Bibliografie tematiche / Air-sea interactions

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Brandt, A., G. Geernaert, A. I. Weinstein e J. Dugan. "Submesoscale air-sea interactions studied". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 74, n. 11 (16 marzo 1993): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/93eo00089.

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Sun, Jielun, e Jeffrey R. French. "Air–Sea Interactions in Light of New Understanding of Air–Land Interactions". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, n. 10 (21 settembre 2016): 3931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0354.1.

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Abstract Air–sea interactions are investigated using the data from the Coupled Boundary Layers Air–Sea Transfer experiment under low wind (CBLAST-Low) and the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment (SWADE) over sea and compared with measurements from the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) over land. Based on the concept of the hockey-stick transition (HOST) hypothesis, which emphasizes contributions of large coherent eddies in atmospheric turbulent mixing that are not fully captured by Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, relationships between the atmospheric momentum transfer and the sea surface roughness, and the role of the sea surface temperature (SST) and oceanic waves in the turbulent transfer of atmospheric momentum, heat, and moisture, and variations of drag coefficient Cd(z) over sea and land with wind speed V are studied. In general, the atmospheric turbulence transfers over sea and land are similar except under weak winds and near the sea surface when wave-induced winds and oceanic currents are relevant to wind shear in generating atmospheric turbulence. The transition of the atmospheric momentum transfer between the stable and the near-neutral regimes is different over land and sea owing to the different strength and formation of atmospheric stable stratification. The relationship between the air–sea temperature difference and the turbulent heat transfer over sea is dominated by large air temperature variations compared to the slowly varying SST. Physically, Cd(z) consists of the surface skin drag and the turbulence drag between z and the surface; the increase of the latter with decreasing V leads to the minimum Cd(z), which is observed, but not limited to, over sea.

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Xie, Lian, Bin Liu, John Morrison, Huiwang Gao e Jianhong Wang. "Air-Sea Interactions and Marine Meteorology". Advances in Meteorology 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162475.

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Long, Zhenxia, e Will Perrie. "Air-sea interactions during an Arctic storm". Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117, n. D15 (4 agosto 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jd016985.

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Sui, C.-H., X. Li, K.-M. Lau e D. Adamec. "Multiscale Air–Sea Interactions during TOGA COARE". Monthly Weather Review 125, n. 4 (aprile 1997): 448–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0448:masidt>2.0.co;2.

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Seo, Hyodae, Larry W. O’Neill, Mark A. Bourassa, Arnaud Czaja, Kyla Drushka, James B. Edson, Baylor Fox-Kemper et al. "Ocean Mesoscale and Frontal-Scale Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions and Influence on Large-Scale Climate: A Review". Journal of Climate 36, n. 7 (1 aprile 2023): 1981–2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0982.1.

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Abstract Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale processes, including semipermanent and meandrous SST fronts, mesoscale eddies, and filaments. The air–sea exchanges in latent heat, sensible heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide associated with this so-called mesoscale air–sea interaction are robust near the major western boundary currents, Southern Ocean fronts, and equatorial and coastal upwelling zones, but they are also ubiquitous over the global oceans wherever ocean mesoscale processes are active. Current theories, informed by rapidly advancing observational and modeling capabilities, have established the importance of mesoscale and frontal-scale air–sea interaction processes for understanding large-scale ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and weather and climate variability. However, numerous challenges remain to accurately diagnose, observe, and simulate mesoscale air–sea interaction to quantify its impacts on large-scale processes. This article provides a comprehensive review of key aspects pertinent to mesoscale air–sea interaction, synthesizes current understanding with remaining gaps and uncertainties, and provides recommendations on theoretical, observational, and modeling strategies for future air–sea interaction research. Significance Statement Recent high-resolution satellite observations and climate models have shown a significant impact of coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions mediated by small-scale (mesoscale) ocean processes, including ocean eddies and fronts, on Earth’s climate. Ocean mesoscale-induced spatial temperature and current variability modulate the air–sea exchanges in heat, momentum, and mass (e.g., gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide), altering coupled boundary layer processes. Studies suggest that skillful simulations and predictions of ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and weather events and climate variability depend on accurate representation of the eddy-mediated air–sea interaction. However, numerous challenges remain in accurately diagnosing, observing, and simulating mesoscale air–sea interaction to quantify its large-scale impacts. This article synthesizes the latest understanding of mesoscale air–sea interaction, identifies remaining gaps and uncertainties, and provides recommendations on strategies for future ocean–weather–climate research.

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Castellari, Sergio, Nadia Pinardi e Kevin Leaman. "A model study of air–sea interactions in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Marine Systems 18, n. 1-3 (dicembre 1998): 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-7963(98)90007-0.

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Shukla, J. "Air-sea-land interactions: Global and regional habitability". Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 15, n. 4 (dicembre 1985): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01808179.

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Nelson, Jill, Ruoying He, John C. Warner e John Bane. "Air–sea interactions during strong winter extratropical storms". Ocean Dynamics 64, n. 9 (30 luglio 2014): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-014-0745-2.

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Dobrovolski, S. G. "South Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies and air-sea interactions: stochastic models". Annales Geophysicae 12, n. 9 (31 agosto 1994): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0903-9.

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Abstract. Data on the South Atlantic monthly sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) are analysed using the maximum-entropy method. It is shown that the Markov first-order process can describe, to a first approximation, SSTA series. The region of maximum SSTA values coincides with the zone of maximum residual white noise values (sub-Antarctic hydrological front). The theory of dynamic-stochastic climate models is applied to estimate the variability of South Atlantic SSTA and air-sea interactions. The Adem model is used as a deterministic block of the dynamic-stochastic model. Experiments show satisfactorily the SSTA intensification in the sub-Antarctic front zone, with appropriate standard deviations, and demonstrate the leading role of the abnormal drift currents in these processes.

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Tesi sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Bramson, Laura S. "Air-sea interactions and deep convection in the Labrador Sea". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA342378.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1997.
"December 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Peter Guest, Roland Garwood. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-74). Also available online.

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Parfitt, Rhys. "Extreme air-sea interactions over the Gulf Stream". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24570.

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The ocean carries more heat poleward than the atmosphere at low latitudes, whilst the reverse occurs at high latitudes. In the Northern Hemisphere, the largest ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes occur over the Gulf Stream, suggesting that an ocean-atmosphere 'relay' is active at mid-latitudes. This thesis is concerned with the significance of the extremes in air-sea heat fluxes over the Gulf Stream. In the first research chapter, the direct interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere is examined in the ERA-Interim dataset. Based on Lagrangian trajectory calculations, the most extreme air-sea heat flux events are found to be associated entirely with air of continental origin. The subsequent heat gain in the overlying air is caused almost completely by surface heat fluxes. For average air-sea heat fluxes, the associated air is both continental and maritime in origin, with a noticeable contribution to the heat content of the air parcels from entrainment at the top of the boundary layer. The second research chapter determines the causes for variations in surface heat flux in the ERA-Interim dataset. Roughly 90% of the time, one observes a baroclinic waveguide of varying strength over the Gulf Stream, setting the intensity of the air-sea heat exchange and the mean state in precipitation and tropospheric wind divergence. A potential mechanism whereby a change in sea-surface temperature gradient could cause an alteration of these mean patterns is discussed. Finally, the link between sea-surface temperature gradients and atmospheric fronts is explored in model simulations. A smoothing in the sea-surface temperature gradient is found to broadly reduce front intensity over the Gulf Stream. Increases in front intensity are shown to be consistent with a thermal damping mechanism. A significant effect is also observed on the regional precipitation and tropospheric vertical velocity, as well as on the direction of frontal propagation.

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Fiedler, Emma. "Air-sea-ice interactions at the Ronne Polynya, southern Weddell Sea, Antartica". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518354.

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Kuninaka, Akira. "Air-sea interactions and water mass structure of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA345980.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1998.
"March 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Peter C. Chu, Robert H. Bourke. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62). Also available online.

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Krebs-Kanzow, Uta [Verfasser]. "Air-sea interactions during glacial Heinrich events / Uta Krebs". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1019732083/34.

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MERONI, AGOSTINO NIYONKURU. "Interactions between the ocean and extreme meteorological events". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199143.

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Le interazioni oceano-atmosfera sono di primaria importanza sia in ambito climatico che meteorologico. Sono importanti sia su scale temporali orarie, come nell'intensificazione di cicloni tropicali, che su scale interannuali o interdecadali, come nel modo di variabilità climatica ENSO. Questa tesi si focalizza sui transferimenti di energia e quantità di moto all'interfaccia aria-mare in processi su scale temporali brevi caratterizzati da condizioni estreme. Sono presi in considerazione sia la risposta dinamica dell'oceano ad una forzante atmosferica estrema che l'effetto dello stato del mare sullo sviluppo di un evento meteorologico estremo. I sistemi studiati sono il campo di onde interne oceaniche nella scia di un ciclone tropicale e il ruolo dello stato termico dell'oceano superficiale nello sviluppo di piogge intense. In particolare, gli scambi di energia tra onde interne oceaniche nella scia di un ciclone tropicale idealizzato sono studiati con un approccio teorico supportato da appropriate simulazioni numeriche alle equazioni primitive. Si vuole capire come i cicloni tropicali possano contribuire al mescolamento oceanico interno in luoghi lontani dalla loro scia. Infatti, nonostante siano intermittenti nel tempo e nello spazio, sono caratterizzati da venti molto intensi, che eccitano onde interne oceaniche. Esse contribuiscono al mescolamento lontano dal luogo in cui sono state generate, attraverso la loro rottura. Dato che la propagazione di energia è legata alle loro caratteristiche spettrali, una descrizione dettagliata di come l'energia è divisa tra modi verticali e frequenze aiuta a quantificare l'estensione e la velocità di tale propagazione. Una nuova descrizione analitica degli scambi energetici che portano alla formazione del picco doppio-inerziale viene introdotta sulla base della teoria sviluppata. Rispetto a lavori precedenti, si considera una stratificazione oceanica realistica e viene sottolineata una possibile cascata energetica dalla larga scala della forzante atmosferica alla piccola scala del mescolamento. L'altra categoria di eventi estremi considerata è quella del sistemi convettivi a mesoscala (MCS). Essi sono fenomeni comuni lungo le coste del Mediterraneo e rilasciano abbondanti volumi di pioggia in poche ore e su aree dell'ordine di 100 km2. Si sa che un mare mediamente più caldo in prossimità di un MCS produce più pioggia, ma prima di questa tesi non c'erano informazioni circa l'influenza che un pattern spaziale di temperatura marina superficiale (SST) a scala chilometrica potesse avere sull'evento precipitativo. Opportune simulazioni atmosferiche, eseguite con un modello numerico non-idrostatico alle equazioni primitive, fanno luce sui meccanismi attraverso cui le strutture alla sotto-mesoscala di SST possono influenzare la struttura del vento superficiale e, di conseguenza, possono influenzare l'evoluzione della pioggia intensa. Si trova che, attraverso un maggiore mescolamento verticale di quantità di moto su aree di SST più calda, la presenza di fronti di temperatura nel mare può significativamente influenzare la convergenza superficiale, che è spesso l'elemento scatenante della convezione nei MCS, su scale temporali orarie. Questo potrebbe anche far spostare le linee di pioggia. Viene introdotta, poi, la possibilità di un fenomeno di retroazione oceanico legato al profilo verticale di temperatura. Con simulazioni accoppiate oceano-atmosfera, si trova che, in condizioni particolari, i venti intensi in cui il MCS è inglobato possono mischiare l'oceano superficiale a tal punto che la stabilità atmosferica è aumentata e la convezione è soppressa. Tali condizioni, tipiche della tarda estate, sono caratterizzate da uno strato mescolato sottile e una forte stratificazione. Questo potrebbe essere il motivo per cui i MCS sono generalmente osservati più avanti nell'anno, quando lo strato mescolato è più profondo e tale effetto oceanico di mitigazione è assente.
Ocean-atmosphere interactions are of paramount importance in both climatic and meteorological contexts. They are known to play important roles from hourly time scales, such as in the intensification of tropical cyclones, to interannual and even longer time scales, such as in El Niño Southern Oscillation mode of variability of the climate system. The focus of this thesis has been on the energy and momentum transfers at the air-sea interface in short time scales processes characterized by extreme conditions. Both the oceanic dynamical response to an extreme atmospheric forcing and the effects of the sea state on the development of a meteorological extreme event are considered. The systems under study are the ocean internal wave field in the wake of a tropical cyclone and the role of the upper ocean thermal state on the development of heavy rainfalls. In particular, the energy exchanges among oceanic internal waves in the wake of an idealized tropical cyclone are studied with a theoretical approach supported by relevant primitve equation numerical simulations. The goal of this analysis is to understand how tropical cyclones might contribute to the internal ocean mixing in locations far from their track. In fact, despite their intermittency in space and time, they are characterized by very intense winds, which are known to excite oceanic internal waves. These are thought to contribute to ocean mixing far from their generation site through their breaking. Since the energy propagation is linked to the spectral features of the waves, a detailed description of the energy partitioning in different vertical modes and frequencies helps to better constrain the extent and the velocity of such energy propagation. A new detailed analytical description of the exchanges leading to the formation of the first superinertial peak is introduced on the basis of the theory developed. Compared to previous works, a realistic oceanic stratification is included and a path for the energy cascade from the large scales of the atmospheric forcing to the small scales of the mixing is highlighted. The second category of extreme events considered are the heavy-rain-producing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). They are common phenomena along the coasts of the Mediterranean sea and they release large amounts of rain in few hours and over relatively small areas, O(100 km2). It is known that an average warmer sea in the vicinity of their location produces a larger volume of rain, but before this thesis work no information was available on the influence that a spatial pattern of sea surface temperature (SST), with structures on the kilometric scale, might have on the precipitation event. Appropriate atmospheric numerical simulations, run with a non-hydrostatic primitive equation model, shed light on the mechanisms through which submesoscale SST oceanic features can influence the surface wind structure and, in turns, can affect the evolution of the heavy rainfall. It is found that through enhanced vertical momentum mixing in the atmosphere over warmer SST areas, the presence of temperature fronts in the sea can significantly affect the surface wind convergence, which is often the trigger for deep convection in MCSs, over hourly time scales. This might also lead to significant displacement of the rain bands. The possibility of an ocean dynamical feedback related to the vertical temperature profile is then introduced. By means of atmosphere-ocean coupled numerical simulations, it is found that in particular conditions the intense winds in which the MCS is embedded can mix the upper ocean strongly enough to enhance the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer and suppress deep convection. Such conditions, characterized by a shallow mixed layer and strong stratification, are typical of the late summer. This could be the reason why MCSs are generally observed later during the year, when the mixed layer is deeper and this oceanic mitigating effect is absent.

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Desflots, Melicie. "Environmental and Internal Controls of Tropical Cyclones Intensity Change". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/120.

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Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change is governed by internal dynamics (e.g. eyewall contraction, eyewall replacement cycles, interactions of the inner-core with the rainbands) and environmental conditions (e.g. vertical wind shear, moisture distribution, and surface properties). This study aims to gain a better understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for TC intensity changes with a particular focus to those related to the vertical wind shear and surface properties by using high resolution, full physics numerical simulations. First, the effects of the vertical wind shear on a rapidly intensifying storm and its subsequent weakening are examined. Second, a fully coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model with a sea spray parameterization is used to study the impact of sea spray on the hurricane boundary layer. The coupled model consists of three components: the high resolution, non-hydrostatic, fifth generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR mesoscale model (MM5), the NOAA/NCEPWAVEWATCH III (WW3) ocean surface wave model, and theWHOI threedimensional upper ocean circulation model (3DPWP). Sea spray parameterizations were developed at NOAA/ESRL and modified by the author to be introduced in uncoupled and coupled simulations. The model simulations are conducted in both uncoupled and coupled modes to isolate various physical processes influencing TC intensity. The very high-resolutionMM5 simulation of Hurricane Lili (at 0.5 km grid resolution) showed a rapid intensification associated with a contracting eyewall. Changes in both the magnitude and the direction of the vertical wind shear associated with an approaching upper-tropospheric trough were responsible for the weakening of the storm before landfall. Hurricane Lili weakened in a 5-10 m/s vertical wind shear environment. The simulated storm experienced wind shear direction normal to the storm motion, which produced a strong wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry in the downshear-left quadrant of the storm. The rainfall asymmetry was confirmed by various observations from the TRMM satellite and the WSR-88D ground radar in the coastal region. The increasing vertical wind shear induced a vertical tilt of the vortex with a time lag of about 5-6 hours after the wavenumber one rainfall asymmetry was first observed in the model simulation. Other key factors controlling intensity and intensity change in tropical cyclones are the air-sea fluxes. Accurate measurement and parameterization of air-sea fluxes under hurricane conditions are challenging. Although recent studies have shown that the momentum exchange coefficient levels off at high wind speed, little is known about the high wind behavior of the exchange coefficient for enthalpy flux. One of the largest uncertainties is the potential impact of sea spray. The current sea spray parameterizations are closely tied to wind speed and tend to overestimate the mediated heat fluxes by sea spray in the hurricane boundary layer. The sea spray generation depends not only on the wind speed but also on the variable wave state. A new spray parameterization based on the surface wave energy dissipation is introduced in the coupled model. In the coupled simulations, the wave energy dissipation is used to quantify the amount of wave breaking related to the generation of sea spray. The spray parameterization coupled to the waves may be an improvement compared to sea spray parameterizations that depends on wind speed only.

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Hood, Eda Maria. "Characterization of air-sea gas exchange processes and dissolved gas/ice interactions using noble gasses". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9815.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-266).
by Eda Maria Hood.
Ph.D.

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Klingaman, Nicholas Pappas. "The intraseasonal oscillation of the Indian summer monsoon : air-sea interactions and the potential for predictability". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501512.

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Summer monsoon rainfall accounts for at least 80% of the annual-total precipitation in many Indian states. Intraseasonal variations (ISV) in rainfall produce floods and droughts that can devastate agriculture. ISVs are dominated by a 30-50 day northward-propagating oscillation (NPISO) between the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEqIO) and India. This thesis evaluates the hypothesis that atmosphere-ocean interactions are critical to the NPISO's period, intensity, and propagation. Two simple NPISO indices are created from lag correlations in outgoing longwave radiation between the oscillation's two poles. The index in which India leads the EEqIO better captures the NPISO, implying that convection in the EEqIO cannot predict Indian rainfall. An idealized NPISO lifecycle suggests that air-sea interactions occur via atmospheric thermodynamic forcing and a feedback from SSTs on low-level atmospheric stability.

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Mafimbo, Ali J. "Characteristics of wind fields and air-sea interactions over the upwelling region of the Somali coast". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6489.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-111).
The mesoscale structure of the low-level wind field associated with a strong upwelling event was investigated. During July 2005 when a strong upwelling event occurred, the Somali jet was found to have oscillated at lower frequency of 3-7 weeks than the normal bi-weekly mode observed in several studies and the mesoscale winds exhibited high covariability with the prevailing SSTs. Strong values of alongshore winds were deduced from late June to mid-July. These winds weakened significantly in the third and fourth week of July. A large off-shore pressure gradient due to differential thermal properties of land and sea was also observed.

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Libri sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Bramson, Laura S. Air-sea interactions and deep convection in the Labrador Sea. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Kuninaka, Akira. Air-sea interactions and water mass structure of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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U.S. Office of Space Science and Applications. NASA Oceanic Processes Program: Biennial report - fiscal years 1986 and 1987. Washington: NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, 1988.

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U.S. Office of Space Science and Applications. NASA Oceanic Processes Program: Annual report - fiscal year 1985. Washington: NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, 1986.

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M, Frank William, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Analysis of the inflow and air-sea interactions in hurricane Frederic (1979): Final report. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Steele, Michael. Studies of air-sea-ice interaction: Final report, ONR grant no. N000014-90-J-1227. Seattle, WA: Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1997.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Studies of air-sea-ice interaction: Final report, ONR grant no. N000014-90-J-1227. Seattle, WA: Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1997.

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Hood, Eda Maria. Characterization of air-sea gas exchange processes and dissolved gas/ice interactions using noble gases. Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, 1998.

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Rohli, Robert V., e Chunyan Li. "Fundamentals of Air-Sea Interactions". In Meteorology for Coastal Scientists, 393–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73093-2_39.

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Isemer, Hans-Jörg, e Lutz Hasse. "Revised Parameterisations of Air-Sea Interactions". In The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean, 5–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72537-1_3.

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Garbe, Christoph S., Anna Rutgersson, Jacqueline Boutin, Gerrit de Leeuw, Bruno Delille, Christopher W. Fairall, Nicolas Gruber et al. "Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface". In Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles, 55–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_2.

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Walsh, John E. "Diagnostic Studies of Large-Scale Air-Sea-Ice Interactions". In The Geophysics of Sea Ice, 755–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5352-0_13.

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Frankignoulle, M., e J. P. Gattuso. "Air-Sea CO2 Exchange in Coastal Ecosystems". In Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, 233–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8_9.

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Brown, Robert A. "Surface Fluxes and Remote Sensing of Air-Sea Interactions". In Surface Waves and Fluxes, 7–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2069-9_2.

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Yang, Song, Renguang Wu, Maoqiu Jian, Jian Huang, Xiaoming Hu, Ziqian Wang e Xingwen Jiang. "Air–Sea Interactions and Climate Variability Over the South China Sea and the Adjacent Regions". In Springer Climate, 81–138. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8225-7_3.

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Watson, Andrew J., Jane E. Robertson e Roger D. Ling. "Air-Sea Exchange of CO2 and Its Relation to Primary Production". In Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, 249–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8_10.

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Bakker, Dorothee C. E., Hermann W. Bange, Nicolas Gruber, Truls Johannessen, Rob C. Upstill-Goddard, Alberto V. Borges, Bruno Delille et al. "Air-Sea Interactions of Natural Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in a Changing Climate". In Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles, 113–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_3.

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Liss, Peter S., e James N. Galloway. "Air-Sea Exchange of Sulphur and Nitrogen and Their Interaction in the Marine Atmosphere". In Interactions of C, N, P and S Biogeochemical Cycles and Global Change, 259–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76064-8_11.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Sankaran, Vaidyanathan, e Suresh Menon. "Turbulence-Chemistry Interactions in Spray Combustion". In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30091.

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A prediction methodology based on Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) has been used to study turbulence-chemistry interactions in spray combustion. The unsteady interactions between spray dispersion and vaporization, fuel-air mixing and heat release has been investigated using a Stochastic Separated Flow model for spray within the LES formulation. The effects of swirl intensity and heat release are investigated here. Results show that the central toroidal recirculation zone (CTRZ), which is a manifestation of the vortex breakdown process, occurs only under high swirl conditions. Under non-reacting condition, droplets tend to concentrate in regions of low vorticity and increase in swirl increases the dispersion of the droplets. Mixing efficiency is enhanced and the size of the corner recirculation zone is decreased with increase in swirl. Increase in swirl also enhances the combustion processes for cases with heat release.

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Liu, J. J., e T. P. Hynes. "The Investigation of Turbine and Exhaust Interactions in Asymmetric Flows: Part 2 — Turbine-Diffuser-Collector Interactions". In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30343.

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Part 2 of this paper describes the investigation of steam turbine and exhaust hood interactions in asymmetric flows by using a multiblock multigrid 3D Navier–Stokes solver incorporating an actuator disc model. The interactions among the turbine, diffuser and collector are analyzed by using a flow model. Numerical simulations for two exhaust hoods are performed to understand the flow details and to verify the flow model analysis. Based on the understanding of turbine and exhaust interactions, suggestions for the design of efficient exhaust systems are given.

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Shen, Lian, Song Liu e Dick K. P. Yue. "Mechanisms of Air-Sea Turbulent Interactions at Small Scales". In Sixth International Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40775(182)11.

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Reynolds, Scott B., Steven E. Gorrell e Jordi Estevadeordal. "PIV Analysis on the Effect of Stator Loading on Transonic Blade-Row Interactions". In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22576.

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Experiments have been performed to investigate interactions between a loaded stator and transonic rotor. The Blade Row Interaction (BRI) rig is used to simulate an embedded transonic fan stage with realistic geometry (thin trailing edge) which produces a wake through diffusion. Details of the unsteady flow field between the stator and rotor were obtained using PIV. Flow-visualization images and PIV data that facilitate analysis of vortex shedding, wake motion, and wake-shock-interaction phenomena are presented. Stator wake and rotor-bow-shock interactions are analyzed for three stator/rotor axial spacings, and two stator loadings. Specific shed vortices and wake topological features are isolated for each configuration. The data analysis focuses on measuring the vortex size, strength, and location as it forms on the stator trailing edge and propagates downstream into the rotor passage. It was observed that vortex shedding is synchronized to the passing of a rotor bow shock. Results show that the circulation of a vortex increased by 19 to 23% from far to close spacing due to the increased strength of the rotor bow shock impacting the stator trailing edge. Reduction in stator loading decreased shed vortex circulation for the same stator/rotor axial spacing by 20 to 25%. Pitchwise radius of vortices also decreased by 13 to 19% from far to close spacing. Such changes in vortex size and strength should be accounted for to predict the effect of unsteady blade-row interactions on transonic compressor performance.

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Ligrani, P. M., C. Saumweber, A. Schulz e S. Wittig. "Shock Wave - Film Cooling Interactions in Transonic Flows". In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0133.

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Interactions between shock waves and film cooling are described as they affect magnitudes of local and spanwise-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness distributions. A row of three cylindrical holes is employed. Spanwise spacing of holes is 4 diameters, and inclination angle is 30 degrees. Freestream Mach numbers of 0.8 and 1.10–1.12 are used, with coolant to freestream density ratios of 1.5–1.6. Shadowgraph images show different shock structures as the blowing ratio is changed, and as the condition employed for injection of film into the cooling holes is altered. Investigated are film plenum conditions, as well as perpendicular film injection cross-flow Mach numbers of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6. Dramatic changes to local and spanwise-averaged adiabatic film effectiveness distributions are then observed as different shock wave structures develop in the immediate vicinity of the film-cooling holes. Variations are especially evident as the data obtained with a supersonic Mach number are compared to the data obtained with a freestream Mach number of 0.8. Local and spanwise-averaged effectiveness magnitudes are generally higher when shock waves are present when a film plenum condition (with zero cross-flow Mach number) is utilized. Effectiveness values measured with a supersonic approaching freestream and shock waves then decrease as the injection cross-flow Mach number increases. Such changes are due to altered flow separation regions in film holes, different injection velocity distributions at hole exits, and alterations of static pressures at film hole exits produced by different types of shock wave events.

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Wu, Xijia. "A Model of Nonlinear Fatigue-Creep (Dwell) Interactions". In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51527.

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A nonlinear creep/dwell-interaction model is derived based on nucleation and propagation of a surface fatigue crack and its coalescence with creep/dwell damages (cavities or wedge cracks) along its path inside the material, which results in the total damage accumulation rate as given by dadN=1+lc+lzλdadNf+dadNenv where (da/dN)f is the pure fatigue crack growth rate, (da/dN)env is the environment-assisted crack growth rate, lc/lz is the cavity/wedge crack size, and λ is the average spacing between the internal cavities or cracks. Since wedge cracks are usually present in the form of dislocation pile-ups at low temperatures and cavitation usually occurs at high temperatures, the model attempts to reconcile the creep/dwell-fatigue phenomena over a broad temperature range of engineering concern. In particular, the model has been used to explain dwell fatigue of titanium alloys and high temperature creep-fatigue interactions in Ni-base superalloys under TCCR, CCCR, THCR and CHCR test conditions (see Annex A for definition of the terminology).

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Wheeler, Andrew P. S., e Robert J. Miller. "Compressor Wake/Leading-Edge Interactions at Off Design Incidences". In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50177.

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In this paper, the effects of wake/leading-edge interactions were studied at off-design conditions. Measurements were performed on the stator-blade suction surface at midspan. The leading-edge flow-field was investigated using hotwire micro-traverses, hotfilm surface shear-stress sensors and pressure micro-tappings. The trailing-edge flow-field was investigated using hotwire boundary-layer traverses. Unsteady CFD calculations were also performed to aid the interpretation of the results. At low flow coefficients, the time-averaged momentum thickness of the leading-edge boundary layer was found to rise as the flow coefficient was reduced. The time-resolved momentum-thickness rose due to the interaction of the incoming rotor wake. As the flow coefficient was reduced, the incoming wakes increased in pitch-wise extent, velocity deficit and turbulence intensity. This increased both the time-resolved rise in the momentum thickness and the turbulent spot production within the wake affected boundary-layer. Close to stall, a drop in the leading-edge momentum thickness was observed in-between wake events. This was associated with the formation of a leading-edge separation bubble in-between wake events. The wake interaction with the bubble gave rise to a shedding phenomenon, which produced large length scale disturbances in the surface shear stress.

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Miller, R. J., R. W. Moss, R. W. Ainsworth e N. W. Harvey. "Wake, Shock and Potential Field Interactions in a 1.5 Stage Turbine: Part I — Vane-Rotor and Rotor-Vane Interaction". In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30435.

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The composition of the time-resolved surface pressure field around a high-pressure rotor blade caused by the presence of neighboring blade rows is investigated, with the individual effects of wake, shock and potential field interaction being determined. Two test geometries are considered: first, a high-pressure turbine stage coupled with a swan-necked diffuser exit duct; secondly, the same high-pressure stage but with a vane located in the downstream duct. Both tests were conducted at engine-representative Mach and Reynolds numbers, and experimental data was acquired using fast-response pressure transducers mounted on the mid-height streamline of the HP rotor blades. The results are compared to time-resolved computational predictions of the flowfield in order to aid interpretation of experimental results and to determine the accuracy with which the computation predicts blade interaction. The paper is split into two parts, the first investigating the effect of the upstream vane on the unsteady pressure field around the rotor (vane-rotor interaction) and the second investigating the effect of the downstream vane on the unsteady pressure field around the rotor (rotor-vane interaction). The paper shows that at typical design operating conditions shock interaction from the upstream blade row is an order of magnitude greater than wake interaction and that with the design vane-rotor inter-blade gap the presence of the rotor causes a periodic increase in the strength of the vane trailing edge shock. The presence of the potential field of the downstream vane is found to affect significantly the rotor pressure field downstream of the Mach one surface within each rotor passage.

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Van Zante, Dale E., Wai-Ming To e Jen-Ping Chen. "Blade Row Interaction Effects on the Performance of a Moderately Loaded NASA Transonic Compressor Stage". In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30575.

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Blade row interaction effects on loss generation in compressors have received increased attention as compressor work-per-stage and blade loading have increased. Two dimensional Laser Doppler Velocimeter measurements of the velocity field in a NASA transonic compressor stage show the magnitude of interactions in the velocity field at the peak efficiency and near stall operating conditions. The experimental data are presented along with an assessment of the velocity field interactions. In the present study the experimental data are used to confirm the fidelity of a three-dimensional, time-accurate, Navier Stokes calculation of the stage using the MSU-TURBO code at the peak efficiency and near stall operating conditions. The simulations are used to quantify the loss generation associated with interaction phenomena. At the design point the stator pressure field has minimal effect of the rotor performance. The rotor wakes do have an impact on loss production in the stator passage at both operating conditions. A method for determining the potential importance of blade row interactions on performance is presented.

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Babanin, Alexander V., Geoff G. Wake e Jason McConochie. "Field Observation Site for Air-Sea Interactions in Tropical Cyclones". In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54570.

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Accurate predictions of winds, waves and currents within extreme tropical cyclones are critical for shipping, offshore oil and gas, ports and harbours, coastal erosion, tourism and fishing. The paper will describe a unique field observation programme intended to gather in situ data about air-sea interactions in tropical cyclones. The site has been established on the Woodside-operated North Rankin Complex, an offshore gas production facility located off the north-west coast of Western Australia. The facility is multi-purpose. It will assist Woodside to manage platform operations during the cyclone season and to make advances in the estimate of extreme wave crest heights for platform loading while enabling academic researchers to measure air-sea interactions. Concurrent measurements are conducted in the atmospheric boundary layer, on the ocean surface and below the surface all the way to the bottom at 120 m depth. The measurements include fluxes of momentum and energy across the air-sea interface, spray production, directional wave spectra up to high wavenumbers, and will allow us to close the balance of the air-sea exchanges for the first time in extreme field conditions.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Air-sea interactions"

Khelif, Djamal, e Carl Friehe. Air-Sea-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532025.

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Khelif, Djamal, e Carl Friehe. Air-Sea-Aerosol-Cloud Interactions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada532929.

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Veron, Fabrice. Dynamic Effects of Airborne Water Droplets on Air-Sea Interactions: Sea-Spray and Rain. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada612095.

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Sun, Jielun. Investigating Characteristics of Air-Sea Interactions in the Wave and Surface Layers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luglio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482922.

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Cronin, Meghan F., Clarissa Anderson, Jerome Aucan, Marcus L. Aydelett, Sebastien O. C. Boulay, Patricia Chardon-Maldonado, Maggie Chory et al. Workshop Report for the Air-Sea Observations for a Safe Ocean, a satellite event for the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development - Safe Ocean Laboratory. A cura di R. Venkatesan. SCOR Working Group #162 for developing an Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS), ottobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/scor_wg_162_2022_2.

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The “Air-Sea Observations for a Safe Ocean” satellite event to the UN Decade Safe Ocean Laboratory was held on April 7, 2022 at 0000 CEST with a total number of 39 participants. The 2-hour virtual workshop, also referred to on the Observing Air-Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) website as “OASIS for a Safe Ocean” (https://airseaobs.org/oasis-for-a-safe-ocean), included a 30-minute poster/social session in the interactive Gather.Town platform (Figure 1). Overall, the event was interactive and productive, fostering constructive discussions about the OASIS strategy. With a focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS), three of the four speakers and one moderator were from island states. Overall, the group was diverse and demonstrated the strong interest of the global air-sea interactions community to promote a Safe Ocean, particularly for SIDS. Participants included many Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOP), representing the stake they have in the future, and had active women participation.

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Clayson, Carol Anne, Charlotte Demott, S. de Szoeke, Ping Chang, Gregory Foltz, Raghavendra Krishnamurthy, Tong Lee et al. A New Paradigm for Observing and Modeling of Air-Sea Interactions to Advance Earth System Prediction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2222927.

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Fernando, H. J. ASIRI: Air-Sea Interactions in Northern Indian Ocean (and Its Relation to Monsoonal Dynamics of the Bay of Bengal). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada590509.

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Paulson, Clayton A. Air-Sea Interaction (Ocean Storms). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, giugno 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada327232.

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