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1
Vandegrift, Shia-Lu Chu. "Impact of government regulation on the dairy industry in the United States". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040601/.
Testo completo
2
Alves, Lucilio Rogério Aparecido. "Transmissão de preços entre produtos do setor sucroalcooleiro do estado de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-03042003-151837/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
No começo da década de 1990 deu-se início ao processo de desregulamentação dos preços dos produtos do setor sucroalcooleiro através da liberação de seus preços. Neste contexto, esses preços passaram a ser determinados de acordo com as regras de livre mercado. Desde então, o setor sucroalcooleiro tem passado por profundas transformações num período relativamente curto de tempo. Neste trabalho buscou-se analisar a transmissão de preços entre os mercados dos principais produtos do setor sucroalcooleiro do Estado de São Paulo. Determinou-se a intensidade e a duração em que as oscilações de preços são transmitidas de um nível de mercado para outro e de um produto para outro do mesmo nível de mercado. A análise compreendeu o período de maio de 1998 a junho de 2002. O modelo proposto foi implementado utilizando-se testes de raiz unitária de Dickey-Fuller Aumentado (ADF), de co-integração de Johansen e método de Auto-Regressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro (VEC). Os resultados apontam para as inter-relações contemporâneas entre os preços do açúcar cristal industrial no mercado interno e o recebido pela exportação e entre os preços do açúcar cristal empacotado ao produtor e ao varejo. O preço do álcool anidro, por sua vez, não explica contemporaneamente os preços dos açúcares cristal industrial e exportado. Nas decomposições das variâncias dos erros de previsão, observa-se a quase total independência do preço do açúcar cristal industrial, o relacionamento do álcool anidro com o preço do açúcar cristal industrial e com o preço do açúcar cristal empacotado ao produtor. O preço de exportação mostra-se relativamente independente em relação às variáveis de mercado interno. O preço do açúcar cristal empacotado ao produtor apresenta dependência do preço do açúcar cristal industrial e do preço do açúcar cristal empacotado ao varejo. Para o mercado varejista do açúcar cristal empacotado, a quase totalidade das variações de seus preços são explicadas pela própria variável e pelo preço do mercado produtor. Nas funções de impulso-resposta, os resultados mostram que choque no preço do açúcar cristal industrial causa impacto positivo sobre os preços do álcool anidro e do açúcar cristal empacotado ao produtor com um período de defasagem. Choque no preço do álcool anidro impacta positivamente os preços do açúcar cristal industrial e do cristal exportado apenas no quarto período após o choque. Choque no preço do açúcar cristal exportado, praticamente não causa impacto nos preços de mercado interno. O choque no preço do açúcar cristal empacotado ao produtor tem influência sobre os preços dos açúcares cristal industrial e cristal empacotado ao varejo com um período de defasagem e sobre o preço do açúcar cristal exportado no quarto período. Choque no preço do mercado varejista do açúcar cristal empacotado, ao contrário do que se esperava, causa impacto negativo sobre os preços dos açúcares cristal industrial e cristal empacotado ao produtor. Em termos gerais, os resultados apontam para inter-relações entre os preços dos produtos analisados, uma vez que choque em quaisquer das variáveis tem impacto na mesma direção sobre as demais, principalmente após um pequeno período de tempo de ajustamento. No entanto, essas relações não apresentaram-se tão expressivas quanto se esperava.In the early 1990's it was started the price deregulation process of products of sugar-ethanol sector through the exemption of its prices. In this context, these prices started to be determined according to regulations of a free market. Since then, the sugar-ethanol sector has undergone profound changes in a considerably short period of time. This study aims to analyze price transmission among markets of main products of the sugar-ethanol sector in São Paulo State. It was determined the intensity and the duration in which price fluctuations are transmitted from a level of market to another and from one product to another of the same level. The analysis was carried out during the period of May 1998 and June 2002. The proposed model was implemented by making use of tests for unit root of Augmented Dickey-Fulley (ADF), of co-integration of Johansen and the method of Vector Auto-Regression with Error Correction (VEC). Results point to contemporary inter-relations among industrial crystal sugar prices in the domestic market and the market derived from exportation and among the prices of packed crystal sugar to producer and to retailing. The anhydrous ethanol price does not explain contemporarily the prices of industrial crystal and exported sugar. In the decomposition of forecast errors variance, it is noted the almost entire independence of the industrial crystal sugar price, the relating of anhydrous ethanol price to the industrial crystal sugar price and to the packed crystal sugar price to producer. The prices for exportation remain relatively independent from the variances of the domestic market. The price of packed crystal sugar to producer reveals dependency to the price of industrial crystal sugar and to packed crystal sugar to retailing. To the retail market the packed crystal sugar, almost all of its price variations are explained by the variable itself and by the producer's operating market price. In the impulse-response functions, results show that shocks to the industrial crystal sugar price causes a positive impact to the prices of anhydrous ethanol and of packed crystal sugar to producer with a time gap. Shocks to the anhydrous ethanol price causes a positive impact to the prices of industrial crystal sugar and to the exported crystal sugar only in fourth period after the shock. Shocks to exported crystal sugar price, basically does not cause any impact to the domestic market. The shock to the packed crystal sugar to producer has influence on the prices of industrial crystal and packed crystal sugar to retailing with a time gap and on the exported crystal sugar price in the fourth period. The shock to the packed crystal sugar price in the retail market causes a negative impact to the price of industrial crystal and packed sugar to producer. In general terms, results point to inter-relations among the prices of the products studied, once shocks to any of the variables lead to impacts in the direction to the others, specially after a short adjusting time. However, these relations did not reveal as expressive as expected.
3
Hwang, Yun Jae. "Three essays on economics and risk perception". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1141658396.
Testo completo
4
Davila, Luis A. "Government participation in pricing farm products". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9830.
Testo completo
5
Ngoulma, Tang Jeannot Patrick. "Signal et information imparfaite : quelle efficacité pour les indications géographiques ? : une application aux fromages AOP d’Auvergne". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD019/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les Indications Géographiques (IG), désignent un label particulier utilisé pour assurer la qualité, l’origine et protéger les produits de la contrefaçon. Elles lient la qualité et la réputation d’un produit à un térritoire et sont très présentes en Europe, notamment en France. A l’heure où les consommateurs demandent davantage de transparence et d’information sur l’origine des biens qu’ils consomment, la valorisation des produits locaux représente un enjeu important. Nous analysons dans cette thèse, le consentement à payer des consommateurs pour les produits sous indications géographiques à l’aide de la base de données Kantar WorldPanel, qui regroupe des données d’achats des ménages français. L’accent étant mis sur les fromages AOP d’Auvergne, nous travaillons sur la période 2008-2010 qui représente la période de réforme et de restructuration des acteurs des filières AOP fromagères auvergnates. Dans un premier temps nous réalisons une méta-analyse afin d’observer ce que les études nous disent sur le sujet. Sachant que le consentement à payer est une prime du prix, nous estimons la dispersion et les déterminants des prix des fromages AOP d’Auvergne dans un second temps. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous répondons à notre question de recherche principale en estimant les déterminants de choix et le consentement à payer (CAP) des consommateurs. De façon globale, nous trouvons que l’indication géographique joue un rôle important dans l’esprit des consommateurs durant les actes d’achats, mais pour qu’elle soit plus efficace, elle doit être accompagnée par des stratégies de promotion initiée par les distributeurs et producteurs. De même les attributs des produits et les conditions de distributions jouent un rôle plus important dans les décisions d’achats, par rapport aux caractéristiques propres aux consommateurs. Enfin, nous notons que les consommateurs ont des CAP très différents d’un fromage AOP d’Auvergne à l’autre, mais ces CAP convergent tous vers un prix unique, qui représente le prix espéré par les consommateurs pour ces produitsGeographical Indications (GIs) designate a particular label used to ensure quality, origin and protect products from counterfeiting. They bind the quality and the reputation of a product to a territory and are very present in Europe, especially in France. At a time when consumers are demanding more transparency and informations about the origin of the goods they consume, valuing local products represents an important issue. In this thesis, we analyze consumers' willingness to pay for products under geographical indications by using the Kantar WorldPanel database, which includes data of purchases of French households. With a focus on Auvergne PDO cheeses, we work on the period 2008-2010, which represents the period of reform and restructuring of actors in the Auvergne PDO cheeses sector. In a first step, we carry out a meta-analysis in order to observe what the studies tell us about the subject. Knowing that the willingness to pay is a price premium, we estimate the dispersion and the price determinants of Auvergne PDO cheeses in a second step. Finally, in a third step, we answer to our main research question by estimating determinants of choices and the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP). Globally, we find that the geographical indication plays an important role in the minds of consumers during purchasing activities, but in order to be more effective, it must be accompanied by promotion strategies initiated by distributors and producers. Similarly attributes of product and conditions of distribution play a more important role in the decisions of purchases, with regard to, the characteristics of consumers. Finally, we note that consumers have WTPs very different from a PDO cheese from Auvergne to another, but all these WTPs converge towards a single price, which represents the expected price of consumers for these products
6
Riley, John Michael. "Producer perception of fed cattle price risk". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/968.
Testo completo
7
Viljoen, Christo. "Price discovery, price behaviour, and efficiency of selected grain commodities traded on the agricultural products division of the JSE securities exchange". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002686.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Agricultural commodity derivatives were first introduced in South Africa in 1996 after the deregulation of the former marketing system. In the context of its proposed functions, namely price discovery and risk management, the question arose as to whether the futures market developed over time to performed its role efficiently. According to the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) an efficient market is one that accurately incorporates all information available at any point in time. The purpose of the research was to address the issue of price discovery efficiency, firstly, focusing on the weak-form methodology. Secondly, considering the behaviour of futures prices over time, the study addressed the concern of anomalies in daily returns – phenomena contradictory to the EMH by implication. Thirdly, as a means of defining the sources of inefficiency, the role of scheduled public information and its impact on futures prices was examined. Therefore, the primary objective of the research was to investigate and identify the main components of agricultural futures market inefficiency within the unique price formation structure of South African grain markets. The assessment of this problem is important in terms of evaluating the growth and development of the futures market for different grain commodities to date. The Exchange needs to review rules and regulations on a frequent basis in order to ensure proper functioning at all times especially in the case of a relatively new and fast growing market. The study contributed to the knowledge of understanding the price adjustment process and its implications for market efficiency in the context of the three grain markets considered. The weak-form efficiency was tested using a co-integration based model. Analysing daily spot and futures prices of white maize, yellow maize, and wheat, results indicated that all three markets were efficient and unbiased. Non-parametric tests revealed the significant presence of day-of-the-week and turn-of-the-month effects in the futures returns of the three commodities. Further non-parametric analyses suggested a high degree of uncertainty in futures returns around scheduled agricultural and macroeconomic information release dates also contributing significantly to the identified anomalies. It was concluded that (1) the markets’ ability to anticipate the contents of future information to be released, (2) the current skewed size distribution of broking members, (3) the significant role of the R/$ exchange rate in the price formation process of South African grains and, therefore, (4) the relationship to and influence of the broader economy enhanced the return effects (anomalies) creating opportunity for profitable arbitrage. This conclusion was mainly attributed to South Africa’s status as a price-taker in the world grain complex as well as the relatively short existence of the local agricultural futures markets.
8
Lorre, Geoffrey. "Variation du prix et comportement productif des riziculteurs". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED035/document.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis la flambée des prix alimentaires en 2007-2008, l'agriculture est de nouveau sur le devant de la scène internationale. Les conséquences politiques et humaines des soubresauts des marchés internationaux ont été importantes dans beaucoup de pays et certains ont vu leur gouvernement renversé. Dans ce contexte, nous nous intéressons au riz, la céréale qui garantit un apport calorique minimal à plus de 50% de la population, et au riziculteur, le premier maillon de la chaîne de production. Dans un premier temps nous revenons sur l'histoire de la culture, sur les évolutions récentes du marché et sur la crise rizicole de 2007-2008. Dans un deuxième temps nous nous intéressons plus précisément à la transmission du prix international vers le prix au producteur, puis nous tentons d'appréhender, d'un point de vue macroéconomique et microéconomique, le comportement productif des riziculteurs à la variation du prix qu'ils obtiennentSince the rise in food prices in 2007-2008, agriculture is again at the front of the international scene. Political and human consequences of the turmoil in international markets have been significant in many countries and some had their government overthrown. In this context, we focus on rice, a cereal that guarantees the minimum caloric intake for more than 50% of the population, and on the rice farmer, the first link in the production chain. First we review the history of rice culture, the recent market developments and the rice crisis of 2007-2008. Secondly we are interested specifically in the transmission of international prices to producer prices, then we try to understand, from a macroeconomic and microeconomic point of view, the productive behavior of rice farmers in the variation of the price they get
9
McCorkle, Dean Alexander. "Measuring the impact of an intensive commodity price risk management education program on agricultural producers". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purposes of the study were to measure change in knowledge, adoption of
practices, and economic impact, and to investigate relationships between selected
personal and business parameters, and satisfaction, knowledge, adoption of practices,
and economic impact of the Master Marketer program and marketing clubs.
A census was attempted to collect data from the 520 Master Marketer graduates
and 1,058 marketing club members. Using recommendations from Dillman (2000), data
from participants were collected using two mail questionnaires. This process yielded
326 usable responses from Master Marketer graduates for a return rate of 62.7%, and 407
usable responses from marketing club members for a response rate of 38.4%.
Master Marketer respondents had a statistically significant increase in selfperceived
knowledge with a change in mean score of 2.06 (pre-knowledge mean = 3.33,
post-knowledge mean = 5.40, where 1 = low, and 7 = excellent). Using a paired samples
t-test, the 2-tail level of significance was beyond the .05 level of significance. Marketing
club respondents also showed a statistically significant increase in self-perceived
knowledge.
Adoption of price risk management practices was measured with an adjusted
response scale ranging from 0 to 12. Master Marketer respondents showed a pre-mean
score of 3.15, a post-mean score of 6.61, and a change of 3.46. The 2-tailed level of
significance for the overall adoption scale was less than 0.01. Marketing club
respondents also showed a statistically significant increase in adoption of these practices.
Economic impact in terms of change in net income was derived using
respondents?? self-reported changes in commodity price received for each commodity
produced, and each respondent??s typical level of production. The total farm impact had a
mean of $32,288. The 2-tailed level of significance for the total farm impact was less
than 0.01. The mean impact per farm of $12,361 for marketing club respondents was
also statistically significant.
For Master Marketer respondents, notable findings with respect to the correlation
of independent variable with dependent variables was total gross revenue was negatively
correlated with knowledge change. Participants who reported a large change in
knowledge tended to also report a large change (increase) in time spent on marketing.
10
Hill, Shelby. "Exploring producer perceptions for cattle price and animal performance in the stocker industry". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19780.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Master of ScienceDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Glynn Tonsor
Stocker cattle economic research is very limited in scope. A focus of this research is to deepen our understanding of how cattle price and animal performance variability is viewed and approached by stocker cattle producers in the United States. Another part of this research focuses on what characteristics may be drivers of whether producers choose to practice different risk management strategies. To analyze how cattle price and animal performance variability is viewed and approached by stocker cattle producers, a stated preference valuation method was used to find willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates. Two different approaches were used to provide outcome probability information where one approach had probabilities for expected ADG change across scenarios and ADG ranges were held constant (Treatment Group A) and the second approach had ADG ranges change across scenarios and the probabilities were held constant (Treatment B). The results of our study suggest that survey respondents process scenarios differently when presented in formats Treatment Group A versus Treatment Group B. The underlying reason for this is beyond identification in this study as respondent certainty and comfort as assessed in follow-up questions was similar across the treatments. Results indicate that producers value buying cattle versus opting out of purchasing cattle and they value higher performing cattle; however, each additional pound is not valued the same. To determine the characteristics of producers and their operations that use different risk management practices, we estimated multiple probit models with the dependent variables being use of the different risk management practices. Results from the probit models suggest how producers source cattle for their operation, whether it is the region or the different markets they source from, are key determinants on whether producers practice different management strategies for market and price risk. The results suggest the model were not a good fit. Of the 30 explanatory variables included in the model, on average five explanatory variables were significant throughout the seven different dependent variables. This could be attributed to factors our study does not explicitly observe; therefore it remains a knowledge gap for the industry.
11
Guimarães, Vania di Addario. "Análise do armazenamento de milho no Brasil com um modelo dinâmico de expectativas racionais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-12042004-155246/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o mercado de milho no Brasil, sob a nova política de preços agrícolas, especificamente através do mecanismo de Prêmio para Escoamento de Produto (PEP) adotada na segunda metade da década de 90. Foram desenvolvidos modelos para representar o mercado brasileiro já que a literatura voltada para estes estudos não continha nenhum modelo adequado à situação brasileira. Os modelos destacam o papel dos estoques entre anos safra sobre o equilíbrio do mercado considerando ainda a possibilidade de importar e exportar. Foram estimadas funções de demanda para consumo e oferta de área plantada para milho no Brasil, obtidos os valores médios históricos, para o período de 1986 a 2000, do custo de armazenamento físico por tonelada, do preço médio do milho no mercado internacional representado pela Bolsa de Chicago, do custo médio de importação/exportação do produto tendo como referência uma distância média de 300 Km até o porto. A taxa de juros utilizada foi de 12% ao ano. Estas funções e parâmetros serviram de base para a estimação dos modelos dinâmicos de expectativas racionais, através de programação dinâmica estocástica e aproximações das funções de preço esperado e área plantada através de polinômios. Foram também desenvolvidos os algoritmos para a estimação dos modelos e todos os cálculos realizados em planilha eletrônica. Foram construídos quatro modelos para o mercado de milho partindo de uma situação de mercado fechado ao comércio exterior sem intervenção do governo; mercado fechado com intervenção através de PEP; mercado aberto ao comércio exterior sem intervenção do governo e mercado aberto com intervenção. Este último modelo representa o mercado de milho no Brasil no final da década de 90. Foram obtidas as políticas ótimas de armazenamento para os quatro modelos e então, realizadas 2500 simulações para uma seqüência de 10 anos para cada modelo. Duas variáveis exógenas aleatórias do modelo são os choques de oferta (produtividade aleatória) e de demanda. O preço de equilíbrio, o volume consumido, o estoque de um ano para o outro e os volumes exportados ou importados são variáveis endógenas, ou seja, resultados da estimação do modelo. A partir dos valores simulados foram calculadas as médias de longo prazo para as variáveis endógenas em cada modelo que foram, então, comparadas entre si. Os resultados mostram que a abertura do mercado transfere para o comércio exterior o papel de amortecedor de choques de oferta e demanda internos que, no caso de mercados fechados, é desempenhado pelos estoques de produtos entre anos safra. Os resultados sugerem que, dependendo dos valores relativos entre o preço mínimo e o preço de paridade de exportação, a política de subsídio pode levar o país à condição de exportador.Dynamic rational expectation storage models were developed to represent the Brazilian corn market in the late 90s. In theses years the Brazilian agricultural price policy changed from a buffer stock scheme to a producer price subsidy (Prêmio para Escoamento de Produto PEP) and the Brazilian market was open to international trade. Any model in the existing literature was not able to represent the Brazilian corn market conditions. Acreage supply and consumption demand functions for corn the were estimated, as well as average values from 1986 to 2000 of annual storage cost, export and import prices, based on Chicago Board of Trade quotes. The annual interest rate was 12%. These functions and parameters were used to estimate the dynamic rational expectation models, through stochastic dynamic programming. The expected price and planted area functions were approximated by a fourth degree polynomial. The necessary algorithms were developed and results obtained using worksheets. Four models were estimated beginning with the situation of closed economy with no government intervention; closed economy with intervention through a producer price subsidy; open economy with no government intervention and open economy with intervention through a producer price subsidy. The optimal storage policies or storage rules for each model were obtained and used to generate 2.500 simulations of a 10 years path for each model. In these models, equilibrium price, consumption, storage and imports/exports are endogenous variables. Stochastic yields and demand shocks are exogenous variables. The long run means of the endogenous variables were calculated from the simulations and compared among models. The results show that with open markets, exports and imports play the role of shocks absorbers, played by storage in closed economies. Results suggest that the producer price subsidy policy may lead the country to be an exporter, depending on the relative values between minimum price and export price at the cost of ever increasing government expenditures.
12
Gouel, Christophe. "Agricultural price instability and optimal stabilisation policies=Instabilité des prix agricoles et politiques optimales de stabilisation". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00584922.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette thèse propose une analyse des politiques de stabilisation des prix alimentaires dans les pays pauvres. Afin de représenter la situation dans ces pays, nous considérons dans un modèle de stockage à anticipations rationnelles que les consommateurs ne peuvent pas s'assurer contre le risque prix et qu'ils sont averses au risque. L'incomplétude de marché justifie l'intervention publique et des politiques optimales de stabilisation sont analysées. Une politique optimale de stockage publique implique une augmentation du niveau de stockage. Ce stockage additionnel entraîne l'évincement de tous les stockeurs privés en supprimant les opportunités de profit spéculatif. L'usage de règles complexes d'intervention publique étant peu probable dans des pays pauvres, nous comparons des politiques optimales de stockage alimentaire à des règles simples comme une subvention au stockage privé ou une bande de prix défendue par du stockage public. L'engagement du gouvernement entraîne des gains de bien-être par rapport à une politique discrétionnaire liés à la possibilité de manipuler les anticipations des producteurs et donc de les induire à stabiliser les prix. Les règles simples de stabilisation permettent d'obtenir des gains proches de ceux obtenus avec des politiques optimales. Dans un cadre d'économie ouverte, les instruments de stabilisation sont la politique commerciale et le stockage. Une politique de stockage non accompagnée d'une politique commerciale ne profite pas aux consommateurs, car les bénéfices de la stabilisation se dissipent sur le marché mondial. Au contraire, une politique commerciale optimale permet d'augmenter la stabilisation en exploitant le marché mondial.
13
Caldarelli, Carlos Eduardo. "Fatores de influência no preço do milho no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-19042010-110404/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A cadeia produtiva do milho é uma das mais importantes do agronegócio brasileiro. Considerando apenas a produção primária, responde por 37% da produção nacional de grãos. A demanda crescente, tanto interna como externa, reforça o grande potencial do setor. Junto com a soja, o milho é insumo básico para a avicultura e a suinocultura, dois mercados extremamente competitivos internacionalmente e geradores de receita para o Brasil. Ao mesmo tempo, constituem-se entraves da cadeia produtiva do milho a falta de clareza na formação dos preços, a dificuldade de acesso a financiamentos privados, os problemas na comercialização e a baixa produtividade. Levando em conta as oportunidades e os desafios do mercado brasileiro de milho, esta tese tem como objetivo diagnosticar e analisar os fatores que determinam a oferta e a demanda neste setor, destacando a importância da soja nesse contexto. O modelo teórico proposto, de ajuste pelo preço, descreve de maneira estilizada, o funcionamento do mercado de milho brasileiro. Uma identificação do tipo Sims-Bernanke fundamentou a definição de um modelo de Autorregressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro VEC. O estudo permite afirmar que existe uma forte interação entre os mercados de milho e de soja com uma relação de complementaridade na oferta e substituibilidade na demanda e que fatores macroeconômicos, como renda e juros, são determinantes na formação dos preços do milho ao produtor e no atacado. A cadeia produtiva da soja apresenta alto desenvolvimento tecnológico, competitividade internacional, além de ser amplamente explorada na literatura especializada. Também influenciam nas cotações domésticas do milho os preços externos do grão. Esses resultados são de extrema relevância para a implantação de políticas setoriais relacionadas a segurança alimentar e energia, tal como exposto nas conclusões do trabalho.Corn is one of the most important Brazilian crops. Its harvest represents 37% of the total grain production in the country. And the potential of this sector gains even more strength with the increasing demand, both in domestic and international markets. Along with soybean, corn is the basic input for poultry and hog, two highly competitive international markets. But the corn production chain faces some important barriers, such as unclearly pricing in the market, trading problems, difficulty of access to private funding, and also low production yields. Taking into account the opportunities and challenges in the Brazilian corn market, this thesis aims to diagnose and analyze the factors that determine supply and demand in this sector, highlighting the importance of soybean in this context. The theoretical model price adjustment describes the Brazilian corn dynamic. An identification of the Sims-Bernanke justified the definition of a Vector Autoregression with Error Correction model VEC. This study shows that there is a strong interaction between corn and soybean markets - a relation of complementarity in supply and substitutability in demand - and that macroeconomic factors, such as income and interest, are crucial in the corn pricing, for growers and in the wholesale market. The productive soybean chain presents high technological development, international competitiveness, besides being widely explored in literature. International corn prices also influence the domestic values. These results are very important for policies related to food security and energy, as outlined in the conclusions of this paper.
14
Wray, Vicki Lorraine. "Cattle price risk management strategies-using computer simulation to educate Iowa producers of available tools". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/759.
Testo completo
15
Chandrasena, Rajapakshage Inoka Ilmi. "The cost of agriculturally based greenhouse gas offsets in the Texas High Plains". Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The broad objective of this thesis involves investigation of the role agriculture might play in a society wide greenhouse gas emissions reduction effort. Specifically, the breakeven price for carbon emission offsets is calculated for agriculturally based emission reducing practices. The practices investigated in the Texas High Plains involve reduced tillage use, reduced fallow use, reduced crop fertilization, cropland conversion to grassland, feedlot enteric fermentation management and digester based dairy manure handling. Costs of emission reductions were calculated at the producer level.
The calculated offset prices are classified into four cost categories. They are: negative cost, low cost (less than $20 per ton of carbon saved), moderate cost ($20 through $100 per ton of carbon saved), and high cost (over $100 for tons of carbon saved).
Negative cost implies that farmers could make money and reduce emissions by moving to alternative practices even without any carbon payments. Alternatives in the positive cost categories need compensation to induce farmers to switch to practices that sequester more carbon.
All fallow dryland crop practices, dryland and irrigated cotton zero tillage, dryland and irrigated wheat zero tillage, irrigated corn zero tillage, cotton irrigated nitrogen use reduction under minimum tillage and dryland pasture for all systems, and anaerobic lagoon complete mix and plug flow systems fall in the negative cost category.
Dryland and irrigated wheat under minimum tillage are found to be in the low cost category. Cotton dryland under minimum tillage and cotton irrigated with nitrogen use reduction under zero tillage fell into the moderate cost class. Both corn and cotton irrigated minimum tillage are found to be in the high cost category.
This study only considers the producer foregone net income less fixed costs as the only cost incurred in switching to an alternative sequestering practice. More costs such as learning and risk should probably be included. This limitation along with other constraints such as use of short run budget data, lack of availability and reliability of local budgets, overlooking any market effects, and lack of treatment of costs incurred in selling carbon offsets to buyers are limitations and portend future work.
16
Musango, Josephine Kaviti. "Determinants of producers' choice of wine grape cultivars in the South African wine industry /". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2474.
Testo completo
17
Assouto, Achille Barnabé. "Dynamique des prix agricoles et comportements des producteurs au Bénin". Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE3147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Les prix des produits agricoles connaissent une volatilité importante. La volatilité des prix est toujours d’actualité avec les crises alimentaires dont les dernières en date sont celles de 2007-2008 puis 2010-2011. Les trajectoires peuvent être complètement différentes selon que l’on s’intéresse au marché international ou aux marchés nationaux. La volatilité des prix se traduit par le risque de prix qui affecte la prise de décision des agriculteurs. Cette thèse se propose de déterminer comment les producteurs réagissent au risque de prix des produits agricoles. Spécifiquement, elle (i) fait le point de la littérature disponible se rapportant à la prise de décision dans un environnement déterministe ou incertain, (ii) analyse le fonctionnement du secteur agricole béninois en identifiant les contraintes qui pèsent sur le secteur et qui constituent des facteurs favorables à l’instabilité des prix sur les principaux marchés du pays (iii) teste l’existence de la volatilité des prix sur les marchés vivriers au Bénin et évalue l’ampleur dans laquelle les prix agricoles ont été volatils depuis 1995 et, (iv) analyse les réponses des agriculteurs à la volatilité des prix. Les résultats des travaux montrent qu’il existe une importante volatilité des prix sur les principaux marchés du pays. Cependant, il est établi que les évolutions de la volatilité des prix entre les périodes 1995-2005 et 2006-2015 varient suivant les marchés et les produits considérés. Les résultats montrent également que les agriculteurs béninois réagissent au risque de prix en augmentant aussi bien la production que la superficie emblavée du maïs. Les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent d’une part l’utilisation d’instruments transitoires de régulation des prix des produits vivriers et d’autre part, la mise en place d’une politique de régulation contracyclique des stocksPrices of agricultural products are experiencing significant volatility. Price volatility is still relevant today with food crises, the latest of which are those of 2007-2008 and 2010-2011. Trajectories may completely vary depending on whether we are targeting international market or national domestic markets. This price volatility represents price risk that affects farmers’ decision-making. This thesis is devoted to determine how producers react to the price risk of agricultural products. Specifically, it (i) reviews the available literature pertaining to decision-making in a deterministic or uncertain environment, (ii) analyzes the functioning of the Beninese agricultural sector by identifying the constraints on the sector and which constitute factors conducive to price volatility in the country’s main markets (iii) tests the existence of price volatility on food markets in Benin and assesses the extent to which agricultural prices have been volatile since 1995 and, ( iv) analyze farmers’ responses to price volatility. Results show that there is significant price volatility in the country’s main markets. However, it is established that changes in price volatility between the periods 1995-2005 and 2006-2015 vary according to the markets and products considered. The results also show that farmers in Benin react to price risk by increasing both production and corn acreage. The results of this thesis suggest, on the one hand, the use of transitional instruments for regulating the prices of food products and, on the other hand, the setting up of a counter-cyclical inventory control policy
18
Bernardi, Alex. "Gestão e monitoramento da qualidade das matérias-primas da indústria de rações avícolas". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Na cadeia de produção de produtos de origem animal, a fábrica de rações tem importância fundamental no aspecto econômico e de sustentabilidade. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é melhorar a qualidade e eficiência da produção de rações avícolas, por meio da redução da variabilidade nutricional de ingredientes. O estudo apresenta e discute conceitos de gestão da qualidade com foco nos principais insumos utilizados na indústria. Por meio das análises bibliométrica e de conteúdo de um portfólio selecionado na literatura internacional, foi possível identificar lacunas relativas ao tema abordado. Foi avaliada a variação nutricional dos ingredientes aliada ao estabelecimento de critérios de classificação de fornecedores de farelo de soja. Também foi proposto um método analítico mais eficaz para análise nutricional do farelo de soja, utilizando a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo, complementando com a análise da viabilidade econômica na implantação de um processo de segregação de milho na indústria de nutrição animal como forma de aumentar a eficiência produtiva. Foram realizados estudos empíricos envolvendo matérias-primas de uma fábrica de rações de frango de corte, situada na região extremo oeste de Santa Catarina, região Sul do Brasil. O estudo permitiu identificar e discutir fatores que influenciam positivamente e negativamente na variação dos resultados nutricionais das rações. Conclui-se que a análise da variação nutricional dos ingredientes, a utilização de processo de classificação de fornecedores, a proposição de metodologia alternativa de análise rápida de ingredientes utilizando a espectroscopia de infravermelho próximo e a segregação de matérias-primas, se apresentam como métodos eficazes para o aumento da eficiência produtiva em fábricas de rações.In the chain of production of animal products, the feed mill is of fundamental importance in the economic and sustainability aspects. The main objective of this research is to improve the quality and efficiency of the production of poultry rations by reducing the nutritional variability of the ingredients. The study presents and discusses concepts of quality management focusing on the main inputs used in the industry. Through the bibliometric and content analysis of a selected portfolio in the international literature, it was possible to identify gaps related to the topic addressed. The nutritional variation of the ingredients allied to the establishment of classification criteria for suppliers of soybean meal was evaluated. A more efficient analytical method for nutritional analysis of soybean meal was also proposed, using near infrared spectroscopy, complementing with the analysis of the economical viability in the implantation of a maize segregation process in the animal nutrition industry as a way of increasing efficiency productive. Empirical studies were carried out involving raw materials from a feed mill of poultry located in the extreme western region of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The study allowed to identify and discuss factors that influence positively and negatively the variation of the nutritional results of the rations. It is concluded that the analysis of the nutritional variation of the ingredients, the use of a supplier classification process, the proposition of an alternative fast ingredient analysis methodology using near infrared spectroscopy and the segregation of raw materials, are presented as effective methods to increase productive efficiency in feed mill.
19
Jindrová, Marta. "Návrh marketingových prostředků pro podporu trhu s biopotravinami". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223376.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na trh s bio potravinami v České Republice. Analizuje trh a použité marketingové nástroje. Práce obsahuje doporučení pro zlepšení působnosti marketingových prostředků pro podporu růstu trhu s bio potravinami v České Republice.
20
Jindrová, Marta. "Marketingové předpoklady rozvoje bio produkce v České republice". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222745.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This master´s thesis is engaged in presumptions of organic production development in Czech Republic. It is engaged in consumer behaviour of the organic market customers, the organic market situation and also the organic farmers situation in Czech republic. The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship of the czech customers to organic food and try to find methods to improve the organic farmers situation.
21
Brunelin, Stéphanie. "Essays on food security in sub-Saharan Africa : The role of food prices and climate shocks". Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011786.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La crise alimentaire de 2008 a suscité un regain d'intérêt pour les questions agricoles et de sécurité alimentaire dans les pays en développement. Partant du constat que près de 27% de la population d'Afrique Sub-saharienne souffre de malnutrition, cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des causes complexes de l'insécurité alimentaire. Le premier chapitre étudie les mécanismes de transmission des variations du prix mondial du riz aux prix domestiques dans trois pays ouest-africain: le Sénégal, le Tchad et le Mali. Les résultats indiquent que le prix du riz importé à Dakar et le prix du riz local à Bamako répondent de façon asymétrique aux variations du prix mondial. Le chapitre 2 teste la présence d'obstacles aux échanges agricoles entre pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre. Il ressort de l'analyse que le passage des frontières est coûteux. Toutefois, le coût associé au passage de la frontière est plus faible entre pays membre d'une même union économique et monétaire. Le chapitre 3 a pour objectif le renforcement des systèmes d'alertes précoces des crises alimentaires existants au Sahel. Il montre qu'il est possible d'anticiper les crises de prix avec six mois d'avance en analysant les mouvements passés des prix des céréales. Enfin, le chapitre 4 s'intéresse à la vulnérabilité des ménages face aux chocs pluviométriques. Il révèle que les ménages ruraux au Burkina Faso n'ont pas la capacité d'assurer ou d'absorber ces chocs climatiques.
22
Pikula, Michal. "Marketingová strategie společnosti ZDT spol. s r.o". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254437.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This Diploma Thesis deals with problems of marketing strategy proposal for the company ZDT spol. s.r.o. – Agriculture and transport machinery Ltd. A marketing strategy proposal based on theoretical knowledge, analysis of the company’s current condition and questionnaire survey is introduced. This proposal should lead to strengthening our position on domestic market, gaining new market outlet and as a result of this to higher sales and profits.
23
Achuo, George. "Partner satisfaction and renewal likelihood in consumer supported agriculture (CSA) : a case study of The Equiterre CSA network". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19555.
Testo completo
24
Ting, Chieh-Yu, e 丁介郁. "Environment and Climate Change for the Wholesale Prices of Agricultural Products - An Example of Taipei Agriculture Products Marketing Corporation". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39148972710418104820.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
100
Vegetables play a very important role in the daily diet consumptions for the Taiwanese people. However, due to climatic factors, vegetable prices often fluctuate. In order to maintain reasonable profits for farmers and purchasing power of consumers, how to adjust supply and demand of vegetables and to maintain stability of wholesale prices is a subject worthwhile to study. Due to the fact that the changes in vegetable prices can be a direct reflection of the vegetable supply and demand and consumption as well, this thesis focuses on the prices of vegetables in Taiwan. I use the transaction prices from the Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Co., Ltd. to explore the relationships between the wholesale prices of vegetables and fruits and climatic factors. The empirical data are from 2002 to 2009 and include seven vegetable categories, (1) leaf vegetables, (2) flower and fruit vegetables, (3) root vegetables, (4) mushrooms, (5) preserved vegetables, (6) imported vegetables, and (7) overall and other vegetables. The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is used to forecast how climatic factors affect the consumption prices of vegetables in Taiwan.
25
Yi-Chieh, Lien, e 連翊傑. "Long memory test in futures prices of agricultural products and precious metals". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72364178148060269331.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士亞洲大學
財務金融學系碩士班
99
The present study investigates the nature of the existence of long memory in agricultural products’ (soybeans, wheat, corn, and cotton) and precious metals’(platinum, silver, and copper) futures price at the daily return and volatility. The data are obtained from the Taiwan Economics Journal database. The agricultural sample collected consists of soybeans, wheat, corn, and cotton, whereas the precious metals sample consists of platinum, silver, and copper. The source for these data is CBOT and NYMEX. We test for the long memory in the daily returns and daily volatility using the modified rescaled range statistic R/S proposed by Lo (1991) and the rescaled variance V/S statistic developed by Giraitis et al. (2003). Empirical results show that agricultural products’ and precious metals’ futures daily return rate does not characterize the nature of a long memory, but volatility has a significant long memory. The findings of the current work provide a basis for agricultural products and precious metals in serving as the hedge futures.
26
HO, LIANG-TING, e 何亮霆. "The Forecasting Analysis of Banana Prices in Taipei City Agricultural Products Wholesale Market". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/thb9f7.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立雲林科技大學
財務金融系
106
The main purpose of this study was to test the predictive power of linear regression and time series models, find ways to predict the wholesale price of bananas. However, for the wholesale market price in Taipei, set the relevant variables of the model. The forecast of banana price using the data form 2006 to 2016, that includes plantain, scarlet banana and guava, in the wholesale market of the first and second markets in Taipei were used as model samples for model estimation and price forecast, The model accuracy is evaluated by means of root mean square error (RMSE), root mean square error percentage (RMSPE), mean absolute error percentage (MAPE), and Theil inequality coefficient. The results show that the linear regression model can show that it can improve the prediction efficiency and improve the prediction accuracy compared with the time series model. Therefore, linear regression models are used to predict banana prices or related studies.
27
Ko, Cheng-Yu, e 柯承佑. "The Impacts of Continuous Closed Market on the Wholesale Prices of Agricultural Products". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ax7aye.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
106
The price of agricultural products and the degree of price fluctuations not only affect the consumption of people''s wellbeing, but also increase the uncertainty of agricultural production and impact on the farmers'' income. Therefore, ensuring stable and reasonable prices of agricultural products is one of the most important policies for many countries. The fluctuation of agricultural product prices is mainly affected by climatic conditions. The quality of agricultural products, the peak season of the growing season, etc., will also cause fluctuations in the prices of vegetables. To stabilize the price of agricultural products and promote the formation of agricultural product prices to be more open and transparent, the government have jointly invested with farmers'' groups and vegetable traffickers to establish Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation. The company is responsible for the operation of Taipei''s first and second fruit and vegetable wholesale markets. However, the Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation, which should have taken up the price of agricultural products in Taipei, broke out in the early 2018. Due to the excessively tight continuous closed market schedule, the agricultural product price collapsed, and the quantities suddenly increased when the market opened. The chaos of continuous closed market has caused a lot of controversy. Most of the studies focuses on the impact of climatic factors or natural disasters such as typhoons and cold damage on the price of vegetables. There are few related studies in Taiwan about the impact of continuous closed market on the vegetable prices. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the price fluctuations of six vegetables (cabbage, pekinensis, radish, corn, yam, spinach) before and after the market closures in 2011. In order to explore whether the price of vegetables will fall after continuous market closures, this study mainly uses the synthetic control method to analyze the impact of the 2011 lunar New Year festival and the Ghost Festival on the average wholesale price of vegetables. The empirical results show that, whether it is after a longer or shorter market closure, the price of vegetables at the opening of the market is relatively easy to have a lower price than without a market closure. It is indeed possible for the price of vegetables to be caused by the continuous closed market. The impact, which is further affected by the five consecutive days of the lunar New Year festival, is more significant. Among the six vegetables discussed in this paper, the continuous closed market has the most obvious impact on the wholesale price of cabbage. Also the study finds that in the absence of closed market, the average price will be higher than when the market is closed. Because the growth, harvesting and storage period of leafy vegetables are shorter, the price is significantly affected by the long-term closures. In contrast, the average price of rhizome crops such as radish and yam is less susceptible to the effect of continuous closures, possibly due to its longer growth, harvesting and storage periods. Finally, based on the empirical results, this study suggests that in the future Taipei Agricultural Products Marketing Corporation should include the effect of continuous market closures on the price of vegetables, and reduce the number of consecutive holidays in the long-term period to reduce the fluctuation of agricultural prices.
28
Ramoshaba, Tshegofatso. "Price transmission and casuality analysis of cheese and pasteurised liquid milk in South Africa from 2000 to 2016". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2975.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. A. Agricultural Science (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Limpopo, 2019The relationship between farm and retail prices provides insights into marketing efficiency, consumer and farmer welfare. In light of this, much focus has been given to price transmission studies. Thus, price transmission studies have become increasingly important in Sub Saharan Africa because of its nature of providing clear insights information into our markets. Despite its importance in markets, there are a few studies analysing the mechanism through which prices are determined and transmitted from farm gate to retail markets in dairy markets in South Africa. The aim of the study was to investigate and analyse the nature of price transmission mechanism of pasteurised liquid milk and cheese in South Africa. The specific objectives were to determine the correlation between the milk production and quantity of milk processed in South Africa. Furthermore, there was a need to determine the direction of causality between the farm gate, processor and retail prices of cheese and pasteurised liquid milk in South Africa. It was also necessary to determine whether the price transmission of pasteurised liquid milk and cheese was symmetric or asymmetric in South Africa. The study used secondary time series data that covered a sample size of 17 years (2000 -2016) of pasteurised liquid milk and cheese in South Africa. Pearson correlation coefficient, Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model were used for data analysis. Pearson correlation results revealed that milk produced is perfectly correlated with the quantity of milk processed and it was positive. The Granger causality tests revealed that there was a no causal relationship between farm gate and processor, retail and processor and also between farm gate and retail for cheese. However, signs of independent causal relationship from farm gate to retail prices were visible. It also suggested a bidirectional causal relationship between processor and farm gate prices and also between retail and processor prices of pasteurised liquid milk. On the other hand, a unidirectional causality was found from retail to farm gate prices. The VECM results for pasteurised liquid milk showed asymmetric price transmission implying that retailers and processors react quicker to price increases than to price decrease. ii It is recommended that more focus be placed on investment in emerging dairy farmers in order to increase production. This can be done through the input price subsidies, grants and education on modern technologies. The government should also implement the price monitoring cell in order to protect the consumers from unfair prices passed on by the retailers.
Services SETA and National Agricultural Marketing Council (NAMC)
29
Wang, Ling-hui, e 王鈴慧. "Price Analysis of Agricultural Products Using Functional Data Clustering". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41313861919919389733.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
102
Understanding crop seasonal effect and price trend is an important decision making for customers, crop farmers, and retailers. This research applied functional data clustering method to analyze crop price trend and variation. 15-year Taiwan agriculture crop price data were collected. The time-series data was first converted to functional data and the smoothing method was applied to obtain the function to represent each price curve. Then, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the variation among the 15-year data. The hierarchical clustering method integrating PCA was proposed to study (1) absolute price trend, (2) price variation pattern, and (3) variation pattern among 15-year. The clustering result of the proposed method was compared with the model-based clustering method which is also used to cluster crops by their price functional data. The experimental result shows that the proposed clustering method is able to obtain the smaller sum of square error (SSE) which means our method can obtain the more impact clusters. Besides, the dimension-reduction is studied to use the relatively smaller dataset to maintain the same clustering result. The clustering result of agriculture crop price data can be provided to crop customers for enhancing purchasing decision making. The food retailers can also use the clustering result to monitor the price variation and detect the possible abnormal price trend for better operation decision.
30
Li, Cheng. "Essays on nursery labor, sales contracts, and price discovery". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38179.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Oregon's nursery and greenhouse industry has ranked the first in the State's agricultural for 18 years. The majority of nursery sales from the Pacific Northwest come from Oregon. Due to data limitations, empirical study of the Oregon nursery industry is rare. The present dissertation consists of three essays that analyze the demand and supply of inputs and outputs and the relationship between producers and retailers in the Oregon nursery industry.
Chapter 2 identifies the major factors affecting farm labor supply and demand and evaluates their relative importance in the Oregon nursery industry from 1991 to 2008. Empirical results show that border control effort doesn't have an influential role in labor supply, while the Oregon and Mexican minimum wage do. It is because of the substantial gap between the U.S. and Mexican economies, reflected for an example in the minimum wage gap, which attracts a continual flow of immigrants. Risk of border apprehension is not great enough to prevent the flow. Increases in Oregon minimum wage is more effective than border apprehension policies in boosting the average wage and in reducing the number of hours that illegal immigrants work in the nursery sector.
Chapter 3 investigates producers' and retailers' choices of, and reactions to, various contract types in the Oregon nursery industry from 2005 to 2010. As new and fast-growing retailers in the industry, big-box stores are less likely than independent retailers to make pre-order contracts with the producer. However, once a pre-order contract is chosen, big-box stores demand more days of pre-order interval than independent retailers do. Transactions with independent retailers exhibit – on average over the sample range – scale economies and scope diseconomies. Boosting per-transaction revenue scale and the number of species sold to big-box stores enhances transaction efficiency.
Chapter 4 examines the interaction between supply and demand in Oregon nursery products. The result indicates that the production and transaction costs are major drivers on the supply side, while transportation costs and consumer demand for nursery products play important roles on the demand side. At the genus level, the supply elasticities of coniferous plants are larger than those of deciduous plants, which in turn are higher than those of flowering plants. The demand elasticities are the lowest in coniferous trees followed by deciduous plants, then flowering plants. Price discounts on plants with high demand elasticities would significantly boost sales and enlarge the market, while those on plants with low demand elasticities would have less sales impact. Empirically, patenting seems to bring no direct signs of greater profitability. The wholesale nursery may wish to reconsider the pricing and marketing policies of its patented plants to differentiate them more effectively from its non-patented plants.Graduation date: 2013
31
Li, Chia-Chi, e 李嘉琪. "The Impact of Monetary Policy on Prices and Stocks of Agricultural Product". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54313959332471239218.
Testo completo
32
Lin, Dai-Wei, e 林大為. "Price Forecasting for Agricultural Products Based on Long Short Term Memory Model". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/na34du.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立暨南國際大學
資訊管理學系
106
This study aims to compare the predictive power of LSTM memory models with the traditional time series models. This study takes into account the impact of price and time on the model and aims to improve the prediction accuracy by changing the variables in the LSTM memory models. In the proposed study, the wholesale price of tomatoes was used as an example, and the price information of the Taichung market from 2003 to 2017 was considered. The results show that the LSTM models have an improved predictive ability. According to the predictive accuracy, the predictive ability of the model can be enhanced by referring to the highly correlated fruit and vegetable price. The model is capable of making relatively accurate predictions about one year in advance.
33
Zhao, Lu Zhong, e 趙履中. "Announcement effect and The Chang of The Price of Agricultural Product". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12661468027435969660.
Testo completo
34
Zhang, Chuan. "Agricultural product price increases and their impacts on Chinese peasants' income". 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40803669.html.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 45-47).
35
Chen, Yen-Jen, e 陳嬿任. "Stabilizing Agricultural Product Price and Regime Collapse: A Small Open Model". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97084693063683388235.
Testo completo
36
Hsieh, Chieh Chung, e 謝志忠. "A Study on Causality among Agricultural Product Price、 Consumers'' Food Price ane Money Supply quantity". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34996238776017455088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
農業經濟學系
85
Is there any affection from macroeconomic variables(ex:money supply, foreign exchange rate and interest rate...) to agricultural department variables(ex:agricultural price, agricultural product quantity, farmers'' income) ? How do they affect agricultural department ? These problems are interesting to economic and agricultural economic scholars in 1980s''. This article adopts money supply , agricultural wholesale prices index , and urban''s consumers'' retail price index time series data in order to survey this problem. We transform the time series data to natural logarithm time series andto test Granger'' causality so as to survey the causality relationship. We get the following results: 1.The logarithm time series data will be stationary after differenced once. It is an I(1) time series. 2.Money supply and urban''s consumers'' retail price are mutual causality relationship. They will feed back to each other. 3.Agricultural wholesale product price is unique direction to urban''s con- -sumers'' retail price. On the contrary, it will not be true. 4.Money supply is also unique direction to Agricultural wholesale product price. On the contrary, it will not be true.
37
CHEN, CHIEN-TING, e 陳建廷. "Time Series Model Forecasts and Case Studies on Monthly Average Price of Agricultural Products". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7xue3m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立高雄科技大學
金融資訊系
107
In recent years, we have often seen in the news reports that the price of fruits and vegetables has risen and fallen sharply. It greatly impacts on farmers' production and consumer prices. If there is a more accurate forecast of agricultural product prices, it could guide farmers' production decisions and stabilize price fluctuations. Based on the open data provided by the COA agricultural product price query system, this study used different time series models to predict the prices of different agricultural products, and compares them with the actual agricultural product prices to find the optimal forecast for different crops model. This results could guide farmers to make planting items and time decisions. After case study and analysis, it is found that each agricultural product had its own uniqueness. Furthermore, the fruits and vegetables would have a mutual substitution effect, especially in the summer when the fruit of Taiwan is rich in production. If it is caught in the hot weather, early harvesting would result in products price falling, and once it encountered a typhoon, it was another price trend. Therefore, there are not many measures that agricultural administrative units can adopt in monitoring the prices of agricultural products. The fundamental solution lies in the fact that farmers improve the quality of agricultural products, create their own brands and make market segments to decrease the impact of market price fall.
38
Cheng, Chih-Chia, e 鄭智佳. "The Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Yield and Price Prediction of Agricultural Products". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59p3np.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士中華科技大學
經營管理研究所
107
Extreme climate in Taiwan such as uneven rainfall and severe typhoon may cause great damages in agricultural products. Psychological expectation from both farmers and consumers about the provision may result in abnormal variation of crop price. In this paper, data were collected from relevant websites by web crawler, and a cloud artificial intelligence computing platform based on Keras was developed. The long-term and short-term memory algorithm (LSTM) model and various optimization parameters of RNN are utilized in the analysis. The prediction model of cabbage price was developed based on temperature、rain falls、and light luminance etc and the accuracy is about 17%.
39
Al-Hussinie, Abdulaziz S. "The impact of agricultural price policies on the supply and demand for agricultural products : the case of barley and wheat in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26863.
Testo completo
40
Oberholzer, Dawid Herculaas. "Determinants of B2B brand image elements and the relationship to price premium in the agricultural sector of South Africa". Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44453.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Much research on brand equity in business markets has focused on predicting brand loyalty, regarding the brand image elements that make consumers buy a preferred brand. Inasmuch, price premium is a distinct and economically important outcome of a favourable brand image, and has been addressed in recent research. Furthermore, this research is primarily concerned about the determinants of B2B brand image elements and the relationship to price premium in the agricultural sector of South Africa. The agricultural sector in South African contributes 1.9% to gross domestic product and supplies more than 10% of the total employment in South Africa.
This research paper sought to determine whether there are specific elements that act as motivators for consumers in their decision-making process when they purchase costly brands in the agricultural sector. In an attempt to answer this question, this research paper confirmed the corporate brand image determinants of price premium that are conceptualised into six dimensions, namely: brand familiarity-, product solution-, service-, distribution-, relationship- and company associations.
Findings from this small-scale explorative and qualitative investigation, based on interviews with final decision makers (consumers) in the agricultural sector of South Africa were used to illustrate on how this model relates to consumers’ willingness to pay a price premium for physical capital. This research paper also proposed a model that brand owners can utilise to position their brand in the South African agricultural sector to ensure that they obtain traction in a strong brand dominated market.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
zkgibs2015
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
Unrestricted
41
Toichoa, Buaha Gabriel. "Testing for static resource and product equilibrium under output price risk : Western Canadian agriculture, 1961-84". 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/7348.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis provides econometric tests of the hypothesis of static competitive farm resource and output equilibrium in Western Canadian agriculture over the period 1961-84. These tests are conducted with and without risk aversion and price uncertainty. The theoretical models assumed for this sector included a cost function approach, an indirect utility framework, and a stochastic profit function model. Two different tests are conducted for the proposed hypotheses: (1) Wald chi-square tests of the symmetry restrictions implied by cost minimization and/or utility maximization and/or profit maximization and (2) Wald chi-square, Hauseman specification, and likelihood ratio tests of the first order conditions for static equilibrium for quasi-fixed inputs and outputs. The symmetry restrictions implied by cost minimization are not rejected given a short run Translog cost function for Western Canadian agriculture. Given these restrictions, static competitive equilibrium is not rejected for dairy, poultry, farm produced capital, and farm land. For farm machinery the outcome of this hypothesis depends on the econometric test conducted. For crop and livestock outputs, similar hypothesis tests are inconclusive due to the significant impact of output price risk and uncertainty on the results of these tests. Overall, static farm resource and product equilibrium is rejected for the whole agricultural sector of Western Canada over the period 1961-84.
42
Wilkes, Johanna. "Does Non-Emergency Food Aid have an Adverse Affect on Food Production and Producer Prices in sub-Saharan Africa?" Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10214/7435.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis investigates the affect of non-emergency food aid on producer prices and production quantities for cereal grains within the recipient country’s economy. The decision to evaluate developmental or non-emergency food aid (NEFA) stems from a lack of research on a macro scale of disaggregated food aid categories and their implications on developing country producers. The Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region is the world’s largest recipient of direct transfer non-emergency food aid leaving the region most susceptible to the ambiguous affects of these food aid allocations. The results for this research suggests that not only are there no detectable disincentive effects but that there is little explanatory power from non-emergency food aid based on the 12 sample countries within the region. Additionally, an estimation of NEFA’s relationship with imports suggests that rather then an addition to total supply, the international trade composition is flexible.
43
WANG, PIN-HSIANG, e 王品翔. "Application of Back Propagation neural network to agricultural products Price Forecast and Discussion on Its Production and MarketingModel： Taking Cabbage as an Example". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n3dtc2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
107
Vegetables are sure to be in contact with everyone's life. The daily demand for vegetables and fruits in Taiwan is as high as 23,000 tons. Since vegetables are mostly perishable and can not be stored for a long time, the balance between production volume and demand will cause great price fluctuations. Farmers may also choose not to harvest because of the cost relationship, not only the glutinous rice farmers but also the waste. food. In view of this, this study takes the bulk vegetables of cabbage as the research object, discusses the relationship between volume and price, and collects the public data of the COA, Meteorological Bureau, and CPC, and analyzes the input variables with the inverted neural network. The relationship between vegetable prices and the data analysis of the batch data to explore the results reflected by different data, in order to identify the most suitable ethnic group data as the main observation object. Combine the six standard deviation management DMAIC improvement procedures, set a market buffer plan, and develop a project to control vegetable prices. Not only must we control the sales of fruits and vegetables in the domestic market, but we should also expand overseas markets to improve the problem of excess domestic production. After eliminating many variables, it proves that the previous day's trading price, relative humidity, air pressure value, presence or absence of typhoon, rainfall before 60 days, and oil price are the main variables affecting the price of cabbage. Finally, the best inverted transmission neural network structure is obtained. 6-8-1, 9~12 months, the overall average absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the cabbage forecast is 9.66, which is the minimum average absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 5.61 in October, which proves that the module is predicting the price of cabbage. Highly accurate predictive power.
44
Hsiung, Ming-Chen, e 熊明真. "The Study of the Effects of Perceived Price, Local Image and Trust on Purchase Intention and Brand Awareness-A case study of Agricultural Products". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58359983707854600551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國防大學管理學院
運籌管理學系
100
With the global environment is rapidly change, the enterprises are facing competition not only domestic competitors, but a multiple market. When Taiwan accession to WTO, the agricultural development facing the free-market and competition, the agricultural products receive to severe competition and challenges from imported agricultural products. To consumers have connected, the regions of origin build a regional agriculture’s brand and through marketing mix to increase brand awareness. But the kind of regional brands is numerous that is important to how attract consumers to buy it. Therefore, this study is explore the effects of brand awareness, using perceives price and local image as moderators, on consumer’s purchase intentions, based on Social Exchange Theory to explore the effects of trust on purchase. This research has taken regional agriculture’s brand as subject, and collected data with responses. It got back 400 effective responses. The results of this study indicate that brand awareness, local image and trust are positively correlated with purchase intention. Especially, local image positive effects purchase intention than brand awareness and trust; Trust strongly moderator the relationship between brand awareness and purchase intention. Besides, purchase intention is not affected by brand awareness when local image and perceived price is used as moderator.
45
Wamg, Sheng-Chou, e 王勝洲. "Using Situational Involvement as A Mediator to Evaluate the Official Appraisal and Price Sensitivity - A Case Study of Farmer-Fisher Associations’ Top 100 Agricultural Products". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93174597747871384945.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
碩士國立中興大學
生物產業管理研究所
105
Recent years, Farmer-Fisher Associations’ top 100 agricultural products are local specially promoted by the Council of Agriculture and farmer associations. However, the food enterprises and private companies’ products become more diversified and competitiveness nowadays. How to make agricultural products stay attractive, competitive and retain consumers in the similar product categories is an important topic that should be further explored. And whether Council of Agriculture and farmer associations promote local special products to weakened consumer price sensitivity, it is necessary to be further explored. This study applied multiple hierarchical regression analysis approach to prove that official appraisal(third-party organization endorsement) has a negative correlation with price sensitivity from a total sample of 862 regular purchasers were investigated, and applied analysis of variance to compare different background of consumers in each dimensions. Overall results show that at least 30% of respondents are willing to pay 10 to 20% of extra budget to purchase top 100 agricultural products. In particular, the situational involvement played the role as having partly intermediary influences on the interaction between third-party organization endorsement and price sensitivity, but over 73% of respondents were only willing to pay less than one thousand dollars from their original purchased budget. Associations should increase third-party organization endorsement difference in the minds of consumers and use situational involvement to reduce consumer price sensitivity, the results can also provide as a reference to set appropriate prices, which can increase sales rate. This study suggests that the relevant official organizations and farmer associations should further promote products to potential consumer groups, and that promotion can increase situational involvement difference and farmer associations'' revenue. The conclusions can enhance competitiveness and sustainable of products.
46
Mir, Javad. "An analysis of the impact of price determination of agricultural products on migration of rural population from rural to urban areas in Iran during 1974-86". Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/761.
Testo completo
47
"Three Essays on Consumer Behavior under Uncertainty". Doctoral diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.25834.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
abstract: It is well understood that decisions made under uncertainty differ from those made without risk in important and significant ways. Yet, there is very little research into how uncertainty manifests itself in the most ubiquitous of decision-making environments: Consumers' day-to-day decisions over where to shop, and what to buy for their daily grocery needs. Facing a choice between stores that either offer relatively stable "everyday low prices" (EDLP) or variable prices that reflect aggressive promotion strategies (HILO), consumers have to choose stores under price-uncertainty. I find that consumers' attitudes toward risk are critically important in determining store-choice, and that heterogeneity in risk attitudes explains the co-existence of EDLP and HILO stores - an equilibrium that was previously explained in somewhat unsatisfying ways. After choosing a store, consumers face another source of risk. While knowing the quality or taste of established brands, consumers have very little information about new products. Consequently, consumers tend to choose smaller package sizes for new products, which limits their exposure to the risk that the product does not meet their prior expectations. While the observation that consumers purchase small amounts of new products is not new, I show how this practice is fully consistent with optimal purchase decision-making by utility-maximizing consumers. I then use this insight to explain how manufacturers of consumer packaged goods (CPGs) respond to higher production costs. Because consumers base their purchase decisions in part on package size, manufacturers can use package size as a competitive tool in order to raise margins in the face of higher production costs. While others have argued that manufacturers reduce package sizes as a means of raising unit-prices (prices per unit of volume) in a hidden way, I show that the more important effect is a competitive one: Changes in package size can soften price competition, so manufacturers need not rely on fooling consumers in order to pass-through cost increases through changes in package size. The broader implications of consumer behavior under risk are dramatic. First, risk perceptions affect consumers' store choice and product choice patterns in ways that can be exploited by both retailers and manufacturers. Second, strategic considerations prevent manufacturers from manipulating package size in ways that seem designed to trick consumers. Third, many services are also offered as packages, and also involve uncertainty, so the effects identified here are likely to be pervasive throughout the consumer economy.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2014
48
莊欣樵. "A loss of properties and multi-channel selling price of the products of the channel members of the coordinating the decision-making - for example on agricultural supply chains". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61952425522281974038.
Testo completo
49
PANGRÁCOVÁ, Kristýna. "Zhodnocení cenového vývoje hovězího masa ve vybraných státech EU". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-175562.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the dependency of the price of beef in the income of households. For the six selected EU will be examined twelve consecutive period from 2001 to 2012 will be used for the calculation of trend analysis, the coefficient of elasticity and correlation index. On the basis of these results was to confirm that the four selected countries dependence prices of beef in the income of households. These states are the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany and Austria. In Poland and Hungary dependence was refuted.
50
Visser, Amorie. "The evaluation of KwaZulu-Natal's priority agricultural sectors for effective export promotion / Amorie Visser". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study provides the strategies that can be implemented to promote the
agricultural sector in KwaZulu-Natal and the theory behind economic development,
as well as the importance of trade and export growth. There are restrictions in terms
of trade and it is important that these are addressed before making a decision to
choose a viable, potential and realistic country to export to. This study is aimed
answer the research question if agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector in
KwaZulu-Natal. Furthermore, this study includes background on the KwaZulu-Natal
Province and mainly focus on the indicators such as GDP, employment, health
issues and other indicators that will indicate that this province is of importance in
South Africa in terms of the agricultural sector. This study uses SARS data to
analyse and calculate the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) of all agricultural
products of the province. This is done to identify if there is a comparative advantage
in the products studied in this study. The products of KwaZulu-Natal also show that
this province’s agriculture can be seen as a primary export sector and that this sector
is a major contribution to South Africa’s GDP and development. This study uses the
Decision Support Model (DSM) to compare the results from the Revealed
Comparative Advantage to identify the products and sectors which have the most
export potential in the international market. This study reveals that the agricultural
products and industries in KwaZulu-Natal with the highest overall export potential are
chocolate and cocoa preps, refined soybean oil, and leather products as the three
top performers among agricultural products and have the most export potential in the
province. Concluding remarks are based on the findings made throughout the study.Thesis (MCom (International Trade))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012