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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Hull-Nye, Dylan, Bhawna Malik, Ravikiran Keshavamurthy e Elissa J. Schwartz. "Transient dynamics of the renal disease epidemic among HIV-infected individuals". Mathematics in Applied Sciences and Engineering 9999, n. 9999 (24 dicembre 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/mase/10852.

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The prevalence of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is rising among HIV-infected populations in several regions worldwide. We used an ordinary differential equation model of the dynamics of the AIDS and HIV+ ESRD populations to investigate the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the transient dynamics of the epidemic. We considered ART that blocks the entry to each population, by preventing individuals from joining the AIDS population and by reducing the development from AIDS to HIV+ ESRD, as well as the combined effects together. Numerical simulation of our model revealed that when levels of ART are below 100%, the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD drops, but then increases again due to the recovery in the AIDS population. The effect can be seen with ART acting to block entry into either population. We then examined the dip in HIV+ ESRD seen with ART analytically by calculating the minimum HIV+ ESRD level and the time to achieve this minimum. We also evaluated the length of time to reach the minimum and its dependence on ART parameters, both singly and in combination. We conclude that our model predicts that the drop in HIV+ ESRD prevalence seen after increased ART will be followed by an increase, unless ART is sufficiently high enough to eradicate HIV/AIDS.

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Hou, Keke, Hang Fu, Wei Xiong, Yueqin Gao, Liqiu Xie, Jianglin He, Xianbiao Feng et al. "Clinical Application of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in ART-Treated AIDS Males with Short Disease Duration". Diagnostics 12, n. 10 (6 ottobre 2022): 2417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102417.

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Cardiac complications are common in antiretroviral therapy-treated (ART-treated) acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, and the incidence increases with age. Myocardial injury in ART-treated AIDS patients with a relatively longer disease duration has been evaluated. However, there is no relevant study on whether patients with a short AIDS duration have cardiac dysfunction. Thirty-seven ART-treated males with AIDS and eighteen healthy controls (HCs) were prospectively included for CMR scanning. Clinical data and laboratory examination results were collected. The ART-treated males with AIDS did not have significantly reduced biventricular ejection fraction, myocardial edema, or late gadolinium enhancement. Compared with the HCs, the biventricular volume parameters and left ventricle myocardial strain indices in ART-treated males with AIDS were not significantly reduced (all p > 0.05). ART-treated males with AIDS were divided into subgroups according to their CD4+ T-cell counts (<350 cells/μL and ≥350 cells/μL) and duration of disease (1–12 months, 13–24 months, and 25–36 months). There was no significant decrease in left or right ventricular volume parameters or myocardial strain indices among the subgroups (all p > 0.05). In Pearson correlation analysis, CD4+ T-cell counts were not significantly correlated with biventricular volume parameters or left ventricular myocardial strain indices. In conclusion, ART-treated males with AIDS receiving ART therapy with a short disease duration (less than 3 years) might not develop obvious cardiac dysfunction as evaluated by routine CMR, so it is reasonable to appropriately extend the interval between cardiovascular follow-ups to more than 3 years.

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Burki, Talha. "AIDS activism through art". Lancet HIV 9, n. 11 (novembre 2022): e749-e750. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(22)00307-1.

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Kuhlman, Janet E. "Imaging pulmonary disease in AIDS: state of the Art". European Radiology 9, n. 3 (marzo 1999): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050682.

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Ara, Takahide, Tomoyuki Endo, Hideki Goto, Kohei Kasahara, Yuta Hasegawa, Shota Yokoyama, Souichi Shiratori et al. "Antiretroviral therapy achieved metabolic complete remission of hepatic AIDS related Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor". Antiviral Therapy 27, n. 5 (13 settembre 2022): 135965352211268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13596535221126828.

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Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor which occurs in immunocompromised patients. The immune status is an important factor in the treatment of EBV-SMTs, but the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not elucidated in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related EBV-SMTs. Here, we report the first successful case of a 29-year-old man with hepatic AIDS related EBV-SMT treated with ART solely. Positron emission tomography scan was useful for the evaluation of disease status. Recent advances in ART that enables to restore patient’s immune status rapidly may change the treatment strategy in AIDS related EBV-SMT.

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Memish, Ziad A., Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Sanaa M. Filemban, Syed Qutb, Abdullah Fodail, Batol Ali e May Darweeish. "Antiretroviral therapy, CD4, viral load, and disease stage in HIV patients in Saudi Arabia: a 2001–2013 cross-sectional study". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, n. 07 (30 luglio 2015): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6588.

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Introduction: The incidence of HIV/AIDS is increasing worldwide and in the Middle East. In this study, we analyzed the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the patterns of CD4 and viral load (VL), and stage of presentation. Methodology: Laboratory variables, ART use, and CD4 count were obtained and analyzed retrospectively. Results: A total of 997 cases from eight HIV/AIDS care providers were included. Of the total cases, 274 (28.3%) had a CD4 count of < 200 cells/mm3, and 413 (42.3%) had a viral load of > 5 log10. Of the total cases, 50% were on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and the majority of cases were asymptomatic (70%). Of those patients on ART, 247 (39.5%) took tenofovir/emtricitabine combined with either efavirenz (147; 14.7%) or lopinavir/ritonavir (100; 10%), and 158 (15.8%) were on lamivudine and zidovudine with either efavirenz (32; 3.2%) or lopinavir/ritonavir (126; 12.6%). Other combinations were used in 70 (7%) patients. The mean (± standard deviation) of baseline CD4 and viral load were 401 cells/mm3 (322 cells/mm3) and 4.6 log1010 (1.3 log10), respectively. At diagnosis, 72% of patients were asymptomatic; 50% had AIDS and 20% had CD4 count < 350. Conclusions: ART use was in line with international guidelines, but the number of patients receiving ART was lower than expected. Large proportions of cases presented late with AIDS at diagnosis or had CD4 < 350. Further data is needed to evaluate the medical care of patients with HIV/AIDS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Houle, Brian, Chodziwadziwa Kabudula, Sanyu A. Mojola, Nicole Angotti, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Dickman Gareta, Kobus Herbst, Samuel J. Clark, Jane Menken e Vladimir Canudas-Romo. "Mortality variability and differentials by age and causes of death in rural South Africa, 1994–2018". BMJ Global Health 9, n. 4 (aprile 2024): e013539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013539.

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IntroductionUnderstanding mortality variability by age and cause is critical to identifying intervention and prevention actions to support disadvantaged populations. We assessed mortality changes in two rural South African populations over 25 years covering pre-AIDS and peak AIDS epidemic and subsequent antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability.MethodsUsing population surveillance data from the Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (AHDSS; 1994–2018) and Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI; 2000–2018) for 5-year periods, we calculated life expectancy from birth to age 85, mortality age distributions and variation, and life-years lost (LYL) decomposed into four cause-of-death groups.ResultsThe AIDS epidemic shifted the age-at-death distribution to younger ages and increased LYL. For AHDSS, between 1994–1998 and 1999–2003 LYL increased for females from 13.6 years (95% CI 12.7 to 14.4) to 22.1 (95% CI 21.2 to 23.0) and for males from 19.9 (95% CI 18.8 to 20.8) to 27.1 (95% CI 26.2 to 28.0). AHRI LYL in 2000–2003 was extremely high (females=40.7 years (95% CI 39.8 to 41.5), males=44.8 years (95% CI 44.1 to 45.5)). Subsequent widespread ART availability reduced LYL (2014–2018) for women (AHDSS=15.7 (95% CI 15.0 to 16.3); AHRI=22.4 (95% CI 21.7 to 23.1)) and men (AHDSS=21.2 (95% CI 20.5 to 22.0); AHRI=27.4 (95% CI 26.7 to 28.2)), primarily due to reduced HIV/AIDS/TB deaths in mid-life and other communicable disease deaths in children. External causes increased as a proportion of LYL for men (2014–2018: AHRI=25%, AHDSS=17%). The share of AHDSS LYL 2014–2018 due to non-communicable diseases exceeded pre-HIV levels: females=43%; males=40%.ConclusionsOur findings highlight shifting burdens in cause-specific LYL and persistent mortality differentials in two populations experiencing complex epidemiological transitions. Results show high contributions of child deaths to LYL at the height of the AIDS epidemic. Reductions in LYL were primarily driven by lowered HIV/AIDS/TB and other communicable disease mortality during the ART periods. LYL differentials persist despite widespread ART availability, highlighting the contributions of other communicable diseases in children, HIV/AIDS/TB and external causes in mid-life and non-communicable diseases in older ages.

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Olowookere, Samuel Anu, Akinola Ayoola Fatiregun e Isaac F. Adewole. "Knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy among patients at a Nigerian treatment clinic". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 6, n. 11 (26 novembre 2012): 809–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2086.

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Introduction: We assessed the knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to consecutive, consenting PLWHA who had been receiving treatment for a minimum of three months. The level of ART adherence was calculated manually for each respondent. Results: In total 318 PLWHA completed the questionnaire. The mean and median time on ART was 17.8 months and 19 months respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 39.1±9.6 years. The majority of these respondents (76.9%) had completed secondary education. Over 80% of the respondents reported knowing that HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusions and unprotected sexual intercourse. Seventy-six per cent of the respondents reported knowing that ART suppresses HIV activity. However, 33% of the respondents denied being HIV positive, while 22.6% reported that they felt that taking ART was shameful. Over 32% of the respondents reported that good adherence to ART would raise suspicions about their HIV status, and 66.7% had not yet disclosed their HIV status to anyone. Most (77.7%) respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS while 75.2% had good knowledge of ART. Also 78.9% had positive attitude to HIV/AIDS while 73.9%) had positive attitude to ART. Respondents with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and a positive attitude about the disease tended to be more adherent to ART (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS and ART adherence.

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Kumar, Vinod. "ART in HIV/AIDS Adults and Adolescents". Current Research in Medical Sciences 2, n. 4 (dicembre 2023): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/crms.2023.12.09.

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There has been a rapid decline in HIV-related mortality and morbidity due to the wider availability of affordable, more efficacious and less toxic ARVs over the last two decades. ART consists of the use of a combination of at least three ARV drugs from different classes to inhibit the replication of HIV and reduce viraemia to undetectable levels. Continued suppression of viral replication leads to the restoration of immune response, reflected by an increase in the CD4 count. Increase in CD4 count leads to slowing of the disease progression, reduced frequency of OIs, improvement in the quality of life and increased longevity. Successes achieved by ART have now transformed the perception about HIV infection from being a ‘virtual death sentence’ to a ‘chronic manageable illness’. ART was earlier known as Highly Active ART (HAART) and as combination ART (cART).

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Davis, Ms Bob. "Glamour, Drag, and Death". TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 8, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-8749638.

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Abstract In the art of three San Francisco drag queen painters we find their highly personal responses to HIV/AIDS and their own mortality. Doris Fish's commitment to glamour wouldn't allow the disease to intrude on her paintings, though she was able to write about her illness's progress in her weekly newspaper column. Jerome Caja made art from the disease's horror by incorporating the ashes of deceased artist Charles Sexton, who died of AIDS, into her works, her way of mastering the carnage. Miss Kitty confronted the disease in an even more personal way, creating art from her own illness by incorporating her prescription for Prozac into one painting and using her emaciated, AIDS-ravaged body as the subject of a photographic portrait by Daniel Nicoletta in which her physical body fades, white on white, into an angel with wings.

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Tesi sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Kudsi-Zadeh, Chantalle B. "(Re)visualizing AIDS : art activism and the popular medicalscientific image of HIV". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27947.

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This thesis is concerned with AIDS cultural activism. Specifically, it examines artistic responses to the medical/scientific image of HIV that circulates widely in the mainstream press. Examples of AIDS science reporting that focus on the medical/scientific image of HIV are selected from popular American news journals. It is argued that science and journalism are different and mutually dependent domains of knowledge, neither of which can be examined without the other. AIDS activist art engages with the relationship between science and the media and offers alternatives to the authority offered in science reporting. In the author's closing remarks, it is stated that AIDS activist art addresses not only the AIDS crisis but challenges the entire ideological apparatus upon which popular representations of illness are based.

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Boneh, Galia. "Moving from entertainment towards art a new model for creating performance on HIV/AIDS /". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1568127991&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.

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Frans, Nocawe R. "ART : the views of counsellors about skills needed in counselling HIV/AIDS patients". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://etd.sun.ac.za/jspui/handle/10019/1471.

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Nyakwezi, Kamugasha Sheila. "The use of anthropometric indices as an alternative guide to initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children at the Mildmay Centre in Uganda /". Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1502.

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Paun, Andrea. "Regulator T cells in murine AIDS". University of Western Australia. Microbiology and Immunology Discipline Group, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0115.

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[Truncated abstract] In the last ten years regulator T (Tr) cells have re-emerged as an integral part of the immune system. Research in this field has rapidly demonstrated the role of these cells in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and their involvement in disease. Tr cells are generated in the thymus as a normal part of the developing immune system. Furthermore, antigen-specific Tr cells are induced in the periphery by a mechanism which is yet to be completely elucidated, but is likely to involve dendritic cells. Tr cells play an important role in autoimmune disease, transplantation tolerance, cancer. Most recently Tr cell involvement has been demonstrated in a growing number of infectious diseases. Tr cell induction was reported in Friend Virus infection at the commencement of this study, and subsequent to publication of our findings have also been identified in FIV and HIV. Murine AIDS (MAIDS) is a fatal chronic retroviral infection induced in susceptible strains of mice by infection with BM5d, a replication defective virus, in a viral mixture which is designated LP-BM5. The manipulation of Tr cells detailed in this thesis and the related publication represent the first reported therapy utilising targeted removal of Tr cells. Chapter 1 summarises the literature relevant to this study up to November 2004. Chapter 2 details the materials and methodologies used in this work. Chapter 3 investigates whether Tr cells are involved in the development of murine AIDS, particularly in the early stages of infection. The data presented in this chapter provides evidence of a population of CD4+ Tr cells which express CD25 on their cell surface and secrete TGF-β, some IL-10 and low levels of IL-4 are induced following infection with LP-BM5. These cells were found to arise by day 12 post infection (pi) by flow cytometry and immunosuppressive cytokine expression was found to peak at day 16 pi indicating a role in the early stages of disease progression. Chapter 4 investigates the effect of therapeutically targeting these induced Tr cells using the antimitotic agent Vinblastine during their induction period. The efficacy of treatment was found to be time dependent and was shown to abrogate disease progression maximally when given at day 14 pi. Treatment with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody was also found to be efficacious at day 14 pi and confirmed the identity of the Tr cells as being CD4+ T cells. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated that the return of these cells to a successfully treated host results in renewed MAIDS progression, confirming their role in disease progression

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Spies, Margaretha. "The biopsychosocial factors influencing HIV/AIDS patient adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) a Social Work study /". Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08112008-165506.

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De, Bruto Petro C. "ART-related body composition changes in adult women in a semi-rural South African context". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17445.

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Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to investigate practical methods of monitoring AIDS related wasting and lipodystrophy in a resource-poor clinical setting with HIV infected women as the population group of interest. Measurement of body composition changes using anthropometry is both cost- and time-efficient. Various different skinfolds were taken and two different equations (the equations of Pollock et al. (1975) and Durnin and Womersley (1974) for calculating body fat were used to determine the most promising method or methods of monitoring body composition changes in a clinical setting. Detailed anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as selected measurements for haematological parameters and quality of life (QoL) for a group of 8 participants on antiretroviral medication (ART group) and 6 participants who were not on treatment (TN group). New variables namely, intra-abdominal indicator (IAI) and a percent of ideal body mass to percent of ideal arm circumference ratio (%IBW:%IAC) were investigated as possible indicators of lipodystrophy. Although measurements were taken at various timepoints, three specific time-points were chosen for data-analysis for the ART group and two time points for the TN group. These three time-points were, baseline (on the day of recruitment for TN participants and within one month before the initiation of treatment for ART participants), short-term (2 to 12 weeks after treatment initiation or the baseline measurement or for the ART and the TN participants) and long-term (within one and a half year of treatment initiation for the ART group). ART and TN participants did not differ for many variables at baseline. The major differences between ART and TN were in measured and derived variables of the arm, especially percent of ideal arm circumference (%IAC) and upper arm fat area (UAFA), which were significantly lower in the ART group. CD4+ and QoL improved significantly for the ART participants from baseline to long-term. This was not associated with changes in muscle mass, but rather some fat mass variables. Participants on antiretroviral medication exhibited changes relating to abdominal obesity. It was concluded that antiretroviral therapy contributed greatly to the QoL of the participants and it probably aided in the recovery from wasting for at least one participant in this study. Measures of the arm can be used in a rural clinical setting to effectively monitor patients with regard to AIDS related wasting. The new variables IAI and %IBW:%IAC could be helpful in the monitoring of lipodystrophy and should be investigated in future research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om praktiese metodes te ondersoek om VIGS-verwante uittering en lipodistrofie te meet in ‘n plattelandse kliniese omgewing (waar hulpbronne dikwels beperk is) met MIV ge-infekteerde vroue as populasiegroep. Die gebruik van antropometrie om veranderinge in liggaamssamestelling te meet is beide koste- en tydeffektief. Verskeie velvoumetings is geneem en twee verskillende vergelykings (die vergelykings van Pollock et al. (1975) en Durnin en Womersley (1974)) is gebruik om liggaamsvetinhoud te bereken, met die doel om ‘n belowende metode te vind om veranderinge in liggaamssamestelling te meet in ‘n kliniese omgewing. Verskeie antropometriese metings is geneem, sowel as uitgesoekte hematologiese en lewenskwaliteitmetings (QoL) vir ‘n groep van agt deelnemers wat antiretrovirale medikasie ontvang het (ART groep) en ses deelnemers wat nie hierdie behandeling ontvang het nie (TN groep). Nuwe veranderlikes (binnebuikindikator (IAI) en die verhouding van persentasie van ideale liggaamsmassa tot persentasie van ideale armomtrek (%IBW:%IAC)) is ondersoek as moontlike aanwysers van lipodistrofie. Drie spesifieke tydpunte vir die ART groep en twee tydpunte vir die TN groep is gekies uit die verskeie tydpunte waarby metings geneem is, nl. basislyn (gedefinieer as die dag wat TN deelnemers in die studie opgeneem is en 0 tot 4 weke voor die begin van behandeling vir die ART deelnemers), korttermyn (2 tot 12 weke nadat behandeling begin is of na die basislyn meting) en lang-termyn (binne een en ‘n half jaar nadat behandeling begin is vir die ART groep). By die basislyn tydpunt het min van die ART en TN deelnemers se gemete veranderlikes verskil. Die ART en TN groepe het hoofsaaklik verskil ten opsigte van veranderlikes wat betrekking het op die arm, veral persentasie van ideale armomtrek (%IAC) en bo-arm vetarea (UAFA). Hierdie twee veranderlikes was beduidend laer in die ART groep as in die TN groep. CD4+ seltelling en lewenskwaliteit tellings het beduidend verbeter vir die ART deelnemers van die basislyn tot die lang-termyn tydpunt. Hierdie veranderinge is nie samehangend met veranderinge in spiermassa nie, maar eerder met sommige vetmassa veranderlikes. Deelnemers wat antiretrovirale medikasie ontvang het, het veranderinge getoon wat gedui het op ‘n verhoogde neerlegging van vet in die buikarea. Ten slotte is bevind dat antiretrovirale medikasie bygedra het tot die verbeterde lewenskwaliteit van die deelnemers en dat dit waarskynlik ook die omkeer van uittering van ten minste een deelnemer aangehelp het. Daar is ook bevind dat armverwante metinge gebruik kan word in die plattelandse kliniese omgewing om pasiënte suksesvol te monitor ten opsigte van VIGSverwante uittering. Die nuwe veranderlikes, IAI en %IBW:%IAC kan moontlik gebruik word om lipodistrofie-verwante veranderings te meet en die gebruik van hierdie veranderlikes behoort ondersoek te word in verdere navorsing.

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Parsonson, Ian M. "Syphilis and AIDS historical and social comparisons /". Connect to this title online, 1992. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20031118.111824/.

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Allen, Annette Marie. "AIDS and Aging: Are the Eldery Becoming the New At-Risk Population?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278037/.

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This dissertation breaks new ground. It examines the perceptions of older adults towards AIDS prevention. Using the National Health Interview Survey, 1988: AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes Supplement, a modified Health Belief Model is developed. Despite the low number of older adults 55+ with AIDS, some extenuating circumstances increase their risk of AIDS contraction. Older adults have lower levels of knowledge about AIDS, weaker immune systems and receive more blood transfusions. Societal influences include educational neglect at the hands of physicians, healthcare workers and social service personnel. The first stage of the dissertation involved establishing older adults as an at-risk population through an extensive literature review. Next, the data was described utilizing frequencies, correlations and factor analysis. Frequencies clearly indicated that older adults in the data set had low levels of AIDS knowledge and did not view themselves at risk for AIDS contraction. Correlations between the variables were minimal. A modified Health Belief Model was developed and tested. Multiple regression determined that minimal variation in the two dependent variables, "Perceived Effectiveness of Effective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" and "Perceived Effectiveness of Ineffective Methods to Prevent AIDS Contraction" was accounted for by the independent variables. Although F ratios allowed rejection of the two null hypotheses, beta weights were low. Adjusted R^2's accounted for only 21% and 16% respectively of the variation in the dependent variables. Finally, discrepancies in the model were determined and recommendations made for further research. Most health belief models concentrate on individual social-psychological variables. Due to AIDS' societal consequences, it is proposed that societal providers of education: physicians, social service workers and healthcare personnel need to be included in the model. Recommendations were made for additional research into sexual behavior of older adults and exploration of available training of physicians, healthcare and social service professionals. Finally, recommendations were made to provide training and education for both professionals as well as the elderly to prevent their growth into an at-risk population.

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Libri sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Giosia, Paolo Di. HIV/AIDS. Teramo Italia: Ricerche&redazioni, 2018.

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Gadsden, Rachel. Unlimited global alchemy. London, UK: Artsadmin, Toynbee Studios, 2012.

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Gallery, Ivan Dougherty, e University of New South Wales. College of Fine Arts, a cura di. Visualising AIDS: Images in art and design. Sydney: University of New South Wales, College of Fine Arts, 2000.

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Michael, Arseneault, Moore Patrick 1962-, Eggan Ferd, Cuadros Gil, Estate Project for Artists with AIDS., Los Angeles Center for Photographic Studies., Los Angeles (Calif.). Office of the AIDS Coordinator. e Los Angeles (Calif.). Cultural Affairs Dept., a cura di. Transcend AIDS: Work by Los Angeles artists with HIV/AIDS. Los Angeles, CA: Estate Project for Artists with AIDS, 1995.

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John, Cheim, e Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, a cura di. Drawing the line against AIDS. New York: AMFAR International, 1993.

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Machen, Peter. Not alone: An international project of Make art/stop AIDS. Cape Town, South Africa]: Iziko, 2009.

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Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, a cura di. Love Aids riot sex: Eine zweiteilige Ausstellung zu Kunst, Aids & Aktivismus = A two-part exhibition on art, AIDS & activism. Berlin: NGBK, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, 2014.

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Steven, Forsythe, e POLICY Project (Futures Group International), a cura di. State of the art: AIDS and economics. [Washington, DC]: POLICY Project, 2002.

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Forsythe, Steven. State of the art: AIDS and economics. A cura di POLICY Project (Futures Group International). [Washington, DC]: POLICY Project, 2002.

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Forsythe, Steven. State of the art: AIDS and economics. A cura di POLICY Project (Futures Group International). Washington, DC]: POLICY Project, 2002.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Yang, Lu-Hui, Jun-Ting Tang, Xi-Chuan Yang, Tian-Wei Zhao, Jun Liu, Yu-Ye Li e Yi-Qun Kuang. "ART-Related Diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients". In Mucocutaneous Manifestations of HIV/AIDS, 237–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5467-4_8.

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Alegana, Victor A., e Peter M. Atkinson. "Geography of Disease Burden: Case Studies in Namibia and Eritrea". In Practicing Health Geography, 29–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63471-1_3.

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AbstractAfrica continues to experience the highest infectious disease burden despite an increase in investments. These include investments in malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, as well as in communicable diseases. The global targets are to reduce the burden of these diseases through improved surveillance, prevention of outbreaks, effective case management, elimination and eventually, eradication. Achieving these targets, however, is limited by the poor geographic descriptions of the disease burden. Of the big five infectious disease burdens, malaria is the most advanced in terms of mapping its distribution. Malaria cartography has since formed the evidence-base for the design of many national malaria control programmes. This chapter focuses on malaria as an example, demonstrating its geographical descriptions. The availability of georeferenced malaria case data whether based on prevalence or incidence indicators has been used extensively in the mapping of geographical extents at national and sub-national scales. However, routine surveillance data is emerging as a valuable methodology of tracking burden in sub-Saharan Africa. A particular focus of this chapter is the use of routine national health systems surveillance data to describe, at a fine-scale, the distribution of malaria. However, routine data can be applied to the cartographic description of other diseases beyond malaria. The methodological aspects of burden estimation from routine surveillance platforms and cartography are highlighted.

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Kelly, Jeffrey A. "The State of the Art in Community HIV Prevention Interventions". In Community Interventions and AIDS, 88–104. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160239.003.0004.

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Abstract HIV infection is contracted through behavior practices, and primary prevention of the disease rests upon helping vulnerable persons to make and sustain changes in those practices that confer risk. Because the vast majority of HIV transmission occurs through unprotected sexual behaviors or needle sharing, sexual and drug injection risk practices are the major targets for change in most HIV prevention programs.

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Wayne, Marta L., e Benjamin M. Bolker. "HIV/AIDS". In Infectious Disease: A Very Short Introduction, 42—C4F1. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780192858511.003.0004.

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Abstract HIV is the virus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. It is transmitted by the exchange of bodily fluids. Untreated HIV infections are usually fatal within five to 10 years, but people with AIDS die from opportunistic infections, rather than from HIV itself. HIV uses its surface protein gp120 to enter immune cells; a mutation in the human genome called CCR5-Δ32 blocks this mechanism of entry. HIV’s rapid replication, mutation, and recombination rates make it highly evolvable and thus very hard to treat, cure, or prevent via vaccine. Despite these challenges, a regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapies (HAART), developed in the mid-1990s, is extraordinarily effective against HIV, and is now being used preventively as well. While researchers have used extraordinary efforts to cure a handful of people of HIV, large-scale efforts to control HIV depend on education, condom use, needle exchange, pre-exposure prophylaxis, and HAART. Phylogenetic and historical analyses show that the ancestor of HIV first jumped from chimpanzees to humans in Africa in the early 20th century; some combination of colonial practices, use of non-sterilized syringes, and changing sexual practices then spread the virus throughout Africa and worldwide.

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Vermund, Sten H., Howard Wiener, M. Louise Lawson e Madhav P. Bhatta. "HIV/AIDS Research". In Epiden1iologic Methods for the Study of Infectious Diseases, 404–30. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195121124.003.0020.

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Abstract Methodologic challenges of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemiology are distinct in key ways from those that previously faced infectious disease or chronic disease researchers. HIV is an infection communicable in three ways (blood-borne, sexual, mother-to-child), manifesting clinical disease after many years or even decades, and resulting in lifelong infection (Peterman and Allen 1989, Royce et al. 1997, IOM 1998, Vermund et al. 1999). Its incidence is affected by community prevalence, behavior, cofactors in transmission, and treatment adherence, quite different from nonvenereal infectious agents that have been the focus of intense public health activity such as most of the vaccine preventable diseases. Acute infectious diseases are affected by the dynamics of population crowding and mixing patterns, the number of susceptible individuals, the number of immune persons, and the infectiousness of the given agent. Behavioral factors, short of vaccination adherence, have little to do with risk of measles, pertussis, rubella, diphtheria, or a host of other infectious agents. Furthermore, with exceptions.

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Kinghorn, George, Richard Slack e Gerard Bury. "HIV/AIDS". In Men’s Health, 183–99. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625816.003.0011.

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Abstract While HIV/AIDS has not reached the apocalyptic predictions of the mid-1980s, it is a disease that demands a wide range of knowledge and expertise, from screening to terminal care. Fortunately, many of the skills needed are already in the domain of medicine. A male patient with HIV will spend over 90% of his life in the community being looked after by his GP. Some patients do not disclose their HIV status to their GP because of fears about confidentiality and competence. As the illness progresses, its management becomes increasingly complex, like many of the chronic diseases we already manage. This complexity is reflected in the authorship of this chapter which includes a genito-urinary physician, an infectious disease specialist, and a GP. The authors have dealt with many aspects of HIV/AIDS, but such is the pace of progress in its treatment that they expect some of it will be out of date by the time the book is published.

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"Aids". In Sexuality, a cura di Robert A. Nye, 395–408. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192880192.003.0032.

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Abstract In the last twenty years the most widespread and dangerous sexually related disease in human history has spread throughout the world. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is caused by the transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). Though HIV can lie dormant for long periods of time, and can now be treated effectively by various combinations of drugs, there is no known cure for the disease. It has long been understood that HIV was transmitted sexually through the transfer of body fluids (semen or blood) carrying the virus, and that sexual contact was a chief means for doing so. The first populations manifesting high rates of HIV infection in the early 1980s were urban homosexuals in North America. By the end of the decade the epidemic had spread to gay men elsewhere in the West, gained a foothold amongst drug addicts sharing needles, and in places with high concentrations of commercial prostitution such as Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and South-East Asia. Today, the vast majority of HIV-infected people are sub-Saharan Africans, victims of changes brought about in patterns of heterosexual sex from social and political upheaval.

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Cotton, Deborah. "AIDS in women". In Reproductive Health Care for Women and Babies, 85–100. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192625304.003.0006.

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Abstract In the USA, the acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was the fifth lead ing cause of death in women of childbearing age in 1990 (Chu et al. 1990a), and almost 80 000 women were estimated to be infected (Gwinn et al. 1991). World wide the specter of AIDS is even more sobering, with estimates that 20–50 million women may be infected by the year 2000 (Mann et al. 1992). Despite the enormity of the problem, until recently little attention has been paid to the unique aspects of HIV infection in women, and there are inadequate data on the natural history of the disease in women. Few AIDS-related programs are gender specific in their approach to disease detection or management, and women as a group have had less access than men to state-of-the-art therapies and experimental drug trials.

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Burton, Garrett. "Neurological manifestations of HIV disease". In The Neurology of AIDS, 325–26. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526100.003.0030.

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Abstract Before sharing with you my experience as a person living with AIDS, two things need to be said. First, my perspective is quite personal. The variety and degree of my neurological manifestations of HIV, as well as my responses to them, are influenced by all those elements of circumstance and personality that make me (or any individual) unique (i.e. genetics, family health history, age, spiritual development, etc.). Secondly, all of us who live with AIDS have to face these varied neurological problems to some degree. For anyone coming to terms with this infection it is not a question of ‘will there be neurological problems?’ but ‘to what extent will I have to face these situations?’ My name is Garrett Burton. At the time of publication I will be 50 years old. My race is Caucasian. Music has been my profession and I am a Roman Catholic Christian. My family background is blue-collar and rural.

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Mazzella, Luca, Alessandro Di Rocco, e Michele Tagliati. "Spinal cord disease: clinical presentations and pathology". In The Neurology of AIDS, 415–22. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198526100.003.0039.

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Abstract Although the clinical manifestations of myelopathy are not encountered as frequently as those of neuropathy and dementia, the spinal cord is commonly affected during HIV infection. The most common cause of spinal cord disease in the course of HIV infection is AIDS-associated vacuolar myelopathy (VM; Snider et al. 1983; Simpson and Tagliati 1994; Petito et al. 1985). Although VM is strictly a pathological diagnosis, the term VM is used at large to indicate the clinical manifestation of primary myelopathy associated with AIDS. VM has fairly typical clinical features and is potentially disabling, but its symptoms often overlap with those of neuropathy or other neurological disorders associated with late stage AIDS. This may explain, at least in part, why VM tends to be clinically underrecognized.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Mondi, A., A. Cozzi-Lepri, V. Mazzotta, S. Nozza, A. Cingolani, L. Taramasso, A. Giacomelli et al. "OC-27 Burden of advanced HIV disease (AHD) among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced persons with HIV (PWH) in Italy over the past 20 years". In Abstracts from the 16° Italian Conference on AIDS and Antiviral Research. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-icar-2024.25.

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Bugani, G., F. Frasca, A. D’Auria, M. Fracella, L. Maddaloni, L. Santinelli, G. Ceccarelli et al. "SC-47 Are neutralizing autoantibodies to type I interferon novel disease determinants in people living with HIV?" In Abstracts from the 16° Italian Conference on AIDS and Antiviral Research. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-icar-2024.107.

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Desmyter, J. "AIDS 1987". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644751.

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AIDS virus (HIV) transmission by transfusions and blood products has been essentially halted in industrialized countries which haye introduced systematic anti-HIV screening of donations in 1985. New anti-HIV screening assays, based in part on the replacement of disrupted HIV virions by defined DNA recombinant HIV antigens, have improved specificity; sensitivity has been improved as to dectect seroconversion at an earlier stage. Confirmatory assays and (self-)exclusion of risk groups from blood donation do remain mandatory. HIVAg can be detected in some infections before antibody conversion, and HIVAg is more likely to be found in those anti-HIV positives who proceed to disease. However, there is no justification so far for routine parallel HIVAg and anti-HIV screening. There is continued uncertainty how many HIV carriers have not (yet) developed antibody, but their numbers may have been overestimated. Studies to determine how many HIV transmitters have escaped blood bank detection, and why, need to be undertaken in spite of formidable logistic difficulties.The risk of developing AIDS is now estimated at 25-50 % within 10 years after the infectious contact. It is not clear whether the risk should be estimated differently in different groups or persons. In cities in Central Africa, 5-20 % of men and women are confirmed anti-HIV positives. At least 75 % of this HIV carrier rate is due to heterosexual transmission. Heterosexual transmission has been slower in Western countries, but factors precluding slow evolution to high figures by the same route outside Africa have not been identified. Therefore, countries have no choice in advocating behaviour changes in the general population, and not only in the classical risk groups. Initial hesitations toward extended voluntary and confidential screening are dwindling. Well-conceived confidential screening may be the only way to avoid strong-armed government intervention. The latter is certain to be divisive, and is likely to be counterproductive on balance.An efficacious vaccine remains remote, but an antiviral which prolongs life by at least several months in AIDS patients, but not all of them, is now available. Zidovudine (AZT), however, is toxic and mere prolongation of life without cure will impose an additional burden on AIDS economics.A novel virus (HIV-2) has been identified and is already widespread in West-Africans. It causes AIDS, but the present ratio of AIDS cases in those infected seems lower than with HIV(-l); this feature may be transient. HIV-2 antibodies are either detected or missed by anti-HIV-1 screens; if found, they can be distinguished from anti-HIV-1 only by special confirmatory technique. New screening assays showing equal sensitivity for HIV-1 and HIV-2 in a single test should be devised. At present, HIV-2 is very rare in Western countries compared to HIV-1.

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Vedika, R., M. Mithra Lakshmi, R. Sakthia e K. Meenakshi. "Early Wheat Leaf Disease Detection Using CNN". In International Research Conference on IOT, Cloud and Data Science. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-653bh6.

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Smart farming is an innovative technology that aids in the improvement of the country's agricultural produce quality and quantity. Wheat is the most important crop in most parts of India. Wheat leaf diseases have a significant impact on production rates and farmer earnings. It poses a significant danger to food security because it affects crop productivity and degrades crop quality. Accurate and precise disease detection has posed a significant challenge, but recent advances in computer vision enabled by deep learning have paved the road for camera-assisted wheat leaf disease diagnosis. Using a CNN trained with a publicly available wheat leaf disease model, several machine learning algorithms and neuron- and layer-wise visualization methods are applied.

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Saeed KADHIM, Nuha, Khulood Abdul Kareem HUSSEIN e Zainab Salman Dawood SALMAN. "INVESTIGATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EPIDEMIC HIV/AIDS VIRUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND SPREAD AND HEALTH STAFF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE AT BASRAH TEACHING HOSPITAL IN IRAQ". In VII. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESSOF PURE,APPLIEDANDTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress7-7.

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According to recent studies, health professionals still have stigmatizing attitudes toward patients living with HIV/AIDS. Because healthcare workers play an important role in preventing HIV/AIDS transmission, HIV/AIDS education is an important part of improving community health care. The aims of this study are to evaluate practice, examine and describe healthcare personnel's HIV/AIDS knowledge, and attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS .This study is a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to February 2022. The samples were collected from health staff (n = 25) is nurses, (n = 25) is midwives, and (n = 25) is technical analyst employed at Basrah Teaching Hospital located in Basrah City, Iraq. A questionnaire include in the 1st part Sociodemographic Characteristics Participant, the majority of participants are female; n = 50 (66.7%), high percentage of high Nursing School students n= 30 (40%) and the majority of healthy staff in each group n = 48 (64%) had no prior training in AIDS prevention methods , In the 2nd part include assessment of healthy staff knowledge of HIV Disease Transmission showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) between the results of nursing, midwifery and technical analyst staff on all items, but the results of the technical analyst staff were better than the results of the other staff. All of the items in the 3rd part of the questionnaire include evaluation of knowledge and practice of Healthy Staff in Hospital Units for HIV/AIDS patients showed no significant difference (p≤0.05) in all of the results between each health staff member. We conclude there was little information among the staff about the mechanism and transmission of the disease. Furthermore, incorrect methods Collection of blood samples , especially ways to draw blood and transfer the sample.

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Tareq HAMMOODI, Zeyad. "CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVD 19) BETWEEN SHARIA AND MEDICINE". In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-7.

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The Corona epidemic is a wide group of viruses that include viruses that can cause a group of illnesses in humans, ranging from the common cold to severe acute respiratory syndrome, as there is no definitive and specific treatment for the epidemic. The medicines used are helpful and supportive, and they mostly aim to reduce the patient’s temperature with the use of pulmonary resuscitation devices, as the body’s resistance depends on autoimmunity, as it is the main factor in preventing this epidemic, and here we must know the role of medical and forensic scholars in preventing and treating With what appears from this epidemic and other epidemics, we do not know when and how they will appear to the world. The emergence of this disease is an extension of several diseases before it and the so-called (contemporary diseases), which are contagious communicable diseases, including bird flonza disease, swine flonza, sass and AIDS, mad cow disease, Ebola, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, yellow fever, and many others These diseases are epidemic.

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Hansen, Laura, Manu Platt, Roy L. Sutliff e Rudolph L. Gleason. "The Mechanical and Structural Effects of HIV Proteins on Murine Carotid Arteries". In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53693.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered a global epidemic with over 65 million people worldwide infected with the HIV-1 virus, the causative agent [1]. The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of people infected with the virus by slowing the progression to the development of AIDS. However, the treatment has also led to the emergence of early onset cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction [2] and atherosclerotic lesions [3], as well as subclinical markers of atherosclerosis including increased carotid artery intima-media thickness [4], increased arterial stiffness [5–6], and endothelial dysfunction [6]. It appears that HAART and HIV-1-infection are independent risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in adults [7]; however, the mechanism of disease progression remains unclear. There is a pressing need to identify mechanisms of early on-set cardiovascular disease associated with HIV-1 infection and HAART and to identify therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. The overall goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that over-expression of HIV proteins will lead to alterations in the biomechanical properties of large arteries.

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Takahashi, Hoyu, Wataru Tatewaki, Reizo Nagayama, Masaharu Hanano, Shin-ichiro Takizawa e Akira Shibata. "HEAT-TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATES IN VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS: STUDIES IN PLATELET-TYPE VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644118.

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Cryoprecipitate has proved to correct the hemostatic defects in von Willebrand1s disease (vWd). However, recent studies have revealed that transmission of the AIDS retrovirus (HIV) occurs through exposure to blood products including cryoprecipitate. Treatment with heat-treated factor VIII concentrates may have certain advantages over treatment with non-heated products, if these preparations are efficacious in vWd and related disorders. We investigated the multimeric compositoin of von Willebrand factor (vWf), contents of vWf antigen (vWf:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity (RCof) in the heat-treated factor VIII concentrates and cryoprecipitate, and their capacity to directly induce aggregation of platelet-type (or pseudo-) vWd platelets in vitro. The vWf multimers were visualized by a newly developed, immuno-enzymatic staining of the gel, following a discontinuous SDS-agarose gel electrophoresis. The RCof/vWf:Ag ratio was around 1.0 in cryoprecipitate, and ranged from 0.19 to 0.96 in factor VIII concentrates. Among four commercially available concentrates studied, Haemate P contained the most high-molecular-weight multimers of vWf and the highest RCof relative to vWf:Ag, and induced the aggregation of platelet-type vWd platelets at the lowest concentration. When infused into a patient with platelet-type vWd, Haemate P (144 units vWf:Ag/kg body weight) shortened the prolonged bleeding time and caused spontaneous platelet aggregation in vitro with a mild diminution of platelet count (from the preinfusion value of 183,000μl to 139,000μl at 5 minutes). These results indicate that some of the heat-treated factor VIII concentrates contain the high-molecular-weight vWf multimers and may provide a safer, yet still effective, treatment for platelet-type vWd, and possibly for various types of vWd as well.

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Hyun, Sinjae, Sun Jin Moon e Chong S. Kim. "Computational Modeling of Aerosol Deposition Characteristics in Cyclic Bifurcating Tube Flow". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19169.

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An accurate model of the human respiratory system allows health scientists to gain insight into the interactions between particulate matter (PM) and the exposed surfaces of the lung airways. Respiratory dose simulations and modeling are frequently used for evaluating health effects of inhaled toxic substances [1–4] and for analyzing the risk potentials of inhaled toxic or harmful PM such as vehicle emissions [4,5]. Pharmaceutical companies and pulmonologists find it useful in evaluating efficacy of inhaled medicinal aerosols and devising new patient treatment regimen [6–8], especially in vulnerable population groups such as children, industrial workers, and the elderly [10]. Recently, the respiratory system has seen increased attention as a possible venue for drug delivery to fight diseases such as AIDS, diabetes, and various cancers, among others. Computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulation continues to be an important tool for understanding of delivery of pharmaceutical aerosols to the lung airways and thereby improving treatment of airway disease, particularly, asthma with bronchodilators and corticosteroids inhalers [11,12].

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Luz, Jeniffer, Scenio De Araujo, Caio Abreu, Juvenal Silva Neto e Carlos Gulo. "Formation of a cooperation network in Mato Grosso on Machine Learning and Image Analysis: Diagnosis of COVID-19 in X-ray images". In Computer on the Beach. São José: Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14210/cotb.v12.p523-524.

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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the scientific communityhas been making efforts in several areas, either by seekingvaccines or improving the early diagnosis of the disease to contributeto the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The use of X-rayimaging exams becomes an ally in early diagnosis and has been thesubject of research by the medical image processing and analysiscommunity. Although the diagnosis of diseases by image is a consolidatedresearch theme, the proposed approach aims to: a) applystate-of-the-art machine learning techniques in X-ray images forthe COVID-19 diagnosis; b) identify COVID-19 features in imagingexamination; c) to develop an Artificial Intelligence model toreduce the disease diagnosis time; in addition to demonstrating thepotential of the Artificial Intelligence area as an incentive for theformation of critical mass and encouraging research in machinelearning and processing and analysis of medical images in the Stateof Mato Grosso, in Brazil. Initial results were obtained from experimentscarried out with the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier,induced on a publicly available image dataset from Kaggle repository.Six attributes suggested by Haralick, calculated on the graylevel co-occurrence matrix, were used to represent the images. Theprediction model was able to achieve 82.5% accuracy in recognizingthe disease. The next stage of the studies includes the study of deeplearning models.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "AIDS (Disease) and art"

Liang, BiYan, BiYan Liang e Jian Wang. A Meta Analysis of the Efficacy of Tonic Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine for AIDS Immunological Nonresponses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tonic method in treating AIDS immunological nonresponses. Eligibility criteria: ①Study type: RCT based on tonic method in TCM for AIDS INRs. The language was limited to Chinese and English. ②The research object: HIV/AIDS patients with any disease stage; the intervention objects were adults with no gender restrictions. ③Intervention measures: The treatment group was treated with tonic prescriptions combined with ART, including four types of prescriptions for nourishing qi, nourishing blood, nourishing yin, or nourishing yang; the dosage, frequency, and method were not limited. The control group was treated with ART or mock agent and placebo. ④Outcome indicators: The observation indicators reported in the included studies should include at least one of the following indicators: 1) Effective rate of immune function reconstruction: formulated in accordance with "AIDS (Adult) Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Program" (2016 Edition) , effective: CD4 + T lymphocyte counts increased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%, invalid: CD4+ T lymphocyte counts decreased by ≥ 50 cells/l or ≥ 30%; total effective rate = effective number/total number; 2) CD4+T lymphocyte counts level.

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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson e Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.

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van Dam, Johannes, e Sherry Hutchinson. Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1000.

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As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.

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Davis, Robert E., Edna Tanne, James P. Prince e Meir Klein. Yellow Disease of Grapevines: Impact, Pathogen Molecular Detection and Identification, Epidemiology, and Potential for Control. United States Department of Agriculture, settembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568792.bard.

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Grapevine yellows diseases characterized by similar symptoms have been reported in several countries including Israel, the United States, France, Italy, Spain, Germany and Australia. These diseases are among the most serious known in grapevine, but precise knowledge of the pathogens' identities and modes of their spread is needed to devise effective control stratgegies. The overall goals of this project were to develop improved molecular diagnostic procedures for detection and identification of the presumed mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) pathogens, now termed phytoplasmas, and to apply these procedures to investigate impact and spread and potential for controlling grapevine yellows diseases. In the course of this research project, increased incidence of grapevine yellows was found in Israel and the United States; the major grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel was identified and tis 16S rRNA gene characterized; leafhopper vectors of this grapevine yellows phytoplasma in Israel were identified; a second phytoplasma was discovered in diseased grapevines in Israel; the grapevine yellows disease in the U.S. was found to be distinct from that in Israel; grapevine yellows in Virginia, USA, was found to be caused by two different phytoplasmas; both phytoplasmas in Virginia grapevines were molecularly characterized and classified; commercial grapevines in Europe were discovered to host a phytoplasma associated with aster yellow disease in the USA, but this phytoplasma has not been found in grapevine in the USA; the Australian grapevine yellows phytoplasma was found to be distinct from the grapevine phytoplasmas in Israel, the United States and Europe and was described and named "Candidatus phytoplasma australiense", and weed host plants acting as potential reservoirs of the grapevine phytoplasmas were discovered. These and other findings from the project should aid in the design and development of strategies for managing the grapevine yellows disease problem.

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Schubert, Wulf, e Nedim RADONCIC. COMPUTER AIDS FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES: THE AUSTRIAN STATE-OF-THE-ART. Cogeo@oeaw-giscience, settembre 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5242/iamg.2011.0666.

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Rebucci, Alessandro, Joong Shik Kang e Alessandro Prati. Aid, Exports, and Growth: A Time-Series Perspective on the Dutch Disease Hypothesis. Inter-American Development Bank, agosto 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010989.

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The available evidence on the effects of aid on growth is notoriously mixed. We use a novel empirical methodology, a heterogeneous panel vector-autoregression model identified through factor analysis, to study the dynamic response of exports, imports, and per capita GDP growth to a "global" aid shock (the common component of individual country aid-to-GDP ratios). We find that the estimated cumulative resposive of exports and per capita GDP growth to a global aid shock are strongly positively correlated, and both responses are inversely related to exchange rate overvaluation measures. We interpret this evidence as consistent with the Dutch disease hypothesis. However, we also find that, in countries with less overvalued real exchange rates, exports and per capita GDP growth respond positively to a global aid shock. This evidence suggests that preventing exchange rate overvaluations may allow aid-receiving countries to avoid the Dutch disease.

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Thanda Kyaw, Ai. Socio-Economic Impacts of Foot and Mouth Disease Among Cattle Farmers in Sagaing and Mandalay Areas, Myanmar. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), maggio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2784.

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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Sub-Regional Representation for South East Asia (OIE SRR-SEA) implemented the Stop Transboundary Animal Diseases and Zoonoses (STANDZ) Programme funded by AusAID to strengthen the veterinary services and effectively manage the control and eradication of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar. The purpose of the study is to understand how FMD outbreaks impact smallholder farmers, both men and women, at the household and village level and how control and eradication of FMD would benefit them. Specific aims are to estimate the direct and indirect socio-economic costs associated with the outbreaks of FMD as well as of the measures taken by farmers to deal with such outbreaks and to identify issues that contributed to the socio-economic impacts of FMD outbreaks and opportunities to reduce them.

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McDonald, Geral I., Philip D. Tanimoto, Thomas M. Rice, David E. Hall, Jane E. Stewart, Paul J. Zambino, Jonalea R. Tonn, Ned B. Klopfenstein e Mee-Sook Kim. Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 13: Root Disease Analyzer-Armillaria Response Tool (ART). Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-23-v13.

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Ibáñez, Ana María, Sandra Rozo e Maria J. Urbina. Forced Migration and the Spread of Infectious Diseases. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002894.

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We examine the role of Venezuelan forced migration on the propagation of 15 infectious dis-eases in Colombia. For this purpose, we use rich municipal-monthly panel data. We exploit the fact that municipalities closer to the main migration entry points have a disproportionate ex-posure to infected migrants when the cumulative migration flows increase. We find that higher refugee inflows are associated with increments in the incidence of vaccine-preventable dis-eases, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis, as well as sexually transmitted diseases, including AIDS and syphilis. However, we find no significant effects of migration on the propagation of vector-borne diseases. Contact with infected migrants upon arrival seems to be the main driving mechanism.

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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), dicembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.

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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.

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