. In this review, major aspects of legume virus epidemiology and integrated control approaches are also summarized.
24
Ostrovsky, Victor, Nadezhda Filippova, Sergey Kokonov, Tatyana Ryabova e Olga Esenkulova. "Evaluation of winter hardiness and drought resistance of alfalfa varieties in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan". АгроЭкоИнфо 4, n. 58 (30 agosto 2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202134422.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research on the study of the adaptive properties of varieties of alfalfa variable for introduction into the forage production system in the sharply continental conditions of Northern Kazakhstan is an urgent task. The aim of the research is a comparative assessment of alfalfa varieties of different ecological and geographical origin in the conditions of the region. Experimental work was carried out on the basis of stationary field experiments, laid down in the Research and Production Center for Grain Farming named after. A.I. Baraev. The scheme of the experiment, which included 32 varieties of different ecological and geographical origin, including 10 varieties of Kazakhstan selection, 18 varieties of Russian selection, 3 varieties of Canadian selection and 1 variety - Ukrainian. Varieties Raikhan, Shortandinskaya 2, Karaganda 1 Karabalykskaya rainbow, Karabalykskaya Zhemchuzhina, Lyutsiya 14, Lazurnaya of Kazakh selection, varieties Guzel, Muslima, Sarga, Bibinur, Tatar pasture, Uralochka, Nakhodka of Russian selection and varieties Ferax, Rangelander of Canadian selection had an average variability of the trait, about as evidenced by the coefficient of variation V ≤ 20%. .6% drought tolerance. Keywords: ALUCERN VARIABLE, VARIETIES, WINTER HARDER, DROUGH RESISTANCE, VARIATION
25
Edeme, J., e J. Hanson. "First Report of Alfalfa mosaic, Bean common mosaic, and Broad bean stain viruses in Macrotyloma axillare". Plant Disease 84, n. 5 (maggio 2000): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.594d.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Chlorotic mottling, mosaic, malformation, and rolling were observed on leaves of the forage legume species Macrotyloma axillare at the International Livestock Research Institute seed multiplication site in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, in September 1999. M. axillare is a drought-resistant forage legume and a vigorous plant that is palatable to livestock. Disease assessment studies have shown that there can be a 46% reduction in the pod and dry-matter yield of plants infected with Alfalfa mosaic (AMV), Bean common mosaic (BCMV), and Broad bean stain (BBSV) viruses. Diseased leaf tissue (100 g) was tested for AMV, BCMV, and BBSV by antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Eighteen samples from four diseased plants were replicated six times for each virus. Nicotiana benthamiana was used as a negative control. Visual inspection and data obtained from the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) reader indicated that M. axillare was infected with BCMV, BBSV, and AMV. A pairwise comparison of the mean EIA data for the viruses and against the healthy control also indicated that M. axillare was infected with BCMV, BBSV, and AMV. This is the first report of BCMV, BBSV, and AMV on M. axillare. These viruses are of importance in quarantine because they can reduce pod yield in legumes by 40% (1). Reference: (1) A. V. Bogdan. 1977. Tropical Pasture and Fodder Plants. Longman Group Limited, New York.
26
Velásquez-Valle, R. "Geographic and Host Range of Meloidogyne spp. in North Central Mexico". Plant Disease 85, n. 4 (aprile 2001): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.4.445a.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A disease survey carried out in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in the states of Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, and Zacatecas revealed the dispersal of Meloidogyne spp in this region of Mexico. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Mirasol type plants showing general chlorosis, root rot, and galls were observed in central Zacatecas and western San Luis Potosí. Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants (Landrace Flor de Mayo) collected in western San Luis Potosí and Aguascalientes also showed root galls. Roots of squash (Cucurbita spp) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants that showed galled roots were found under dryland conditions in northern Zacatecas. Nursery peach (Prunus persica L.) plantlets with no foliar symptoms but showing severe root galling were detected in Zacatecas. Perineal patterns of Meloidogyne females obtained from those galled roots were coincident with those of M. incognita according to pictoral keys (1). This is the first report of M. incognita affecting these hosts in that region of the country. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants collected in Aguascalientes showed galls caused by Meloidogyne spp; this is the first report of this nematode affecting alfalfa in the state. Volunteer onion (Allium cepa L., ‘Grano Blanco’) plants growing in a squash field in eastern Zacatecas had galled roots; a few Meloidogyne spp. females were obtained from small galls. This is the first report of the root-knot nematode affecting onion plants in north central México. Onion is known to be a host for several species of this nematode (2). Stunted, chlorotic squash plants had roots severely galled by Meloidogyne spp, but pepper crops growing in the same field in previous years showed general chlorosis, reduced size, and poor yield did not have root galls. References: (1) Eisenback, J. D., et al. 1983. Guia para la identificación de las cuatro especiales más comunes del nematodo agallador (Meloidogyne spp.) con una clave pictorica. International Meloidogyne Project, Raleigh, NC. (2) Schwartz, H. F., and Mohan, S. K. 1995. Compendium of onion and garlic diseases. American Phytopathological Society. St. Paul. MN.
27
Guo, Xianwu, Margarita Flores, Patrick Mavingui, Sara Isabel Fuentes, Georgina Hernández, Guillermo Dávila e Rafael Palacios. "Natural Genomic Design in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Novel Genomic Architectures". Genome Research 13, n. 8 (agosto 2003): 1810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.1260903.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The complete nucleotide sequence of the genome of Sinorhizobium meliloti, the symbiont of alfalfa, was reported in 2001 by an international consortium of laboratories. The genome comprises a chromosome of 3.65 megabases (Mb) and two megaplasmids, pSymA and pSymB, of 1.35 Mb and 1.68 Mb, respectively. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the whole genome, we designed a pathway of consecutive rearrangements leading to novel genomic architectures. In a first step we obtained derivative strains containing two replicons; in a second step we obtained a strain containing the genetic information in one single replicon of 6.68 MB. From this last architecture we isolated revertants containing two replicons, and from these we could return to the original architecture showing the three replicons. We found that the relative frequency of excision of cointegrated replicons is higher at the site used for the cointegration than at other sites. This might conciliate two apparently opposed facts: the highly dynamic state of genomic architecture in S. meliloti and the common observation that different isolates and derived cellular clones of S. meliloti usually present the architecture of one chromosome and two distinct megaplasmids. Different aspects that must be considered to obtain full advantage of the strategy of natural genomic design are discussed.
28
梁, 新苗. "Development of Qualitative Reference Material of Genetically Modified Alfalfa Event J163". Botanical Research 11, n. 02 (2022): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/br.2022.112018.
Testo completo
29
Blümmel, M., M. Samad, O. P. Singh e T. Amede. "Opportunities and limitations of food - feed crops for livestock feeding and implications for livestock - water productivity". Rangeland Journal 31, n. 2 (2009): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj09005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper discusses the contribution of crop residues (CR) to feed resources in the context of the water productivity of CR in livestock feeding, using India as an example. It is argued that crop residues are already the single most important feed resource in many livestock production systems in developing countries and that increasing their contribution to livestock feeding needs to be linked to improving their fodder quality. Using examples from multi-dimensional crop improvement, it is shown that CR fodder quality of key crops such as sorghum, rice and groundnut can be improved by genetic enhancement without detriment to grain and pod yields. Improving crop residue quality through genetic enhancement, agronomic and management interventions and strategic supplementation could improve water productivity of farms and systems considerably. The draw-backs of CR based feeding regimes are also pointed out, namely that they result in only moderate levels of livestock productivity and produce higher greenhouse gas emissions than are observed under feeding regimes that are based on high quality forages and concentrates. It is argued that feed metabolisable energy (ME) content should be used as an important determinant of livestock productivity; water requirement for feed and fodder production should be related to a unit of feed ME rather than feed bulk. The paper also revisits data from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) work on livestock–water productivity in the Indian state of Gujarat, showing that water input per unit ME can vary several-fold in the same feed depending on where the feed is produced. Thus, the production of one mega joule of ME from alfalfa required 12.9 L of irrigation-derived water in south Gujarat but 50.7 L of irrigation-derived water in north Gujarat. Wheat straw in south Gujarat required 20.9 L of irrigation-derived water for 1 MJ ME and was in this instance less water use efficient than alfalfa. We conclude that water use efficiency across feed and fodder classes (for example crop residue v. planted forages) and within a feed is highly variable. Feeding recommendations should be made according to specific water use requirement per unit ME in a defined production system.
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Figueroa Cárdenas, Mario, María del Socorro Figueroa Béjar e Gildardo Cornejo Saucedo. "La vermicomposta orgánica: una compilación literaria encaminada hacia la sustentabilidad ambiental en el estado de Michoacán, México." INCEPTUM 14, n. 26 (18 aprile 2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33110/inceptum.v14i26.225.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
El objetivo del trabajo es proponer una alternativa de sustentabilidad ambiental mediante el uso de vermicomposta orgánica en el estado de Michoacán, México. El estudio se desarrolló del 01 de agosto al 30 de septiembre de 2018. Se realizó una revisión documental para el análisis sobre la eficiencia agronómica de la vermicomposta orgánica utilizada como fertilizante en suelos agrícolas y su importancia en los sistemas de producción agropecuaria. Para la interpretación de los resultados se analizó el desempeño de la vermicomposta para contrastar su eficiencia agronómica con insumos orgánicos derivados de residuos de cosecha procedentes del maíz y de alfalfa; para probar la hipótesis se emplearon modelos estadísticos y matemáticos que sustentan la confiabilidad del diseño experimental. Con este trabajo se expone la analogía que existe entre el desarrollo sustentable en términos ambientales al utilizar vermicomposta orgánica, como una información válida para el manejo de los sistemas de producción agropecuaria.
31
Seitov, Sanat. "LIVESTOCK IN KAZAKHSTAN: DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS". Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, n. 4 (8 gennaio 2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2022-122-129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The research was carried out in order to highlight the main problems that impede the increase in the competitiveness of Kazakhstani animal husbandry. The indicators of productivity (milk yield, shearing of wool from one sheep, etc.), as well as aggregated data (production volumes, indices of the physical volume of gross production) were used as criteria for assessing the development of the industry. In Kazakhstan, the share of beef pedigree cattle in 2019 accounted for only 11.5% of the total cattle population. The average live weight of cattle was 336 kg, the average slaughter weight was 175 kg, which is 2 times lower than world standards, the average live weight of 1 bird was 2.2 kg. The republic has a weak base for the production of basic feed for the fattening contingent, due to which its supply with such feed is at the level of 57.8% of the scientifically grounded norm. The share of breeding stock of dairy cattle (as of January 1, 2018) is 2.8%, birds of all types - 12.3% of the total livestock, sheep - 14.8%. In modern conditions, in order to increase competitiveness, it is necessary to focus efforts on solving such problems as providing highly productive breeding cattle and poultry; improving the fodder base by expanding the crops of corn, soybeans, alfalfa, chickpea; strengthening of preventive work against especially dangerous animal diseases; adaptation of scientific developments in the field of genetics, selection and fodder production to the current economic conditions in animal husbandry; accelerating the transfer of animal husbandry to new technologies; implementation of international standards for product quality and management
32
Parker, Richard. "A Chainstore Approach to Food Safety and Emerging Pathogens". HortTechnology 16, n. 4 (gennaio 2006): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.16.4.0555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pathogen control is of prime importance in the retail food industry. The Howard E. Butt Grocery Co. (HEB) instituted a testing program for Escherichia coli in 1997. Although not all strains of E. coli are harmful; it was chosen as a test organism because of the ease of assay and it is indicative of the potential presence of other pathogens. By the second quarter of 2000, HEB had reduced percentage of samples with E. coli from 15% to less than 5%. This was done with testing and producer educational programs to improve the safety of produce sold by HEB. Food suppliers to HEB must meet product safety and quality standards. HEB won the International Association for Food Protection's Black Pearl award in 1994, and was the first retailer to integrate hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) into their seafood markets. HEB's sampling program helped reduce E. coli levels in sprouts [alfalfa (Medicago sativa), bean (Phaseolus aureus), and radish (Raphanus sativus) sprouts], white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), and limes [persian lime (Citrus aurantifolia) and key lime (C. latifolia)], as well as in the prepared product, pico de gallo [a mixture of chopped tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), onion (Allium sativa), and cilantro (Coriandrum sativium)]. Incidence of E. coli in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) was related to the season of the year. E. coli levels varied with the crop, but generally better growers had lower E. coli regardless of crop. Country of origin has some effect on the incidence of E. coli, while organic vs. conventional production had little, if any, influence.
33
Pallas, V., F. Aparicio, M. C. Herranz, K. Amari, M. A. Sanchez-Pina, A. Myrta e J. A. Sanchez-Navarro. "Ilarviruses of Prunus spp.: A Continued Concern for Fruit Trees". Phytopathology® 102, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 1108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-12-0023-rvw.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. Among these viruses, members of the genus Ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. Although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, much later than for other agronomically relevant viruses. This was mainly due to the characteristic liability of virus particles in tissue extracts. In addition, ilarviruses, together with Alfalfa mosaic virus, are unique among plant viruses in that they require a few molecules of the coat protein in the inoculum in order to be infectious, a phenomenon known as genome activation. Another factor that has made the study of this group of viruses difficult is that infectious clones have been obtained only for the type member of the genus, Tobacco streak virus. Four ilarviruses, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Prune dwarf virus, Apple mosaic virus, and American plum line pattern virus, are pathogens of the main cultivated fruit trees. As stated in the 9th Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, virions of this genus are “unpromising subjects for the raising of good antisera.” With the advent of molecular approaches for their detection and characterization, it has been possible to get a more precise view of their prevalence and genome organization. This review updates our knowledge on the incidence, genome organization and expression, genetic diversity, modes of transmission, and diagnosis, as well as control of this peculiar group of viruses affecting fruit trees.
34
Zarei, Mehdi, Ali Fazlara e Maedeh S. Hamedani. "Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Iranian Commercial Honeys". Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, n. 7 (12 novembre 2019): 700–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401314666180606090908.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: All over the world, the quality of commercial honeys varies greatly depending on many factors. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Iranian commercial honeys to confirm their nutritional and economical quality. Methods: Fifty three honey samples from six different types, including alfalfa, milkvetch, lotus, thyme, coriander and multifloral honeys, were analyzed for pH, free acidity, electrical conductivity, Ash, moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural, reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, proline, color, total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical-scavenging activity. Results: : In total, physicochemical properties of different honey types were in the range of 4.3 ± 0.49 to 5.2 ± 0.49 for pH, 13.81 ± 2.5 to 26.22 ± 2.8 for free acidity (meq/kg), 15.95 ± 0.45 to 17.98 ± 0.97 for moisture (%), 282.2 ± 50.3 to 578 ± 47 for electrical conductivity (µS/cm), 0.14 ± 0.04 to 0.38 ± 0.03 for ash (g/100 g), 68.66 ± 4.3 to 72.09 ± 6.4 for reducing sugars (g/100 g), 34.67 ± 2.6 to 36.7 ± 2.2 for glucose (g/100 g), 31.9 ± 4.75 to 37.04 ± 4.0 for fructose (g/100 g), 6.1 ± 5.8 to 22.85 ± 10.9 for hydroxymethylfurfural (mg/kg), 426.7 ± 53.91 to 593.9 ± 108.6 for proline (mg/kg), 46.27 ± 4.3 to 96.04 ± 14.4 for color (mm) and 245.4 ± 48.45 to 573.9 ± 69.3 for total phenolic (mg/kg) content. In terms of antioxidant capacity, lotus and thyme honeys were preferable, while the highest level of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power were observed in lotus and thyme honeys. Conclusion: These results confirmed that the Iranian commercial honeys meet the quality standards established by national and international regulatory agencies.
35
李, 梦瑶. "Screening of Phosphorus and Potassium Dissolving Compound Bacteria and Its Biological Effects on Alfalfa and Ryegrass". Botanical Research 11, n. 02 (2022): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/br.2022.112020.
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Skipin, Leonid, Natalia Dyukova e Yuri Loginov. "The number of nodule bacteria of alfalfa with varying degrees of salinity of the nutrient medium". АгроЭкоИнфо 6, n. 54 (31 dicembre 2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202126627.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It was revealed that nodule bacteria reacted negatively to the alkaline reaction of the nutrient medium. This reaction was created with the participation of normal and bicarbonate of soda. The toxicity of bicarbonate and normal soda was 4-10 times higher than that of neutral salts. The predominance of soda in the composition of neutral salts (sulfate-soda salinization) increases their toxicity in comparison with the neutral type by 2.3-3.5 times. Neutral types of salinization, represented by one or several salts with the participation of sodium and magnesium at low concentrations (0.3-0.8%), had a favorable effect on the vital activity of nodule bacteria in nutrient media. At a salinity level of 2-3%, they are able to completely suppress the growth and development of nodule bacteria. The presence of calcium gypsum in the composition of easily soluble salts increased the resistance of microorganisms to increased salt concentration by 7.5 times in comparison with sulfate-soda salinization. Keywords: TYPE OF SALINITY, NODULE BACTERIA, ALFALFA, RESISTANCE OF THE MICROORGANISM, SALT CONCENTRATION
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Mowers, Ronald P., Bruna Bucciarelli, Yuanyuan Cao, Deborah A. Samac e Zhanyou Xu. "Good Statistical Practices in Agronomy Using Categorical Data Analysis, with Alfalfa Examples Having Poisson and Binomial Underlying Distributions". Crops 2, n. 2 (13 maggio 2022): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops2020012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Categorical data derived from qualitative classifications or countable quantitative data are common in biological scientific work and crop breeding. Categorical data analyses are important for drawing correct inferences from experiments. However, categorical data can introduce unique issues in data analysis. This paper discusses common problems arising from categorical variable analysis and modeling, demonstrates the issues or risks of misapplying analysis, and suggests approaches to address data analysis challenges using two data sets from alfalfa breeding programs. For each data set, we present several analysis methods, e.g., simple t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), split plot analysis, generalized linear model (glm), generalized linear mixed model (glmm) using R with R markdown, and with the standard statistical analysis software SAS/JMP. The goal is to demonstrate good analysis practices for categorical data by comparing the potential ‘bad’ analyses with better ones, avoiding too much reliance on reaching a significant p-value of 0.05, and navigating the morass of ever-increasing numbers of potential R functions. The three main aspects of this research focus on choosing the right data distribution to use, using the correct error terms for hypothesis test p-values including the right type of sum of the squares (Type I, II, and III), and proper statistical models for categorical data analysis. Our results show the importance of good statistical analysis practice to help agronomists, breeders, and other researchers apply appropriate statistical approaches to draw more accurate conclusions from their data.
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Sunandar, Agus, e Dwi Fitrizal Salim. "Comprehensive Analysis of Indonesian Retail Stocks Valuation in 2023". International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 12, n. 3 (20 settembre 2023): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v12i3.2843.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modern retail businesses in Indonesia are growing rapidly thanks to open market opportunities, manufacturing businesses that support product supply, and government support for economic growth through retail development. The purpose of this study is to determine the intrinsic value of shares of companies engaged in the food and staples retail sub-sector which in this case is represented by PT. Sumber Alfaria Trijaya, Tbk. (AMRT), PT. Diamond Food Indonesia, Tbk. (DMND), PT. Midi Utama Indonesia, Tbk. (MIDI), PT. Enseval Putera Megatrading, Tbk. (EPMT), and PT. Millenium Pharmacon Internatioanl, Tbk. (SDPC) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). This research uses historical data for 2018-2022 which will be used as the basis for projections for 2023-2027. The results showed that by using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, specifically the Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF) approach, under an optimistic scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, SDPC, and DMND were undervalued. EPMT and MIDI stocks are overvalued. In the moderate scenario, the intrinsic values of AMRT, MIDI, EPMT, and DMND are overvalued, while SDPC is undervalued. Calculations on a pessimistic scenario, all companies studied are overvalued. In this study, the valuation of stocks was also conducted using the Relative Valuation (RV) method with the Price to Earnings Ratio (PER) and Price to Book Value (PBV) approaches. In an optimistic scenario, the stocks of AMRT, MIDI, and SDPC are considered expensive, while EPMT and DMND are seen cheap. In a moderat scenario, the stocks AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are considered undervalued, while MIDI and DMND are seen expensive. In a pessimistic scenario, it is observed that AMRT, EPMT, and SDPC are undervalued, whereas MIDI and DMND are considered overvalued. This research aims to provide an objective assessment of the company, which investors can use to consider investments and by companies to enhance corporate value.
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McAllister, T. A., L. B. Selinger, L. R. McMahon, H. D. Bae, T. J. Lysyk, S. J. Oosting e K. J. Cheng. "Intake, digestibility and aerobic stability of barley silage inoculated with mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, n. 3 (1 settembre 1995): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-062.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of ensiling barley treated with two bacterial inoculants containing mixtures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium (1.0 × 105 cfu g−1 as fed silage) on the nutritional value and aerobic stability of barley silage was examined. Inoculants differed in the strains they contained and were originally selected by Pioneer Hi-Bred International for use with corn or alfalfa silage, SILA-BAC® (1174), or with grass silage (X2637). Concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates were higher (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Although inoculants appeared to increase the numbers of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) at ensiling, post-ensiling numbers (cfu g−1) of yeasts and molds were lower (P < 0.05) in inoculated than in control silages. Lactic acid concentrations and pH were similar among the silages and variations m the growth of yeast and mold populations could not be explained by differences in the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) among silages. Inoculation of barley silage with either inoculant increased (P < 0.01) the average daily gain of lambs. A digestibility experiment with 12 growing ram lambs showed that inoculants did not alter (P > 0.05) DM intake, feed efficiency or the digestion of DM, organic matter, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Nitrogen intake and retention were greater (P < 0.05) in lambs fed silage inoculated with 1174 as compared with control silage. Yeast populations were increased (P < 0.05) in control and 1174 after 2 d of exposure to air but it required 13 d for a similar yeast population to be established in X2637 silage. Increases in the mold populations within the silages were noted after 2, 5 and 13 d of exposure to air for control, 1174 and X2637, respectively. The temperature of control silage increased (P < 0.05) 2 d after exposure to air, whereas increases in temperature were delayed for 4 d in 1174 and 8 d in X2637. Temperatures rose as high as 30 °C in control silage, but did not exceed 24 °C in inoculated silages during the 13 d period. Key words: Barley silage, inoculant, digestion, aerobic stability, sheep, gain
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Najar, Asma, Safaa G. Kumari, Khaled M. Makkouk e Abderazzek Daaloul. "A Survey of Viruses Affecting Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in Tunisia Includes First Record of Soybean dwarf virus". Plant Disease 87, n. 9 (settembre 2003): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.9.1151b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A survey was conducted in April 2003 to identify viruses infecting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in six regions (Beja, Bizerte, Cap-bon, Le Kef, Siliana, and Zaghouan) in Tunisia. A total of 292 faba bean samples with symptoms of viral infection (leaf rolling, yellowing, and mosaic) were collected. The samples were tested at the virology laboratory of the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Syria, for 11 viruses using the tissue-blot immunoassay procedure (3). Specific rabbit polyclonal antisera were used to test for Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) (provided by H. J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV), Broad bean stain virus (BBSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and Pea seedborne mosaic virus (PSbMV) (ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria). In addition, four specific monoclonal antibodies were used to detect Bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) (4B10) (2), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) (ATCC PVAS-647; American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA), Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV) (3-2E9) (1), and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV) (ATCC PVAS-650). Serological tests showed that BBMV, a beetle-transmitted and seedborne virus identified in 23.3% (68 samples) of the samples tested, was the most common. BLRV, FBNYV, BWYV, BYMV, SbDV, and PSbMV were detected in 56, 33, 31, 10, 5, and 1 sample(s) of 292 samples tested, respectively. AMV, BBSV, CMV, and CpCDV were not detected in any samples tested. In Tunisia, BLRV, BWYV, BYMV, FBNYV, and PSbMV have previously been reported in faba bean (4), but to our knowledge, this is the first record of SbDV affecting faba bean in Tunisia, where it was detected in two fields in the Cap-bon Region. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by western blots, extracts from SbDV-infected plants were observed to contain 23-kDa structural proteins, which reacted strongly with SbDV monoclonal antibodies. Transmission tests showed that the samples, which reacted with SbDV monoclonal antibodies, were transmitted to faba bean plants by the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris) in a persistent manner. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SbDV naturally infecting faba bean in Tunisia and it could cause a serious problem to other leguminous crops grown in Tunisia, such as French bean and peas, which are hosts for the virus. References: (1) A. Franz and K. M. Makkouk Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996. (2) L. Katul. Characterization by serology and molecular biology of bean leaf roll virus and faba bean necrotic yellows virus. PhD thesis. University of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany, 1992. (3) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994. (4) A. Najar et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 39:423, 2000.
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Darmono, Darmono, Merlin Merlin e Rizki Maulana. "PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN ANAK BANGSA DI SANGGAR BIMBINGAN RAWANG, MALAYSIA". SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 7, n. 2 (16 giugno 2023): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v7i2.15179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRAKKuliah Kerja Nyata Pendidikan Kemitraan Internasional (KKN-DIK KI) ke VI yang dilaksanakan di Malaysia, Sanggar Bimbingan Rawang, jalan desa 4/3, Bandar Country Homes, kota Rawang selama 4 minggu yang dimulai pada tanggal 13 Maret 2023 sampai dengan 8 April 2023. Sanggar ini dipilih menjadi tempat KKN karena memiliki anak didik yang merupakan anak – anak Indonesia. KKN diawali dengan proses analisis SB guna mengetahui hal – hal yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadi acuan utama program kegiatan selama KKN berlangsung. Program – program dirancang secara berurutan dan sesuai kebutuhan SB, mulai dari rapat anggota untuk penetapan jadwal pelaksanaan program dan rapat dengan pembimbing sanggar. Dalam kegiatan KKN ini menggunakan beberapa metode mengajar kepada Anak – anak yang bersekolah di SB terebut. Ada metode belajar Akademik yang sama seperti di indonesia dan juga mengajar keterampilan untuk mengetahui bakat dari anak – anak tersebut, tujuannya agar anak – anak di SB bisa memiliki pendidikan yang layak. Pelaksanaan program kegiatan KKN dilakukan secara seimbang dan bertahap, diawali dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, serta evaluasi di akhir setiap program. Hasil dari keseluruhan program KKN diantaranya adalah pada bidang pendidikan, anak – anak SB bisa membaca alfabet dan berhitung, bidang budaya bisa mengetahui beberapa lagu nasional Indonesia dan lagu daerah, dalam bidang nasionalisme dapat mengetahui nama pahlawan juga provinsi di Indonesia, dalam bidang keagamaan dapat menambah hafalan surah pendek, dan dalam bidang kesehatan dapat menumbuhkan rasa peduli terhadap kebersihan lingkungan sekitar. Kata kunci: pendidikan; KKN – KI; malaysia; SIKL ABSTRACTThe VI International Partnership Education Real Work Lecture (KKN-DIK KI) was held in Malaysia, Rawang Guidance Studio, village road 4/3, Bandar Country Homes, Rawang City for 4 weeks starting on March 13 2023 until April 8 2023 This studio was chosen as the location for KKN because it has students who are Indonesian children. KKN begins with the SB analysis process to find out what is needed to become the main reference for program activities during KKN. Programs are designed sequentially and according to the needs of SB, starting from member meetings to setting program implementation schedules and meetings with studio supervisors.In this KKN activity, several teaching methods are used for the children who attend the SB. There is an Academic learning method that is the same as in Indonesia and also teaches skills to find out the talents of these children, the goal is that children in SB can have a proper education. The implementation of the KKN activity program is carried out in a balanced and gradual manner, starting with planning, implementation, and evaluation at the end of each program. The results of the entire KKN program include that in the field of education, SB children can read the alphabet and count, in the field of culture they can know several Indonesian national songs and folk songs, in the field of nationalism they can know the names of heroes as well as provinces in Indonesia, in the religious field they can add memorizing short surahs, and in the health sector can foster a sense of care for the cleanliness of the surrounding environment. Keywords: education; KKN – KI; malaysia; SIKL
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Kurniati, Ridha, Nurdin Saidi e Rosnani Nasution. "ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY FROM NEEM LEAF EXTRACT (Azadirachta indica A Juss)". Jurnal Natural 18, n. 1 (24 gennaio 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i1.8781.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Antifeedant activity of neem leaf (A. indica A. Juss) has been identified by against Tenebrio molitor bio-indicator. The highest activity was obtained on ethyl acetate extract at 0.5% concentration having Antifeedant Index (AI) of 51.53% and most active at 10% concentration of 82.05%. The method used to test the antifeedant activity is the no choice leaf disk method. Secondary metabolites contained in neem leaf extract (A. indica A. juss) include terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolics. Keywords: Neem leaf (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss), No choice leaf disk method, Antifeedant ActivityREFFERENCES Benge, M.D. 1986. Neem the Cornucopia Tree. S and T/FENR Agroforestation Technical Series No. 5. Agency for International Development Washington, D.C.190p.Schumutterer., H. 2002. Properties and Potensial of Natural pPsticides from Neem Tree, Azadirachta indica Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35; 271-291Alzohairy, M.A. 2016. Review Article Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Article ID 7382506, 11p.4. Patel, S.M., Venkata., K.C.N., Bhattacharyya, P., Sethi, G., Bishayee, A. 2016. Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica) For Prevention and treatment of Oncologic Diseases Seminar In Cancer BiologyDiabate, D., Gnago, J.A., Tano, Y., 2014. Toxicity, Antifeedant and Repellent, effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Jatropa carcus L. aqueous extracts agaianst Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res. 4 (11) : 51 – 60Jeyasankar, A., and Gokilamani, D., 2016. Biology and eco-friendly control of Amaranth pests, Hymenia recurvalis Fabricus and Psara basalis (Lepidoptera : Crambidae) Inter. J. Acad. Stud. 2 (4): 218 – 230.Pavunraj, M., Muthu, C., Ignacimuthu,S., Janarthanan, S., Duraipandiyan, V., Raja, N. and Vimalraj, S. 2011. Antifeedant Activity of a Novel 6-(4,7-hydroxyl-heptyl)Quinone From The Leaves of The Milkweed Pergularia daemia on The Cotton Bollworm Helicoverpa armegera (Hub.) and The Tobacco Armworm Spodoptera litura (Fab.) Phytoparasitica 39 : 145 – 150.Munoz, E., Lamilla, C., Marin, J.C., Alarcon, J., Cespedes, C.L.m 2012. Antifeedant, Insect Growth and Insecticidal Effec of Calceolaria talcana (Calceolariaceae) on Dropsopphila melanogaster and Spodoptera frugiperda Industrial Crops and Product, 42, 137 – 144.Saxena, M., Saxena, J., Nema, R., Singh, D and Gupta, A. 2013. Phytochemistry of Medicinal Plants Journal pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1;6.Liu, L., Zhao, Y.L., Cheng, G.G., Chen, Y.Y., Qin, angX.J., C.C.W., Yang, X.W., Liu, Y.P., Luo, X.D, 2014. Antifeedant activity and effect of fruits and seed extract of Cabralea canjerana canjerana (Vell.) Mart. (Meliaceae) on the immature stages of the fall armworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae Crops and Product. 65 ; 156 – 158.Schoonhven, LM. 1982. Biologycal Aspect of Antifeedant . Ent, Exp and Appl .31: 57 - 69Gahukar, R.T. 2014. Factor Affecting Content and Bioefficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Phytochemicals used in Agriculture pest control A Review. Crop Protection. 62: 93 – 99.Pattanaik, S.J., Ranghupati, N.D.,Chary, P.2006.Ecomorphometric Marker Reflect Variation in Azadirachtin Contents of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) in Select Regions of Andhra Pradesh India. Curr. Sci, 91:628 – 636.Adel, M.M., Sehnal, H., Jurzysta, M. 2000. Effects of Alfalfa safonin on the Moth Spodoptera litura Journal of Chemical Ecology, 26 : 7-14Shuklar, Y.N., Rani, A. Tripathi,A.K., Sharma, S. 1996. Antifeedant, Activity of Ursolic Acid Isolation from Duboisia myoporoides Phytotheraphy, 10 : 359 – 360Walter, J.F. 1999. Commercial With Neem Product, P. 155-170. In Franklin R, Hall and Julius J. Menn. Biopesticides Use and Delivery. Humana Press. Totowo, New Jersey.
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Hertati, Lesi. "PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERPAJAKAN DAN MODERNISASI SISTEM ADMINISTRASI PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI". JRAK (Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis) 7, n. 2 (17 luglio 2021): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.38204/jrak.v7i2.560.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
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Gede Ari Rama, Bagus, Dewa Krisna Prasada e Kadek Julia Mahadewi. "Urgensi Pengaturan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Dalam Bidang Hukum Hak Cipta Di Indonesia". JURNAL RECHTENS 12, n. 2 (6 dicembre 2023): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v12i2.2395.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta memahami urgensi pengaturan AI dalam UU Hak Cipta di Indonesia serta potensi AI sebagai subjek hukum dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia, Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normative serta menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan atau statue approach serta pendekatan perbandingan atau comparative approach. Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Apa urgensi pengaturan artificial intelligence dalam rezim hukum hak cipta di Indonesia? Dan Bagaimanakah potensi artificial intelligence sebagai subjek hukum dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia ? Dalam penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dalam UUHC Indonesia tidak mengenal AI sebagai subjek hukum, sehingga AI berdasarkan pada UUHC Indonesia tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai pencipta serta potensi AI untuk diakui sebagai entitas baru berkaitan dengan subjek hukum selain manusia dan badan hukum yang sebelumnya telah diakui sebagai subjek hukum di Indonesia sangat terbuka, mengingat AI dapat dipersamakan dengan badan hukum sesuai dengan teori-teori badan hukum serta adanya konsep Work Made For Hire yang terdapat dalam UUHC Amerika Serikat yang dapat diadopsi oleh Indonesia untuk mengakomodir AI sebagai suatu entitas baru berkaitan dengan subjek hukum yang diakui di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Kecerdasan Buatan, Hak Cipta, Subjek Hukum This study aims to determine and understand the urgency of AI regulation in the Copyright Law in Indonesia as well as the potential of AI as a legal subject in the legal system in Indonesia, This study uses normative research methods and uses a statutory approach or statue approach and a comparative approach. This study found that the Indonesian Copyrights Law does not recognize AI as a legal subject, so AI based on the Indonesian Copyrights Law cannot be classified as a creator and the potential for AI to be recognized as a new entity related to legal subjects other than humans and legal entities that have previously been recognized as legal subjects in Indonesia is so open, considering that AI can be equated with legal entities in accordance with theories of legal entities and the concept of Work Made For Hire contained in the United States Copyrights Law which can be adopted by Indonesia to accommodate AI as a new entity related to legal subjects recognized in Indonesia. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Copyright, Legal Subject REFERENCES ABC. “Ada Sejumlah Kekhawatiran di Balik Tren Avatar Buatan Lensa.” TEMPO.CO. Last modified December 13, 2022. Accessed November 6, 2023. https://www.tempo.co/abc/8118/ada-sejumlah-kekhawatiran-di-balik-tren-avatar-buatan-lensa. Amboro, F. L. 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Puspita, Ratna. “Wamenkumham: AI Berimplikasi Terhadap UU Hak Cipta.” Republika Online. Last modified October 14, 2021. Accessed November 6, 2023. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/r0ynzg428/wamenkumham-ai- berimplikasi-terhadap-uu-hak-cipta. Rodliyah, R., A. Suryani, and L. Husni. “Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi (Corporate Crime) Dalam Sistem HuKum Pidana Indonesia.” Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum 5, no. 1 (2020): 191–206. Tektona, R. I., N. K. Sari, and M. R. Alfaris. Quo Vadis Undang-Undang Hak Cipta Indonesia: Perbandingan Konsep Ciptaan Artificial Intelligence Di Beberapa Negara, 2021. Triatmojo, F., A. I. Hamzani, and K. Rahayu. Perlindungan Hak Cipta Lagu Komersil, 2021. Tus, D. S. A. K. “Hak Ekonomi Dan Hak Moral Karya Cipta Potret Di Sosial Media.” Vyavahara Duta 14, no. 1 (2019): 12–20. Wijaya, M., and H. Christianto. “Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Rumah Sakit Sebagai Korporasi Atas Tindakan Medis Dokter Di Luar Persetujuan Pasien.” Pamulang Law Review 5, no. 2 (2022): 193–206. “AI Milik Google Bisa Ciptakan Musik, Bakal Rilis dan Saingi ChatGPT?” cnnindonesia.com. Last modified January 30, 2023. Accessed November 6, 2023. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20230130140149-185-906599/ai-milik-google-bisa-ciptakan-musik-bakal-rilis-dan-saingi-chatgpt.
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Karls, Caleb W., David K. Combs, M. Liou e Daniel M. Schaefer. "Alfalfa biotypes with putative enhanced cell wall digestibility and effects on performance of growing beef steers". Translational Animal Science 6, n. 2 (9 marzo 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txac032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Three alfalfa biotypes were chosen based on the presumption that they would be sources of alfalfa herbage that differed in lignin concentration and therefore cell wall digestibility. The hypothesis was that a lesser lignin concentration would result in greater alfalfa neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility and greater beef steer growth performance. The three alfalfa biotypes were HarvXtra (Forage Genetics International), Hi-Gest 360 (Alforex Seeds), and a control alfalfa, LegenDairy XHD (Winfield Solutions LLC). High-moisture wrapped bales were prepared from second-harvest, d 30 crops. Digestibility of NDF was determined using in vitro incubations and a steer digestibility trial. Alfalfa baleage and trace mineral salt were fed to Angus steers (300 kg initial body weight, 4 pens/treatment) in an 83-day growing-phase trial. Alfalfa acid detergent lignin concentrations were 75.6, 71.8, and 63.0 g/kg dry matter (P = 0.34) for LegenDairy, Hi-Gest and HarvXtra, respectively. Based on in vitro total-tract NDF digestibility coefficients, HarvXtra tended (P ≥ 0.09) to have the highest NDF digestibility. Alfalfa biotype affected in vivo apparent total tract digestibility of NDF (P < 0.001) and there was a trend for an effect on acid detergent fiber digestibility (P = 0.051). Hi-Gest and HarvXtra had similar in vivo apparent NDF digestibilities, which were greater than for LegenDairy (P < 0.05). There was no alfalfa biotype effect on daily alfalfa dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.51) or average daily gain (P = 0.25) by growing steers. The absence of an effect by the novel alfalfa biotypes on DMI by growing steers suggests that the compositional and digestibility differences of the novel alfalfa biotypes compared to LegenDairy were not sufficient to alleviate the limitation of physical fill (if evident) on DMI. If more disparity in cell wall composition and NDF digestibility were to exist between control and reduced-lignin biotypes, then perhaps an advantage in cattle growth performance for a reduced-lignin alfalfa biotype would be detectable.
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Aprianoto, Aprianoto. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekolah Melalui “English Alphabetical Pronunciation” Siswa SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur". Abdi Masyarakat 2, n. 1 (18 giugno 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/abdi.v2i1.1701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini memilih topik “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekolah Melalui “English Alphabetical Pronunciation” Siswa SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur”. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bahasa di SMPN 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur dibawah bimbingan langsung DPL dan Mahasiswa bahasa Inggris FPBS-IKIP Mataram. Materi yang disampaikan dari buku yang berjudul “The sound of English: A Reference Manual for using the International Phonetic Alphabet” yang ditulis oleh Aiken dan Pearce (1993). Adapun unsur materi yang disampaikan meliputi 12 vokal (Vowel); 8 Vokal rangkap (diphtong) dan 24 Consonants (konsonan atau huruf mati). Peserta yang terlibat dalam pengabdian pada masyarakat ini berjumlah 30 orang. Mereka adalah siswa-siswi kelas II SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dalam 4 kegiatan yaitu; ceramah, mendengarkan kaset dan memcocokan simbol Alfabet pada hand out yang dibagikan pada setiap peserta, tanya jawab dan latihan secara individu maupun kelompok. Semua kegiatan berjalan lancar berkat bantuan/demontrasi ekstra dari penceramah. Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian ini antara lain untuk memperkenalkan ucapan alfabet bahasa Inggris yang benar, memperkaya pengetahuan para siswa-siswi tentang alfabet bahasa Asing (Inggris) dan mempraktikan sendiri pengucapan alfabet dengan bantuan simbol-simbol yang ada di dalam kamus, dan dapat membandingkan ucapan alfabet bahasa Inggris dengan Bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa Arab yang jauh lebih mereka kuasai. Pengabdian ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk memacu minat siswa-siswi untuk belajar mandiri tanpa selalu berada di kelas dengan bantuan guru, dan dengan demikian diharapkan bahasa Inggris siswa-siswi tersebut akan lebih baik dan komunikatif. Evaluasi selama pengabdian menunjukkan respon positip dari peserta. Ini sebagai indicator masih dirasakan perlunya bimbingan extra tentang bahasa Inggris dan untuk itu dirasakan perlu tindak lanjut dikemudian hari dengan peserta yang bervariasi.
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Aprianoto, Aprianoto. "Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekolah Melalui “English Alphabetical Pronunciation” Siswa SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur". Abdi Masyarakat 2, n. 1 (18 giugno 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.58258/abdi.v2i1.1701.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini memilih topik “Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekolah Melalui “English Alphabetical Pronunciation” Siswa SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur”. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bahasa di SMPN 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur dibawah bimbingan langsung DPL dan Mahasiswa bahasa Inggris FPBS-IKIP Mataram. Materi yang disampaikan dari buku yang berjudul “The sound of English: A Reference Manual for using the International Phonetic Alphabet” yang ditulis oleh Aiken dan Pearce (1993). Adapun unsur materi yang disampaikan meliputi 12 vokal (Vowel); 8 Vokal rangkap (diphtong) dan 24 Consonants (konsonan atau huruf mati). Peserta yang terlibat dalam pengabdian pada masyarakat ini berjumlah 30 orang. Mereka adalah siswa-siswi kelas II SMP N 1 Aikmel Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Pengabdian dilaksanakan dalam 4 kegiatan yaitu; ceramah, mendengarkan kaset dan memcocokan simbol Alfabet pada hand out yang dibagikan pada setiap peserta, tanya jawab dan latihan secara individu maupun kelompok. Semua kegiatan berjalan lancar berkat bantuan/demontrasi ekstra dari penceramah. Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian ini antara lain untuk memperkenalkan ucapan alfabet bahasa Inggris yang benar, memperkaya pengetahuan para siswa-siswi tentang alfabet bahasa Asing (Inggris) dan mempraktikan sendiri pengucapan alfabet dengan bantuan simbol-simbol yang ada di dalam kamus, dan dapat membandingkan ucapan alfabet bahasa Inggris dengan Bahasa Indonesia atau bahasa Arab yang jauh lebih mereka kuasai. Pengabdian ini diharapkan bermanfaat untuk memacu minat siswa-siswi untuk belajar mandiri tanpa selalu berada di kelas dengan bantuan guru, dan dengan demikian diharapkan bahasa Inggris siswa-siswi tersebut akan lebih baik dan komunikatif. Evaluasi selama pengabdian menunjukkan respon positip dari peserta. Ini sebagai indicator masih dirasakan perlunya bimbingan extra tentang bahasa Inggris dan untuk itu dirasakan perlu tindak lanjut dikemudian hari dengan peserta yang bervariasi.
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Torfadóttir, Bryndís, e Bjarni Már Magnússon. "Eineðli lands- og þjóðaréttar í dómum Hæstaréttar til 1975". Tímarit lögfræðinga 72, n. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/tl.72.2.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Útdráttur: Samspil lands- og þjóðaréttar er margþætt álitaefni. Snemma var gengið út frá því í íslenskum fræðiskrifum að kenningin um tvíeðli einkenndi íslenskan rétt. Sú umfjöllun var alfarið án tengingar við dóma Hæstaréttar fram á síðari hluta 20. aldar. Í grein þessari er rýnt í dóma Hæstaréttar um ólöglegar botnvörpuveiðar erlendra aðila sem féllu á tímabilinu 1920 til 1975 til að varpa ljósi á þau mál. Af þeirri athugun er dregin sú ályktun að skil hafi verið á milli dómaframkvæmdar og fræðiskrifa á tímabilinu sem um ræðir. Á sama tíma og því var lýst í fræðiskrifum að íslenskur réttur einkenndist af tvíeðliskenningunni birtust eineðlissjónarmið í 18 af þeim 20 hæstaréttardómum sem dómarannsókn þessi tekur til, en tvíeðlissjónarmið koma hvergi fyrir. Þjóðaréttur. Hafréttur. Stjórnskipunarréttur. Réttarsaga. Dómstólar. Lögsaga. MONISM IN ICELANDIC COURT JUDGMENTS UNTIL 1975 Bryndís Torfadóttir, lawyer at Norðdahl, Narfi & Silva law firm, and Bjarni Már Magnússon, professor at the Bifröst University Department of Law: Abstract: Since Icelandic legal scholars began to consider the connection between international and domestic law the assumption has been that the interconnection can be characterized by dualism rather than monism. This article examines the application of international law by the Supreme Court of Iceland in cases concerning legislation forbidding bottom trawling in the period 1920–1975 to discover whether the scholarly assumption is in line with the jurisprudence of the Court. It concludes that there was a divide between Icelandic legal scholarship in that period and the case law of the Supreme Court, where only monistic views can be detected in 18 judgements out of the twenty that are examined. International Law. Law of the sea. Constitutional law. Legal history. Courts. Jurisdiction.
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Brehm-Stecher, Byron, e Bledar Bisha. "Flow Cytometry for Rapid Detection of Salmonella spp. in Seed Sprouts". ScienceOpen Research, 31 dicembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-life.aj19wr.v1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Seed sprouts (alfalfa, mung bean, radish, etc.) have been implicated in several recent national and international outbreaks of salmonellosis. Conditions used for sprouting are also conducive to the growth of Salmonella. As a result, this pathogen can quickly grow to very high cell densities during sprouting without any detectable organoleptic impact. Seed sprouts typically also support heavy growth (~108 CFU g-1) of a heterogeneous microbiota consisting of various bacterial, yeast and mold species, often dominated by non-pathogenic members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. This heavy background may present challenges to the detection of Salmonella, especially if this pathogen is present in relatively low numbers. We combined DNA-based fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with flow cytometry (FCM) for the rapid molecular detection of Salmonella enterica Ser. Typhimurium in artificially contaminated alfalfa and other seed sprouts. Components of the assay included a set of cooperatively binding probes, a chemical blocking treatment intended to reduce non-specific background and sample concentration via tangential flow filtration (TFF). We were able to detect S. Typhimurium in sprout wash at levels as low as 103 CFU ml-1 sprout wash (104 CFU g-1 sprouts) against high microbial backgrounds (~108 CFU g-1 sprouts). Hybridization times were typically 30 min, with additional washing, but we ultimately found that S. Typhimurium could be readily detected using hybridization times as short as 2 min, without a wash step. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of combined DNA-FISH and FCM for rapid detection of Salmonella in this challenging food matrix and provides industry with a useful tool for compliance with sprout production standards proposed in the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA).
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Gustin, Marco, e Alessandro Ferrarini. "Spatio-temporal patterns of the Red-footed Falcon’s hunting behavior during the nestling period suggest ad hoc conservation policies". Avian Research 12, n. 1 (8 febbraio 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00243-y.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) is a species of high international conservation interest. We analyzed its hunting behavior at the two largest colonies in Italy during the nestling period. Using accurate data-loggers, we tracked three adult Red-footed Falcons in June and July, 2019 and collected 4703 GPS points. We detected clear patterns of hovering and perching activity (HPA) in both time and space. HPA occupied one-third of the Red-footed Falcons’ day, and showed two peaks just after sunrise (between 35 and 40% of the monitoring time) and just before sunset (50‒60%) in both June and July, and minimum (20‒30%) at night and during the hottest time interval (10:00 a.m.‒4:00 p.m.). Almost 40% of HPA occurred within 50 m from nests. Our findings, although preliminary, have important implications for the conservation of these two colonies that are located within two Natura 2000 sites. The detected spatio-temporal patterns of Red-footed Falcons’ hunting behavior suggests the creation of two nested protection belts: the inner one is a narrow belt (up to 50 m from the two rows of trees that host the two colonies) with integral conservation, and hopefully increase the alfalfa crops and fallow land, and the outer belt (50 m‒2 km) with optimized agricultural activities.