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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
1
Kropivko, M., e D. Mykytyuk. "Functioning of credit cooperation: foreign experience and challenges for Ukraine". Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, n. 2(151) (16 dicembre 2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2019-151-2-89-95.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is established that the existing banking system is aimed primarily at lending to highly concentrated agricultural enterprises and is not adapted to the needs of small rural businesses. Therefore, the creation of an effective mechanism for lending to small and medium-sized agricultural entities through a credit cooperative system is of particular relevance. Rural credit co-operation is a parallel to banks, an alternative financial system that has begun to firmly occupy a niche in the country's credit and financial system. Its line of business is financial services for small and medium-sized entrepreneurs and villagers who cannot be serviced by banks in rural areas. It is proved that the effective activity of credit cooperation is conditioned by the creation of appropriate prerequisites. This is, first of all, voluntary establishment of credit cooperative institutions and accumulation of funds of individuals and legal entities; the purpose of the credit cooperative to ensure the mode of greatest assistance to its participants in credit, settlement, consulting, and other types of services; recognition of the variety of organizational forms of credit cooperative institutions; the direction of use of accumulated financial resources mainly for production purposes; providing financial support to the credit cooperative and legal and consulting assistance from the state. It is determined that the economic essence of credit cooperation is largely determined not by the type and nature of the participants' activity, but by the specifics of the actions and functions that they cooperate with. The involvement of unions of temporarily free funds of all categories of the population will allow to use its income in the areas of residence, in particular to direct them to the development of the agricultural sector. The creation of credit unions should be seen as encouraging the development of small businesses, including: promoting the development of production and processing of agricultural products in personal peasant and small farms, as well as the development of other small forms of farming in the agricultural sector and processing industry (including the promotion of the creation of agricultural service providers cooperatives); expanding the availability of credit resources for private farms and farms, as well as for cooperative units for the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products and services. Keywords: credit cooperation, credit union, population, personal peasant economy, farming, state.
2
Burhansyah, Rusli. "KINERJA, KENDALA, DAN STRATEGI PROGRAM KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT SEKTOR PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN". Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi 39, n. 1 (6 ottobre 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/fae.v39n1.2021.73-87.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p class="A04-abstrak2">Agricultural funding institutions need capital business. The challenge of the Agriculture Sector Public Credit Program is to increase reach program, institutional regulations, empowerment, and synergy. Some of the problems of the Agriculture Sector Public Program include low absorption rates, schemes, program coverage, assistance, and institutions. Policy recommendations among others; increase people business credit proposals agricultural, provide the people business credit scheme with a base and groups like the farmer's group, involving Agribusiness Micro Finance Institution and cooperatives, extending branch of the bank and the of a companion. Recommendations empowerment and synergies between other; addition and strengthening the role of Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator, special programs the agricultural sector (people plantation and holder livestock) with the ceiling adjusted to the proposal, joint responsibility, business partner, Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator in Sector Public Credit Program special enough important. Cooperation with the Field Agriculture Extension necessary for the socialization is at the farmer's group and gapoktan. The technical team's provincial and district role is to performance monitoring Independent Smallholder Financing Facilitator.</p>
3
Nesterchuk, Iu O., R. P. Mudrak, V. P. Bechko e O. A. Nepochatenko. "The influence of cooperation on the development of the credit resources market for agricultural business entities". Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, n. 97 (28 dicembre 2020): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2020-97-2-263-275.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the problems of the influence of cooperation on the development of credit resources market for agricultural sector. The analysis of activity of agricultural goods producers of Cherkasy region on capacity of farmland, majority of which are small-scale, has been carried out. Due to limited access to credit resources on credit resources market in general and preferential lending, growth of tax burden in particular, small-scale agricultural companies are in a difficult financial situation, which makes it impossible for them to operate on the principles of self-financing and self-sufficiency. The solution to this problem is possible through the creation of production, service and credit cooperatives and on their basis – the Agrarian Bank. The basic principles of functioning of agricultural cooperatives have been studied. It has been determined that the development of credit cooperation in this sector of the economy is mainly through the prism of lending, while leveling other important functions that can contribute to the sustainable development of small-scale agrarian sector. The peculiarities of the development of agrarian cooperation in Ukraine have been revealed, and functioning of the information-consulting center for consulting farmers has been singled out in the structure of the rural cooperative. It has been found that cooperation is one of the key institutions that will improve the efficiency of agricultural economy. The development of the cooperative movement in Ukraine can be a driving force for qualitative change not only in the agricultural sector but also in the country as a whole. But this requires the combined efforts of villagers, NGOs and government officials. The relevant laws need to be updated, and the very idea of cooperation needs more coverage and discussion. According to the world experience in a market economy, cooperatives are a third force or alternative to public and private enterprise.
4
Shadrack AKPORAWO, Peter Otunaruke Emaziye e Onyeidu Samuel Osemedua. "Effect of agricultural credits on production among smallholder crop farmers in delta state". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, n. 2 (30 novembre 2022): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1196.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study analysed the effect of agricultural credits on production among smallholder crop farmers in Delta State. Multistage random sampling procedure was adopted for the selection of 210 respondents. Data were collected from primary sources through the use of structured questionnaires and analysed through the use of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The result showed that most of the respondents were in the age range of 41years to 50 years who were married with secondary school education. Majority were engaged in farming as their primary occupation having mean family size of 8 persons and an average annual income of N250,000. Majority obtained their credit from personal savings and cooperative societies. The major determinants of access to credit in the area were interest rate, type of enterprise, and farm size. The major constraints to obtaining credit were lending policies of credit institutions, lack of knowledge of rules and regulations and provision of collateral security. It is recommended that farmers should be encouraged to form farmers’ cooperative societies to improve access to credits.
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Hutorov, Andrii O., e Olena O. Hutorova. "The Theoretical and Methodological Principles of Elaborating the Agricultural Cooperation as a Part of the Development of the Agrarian System of Ukraine". PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 3, n. 53 (2022): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2022-3-27-34.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize and deepen the theoretical and methodological principles of the elaboration of agricultural cooperation in the development of the agrarian system of Ukraine. The role and place of cooperation in the system of social organization of labor is researched. It is displayed that cooperation is an objective prerequisite for integration, and the division of labor itself causes its necessity. In institutional theory, the choice between free market transactions and full vertical coordination for economic agents is caused by market conditions, allocative efficiency of resource allocation and their minimum cost. The dynamics and state of development of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine are analyzed. An approximate three-level scheme of the national agricultural cooperative system is developed. At the first level of the hierarchy, agricultural cooperatives and cooperative associations should be located, at the second – regional unions (associations) of agricultural cooperatives, at the third – the All-Ukrainian Association of Agricultural Cooperatives. Under such a cooperative system, the principles of centralized and decentralized management are optimally combined, the self-government of cooperatives and compliance with the principles of cooperation are ensured. Based on the three-level scheme of the national agricultural cooperative system, the conceptual principles for the development of cooperative relations in agriculture at the regional level are substantiated. At this, management functions are retained by the cooperative association, which includes agricultural enterprises, farms and households belonging to the country’s residents, consulting services and support are provided by the regional advisory service, and the distribution of funds is carried out by a credit union founded by members of this cooperative association. A model of elaborating the cooperative relations in the agricultural sector of the economy with the participation of households and small commodity producers is proposed, which provides for the creation of a consumer agricultural cooperative. In case of deepening the integration of a consumer cooperative with another production, processing or sales enterprise of the agricultural sector of the economy, the cooperative model is transformed into a cooperative-integrated one, while maintaining the advantages of cooperation and receiving additional organizational and economic benefits from integration.
6
Yin, Zhuyao, e Tingli Wu. "A comparative study on the reform of rural credit cooperatives under the strategy of rural revitalization". SHS Web of Conferences 153 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202315301003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rural credit cooperatives are the main force serving “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” in China. Zhejiang and Shaanxi are the first pilot provinces of the rural credit cooperative reform in China. The research on the reform of rural credit cooperatives in Jiaxing, Zhejiang and Yan 'an, Shaanxi shows that there are significant regional differences in the reform and development of rural credit cooperatives. Yan'an rural credit institutions play a more prominent role in supporting agriculture, but Jiaxing rural credit institutions have comparative advantages in overall operational efficiency, anti-risk ability, profit model and other aspects. On this basis, it is proposed to follow the principle of “six insistence” in promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives, continuously improve the operating capacity of rural credit cooperatives, and promote the supply side structural reform of rural finance.
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A. B, Odinwa, Johnny B, Ekeogu C.O e Chukuigwe O. "Challenges of Accessing Agricultural Credits by Farmers for Increased Food Production in Delta State, Nigeria". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND EARTH SCIENCE 8, n. 2 (2 luglio 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v8.no2.2022.pg10.21.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study investigated the challenges of accessing agricultural credits by farmers for increased food production in Delta State, Nigeria, the specific objectives were to: examine the level of awareness of the sources of agricultural credits to farmers in the study area, ascertain the extent of accessibility of such agricultural credits to farmers, and identify the challenges facing farmers in accessing agricultural credits in Delta State. Descriptive survey design was adopted to assess the farmers. Purposive sampling technique was used to select three LGAs and a total of nine (9) communities while 32 respondents from each of the 9 communities were randomly selected given a total of two hundred and eighty-eight (288) respondents and used for the study. Weighted mean scores derived from the Likert type rating scale was used to analyze the data collated for the study, while the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was engaged for test of significance at 0.05% level of significance. The findings showed that the farmers were highly aware of Personal savings (GM = 2.49), Cooperative societies (GM = 2.47), Government bodies (GM = 2.28), Micro Finance bank (GM = 2.28) and Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (GM = 2.18) among others as sources of agricultural credits in Delta State. It indicated that Personal savings, Loan from Cooperative societies, Bank of Agriculture (BOA), Micro Finance Bank and the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme among other formal and informal sources of agricultural credits were highly accessible to farmers in the area. Finally, it showed in the degree of seriousness that: Lack of trust by the lending institutions (GM = 3.32), Poor leadership vision in agriculture (GM = 3.25), Lack of awareness of available agro credits (GM = 3.22), Low perception of farming enterprise by the people (GM = 3.20), High interest rate (GM = 3.05), Not having the required savings with the lending institution (GM = 3.02), beside others were the most serious challenges confronting farmers in accessing agricultural credits in Delta State. All the test results (ANOVA) showed no significant difference among the three LGAs at P > 0.05 significant level. The study therefore, recommended that: Extension Services should be beefed up in the State to cover the gaps of unawareness of agro credit sources and teach farmers how to access them, Extension agents should be encouraged to supervise and recoup government agricultural loans from farmers to facilitate the flow of agricultural credits in the State, State Government should show concern and make policies that would relax the collateral security to enable the poor farmers access to credits as at when due, and A drastic measure should be put in place by government to punish defaulters who bridge the revolving loans from circulation in the State.
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Wysocka, Ewa. "Ewolucja regulacji prawnych w bankowości spółdzielczej w Polsce". Studia Iuridica 72 (17 aprile 2018): 431–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.7646.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cooperative banking in Poland has more than 150 years of tradition, going back to the period of Partitions. The first Polish credit associations and cooperatives were established in Greater Poland in the years 1861–1862, in the fashion of credit cooperatives for farmers established by Friedrich Raiffeisen and the so-called cooperative “people’s banks” associating craftsmen, that were founded by Franz Schultze. In 1899, on the territory of the Austrian Partition, small credit institutions, the so-called “Stefczyk Savings Unions” (“Kasy Stefczyka”), were created, associating mainly farmers, In the period of the Second Polish Republic (1918–1939), Polish Agricultural Bank (Polski Bank Rolny) was established in Warsaw (1919). The bank’s task was to provide financial backing for agriculture, and in 1921 it was transformed into State Agricultural Bank (Państwowy Bank Rolny), only to become Agricultural Bank (Bank Rolny) in 1948. It was replaced by Food Economy Bank (Bank Gospodarki Żywnościowej), called into being in 1975 as a financial head office for cooperative banks which originated from saving and loan cooperatives. In the period of the Polish People’s Republic (1952–1989), state-cooperative banking was in place. The system and economy transformations that took place after 1989 caused crisis and the necessity of state intervention in the Polish cooperative banking. In the years 1990–1994 efforts were made to fix the cooperative banking system through implementation of the Act of June 24, 1994 on restructuring of cooperative banks and Food Economy Bank and on amendments to certain acts. Food Economy Bank was transformed into a joint-stock company as a bank of the National Association of cooperative banks. Besides, nine regional associations were established in the form of a joint-stock company of cooperative banks, which became shareholders of the national bank. The system and functioning of cooperative banks are currently governed by: Banking Law Act of August 29, 1997, Cooperative Law Act of September 16, 1982 and the Act of December 7, 2000 on functioning of cooperative banks, associating thereof and associating banks. The structure of cooperative banking was based on the division into cooperative banks and associating banks. Two associations of cooperative banks are currently operating in Poland: Bank of the Polish Cooperative Movement (Bank Polskiej Spółdzielczości S.A.) with its seat in Warsaw and Cooperative Banking Group – Bank (Spółdzielcza Grupa Bankowa – Bank S.A.) with its seat in Poznań. All the cooperative banks are covered by the Bank Guarantee Fund and under supervision of the Financial Supervision Authority. In 2015 the Act of December 7, 2000 on functioning of cooperative banks, associating thereof and associating banks was amended due to the changes implemented in the European Union Law (the so-called CRD IV/CRR package). Financial security of cooperative banks was increased through establishment of the Institutional Protection Scheme (IPS). Cooperative banks are an important element for development of the entire Polish banking system. Therefore, the financial supervision over the entire system of banking and Cooperative Savings and Credit Unions (SKOK) should be conducted in appropriate manner.
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Zheng, Yangyang, Jianhong Lou, Linfeng Mei e Yushuang Lin. "Research on Digital Credit Behavior of Farmers’ Cooperatives—A Grounded Theory Analysis Based on the “6C” Family Model". Agriculture 13, n. 8 (12 agosto 2023): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081597.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
As the main demand side of rural financial services, farmers’ cooperatives are an important part of China’s rural finance. However, due to the lack of effective collateral, farmers’ cooperatives have problems such as difficulty in obtaining loans or expensive loans, which not only hinder the high-quality development of farmers’ cooperatives, but also limit the development of regional rural finance. Digital credit as a new financing model can effectively alleviate the problems of difficult and expensive loans and has received wide attention from the government and academia. Based on this, this paper analyzes the digital credit behavior of farmers’ cooperatives in detail by applying the “6C” family model to the grounded theory, and constructs a theoretical analysis model of farmers’ cooperatives’ digital credit behavior. The findings are as follows: The motivation for the digital credit of farmers’ cooperatives is that the credit procedures are simple, the loan period is short, and the loan interest rate is low; the condition is the farmers’ cooperative reputation advantage and government policy support,; the main form is the participation of cooperatives in short- and long-cycle digital credit; and the consequence is reflected in increasing the income of cooperative members, improving the availability of cooperative loans, promoting cooperative credit building, and achieving sustainable agricultural development. Different participation motivations have different effects on the form of credit. When motivated by simple credit procedures and short loan periods, farmers’ cooperatives choose “Huinong e-loan”; when motivated by simple procedures and low loan interest rates, farmers’ cooperatives choose “Funong Loan”. Different forms of credit will produce different performances. Farmers’ cooperatives choosing “Huinong e-loan” will produce economic performance; farmers’ cooperatives choosing “Funong Loan” will produce economic performance and social performance. In order to deal with the problem of digital credit of farmers’ cooperatives, the government needs to improve the relevant policies and regulations, reduce credit risks, and establish a sound credit system to provide credit guarantees for cooperatives and farmers. Financial institutions need to improve their financial services and innovate financial products and services to meet the multi-level credit needs of cooperatives.
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A., Okidim I., E. C. Chukuigwe, Okuduwor A. A. e Ezihuo N. "Determinants of Agricultural Credit Acquisition Amongst Poultry and Fish Farmers in Selected LGA’s of Rivers State, Nigeria". International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science 8, n. 7 (30 agosto 2023): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijaes.v8.no7.2022.pg17.27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study analyzed the determinants of agricultural credit acquisition by poultry and fish farmers in Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Area, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 farmers from 10 communities in the study area. The objective of the studies are to, describe the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents, identify the sources of credits available to the farmers, determine factors influencing credit acquisition in the and analyse the constraints influencing farmers access to agricultural credit in the study area. The research instruments employed in the study were descriptive statistics, Likert scale and regression analysis. Research result for Obio/Akpor LGA, we used the double log model, said to be the best fit because it had the highest F ratio, 228.431, the highest number of significance variables, a significant Prob > F value of 0.000, an R- squared of 0.97- and an Adj R-squared of 0.965. Membership to cooperative and delay in credit disbursement was found to be significant factors. For respondents in Port Harcourt LGA. The semi- log model is said to be the best fit because it had the highest F ratio, the highest number of significance variables, a significant Prob > F value of 0.000, an R- squared of 0.964 and an Adj R-squared of 0.959. at 5%. Farmers are encouraged to join cooperatives to enable them acquire credits. Interest rate and delay in credit disbursement was found to be significant. The researcher recommends that credit and financial institutions review the conditions for credit acquisition by farmers, so that more persons will be able to benefit from credit disbursement especially with respect to high interest rate, collateral security and proximity to the farmers. Efforts should be made to creat e more awareness about the existence of formal agricultural credits.
Tesi sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
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Yu, Weibin. "Disaster Risk Management in Agricultural Sectors of China with Focus on Complementarity between Revised Institutions and Traditional Functions". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/68761.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第14224号
工博第3008号
新制||工||1446(附属図書館)
26542
UT51-2008-Q693
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Schroder, Monica. "Finanças, comunidades e inovações : organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar - o Sistema Cresol (1995-2003)". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285556.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Orientador: Angela Antonia KageyamaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T02:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schroder_Monica_D.pdf: 2058282 bytes, checksum: 54fca7a7ed8b1fc1ea6c110fb99711c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Governos, agências de cooperação internacional, organizações não-governamentais, associações, cooperativas e instituições financeiras vêm reconhecendo, especialmente a partir dos anos 1990, a importância do microcrédito e das microfinanças para atender as demandas financeiras das populações mais pobres, que não têm acesso ao sistema financeiro ou acessam-no com dificuldades. São novas modalidades de operacionalização dos produtos financeiros, que facilitam o acesso a contas corrente e de poupança, seguros e créditos de pequeno montante e que utilizam a maior proximidade social com a clientela para avaliar o risco e as garantia do crédito concedido. Organizações financeiras adaptadas vêm atendendo também as demandas financeiras dos agricultores familiares, em diversos países. No Brasil, o Sistema de Cooperativas de Crédito Rural com Interação Solidária ¿ o Sistema Cresol, na região Sul, formado por pequenas cooperativas, atende exclusivamente esse público. Constituído no biênio 1995/1996, o Cresol apresenta importantes resultados: tem ampliado e universalizado o atendimento financeiro, reduzido os custos de transação dos financiamentos, consolidado laços com o espaço local e com os agentes que nele atuam e assegurado sua sustentabilidade institucional e financeira. Para responder por que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar, como o Sistema Cresol, conseguem ampliar o acesso desses agricultores aos benefícios da política de financiamento rural e ao sistema financeiro, alcançando segmentos sociais que, tradicionalmente, o sistema bancário não prioriza ou tem dificuldades para atender, elaborou-se esta tese. Sua hipótese é que as organizações financeiras da agricultura familiar produzem, em relação às práticas tradicionais do sistema bancário, inovações em diferentes dimensões para a oferta de crédito e de outros serviços financeiros; a capacidade de inovar é função dos elementos do arranjo institucional em que a atuação das organizações está fundamentada. O objetivo é analisar os elementos do arranjo institucional que sustenta o Sistema Cresol, os atributos que tornam tal arranjo inovador, conferindo-lhe eficiência na coordenação de determinada transação, e o papel das inovações para a própria permanência da organização financeira. A análise se fundamenta, desse modo, nos fatores econômicos e não-econômicos da trajetória e dinâmica do Sistema Cresol. Conclui-se que a flexibilidade que as cooperativas têm para se adequarem à realidade das comunidades em que atuam, que facilita a assimilação ao arranjo institucional da complexa trama social local, e os instrumentos de gestão contábil-financeira e de controle social, que facilitam o processo de aprendizagem acerca da organização, são os elementos que diferenciam o arranjo institucional do Sistema Cresol, favorecem as inovações e atribuem maior consistência às variáveis econômico-financeiras. A identidade institucional baseia-se, portanto, em vínculos concretos entre duas realidades, a das organizações financeiras e a dos agricultores familiares, havendo, por isso, uma proximidade social entre a atuação das cooperativas e as demandas financeiras dos agricultores e, também, a adequação dessas demandas à racionalidade econômica que caracteriza o empreendimento cooperativo
Abstract: Governments, international cooperation agencies, no-government organizations (NGO¿s), associations, cooperatives and financial institutions are recognizing, especially from the 1990¿s, the importance of the microcredit and of the microfinance among the poorest populations that either don't have access to financial system or have difficulties in doing it. There are new services modalities of the financial products in that the proximity with the clientele is important to evaluate the risk and the guaranteed of credit and facilitate the access of the checking account, saving, safe and small credit. In several countries financial organizations are also assisting the family farmers' financial demands. In Brazil, the System of Rural Credit Cooperatives with Solidary Interaction - the Cresol System, in Southern area, was created to serving family farmers organized in small cooperatives. Created in 1995/1996 biennium, Cresol System has presents remarkable results: it has been enlarging and universalized the financial service; reduced the financings transaction costs; consolidated the links between the local space and agents; and strengthen the institutional and financial sustainability. In order to contribute to the understanding of this issue, this thesis set out to answers why the family farms financial organizations, as the Cresol System, gets to enlarge the access of farmers to the benefits of the rural financing where traditionally the bank system doesn't prioritize or assist. The hypothesis is that the family farmers¿ financial organizations have been innovative in many dimensions of the credit line and other financial services; the innovate capacity is due to the elements of the institutional arrangement in that the performance of the organizations is based. The main objective is analyze the elements of such institutional arrangement that sustains the Cresol System; the attributes that turn such arrangement innovative in improving the performance of the specific transaction coordination; and the role of the innovations in preserve the permanence of the own financial organization. The analysis is based on the economical and no-economical factors of the trajectory and dynamics of the Cresol System. The results of such investigation point out that, firstly, the cooperatives flexibility to adapt to such communities' reality (poor and small farmer family), that facilitates the assimilation to the institutional arrangement, and secondly, the instruments of the account-financial management and social control, that facilitate the organization learning process area. Both elements that differentiate the Cresol System's institutional arrangement favor the innovations and attribute better consistence to the economical-financial elements. The institutional identity is based on concrete links between two realities: the one of the financial organizations and the other of the family farmers. It results in a social proximity between the cooperatives performance, the farmers' financial demands and the demands adaptation to the economical rationality that characterizes the cooperative enterprise
Doutorado
Politica Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
3
Krumpelman-Farmer, Elaine L. "The investment horizon issue in user-owned organizations". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4162.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (May 10, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Condon, Andrew Michael. "Property rights and the investment behavior of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives". Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115032/.
Testo completo
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Chaddad, Fabio R. "Financial constraints in U.S. agricultural cooperatives : theory and panel data econometric evidence /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3036812.
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Matthews, William A. "The residual control roles of cooperative board of directors a preliminary comparative analysis /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4802.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on March 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Capurro, Alejandro. "Comparing agricultural financing in Uruguay and New Zealand". Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2344.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2008, New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) was four times the size of Uruguay’s, and its export earnings were five times Uruguay’s. Nevertheless, agricultural products accounted for over 60% of export earnings for both economies. This highlighted the importance that the agricultural sectors of Uruguay and New Zealand had to their respective foreign trade sectors. The success with which both countries’ agricultural sectors solved their financial needs would be influential to their export sectors and overall economies. Through the use of expert interviews, a multiple-case study strategy was employed to carry out a comparative study of the agricultural financing systems of Uruguay and New Zealand. The findings revealed contrasting situations in both countries. Chief among them were the differences encountered in agricultural debt relative to agriculture’s contribution to total GDP in each country. In Uruguay this figure was 26% whereas in New Zealand it amounted to almost 400%. The differences found were largely attributable to the institutional frameworks in place in each country (i.e. the legal and cultural norms that structure political, social and economic interactions), as well as the historical contexts in which the institutions evolved. In Uruguay, the institutional framework limited producers’ possibilities of accessing bank credit due to restrictive central bank regulations. The lack of access to international credit markets by Uruguayan banks due to the country’s unfavourable credit risk rating was an additional factor which limited credit availability. These were largely a result of the financial crisis (and the subsequent recession) that had occurred in the region in 2002. Producers in Uruguay were able to access costlier seasonal capital and some medium-term capital from informal lenders such as cooperatives, processors and input suppliers. Nevertheless, if they required medium and long term credit, Uruguayan farmers needed to deal with the banking system. Furthermore, the high cost of registering mortgages, combined with long-term loan facilities that generally did not go for longer than ten years, resulted in a limited demand for high-volume, long-term credit on producers’ side. Almost the exact opposite situation was found in New Zealand. No great financial turmoil had affected New Zealand since the economic reforms of 1984, in which the economy in general was deregulated. An institutional framework which promoted access to credit, combined with a favourable country credit risk rating which promoted open access to overseas funding for banks, meant that the agricultural sector was able to expand its use of credit uninterruptedly since the early 1990s. Also, in contrast with the Uruguayan case, mortgaging of properties was relatively straightforward and inexpensive, and long term lending could be approved for terms of generally up to 20 years. These factors contributed to the expansion of rural credit in New Zealand. However, New Zealand’s agricultural debt was found to be greatly exposed to one subsector (the dairy farming sector). Moreover, the level of debt of New Zealand’s agricultural sector surpassed its contribution to GDP many times over, which raised doubts concerning the long-term sustainability of that level of debt.
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Akman, Geraldine. "Both sides now : gender relations in credit and agriculture cooperatives in rural Haiti". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39563.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation applies the theoretical perspective of gender relations and develops methods to understand and analyze the movement of women from the center of social systems to its margins when these systems are undergoing rapid socio-economic and political change. This research responded to the pressing need for the application of newer, more appropriate theoretical and methodological perspectives to examine shifting power relations between women and men in areas undergoing transformation. In the case study, I investigate the locus of power in a system of cooperatives in the Departement du Nord, Haiti and discover how and why female members are being relegated to the periphery of this development programme. I find that a system of gender-based social power is causing unequal opportunities and oppressive power relations for female members in the cooperatives. I analyze how and why this system of social power causes conflict when the interests of female and male members differ in the cooperatives and I explore strategies for change. This dissertation also contributes to a greater understanding of the power dynamics which exist when one group holds different preferences and practices to the dominant group whose framework is the one considered acceptable in the society.
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Yossuck, Pradtana. "Factors contributing to the viability of farmer associations in Northern Thailand : multiple case study /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9964015.
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Grafsky, Ann. "Branch alternatives model". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1635.
Testo completoLibri sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
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Shergill, H. S. Role of cooperative institutions in agricultural credit in Punjab: Present position and strategy for further improvement. Chandigarh: Institute for Development and Communication (IDC), 2011.
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2
Braverman, Avishay. Institutional aspects of credit cooperatives. [Washington, DC]: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1988.
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3
Cai, Siping. Zhongguo nong cun jin rong zu zhi ti xi chong gou: Ji yu gong neng shi jiao de yan jiu = Restruction of rural financial organization system in China from functional perspective. Beijing: Jing ji ke xue chu ban she, 2007.
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Yan, Gujun. Tong chou cheng xiang fa zhan bei jing xia nong cun xin xing jin rong zu zhi chuang xin yan jiu. Hangzhou Shi: Zhejiang da xue chu ban she, 2014.
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Kumar, Kewal. Institutional financing of Indian agriculture: With special reference to commercial banks. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1987.
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Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest., International Labour Office e Programme d'appui aux structures mutualistes ou coopératives d'épargne et de crédit., a cura di. Banque de données sur les systèmes financiers décentralisés, 2000. 5a ed. [Dakar, Sénégal]: Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, 2001.
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Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest., International Labour Office e Programme d'appui aux structures mutualistes ou coopératives d'épargne et de crédit., a cura di. Banque de données sur les systèmes financiers décentralisés, 1999. 4a ed. [Dakar, Sénégal]: Banque centrale des Etats de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, 2000.
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Programme d'appui aux structures mutualistes ou coopératives d'épargne et de crédit. Banque de données sur les systèmes financiers décentralisés: [nom de pays]. Dakar: Banque centrale des états de l'Afrique de l'ouest, 1997.
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Mahalingam, S. Institutional finance for development of tribal economy. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1995.
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Singh, Jogishwar. Banks, gods, and government: Institutional and informal credit structure in a remote and tribal Indian district (Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh) 1960-1985. Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1989.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
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Dinc, Yusuf. "Converting Turkish Agricultural Credit Cooperatives into Islamic Financial Institution". In Management for Professionals, 95–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10907-3_9.
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Fu, Hong, e Calum G. Turvey. "Evolution of the Cooperative Financial System: 1927–49". In The Evolution of Agricultural Credit during China’s Republican Era, 1912–1949, 285–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76801-4_10.
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Kumburu, Neema P., e Vincent Pande. "Rural Transformation Through Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Moshi District, Tanzania". In The Palgrave Handbook of Agricultural and Rural Development in Africa, 313–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41513-6_15.
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Feng, Xingyuan. "Ownership, Governance and Interests of Financial Institutions within the Rural Credit Cooperative System1". In Finance in Rural China, 60–73. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003369776-4.
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Fu, Hong, e Calum G. Turvey. "Emergence of Modern Rural Financial Institutions in the Warlord Era: 1912–28". In The Evolution of Agricultural Credit during China’s Republican Era, 1912–1949, 161–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76801-4_5.
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Njagi, Timothy, e Yukichi Mano. "Toward a Green Revolution in Sub-Saharan Africa: Farm Mechanization in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme". In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 63–73. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractGovernments in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have made concerted efforts to improve farmers’ adoption of modern technologies in their farm operations to realize a rice Green Revolution, improve food security, and alleviate poverty. However, smallholder farmers’ access to farm mechanization in SSA remains constrained due to supply-side and demand-side challenges. On the supply side, the market for agricultural machinery services is often underdeveloped. On the demand side, the smallholders with inadequate knowledge of improved rice cultivation practices have limited demand for mechanized services despite increasing wage rates. This study analyzes the mechanization process of rice farmers in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. The Mwea Irrigation Scheme is the most advanced rice production area in SSA, with farmers familiar with improved rice cultivation practices, well-functioning input credit markets, and millers adopting modern milling technologies, enabling local rice to compete with imported Asian rice. Analyzing original data collected in 2011, 2016, and 2018, we found that most farmers in Mwea implemented rotavation using tractor services provided by farmers’ cooperatives, while they implemented leveling using draft animals. Non-cooperative members reduced tractor use and adopted draft animals to implement both harrowing and leveling, implying the importance of a well-developed mechanization service market.
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Miningou, Amos, Appolinaire S. Traoré, Essegbemon Akpo, Issoufou Kapran, Bertin M. Zagré, Gabriel A. Diasso, Yamba Kienthéga e Apolinaire Zoungrana. "An Analysis of Groundnut Innovation Platform Achievements in Brokering Improved Varieties to Communities in TL III Project in Burkina Faso". In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 31–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractAccess to seeds of improved groundnut varieties is the most critical problem of farmers in Burkina Faso. Firstly, majority do not know the existence of improved varieties and secondly the price is not affordable to them. Based on the above, the INERA groundnut breeders’ team established four innovation platforms on groundnut in the Region of Centre-East, Region of Centre-North, Region of Centre-West and Region de la Boucle of Mouhoun. Through these platforms, Quality Declared Seeds (QDS) were produced for the first time in Burkina Faso in 2016 with support from the Tropical Legumes phase III (TL III) project. Since then, QDS and certified seeds are produced and sold to the local communities at affordable small packs in order to make improved seeds accessible to the poor farmers. So far about 10,000 persons have been reached with small packs. Farmers, agricultural extension and NGO staff have been trained in groundnut seed production, demonstrations, field days and Farmer Participatory Variety Selection (FPVS) to promote the improved varieties and the best agronomic practices. Farmers’ yields increased from 500–700 kg/ha to 1200–1500 kg/ha increasing women and youth incomes from 200 USD to 800 USD/year only for those who grow groundnut during the rainy season. Those who grow during rainy and off-seasons their incomes can reach 1200–1500 USD. Links with financial institutions have facilitated access to credit for these farmers. In the future, the Platform sustainability will be assured through members’ annual financial contributions and strong production contracts among traders, processors and farmers.
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"Finance for Agriculture". In Agricultural Finance and Opportunities for Investment and Expansion, 26–55. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3059-6.ch002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Finance for funding agricultural activities can be fixed through three typical sources, namely formal, informal, and semi-formal channels. However, the small-scale farmers either by omission or commission tend to rely solely on informal sources of finance, for instance, personal savings, for funding agricultural activities. There is therefore the need to inform farmers on the array of sources of finance that are available for them for use boosting their farm investment and enterprise expansion. The objectives of the chapter include highlighting three important functions of an enterprise, defining the meaning of agricultural finance, describing sources of investment fund for agriculture, and discussing the rural finance institution-building programme. The methodology adopted is that of systematic and analytical review of relevant literature. Following from the review of relevant literature, this chapter argues that the reported reluctance of banks to lend to agriculture is dictated by the profit-making motives of the banks against the characteristic risky nature of agricultural enterprises. A way around the reluctance is government backed and efficiently targeted credit schemes. The chapter further argues that farmers should form cooperative societies and source loans from such cooperative societies at single digit interest rates. With respect to the cooperative societies, government should constantly and consciously discharge its responsibilities as they relate to supervision, monitoring, and evaluation of the activities of registered cooperative societies. The chapter observes that the formal sources of agricultural finance are capable of mobilizing a large sum of money; however, in the process of financial intermediation, a relatively small fraction of the whole gets to agriculture. On their part, the informal sources tend to mobilize funds for agriculture at high and therefore unsustainable interest rates to farmers. Incentives and subsidies are therefore required for financing agriculture. It is specifically recommended that African governments should strive to commit themselves to the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme's call for the allocation of at least 10% of the national budget for agriculture to achieve a target of 6% annual agricultural growth.
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Burmeister, Larry, Gustav Ranis e Michael Wang. "Group Behaviour and Development: A Comparison of Farmers’ Organizations in South Korea and Taiwan". In Group Behaviour and Development, 125–44. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199256914.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In response to prevailing agro-ecological and agrarian structural conditions, a variety of rural organizations has arisen throughout East Asia to link small producers to broad national development objectives. Farmers’ organizations (FOs) have been critical components of this organizational infrastructure, providing marketing, input supply, technical information, and credit services to farmer-members. In some countries, such FOs have played quite a significant role as institutional vehicles for promoting agricultural development, while in others they have been less effective (see Jones 1971; Lele 1981; Illy 1983). In this paper, we examine two FOs, the Farmers’ Association (FA) in Taiwan and the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (NACF) in South Korea (hereafter Korea), in order to assess the extent to which such organizations permit us to understand better the role of group behaviour in affecting development outcomes.
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Hansohm, D. "Agricultural credit". In The Agriculture of The Sudan, 117–23. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198592105.003.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the Sudan the formal financial system consists of the Bank of Sudan (the central bank), 21 commercial banks (national, foreign, and joint venture), with 214 branches (1987 data), three savings institutions (the Sudanese Savings Bank (SSB), the Post Office Savings Bank, and the Premium Saving Bonds Project), three specialized banks (the Agricultural Bank of Sudan (ABS), the Industrial Bank of Sudan (IBS), and the Estates Bank of Sudan), and some developmental institutions, for example, the Sudan Rural Development Company Ltd. (SRDC). Most of these agencies are engaged in financing the agricultural sector, either directly or indirectly.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
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Everest, Bengü, e Murat Yercan. "Cooperative Members’ Participation Status and Trends to Cooperative Management: Case of Regional Union of Agricultural Credit Cooperative in Balıkesir". In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01762.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cooperatives are organizations that are managed by partners. The behavior and approaches of the partners related to cooperative management affect the success of the cooperative. This study aimed to determine the following; level of awareness about the cooperative management of members, tasks take trends in the cooperative management who didn’t take task in the cooperative management, members participate in the cooperative management.
The data were obtained by face-to-face interviews with the 367 cooperative members in Balıkesir, Bursa and Çanakkale province. Participation of members in the cooperative management of the situation revealed non-parametric statistical methods, logistic regression analysis method and fuzzy paired comparison method were used.
56,25% of the members think as, "states should be effective in reaching decisions on the cooperative". According to logistic regression analysis young partners tend to think that way than older partners. Only 20% of members who didn’t take task in the cooperative management, want to take task in the cooperative management in future. These members follow-up agricultural meetings and use internet for reach agricultural information. 45% of members joined last cooperative management meeting. According to fuzzy paired comparison method, the most influential factor in the choose management decision is “to trust management candidate”.
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Mardari, Liliana, Ala Betivu, Nicoleta Mateoc-Sirb e Nina Putuntean. "Involvement of commercial banks in credit and financing of the agricultural sector". In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.37.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The access of enterprises from the agrarian sector in the Republic of Moldova to credit and financing depends on their financial potential, determined by the specificity of agricultural production, but also by the specificity and efficiency of the national financial institution. Despite the specificity of the activity in the agricultural sector, financing opportunities are constantly increasing. Commercial banks, as specialized financial-lending institutions, are involved in financial support by granting loans, offering financing projects/programs, as well as in subsidized lending to agricultural producers. The purpose of the research is to highlight the peculiarities of crediting and financing of the agricultural sector. The methods applied in the research process are: dynamic analysis, comparison, deduction. The results of the research reflect the crediting of the agricultural sector in the period 2017-2021, as well as the involvement of commercial banks in financing and subsidizing activities.
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Lawrence, Odax, Sotco Komba, John Iwata e Gratian Rwekaza. "Evaluation of Co-operative Education and Training for Sustainable Agricultural Marketing Co-operative Societies in Ukerewe and Sengerema Districts, Tanzania". In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Education. Dar es Salaam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37759/ice01.2023.05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the world today, co-operative societies are important to the extent that cooperators have opted to ensure their sustainability by establishing guiding principles, education and training. With this regard, the Tanzanian government has made efforts to ensure regular provision of Co-operative Education and Training (CET) in each co-operative society. However, CET provision in Tanzania remains unevaluated and mal-evaluated, resulting in unsustainable, dormant and extinct co-operative societies. Yet, the extant studies on CET are too general as they cover the overall performance of the co-operatives, leaving out CET evaluation unexplored. This study evaluates CET in Tanzania by determining the status of CET and examining the practice of CET evaluation in Ukerewe and Sengerema districts. Findings were drawn from 64 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and documentary review. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The study used a context, input, process, and product (CIPP) model of education evaluation to examine the practice of CET evaluation. The findings revealed that regardless of the existence of CET evaluation both formative and summative, there were some shortfalls. In terms of practice, the findings revealed that CET was seasonal while the context, input, process and product evaluation were unsatisfactory; hence confirming the poor trend of cooperative societies’ development. The study concludes that CET is still a necessity to ensure both the status of CET and practice. The study recommends CET institutions to prepare a centralised curriculum for all co-operatives and review CET regularly to suit societal needs. The government should set aside funds for CET and needs assessment to avoid irrelevant knowledge to the co-operators.
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Mtika, Natasha. "THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN MALAWI". In SSHRA 2024 – Social Science & Humanities Research Association International Conference, 09-10 July, Bangkok. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.304305.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Does cooperative membership promote household welfare? What are the determinants of social capital? What are the negative factors arising from social capital? By following a case study approach of two agricultural cooperatives in Malawi, the study focused specifically on rural household welfare to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which social capital impacts rural communities in Malawi. The empirical evidence gathered was directed to uncover social capital both as a determinant factor of household welfare as well as a household socio-demographic factor to capture both its exogeneity and its endogeneity. This research narrows the research gap in Malawi, since until this research, there remained a significant gap in the literature regarding the examination of the relationship between social capital and rural household welfare. This research, therefore, focuses specifically on the relationship between rural household income and social capital by using t-tests, also traditional regression analysis to determine the determinants of social capital. Results indicate that cooperative membership improves household welfare as revealed by the striking disparities in income levels and variability between cooperative members and non-cooperative members. This is attributed to the substantial economic benefits of cooperative membership such as reduced transactional costs and improved market and information access which are available to cooperative members as opposed to non-members, underscoring the role of social capital embedded in groups and cooperatives in contributing to the socio-economic development and poverty alleviation of rural households. Institutional trust, gender, and education emerged as key predictors of social capital underscoring the crucial roles of trust, gender dynamics, and education levels within social networks. This highlights the need for policy interventions that promote education, address gender disparities, and build people’s trust in local, district, and national institutions to enhance social capital among people in rural areas. Financial barriers, power imbalances, and leadership accountability were found to limit the inclusivity and accessibility of the networks by those who are outside as well as contribute to a lack of trust and reduced participation among members, especially those who feel marginalized or excluded.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Agricultural cooperative credit institutions"
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Trivelli, Carolina, Sergio Navajas, Mark D. Wenner e Alvaro Tarazona. Managing Credit Risk in Rural Financial Institutions in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, maggio 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008848.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this report is to review common credit risk management techniques used in a sample of Latin American financial institutions with agricultural portfolios, identify the factors that contribute to successful credit risk management as measured by several key financial performance indicators in order to assist donors, governments, and owners of financial institutions to promote and adopt the most efficient and robust techniques. This report also examines a sample of 42 financial institutions in Latin America that have agricultural portfolios, and identifies their principal perceived risks, how they asses and manage credit risk, and how effective they are in the process as measured by key financial performance indicators (such as asset quality, portfolio growth, and profit margins).
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Finkelstain, Israel, Steven Buccola e Ziv Bar-Shira. Pooling and Pricing Schemes for Marketing Agricultural Products. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568099.bard.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years there has been a growing concern over the performance of Israel and U.S. agricultural marketing organizations. In Israel, poor performance of some marketing institutions has led to radical reforms. Examples are the two leading export industries - citrus and flowers. In the U.S., growth of local market power is eliminating competitive row product prices which served as the basis for farmer cooperative payment plans. This research studies, theoretically, several aspects of the above problem and develops empirical methods to assess their relative importance. The theoretical part deals with two related aspects of the operation of processing and marketing firms. The first is the technological structure of these firms. To this end, we formalize a detailed theory that describes the production process itself and the firm's decision. The model accounts for multiple products and product characteristics. The usefulness of the theory for measurement of productivity and pricing of raw material is demonstrated. The second aspect of the processing and marketing firm that we study is unique to the agricultural sector, where many such firms are cooperatives. In such cooperative an efficient and fair mechanism for purchasing raw materials from members is crucial to successful performances of the firm. We focus on: 1) pricing of raw materials. 2) comparison of employment of quota and price regimes by the cooperative to regulate the quantities, supplied by members. We take into consideration that the cooperative management is subject to pressure from member farmers. 3) Tier pricing for raw materials in order to ensure efficiency and zero profits at the cooperative level. This problem is examined in both closed and open cooperatives. The empirical part focuses in: 1) the development of methodologies for estimating demand for differentiated products; 2) assessing farmers response to component pricing; 3) measurement of potential and actual exploitation of market power by an agricultural marketing firm. The usefulness of the developed methodologies are demonstrated by several application to agricultural sub-sectors, including: U.S. dairy industry, Oregon wine industry, Israeli Cotton industry and Israeli Citrus industry.
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Frisancho, Verónica, e Martín Valdivia. Savings Groups Reduce Vulnerability, but Have Mixed Effects on Financial Inclusion. Inter-American Development Bank, dicembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002910.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, we investigate the impact of savings groups after more than two years of exposure. We find t hat savings groups channel expensive investments such as housing improvements and reduce households' vulnerability to idiosyncratic shocks, particularly among households in poorer districts. The treatment also induces changes in households labor allocation choices: access to savings groups increases female labor market participation and, in poorer areas, it fosters greater specialization in agricultural activities. Access to savings groups also leads to a four-percentage point increase in access to credit among women, mainly driven by access to the groups loans. However, the introduction of savings groups has no impact on the likelihood of using formal financial services.On the contrary, it discourages access to loans from formal financial institutions and microfinance lenders among the unbanked.
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Zharare, Sydney, e Nestor Mashingaidze. Impact of COVID-19 on agribusinesses for investors. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191154.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evidence from this assessment indicates that, without deliberate support from impact investors, banks and development finance institutions (DFIs), large numbers of agricultural small and medium enterprises (agri-SMEs) will not be able to continue operations following the lockdowns imposed in response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative effects on the operations of agri-SMEs. It has made capital less available, as impact investors and financial institutions take a more cautious approach to extending credit and making investment decisions. Supply chains have been disrupted, resulting in delayed access to inputs (such as seed and fertiliser for smallholder farmers) and in fewer or no deliveries for agri-SMEs. The closure of restaurants and schools has decreased consumer demand. Some agri-SMEs have experienced labour shortages due to restrictions in the movement of people, although some have benefited from family labour as people moved back to their rural homes. The disruptions have created uncertainty for impact investors and financial institutions, which have been compounded by their inability to conduct in-person due diligence assessments for new investments. This evidence report seeks to assess the impact of COVID-19 on agri-SME operations by analysing emerging global evidence and insights from six countries. These are Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA)'s three focus countries (Malawi, Nepal and Uganda), as well as Ethiopia, Ghana and Nigeria, which (along with Malawi) formed part of a rapid market assessment (RMA) between April and May 2020. This was carried out by Agricultural Policy Research in Africa (APRA), a research programme funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO). APRA seeks to understand which pathways to agricultural commercialisation are the most effective at empowering women, reducing rural poverty and improving food and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa. The report uses a market system lens to analyse impacts and craft recommendations for intervention, as agri-SMEs are linked to other value chain actors - such as farmers, impact investors and regulatory authorities - that govern the functioning of the system. The report focuses on the effects of COVID-19 on impact investment and especially on agribusiness impact investors, given their key role in supporting the growth of these enterprises. While the profit motive is paramount for impact investors, the current consolidation and recovery phase calls for investors to take a longer view on returns: they should shore up their investees and build a robust pipeline for after the recovery. A business-as-usual approach to activities such as due diligence will not work given current travel restrictions. Digital and drone technologies, however, offer alternatives and could be ramped up to close the face-to-face gap created by the pandemic.
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Subedi, Dipak, e Anil K. Giri. Debt use by U.S. farm businesses, 2012-2021. Washington, D.C: Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2024.8478364.ers.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The short-term Federal funds rate, which impacts the interest rate of other loans, has been increasing since March 2022. The rate can disproportionately affect demand for different types of loans, as well as the choice of the lender for different farm sizes. This report examines farm debt by lenders, as well as other attributes, such as the use of different loan types (real estate and non-real estate) among different types of farm businesses. The authors used data from multiple sources, including the USDA, Economic Research Service's Farm Income and Wealth Statistics and Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS), from 2012 to 2021 to understand the farm debt situation. Total U.S. farm debt in 2021 was $503.7 billion (in 2022 dollars), which was $127.8 billion (34 percent) higher compared with 2012 and was primarily driven by farm real estate debt. Total farm real estate debt was $344.5 billion, or more than two-thirds of total debt in 2021. The Farm Credit System, a nationwide network of borrower-owned lending institutions and specialized service organizations, provided 45 percent of total debt, and commercial banks provided 35 percent, resulting in these two lender entities providing 80 percent of the sector’s debt. The share of farm businesses with some debt grew as gross cash farm income increased along with the average and median loan size