Tesi sul tema "Agriculture and state – france – history"
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Geiter, Steffan James. "The Church, State, and Literature of Carolingian France". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3076.
Testo completoMontpetit, Eric. "Policy making performance, policy change, and political institutions : the formulation of an environmental policy for the agricultural sector in France, the United States and Canada /". *McMaster only, 1999.
Cerca il testo completoForsythe, Anne Cabrié. "Comparing Terrors: State Terrorism in Revolutionary France and Russia". W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626669.
Testo completoMazower, Benjamin Louis. "Agriculture, farm labour and the state in the Natal Midlands, 1940-1960". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14317.
Testo completoThis thesis analyses agrarian development in the Natal Midlands during the 1940s and 1950s. Based predominantly on archival and primary sources, it seeks to provide some empirical evidence in an area where such information is sorely lacking. The first chapter briefly analyses the national agricultural economy in the 1940s before turning to the Natal Midlands. The importance of urban factors in fuelling the post-war boom is examined, as is the way in which different groups of farmers reacted to these developments. The second chapter discusses the position of farm workers. The system of labour tenancy is considered and stress is laid on the various tensions within the system which became prominent at this time. The use of the courts and the police in helping farmers control their workers, informal methods of control and labourers' resistance are also examined. The next chapter discusses the severe farm labour shortage and shows how it emerged from the tensions within labour tenancy and the increasing urban opportunities seized by farm workers. Attention is also paid to the farm labour policies of the pre-apartheid state and these are compared with the policies demanded by organised agriculture. The final chapter examines these processes during the 1950s. The effect of the slowdown in agricultural growth is discussed as is the limited success of the apartheid state's farm labour policies. It is suggested that the key to understanding the state's lack of success lies in differentiating between different categories of farmers. The agricultural crisis in the late 1950s and its effects are also analysed. Finally, it is suggested that the key determinants of agrarian development are accumulation and struggle rather than state policies.
Gilkey, Emily 1984. "Marriage in Crisis: The Individual and the State in Belle Epoque France". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10059.
Testo completoThis thesis offers an analysis of the competing interests of the state and the individual in Belle Epoque France as manifested in a crisis of marriage. I argue that traditional institutions that favored social stability were incompatible with a modern understanding of individual rights. My argument is centered on three issues: the abolition of the dowry, the legalization of divorce and the legitimization of free union. Conservatives considered familial stability to be a vital element of national security, thereby justifying extensive state interference in marriage practices. Liberals contended that the primary function of government was to guarantee individuals maximal freedom. These competing interests produced a climate of crisis that pitted two irreconcilable visions of marriage against one another.
Committee in Charge: George Sheridan, Chair; David Luebke; Alexander Dracobly
Huang, Zhi Feng. "Study of European Union Common Agricultural Policy : France agricultural policy anaysis". Thesis, University of Macau, 2008. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2555543.
Testo completoPeplow, Stephen. "What causes a cabinet to change its mind? the British farmer and the state 1818-2004". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/895.
Testo completoKISER, EDGAR VANCE. "KINGS AND CLASSES: CROWN AUTONOMY, STATE POLICIES, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISMS (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SWEDEN, SPAIN)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184073.
Testo completoLawrence, David. "British agricultural policy, 1917-1932". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55612.
Testo completoRuffing, Jason L. "A Century of Overproduction in American Agriculture". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700066/.
Testo completoBrown, Howard Gordon. "Power, bureaucracy and the state elite : the revolutionary politics of army control and administration in France 1792 to 1799". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305690.
Testo completoSchmitz-Thursam, Trevor Charles. "The Tumult of Amboise and the Importance of Historical Memory in Sixteenth-Century France". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4789.
Testo completoVan, der Watt Susanna Maria Elizabeth. ""It is drought, locusts, depression ... and the Lord knows what else" : a socio-environmental history of white agriculture in the Union of South Africa, with reference to the Orange Free State c. 1920-1950". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2404.
Testo completoAlthough the environment is of obvious and primary importance in agriculture, the historical relationship between agriculture and the environment has not been widely researched. A socio-environmental paradigm provides a useful, inter-disciplinary framework for writing history. It takes into account the fact that ‘natural disasters’ are not merely happening to farmers, governments and communities, subsequently disturbing economic growth-patterns and reverberating amongst policy-makers and politicians. The relationship is much more reciprocal. The environment is not perceived as a player that sometimes disrupts the historical narrative, forcing the plot in a certain direction before returning to the wings. It is rather percieved as an agent within agricultural history. The social-cultural as well as material relationships between people (in this case white farmers), state and the environment are explored as an ecosystem. The thesis focuses on a time period after the First World War to just after the Second World War (c.1920 – c.1950). It asks questions: whom and what has informed the ideas of the state with regards to agriculture and to what extent did it filtered through to the farming communities themselves? The motives behind these approaches are explored. The thesis will also look at how officials translated the policies, legislation and education into what was perceived as functional for the farmers and effective for the environment, tracing how it changed over time. The shifting perception of the farmers about the environment and themselves, and the role of the state played in ‘management’ of the environment are analysed, using press correspondence, marketing campaigns and popular texts. Two themes that garnered much debate in the agricultural sector at the state, farmer and environment interface, include the ‘disasters’ of soil erosion and locust plagues. On the level of ‘scientific agriculture,’ the shift from Europe as a point of reference to the United States is discussed. This is done against the backdrop of South Africa’s semi-arid landscape and how farmers came to grips with this ostensibly hostile environment in an era where mechanisation and urbanisation are thought to have radically altered the conceptualisation of the natural environment.
RIZZI, Elena Maria Rita. "Modern art and the making of a French republican imaginary, 1919-1940". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/70295.
Testo completoExamining Board: Professor Laura Lee Downs (European University Institute); Professor Ann Thomson (European University Institute); Professor Kevin Passmore (Cardiff University); Professor Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel (Université de Genève)
Winner of the 2022 James Kaye Memorial Prize for the Best Doctoral Thesis in History and Visuality.
Recent scholarship on the interwar French art milieu has overcome, on the one hand, ethnonationalism as the main interpretive framework for examining the relationship between art and politics and, on the other, a celebratory narrative that made Paris the liberal and democratic interwar art centre. Building on these recent studies, my thesis aims to reassess the nexus between art and politics in interwar France. I do this by asking what kind of Republican imaginaries were created in the modern art promoted by public institutions. In order to answer this question, the thesis builds on a second, recent body of scholarship that re-examines French politics and Republican political culture through new lenses. This work highlights the polysemic and plastic nature of Republican ideology, the variety of stances contained within Republicanism, and hence the existence of different and competing understandings of the French Republic. By delving into four case studies, namely the Musée des écoles étrangères, the Musée de Grenoble, the tapestries realised at the Manufacture des Gobelins and the mural art projects financed by the state in the late 1930s, the thesis demonstrates that the modern art promoted by public institutions engendered political imaginaries that testify to the simultaneous existence of conservative, liberal, civic or communitarian, that is, local Republics. While making modern art the bearer of competing views on the French Republic in the 1920s and 1930s, the imaginaries that were created by modern art institutions and practices mythologised Republican universalism. Yet, these imaginaries revealed all the ambiguity contained in France’s universalistic project. At a time marked by the never-ending bellicosity that ensued from the First World War and the political and economic crises of the 1930s, the imaginaries created by modern art thus gave birth to a Republican visual politics. As the thesis argues, this Republican visual politics had a sociopolitical meaning. Modern art, especially figurative art, created imaginaries that could confront, above all, the interwar crisis of the Republic and its universalism, and the crisis in social and political representations that stemmed from the political turmoil and instability of the interwar years.
Santana, Acuna Alvaro Agustin. "The Making of a National Cadastre (1763-1807): State Uniformization, Nature Valuation, and Organizational Change in France". Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13065020.
Testo completoSociology
Russell, Diane. "Food supply and the state: the history and social organization of the rice trade in Kisangani, Zaire". Thesis, Boston University, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41553.
Testo completoNelson, Eric W. "The king, the Jesuits and the French Church, 1594-1615". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78447dd8-1dbb-4a2f-8aee-f964c293faa9.
Testo completoKheir, Mayyada. "Les (in)tolérances de l'abbé Grégoire /". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79781.
Testo completoGabillet, Fabien. "La vraie France est au Canada!, les échos de la séparation de l'Église et de l'État de 1905 dans la presse canadienne-française". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ57863.pdf.
Testo completoRuskoski, David Thomas. "The Polish Army in France: Immigrants in America, World War I Volunteers in France, Defenders of the Recreated State in Poland". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/1.
Testo completoKelly, Lori Lee. "THE ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS THE U.S. FARM BILLS HAVE ON THE STATE OF OHIO". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375792739.
Testo completoBoyson, David B. "The first Kingdom of Burgundy : the history and archaeology of a successor state in the south eastern France and western Switzerland". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315601.
Testo completoBallon, Hilary Meg. "Architecture and urbanism in Henri IV's Paris : the Place Royale, Place Dauphine, and Hôpital St. Louis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71371.
Testo completoMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 348-379).
This dissertation concerns the extensive building program which Henri IV undertook in Paris from 1600 to 1610. Focusing on the place Royale (now called the place des Vosges) , the place Dauphine, rue Dauphine, and Pont Neuf, and the hôpital St. Louis, this study holds that Henri IV's urbanism was guided by an emerging view of the city as a unified entity. Drawing from newly uncovered notarial documents, the dissertation examines the form and the function of the monuments and argues that each building was embedded in its physical context, engaged in the life of the city, and informed by an underlying urban vision . First, the buildings were not autonomous geometric forms dropped into open spaces; they were conceived as parts of a larger urban composition, structured by axes which linked the monuments to major roads without however diminishing the quality of spatial enclosure which the designs also promoted. Second, the squares and the hospital were each charged with a program anchored in the commercial, social, and sanitary life of the city. The place Royale and place Dauphine were planned as residential and commercial squares to stimulate trade and manufacturing while the hôpital St. Louis was intended to minimize the convulsive effect of the plague on the city. Finally, the dissertation argues that the royal building program was not merely a sequence of unrelated improvements and isolated adornments, but rather a series of coordinated efforts to impose a unifying order on the city. The monuments were assigned functions which addressed the city as a whole . They were physically linked to more distant parts of the city, and they were composed to create grand urban vistas. The urban fabric was no long e r conceived as an accumulation of fragments contained within the walls; it was understood as a cohesive network with its own internal order.
by Hilary Meg Ballon.
Ph.D.
Hove, Godfrey. "The state, farmers and dairy farming in colonial Zimbabwe (Southern Rhodesia), c.1890-1951". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97113.
Testo completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses dairy farming in colonial Zimbabwe/Southern Rhodesia as a lens to explore the intersection of economic, social and environmental factors in colonial agriculture from the 1890s until 1951, when a new regulatory framework was introduced for the industry. It examines the complex and fluid interactions between the colonial state and farmers (both white and black), and the manner in which these interactions shaped and reshaped policy within the context of the local political economy and the changing global economic conditions. It examines the competing interests of the colonial state and farmers, and how these tensions played out in the formulation and implementation of dairy development policy over time. This thesis demonstrates that these contestations profoundly affected the trajectory of an industry that started as a mere side-line to the beef industry until it had become a central industry in Southern Rhodesia’s agricultural economy by the late 1940s. Thus, besides filling a historiographical gap in existing studies of Southern Rhodesia’s agricultural economy, the thesis engages in broader historiographical conversations about settler colonial agricultural policy and the role of the state and farmers in commercial agriculture. Given the fractured nature of colonial administration in Southern Rhodesia, this study also discusses conflicts among government officials. It demonstrates how these differences affected policy formulation and implementation, especially regarding African commercial dairy production. This thesis also explores the impact of a segregationist agricultural policy, particularly focusing on prejudices about the “African body” and hygiene. It shows how this shaped the character of both African and white production trends. It demonstrates that Africans were unevenly affected by settler policy, as some indigenous people continued to compete with white farmers at a time when existing regulations were intended to exclude them from the colonial dairy industry. It argues that although dairy farming had grown to be a strong white-dominated industry by 1951, the history of dairy farming during the period under review was characterised by contestations between the state and both white and African farmers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis gebruik suiwelboerdery in koloniale Zimbabwe/Suid-Rhodesie as ’n lens om die ekonomiese, sosiale en omgewingsgerigte kruispunte in koloniale landbou van omstreeks 1890 t 1951 toe ‘n nuwe regulatoriese raamwerk vir suiwelboerdery ingestel is te, ondersoek. Die komplekse en vloeibare interaksies tussen die koloniale staat en boere (wit sowel as swart) en die wyse waarop hierdie interaksies beleid binne die konteks van die plaaslike politieke ekonomie en die globale ekonomiese omstandighede gevorm en hervorm het, word ondersoek. Hierbenewens word gelet op die spanninge tussen die belange van die koloniale staat en die boere (wit sowel as swart) en hoe hierdie spanning oor tyd in die formulering en implementering van suiwelbeleid gemanifested het. Hierdie tesis demonstreer dat di spanninge en stryd ’n diepgaande uitwerking gehad het op ’n bedryf wat aanvanklik as ondergeskik tot die vleisbedryf begin het, naar teen die leat as ‘n sentrale veertigerjere bedryf in die Rhodesiëse landelike ekonomie uitgekristalliseer het. Benewens die feit dat die proefakrif ’n historiografiese leemte in bestaande koloniale Zimbabwe aangespreek, vorm dit ook deel van ’n breër historiografiese diskoers ten opsigte van setlaar koloniale landbou in Zimbabwe en die rol van die staat en boere in kommersiële landbou. Vanweё die gefragmenteerde aard van koloniale administrasie in Suid-Rhodesië, fokus die tesis ook op die konflikte tussen regeringsamptenare en hoe hierdie geskille veral beleidsformulering en implementering ten opsigte van swart kommersiële suiwelboerdery beïnvloed het. Vervolgens word die uitwerking van ’n landboubeleid geliasear of segragasi onder die loep geneem met spesiale verwysing na die geskiktheid van swartmense vir kommersiële suiwelboerdery en hoe dit die aard en karakter van beide swart sowel as wit produksie tendense beïnvloed het. Daar word aangedui dat swartmense nie eenvormig deur setlaarsbeleid geraak is nie aangesien van hulle met wit boere meegeding het op ’n stadium toe die heersende regulasies daerop gemik was oin baie van hulle uit die koloniale suiwelbedryfwit te slint. Die sentrale argument is dat hoewel suiwelboerdery sterk wit gedomineerd was teen 1951, die geskiedenis van die bedryf gedurende die tydperk onder bespreking gekenmerk is deur stryd en konflite tussen die staat en wit sowel as swart boere.
Lefranc-Morel, Sophie. "Valorisation de l’histoire et du patrimoine des coopératives agricoles : l’exemple de la Loire". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET2176/document.
Testo completoBorn out of misery, agricultural co-operatives have been walking hand in hand with farrners through economie, political and societal changes since the beginning of the 20th century.. Economie tool designed tofulfill the development of their members and their territories, they never stopped proving their capacities to adapt. However, their political model involving members to the decision-making process had suffered from changes such as diversification, the establishment of subsidiaries, the opening to non-co-operative partners.The place of members has to be reassessed, their loyalty being an undeniable asset for the co-op.This study is based upon the analysis of the minutes of the general assemblies of five agricultural coops.It aims at making history an asset in the management of the members: by building knowledge, history can feed communication towards members. Finally, it is proposed to carry out this research in a co-operative way so as to pool resources
Scott, Sean A. "Alcohol and agriculture : the political philosophy of Calvin Coolidge demonstrated in two domestic policies". Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164850.
Testo completoDepartment of History
Brunier, Sylvain. "Conseillers et conseillères agricoles en France (1945 -1983) : l'amour du progrès aux temps de la "révolution silencieuse"". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926891.
Testo completoYandell, Andrew W. "The Potential Application of Weather Derivatives to Hedge Harvest Value Risk in the Champagne Region of France". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/359.
Testo completoVulliod, Francois. "La Normandie occidentale (la Manche) de la fin du Moyen Age au milieu du XIX siècle : étude démographique et économique". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC036/document.
Testo completoThis study offers a description and analysis of the economic structure, until the mid 19th century, of the fraction of Occidental Normandy which is currently the department “La Manche”. The first part builds up the evolution of population (down to each parish or community), prices of the main agricultural products and salaries from the early 14th century; it offers detailed comparisons with corresponding elements in other French regions. It elaborates on the joint evolution of population and prices, and prices and salaries, in order to caracterise the five or six main stages of this territory’s economic history. The second part successively deals with each of the main branches of industry (agriculture, industry and craftsmanship, maritime trade), between the early 17th (agriculture) or 18th (other sectors) century and the 1850’s. A detailed description is given for each industry, or where appropriate individual companies, leading to estimated evolutions of revenues, added value (in some cases profitability) and staff over the course of the study period, with the help of simple industry-specific econometric models. The strengths and weaknesses of this economy are finally assessed, with the perspective in mind of its further integration into 19th century France
Schrickel, James Robert. "La Survie du petit cultivateur et l'agriculture traditionnelle en France: Le Conflit entre l'heritage et l'efficaciteThe Survial of the Small Farmer and Traditional Agriculture in France: The Conflict Between Heritage and Efficiency". Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1399384506.
Testo completoLandel, Pauline. "Participation et verrouillage technologique dans la transition écologique en agriculture. Le cas de l'Agriculture de Conservation en France et au Brésil". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0022/document.
Testo completoIntensive use of pesticides in agriculture has environmental and sanitary impacts that led to the need for less harmful techniques. Policy makers are claiming for an “ecological transition” of the sector but they are facing technological lock-ins : pesticides-based solutions remain dominant because of institutional and cognitive factors that prevent the development of other alternatives (Cowan, Gunby, 1996; Vanloqueren, Baret, 2008…). In this context, the idea of enlarging the participation of new actors in technological decisions has gained success as it is supposed to enlarge the range of available evidence and lead to better and fairer technological choices (Barber, 1984; Callon et al., 2001; Elgert, 2010)This PhD research aims at questioning the idea of participation as a way to unlock technological lock-ins , using the case of Conservation Agriculture (CA) in France and Brazil, an innovation presented as based on participatory dynamics of R&D and a way to achieve sustainable agriculture, in spite of the dependence of some practices on an intensive use of herbicides. Data was collected from academic literature, documentary analysis, and semi directive or collective interviews with 51 actors both in France and Brazil. Results show the deep changes the regime of knowledge in agriculture has undergone in the last decades under the liberalization of the sector- and why referring to the idea of participation is unefficient to counterbalance these structural changes, or can even have perverse effects.Academic literature described the evolution of agricultural policies, at the international, European and French levels, analyzing the “environmental” turn of the 1980s and the “liberal” turn of the 1990s-2000s (Fouilleux, 2003; Muller, 2000; Trouvé, 2007). But few studies focused on the impacts these changes had on how decision makers and farmers have access to scientific and technical evidence to innovate and cope with new situations. This PhD research shows how the regime of knowledge in France evolved from the modernization period (1960s) - when access to reliable evidence was an issue of public concern and funding in the State administrations and extension services; to a turning point in the 2000s when the State progressively disengaged from the debate on the technological trajectory of the sector and private firms became more and more implicated. In the case of CA, the results of a policy networks analysis show the concentration of material resources to produce robust evidence (R&D, extension services, databases ) in the hands of private firms wishing to develop technological packages based on the use of pesticides. On the other hand, local farmers trying to reduce their consumption of pesticides lack resources to systematically evaluate the innovations they produce.In this context, the idea of participation refers to organizing big national consultations (as the Grenelle de l’Environnement) that rather aim at producing consensus than shedding light on existing controversies and alternatives. It is also used to discharge the responsibility for producing pesticide-less alternatives to different kinds of partnerships at a local level (sometimes associating private firms with commercial interests in selling pesticides).This research therefore shows that, besides other institutional and cognitive factors, the issue of accessing adequate evidence is of crucial importance to understand changes in policy making and the State and at the heart of great economic and socio-political conflicts. It also highlights the importance of taking into account structural determinants and evidence-related power games in order to evaluate the impacts of “participation” on improving technological choices
Tricoire, Damien. "Compter sur Dieu. Les conséquences politiques de la Réforme catholique en France, Bavière et Pologne-Lituanie". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040094.
Testo completoCommon wisdom says that it is not possible to dissociate religion from politics before the 18th century. But how is it possible to study the influence of religious patterns on political action? Since Marc Bloch and Ernst Kantorowicz, a great deal of scholarly work has been written on religious legitimization of political power, yet the other dimensions of politics - the development of policies and the struggles around it - have been somewhat neglected. Historiography about the Thirty Years’ War or French foreign policy under Louis XIII still postulates a dichotomy between religiously and politically motivated actors and, because of this, fails to analyse properly the political debates of the 17th century. Examining the influence of Catholic reform on political calculation in the first half of 17th century, the doctoral thesis proposes a way bridging religion and politics in all its dimensions, and in so doing develops new narratives of political history. The questions of the resistance to war in France, of the Fronde, of the character of the Thirty Years’ War, and of the failure of the Polish monarchy are re-considered. Furthermore, this work provides a general view of Catholic reform and of its impact on political life. It pays particular attention to the new religious-political cults propelling state construction, and especially to the State Marian patronage
Drouvot, Laurent. "Etude historique du droit antiterroriste français depuis 1986". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUL0160.
Testo completoSince the law of September 9, 1986 on terrorism, the French public authority has adopted a very unique law to fight against a phenomenon that will be described as recurrent in French history. It was, through such a law at the time of its vote in any case to defeat the terrorist phenomenon and this at a time of political tension that it weighed on the State at the origin of this legislative creation. Tt should be noted that the law indicated was situated in a purely judicial perspective offering both a completely rigorous device in repression and also a form of benevolence if we judge by the existence of it device aimed at repentants. Both the police and the jurisdictional phase have been equipped with this law with a now robust legal apparatus capable of stemming the terrorist threat. The interest in studying the aspect of the fight against terrorism since the creation of this matrix law on which the study is based makes it possible to list after it the assertion of large number of anti-terrorist laws which have undoubtedly remodeled the vision on matter. Thus, to a system at tq.e base of its purely judicial creation and above all eminently retrospective, the evolution of the terrorist phenomenon and especially the culture of the martyr particularly in the evolution of terrorism of Middle Eastern origin, to direct the legislator under the weight dramatic events to focus more and more on the preventive aspect of the threat. This is how surreptitiously the pre-judicial phase grew to anticipate the phenomenon and where intelligence therefore flourished.Indeed, many laws have evolved towards the pre-offence aspect in order to be able to stem events even before they occur. Such a development is not neutral in guaranteeing respect for the public freedoms due to citizens, even though legislative activism on the subject does not seem to suffer from any criticism of Caesarism since it is a question of guaranteeing the protection of the people against indiscriminate violence. Such an evolution will know its consecration with the reactivation of the law of April 3, 1955 relating to the state of emergency which, at the time of Sunni terrorism which recently rocked the French nation, will lead to multiple extensions of such a derogatory regime for the management of civil liberties with all its corollaries of restrictions. The law of October 30, 2017 will then crown this return of administrative law to the fight since it will enshrine technical elements of the state of emergency in common law. The occurrence shortly after of the health crisis will greatly disrupt French democratic life in a state of permanent stress on a subject this time health of restrictions of publie freedoms once again, we will see decision-making on this subject in outside Parliament with the Defense Council. Thus, the fight against terrorism today has two paths, on the one hand the judicial aspect when the act took place as at the time of the matrix law but on the other hand above all the administrative path when it is a question of seeking the risk of a terrorist act. Both of these laws are subject to conventional and Europea law control, a situation guaranteeing a form of protection for citizens. This protection provided by what is referred to as the rule of law is currently being criticized at a time when governments are in precarious phases and have taken a liking tc sui generis legislation
Depreter, Michaël. "Estoit moult belle et poissant: artillerie, artisans et pouvoir princier dans les pays bourguignons, v. 1450-1493". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209260.
Testo completoEn une première partie sont analysés les modes de décision, de financement et de contrôle d’une arme en plein essor. L’implication personnelle des ducs, Charles le Hardi/Téméraire en tête, est patente. Mais, le développement d’une administration particulière s’impose. La spécialisation de ce personnel est révélée par l’analyse prosopographique. L’artillerie acquiert alors une certaine autonomie au niveau de la gestion des stocks matériels et des ressources financières et humaines.
La seconde partie est consacrée au matériel. Les politiques d’acquisition des armes à feu, des munitions et du matériel auxiliaire (affûts, manteaux, outillage divers) témoignent d’une prise en main progressive de la production :on assiste à l’émergence, encore timide certes, d’une première « industrie d’État ». Quittant le château ducal, le parc d’artillerie des princes bourguignons rejoint des lieux plus adaptés à son stockage, à son entretien, voire à sa fabrication :c’est la naissance de l’arsenal moderne – un des premiers à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Il est alors possible, pour les gestionnaires comme pour l’historien, d’évaluer la puissance de frappe des ducs. Celle-ci est tributaire de deux facteurs :le nombre de bouches à feu, d’une part, la standardisation des calibres, influençant les cadences de tir, de l’autre. Tant au niveau quantitatif que qualitatif, l’état-major bourguignon mène de réels efforts qui doivent permettre à l’artillerie ducale d’éluder les inconvénients politiques et militaires d’un emprunt aux communes et aux seigneurs.
Le troisième volet de l’étude concerne les hommes animant les structures de l’artillerie. Il s’agit d’un ensemble d’artisans-soldats ayant un rôle dans la conception, la fabrication et la manipulation de l’arme. Les modalités de leur recrutement révèlent la volonté du pouvoir princier de s’attacher les meilleurs spécialistes. Un corps ordinaire aux effectifs encore minces, certes, est alors constitué, complété en temps de guerre par un appel aux métiers urbains et par la réquisition d’une abondante main-d’œuvre sur le pays.
Au final, si le gouvernement de Philippe le Bon en révèle les prémices, l’émergence de nouvelles conceptions relatives à la gestion d’une arme en pleine croissance doit attendre le règne de Charles le Hardi. L’efficacité de l’artillerie ducale, devenant un véritable instrument au service du pouvoir central, devait s’en trouver accrue. Pourtant, suite aux défaites de ce duc, un recul des conceptions de l’arme est perceptible. Sans pour autant abandonner entièrement la poursuite des visées de son prédécesseur, Maximilien doit composer avec des moyens financiers et humains inférieurs. Le pouvoir central devint alors à nouveau plus dépendant des pouvoirs communaux et seigneuriaux avec lesquels il fallait négocier, dans le domaine de l’artillerie comme en tant d’autres…
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tricoire, Damien. "Compter sur Dieu. Les conséquences politiques de la Réforme catholique en France, Bavière et Pologne-Lituanie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040094.
Testo completoCommon wisdom says that it is not possible to dissociate religion from politics before the 18th century. But how is it possible to study the influence of religious patterns on political action? Since Marc Bloch and Ernst Kantorowicz, a great deal of scholarly work has been written on religious legitimization of political power, yet the other dimensions of politics - the development of policies and the struggles around it - have been somewhat neglected. Historiography about the Thirty Years’ War or French foreign policy under Louis XIII still postulates a dichotomy between religiously and politically motivated actors and, because of this, fails to analyse properly the political debates of the 17th century. Examining the influence of Catholic reform on political calculation in the first half of 17th century, the doctoral thesis proposes a way bridging religion and politics in all its dimensions, and in so doing develops new narratives of political history. The questions of the resistance to war in France, of the Fronde, of the character of the Thirty Years’ War, and of the failure of the Polish monarchy are re-considered. Furthermore, this work provides a general view of Catholic reform and of its impact on political life. It pays particular attention to the new religious-political cults propelling state construction, and especially to the State Marian patronage
Fersing, Antoine. "Idoines et suffisant : les officiers d'Etat et l'extension des droits du Prince en Lorraine ducale (début du XVIe siècle - 1633)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG009.
Testo completoBetween the first years of the 16th century and the beginning of the Thirty Years War in Lorraine, in 1633, the shape of State power is deeply transformed in the duchies of Lorraine and Bar: a written law and judicial proceedings are defined, a system of permanent taxation is established and a standing army is raised. All these evolutions implies a higher number of State officers, for whom careers in the service of the prince can be known using the letters establishing them in office as well as the account books recording the payment of their wages. For those men, the service of the prince can be a mean to get rich and to improve their social position, which is the reason why they try to extend the rights of their master, hoping that he will reward them with favours (such as bounties, pensions, letters of ennoblement, conversions of land in fiefs, etc.). As the number and the technicality of the cases involving the State raise, the prince gives to those men an increasing autonomy, which leads to a drastic change in the operating processes of the ducal State
Kohlhauer, Elsa. "Le droit politique comme théorie constitutionnelle : proposition de systématisation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD013.
Testo completoDroit politique is today a mystery. That utterance, which once refered to what is now usually called constitutional law, has disappeared from textbooks and is henceforth only used to describe a bygone age. Several french lawyers make however exception, by claiming that droit politique is a new way of dealing with constitutional matters. These authors distinguich themselves by showing their scepticism about the development of constitutional litigation. If they don’t deny that the constitutional jurisdiction has deeply transformed political systems, they prefer to value an institutional, historical and political definition of constitutional law. According to these lawyers, this is the way to build a constitutional theory. Droit politique is yet not always clearly or globaly defined. Still it is possible to detect some consistency into the many ideas it suggests, but those need to be systematized, in order to emphasize the contribution of droit politique to doctrinal dispute. The droit politique’s consistency can first be proven regarding its ontology, which offers a relevant analysis of positive law. Droit politique’s consistency is also methodological. Although implicit, its methodology appears as coherent as it is original
Mihail, Benoît. "Le "Néo-Flamand" en France: un passé régional retrouvé et réinventé sous la Troisième République". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211363.
Testo completoKalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Testo completo« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Wagener, Noé. "Les prestations publiques en faveur de la protection du patrimoine culturel". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA111007.
Testo completoThe thesis has made the methodological choice of reducing the action of the State for the protection of cultural heritage to a simple series of "services". Taking the neoliberal perspective literally, it intends to study all State interventions in this area, regardless of the shapes they assume (enactment of regulation and provision of services). In doing so, the scientific challenge of the thesis is to get to determine why the State acts in cultural heritage, and more specifically why it acts in a certain way rather than another. This functional interrogation, rarely asked by lawyers in France, is of interest as it questions the particular ways in which specific categories of law help to produce - much more than to describe - the choice of a particular cultural heritage protection. Thus, the diachronic observation of services, since the French Revolution, shows that on multiple occasions, these services have found, in all seriousness, their source outside the State, specifically in a community right. Also, beyond a progressive etatization process (which is not in itself very original), a complex reversal of the relation of the State to the society emerges : during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the State frees itself from the society, helped by a massive work of doctrinal reconceptualizations. It is only between World War I and World War II, after the failure of theories of social law, that the legal explanation of State services for the protection of cultural heritage is finally locked in the antagonism between the authority of the State and fundamental rights
Catta, Jean-Régis. "Le cabinet ministériel : essai d’analyse constitutionnelle". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020063.
Testo completoSince more than a century, the ministerial cabinet is an essential organ of the French political system. This team appointed by the Minister gathers his immediate staff. It is connected to administrations, to Parliament, to lobbies, to Medias, and sometimes to citizens. There are very few legal studies on this subject, which interests especially the political sciences and the sociology. With few exceptions, constitutional doctrine has always regarded the cabinet as an institution legally inseparable from the person of the Minister. Given the magnitude of this practice, the almost unanimous silence of doctrine is rather surprising. This doctrinal indifference finds an explanation in the history of constitutional representations. The emergence and development of ministerial cabinets since the monarchy’s Restoration in 1814 are related to the alterations undergone by the Napoleonic Council of State throughout the nineteenth century. Beyond the vicissitudes of political history, they express the persisting of a customary principle stemming from French revolutionary constitutionalism, according to which the governmental function must be organically separated from the administrative function. These two functions – merged at the Minister's level in accordance with the logic of the parliamentary system – will remain separated inside the ministry, by means of cabinets. The conventional reluctance of the French constitutional doctrine with regard to the notion of "governmental function" largely explains the novelty of such a reading of constitutional history
Prieur, Florent Marcel. "Dompter une ville en colère : Genèse, conception et mise en œuvre de la police d’État de Lyon 1800-1870". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20076.
Testo completoThe law of 19th June 1851 which establishes state control over the police of Lyon marks a major break in the history of urban policing in France. Since the French Revolution, mayors were in charged of the police in all the French municipalities, Paris excepted. From 1851, Lyon thus became an exception. Because it differenced itself by its recurring revolts since the end of the XVIIIth century, because it is considered as the capital of the southeast-part of France and because its population appeared unanimously as refusing any kind of domination, it was considered as a rebel city. During the "people’s spring" marked by the regular uprisings of the partisans of the democratic and social Republic, in June, 1848 then in June, 1849, Lyon became for the authorities, the headquarters of all those who wanted to turn upside down social order in France and even in Europe. Yet, during this period, the police of Lyon gave daily proofs of a total failure to fight criminality, in spite of a general reorganization tempted in autumn 1848.In reaction, the Parisian power gradually put Lyon "outside the common law". The city and its suburbs were firstly deprived of their national guards in July 1848, unlike the other municipalities, because its guards were perceived, between the Rhône and the Saône, as weak in front of riots and quick to turn around against the army and the police. On June 15th 1849, a new uprising burst in Lyon. Repressed by the army, it engaged the general reform of the administrative and police organization of the city and the suburbs. Lyon and the five departments of the 6th military division had immediately been are placed and maintained under state of siege. Firstly tried in autumn 1849, the reform succeeded with the law of 19th June 1851. From then on, Lyon had a state-controlled police, in the hands of the prefect of the Rhône who became a prefect of police, acting in a new administrative entity, the Lyon agglomeration, which included a dozen municipalities and suburbs. The decree of March 24th, 1852 made this reform succeed, by suppressing the mayor and by attributing its functions to the prefect, by annexing the suburban municipalities and by dividing the city into five districts. On the police plan, services were reorganized until 1854, on the basis of the models of Paris, London and Geneva.The State police of Lyon crossed the Second Empire and became the model from which the polices of the prefectures of more than 40 000 inhabitants passed under state control in 1855. Nevertheless, the State police is contested during the 1860s, in the Legislative Corps and the General Council of the Rhône. The republican asked for the restoration of an elected municipality in Lyon, seen as the first step of the return of the city in the police "common law". Gradually, political surveillance of the urban space became increasingly difficult, and the police staff seemed insufficient. Nevertheless, it was the defeat of Sedan that would mark the end of the State police. Once the Republic had been proclaimed, the municipality of Lyon just recomposed took back immediately the direction of the police on September 4th, 1870
McFarlane, Elizabeth Anne. "French travellers to Scotland, 1780-1830 : an analysis of some travel journals". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21711.
Testo completoFontvieille, Damien. "La galaxie Bochetel : un clan de pouvoir au service de la couronne de France de Louis XII à Louis XIII". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL144.
Testo completoThis thesis study a familial group which composes a clan of power whose extension is very large. Guillaume Bochetel, secretary of State between 1547 and his death in 1558, is the architect of this clan. Through the alliances forged for his children he has reunited around him several families of “robins” who move up the social ladder thanks the service of the king, such as the L’Aubespine, the Bourdin or the Morvillier who in turn have brought their own allies, such as the Neufville or the Brulart. The study covers a period between the 15th century, when several families start serving the princes of the Val de Loire and the beginning of the 17th century when the clan is progressively fading away leaving Villeroy as the political heir, secretary of State between Charles IX and Louis XIII. The purpose is to underline a particular group of power marked by a strong solidarity and the importance of blood links, whose members hold the highest offices under the Valois. They possess the majority of the secretaries of State between 1547 and 1588 and are regularly sent as diplomates in Europe. The functioning of this clan with its rivalries, the roles given to each member and its different figures is outlined. The clan, through his allies in Berry, allows to study the dialog between the French court and the provinces. The men and women of this clan share a particular social identity, between the “haute robe” and the nobility. This clan offers also a mirror of the transformations of the French monarchy in the modern era, between a domestic state and the progressive birth of an experimented administration
Dupré, Romain. "Les juifs de France et l'antisémitisme : de l'affaire Dreyfus à 1940". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010637.
Testo completoTaking place at a critical time in the history of the Jews of France, this thesis approaches the reports of the latter to the anti-Semitism following a historiography presenting only a partial and scattered vision of this question. This thesis questions the perception of the Jews in metropolitan France about the anti-Semitism raging in France, in Algeria and abroad, their reactions towards this one and the identity evolutions which they have brought on themselves. To this end, we mobilize the tools of the psychology and the sociology, besides those of the historian. In the first part, we put the context, an essential stage to understand the plurality over time of these relationships within a vast ground of local and national investigations. We particularly focus on the actual exposure of the Jews of France to anti-Semitism. The second part approaches more concretely their opposed reactions to this ordeal: the silences, the reflections on the hatred, the actions intended to fight against it. We conclude on the impacts on identity, such as on the pride, the recomposition, the self-hatred and/or the exposure to the inescapable contact to hatred. Finally, these reactions must be interpreted as a maturation of pre-existing reports in the Jewishness and/or in the official or de facto Frenchness of the Jews of France. The anti-Semitism has helped to strengthen Jewish identity in France, while bringing adaptations of « Franco- Judaism » to the realities of the minority condition of the Jews of France, whatever their origins
Marty, Pauline. "Les appropriations urbaines de la question agricole. Le cas de Brive, de 1945 à 2012". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00999857.
Testo completoFerrer-Bartomeu, Jérémie. "L’État à la lettre. Institutions de l’écrit et configurations de la société administrative durant les guerres de religion (vers 1570 - vers 1610. Royaume de France)". Thesis, Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCP0002/document.
Testo completoThis study explores how the French Royal State establishes at the heart of its apparatus of power structures specialized in the manipulation, projection, and reception of political writing. These structures are intended to end the troubles of the Wars of Religion, to win political positions against corps and communities, and to strategically, politically, and theoretically arm both battles as well as military and ceremonial contacts across Europe. The actors in these new structures are secretaries of State and secretaries. From this exceptionally intense political crisis, they help bring about a new governmentality that prepares and announces the coming of the administrative monarchy and the pre-bureaucracies of the second part of the 17th Century. As the heart of the state and the conduit of royal desire, secretaries mobilize their professional skills in the service of the sovereign. Their functional position in the state grows into the cutting edge of a political society undergoing intense restructuring. They thus form an administrative society with codes, uses, and practices closely related to their Spanish and English European counterparts, following the increasing internationalism of the Wars of Religion. The heuristic concept of the European “Republic of bureaus” once more asks questions regarding the transnational circulation of administrative knowledge and the transfers of government models. The increased attention to the materiality of the work of government bureaus on the European scale gives this study the dimension of a cultural history of the State, centered on the games of actors and scales, the resolution of conflicts, and the collaboration and connections at the heart of networks of information
Ferrer-Bartomeu, Jérémie. "L’État à la lettre. Institutions de l’écrit et configurations de la société administrative durant les guerres de religion (vers 1570 - vers 1610. Royaume de France)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Ecole nationale des chartes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCP0002.
Testo completoThis study explores how the French Royal State establishes at the heart of its apparatus of power structures specialized in the manipulation, projection, and reception of political writing. These structures are intended to end the troubles of the Wars of Religion, to win political positions against corps and communities, and to strategically, politically, and theoretically arm both battles as well as military and ceremonial contacts across Europe. The actors in these new structures are secretaries of State and secretaries. From this exceptionally intense political crisis, they help bring about a new governmentality that prepares and announces the coming of the administrative monarchy and the pre-bureaucracies of the second part of the 17th Century. As the heart of the state and the conduit of royal desire, secretaries mobilize their professional skills in the service of the sovereign. Their functional position in the state grows into the cutting edge of a political society undergoing intense restructuring. They thus form an administrative society with codes, uses, and practices closely related to their Spanish and English European counterparts, following the increasing internationalism of the Wars of Religion. The heuristic concept of the European “Republic of bureaus” once more asks questions regarding the transnational circulation of administrative knowledge and the transfers of government models. The increased attention to the materiality of the work of government bureaus on the European scale gives this study the dimension of a cultural history of the State, centered on the games of actors and scales, the resolution of conflicts, and the collaboration and connections at the heart of networks of information
Bosvieux-Onyekwelu, Charles. "D’une sociodicée à un savoir d’État : le service public, une tentative de mise en forme du monde social par le droit (1873-1940)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV114.
Testo completoAt the intersection of social history, the sociology of law and the sociology of elites, the thesis goes back to the origin of a key concept of the French Republican State: public service. Between 1870 and 1940, this idea, which preceded the new regime, is reshaped by different types of actors in a more democratic sense, as an aggiornamento of state-thought. The legal circles (senior officials of the Conseil d'État and law professors) took a prime position during this update. They notably made advantage of the rise in importance of administrative litigation to legitimate their position as opposed to civil law specialists and impose a vision "from above" of public service, understood as true science of administration. By retracing the sequence of events that made a myth from the Blanco case of 8 February 1873, the thesis aims to give an account of the construction of a profession, that of a lawyer specialising in public law or in administrative law, at the same time as the creation of a “public” field. Actors distant from the legal field (state engineers, philanthropists, social theorists of all kinds, civil service trade unionists) gravitate to this field, struggling either not to let the State's conception of generosity to the public be imposed on them, or to get the point of view of those dominated in this field (lower and middle bureaucrats, primary school teachers) across. The enquiry therefore highlights the unequal and differentiated distribution of interest for the "public", visible in the understanding of the democratic claims of the time (the right to strike and unionise in the civil service, municipalism, the Act of Parliament on income tax), that certain actors consistently tried to translate into categories of law regarded favourably as the only right approach to the social world. Finally, in an effort to think within the contemporaries of the time’s mindset (i.e. without reading history backwards and by taking virtual history into consideration), this socio-historical work enables the understanding of the transformation of the "self-concern" of the State in a democratic age, by describing the encounter between a traditional, sovereign and masculine right hand (epitomised by the members of the Conseil d'État) and the left hand of the protective and social State.In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the thesis is based on a prosopographical enquiry, the corpus of which is made from the different subgroups of exponents of the idea of public service between 1870 and 1940 (n = 77, the overwhelming majority are men). It alternates between an account and an analysis of the quantitative data drawn from the prosopographical enquiry, and combines archival ethnography (for the Conseil d'État), correspondance analysis and discourse analysis (administrative justice cases, jurisprudence and "theoretical" works on public service). It attempts a reasoned association between field theory and the sociology of professions. Also, as well as the career records of each individual in the prosopography, the archives that have been examined are those of the Conseil d'État, the Tribunal des conflits, law faculties (mainly Paris, Bordeaux and Toulouse), the “agrégation” examination in law and unions (federations of civil servants + CGT in its relation with the State)
Quinart, Emilien. "L'émancipation du pouvoir réglementaire (1914-1958)". Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2D008.
Testo completoAt the end of the 19th century, the Parliamentary Republic took root by exalting the principles of 1789 French Revolution and rejecting personal power. Following this ideal, the Executive’s power to make regulations is dreaded – only allowed when strictly subordinate to the law supremacy. In the 20th century, the situation has changed. Wars and crises caused an essential transformation of the activities of the State, which disturbed the exercise of legislative functions and republican ideals. This thesis aims to explain how, between 1914 and 1958, the Executive Branch recovered a power to make regulations, that exceeds the mere implementation of legislation. The data show that this emancipation process stemmed from both disruption of practices and constitutional violations, gradually establishing a new law – thanks to the influence of law professors and advisory departments of the Conseil d’Etat. This dynamic relied on the need for Executive regulation to protect the security and the continuity of the State. Progressively, that kind of regulation got an autonomous constitutional basis, and the Executive enjoyed an increased level of discretion to enact it. The result is that, already under the Third and Fourth French Republics, the implementation of legislation no longer defined the source and the scope of the power to make regulations. Finally, these findings allow to challenge the current understanding of the Constitution of the Fifth Republic : the articles 16, 21, 34, 37, 38, 41 and 92 should no longer be considered as “innovations”, but only as a formalisation and a systematisation what previous constitutional law introduced