Articoli di riviste: "Agents behaviour"

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Sitanskiy, Stanislav, Laura Sebastia e Eva Onaindia. "Behaviour recognition of planning agents using Behaviour Trees". Procedia Computer Science 176 (2020): 878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.083.

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Lunze, Jan. "Transient Behaviour of Synchronised Agents". at - Automatisierungstechnik 60, n. 7 (luglio 2012): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/auto.2012.1012.

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Ab Aziz, Azizi, e Mohamad Farif Jemili. "Conceptual Design of a Socially Intelligent Agent with Triadic Empathy and Theory of Mind for Mental Health Support". Journal of Human Centered Technology 1, n. 1 (6 febbraio 2022): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/humentech.v1n1.12.

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For socially intelligent agents to become a fully digital therapist to support individual with mental health problem in the future, they need to know how to socially interact with humans. One of the key ingredients to allow this skill to take place is an ability to exhibit empathic behaviours. Despite a number of socially intelligent agents were build with empathic behaviour, they only cover single empathy behaviour, contrary to more complex triadic empathic behaviours. In this article, the conceptual design and model to implement triadic empathy in socially intelligent agents is presented.

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Zeghache, Linda, Nadjib Badache, Michel Hurfin e Izabela Moise. "Reliable mobile agents with transactional behaviour". International Journal of Communication Networks and Distributed Systems 13, n. 1 (2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcnds.2014.063977.

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Smith, J. Barry, e Shlomo Weber. "Rent-seeking behaviour of retaliating agents". Public Choice 61, n. 2 (maggio 1989): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00115661.

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Johnson, Susan C. "Detecting agents". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, n. 1431 (21 febbraio 2003): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1237.

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This paper reviews a recent set of behavioural studies that examine the scope and nature of the representational system underlying theory–of–mind development. Studies with typically developing infants, adults and children with autism all converge on the claim that there is a specialized input system that uses not only morphological cues, but also behavioural cues to categorize novel objects as agents. Evidence is reviewed in which 12– to 15–month–old infants treat certain non–human objects as if they have perceptual/attentional abilities, communicative abilities and goal–directed behaviour. They will follow the attentional orientation of an amorphously shaped novel object if it interacts contingently with them or with another person. They also seem to use a novel object's environmentally directed behaviour to determine its perceptual/attentional orientation and object–oriented goals. Results from adults and children with autism are strikingly similar, despite adults' contradictory beliefs about the objects in question and the failure of children with autism to ultimately develop more advanced theory–of–mind reasoning. The implications for a general theory–of–mind development are discussed.

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GOYAL, MADHU. "ATTITUDE CYCLE FOR PROBLEM SOLVING TEAMS IN A DYNAMIC WORLD". International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 13, n. 04 (dicembre 2004): 945–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213004001910.

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In this paper, a mental attribute called attitude is introduced and its importance in agent problem solving is discussed. It presents the various properties of agents describing how the attitudes of the agents affect the behavior of the agents. The paper also discusses how the attitudes could be described computationally in terms of various attributes. This paper formalizes the team as a collective abstract attitude of participating agents. This concept especially has been very useful in formalising the behaviour of complex teams. The team model grounds the team attitude as the individual attitude of its member agents, which in turn is further divided into the attitudes and behaviours towards the various team attributes. In this paper a team problem solving methodology is also presented, which has the notion attitude and team cycle as its core to allow robust and coherent team behavior. It also shows how these various attitudes ultimately result into various team behaviors in a fire world. The application and implementation of this methodology to a virtual fire-fighting domain has revealed a promising prospect in developing problem solving team agents.

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Stoecker, Ralf. "Agents in Action". Grazer Philosophische Studien 61, n. 1 (1 giugno 2001): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756735-061001004.

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I offer a justification for the received view that the characteristic feature of agents is to be found in the particular way their behaviour is explainable. Agents are people who have acquired three skills: (i) to act in accordance with inner or public deliberation; (ii) to do many things almost as if they had deliberated; and (iii) to recognize situations where it is worthwhile to switch from the second to the first skill. We can therefore assume that agents behave as if they were accompanying their behaviour by constant thinking although they don't actually deliberate all the time. This view allows for some attractive solutions for notorious problems in action theory but has the surprising ontological consequence that, although there are agents in action, there are no actions.

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ShreeJain, Bhagya, Sagar Chandrakar e Shrikant Tiwari. "Steering Behaviour for Computer based Intelligent Agents". International Journal of Computer Applications 89, n. 13 (26 marzo 2014): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/15694-4580.

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Uhlendorf, Volkmar, Frank-Detlef Scholle e Michael Reinhardt. "Acoustic behaviour of current ultrasound contrast agents". Ultrasonics 38, n. 1-8 (marzo 2000): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-624x(99)00128-6.

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AR, Nannar. "Review on Pharmaceutical Gelling Agents". Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 8, n. 1 (2 febbraio 2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000266.

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Topical gels are semisolid solutions with a liquid phase contained inside a three-dimensional polymeric matrix composed of gum, which can be synthetic or natural and has a high degree of cross-linking, either chemically or physically. Topical gels' behaviour in the midst of liquid and solid components makes them a great option for a variety of applications. Topical gels have garnered a lot of attention recently since scientists in industry, research and development, education, drug control administration, and professional domains are interested in this issue. The purpose of this page is to go over the classification and preparation methods for topical gels, as well as their most recent advancements. A separate section covers the application of hydrogel in drug delivery systems. Classification, preparation methodology, and assessment criteria receive special attention.

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Fernandes, Pedro M., Manuel Lopes e Rui Prada. "Persona Agents from Playtraces and Emotion". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 19, n. 1 (6 ottobre 2023): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v19i1.27517.

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This paper proposes a novel pipeline for generating agents that simulate player behaviour. By clustering player traces and using evolutionary algorithms to evolve parametric agents to best represent those clusters, our pipeline creates persona agents that represent the behavioural space of players. We here propose clustering playtraces based on behaviour, emotional experience and a mixture of both. We implement the pipeline on a test bed game and using 182 collected player traces with both behavioural and emotional information, we demonstrate that our persona agents can generate diverse player-like behaviour both in the level used to evolve them but also in a previously unseen level. We further find that using emotional information leads to better behavioural coverage on both levels. Although on its early stages, our approach offers a new perspective on how game developers and testers can gather insights on player behaviour without having to rely on extensive user testing.

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Ssali, Sarah, Glenn Wagner, Christopher Tumwine, Annette Nannungi e Harold Green. "HIV Clients as Agents for Prevention: A Social Network Solution". AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/815823.

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HIV prevention efforts to date have not explored the potential for persons living with HIV to act as change agents for prevention behaviour in their social networks. Using egocentric social network analysis, this study examined the prevalence and social network correlates of prevention advocacy behaviours (discussing HIV in general; encouraging abstinence or condom use, HIV testing, and seeking HIV care) enacted by 39 HIV clients in Uganda. Participants engaged in each prevention advocacy behaviour with roughly 50–70% of the members in their network. The strongest determinant of engaging in prevention advocacy with more of one’s network members was having a greater proportion of network members who knew one’s HIV seropositive status, as this was associated with three of the four advocacy behaviours. These findings highlight the potential for PLHA to be key change agents for HIV prevention within their networks and the importance of HIV disclosure in facilitating prevention advocacy.

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Amitai, Yotam, e Ofra Amir. "“I Don’t Think So”: Summarizing Policy Disagreements for Agent Comparison". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, n. 5 (28 giugno 2022): 5269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20463.

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With Artificial Intelligence on the rise, human interaction with autonomous agents becomes more frequent. Effective human-agent collaboration requires users to understand the agent's behavior, as failing to do so may cause reduced productivity, misuse or frustration. Agent strategy summarization methods are used to describe the strategy of an agent to users through demonstrations. A summary's objective is to maximize the user's understanding of the agent's aptitude by showcasing its behaviour in a selected set of world states. While shown to be useful, we show that current methods are limited when tasked with comparing between agents, as each summary is independently generated for a specific agent. In this paper, we propose a novel method for generating dependent and contrastive summaries that emphasize the differences between agent policies by identifying states in which the agents disagree on the best course of action. We conducted user studies to assess the usefulness of disagreement-based summaries for identifying superior agents and conveying agent differences. Results show disagreement-based summaries lead to improved user performance compared to summaries generated using HIGHLIGHTS, a strategy summarization algorithm which generates summaries for each agent independently.

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Lin, Patrick K. F., e Lidia Suárez. "The Effect of Supernatural Priming on Cheating Behaviour". Religions 11, n. 6 (26 giugno 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11060315.

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Research has shown that the mental activation of concepts related to supernatural agents (e.g., God, ghost) is capable of altering one’s moral behaviours. Based on the supernatural monitoring hypothesis, two experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of priming on cheating behaviour using undergraduate participants from Singapore. The results of the first experiment showed that participants who were primed with the concepts of God and ghost via a word-scramble task cheated less in a mathematical task than participants exposed to neutral primes. The second experiment showed that the activation of God and ghost concepts via a supraliminal priming method reduced the participants’ cheating in a riddle game, even when the participants were informed that they would be rewarded monetarily for correctly answering the riddles. The results suggested that the mental activation of supernatural agents could reduce cheating behaviour regardless of the presence or absence of explicit belief in supernatural agents.

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Kontogiorgos, Dimosthenis, Andre Pereira e Joakim Gustafson. "Grounding behaviours with conversational interfaces: effects of embodiment and failures". Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 15, n. 2 (24 marzo 2021): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12193-021-00366-y.

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AbstractConversational interfaces that interact with humans need to continuously establish, maintain and repair common ground in task-oriented dialogues. Uncertainty, repairs and acknowledgements are expressed in user behaviour in the continuous efforts of the conversational partners to maintain mutual understanding. Users change their behaviour when interacting with systems in different forms of embodiment, which affects the abilities of these interfaces to observe users’ recurrent social signals. Additionally, humans are intellectually biased towards social activity when facing anthropomorphic agents or when presented with subtle social cues. Two studies are presented in this paper examining how humans interact in a referential communication task with wizarded interfaces in different forms of embodiment. In study 1 (N = 30), we test whether humans respond the same way to agents, in different forms of embodiment and social behaviour. In study 2 (N = 44), we replicate the same task and agents but introduce conversational failures disrupting the process of grounding. Findings indicate that it is not always favourable for agents to be anthropomorphised or to communicate with non-verbal cues, as human grounding behaviours change when embodiment and failures are manipulated.

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Yang, Guo Wei, e Wei Liu. "Some Motion Models of Artificial Animals and Momentarily Continously Switching of the Models". Key Engineering Materials 467-469 (febbraio 2011): 1012–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.467-469.1012.

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Some local motion models of artificial animals and a method momentarily continuously to switch the models are given. A society behaviour system of artificial fishes based on the way and method is exploited, which can exhibit life behaviours and intelligence of animals. How momentarily continuously to switch the motion models of animated agents in the system is better settled. The system can illimitably generalizedly circularly run and has good man-computer interaction. Moreover the appearance, motion and behaviour of the animals in the system are lifelike and convinced. There are not bad visions such as ‘mutation’, ‘suddenly disappearring’, ‘jumpiness’of animated agents.

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Yang, Guo Wei, e Yang Yang. "Motion Models of Artificial Animals and Momentarily Continously Switching of the Models". Applied Mechanics and Materials 39 (novembre 2010): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.39.295.

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Abstract (sommario):

Some local motion models of artificial animals and a method momentarily continuously to switch the models are given. A society behaviour system of artificial fishes based on the way and method is exploited, which can exhibit life behaviours and intelligence of animals. How momentarily continuously to switch the motion models of animated agents in the system is better settled. The system can illimitably generalizedly circularly run and has good man-computer interaction. Moreover the appearance, motion and behaviour of the animals in the system are lifelike and convinced. There are not bad visions such as ‘mutation’, ‘suddenly disappearring’, ‘jumpiness’of animated agents.

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Ingram, Branden, Clint Van Alten, Richard Klein e Benjamin Rosman. "Creating Diverse Play-Style-Centric Agents through Behavioural Cloning". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 19, n. 1 (6 ottobre 2023): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v19i1.27521.

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Developing diverse and realistic agents in terms of behaviour and skill is crucial for game developers to enhance player satisfaction and immersion. Traditional game design approaches involve hand-crafted solutions, while learning game-playing agents often focuses on optimizing for a single objective, or play-style. These processes typically lack intuitiveness, fail to resemble realistic behaviour, and do not encompass a diverse spectrum of play-styles at varying levels of skill. To this end, our goal is to learn a set of policies that exhibit diverse behaviours or styles while also demonstrating diversity in skill level. In this paper, we propose a novel pipeline, called PCPG (Play-style-Centric Policy Generation), which combines unsupervised play-style identification and policy learning techniques to generate a diverse set of play-style-centric agents. The agents generated by the pipeline can effectively capture the richness and diversity of gameplay experiences in multiple video game domains, showcasing identifiable and diverse play-styles at varying levels of proficiency.

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Dunne, P. E. "Extremal Behaviour in Multiagent Contract Negotiation". Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 23 (1 gennaio 2005): 41–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1526.

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We examine properties of a model of resource allocation in which several agents exchange resources in order to optimise their individual holdings. The schemes discussed relate to well-known negotiation protocols proposed in earlier work and we consider a number of alternative notions of ``rationality'' covering both quantitative measures, e.g. cooperative and individual rationality and more qualitative forms, e.g. Pigou-Dalton transfers. While it is known that imposing particular rationality and structural restrictions may result in some reallocations of the resource set becoming unrealisable, in this paper we address the issue of the number of restricted rational deals that may be required to implement a particular reallocation when it is possible to do so. We construct examples showing that this number may be exponential (in the number of resources m), even when all of the agent utility functions are monotonic. We further show that k agents may achieve in a single deal a reallocation requiring exponentially many rational deals if at most k-1 agents can participate, this same reallocation being unrealisable by any sequences of rational deals in which at most k-2 agents are involved.

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Mann, Richard P., e Roman Garnett. "The entropic basis of collective behaviour". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, n. 106 (maggio 2015): 20150037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2015.0037.

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We identify a unique viewpoint on the collective behaviour of intelligent agents. We first develop a highly general abstract model for the possible future lives these agents may encounter as a result of their decisions. In the context of these possibilities, we show that the causal entropic principle , whereby agents follow behavioural rules that maximize their entropy over all paths through the future, predicts many of the observed features of social interactions among both human and animal groups. Our results indicate that agents are often able to maximize their future path entropy by remaining cohesive as a group and that this cohesion leads to collectively intelligent outcomes that depend strongly on the distribution of the number of possible future paths. We derive social interaction rules that are consistent with maximum entropy group behaviour for both discrete and continuous decision spaces. Our analysis further predicts that social interactions are likely to be fundamentally based on Weber's law of response to proportional stimuli, supporting many studies that find a neurological basis for this stimulus–response mechanism and providing a novel basis for the common assumption of linearly additive ‘social forces’ in simulation studies of collective behaviour.

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Tissera, Pablo Cristian, Alicia Castro, A. Marcela Printista e Emilio Luque. "Evacuation Simulation Supporting High Level Behaviour-based Agents". Procedia Computer Science 18 (2013): 1495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.05.317.

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Fernandez-Leon, Jose A. "Evolving experience-dependent robust behaviour in embodied agents". Biosystems 103, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.09.010.

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Cebelledo Gutierrez, Edgar Omar, e Olga de Troyer. "Dialogue and social behaviour of agents in games". Computer Games Journal 3, n. 1 (marzo 2014): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03392355.

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Costantini, Stefania. "Ensuring trustworthy and ethical behaviour in intelligent logical agents". Journal of Logic and Computation 32, n. 2 (25 gennaio 2022): 443–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exab091.

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Abstract Autonomous intelligent agents are employed in many applications upon which the life and welfare of living beings and vital social functions may depend. Therefore, agents should be trustworthy. A priori certification techniques (i.e. techniques applied prior to system’s deployment) can be useful, but are not sufficient for agents that evolve, and thus modify their epistemic and belief state, and for open multi-agent systems, where heterogeneous agents can join or leave the system at any stage of its operation. In this paper, we propose/refine/extend dynamic (runtime) logic-based self-checking techniques, devised in order to be able to ensure agents’ trustworthy and ethical behaviour.

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Brown, Rebecca C. H., e Julian Savulescu. "Responsibility in healthcare across time and agents". Journal of Medical Ethics 45, n. 10 (20 giugno 2019): 636–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105382.

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It is unclear whether someone’s responsibility for developing a disease or maintaining his or her health should affect what healthcare he or she receives. While this dispute continues, we suggest that, if responsibility is to play a role in healthcare, the concept must be rethought in order to reflect the sense in which many health-related behaviours occur repeatedly over time and are the product of more than one agent. Most philosophical accounts of responsibility are synchronic and individualistic; we indicate here what paying more attention to the diachronic and dyadic aspects of responsibility might involve and what implications this could have for assessments of responsibility for health-related behaviour.

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Pilik, Michal, Petr Klimek, Eva Jurickova e Premysl Palka. "Comparison Shopping Agents and Czech Online Customers’ Shopping Behaviour". International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 4, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2016): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijek-2016-0014.

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Abstract The internet has changed the lifestyles and shopping behaviours of customers. Online purchasing enables people to obtain information about products and services provided more effectively and easily, with the result that home shopping has become ordinary and usual. This paper presents part of a research focusing on online shopping customers’ behaviour in the Czech Republic. The article pertains to comparison shopping agents (CPAs), a tool which provides information to customers and helps find the best offer. The research was conducted on the basis of an online questionnaire available on an internet web page. The main results confirmed a dependency between online purchasing and the use of shopping agents, which are very popular in the Czech Republic. Almost two-thirds of online shoppers use CPAs when they engage in internet shopping. The final part of the paper addresses references and customers’ reviews as an important factor for the selection of online retailer.

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Sajid, Noor, Panagiotis Tigas e Karl Friston. "Active inference, preference learning and adaptive behaviour". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1261, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1261/1/012020.

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Abstract The ability to adapt to a changing environment underwrites sentient behaviour e.g., wearing a raincoat when walking in the rain but removing it when indoors. In such instances, agents act to satisfy some preferred mode of behaviour that leads to predictable states necessary for survival, i.e., states that are characteristic of that agent. In this chapter, we describe how active inference agents, equipped with preference learning, can exhibit these distinct behavioural modes – influenced by environment dynamics – to aptly trade-off between preference satisfaction and exploration. We validate this in a modified OpenAI Gym FrozenLake environment (without any extrinsic signal) with and without volatility under a fixed model of the environment. In a static (i.e., without volatility) environment, preference-learning agents accumulate confident (Bayesian) beliefs about their behaviour and act to satisfy them. In contrast, volatile dynamics led to preference uncertainty and exploratory behaviour. This demonstrates that active inference agents, equipped with preference learning, have the appropriate machinery to (i) engage in adaptive behaviour under appropriate levels of volatility, and (ii) learn context-dependent subjective preferences.

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Singh, Satpreet H., Floris van Breugel, Rajesh P. N. Rao e Bingni W. Brunton. "Emergent behaviour and neural dynamics in artificial agents tracking odour plumes". Nature Machine Intelligence 5, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2023): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00599-w.

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AbstractTracking an odour plume to locate its source under variable wind and plume statistics is a complex task. Flying insects routinely accomplish such tracking, often over long distances, in pursuit of food or mates. Several aspects of this remarkable behaviour and its underlying neural circuitry have been studied experimentally. Here we take a complementary in silico approach to develop an integrated understanding of their behaviour and neural computations. Specifically, we train artificial recurrent neural network agents using deep reinforcement learning to locate the source of simulated odour plumes that mimic features of plumes in a turbulent flow. Interestingly, the agents’ emergent behaviours resemble those of flying insects, and the recurrent neural networks learn to compute task-relevant variables with distinct dynamic structures in population activity. Our analyses put forward a testable behavioural hypothesis for tracking plumes in changing wind direction, and we provide key intuitions for memory requirements and neural dynamics in odour plume tracking.

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Uznienė, Rosita. "Media – Agents of Socialization". Regional Formation and Development Studies 8, n. 3 (25 gennaio 2022): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rfds.v7i2.2378.

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Medias make impact on social environment – they influence individual interrelations, communication, approach to oneself and entire world, “insist” on certain stereotypes in different situations. They take active part in socialization of individuals. Socialization is perceived as a continuous lifelong process, in which values, standards, social state, roles and patterns of social behaviour are mastered. The article analyzes impact of media (social agents) in socialization processes of individuals.

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Kerrane, Ben, Shona M. Bettany e Katy Kerrane. "Siblings as socialization agents". European Journal of Marketing 49, n. 5/6 (11 maggio 2015): 713–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2013-0296.

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Purpose – This paper explores how siblings act as agents of consumer socialisation within the dynamics of the family network. Design/methodology/approach – Key consumer socialisation literature is reviewed, highlighting the growing role that siblings play in the lives of contemporary children. The authors’ interpretive, exploratory study is introduced which captures the voices of children themselves through a series of in-depth interviews. Findings – A series of socialisation behaviours are documented, with children working in both positive and negative ways to develop the consumer skills of their siblings. A fourfold typology of sibling relationships is described, capturing the dynamic of sibling relationships and parental approaches to parenting vis-à-vis consumption. This typology is then used to present a typology of nascent child consumer identities that begin to emerge as a result of socialisation processes within the family setting. Research limitations/implications – The role siblings play in the process of consumer socialisation has potentially important implications in terms of the understanding of the socialisation process itself, and where/how children obtain product information. Scope exists to explore the role siblings play as agents of consumer socialisation across a wider variety of family types/sibling variables presented here (e.g. to explore how age/gender shapes the dynamics of sibling–sibling learning). Originality/value – Through adopting a networked approach to family life, the authors show how the wider family dynamic informs sibling–sibling relationships and resulting socialisation behaviours. The findings problematise the view that parents alone act as the main conduits of consumer learning within the family environment, highlighting how parent–child relationships, in turn, work to inform sibling–sibling socialisation behaviour and developing consumer identities.

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Nababan, Maxtulus Junedy, Herman Mawengkang, Tulus Tulus e Sutarman Sutarman. "Hidden Markov Model to Optimize Coordination Relationship for Learning Behaviour". International Journal of Religion 5, n. 9 (27 maggio 2024): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/52exbt60.

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School communities interact dynamically, much like the agents in a multi-agent system. For coordinated action, relationships between agents in a multi-agent system must be handled. One technique for persuading individuals to behave in a coordinated manner is to manage the role of agents in generating knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Managing these connections is difficult due to the large number of unknowns. Modeling can aid in the clarification of agent relationships. Coordination mechanisms can be modeled using Markov models. Agents can demonstrate and consider how their actions affect other agents in order to achieve desired behavior goals. This paper extends the state space of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) with an agent model to make them multi-agent friendly.

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Ozhamaratli, Fatih, e Paolo Barucca. "Heterogeneous Retirement Savings Strategy Selection with Reinforcement Learning". Entropy 25, n. 7 (25 giugno 2023): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25070977.

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Saving and investment behaviour is crucial for all individuals to guarantee their welfare during work-life and retirement. We introduce a deep reinforcement learning model in which agents learn optimal portfolio allocation and saving strategies suitable for their heterogeneous profiles. The environment is calibrated with occupation- and age-dependent income dynamics. The research focuses on heterogeneous income trajectories dependent on agents’ profiles and incorporates the parameterisation of agents’ behaviours. The model provides a new flexible methodology to estimate lifetime consumption and investment choices for individuals with heterogeneous profiles.

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Curtis, Valerie A. "A Natural History of Hygiene". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 18, n. 1 (2007): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/749190.

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In unpacking the Pandora’s box of hygiene, the author looks into its ancient evolutionary history and its more recent human history. Within the box, she finds animal behaviour, dirt, disgust and many diseases, as well as illumination concerning how hygiene can be improved. It is suggested that hygiene is the set of behaviours that animals, including humans, use to avoid harmful agents. The author argues that hygiene has an ancient evolutionary history, and that most animals exhibit such behaviours because they are adaptive. In humans, responses to most infectious threats are accompanied by sensations of disgust. In historical times, religions, social codes and the sciences have all provided rationales for hygiene behaviour. However, the author argues that disgust and hygiene behaviour came first, and that the rationales came later. The implications for the modern-day practice of hygiene are profound. The natural history of hygiene needs to be better understood if we are to promote safe hygiene and, hence, win our evolutionary war against the agents of infectious disease.

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Gasparini, Francesca, Marta Giltri e Stefania Bandini. "Safety perception and pedestrian dynamics: Experimental results towards affective agents modeling". AI Communications 34, n. 1 (15 febbraio 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aic-201576.

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The modeling of a new generation of agent-based simulation systems supporting pedestrian and crowd management taking into account affective states represents a new research frontier. Pedestrian behaviour involves human perception processes, based on subjective and psychological aspects. Following the concept of pedestrian environmental awareness, each walker adapts his/her crossing behaviour according to environmental conditions and his/her perception of safety. Different pedestrian behaviours can be related to subjective mobility and readiness to respond, and these factors are strongly dependent on the subjective interaction with the environment. Having additional inputs about pedestrian behaviour related to their perception processes could be useful in order to develop a more representative pedestrian dynamic model. In particular, the subjective perception of the safeness of crossing should be taken into consideration. In order to focus on the pedestrians’ perception of safe road crossing and walking, an experiment in an uncontrolled urban scenario has been carried out. Besides more conventional self-assessment questionnaires, physiological responses have been considered to evaluate the affective state of pedestrians during the interaction with the urban environment. Results from the analysis of the collected data show that physiological responses are reliable indicators of safety perception while road crossing and interacting with real urban environment, suggesting the design of agent-based models for pedestrian dynamics simulations taking in account the representation of affective states.

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Muñoz-Salinas, Rafael, Eugenio Aguirre, Miguel García-Silvente e Moisés Gómez. "A multi-agent system architecture for mobile robot navigation based on fuzzy and visual behaviour". Robotica 23, n. 6 (novembre 2005): 689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574704001390.

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A multi-agent system based on behaviour for controlling the navigation task of a mobile robot in office-like environments is presented. The set of agents is structured into a three-layer hybrid architecture. A high level of abstraction plan is created using a topological map of the environment in the Deliberative layer. It is composed by the sequence of rooms and corridors to traverse and doors to cross in order to reach a desired room. The Execution and Monitoring layer translates the plan into a sequence of available skills in order to achieve the desired goal and monitors the execution of the plan. In the Control layer there is a set of agents that implements fuzzy and visual behaviours that run concurrently to guide the robot. Fuzzy behavior manages the vagueness and uncertainty of the range sensor information allowing to navigate safely in the environment. Visual behavior locates a required door to cross and fixate it, indicating the appropriate direction to reach it. Artificial landmarks are placed beside the doors to show its position. The system has been implemented in a Nomad 200 mobile robot and has been validated in numerous experiments in a real office-like environment.

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37

Alrawagfeh, Wagdi, Edward Brown e Manrique Mata-Montero. "Norms of Behaviour and Their Identification and Verification in Open Multi-Agent Societies". International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 3, n. 3 (luglio 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2011070101.

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Norms have an obvious role in the coordinating and predicting behaviours in societies of software agents. Most researchers assume that agents already know the norms of their societies beforehand at design time. Others assume that norms are assigned by a leader or a legislator. Some researchers take into account the acquisition of societies’ norms through inference. Their works apply to closed multi-agent societies in which the agents have identical (or similar) internal architecture for representing norms. This paper addresses three things: 1) the idea of a Verification Component that was previously used to verify candidate norms in multi-agent societies, 2) a known modification of the Verification Component that makes it applicable in open multi-agent societies, and 3) a modification of the Verification Component, so that agents can dynamically infer the new emerged and abrogated norms in open multi-agent societies. Using the JADE software framework, we build a restaurant interaction scenario as an example (where restaurants usually host heterogeneous agents), and demonstrate how permission and prohibition of behavior can be identified by agents using dynamic norms.

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Bansal, Ajay, e Rahul Gupta. "Influence of socialization agents on individual social media behaviour". JIMS8M: The Journal of Indian Management & Strategy 25, n. 4 (2020): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-9343.2020.00029.0.

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39

Munkvad, I. "The Mechanism of Action of Psychopharmacological Agents on Behaviour". Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica 36 (13 marzo 2009): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0773.1975.tb03076.x.

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40

Gudiño-Mendoza, Berenice, e Ernesto López-Mellado. "Modelling Networked Agents’ Behaviour using Timed Hybrid Petri Nets". Procedia Technology 7 (2013): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.04.036.

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41

Fattoruso, Gerarda, Gabriella Marcarelli, Maria Grazia Olivieri e Massimo Squillante. "Using ELECTRE to analyse the behaviour of economic agents". Soft Computing 24, n. 18 (14 ottobre 2019): 13629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04397-2.

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42

Ying, Mingsheng. "Topology in process calculus (I): Limit behaviour of agents". Journal of Computer Science and Technology 14, n. 4 (luglio 1999): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02948735.

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43

McClure, Dale D., Marine Lamy, Lachlan Black, John M. Kavanagh e Geoffrey W. Barton. "An experimental investigation into the behaviour of antifoaming agents". Chemical Engineering Science 160 (marzo 2017): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.033.

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44

Zhang, Mei, Jing Hua Wen e Yong Long Fan. "Modeling of Multi-Agents' Coordination". Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (ottobre 2013): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.222.

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It takes cooperation among multi-user in virtual geographic environment (VGE) based on Multi-Agent System (MAS) in the centralized system as researched object. Then we detailed analyze and research arithmetic of collectivistic operating behaviour learning of Multi-Agent based on Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally we design an example which shows how 3 evolutional Agents cooperate to complete the task of colony pushing cylinder box.

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45

Schmid, Hans Bernhard. "PHILOSOPHICAL EGOISM: ITS NATURE AND LIMITATIONS". Economics and Philosophy 26, n. 2 (luglio 2010): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267110000209.

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Egoism and altruism are unequal contenders in the explanation of human behaviour. While egoism tends to be viewed as natural and unproblematic, altruism has always been treated with suspicion, and it has often been argued that apparent cases of altruistic behaviour might really just be some special form of egoism. The reason for this is that egoism fits into our usual theoretical views of human behaviour in a way that altruism does not. This is true on the biological level, where an evolutionary account seems to favour egoism, as well as on the psychological level, where an account of self-interested motivation is deeply rooted in folk psychology and in the economic model of human behaviour. While altruism has started to receive increasing support in both biological and psychological debates over the last decades, this paper focuses on yet another level, where egoism is still widely taken for granted.Philosophical egoism(Martin Hollis’ term) is the view that, on the ultimate level of intentional explanation, all action is motivated by one of the agent's desires. This view is supported by the standard notion that for a complex of behaviour to be an action, there has to be a way to account for that behaviour in terms of the agent's own pro-attitudes.Psychologicalaltruists, it is claimed, arephilosophicalegoists in that they are motivated by desires that have the other's benefit rather than the agent's own for its ultimate object (other-directed desires). This paper casts doubt on this thesis, arguing that empathetic agents act on other people's pro-attitudes in very much the same way as agents usually act on their own, and that while other-directed desires do play an important role in many cases of psychologically altruistic action, they are not necessary in explanations of some of the most basic and most pervasive types of human altruistic behaviour. The paper concludes with the claim that philosophical egoism is really a cultural value rather than a conceptual feature of action.

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Georgiev, Milen, Ivan Tanev e Katsunori Shimohara. "Coevolution of the Asymmetric Morphology and the Behaviour of Simple Predator Agents in Predator-Prey Pursuit Problem". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2019 (6 maggio 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1538757.

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Humanity has long strived to create microscopic machines for various purposes. Most prominent of them employ nanorobots for medical purposes and procedures, otherwise deemed hard or impossible to perform. However, the main advantage of this kind of machines is also their main drawback—their small size. The miniature scale, they work in, brings many problems, such as not having enough space for the computational power needed for their operation or the specifics of the laws of physics that govern their behaviour. In our study, we focus on the former challenge, by introducing a new standpoint to the well-studied predator-prey pursuit problem using an implementation of very simple predator agents. Intended to model the small-scale (micro and nano) robots, these agents are morphologically simple—they feature a single line-of-sight sensor. The behaviour of the predator agents is simple as well—the (few) perceived environmental variables are mapped directly into corresponding pairs of rotational velocities of the wheels’ motors. We implemented genetic algorithm to evolve such a mapping that results in a successful capturing of the prey by the team of predator agents. However, as the preliminary results indicated, the predators that use a straightforward sensor could not resolve more than just few of the tested initial situations. Thus, to improve the generality of the evolved behaviour, we proposed an asymmetric sensory morphology of predators—an angular offset to the sensor relative to the longitudinal axis—and coevolved the amount of such an offset together with the behaviour of predators. The behaviours, coevolved with a sensor offset between 12° and 38°, resulted in both an efficient and consistent capture of the prey in all tested initial situations. Moreover, some of the behaviours, coevolved with sensor offset between 18° and 24°, demonstrated a good generality to the increased speed of the prey and a good robustness to perception noise. The obtained results could be seen as a step towards the engineering of asymmetric small-scale for delivery of medicine, locating and destroying cancer cells, microscopic imaging, etc.

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Pico, Gabriel, Pedro Marques, Guillermo Antonio Loor Castillo, Yolanda Llosas Albuerne e Julio César Guamán Segarra. "Empleo de la teoría multiagentes en la gerencia del trabajo inmótico en la UTM." Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721 2, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v2i2.1142.

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The work is based on the application of agents software theory to improve the supervisory system of installa-tions. It uses the theory of BDI architecture (Beliefs – Desires - Intentions) for agents programming. Also was used the UML (Unified Modelling Language) for designing the actions of agents and their interaction with the surrounding environment. Furthermore is employed in Supervisory System development in Siemens WinCC flexible package programming, through which facilitate communications with PLCs and the process for obtain-ing the variables to modify in the system for different operating conditions with the help of intelligent agents. Later this created system was used to record the behaviour of the system to different input signals and disturb-ances. The importance of this work deal with the introduction of intelligent agents in supervisory systems opens the door to integration of new IT developments. Index Terms— Agentes inteligentes, sistemas multiagentes, control y supervisión, renewable energy

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Intriago Cedeño, Maria Gabriela, Yolanda Llosas Albuerne, Pedro Marques e Marcos Dávila. "Caracterización energética preliminar de la UTM de cara a su optimización". Revista de Investigaciones en Energía, Medio Ambiente y Tecnología: RIEMAT ISSN: 2588-0721 2, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/riemat.v2i2.1144.

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Abstract (sommario):

The work is based on the application of agents software theory to improve the supervisory system of installa-tions. It uses the theory of BDI architecture (Beliefs – Desires - Intentions) for agents programming. Also was used the UML (Unified Modelling Language) for designing the actions of agents and their interaction with the surrounding environment. Furthermore is employed in Supervisory System development in Siemens WinCC flexible package programming, through which facilitate communications with PLCs and the process for obtain-ing the variables to modify in the system for different operating conditions with the help of intelligent agents. Later this created system was used to record the behaviour of the system to different input signals and disturb-ances. The importance of this work deal with the introduction of intelligent agents in supervisory systems opens the door to integration of new IT developments. Index Terms— Agentes inteligentes, sistemas multiagentes, control y supervisión, renewable energy

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49

Aprilia, Dita, Yusrizal Yusrizal e Wahyu Syarvina. "Analisis Tingkat Literasi Keuangan Agen Asuransi Syariah di PT. Bumiputera 1912 Medan". Jurnal Manajemen Akuntansi (JUMSI) 3, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2023): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jumsi.v3i1.4026.

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This study aims to determine and analyze agent knowledge, agent behavior and agent attitudes towards sharia insurance at PT Bumiputera 1912 Medan. The research method used is a qualitative method used by researchers, namely primary, including distributing questionnaires to interview agents at PT Bumiputera 1912 Medan. Based on the research results obtained regarding the analysis of the level of financial literacy of Islamic insurance agents, namely, even though the knowledge level of Islamic insurance agents is in the moderate category or sufficiently understanding, the knowledge level of Islamic insurance agents should be in the understanding category. Besides that, the role of agents is also very much needed by the community, one of which is educating the public to know, know, understanding, utilize and enjoy sharia insurance services. And the level of agent knowledge, agent behavior and agent attitudes have a positive influence on Bumiputera 1912 Islamic insurance Medan. It is evident from the questionnaire distributed to the Bumiputera 1912 Medan agents, then from the results of the average velue of the level of agent knowledge and agent behavior and agent attitudes produce different values where the agentâ€™s knowledge is lower than the agentâ€™s behaviour and attitude of sharia insurance agents in Bumiputera 1912 Medan.

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Keogh, Kathleen, e Liz Sonenberg. "Designing Multi-Agent System Organisations for Flexible Runtime Behaviour". Applied Sciences 10, n. 15 (2 agosto 2020): 5335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155335.

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We address the challenge of multi-agent system (MAS) design for organisations of agents acting in dynamic and uncertain environments where runtime flexibility is required to enable improvisation through sharing knowledge and adapting behaviour. We identify behavioural features that correspond to runtime improvisation by agents in a MAS organisation and from this analysis describe the OJAzzIC meta-model and an associated design method. We present results from simulation scenarios, varying both problem complexity and the level of organisational support provided in the design, to show that increasing design time guidance in the organisation specification can enable runtime flexibility afforded to agents and improve performance. Hence the results demonstrate the usefulness of the constructs captured in the OJAzzIC meta-model.

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