Tesi sul tema "Agrarian system"
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Habib, Irfan. "The agrarian system of Mughal India, 1556-1707 /". New Delhi ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400622791.
Testo completoWhittle, Jane. "The development of agrarian capitalism in England from c.1450 - c.1580". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281888.
Testo completoUddin, Mohammed Nasir. "Knowledge of women in activities related to farming system in agrarian community of Bangladesh". 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科 技術・職業教育学研究室, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12381.
Testo completoLegawiec, Stephen John. "Agrarian Reform and the Slave System: A Case Study of James Galt's Point of Fork Plantation, 1835-1865". W&M ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626595.
Testo completoHuapaya, Tapia Ramón Alberto, e Povis Lucio Andrés Sánchez. "The legal regime of forced expropiation in the peruvian administrative system. Normative evolution and current perspectives". THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109619.
Testo completoLa expropiación forzosa ha sido, desde los orígenes de la República, un mecanismo que ha servido al Estado para cumplir con sus objetivos, a costa del daño lícito causado al privado, y a cambio de un justiprecio. En el presente artículo se estudia el actual régimen jurídico de la expropiación forzosa en el Perú, para lo cual los autores lo comparan con lo regulado en las primeras constituciones y leyes peruanas, descubriendo que la figura no siempre fue pensada de la misma manera por el constituyente o el legislador.
Wako, Adi Liban, University of Western Sydney, College of Social and Health Sciences e School of Applied Social and Human Sciences. "Ideology as commodity : industry of a theocracy and production of famines in Ethiopia". THESIS_CSHS_ASH_WakoAdi-L.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/452.
Testo completoDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Keisling, Kathryn E. "Fairtrade Ground Up: Profit and Power in the Certification System from the Perspective of Coffee Farmers in La Convención Valley, Peru". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/711.
Testo completoHugonnet, Mickaël. "Transformations des systèmes de production du lait en Nouvelle-Zélande : perte d’autonomie et financiarisation". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0021.
Testo completoThis thesis looks at the evolution of dairy farming and agrarian systems in New Zealand. It explains and characterizes the original path followed by dairy production in this country, which relied on low-input grazing systems until the 90s before moving away from it. It aims also at describing mechanisms underlying the emergence of financialised dairy production structures. Finally, we assess the socio-economic implications of both the shift toward higher-input dairy systems and the financialization of dairy production. This research uses the theoretical framework of Comparative agriculture supplemented by the Anglo-Saxon branch of Agrarian studies. It relied on the analysis-diagnosis the agrarian situation of two small rural areas (the Upper Thames Valley and the Selwyn district). Our work shows how fundamental has been the economic context to explain the focus on low-input grazing systems which characterised dairy farming in the New Zealand until the 90s. It argues that the economic liberalization has been a huge incentive for farmers to shift towards higher-input systems during the 90s. The economic analysis show that low-input systems are nevertheless more efficient in terms of added value and farm income generated per hectare. For its part, financialization permitted to accelerate the development of dairy production, but did not lead to more efficient production systems in terms of added value generated. However, it allows investors who do not take parts into the productive process to capture a significant part of this added value. Finally, the question arises whether or not the agricultural development observed in New Zealand since the 90s is relevant in terms of sustainable development
Scholz, Solomon Sorba. "Innovation Strategies in Small Agrarian Businesses in Sierra Leone". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6664.
Testo completoLindström, Jonas. "Distribution and Differences : Stratification and the System of Reproduction in a Swedish Peasant Community 1620-1820". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9328.
Testo completoDunck, Ellen A. Fernandes Magni. "Sistema produtivo agrário brasileiro consumidor de agrotóxicos como fonte de violência". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6504.
Testo completoApproved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-17T16:11:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ellen Adeliane Fernandes Magni Dunck - 2016.pdf: 1621445 bytes, checksum: 4d874d3b81796d5eefc5ca63bf0ef6e1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
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The incident of aerial spraying of pesticides occurred in May of 2013 on the Municipal Rural School São José do Pontal, within the rural settlement Pontal dos Buritis located 130 km from Rio Verde - Goiás, where more than 100 children and adults were Intoxicated, was the inspiration for this research. The objective is to study the Brazilian agricultural production system from 1960, coinciding with the "green revolution". Developed after World War II by large corporations, the study of the "green revolution" showed that it was more of a violent policy than a peaceful solution to eradicate hunger and increase and improve food productivity as it preached. This new rationality based on the homogeneity of the production brought about by the "green revolution", its science and its politics, made possible the development of the Agroindustrial Complexes, favoring the hegemonic power. The "green revolution" was rather a technical-scientific package that would impose the mechanization of crops and the massive use of highly toxic chemical substances - agrochemicals, generating ever more ecological and social scarcity and violence.
O incidente de pulverização aérea de agrotóxicos ocorrido em maio de 2013 sobre a Escola Municipal Rural São José do Pontal, dentro do assentamento rural Pontal dos Buritis situado a 130 km de Rio Verde – Goiás, onde mais de 100 (cem) crianças e adultos foram intoxicadas, foi a inspiração para a presente pesquisa. O objetivo é estudar o sistema produtivo agrário brasileiro a partir de 1960, período coincidente com a “revolução verde”. Desenvolvida pós segunda guerra mundial por grandes corporações, o estudo da “revolução verde” mostrou que se tratava mais de uma política violenta que de uma solução pacífica para erradicar a fome e aumentar e melhorar a produtividade de alimentos como pregava. Essa nova racionalidade pautada na homogeneidade da produção trazida pela “revolução verde”, sua ciência e sua política, possibilitaram o desenvolvimento dos Complexos Agroindustriais, favorecendo o poder hegemônico. A “revolução verde” era antes, um pacote técnico-científico que imporia a mecanização das lavouras e o uso massivo de substâncias químicas altamente tóxicas – agrotóxicos, gerando cada vez mais escassez ecológica e social e violência.
Vittoretto, Bruno Novelino. "Do Parahybuna à Zona da Mata: terra e trabalho no processo de incorporação produtiva do café mineiro (1830/1870)". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1968.
Testo completoRejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: primeira letra de cada palavra chave em maiúsculo on 2016-07-02T12:26:30Z (GMT)
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O tema central dessa pesquisa versa sobre o processo de incorporação produtiva do café mineiro ao mercado mundial da commodity durante o século XIX. Trata-se da ascensão da cultura cafeeira na região geográfica do Vale do Parahybuna, que com a introdução da rubiácea lança os elementos para a conformação da região historicamente constituída da Zona da Mata mineira. Ainda, tem como objetivo discutir os descompassos que caracterizaram a agricultura do café local, diferenciando-a das demais regiões cafeeiras do país, tanto em relação ciclo cronológico de sua produção, quanto em relação à capacidade de diversificação econômica que o produto básico proporcionou no período da transição capitalista. A base documental para esse estudo foi os inventários post-mortem, localizados no Arquivo Histórico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (AHUFJF), além dos Relatórios de Presidentes da Província de Minas Gerais, as fontes demográficas – compostas pela Lista Nominativa de 1831 e o Recenseamento Geral de 1872, e os relatos de viajantes que passaram pelo Caminho Novo durante a primeira metade da centúria.
The main theme of this research talks about the process of Minas Gerais’ coffee productive incorporation into the world market in the nineteenth century. It contemplates the rising of coffee culture in the geographic region called Vale do Parahybuna, that was transformed into the historically constituted region of Zona da Mata, as soon as the rubiaceae grew there. Still, it aims to discuss the mismatches that characterized the coffee culture in the region, mainly considering the differences between other coffee-growing areas, as its temporal cycle and its ability of diversifying the local economy in the period of the capitalist transition. The documental basis for this research was the inventories post-mortem, located at Arquivo Histórico da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (AHUFJF), beyond the Reports of the Provincial Presidents of Minas Gerais, demographic sources – Nominal Lists of 1831 and Census of 1872, and reports of travelers who passed through Caminho Novo during the first half of the century.
Lima, Diego de Faveri Pereira. "Avaliação de impacto do programa nacional de crédito fundiário na região sul do Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-19042011-084424/.
Testo completoSince it was a colony, Brazil has presented a very concentrated land property structure. From the 30s on, laws and politics have been developed in order to promote an agrarian reform. In the present days, two alternative models of agrarian reform are being applied in Brazil expropriation of non-productive land (traditional model) and acquisition of land by means of the market (market-led agrarian reform). Both approaches seek to reduce land concentration and improve the welfare of families and farmers that use land as a productive factor. In this context, this work aimed at estimating the impact of Programa Nacional de Crédito Fundiário (a program of market based agrarian reform in Brazil) on the welfare of beneficiary families involved in the line of financing called Consolidação da Agricultura Familiar, which operates in the south region of Brazil. The impact of the program on beneficiary families was estimated based on the observation of a treatment and a control samples, from which data was collected in 2007 (baseline) and 2010 (follow up), constituting a longitudinal database. Such data structure allowed the estimation of impact through the double difference method. Sampling biases (selection and attrition) were controlled in order to avoid confounding effects and enhance internal validity of the results. The findings indicated positive and significant impacts on total family income, total per capita family income and total assets. Among beneficiaries, there was also a significant increase in the proportion of families that own their houses. Notwithstanding, no improvements in infrastructure conditions (sewage, water and electricity network access) were observed. In general terms, the findings indicate that the Programa Nacional de Crédito Fundiário in its line Consolidação da Agricultura Familiar in the South region of Brazil has generated positive impacts on the welfare of beneficiary families.
Hingh, Anne Evelyne de. "Food production and food procurement in the Bronze Age and early Iron Age (2000-500 BC) : the organisation of a diversified and intensified agrarian system in the Meuse-Demer-Scheldt region (the Netherlands and Belgium) and the region of the river Moselle (Luxembourg and France) /". Leiden : Faculty of archaeology, Leiden university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38870674h.
Testo completoSchreiner, Davi Félix. ""Entre a exclusão e a utopia. Um estudo sobre os processos de organização da vida cotidiana nos assentamento rurais (Região Sudoeste/Oeste do Paraná)"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-18092006-095851/.
Testo completoThis study concerns contemporary experiences lived by rural workers in organized resistance movements in southwestern and western Paraná State, along the Brazilian border with Paraguay and Argentina, between 1985 and 2001. Its main objective is to analyze the organization of settlers day-to-day living in rural settlements. The investigation focused the evidenced contradictions in the processes of organizing different cooperative and/or associative efforts, and how these efforts influenced day-to-day living among the settlers. The sites picked for survey were Vitória Settlement, in the town of Lindoeste, and Terra Livre Settlement, in the town of Nova Laranjeiras, both linked to the MST and with 30 families settled in all; and the new settlements formed by settlers that were moved from Salto Caxias Waterpower Station to various towns in the west region, comprising 612 families linked to the Crabi/MAB. Considering that settlements are not socially isolated areas, their internal organization and forms of solidarity and cooperation were analyzed in two ways: on the one hand, from the review of links between changes in the agrarian structure in the region, the organization of the resistance carried out by the landless, and the formation of rural settlements and their ways of organizing land and work in the region; on the other hand, the investigation of the mediation in the social relations and of the dynamics of social movements, and the multiple ways the settlers elaborate to represent the memory of their fights for land and their path through life. In these contexts, the settlements are seen as social and production environments where diversity and difference generate relationships guided by power, intertwined with contradictions and conflicts of habits, values and tradition. Visible in the settlements are the class contradictions, like the one pertaining to the very formation of the social rank of settler. One of the main contradictions materialize in the settlers possibility of returning to the colony way of life and the praxis around a new project of social, productive and communitarian organization by their mediators. The proposals of cooperation, especially the collective ways of using the land and dividing the work, are seen by most of the settlers as restraining their freedom and autonomy. The study shows that the dualistic conception of MST (collectivism against individualism) in the effort to implement cooperation in the settlements led to the discrimination of individual settlers and proved to cause reduction of cooperation experiences among them. Collectiveness is something strange to their culture and constitutes a restraint to their lifestyle and utopias. Such incompatibilities evidence the need to value the settlers cultures and to consider their traditions and values when formulating a cooperation policy in the fight. It also reveals the need to forget old authoritative and subordinative practices in the political relationship between mediators and settlers, as one prerequisite to a new individual and coletive life qualitx, based in the different kinos of horizontal reciprolity, in the democracy and in co-operation.
Makana, Nicholas Ekutu. "Changing patterns of indigenous economic systems agrarian change and rural transformation in Bungoma District 1930-1960 /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4464.
Testo completoTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 360 p. : map. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 351-360).
Gedouin, Maëlle. "Agrobusiness du soja et de la viande en Uruguay : financiarisation des systèmes agraires et nouvelles différenciations sociales et productives en agriculture". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0004/document.
Testo completoThis research deals with the development of soybean and meat agribusiness, and of its particular expansion in Latin America since 2008. Our analysis considers the impact of the development of financial markets-linked productions onto the technical development and economic results of the agents involved in the production process, as well as onto the sustainability of theses production systems. This work was conducted in two areas in Uruguay (Young and Ansina), selected for having different characteristics about the timeline and the stage of the financialized productive forms development. We have used the agrarian system approach, in order to emphasize the differentiation dynamic of agricultural production systems in the concerned territories, and their production and added-value distribution. We have highlighted the evolution of relations of production in these farming systems, and their consequences onto growing inequalities in regards to access to productive resources. The reflux in very large networking companies, seen in Uruguay in the early 2010’s, has also led us to identify the remaining land users emerging strategies for productive system management. Finally, we have also taken into consideration the debates induced by these dramatic changes linked to financialization of agriculture to ponderate our study
Wako, Adi Liban. "Ideology as commodity : industry of a theocracy and production of famines in Ethiopia". Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/452.
Testo completoGeqeza, Awonke. "Internal control systems and the compliance support structures of the Eastern Cape Department of Rural Development and Agrarian Reform". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/3008.
Testo completoThe non-compliance with the public finance management act, national treasury regulations, and internal financial controls hinder service delivery within most local government institutions. Consequently, the region is worse affected by sporadic service delivery protests. To prevent this, internal control units (ICU) were established within government departments. The establishment of ICUs is necessary as an essential internal control mechanism, as a monitoring tool, and ensuring compliance processes are upheld within the department. They also manage any risk of financial mismanagement of public funds. Against this background, this paper reports on compliance support structures of the ECDRDAR, as this department shares with district municipalities the role to develop rural communities. This paper sought to establish factors that lead to non-compliance issues and their effect on financial management and service delivery in the mentioned department. This research study’s main objective was to determine the extent to which the management support to the ICU’s role could help to properly manage the government funds. The study employed a quantitative research cross-sectional survey method to investigate the effectiveness of the ICU’s role using a sample of 110 with valid interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were collected from the finance employees of the department, which consisted of unit managers, their assistants, and internal control unit Directors. This study employs several statistical techniques such as the descriptive statistic, correlation, and ANOVA to analyse the data from the survey. The survey results reflected that poor management communication about compliance procedures among finance employees, inadequate training, ICUs independence and objectivity, and lack of management support were the main deterrence to the effectiveness of the ICU. Based on the drawn conclusion, appropriate recommendations were suggested to assist the government departments to overcome non-compliance issues. Although the study provided some useful insights, it is also acknowledged that further research could employ larger sample sizes and other departments.
Andrade, Daniela. "Pobreza rural e conservação da Mata Atlântica no processo de transformação do sistema de produção agrícola caboclo: história agrária do município de Iguape, Vale do Ribeira - SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-22042008-002328/.
Testo completoAgriculture as undertaken in the Vale do Ribeira, Sao Paulo region from colonization time, has been a key element in the area\'s development and transformation, a real object of study and investigation to further understand its marked traits: poverty and the Mata Atlântica environmental safekeeping. Via the build up of the Iguape district agricultural history - rich in important regional historical events - we strived to deepen knowledge of agricultural development in how nature was used and also the means for fulfilling human needs from the turn of century XIX to XX - when a typically caboclo organization was identified - to present days. To further build up an agricultural history, we have made usage of the \"agricultural production system\" concept, as reference the soil usage regime, as defined by Boserup (1983). In this survey we submit to analysis the social processes resulting from agricultural evolution, starting from material aspects, goals, symbols and subjective values pertaining to social action and mutually determined by economics. The caboclo organization was deeply linked to traditional farming rooted in shifting technology, which banked on the existence and usage of woods, its fleeting fertility and land rotation. From the 1960 decade on, a series of events associated to regional economic incorporation - such as migrations, real estate dealings, modernization output subsidies - led to the process of disorganization of the caboclo agricultural system and of implied dynamic socio-cultural relations. In the late 80\'s, we believe that the new Mata Atlântica ruling, set down by the Environmental Legislation, determining the itinerant technique conversion, while setting significant restriction to arable areas and the banning of forest clearing. We show how this process was further determining under the new political orientation which altered the presence and form of the State in the region. By means of field work we studied how the caboclo tradition bred rural population reorganized agricultural techniques, production schemes and market handling. To mention among other effects, we found socially disrupted producers, culturally uprooted and economically impoverished producers.
Bouvard, Adeline. "Complexité de la crise agraire d’un écosystème de montagne en Haïti. Quelles voies d’amélioration des conditions de vie paysanne et de préservation du milieu ?" Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0015.
Testo completoHaiti has experienced significant deforestation during the last century. On the slopes, reduced forest cover results in severe soil erosion and generates important damages downstream. In response to this problem, agricultural land use restrictions and reforestation of areas most exposed to erosive risk have been the main response of the Haitian government and international organizations for several decades. Thanks to the case study of the area of La Borne, located in the Matheux mountain range and uphill the large rice plain of the Artibonite, this study aims to analyze the impact on farmers of projects that prevent the use of rural lands other than for reforestation purposes. We also consider alternative ways of development that would reach both objectives to preserve mountainous ecosystem while improving the food and economic situation of peasants.This research was based on extensive fieldwork. It has shown that the area’s population growth during recent decades has been associated with an increase in cultivated areas. This has been made possible by a reduction in the duration of fallow and an extension of crop area to the steepest slopes. The reproduction of soil fertility in cultivated areas, which is permitted by association with livestock, is compromised by fodder availability and farmers’ investment capacity. They evolve indeed in a socio-economic context economically very unfavorable. These factors limit the size of their livestock. Yields and organic matter content of soil quickly decline, leading to a increasing erosion on the slopes. The analysis of the agrarian system of La Borne made it possible to understand that agricultural land use limitation in the most eroded areas, except for reforestation purposes, would result in further reduction of fodder supplies and would accentuate existing imbalances. The poorest farmers, whose farming activity depends mostly on the exploitation of targeted areas, would be the first to be affected.Some farmers in the region have begun implementing profound transformations that contribute to solving the fertility crisis of the ecosystem. They have adapted and used with a systemic approach several techniques acquired during development projects. Thanks to a strong intensification of work, they have built terraces on the slopes and managed to better control runoff water. It enables them to develop new farming systems which rely on fodder introduction and associated crops under tree cover. The outcome is increased soil organic matter rate, better infiltration capacity and improved crop yields. Implementation of these practices requires a secure land tenure and an access to suitable equipment, which is relatively expensive. These new farming systems offer an alternative way of development that both limit soil erosion and increase food production on mountains areas, taking into account peasants interests
Златова, А. Р. "Прийняття рішень в системі управління сільськогосподарським підприємством". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Zlatova.pdf.
Testo completoУ роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти прийняття рішень в системі управління. Проведено аналіз діяльності фермерського господарства «Балкани» та його фінансового стану. Проаналізовано ринок зерна з використанням двохсекторної моделі оцінювання та встановлено, що він є стратегічно привабливим. Використанно діаграми спорідненості, структуровано управлінське рішення щодо зберігання врожаю зерна. Визначено істотні недоліки в існуючих типових альтернативах та запропоновано альтернативне рішення щодо зберігання зерна в силобегах. Рішення обґрунтовано на підставі проведених розрахунків у порівняні з альтернативними варіантами.
The qualifying paper considers the theoretical aspects of decision making in the management system. characteristics of the farm "Balkans" and its financial condition. The grain market was analyzed using a two-sector valuation model and found to be strategically attractive. Affinity diagrams are used, the management decision on storage of grain harvest is structured. Significant shortcomings in the existing standard alternatives have been identified and an alternative solution for grain storage in silage racks has been proposed. The decision is justified on the basis of calculations in comparison with alternative options.
Makal, Mwinkeu Papy. "Agrarian Systems Diagnosis and Cooperatives' support to a divergent typology of farmers. The Case of the Riet River Irrigation Scheme". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45887.
Testo completoDissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MScAgric
Unrestricted
Fernández-Baldor, Martínez Álvaro. "Dinâmicas sociais e produtivas na Bocacosta da Guatemala : análise e perspectivas de desenvolvimento". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15268.
Testo completoThe agrarian reality at Bocacosta in Guatemala, a traditionally coffee area, underwent significant changes in recent years. The coffee crisis of early 1990 and 2000, concurrently with the Peace Accords signing in 1996, were crucial for the productive and social transformation in the region. Currently, we can find, integrated with traditional agro-export model coffee lands and large livestock farms, associations composed of small coffee producers, ex-guerrillas settlements of armed conflict, peasant communities that regularized the land, among others. Are these groups that, aware of the danger of coffee monoculture, are diversifying the production. In this context, the present study aims to examine the social and productive dynamics at Bocacosta, providing a better understanding of the current agricultural background. From a methodology based on a systemic instrument, the research seeks to analyze and diagnose the farming systems implemented by farmers of Bocacosta. This study allowed to identify five (5) agrarian systems, which evolved and differed over time, and seven (7) predominant farming systems, currently performed in the region. A detailed analysis of each farming system was carried out through case studies, intentionally chosen from the research field stage and interviews with key informers. We found out that coffee, despite still being dominant in the agricultural reality of the region, is declining in most of rural establishments, due to low profitability. Also, it can be highlight the heterogeneity of strategies adopted by the new social forms, responsible for new dynamic production. Analysis of the data illustrates the necessity to develop social-nature public policies that increase living conditions of rural population, as well as procedures to shift production to other crops and livestock or product differentiation on the marketplace.
Rauber, Cassiane da Costa. "MASCULINIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO RURAL NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS SISTEMAS AGRÁRIOS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8852.
Testo completoThis study aimed to examine the masculinity index of the rural population in the different agrarian systems of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) verifying possible features and different settings. Systematic and statistical analysis of data from the IBGE Population Count referring to the rural population in Rio Grande do Sul by district in 1950 and by municipalities in 2007 were performed. Masculinity indices of the total rural population and of four age groups were calculated (children, young people, adults and seniors). For the application of Kruskal-Wallis test the rates were grouped by land system (1 Campanha; 2 - Serra do Sudeste; 3 - Depressão Central; 4 Litoral Norte; 5 Litoral Sul; 6 Colonias Velhas; 7 Campos de Cima da Serra; 8 Colônias Novas and 9 - Planalto). Regarding data from 2007, the Test for Difference between Two Proportions was applied. Since 1950 the process of rural masculinization has been intensifying in Rio Grande do Sul, however, it is not a process that takes place homogenously throughout the state, that is, it presents different behaviors depending on the different farming systems. In 1950 and 2007 the agrarian systems 1 and 5 were considered the most masculine. In 2007, the processes 2 and 7 also intensified, and in the cited systems the extensive livestock farming was highly representative. There is a tendency of differentiation in the indices of masculinity of these agrarian systems in relation to the systems 6, 8, 3, and 9. The agrarian systems 9 and 3, where the mechanized production of soybean and rice is representative, underwent a transformation in the behavior in the period, assuming an intermediate position between the high levels of masculinity in the cattle-raising region and low levels in the Colônias, where the family agriculture is a relevant. No significant differences were observed among the agrarian systems in the strata of children and young people, whereas for the adult population there was a clear differentiation of behavior. This differentiation is accentuated among the elderly, where the agrarian systems present three different behaviors: 1) moderate female predominance of family farming in the regions, 2) moderate male predominance in the region of mechanized agriculture, 3) intense male predominance in cattle-raising regions. Thus, the socioeconomic importance of family farming in the agrarian system, the characteristics of the production process, the relations of production, land concentration, and intensity of the main systems of production seem to influence the behavior of rural masculinization especially among the elderly. From the results of the quantitative analysis, a new literature review was performed as a complementary study, checking alternatives to rural masculinization suggested by different authors and policymakers in Brazil. Based on the research data we discussed the relevance and adaptability of these alternatives to the agrarian systems of Rio Grande do Sul. This literature presents important discussions, however it is too generic. In this sense, some alternatives have been suggested highlighting the need for strengthening family agriculture through land reform, especially in some regions in the state.
Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar o índice de masculinidade da população rural nos diferentes sistemas agrários do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), verificando suas eventuais particularidades e diferentes configurações. Para tanto, utilizou-se da sistematização e análise estatística de dados da Contagem Populacional do IBGE, referentes à população rural gaúcha por distrito em 1950 e por municípios em 2007. Foram calculados os Índices de Masculinidade da população rural total e em quatro faixas etárias (crianças; jovens; adultos e idosos). Para a aplicação do Teste de Kruskal-Wallis estes índices foram agrupados por sistema agrário (1 - Campanha, 2 - Serra do Sudeste, 3 - Depressão Central, 4 - Litoral Norte, 5 - Litoral Sul, 6 - Colônias Velhas, 7 - Campos de Cima da Serra, 8 - Colônias Novas e 9 - Planalto). Sobre os dados de 2007 também foi aplicado o Teste para a Diferença entre Duas Proporções. Verificou-se que, desde 1950, o processo de masculinização rural vem se intensificando no Rio Grande do Sul, todavia não é um processo que se dá de modo homogêneo em todo o Estado, apresentando comportamentos diferenciados conforme os diversos sistemas agrários. Em 1950 e 2007 destacavam-se como sistemas agrários mais masculinizados o 1 e o 5. Em 2007 também se intensifica o processo no 2 e no 7, sendo que em todos estes a pecuária extensiva é bastante representativa. Há uma tendência de diferenciação dos índices de masculinidade destes sistemas agrários com relação aos sistemas agrários 6, 8, 3 e 9. Os sistemas agrários 9 e 3, onde a produção mecanizada de soja e arroz é representativa, passam por uma transformação de comportamento no período, assumindo uma posição intermediária entre os altos índices de masculinidade das regiões pecuaristas e os baixos índices das Colônias, onde a agricultura familiar é característica. Também foi observado que não acontece diferenciação estatística entre os sistemas agrários nos estratos de crianças e jovens, enquanto que para a população adulta mostra-se uma clara diferenciação de comportamento conforme o sistema agrário. Esta diferenciação acentua-se entre a população idosa, sendo que neste caso os sistemas agrários assumem três comportamentos diferenciados: 1) predomínio feminino moderado nas regiões de agricultura familiar; 2) predomínio masculino moderado nas regiões de agricultura mecanizada; 3) predomínio masculino intenso nas regiões pecuaristas. Assim, a importância socioeconômica da agricultura familiar no sistema agrário, ou ainda, as características do processo produtivo, as relações de produção, a concentração fundiária e a intensidade dos principais sistemas de produção, parece condicionar o comportamento da masculinização rural, principalmente entre os idosos. A partir dos resultados da análise quantitativa voltou-se a realizar nova pesquisa bibliográfica, de caráter complementar, focando-se na verificação de quais alternativas à masculinização rural são cogitadas por autores e formuladores de políticas públicas recentemente no Brasil. Discute-se, então, à luz dos dados da pesquisa a pertinência e adaptabilidade destas alternativas cogitadas aos contextos dos sistemas agrários do Rio Grande do Sul. Verificou-se que esta literatura apresenta discussões importantes, porém demasiado genéricas. Neste sentido, apontam-se algumas alternativas, ressaltando a necessidade de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar através da reforma agrária, principalmente em algumas regiões do Estado.
Malagnino, Remo Alessio <1986>. "Energy Systems Optimization on Agricultural Sector". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7464/.
Testo completoLike many other productive sectors, even agriculture must tackle an increasing energy dependency on electricity, petroleum and natural gas. Nevertheless, agriculture can directly respond to such request thanks to renewable energy systems (RES) like solar photovoltaic (PV) and biogas/biomethane (BP) plants. These systems have been strongly incentivized in the past. On the contrary, current incentive schemes provide feed-in-tariffs proportionate to farming characteristics as stables, barns, biomass availability, etc. For this reason, as regards the PV sector, it is required to use reliable analytical models for assessing the best orientation and technology, in particular for architecturally integrated generators. For the biomethane production, small-medium plants have stronger incentives in particular using agro-food by-products as feed. However, their performances are strongly dependent on biomethane upgrading technology. Thus, the economic prospective offered by these RES systems are substantially tied to technology choice optimization and no longer solely in simple sizing. On this basis, the main goal of this work is to develop Decision Support Tools (DSSs) for energy optimization both for PV and BP plants. A first study was focused on the analysis of PV plants installed in the same farm. The aim is to examine the impact each plant component has on the PV generator global efficiency and define an analytical procedure for technical parameters optimization in order to maximize the electric yield of an architectonically integrated plant compared to a ground-mounted one. Based on the economic and efficiency features of a biomethane upgrading technology set, a second study was carried out with the aim to design a DSS to assess enterprise-wide profit margins resulting from the on-farm BP plant installation linked to the natural gas grid. The results of the two studies have shown how these DSSs can be useful tools for choosing PV and BP technologies based on farm characteristics.
Carreto, Bernal Fernando. "El sistema agrario de las haciendas en la cuenca alta del río Lerma, estado de México, un análisis histórico territorial". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119879.
Testo completoLa geografía histórica como método del análisis espacial permite el conocimiento de las relaciones entre tiempo, espacio y sociedad, explicando las transformaciones socioespaciales de los sistemas agrarios en los que intervienen el medio físico, la sociedad y su economía en un determinado territorio.A través de estos referentes se pretende desarrollar una caracterización histórica de los sistemas agrarios de las haciendas en la cuenca alta del río Lerma, estado de México, para explicar el funcionamiento del sistema agrario, los tipos de sistemas de producción territorial, sistemas de cultivo, ganadero y agroforestales, la reproducción de sistemas agroeconómicos y el manejo tecnológico de los recursos involucrados en la producción agrícola. De esta forma ofrecemos elementos sustantivos que permitan entender la evolución histórica de los sistemas agrarios en la cuenca de estudio, para su consideración en la mejor interpretación de su problemática presente y planeación territorial futura.
Carnevale, Erika <1987>. "Technical and Economic Analysis of Used Cooking Oils in Bioenergy System: Comparative Case Studies". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8177/1/PhD%20Thesis%20Erika%20Carnevale%20.pdf.
Testo completoBUZIN, Estevão Julio Walburga Keglevich de. "MODELAGEM E SIMULAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE PEQUI NO TERRITÓRIO KALUNGA DE GOIÁS UTILIZANDO A METODOLOGIA SYSTEM DYNAMICS". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/408.
Testo completoThis work presents the social and environmental factors related to community Kalunga of Goiás and its area of occupation that justifies the care to determine the possibilities for use of Territory Kalunga. Considering the importance of various interactions existing means of production factors that affect the biological, sociological and marketing, it was developed a modelling system and simulation of production pequi of the Kalunga territory in Goiás using the methodology of system dynamics. The developed system was performed with 200 replicates, assuming a period of 20 years of installation of the enterprise. To perform the analysis of sustainability of the project it was applied of a group of indicators that consider the environmental, social, economic and political. The results indicate that the implementation of a project for the production of pequi is a profitable and sustainable project in all aspects considered.
Este trabalho apresenta fatores sociais e ambientais relacionados com a comunidade Kalunga de Goiás e seu espaço de ocupação que justificam o cuidado para se determinar as possibilidades de uso do território Kalunga. Considerando a importância das diversas interações existentes em meios de produção que atingem os fatores biológicos, sociológicos e mercadológicos, foi desenvolvido um sistema de modelagem e simulação da produção de pequi no território Kalunga de Goiás utilizando a metodologia system dynamics. O sistema desenvolvido foi executado com 200 repetições, considerando um período de 20 anos de instalação do empreendimento. Para realizar a análise da sustentabilidade do projeto foi aplicado de um conjunto de indicadores que consideram os aspectos ambientais, sociais, econômicos e políticos. Os resultados indicam que a implementação de um projeto de produção de pequi é um empreendimento lucrativo e sustentável em todos os aspectos considerados.
Palliere, Augustin. "" Un sac de riz vide ne tient pas debout ". Dynamiques agraires régionales et marginalisation de la paysannerie sierra-léonaise". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055562.
Testo completoBento, Josà Alex do Nascimento. "DinÃmica e diferenciaÃÃo dos sistemas agrÃrios do territÃrio dos Vales do Curu e AracatiaÃu: estudo de caso no municÃpio de Pentecoste, CE". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14684.
Testo completoConhecer como evolui e quais elementos determinam o processo produtivo no campo em uma determinada regiÃo à uma peÃa-chave para a construÃÃo de novas alternativas ao desenvolvimento agrÃrio regional. Este trabalho estudou a realidade complexa do territÃrio dos Vales do Curu e AracatiaÃu localizado no CearÃ, fundamentado em um estudo de caso no municÃpio de Pentecoste, como um esforÃo de construÃÃo de conhecimento e anÃlise. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi o de realizar uma AnÃlise DiagnÃstico dos Sistemas AgrÃrios (ADSA) no municÃpio de Pentecoste e mensurar o Ãndice de ExclusÃo Social (IES), identificando os tipos de agricultores, seus sistemas de produÃÃo e estÃgio de desenvolvimento local. Foram utilizados 163 questionÃrios obtidos atravÃs de entrevistas diretas com os produtores no municÃpio de Pentecoste. Pode-se constatar que grande parte dos agricultores familiares do municÃpio encontra-se em uma situaÃÃo de extrema fragilidade social, praticando uma agricultura de subsistÃncia, e dependendo de rendas fora da atividade produtiva como trabalho assalariado e transferÃncias governamentais, como bolsa famÃlia e seguro safra. A baixa renda obtida e o despreparo para as intempÃries climÃticas (seca prolongada) a que sÃo submetidos permitem concluir que estes produtores conseguem assegurar minimamente sua reproduÃÃo social. Por outro lado, constata-se igualmente que os agricultores que implementaram os sistemas de produÃÃo fundamentados na pecuÃria e na irrigaÃÃo associada à produÃÃo de coco e banana obtÃm indicadores de desempenho econÃmico e social satisfatÃrios que possibilitam ultrapassar o nÃvel de reproduÃÃo social mÃnimo. De acordo com o IES das comunidades estudadas, 38,46% delas se encontravam em estado de privaÃÃo elevado, 57,59% delas estÃo na faixa mÃdia e apenas uma comunidade foi considerada com baixa privaÃÃo. Cabe ressaltar, que nenhuma comunidade encontrava-se na classificaÃÃo muito elevado, ou seja, a de pior nÃvel de privaÃÃo possÃvel. Considerando Pentecoste como um todo e adotando seu IES de 2012 (56,78%), ou seja, o municÃpio se encontrava no nÃvel elevado de privaÃÃo. Comparando-se o IES das comunidades rurais pesquisadas com o do municÃpio de Pentecoste de 2012, percebeu-se uma melhora, jà que a maioria (57,59%) estava na faixa mÃdia de privaÃÃo.
Monin, Étienne. "Formation agraire, nouveaux modèles agricoles et encadrements métropolitains à Shanghai". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/64de969e-ead7-42bf-bf12-6ee59037b87a.
Testo completoRural areas within 30-70 kilometers of Shanghai city belong to its municipal territory. They form the eastern border of the deltaïc plain at the mouth of the Yangtze River. China's economic capital, populated wih 23 million inhabitants, the city has become in three decades a global metropolis and a showcase of Chinese modernization. This doctoral thesis in agricultural geography analyzes the processes behind agriculture spatial and functional restructuring, in the time Shanghai countryside has transformed into metropolitan peripheries. Mutations in landscapes and agrarian settlement attest of a complex set of economical, technological and social changes, ordered through growing interactions with metropolitan consumption market. Systemic analysis shows the guiding role played by political and scientifical institutions and economical stakeholders, in shaping agriculture metropolitan functional integration
Dias, Cleide Rosa. "Foraging and antipredator behaviour in an acarine predator-prey system on tomato". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3972.
Testo completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
As plantas possuem mecanismos de defesa contra os ataques dos herbívoros. Estes mecanismos podem afetar diretamente os herbívoros, por exemplo, plantas podem produzir metabólitos secundários que reduzem ou param o desenvolvimento dos herbívoros, ou indiretamente por meio de interação com os inimigos naturais dos herbívoros. Plantas atacadas podem produzir compostos voláteis atrativos para inimigos naturais. Essas pistas voláteis são indicativas da presença das presas e são importantes para o sucesso do forrageamento de inimigos naturais. Por outro lado, herbívoros também são capazes de perceber pistas indicativas da presença de predadores e usá-las para evitar locais com risco de predação. Comportamentos antipredação aumentam a sobrevivência das presas, no entanto também podem gerar custos. No presente trabalho, foram estudados os comportamentos de forrageamento e antipredação no sistema do tomateiro com os ácaros fitófagos Tetranychus urticae e Tetranychus evansi, e os ácaros predadores Phytoseiulus longipes e Phytoseiulus macropilis. Ambos os predadores foram capazes de reconhecer pistas de tomateiros infestados mostrando preferência por plantas infestadas por T. evansi e T. urticae em relação a plantas limpas, mas não mostram preferência entre as presas. Estes predadores se alimentam de ambas as presas, no entanto P. macropilis não completa seu ciclo de vida se alimentando apenas de T. evansi. Assim, para P. longipes ambasas presas como fonte de alimento adequada, mas para P. macropilis T. evansi é um alimento de qualidade inferior. É possível que P. macropilis não seja capaz de distinguir pistas oriundas de tomateiros infestados por T. evansi ou T. urticae. Adicionalmente, T. evansi é capaz de perceber a presença de P. longipes e P. macropilis, e foi capaz de reconhecer pistas oriundas desses predadores e mudar seu comportamento de acordo com a espécie de predador e da escala espacial. Tetranychus evansi tentou escapar por mais vezes nos discos foliares com pistas de ambos predadores, tendo também redução no tempo de alimentação. No entanto, também há custos associados a estes comportamentos: T. evansi apresentou redução na taxa de oviposição nos discos foliares com pistas de P. longipes, mas não com pistas de P. macropilis, provavelmente por que este predador não é perigoso para T. evansi como P. longipes é. Em uma escala espacial maior (hexágono de plantas) onde os ácaros caminhariam sobre substrato tendo de percorrer longas distâncias e perceber pistas com intensidade provavelmente mais fraca, T. evansi não evitou plantas com predadores. Todos os tomateiros estavam infestados com coespecíficos que produzem grande quantidade de teia, possivelmente T. evansi não evitou plantas com predadores pela possível proteção conferida pela teia. Concluindo, os predadores P. longipes e P. macropilis são capazes de usar pistas de plantas atacadas para localizar suas presas T. evansi e T. urticae, mas não as distinguem. Tetranychus evansi é capaz de perceber a presença de ambos predadores e mostrar comportamento antipredação de acordo com o perigo oferecido pelo predador e a escala espacial envolvida.
Plants have mechanisms to defend themselves against herbivore attacks. These mechanisms may affect the herbivores directly, for example, plants can produce secondary metabolites that reduce or stop the growth of the herbivores, or indirectly by interacting with the natural enemies of the herbivores. Upon herbivore attack, plants are known to produce volatiles that are attractive to natural enemies. These volatile cues are indicative of the presence of prey, and are important for the foraging success of the natural enemies. In return, herbivores are able to recognize cues associated with the presence of predators and use these to avoid patches with predators. Such antipredator behaviour increases the survival of the prey; however, it may also have costs. Here, we studied the antipredator and foraging behaviour of the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and T. evansi, the predatory mites Phytoseiulus longipes and P. macropilis on tomato plants. Although the predators feed on both prey, P. macropilis can not complete its life cycle feeding only on T. evansi. Thus, for P. longipes both prey are adequate food sources, but T. evansi is a bad food source for P. macropilis. Both predators were able to recognize cues from infested or uninfested plants, showing preference for plants infested by T. evansi or T. urticae compared to uninfested plants, but they did not show a preference for plants with either of the two prey.It is possible that P. macropilis are not able to discriminate cues from tomato plants infested by these prey. Additionally, T. evansi can perceive the presence of P. longipes and P. macropilis. This herbivore was able to recognize cues from these predatory mites and to change its behaviour according to the species of predator and spatial scale. The spider mite tried to escape more often from leaf discs with predator cues, and also reduced its time spent feeding. However, there were also costs associated with this antipredator behaviour: T. evansi showed a decrease in oviposition rate on leaf discs with cues from P. longipes, but not with cues from P. macropilis, probably because this predator is not as dangerous to T. evansi as P. longipes is. At a larger spatial scale (hexagon of plants), where the spider mites walked on substrate soil and in all directions, T. evansi did not avoid plants with conspecific and predators; probably it perceived the presence of conspecific that produce high density of web which can protect it against predation. Concluding, the predatory mites P. longipes and P. macropilis can use cues from attacked plants to locate T. evansi and T. urticae, but do not discriminate between these two prey. In turn, T. evansi can perceive the presence of these predators, showing antipredator behaviour towards dangerous and harmless predators, according to the spatial scale.
Bianchi, Vinícius Rafael. "Análise dos sistemas de produção dos estabelecimentos rurais do município de Palmital/SP em busca de estratégias para o desenvolvimento rural /". Tupã, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132382.
Testo completoOrientador: Sandra Cristina de Oliveira
Banca: Renato Dias Baptista
Banca: Antonio Lázaro Sant'Ana
Abstract: This study aimed to make an analysis of agrarian systems of the city of Palmital / SP, located in the center west region of São Paulo, more precisely in the Middle Paranapanema, through a historical context, landscape analysis and of existing studies on it. Then it was established the typology of farmers of the municipality and of production systems by them. Such an approach is based on a systemic approach, guided the premises of the diagnosis of agrarian systems tool. Defined typologies, the different forms of income generation of productive systems in that locality were established. Assuming the importance of equity in the maintenance and reproduction of agricultural production systems by means of multivariate statistical analysis (multiple regression model) were analyzed what are the factors that interfere positively or negatively in the agricultural income of farmers. Data collection for analysis was done through a survey form applied to a stratified sample of farmers, proportional (to the condition of the farm). All data collected are between the period August 2013 to July 2014. These results point allowed the transformation of agrarian systems of the study area and the presence of different types of farmers: employers and family, with diversification in these production systems, respectively; in cases in which it showed those factors that influence the result obtained in agricultural income positive or negative way. Anyway, enabling elaborate proposals for rural develop... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumo: Este estudo teve como principal objetivo fazer uma análise dos sistemas agrários do município de Palmital/SP, localizado na região centro oeste do estado de São Paulo, mais precisamente na região do Médio Paranapanema, por meio de uma contextualização histórica, da análise da paisagem e dos estudos existentes sobre este município. Em seguida se estabeleceu a tipologia dos produtores rurais de Palmital/SP e dos sistemas de produção por eles praticados. Tal abordagem está baseada em um enfoque sistêmico, pautadas nas premissas da ferramenta do diagnóstico de sistemas agrários. Definidas as tipologias, foram estabelecidas as distintas formas de geração de renda daqueles sistemas produtivos na referida localidade. Assumindo a importância da variável renda na manutenção e reprodução dos sistemas de produção agrícola, por meio de análise estatística multivariada (modelo de regressão múltiplo) foram identificados quais são os fatores que interferem positiva ou negativamente na renda agrícola dos produtores rurais. A coleta dos dados para análise foi feita por meio de um formulário de pesquisa aplicado a uma amostra de produtores rurais estratificada, proporcional à condição do estabelecimento rural. Todos os dados coletados estão compreendidos entre o período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram apontar as transformações dos sistemas agrários da região estudada bem como a presença de distintos tipos dos produtores rurais: patronais e familiares,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Bianchi, Vinícius Rafael [UNESP]. "Análise dos sistemas de produção dos estabelecimentos rurais do município de Palmital/SP em busca de estratégias para o desenvolvimento rural". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132382.
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Este estudo teve como principal objetivo fazer uma análise dos sistemas agrários do município de Palmital/SP, localizado na região centro oeste do estado de São Paulo, mais precisamente na região do Médio Paranapanema, por meio de uma contextualização histórica, da análise da paisagem e dos estudos existentes sobre este município. Em seguida se estabeleceu a tipologia dos produtores rurais de Palmital/SP e dos sistemas de produção por eles praticados. Tal abordagem está baseada em um enfoque sistêmico, pautadas nas premissas da ferramenta do diagnóstico de sistemas agrários. Definidas as tipologias, foram estabelecidas as distintas formas de geração de renda daqueles sistemas produtivos na referida localidade. Assumindo a importância da variável renda na manutenção e reprodução dos sistemas de produção agrícola, por meio de análise estatística multivariada (modelo de regressão múltiplo) foram identificados quais são os fatores que interferem positiva ou negativamente na renda agrícola dos produtores rurais. A coleta dos dados para análise foi feita por meio de um formulário de pesquisa aplicado a uma amostra de produtores rurais estratificada, proporcional à condição do estabelecimento rural. Todos os dados coletados estão compreendidos entre o período de agosto de 2013 a julho de 2014. Os resultados deste trabalho permitiram apontar as transformações dos sistemas agrários da região estudada bem como a presença de distintos tipos dos produtores rurais: patronais e familiares, com diversificação nos sistemas produtivos destes, respectivamente, e com casos em que se evidenciaram aqueles fatores que influenciavam no resultado obtido na renda agrícola de maneira positiva ou negativamente. Enfim, possibilitando elaborar propostas de desenvolvimento rural ao município de Palmital/SP.
This study aimed to make an analysis of agrarian systems of the city of Palmital / SP, located in the center west region of São Paulo, more precisely in the Middle Paranapanema, through a historical context, landscape analysis and of existing studies on it. Then it was established the typology of farmers of the municipality and of production systems by them. Such an approach is based on a systemic approach, guided the premises of the diagnosis of agrarian systems tool. Defined typologies, the different forms of income generation of productive systems in that locality were established. Assuming the importance of equity in the maintenance and reproduction of agricultural production systems by means of multivariate statistical analysis (multiple regression model) were analyzed what are the factors that interfere positively or negatively in the agricultural income of farmers. Data collection for analysis was done through a survey form applied to a stratified sample of farmers, proportional (to the condition of the farm). All data collected are between the period August 2013 to July 2014. These results point allowed the transformation of agrarian systems of the study area and the presence of different types of farmers: employers and family, with diversification in these production systems, respectively; in cases in which it showed those factors that influence the result obtained in agricultural income positive or negative way. Anyway, enabling elaborate proposals for rural development to the city of Palmital / SP.
Wives, Daniela Garcez. "Funcionamento e performance dos sistemas de produção da banana na microrregião do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14897.
Testo completoThe banana cultivation is configured as the most expressive commercial production of the Northern Coast Micro-region of Rio Grande do Sul, assuring almost all the state production. Such cultivation presents two different systems groups, based on distinct agricultural perspectives: conventional and ecological. It can be observed that the conventional system is based on premises that are highly impacting to the environment and to the society – which many authors call as the crisis of the conventional model – originating alternative agro-food networks, in which we can highlight the agro-ecologic based agriculture. Thus, this work tries to perform an analysis of the agro-ecologic based system economical performance and technical operation. Such analysis was performed taking in account the Mazoyer and Roudard approach. As a result, six production systems were found. These systems practice four distinct cultivation systems. In general, the technical indexes show that the ecological cultivation achieves a relatively higher efficiency than the conventional system (SP2, SP3), and the economical indexes show that it achieves an economical efficiency that is similar to the conventional system. They also raise evidences that its viability is strongly related to the commercialization of products in differentiated markets (face-to-face), with less intermediary consumption. Finally, it is possible to perceive that some key-characteristics of the ecological based agriculture concentrate on the production of differentiated food, tradition and on the capacity of re-socialize or re-localize the food, and give a new meaning to the place. These are important arguments to the understanding the relationship of these farmers with the locality.
Mota, Marcelo Crestani. "Comparação entre dados meteorológicos estimados e observados para utilização em modelos de estimativa da produtividade agrícola Marcelo". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3225.
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Dada a importância da soja para a economia brasileira e do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e a consequente necessidade de monitorar a safra agrícola, este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar os dados de variáveis meteorológicas geradas pelo modelo regional de previsão de tempo ETA e pelo sistema Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) em relação aos dados observados por estações meteorológicas convencionais no que tange a sua utilização em modelos agronômicos de monitoramento e estimativa da produtividade agrícola da soja no RS. Utilizaram-se dados observados compondo as variáveis precipitação pluvial, temperatura média do ar, radiação solar incidente, umidade relativa média do ar, e velocidade média do vento a 2 m, observados por estações meteorológicas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) os quais foram usados como referência para comparação com aqueles estimados pelo sistema TRMM (precipitação pluvial) e pelo modelo ETA (demais variáveis). Foram utilizadas três safras agrícolas (2006/07 a 2008/09) para comparação e geração de modelos de ajuste e as três safras subsequentes (2009/10 a 2011/12) para a validação. Para os dados de precipitação pluvial observaram-se altos coeficientes de correlação (r) entre os dados de precipitação pluvial do TRMM e do INMET para a maioria das safras, sendo que a precisão da estimativa foi pouco alterada por ocasião do ajuste dos dados pelo modelo matemático. Para as variáveis meteorológicas temperatura média do ar, radiação solar incidente e umidade relativa média do ar, observou-se, em geral, média correlação entre os dados estimados pelo modelo ETA e os observados pelo INMET. Além disso, a maioria dos dados melhorou substancialmente por ocasião da aplicação dos modelos matemáticos gerados. No que tange à variável média velocidade do vento a 2 m, as correlações entre os dados estimados pelo ETA e os observados pelas estações meteorológicas do INMET foram muito baixas.
Due to the importance of soybean crop for the Brazilian economy as well as for the Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) and the consequent need to monitor the crop yield conditions, this study aims to compare meteorological data generated by the regional weather forecast model ETA and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) system versus observed data by conventional weather stations regarding their use in agronomic models in order to monitor and estimate soybean crop yield in RS. It was used original or derived data from rainfall, average air temperature, downward short wave radiation, average relative air humidity, and 2-m average wind speed observed by weather stations from INMET as reference data to compared with those estimated by the TRMM system (rainfall) and the ETA model (for other variables). It was used three crop years (2006/07 to 2008/09) for comparison and generation of the adjustment models and the three subsequent crop years (2009/10 to 2010/11) for validation. Results showed high correlation (r) between rainfall data retrieved from TRMM and INMET for most crop years and the estimate accuracy was low altered after the adjustment by the mathematical model. In general, for average air temperature, downward short wave radiation, and average relative air humidity, results showed moderate correlation between ETA and INMET data. Moreover, the majority of the ETA data was improved when the mathematical models were applied. For 2-m average wind speed, results showed very low correlation between ETA and INMET data.
Michels, Roger Nabeyama. "Avaliação de um sistema de bombeamento de água alimentado por painéis fotovoltaicos". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2007. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/429.
Testo completoThe current dissertation describes an experiment to evaluate a water pumping system activated by two photovoltaic panels installed at The Federal Technological University of Paraná – UTFPR, Medianeira Campus, in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The city of Medianeira’s latitude and longitude are 25º17’43”south and 54º03’38”west respectively, with an altitude of 500.7 meters (1,642.72 feet). The system operated in a real working situation, pumping water to a 20 meters (65.62 feet) elevation. Data were collected, from February 2005 to November 2005, by means of a computerized data collector made by Campbell Scientific Inc that made possible collecting and applying irradiance values in the panel plane, generated current and tension, panel temperature, pressure and consume. Data readings were made at a 1-hertz frequency and stored every minute. Through calculi, the system efficiency and energy values and hydraulic strength were obtained. Winter solstice showed 9.58% efficiency with daily pumping of 2,056.44 liters (543.14 gallons) whereas summer solstice confirmed 9.07% efficiency with daily pumping of 2,377.21 liters (627.86 gallons). Winter day’s highest efficiency is associated to the lowest temperature in those days compared to summer days, and the factor that prompted larger pumped water consume, during summer days, was related to solar insulation time that is longer if compared to winter days. Total water pumped during the experiment period was 435,042.20 liters (114,900.99 Gallons)
Fernandez, Sarita Mercedes. "Da diversificação à especialização : origem e evolução dos sistemas produtivos de tabaco em Sobradinho/RS". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36389.
Testo completoThe present study as a main objective to evaluate the socioeconomic importance of the Fumiculture for the Familiar Agriculture of the region of Sobradinho, a country located in the Vale do Rio Pardo, State of the Rio Grande do Sul. The research dealt with the characterization of the agrarian space, showing the particularitities of the evolution process and differentiation of the local agriculture. In this sense, it was aimed of to observe the relation of the man with the nature using as a reference the systemic approach, more specifically the concept of agrarian system. The study found out the existence of an agriculture of familiar matrix of the colonial type, formed by a colonization process of European settlers beginning in the midst of 19th century. Initially with the emphasis of the diversification and great autonomy, this colonial agriculture gradually adopted the culture of the tobacco that quickly was changed into the main activity of income of the country. In this perspective, the current period is characterized for the great dependence of the income of the productive units generated by the specialized systems of Tobacco production, beyond the loss of autonomy of the families, where it was identified that the majority of the agricultulrists only produces the tobacco or tobacco and grains for commercialization, inverting the previous productive process diversified, based in the production and sales of nourishing products and for subsistence level.
Damasceno, Júnior Jackson Bouéres. "Estrutura fundiária e renda : uma análise a partir dos processos autóctones de ordenamento agrário e de produção". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172670.
Testo completoThis work has as central axis to understanding the different forms of State intervention, through public policies of agrarian reordering and its influence in the process of obtaining and using agricultural income. In this way, understanding even when public policies, specifically those aimed at agrarian reordering, must obey the local order. Since this order is constructed in such way as to meet the needs of these societies, bringing as a hypothesis of routing and solution the differentiation of the Policies taking into account social peculiarities. With the general objective of understanding how the different public policies aimed at rural development, specifically agrarian reordering policies, have influenced the process of income generation (agricultural and self-consumption) in cultural contexts and of diverse productive organization in three rural communities of the municipality of Presidente Juscelino/MA, being Boa Vista dos Pinhos, Juçaral dos Pretos and Folhal. The methodology used to carry out this work was initially the historical survey of the agrarian systems, with a view to understanding the agrarian and social structure in question, Later in another moment of the work, semistructured questionnaires were applied with the objective to obtaining qualitative and quantitative data on the process of generating monetary income. Self consumption, being found in this moment a new form of gains obtained through the organization and maintenance of the formal structure. Taking into account anthropological references was made reading of the process through the production of flour as a guiding axis and generator of the necessary conditions to generate development.
Frizo, Cesar Gonçalves Afonso. "Prospecção de obstáculos à bananicultura sustentável". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23042015-131454/.
Testo completoVale do Ribeira São Paulo is the main banana producing region of Brazil, it is an important area for biodiversity conservation, but also one of the poorest areas of the state. For that reason, new forms of banana cropping, more sustainable, such as organic agriculture for example, are necessary that be considered as a way to promote local development while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, it is essential that the main problems of the agrarian system in question are clearly known, in order to allow system improvements proposals that are well connected to reality. We discussed these issues, at the scale of region agricultural system, through analysis of data from the last agricultural census of Brazil, conducted by IBGE, for the prior construction of organic agriculture and organic fruit production panorama at the country. Subsequently we conducted 11 case studies which exemplify unique experiences of banana cropping in the region, these studies were combined with agronomic data collected in the first half of 2014, moreover we have done several interviews with key players of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system. We found that there is a trend towards the larger the area of properties, the higher proportion of certified organic practice. This data shows that, proportionally, the interest in organic certification is higher among large farms than among minors. Nonetheless, at Vale do Ribeira this trend is not observed, as the region organic banana farming is mainly a small and marginal farmers activity carried on, generally without a historical approach and knowledge of the organic movement. Besides there is the fact that the main sustainability constraints of Vale do Ribeira banana agricultural system are the lack of ecological means of fertility restoration, due to the undercapitalization faced by producers, and the imposition by the market, especially the city of São Paulo, to the cultivation of varieties highly susceptible to sigatoka. This problem could be overcome through means that facilitate the access of poor farmers to organic and ecological manure, and through greater union of producers, taking advantage of the organic market greater acceptance for unusual products, such as the resistant varieties of bananas, where the sales would be easier. Although, the situations of little information and integration of organic producers make these actions difficult.
Santos, Adílson Nascimento dos. "Assentamento rural e agricultura : os acertos, impasses e perspectivas no P. A. Corona, Ponta Porã (MS)". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22657.
Testo completoThe agriculture practiced by settled families, without supporting policies for sustainable agricultural development, may became harmless in poverty overcoming, in workforce occupation and in food production, making the rural settlements get empty. More than one million families were settled through the country over the last 30 years, only 3.3 thousand of them in Ponta Pora city, where the Corona Settlement is located, object of this study. What kind of agriculture are the settled families practicing, does it make possible overcoming poverty, staying on the field and contributing in food production for the whole society? This paper aims to propose an answer to these questions. From theoretical and methodological reference of the agrarian systems approaching were employed several techniques such as landscape reading, bibliographic and documental researching and interviews to characterize the natural resources and historical evolution and geographical differentiation of Ponta Pora’s agriculture and the region where is inserted Corona Settlement. Then, employing the technique of agricultural typology unit production, directed sampling, questionnaires application, interviews and indicators construction have been characterized, analyzed and compared the farming systems practiced by settled families. The town of Ponta Pora is located between a transition region of Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, on Paraguay’s Republic border. Throughout its history are made out four agrarian systems: the indigenous agriculture, the extractive farming, modern and conservative agriculture and nowadays, with rural settlements introduction, it’s possible that the agrarian system can be characterized as a new form of agriculture. In Corona Settlement were identified four types of farming systems practiced by families: one specialized in grains production for commodities agricultural market (soy and maize) dominated by multinational sector, specialized in milk production of regional cover dairy products marketing; diversified, that combine commodity production of grains and another annual farming with permanent tilling and several breedings systems (especially cattle-raising) and extended systems that practice an agriculture turned to subsistence and directly exploit a part of the plot and lease the rest to the neighbors. The economic indicators based on the agricultural year 2007/08 showed that the four farming systems practiced in the settlement allow families to continue living on agriculture. Before future sceneries grains specialized agricultural systems could endanger the continuity of families, as the running into debt degree, the leases’ dependence, the inputs purchase and credit needing will make impracticable the activity and lead to loss production means and land. Farmers who practice others farming systems have less chance to run into debt, then may reorganize the productive activity and adapt to possible adverse changes to cropping systems and breeding that they’re already practicing.
Olanda, Rosemeri Berguenmaier de. "Produção de sementes de trevo vesiculoso como alternativa econômica para os sistemas de produção em projeto de reforma agrária: o caso do Assentamento Novo Arroio Grande,Arroio Grande/RS". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2400.
Testo completoThe objective of this work was to evaluate the incorporate of arrow leaf clover cv. Yuchi for seed production in Nesting Novo Arroio Grande, Arroio Grande (RS) and the other benefits of the presence of this legume specie in agricultural and pasture system. This work was realized in seven production units where were identified three systems: beef cattle production, dairy cattle production and both. Were installed seven areas for seed production with approximately 0.25 ha. The forage production and quality were determined from cuts made in three replicates of 1.0m2 being quantified: the content and yield of dry matter, crude protein and in vitro digestibility. Phenological evaluations were made during the crop cycle and from the date of sowing these events were determined: first and sixth trifoliolade leaf, first branch, flowering start and full, and seed maturation. The yield components were evaluated such as number of plants for area, number of inflorescence for plant, number of inflorescence for area and thousand seed weight. Analysis of simple linear correlation were made between: the different yield components with seed production; the quantity of phosphor applied with yield seed, crude protein and dry matter production. The clover seed production including soil seed bank showed yield of 636 kg.ha-1 which creates an increase of 97% in the gain and showing as an alternative for nesting productions units. The forage production with high quality presents capability to change the reality of the production in agro-pastoral systems. Key Words: seed production, Trifolium vesiculosum, production systems, settlement, agrarian reform, diversified production.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a incorporação do trevo vesiculoso cv. Yuchi para produção de sementes no Assentamento Novo Arroio Grande, em Arroio Grande (RS), bem como os demais benefícios da presença desta leguminosa no sistema agropastoril. O trabalho foi realizado em sete unidades de produção, onde foram identificados três sistemas: produção de gado de corte, produção de gado de leite e misto. Foram instaladas sete áreas para produção de sementes com aproximadamente 0,25ha. A produção e a qualidade da forragem foram determinadas a partir de cortes realizados em três repetições de 1,0 m2 sendo quantificados: teor e rendimento de matéria seca, proteína bruta e digestibilidade in vitro. Avaliações fenológicas foram realizadas durante o ciclo do cultivo determinando-se a partir da data de semeadura os seguintes eventos: emergência, primeira folha trifoliolada, sexta folha trifoliolada, primeira ramificação, início e plena floração e colheita de sementes. Os componentes de rendimento avaliados foram: número de plantas por área; número de inflorescências por planta e por área e peso de mil sementes. Foram realizadas análises de correlação linear simples entre os diferentes componentes de rendimento com a produção de sementes; entre a quantidade de fósforo aplicado com o rendimento de sementes, a proteína bruta e a produção de massa seca. A produção de semente de trevo vesiculoso incluindo o banco de sementes no solo alcançou rendimento de 636 kg.ha-1, o que gerou incremento de renda de 97%, configurando-se como uma alternativa para unidades de produção de assentamentos; a produção de forragem com elevada qualidade apresenta potencialidade para alterar a realidade da produção dos sistemas agropastoris.
Pinto, Acacia Maria. "Descrição Morfológica do Sistema Digestório do Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825)". Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2017. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/690.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Reptiles are very important for the maintenance of the environment, being considered models for biological studies because they are easily observed, manipulated and captured. Tropidurus hispidus is the most abundant lizard species in caatinga and dry environments, being very common in Brazil. Their food habit consists mainly of invertebrates, however, they can ingest parts of vegetables. Due to their differentiated dietary habits and the lack of information related to the morphology of these animals, a study of the morphological characterization of the digestive tract of Tropidurus hispidus was proposed. Four animals of both sexes of the species Tropidurus hispidus from the Apodi-RN region were used. It is necessary an in-depth study to collect more data of this correlation, so that one has a better understanding of the digestive system of the Tropidurus hispidus. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to describe the morphological characterization of the digestive tract of Tropidurus hispidus. The animals were anesthetized and euthanized. The digestive tract was dissected, fixed in Metacarn and included in paraffin. Cuttings of 5 μm thickness were stained with H & E, Gomori trichrome, Mallory trichrome and alcian blue. The digestive system of Tropidurus hispidus has a tongue with cartilaginous structure both in its central part and in the lateral, the esophagus epithelium is the pseudostratified type ciliated with goblet cells, the stomach has presented the muscular layer is well developed both in the initial part Finally, the small intestine is longer than the large intestine, but layers that form the large intestine have characteristics similar to those of the small intestine. The liver had melanomagrophagous cells and the pancreas had no islets of Langerhans, all of these differences may be mainly related to the eating habits of these animals
Os répteis são muito importantes para a manuntenção do meio ambiente, sendo considerados modelos para estudos biológicos por serem facilmente observados, manuseados e capturados. Tropidurus hispidus é a espécie de lagarto mais abundante em regiões de caatingas e ambientes secos, sendo muito comum no Brasil. Seu hábito alimentar é constituído principalmente por invertebrados, no entanto, podem ingerir partes de vegetais. Devido ao seu hábito alimentar diferenciado e a carência de informações relacionadas à morfologia desses animais, foi proposto um estudo da caracterização morfológica do trato digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Foram utilizados 4 animais de ambos os sexos da espécie Tropidurus hispidus da região de Apodi-RN. Faz-se necessário um estudo aprofundado para coletar mais dados desta correlação, para que se tenha um melhor entendimento do sistema digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever a caracterização morfológica do trato digestório do Tropidurus hispidus. Os animais foram anestesiados e eutanaziados. O trato digestório foi dissecado, fixado em Metacarn e incluídos em parafina. Foram feitos cortes de 5 μm de espessura foram corados com H&E, tricromo de Gomori, tricromo de Mallory e azul de alcian. O sistema digestório do Tropidurus hispidus possui uma língua com estrutura cartilaginosa tanto na sua parte central como nas laterais, o epitélio do esôfago é do tipo pseudoestratificado ciliado com células caliciformes, o estômago apresentou a camada muscular é bem desenvolvida tanto na parte inicial como na parte final, o intestino delgado é mais longo que o intestino grosso, porém camadas que formam o intestino grosso têm características semelhantes às do intestino delgado. O fígado apresentou células melanomacrofagos e pâncreas não apresenta ilhotas de Langerhans, todas essas diferenças podem estar principalmente relacionado com o hábito alimentar desses animais
2017-05-16
Almeida, Fabricio Loureiro de. "Sistemas de produção integrados visando melhorar o ambiente de produção de soja no oeste paulista". Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2013. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/427.
Testo completoSoybean cultivation is extremely risky when you have soil conditions with low clay content, low water retention and irregular rains. Therefore maintenance of mulch can reduce the risks for the production of this culture so important for Brazilian agribusiness. Aiming at improving the qualities of the soil tillage system has been widely adopted in Brazil as having the benefit of maintaining ground cover, preservation or increase organic matter and improve the physical, chemical and biological soil. Within this context, the use of tropical forages in integrated crop and livestock farming livestock integration forest constitutes an excellent option for the production of straw and roots and thus improve the efficiency of water use in addition to improving the chemical characteristics and biological soil. This experiment consists of two chapters. Chapter I: Crop Rotations in different production systems to improve the environment of soybean cultivation in western São Paulo. Chapter II: Productivity of soybean in different positions between rows of eucalyptus in intercropping system. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area Campus II of the University of Western São Paulo in Presidente Prudente (SP) in an Ultisol, between May 2010 and March 2012. We tested five different systems in separate plots, with sizes ranging between 1.0 and 1.8 ha and a maximum distance of 500m between them. The systems were: 1) brachiaria / + Brachiaria eucalyptus / eucalyptus / soybean, 2) brachiaria / corn Brachiaria + / brachiaria / soybean, 3) peanut / brachiaria / soy / brachiaria / soybean; 4) Irrigated Pasture, 5) Witness pasture degraded. The results were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were subjected statistically by Tukey test at 5% probability.
O cultivo de soja é mais arriscado quando se tem condições de solo com baixos teores de argila, baixa retenção de água e chuvas irregulares. Portanto uma manutenção de cobertura morta pode diminuir os riscos para a produção dessa cultura. Visando essa melhoria nas qualidades do solo o sistema de semeadura direta tem sido amplamente adotado no Brasil tendo como beneficio a manutenção da cobertura do solo, preservação ou aumento da matéria orgânica e a melhoria das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. Dentro desse contexto, o emprego de forrageiras tropicais em sistemas de integração lavoura pecuária e integração lavoura pecuária floresta constitui-se uma excelente opção para a produção de palha e raízes e, dessa forma melhorar a eficiência de uso de água alem de melhorar as características químicas e biológicas do solo. Esse experimento consiste de dois capítulos. Capitulo I: Efeito dos sistemas de produção na qualidade do solo e na produtividade de soja no oeste paulista. Capitulo II: Produtividade de soja em diferentes posições entre renques de eucalipto em sistema consorciado. O experimento foi conduzido em área experimental do Campus II da Universidade do oeste paulista em Presidente Prudente (SP), em um Argissolo Vermelho, entre maio de 2010 e março de 2012. Foram testados cinco diferentes sistemas separados em talhões, com dimensões variando entre 1,0 e 1,8 ha e com distância máxima entre eles de 500m. Os sistemas foram: 1) braquiária/eucalipto+braquiária/eucalipto/soja;2)braquiária/milho+braquiária/braquiária/soja; 3)amendoim/braquiária/soja/braquiária/soja; 4)Pastagem irrigada; 5)Testemunha com pastagem degradada. Os resultados foram submetidos à analise de variância, e as médias foram submetidas estatisticamente pelo teste de Tukey, à 5 % de probabilidade.
Ziegler, Henrique Ricardo Souza. "Sustainability of Agroforestry Systems in semiarid of Cearà using local inputs". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13140.
Testo completoFor thousands of years, people have practiced different forms of agriculture, based mostly on the handling of materials available in their own land. Among these, we highlight the organic origin, that allow an improvement of soil quality and increased crop production. In this context, this dissertation presents a study of five years, from 2008 to 2012, of an Agroforestry System (AFS) for growing corn and beans intercropped with gliricidia and cashews, in conditions of northern coast of CearÃ. The (AFS), had four treatments: Testimony (A), under normal conditions the AFS; Dung (B), with the addition of 116 grams of sheep dung in the pit of corn and beans at planting time; Bagana (C), with addition of 16 tons of carnauba straw on the soil as mulch; and Dung + Bagana (D), which is a combination of treatments B and C. In addition to the experimental treatments, 10 local farmers were interviewed to develop the treatment (T) Regional Testimony (local production system). Two analyzes were performed comparing this 5 treatments: Productivity of the system and its Economic analysis. It was concluded that the AFS assists in fixing agriculture, avoiding the opening of new areas for cultivation, having succeeded to higher production levels than the obtained by local itinerant cultivation. Regarding the productivity, was noticed an increasing pattern from treatment T (lower middle), through A, to the D, which has always had the highest average productivity besides showing greater resilience to the effects of drought. The T and A treatments were not economically viable, with negative indicators. Whereas the B, C and D treatments proved feasible economically and financially, with the best indicators in treatment D. For this set of analyzes, the proposed AFS, especially the treatment D, presents itself as the most advantageous for the exploitation of agriculture in studied conditions.
Durante milhares de anos, diferentes povos tÃm praticado uma agricultura baseada no manejo dos materiais disponÃveis nas suas prÃprias terras. Dentre esses, podemos destacar os de origem orgÃnica, que possibilitam uma melhoria da qualidade do solo e um aumento da produtividade vegetal. Nesse contexto, esta dissertaÃÃo apresenta um estudo sobre 5 anos, de 2008 à 2012, de um Sistema Agroflorestal (SAF) para cultivo de milho e feijÃo, consorciados com gliricÃdia e caju, nas condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas do litoral norte do CearÃ. O referido SAF, apresentou 4 tratamentos: Testemunho (A), em condiÃÃes normais do SAF; Esterco (B), com adiÃÃo de 116 gramas de esterco de ovelha na cova do milho e do feijÃo no momento do plantio; Bagana (C), com adiÃÃo de 16 toneladas de bagana de carnaÃba sobre o solo como cobertura morta; e o Esterco + Bagana (D), que à uma combinaÃÃo dos tratamentos B e C. AlÃm dos tratamentos experimentais, foram entrevistados 10 agricultores locais para elaborar o tratamento (T) Testemunho Regional (sistema de produÃÃo local). Foram realizados duas anÃlises comparando os 5 tratamentos: Produtividade do sistema e sua AnÃlise econÃmica. Concluiu-se que o SAF auxilia na fixaÃÃo da agricultura, evitando a abertura de novas Ãreas para cultivo, pois conseguiu nÃveis produtivos superiores aos obtidos pela agricultura itinerante local. Em relaÃÃo à produtividade, percebeu-se um padrÃo crescente desde o tratamento T (menores mÃdias), passando pelo A, atà o D, que apresentou sempre as maiores mÃdias de produtividade alÃm de apresentar uma maior resiliÃncia aos efeitos da seca. Os tratamentos T e A nÃo foram economicamente viÃveis, apresentando indicadores negativos. Jà os tratamentos B, C e D mostraram-se viÃvel econÃmica e financeiramente, com os melhores indicadores no tratamento D. Por esse conjunto de anÃlises, o SAF proposto, principalmente o tratamento D, se apresenta como o mais vantajoso para exploraÃÃo da agropecuÃria nas condiÃÃes estudadas.
Viana, Eduardo Borges. "Avalia??o da viabilidade de associa??o entre exames laboratoriais e a classifica??o da inflama??o pulmonar pela broncoscopia em equinos dom?sticos (Equus caballus) fisicamente h?gidos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/846.
Testo completoCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The number of equines that present some degree of inflammation of the lungs is high, although exists physically healthy animals that present some degree of airways inflammatory processes, in which precocious diagnosis would be only possible through more detailed exams. The aims of this work are: evaluate which exams could be related to the endoscopic classification of physically healthy animals; verify the relationship with the age; research levels of the parameters that can indicate tendencies of its increase or decrease and suggest an appropriated number of individuals. The samples were divided in 4 Categories of Analyses: evaluation of the effectiveness of the technique, groups of larger inclusion, groups of smaller inclusion and evaluation of the relationships between the percentiles inside of the Categories 2 and 3. The horses were accomplished through the following laboratorial exams: cytological, hematological, Pro Coagulant Activity (PCA), Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and Nitric Oxid (NO). The results revealed that: in relation to the analyses of PCA, only tests ex-life are appropriate. TNF suggests that the tests AD Lps and TT Lps must be used. NO didn't generate any conclusions. The results revealed that the following parameters could be used for future researches and diagnosis: recovered volume, number of cells / mL, percentile of linfocytes, cloud macrophages, giant macrophages, eosinophils, mastocytes, WBC, total plasmatic proteins, PCA ex-life TT, TNF AD Lps and TT Lps. The number of animals adapted for future experiments is of about 120, or 2 groups of 60 individuals. Finally, it is concluded that the dates observed in this present research are valid for the diagnosis of inflammations in the equines lungs .
O n?mero de casos de equinos que apresentam algum grau de inflama??o do aparelho respirat?rio ? extremamente alto, embora existam animais fisicamente h?gidos mas que podem apresentar algum grau de processo inflamat?rio de vias a?reas, cujo diagn?stico precoce s? seria poss?vel atrav?s de exames mais precisos. Os objetivos da presente pesquisa s?o: avaliar quais exames poderiam estar relacionados ? classifica??o endosc?pica de animais fisicamente h?gidos; verificar a rela??o com a idade; pesquisar n?veis dos par?metros avaliados que possam indicar tend?ncias de seu aumento ou diminui??o e sugerir um n?mero m?nimo apropriado de animais. As amostras foram divididas em 4 Categorias de An?lises: avalia??o da efic?cia da t?cnica, grupos de abrang?ncia maior, grupos de abrang?ncia menor e avalia??o das rela??es percentuais dentro das Categorias 2 e 3. Foram realizados os seguintes exames laboratoriais: citol?gico, hematol?gico, Atividade pro coagulante (APC), Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF) e ?xido N?trico (NO). Os resultados revelaram que: em rela??o ?s an?lises de APC, somente testes exvivo s?o apropriados. Para o TNF, sugere-se que os testes AD Lps e TT Lps sejam utilizados. O NO, n?o gerou conclus?es. A pesquisa demonstrou ainda que os seguintes par?metros poderiam ser utilizados para pesquisas futuras e apoio diagn?stico: volume recuperado, n?mero de c?lulas por microlitro, percentuais de linf?citos, macr?fagos espumosos, macr?fagos em sinc?cios, eosin?filos, mast?citos, leucometria global, prote?nas plasm?ticas totais, APC ex-vivo TT, TNF AD Lps e TT Lps. O n?mero de animais apropriados para experimentos futuros ? de cerca de 120, ou 2 grupos de 60 indiv?duos. Concluise que os dados observados na presente pesquisa s?o v?lidos para o aux?lio diagn?stico de inflama??es no aparelho respirat?rio de equinos.
Trindade, Daniel de Castro. "Influ?ncia do sistema renina-angiotensina perif?rico e central no desenvolvimento de insufici?ncia card?aca em ratos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/895.
Testo completoThe myocardial infarction was induced in rats by the permanent occlusion of left coronary artery in two different parts. In the first, infarcted rats were treated (CAPoral, 2g/L water) or not (INF) with oral captopril immediately after infarct and the whole experiment (21 days). In the second part, the infarcted rats were treated with captopril (CAPicv, 2 ?L 25 mg/mL/ 12-12 hours) or saline (SAL) intracerebroventricular (icv) during five consecutive days. The functional assessments were performed by electro (ECG) and echocardiogram before and after the experiment. The behavior study of water or hypertonic saline ingestion was performed in individual metabolic cages during the whole period of icv injections. The post-mortem assessment was performed in the end of each part. The ECG recorded from INF, CAPoral, SAL and CAPicv showed similar and indicative values of large myocardial infarction: decrease of QRS index amplitude, presence of Q wave in D1 and rightward deviation of the QRS axis. The main differences in the end of the treatment between INF and CAPoral groups were the prevention of P wave increase and attenuation in rightward deviation of the QRS axis in CAPoral. In the second part, there were no significant differences in ECG exam between infarcted groups. The ECO performed in the first part showed attenuation of the left atrial and ventricular dilatation, ejection fraction improvement and normalization of left ventricular filling only in CAPoral group. In the second part, ECO also showed that captopril treatment induced significative attenuation of left ventricular dilatation and improvement of ventricular filling similarly as captopril treatment by oral route. The study of fluids ingestion showed that CAPicv group exhibited less water ingestion if compared to SAL group. The hypertonic saline ingestion was not different between SAL and CAPicv groups. CAPoral group exhibited smaller scar tissue if compared to INF group. On the other hand, CAPicv group showed similar infarcted area to SAL group in histological study.
O infarto do mioc?rdio foi induzido em ratos pela oclus?o permanente da art?ria coron?ria esquerda em duas diferentes etapas. Na primeira, os ratos infartados foram tratados (CAPoral, 2g/L ?gua) ou n?o (INF) com captopril por via oral imediatamente ap?s o infarto e durante todo per?odo do experimento (21 dias). Na segunda etapa, os ratos infartados foram tratados com captopril (CAPicv, 2 ?L 25mg/mL/ 12-12 horas) ou salina (SAL) intracerebroventricular (icv) durante cinco dias consecutivos. As avalia??es funcionais foram realizadas por eletrocardiograma (ECG) e ecocardiografia (ECO) antes e ao final do experimento. O estudo comportamental de ingest?o de ?gua ou salina hipert?nica foi realizado em gaiolas metab?licas individuais durante todo per?odo de inje??es icv. A avalia??o post-mortem foi realizada no final de cada etapa. Os ECGs dos grupos INF, CAPoral, SAL e CAPicv apresentaram valores similares e indicativos de presen?a de infarto extenso do mioc?rdio como: diminui??o da amplitude do ?ndice QRS, presen?a de onda Q em D1 e desvio do vetor QRS para direita. As principais diferen?as ao final do tratamento entre os grupos INF e CAPoral foram a preven??o do aumento da onda P no grupo CAPoral e a atenua??o do desvio do vetor QRS para direita. Em rela??o aos animais da segunda etapa, n?o houve diferen?as significativas entre os grupos. No ECO realizado na primeira etapa, o grupo CAPoral mostrou atenua??o das dilata??es do ?trio e ventr?culo esquerdos, melhora na fra??o de eje??o e normaliza??o do padr?o de enchimento ventricular analisados pela t?cnica de Doppler. Na segunda etapa, o ECO mostrou que o tratamento com captopril promoveu redu??o significativa da dilata??o do ventr?culo esquerdo e melhora do enchimento ventricular. O estudo da ingest?o de fluidos mostrou que o grupo CAPicv apresentou menor ingest?o de ?gua quando comparado ao grupo SAL. O consumo de salina hipert?nica n?o foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos SAL e CAPicv. O grupo CAPoral apresentou menor tamanho de infarto quando comparado ao grupo INF, o que n?o foi observado no grupo CAPicv, que apresentou tamanho de infarto similar ao grupo SAL no estudo histol?gico.
Otto, Rodrigo Bueno. "Sistema supervisório de unidades de microgeração de energia elétrica: o caso da geração de eletricidade com o biogás". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/788.
Testo completoThe generating units form a distributed power generator system that uses biogas as fuel, this biogas is produced on small farms that collect the waste from agricultural activities systems. The supervisory system of the biogas generation units can monitor local and remote environmental, electrical and mechanical variables of the process and display this data in a user-friendly interface for analysis and decision making. In addition to providing an user interface, the data collected will be stored to build the process history and analysis database that will serve as a study source and promotion of new research lines related to this topic.
As unidades geradoras formam um sistema distribuído de geração de energia que utiliza como combustível o biogás produzido em pequenas propriedades rurais, oriundos dos resíduos da atividade agropecuária. O sistema supervisório de unidades de geração a biogás é capaz de monitorar de forma local e remota as variáveis ambientais, elétricas e mecânicas do processo e disponibilizar estes dados em uma interface amigável para a análise e tomada de decisão. Além de disponibilizar em uma tela, esses dados coletados alimentam um banco de dados para acúmulo do histórico e análise do processo, que servirá como fonte de estudos e fomento de novas linhas de pesquisas futuras relacionadas ao tema de interesse
Veloso, Gustavo Vieira. "Automação do sistema de direção de uma colhedora de café". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3656.
Testo completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Coffee is one of the most important products exported by Brazil, it is responsible for many employments, and keeps a positive balance of trade, as well. The harvest is the most complex and expensive operation on grain production process, principally in relation to the labor. As a result, it is increasing the necessity of mechanizing.There are three types of harvest: manual, semi-manual and mechanical. The mechanical coffee harvesting decreases the labor necessary on the process, which causes reduction of production costs. However, there is not fully executable solution for mechanical harvesting in mountainous region. For this reason, the costs related to the manual harvesting are transferred to the consumers in these regions. In order to reduce the harvesting costs, many researches have been developed to adjust coffee harvesters to this type of relief. The biggest obstacles are the risk of coffee harvester tipping and the difficult to maneuver the machine.Therefore, it is necessary to build a machinery system adapted to the terrain slope and it will demand an innovative steering wheel system. The concept of automatic vehicle guidance has already happened in other types of monocrops, using electronic components associated to the agricultural machinery. All machine control systems are connected to the central command, which applies algorithms stored in the memory, to perform pre-established tasks by the operator. For example, functions of the machine such as guidance and control on the harvesting area. For this reason, there are PLC systems (Programmable Logic Controller) that use microcontrollers to control the guidance systems of agricultural machinery. Among the microcontrollers systems, the Arduino platform is highlighted due to its low cost of components and simplicity of programming language. The main objective of this work was to develop two control systems to the coffee harvester guidance, based on PCL system and Arduino platform. Both systems were evaluated and compared in laboratory. The systems were assembled in the coffee harvester and potentiometric sensors were used to control the steering wheel. The steering wheel angle run from algorithm was the criterion used to evaluate the developed system. This study considered two movements of the machine. The first was realized with tires in parallel while the second was with tires in curvilinear motion. It was considered twelve angles of execution to the parallel system motion and to the curvilinear motion was considered eight angles of execution. The entire random delineation was applied with four replications to the parallel motion and five to the curvilinear motion. Both steering wheel systems were compared through their results in each tire and motion (parallel and curvilinear). The steering wheel systems of coffee harvesters were developed and the results showed great accuracy for both systems, as much to the parallel motion as to all tires. The systems obtained great precision and were practically equals statistically on the curvilinear motion. However, the PLC system was more accurate than the Arduino system.
O café é um dos principais itens de exportação do Brasil, como um dos líderes na balança comercial, e responsável por gerar um grande número de empregos. A colheita é a operação mais complexa e dispendiosa dentro do processo produtivo deste grão, principalmente em relação à mão de obra. Assim, cada vez mais, se faz necessário mecanizar esse processo. A colheita pode ser realizada de três formas: a manual, a semi- mecanizada e a mecanizada. A mecanização da coleta do café promove a diminuição da mão-de-obra necessária, que incorre na redução dos custos de produção. Entretanto, não há uma solução plenamente executável para a mecanização da colheita do café em regiões montanhosas. Assim sendo, os altos custos associados com a colheita manual, nestas regiões, são repassados ao consumidor. Para reduzir os custos da colheita, pesquisas estão sendo realizadas para o desenvolvimento de colhedoras adaptadas para este tipo de relevo. O grande empecilho está relacionado à manobrabilidade e ao risco de tombamento da colhedora. Assim, há a necessidade da construção de um sistema de máquina adaptado à declividade do terreno, e isso irá demandar o desenvolvimento de um sistema de direção das rodas desta máquina em questão que seja inovador. Em outras monoculturas, o conceito de orientação automática já vem sendo realizado, com o uso de componentes eletrônicos associados com o maquinário agrícola. Todos os sistemas de controle da máquina são ligados uma central de comando. Por sua vez, a central utiliza algoritmos armazenados em sua memória, para executar funções preestabelecidas pelo operador. Como, por exemplo, a execução as funções de direção e controle da máquina na área de colheita. Para isso existem sistemas CLP (controlador lógico programável) que empregam microcontroladores responsáveis pelos controles dos sistemas de direção de máquinas agrícolas. Entre os sistemas microcontrolados, tem-se a plataforma Arduino, que vem ganhando força devido ao seu baixo custo de aquisição dos componentes e a simplicidade de programação. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho foi desenvolver dois sistemas de controle da direção de uma colhedora de café para regiões montanhosas, com base em CLP e Arduino. Os dois sistemas de controle da colhedora foram avaliados e comparados em laboratório. Os sistemas foram montados na colhedora de café, e foram utilizados sensores potenciométricos para controlar a direção das rodas. O ângulo de esterçamento das rodas executado a partir de do algoritmo foi o critério utilizado para avaliação dos sistemas desenvolvidos. Durante o estudo foram considerados dois tipos de movimentos da máquina. O primeiro foi realizado com as rodas em paralelo, enquanto o segundo com as rodas em movimento curvilíneo. Para o sistema de movimentação em paralelo, foram considerados doze (12) ângulos de execução e para o sistema em movimento curvilíneo, foram considerados oito (8) ângulos de execução. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado foi aplicado na realização desse estudo, com quatro repetições para a movimentação em paralelo e cinco repetições para o curvilíneo. Para os dois sistemas foram feitas validações, sendo comparados os resultados em cada roda e em cada movimento (paralelo e curvilíneo). Os resultados mostraram uma grande exatidão para os dois sistemas desenvolvidos, quanto ao movimento em paralelo, para todas as rodas. Sendo que, o sistema CLP foi mais preciso que o sistema Arduino. Para o movimento curvilíneo, os dois sistemas apresentaram grande exatidão, praticamente iguais estatisticamente. Os resultados nos movimento em paralelo mostram que o sistema CLP e mais preciso que o sistema Arduino, sendo mais recomendado para aplicação na colhedora. Para o movimento em curvilíneo não ouve diferença estatística, assim poderá ser usado qual um dos dois sistemas.