Articoli di riviste: "Advanced Oxydation Processes (AOP)"

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Hoislbauer, C., W. Gangl, J. Zelenka, M. Siebenhofer e R. Marr. "Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP/EAOP)". Chemie Ingenieur Technik 79, n. 9 (settembre 2007): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200750374.

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Elmobarak, Wamda Faisal, Bassim H. Hameed, Fares Almomani e Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah. "A Review on the Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes". Catalysts 11, n. 7 (27 giugno 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11070782.

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The petroleum industry is one of the most rapidly developing industries and is projected to grow faster in the coming years. The recent environmental activities and global requirements for cleaner methods are pushing the petroleum refining industries for the use of green techniques and industrial wastewater treatment. Petroleum industry wastewater contains a broad diversity of contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons, oil and grease, phenol, ammonia, sulfides, and other organic composites, etc. All of these compounds within discharged water from the petroleum industry exist in an extremely complicated form, which is unsafe for the environment. Conventional treatment systems treating refinery wastewater have shown major drawbacks including low efficiency, high capital and operating cost, and sensitivity to low biodegradability and toxicity. The advanced oxidation process (AOP) method is one of the methods applied for petroleum refinery wastewater treatment. The objective of this work is to review the current application of AOP technologies in the treatment of petroleum industry wastewater. The petroleum wastewater treatment using AOP methods includes Fenton and photo-Fenton, H2O2/UV, photocatalysis, ozonation, and biological processes. This review reports that the treatment efficiencies strongly depend on the chosen AOP type, the physical and chemical properties of target contaminants, and the operating conditions. It is reported that other mechanisms, as well as hydroxyl radical oxidation, might occur throughout the AOP treatment and donate to the decrease in target contaminants. Mainly, the recent advances in the AOP treatment of petroleum wastewater are discussed. Moreover, the review identifies scientific literature on knowledge gaps, and future research ways are provided to assess the effects of these technologies in the treatment of petroleum wastewater.

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Azizah, Alif Nurul, e I. Nyoman Widiasa. "Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Refinery Wastewater Treatment Contains High Phenol Concentration". MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603012.

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Petroleum Refinery wastewater is characterized by a high phenol content. Phenol is toxic and resistant to biological processes for treatment of the petroleum refinery wastewater. The combination of an AOP and a biological process can be used for treatment of the refinery wastewater. It is necessary to conduct a study to determine the appropriate condition of AOP to meet the phenol removal level. Two AOP configurations were investigated: H2O2 / UV and H2O2 / UV / O3. From each process samples, COD, phenol and pH were measured. The oxidation was carried out until the targeted phenol concentration of treated effluent were obtained. The better result obtained by using process H2O2 / UV / O3 with the H2O2 concentration 1000 ppm. After 120 minutes, the final target has been achieved in which phenol concentration of 37.5 mg/L or phenol degradation of 93.75%.

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Andreozzi, R. "Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery". Catalysis Today 53, n. 1 (15 ottobre 1999): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(99)00102-9.

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Rapf, M., e E. Thomanetz. "Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) zur Vorbehandlung organisch hochbelasteter Prozessabwässer". Chemie Ingenieur Technik 90, n. 9 (24 agosto 2018): 1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201855129.

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Ducoste, Joel J., e Scott M. Alpert. "Computational fluid dynamics modeling alternatives for UV-initiated advanced oxidation processes". Water Quality Research Journal 50, n. 1 (14 novembre 2014): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2014.035.

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Design and optimization of ultraviolet-initiated (UV-initiated) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) must consider both system configuration and chemical kinetics. Alternative approaches to modeling AOP systems have been proposed in the literature; yet, due to the complex nature of the reactions involved, the literature lacks clarity in the appropriate selection of a modeling approach to help define the UV/AOP system performance. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was compared to the numerical solution of a system of ordinary differential equations describing the reaction mechanism for hydroxyl radical production and methylene blue destruction and to a UV dose distribution analysis produced by a Lagrangian particle track in CFD with a given dose–response curve. Similar analyses were also performed to simulate the destruction of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP), in two different photoreactors. To validate the simulations, the results of the models were compared to pilot reactor trials for methylene blue bleaching and literature data for TCEP and TBP. Modeling results suggest that the agreement of both CFD Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches to simulating the UV/H2O2 AOP is a function of reactor design, the water matrix, and operating conditions.

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Kovács, Krisztina, Tünde Tóth e László Wojnárovits. "Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for β-blockers degradation: a review". Water Science and Technology 85, n. 2 (24 dicembre 2021): 685–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.631.

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Abstract This study summarizes the results of scientific investigations on the removal of the three most often used β-blockers (atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol) by various advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The free radical chemistry, rate constants, degradation mechanism and elimination effectiveness of these compounds are discussed together with the technical details of experiments. In most AOP the degradation is predominantly initiated by hydroxyl radicals. In sulfate radical anion-based oxidation processes (SROP) both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radical anions greatly contribute to the degradation. The rate constants of reactions with these two radicals are in the 109–1010 M−1 s−1 range. The degradation products reflect ipso attack, hydroxylation on the aromatic ring and/or the amino moiety and cleavage of the side chain. Among AOP, photocatalysis and SROP are the most effective for degradation of the three β-blockers. The operating parameters have to be optimized to the most suitable effectiveness.

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Shukla, Tulsi L., e Steven J. Duranceau. "Comparing Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Perborate Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes for 1,4-Dioxane Removal from Tertiary Wastewater Effluent". Water 15, n. 7 (1 aprile 2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071364.

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Ultraviolet advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) were compared using sodium perborate (UV/NaBO3 AOP) or hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2 AOP) for 1,4-dioxane removal from tertiary wastewater effluent. Both UV-AOPs were also tested with the addition of acetic acid. Results revealed that sodium perborate performed similarly to hydrogen peroxide. The UV/NaBO3 AOP with 6 milligrams per liter (mg/L) as H2O2 resulted in 43.9 percent 1,4-dioxane removal, while an equivalent UV/H2O2 AOP showed 42.8 percent removal. Despite their similar performance, NaBO3 is approximately 3.3 times more expensive than H2O2. However, the solid form of NaBO3 can provide a major benefit to remote and mobile operations. Unlike H2O2 solution, which degrades over time and requires repeated costly shipments, NaBO3 is a convenient source of H2O2, and a long-term supply can be shipped at once and mixed into solution as needed. The addition of acetic acid to a UV/H2O2 AOP was found to enhance 1,4-dioxane removal, increasing treatment effectiveness by 5.7%.

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Alsharyani, Ahmed K., e L. Muruganandam. "Fabrication of zinc oxide nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of docosane, a petroleum pollutant, under solar light simulator". RSC Advances 14, n. 13 (2024): 9038–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4ra00672k.

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Tak, Surbhi, e Bhanu Prakash Vellanki. "Natural organic matter as precursor to disinfection byproducts and its removal using conventional and advanced processes: state of the art review". Journal of Water and Health 16, n. 5 (20 luglio 2018): 681–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2018.032.

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Abstract Natural organic matter (NOM) is ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and if present can cause varied drinking water quality issues, the major one being disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation. Trihalomethanes (THMs) are major classes of DBP that are formed during chlorination of NOM. The best way to remove DBPs is to target the precursors (NOM) directly. The main aim of this review is to study conventional as well as advanced ways of treating NOM, with a broad focus on NOM removal using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and biofiltration. The first part of the paper focuses on THM formation and removal using conventional processes and the second part focuses on the studies carried out during the years 2000–2018, specifically on NOM removal using AOPs and AOP-biofiltration. Considering the proven carcinogenic nature of THMs and their diverse health effects, it becomes important for any drinking water treatment industry to ameliorate the current water treatment practices and focus on techniques like AOP or synergy of AOP-biofiltration which showed up to 50–60% NOM reduction. The use of AOP alone provides a cost barrier which can be compensated by the use of biofiltration along with AOP with low energy inputs, making it a techno-economically feasible option for NOM removal.

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Xu, Jia, Qianhui Ma, Wen Feng, Xiaopeng Zhang, Qiang Lin, Chenghang You e Xianghui Wang. "Removal of methyl orange from water by Fenton oxidation of magnetic coconut-clothed biochar". RSC Advances 12, n. 38 (2022): 24439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra03545f.

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Wang, Jenny, Achim Ried, Harald Stapel, Yaning Zhang, Minghui Chen, Wui Seng Ang, Rongjing Xie, Ankur Duarah, Lifeng Zhang e Mong Hoo Lim. "A pilot-scale investigation of ozonation and advanced oxidation processes at Choa Chu Kang Waterworks". Water Practice and Technology 10, n. 1 (1 marzo 2015): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2015.006.

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A two-year comprehensive advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) pilot test was completed for a Singapore waterworks in 2011–2013. This study focused on oxidative removal of spiked organic contaminants with ozone and ozone-based AOPs (ozone application together with hydrogen peroxide, which is necessary for AOPs). The ‘optimized H2O2 dosage’ test philosophy was verified during the test period – keeping the residual ozone at 0.3 mg/L in the water for disinfection purpose by minimizing the H2O2 dosage. This study also monitored the bromate concentration in both ozone- and AOP-treated water, and all the samples reported below the laboratory detection limit (<5 µg/L), which is also lower than the WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (<10 µg/L). For comparison, a low pressure UV-based AOP test was conducted in the final stage of the study. The electrical energy per order (EEO) value is compared with ozone- and UV-based AOPs as well. The results indicated that ozone-based AOP with an optimized hydrogen peroxide dosage could be the most energy efficient option for this specific water matrix in terms of most selected compounds.

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Hamada, Kengo, Tsuyoshi Ochiai, Yasuyuki Tsuchida, Kyohei Miyano, Yosuke Ishikawa, Toshinari Nagura e Noritaka Kimura. "Eco-Friendly Cotton/Linen Fabric Treatment Using Aqueous Ozone and Ultraviolet Photolysis". Catalysts 10, n. 11 (2 novembre 2020): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111265.

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Chemicals for the scouring and bleaching of fabrics have a high environmental load. In addition, in recent years, the high consumption of these products has become a problem in the manufacture of natural fabric products. Therefore, environmentally friendly, low-waste processes for fabric treatment are required. In this paper, we discuss the bleaching of fabrics using advanced oxidation processes (AOP). These processes use electrochemically generated aqueous ozone and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation to achieve bleaching. However, colour reversion often occurs. In this study, we suppressed unwanted colour reversion by treatment with rongalite. After treatment, changes in fabric colour were determined by measuring the colour difference and reflectance spectra. The best bleaching effect was obtained when ozone and UV irradiation treatments were combined, achieving results similar to those of a conventional bleaching method after 60 min of UV irradiation. In addition, the AOP treatment resulted in the simultaneous scouring of the fabric, as shown by the increased hydrophilicity of the fabric after AOP treatment. Thus, this AOP process represents a new fabric bleaching process that has an extremely low environmental impact.

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TOCK, RICHARD W., MAHESH A. REGE e SANJAY H. BHOJANI. "Simultaneous Evaporation and Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) for Process Water Treatment". Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials 10, n. 2 (gennaio 1993): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hwm.1993.10.195.

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Guimarães, José Roberto, Regina Maura Bueno Franco, Regiane Aparecida Guadagnini e Luciana Urbano dos Santos. "Giardia duodenalis: Number and Fluorescence Reduction Caused by the Advanced Oxidation Process (H2O2/UV)". International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (7 dicembre 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/525719.

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This study evaluated the effect of peroxidation assisted by ultraviolet radiation (H2O2/UV), which is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), on Giardia duodenalis cysts. The cysts were inoculated in synthetic and surface water using a concentration of 12 g H2O2 L−1 and a UV dose (λ=254 nm) of 5,480 mJcm−2. The aqueous solutions were concentrated using membrane filtration, and the organisms were observed using a direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The AOP was effective in reducing the number of G. duodenalis cysts in synthetic and surface water and was most effective in reducing the fluorescence of the cyst walls that were present in the surface water. The AOP showed a higher deleterious potential for G. duodenalis cysts than either peroxidation (H2O2) or photolysis (UV) processes alone.

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Liu, Gaoyuan, Haibao Huang, Ruijie Xie, Qiuyu Feng, Ruimei Fang, Yajie Shu, Yujie Zhan, Xinguo Ye e Cheng Zhong. "Enhanced degradation of gaseous benzene by a Fenton reaction". RSC Advances 7, n. 1 (2017): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26016k.

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A wet scrubbing process coupled with advanced oxidation processes (AOP) has raised great interest for the abatement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) owing to its strong oxidation capacity and few byproducts.

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Andreozzi, R., L. Campanella, B. Fraysse, J. Garric, A. Gonnella, R. Lo Giudice, R. Marotta, G. Pinto e A. Pollio. "Effects of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the toxicity of a mixture of pharmaceuticals". Water Science and Technology 50, n. 5 (1 settembre 2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0304.

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The possibility of applying main AOP techniques, namely ozonation, H2O2/UV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis to provide a significant reduction of toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures has been evaluated. For the preparation of the mixture six pharmaceuticals were chosen among those found at highest concentrations in Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, namely carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin and propranolol. The blue-green alga Synechococcus leopoliensis and the rotifer Brachyonus calyciflorus were utilised to assess the toxicity of the mixtures after AOP treatments. All the toxicity tests were performed using chronic standardized bioassays. The best results were obtained with ozonation. With this type of treatment a complete removal of mixture toxicity on S. leopolensis was obtained even after the shortest time of application (1 min). The ozonation treatment leads also to removal of all the pharmaceutical mixture toxicity on B. calyciflorus, by applying the oxidizing agent for at least for 2 minutes.

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Duckworth, Kelsey, Michael Spencer, Christopher Bates, Michael E. Miller, Catherine Almquist, Michael Grimaila, Matthew Magnuson, Stuart Willison, Rebecca Phillips e LeeAnn Racz. "Advanced oxidation degradation kinetics as a function of ultraviolet LED duty cycle". Water Science and Technology 71, n. 9 (9 marzo 2015): 1375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.108.

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Ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a viable option as a UV light source for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing photocatalysts or oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide. The effect of UV-LED duty cycle, expressed as the percentage of time the LED is powered, was investigated in an AOP with hydrogen peroxide, using methylene blue (MB) to assess contaminant degradation. The UV-LED AOP degraded the MB at all duty cycles. However, adsorption of MB onto the LED emitting surface caused a linear decline in reactor performance over time. With regard to the effect of duty cycle, the observed rate constant of MB degradation, after being adjusted to account for the duty cycle, was greater for 5 and 10% duty cycles than higher duty cycles, providing a value approximately 160% higher at 5% duty cycle than continuous operation. This increase in adjusted rate constant at low duty cycles, as well as contaminant fouling of the LED surface, may impact design and operational considerations for pulsed UV-LED AOP systems.

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Gilboa, Yael, Yuval Alfiya, Sara Sabach, Eran Friedler e Yael Dubowski. "H2S Removal from Groundwater by Chemical Free Advanced Oxidation Process Using UV-C/VUV Radiation". Molecules 26, n. 13 (30 giugno 2021): 4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134016.

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Sulfide species may be present in groundwater due to natural processes or due to anthropogenic activity. H2S contamination poses odor nuisance and may also lead to adverse health effects. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered promising treatments for hydrogen-sulfide removal from water, but conventional AOPs usually require continuous chemical dosing, as well as post-treatment, when solid catalysts are applied. Vacuum-UV (VUV) radiation can generate ·OH in situ via water photolysis, initiating chemical-free AOP. The present study investigated the applicability of VUV-based AOP for removal of H2S both in synthetic solutions and in real groundwater, comparing combined UV-C/VUV and UV-C only radiation in a continuous-flow reactor. In deionized water, H2S degradation was much faster under the combined radiation, dominated by indirect photolysis, and indicated the formation of sulfite intermediates that convert to sulfate at high radiation doses. Sulfide was efficiently removed from natural groundwater by the two examined lamps, with no clear preference between them. However, in anoxic conditions, common in sulfide-containing groundwater, a small advantage for the combined lamp was observed. These results demonstrate the potential of utilizing VUV-based AOP for treating H2S contamination in groundwater as a chemical-free treatment, which can be especially attractive to remote small treatment facilities.

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Sekar Nadisti, Meidina, Nur Annisa, Eva Fathul Karamah, Nelson Saksono e Setijo Bismo. "Waste treatment of remazol blue compounds based on ozonation/AOP in a bubble column reactor". E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 04017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186704017.

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Increased production in the textile industry has the potential to result in high dye waste water. Various conventional methods to handle with textile waste treatment have been done, but still considered not yet or less effective. The AOP technology (Advanced Oxidation Processes) applied in this research is a rapid degradation technology in textile wastes with advanced oxidation process through the formation of hydroxyl radical (OH) which is considered to optimize the degradation process of textile dye waste. This study aims to evaluate the performance of ozonation methods and AOP (O3/UV/H2O2) in dye degradation of textile wastewater containing remazol blue compounds. Both configuration methods used are optimized in several parameters such as waste flow rate, ozone voltage and pH to obtain maximum remazol blue degradation. From this study, the higher percentage to remazol blue degradation is 99.99%, which is achieved by AOP method, with double air injection air flow rate of 10 L/min and 0.25 L/min liquid flow rate.

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Temesgen, Tatek, e Mooyoung Han. "Ultrafine bubbles as an augmenting agent for ozone-based advanced oxidation". Water Science and Technology 84, n. 12 (1 novembre 2021): 3705–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.475.

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Abstract In this study, the influence of nanobubbles (NBs) application in ozone (O3) based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) is investigated. The results demonstrate the potential of NBs application to O3 – based AOP. It was observed that NBs suppress the negative influence of pH and operating temperatures on the efficiency of ozonation. In addition, the application of NBs tends to improve the solubility of O3 and the rate of mass transfer under the influence of a broad range of temperature and pH conditions. The results of this research indicate that application of NBs minimized the reduction in concentration of dissolved O3 with an increase in temperature. Furthermore, application of NBs highly improved the OH radical formation in acidic conditions. The results of this research depicted for first time that the application of NBs strongly encourages the initiation of reactions involving OH radicals. It was found by this research that NBs can boost the concentration of OH radicals up to 3.5 fold compared to equivalent MB-supported ozonation systems. This is assumed to improve the efficiency of currently existing conventional bubble supported O3 – based AOP systems.

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Gopalakrishnan, Ginni, Rajesh Banu Jeyakumar e Adishkumar Somanathan. "Challenges and Emerging Trends in Advanced Oxidation Technologies and Integration of Advanced Oxidation Processes with Biological Processes for Wastewater Treatment". Sustainability 15, n. 5 (27 febbraio 2023): 4235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054235.

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One of the biggest problems the world is currently experiencing is wastewater treatment. Numerous pollutants are released into water bodies by enormous amounts of effluents from varied sources. This paper provides a concise summary of the state of the art in AOPs, biological treatment, and their efficient application for the degradation of the numerous recalcitrant organic contaminants found in wastewater. The employment of a photoreactor is necessary for the efficient execution of the majority of photocatalytic processes. This review examines the effectiveness of several reactor configurations with varying geometries. Integrating different AOPs and AOPs with biological approaches for degrading pollutants in wastewater was also discussed. It is important to emphasize that an integrated AOP/biological system produces by-products that are not hazardous, uses little energy, and completely degrades pollutants. The review also outlines the challenges and issues of wastewater treatment for an environmentally and economically feasible process.

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Napoleão, Daniella Carla, Tássia Santos Gonçalves, Naiana Santos da Cruz Santana Neves, Vanessa de Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti, Marina Gomes Silva, Ingrid Larissa da Silva Santana, Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana, Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena e Graziele Elisandra do Nascimento. "Association of advanced oxidative and adsorptive processes for dye treatment in the sanitizer industry: kinetic, equilibrium and toxicity evaluation". Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 26 (17 gennaio 2023): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117066989.

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The presence of dyes in wastewater can cause several damages to the environment. Aiming at its removal, advanced oxidative processes (AOP) and adsorption (ADS) have been used. In this work, the removal of acid blue dye 80 (AA80) by AOP (photoperoxidation (PP) and photo-Fenton (PF)) and by ADS was evaluated, individually and combined. The use of the PP/UV-C system led to degradations of 72.7 and 83.8% for the λ of 334 and 622 nm, respectively. The PP/LED system did not degrade. For the PF process, > 90% degradation was obtained for both radiations. The [Fe] (1 mg.L-1) and [H2O2] (90 mg.L-1)were optimized for the PF/LED system. As for the PF/UV-C system, the optimal [H2O2] was 60 mg.L-1. The experimental data fit well with the Chan and Chu (2003) kinetic model with R2>0.94. The kinetic data showed a better fit to the pseudo-second order model (R2>0.90), while equilibrium was reached in 30 min with removal of 62.45 (λ=334 nm) and 83.22% (λ=622 nm), being well represented by the Langmuir and Sips models. Finally, the combined study promoted a 7% increase in AA80 removal, achieving an improvement in the final toxicity of the treated matrix when compared to isolated AOP systems.

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Amorim, Nataly Daiany de Oliveira, Graziele Elisandra do Nascimento, Lívia Vieira Carlini Charamba, Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana, Pollyanna Michelle da Silva, Thiago Henrique Napoleão e Daniella Carla Napoleão. "Direct red 83 textile dye degradation using photoperoxidation and photo-fenton: kinetic studies, toxicity and neural networks modeling". Ciência e Natura 42 (3 settembre 2020): e41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x41251.

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Textile dyes have been observed in aquatic matrices that receive effluents from different textile industries. These compounds have the peculiarity of being resistant to the physical, chemical and biological treatments commonly used in wastewater treatment plants. Thus, alternative treatments such as advanced oxidative processes (AOP) have been considered in order to promote the degradation of this type of pollutant, being the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton processes the most used. Therefore, the present work evaluated the efficiency of these AOP in the degradation of direct red 83 dye. It was found a greater efficiency of the photoperoxidation process, especially in the degradation of functional groups observed at 289 nm. This AOP presented a pseudo first order reaction kinetics, with rapid decay in the first minutes. The MLP (5-21-2) neural network model was able to satisfactorily predict the degradation of the dye under study. Finally, it was found that the proposed process showed no adverse effects when studying the toxicity in bacteria.

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de Souza, Emanuely José, Naiana Santos da Cruz Santana Neves, Rayssa Kelen de Mendonça Gomes, Sérgio Gonzaga dos Santos Júnior, Lívia Vieira Carlini Charamba, Natália Ferreira Campos e Daniella Carla Napoleão. "Treatment of textile dyes using advanced oxidative and adsorptive processes individually and combined: study of the operational parameters, kinetic and adsorptive equilibrium". Water Science and Technology 82, n. 7 (28 agosto 2020): 1327–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.415.

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Abstract Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) have been consolidated as an efficient treatment technique to degrade persistent contaminants. In addition to them, biosorption also emerges as a technique capable of removing both pollutants and intermediate products generated by other treatments such as AOP. Thus, this work evaluated the degradation and removal of the mixture of dyes Direct Red 23 and Direct Red 227 in aqueous solution (50 mg·L−1 of each). Preliminary tests showed that the photo-Fenton system under sunlight radiation was the most efficient, reaching a degradation ≥93%. For the adsorptive process using chicken eggshell, preliminary tests indicated that the ideal dosage of adsorbent was 8.0 g·L−1. For this process, a factorial design indicated the best working conditions, which demonstrated from the system adjusted well to the Elovich (kinetic) model and to the Freundlich and Sips models (equilibrium). When associating the two processes, AOP followed by adsorption achieved a total degradation/removal of ≈98% (for all λ) in a time of 60 min. Thus, the feasibility of the combined treatment is indicated.

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Colovic, Mirjana, Danijela Krstic, Vesna Vasic, Aleksandra Bondzic, Gordana Uscumlic e Slobodan Petrovic. "Organophosphorus insecticides: Toxic effects and bioanalytical tests for evaluating toxicity during degradation processes". Chemical Industry 67, n. 2 (2013): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120323060c.

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Organophosphorus insecticides have been the most applied group of insecticides for the last two decades. Their main toxic effects are related to irreversible inactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Actually, they covalently bind to serine OH group in the enzyme active site forming phosphorylated enzyme that cannot hydrolyze acetylcholine. Organophosphorus insecticides in the environment undergo the natural degradation pathway including mainly homogeneous and heterogeneous hydrolysis (especially at high pH) generating non-inhibiting products. Additionally, thio organophosphates are easily oxidized by naturally present oxidants and UV light, forming more toxic and stable oxons. Thus, oxidative degradation procedures, generally referred as advanced oxidation processes (AOP), have been applied for their efficient removal from contaminated waters. The most applied bioassays to monitor the organophosphate toxicity i.e. the detoxification degree during AOP are Vibrio fischeri and AChE bioassays. Vibrio fischeri toxicity test exploits bioluminescence as the measure of luciferase activity of this marine bacterium, whereas AChE bioassay is based on AChE activity inhibition. Both bioanalytical techniques are rapid (several minutes), simple, sensitive and reproducible. Vibrio fischeri test seems to be a versatile indicator of toxic compounds generated in AOP for organophosphorus insecticides degradation. However, detection of neurotoxic AChE inhibitors, which can be formed in AOP of some organophosphates, requires AChE bioassays. Therefore, AChE toxicity test is more appropriate for monitoring the degradation processes of thio organophosphates, because more toxic oxo organophosphates might be formed and overlooked by Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition. In addition, during organophosphates removal by AOP, compounds with strong genotoxic potential may be formed, which cannot be detected by standard toxicity tests. For this reason, determination of incidence of micronuclei and cell proliferation index in cultivated human lymphocytes and fibroblasts is suitable for evaluation of organophosphorus insecticides and their break down products inducing cytogenetic damage.

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Gliniak, Maciej, Piotr Nawara, Arkadiusz Bieszczad, Krzysztof Górka e Janusz Tabor. "The Use of E-Peroxone to Neutralize Wastewater from Medical Facilities at a Laboratory Scale". Sustainability 15, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2023): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021449.

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The treatment of medical wastewater by the peroxone (AOP) and electro-peroxone (E-peroxone) processes was analyzed. The E-peroxone process is based on the production of hydrogen peroxide electrochemically from an O2 and O3 gas mixture produced in sparged ozone generator effluent using graphite-polytetrafluorethylene cathodes. The electrogenerated H2O2 reacts with sparged ozone to produce hydroxyl radicals. All advanced oxidation processes presented in this study effectively removed chemical oxygen demand (COD) by up to 87%. The use of E-peroxone showed 15% better results in COD reduction than conventional peroxone. The research suggests that E-peroxone is more sufficient at removing pollutants in wastewater than peroxone. Hence, E-peroxone was found to be more cost-effective than AOP in this case.

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Pandis, Pavlos K., Charalampia Kalogirou, Eirini Kanellou, Christos Vaitsis, Maria G. Savvidou, Georgia Sourkouni, Antonis A. Zorpas e Christos Argirusis. "Key Points of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Wastewater, Organic Pollutants and Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment: A Mini Review". ChemEngineering 6, n. 1 (18 gennaio 2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering6010008.

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Advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) refer to a variety of technical procedures that produce OH radicals to sufficiently oxidize wastewater, organic pollutant streams, and toxic effluents from industrial, hospital, pharmaceutical and municipal wastes. Through the implementation of such procedures, the (post) treatment of such waste effluents leads to products that are more susceptible to bioremediation, are less toxic and possess less pollutant load. The basic mechanism produces free OH radicals and other reactive species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc. A basic classification of AOPs is presented in this short review, analyzing the processes of UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton, ozone-based (O3) processes, photocatalysis and sonolysis from chemical and equipment points of view to clarify the nature of the reactive species in each AOP and their advantages. Finally, combined AOP implementations are favored through the literature as an efficient solution in addressing the issue of global environmental waste management.

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Kuo, Benny. "SiP Technology for Wireless Module Miniaturization". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, DPC (1 gennaio 2015): 001956–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2015dpc-tha21.

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SiP (System in package) module provide a integrate functions, smaller and thinner package solution on electronic portable devices. For the wireless application, the advanced AoP (Antenna on package) and compartment shielding has been proposed and developed by Advanced Semiconductor Engineering (ASE), Inc. to be the next request for complex application and miniaturization solution. For AoP package, more focus on near field/wireless connection to have specific metal antenna design and attached on package surface to achieve SiP module miniaturization and perform required antenna efficiency on low frequency application. Advanced compartment shielding provide the simple method on function isolation area to prevent the electromagnetic noise interference (EMI) and high level of total radiated EMI from system product due to more complex package performance. The major benefit of novel AoP package is transfer the antenna designed on PCB to directly attached on package to reduce the PCB X/Y dimension but still keep antenna efficiency performance. The fabrication of AoP consists of following factors: 1) special substrate design to have antenna connection pads; 2) specific 3D metal frame design for antenna; 3) antenna frame attachment and over mold for package. Following these processes, AoP provide a simple process on package assembly and smaller dimension of package. For compartment shielding development in ASE, previously we design a metal can on module package to reduce EMI but induce a thickness increase. The novel compartment shielding more focus on shielding frame design inside the package to achieve simple process flow and good shielding performance, their fabrication consists the following factors: 1) specific tooth-type frame design to have shielding function for different zone in package and provide suitable slot width/pitch ratio for mold flow; 2) adhesion material for metal frame attached on substrate ; 3) over mold and laser trenching; 4) conductive material sputtering on package surface. This novel compartment shielding solution provides a simplified shielding and more reliable process on SiP module package. Wireless module was designed RF/power/Switch/Bluetooth function inside the package, the high density of electrical function is usually designed in the portable devices with small/thinner size. Advanced AoP or compartment shielding technology provides more competitive solution on SiP module miniaturization. In the paper, we will present the design for AoP and compartment shielding, process characterization and measurement of antenna and shielding performance of module to present the advantage of SiP modules with this technology application.

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Kaplan, Aviv, Hadas Mamane, Yaal Lester e Dror Avisar. "Trace Organic Compound Removal from Wastewater Reverse-Osmosis Concentrate by Advanced Oxidation Processes with UV/O3/H2O2". Materials 13, n. 12 (19 giugno 2020): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122785.

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Advanced technologies, such as reverse osmosis (RO), allow the reuse of treated wastewater for direct or indirect potable use. However, even highly efficient RO systems produce ~10–15% highly contaminated concentrate as a byproduct. This wastewater RO concentrate (WWROC) is very rich in metal ions, nutrients, and hard-to-degrade trace organic compounds (TOrCs), such as pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, flame retardants, and detergents, which must be treated before disposal. WWROC could be up to 10 times more concentrated than secondary effluent. We examined the efficiency of several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on TOrC removal from a two-stage WWROC matrix in a pilot wastewater-treatment facility. WWROC ozonation or UV irradiation, with H2O2 addition, demonstrated efficient removal of TOrCs, varying between 21% and over 99% degradation, and indicating that radical oxidation (by HO·) is the dominant mechanism. However, AOPs are not sufficient to fully treat the WWROC, and thus, additional procedures are required to decrease metal ion and nutrient concentrations. Further biological treatment post-AOP is also highly important, to eliminate the degradable organic molecules obtained from the AOP.

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Lincho, João, João Gomes e Rui C. Martins. "Paraben Compounds—Part II: An Overview of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Their Degradation". Applied Sciences 11, n. 8 (15 aprile 2021): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083556.

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Water scarcity represents a problem for billions of people and is expected to get worse in the future. To guarantee people’s water needs, the use of “first-hand water” or the reuse of wastewater must be done. Wastewater treatment and reuse are favorable for this purpose, since first-hand water is scarce and the economic needs for the exploration of this type of water are increasing. In wastewater treatment, it is important to remove contaminants of emerging concern, as well as pathogenic agents. Parabens are used in daily products as preservatives and are detected in different water sources. These compounds are related to different human health problems due to their endocrine-disrupting behavior, as well as several problems in animals. Thus, their removal from water streams is essential to achieve safe reusable water. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are considered very promising technologies for wastewater treatment and can be used as alternatives or as complements of the conventional wastewater treatments that are inefficient in the removal of such contaminants. Different AOP technologies such as ozonation, catalytic ozonation, photocatalytic ozonation, Fenton’s, and photocatalysis, among others, have already been used for parabens abatement. This manuscript critically overviews several AOP technologies used in parabens abatement. These treatments were evaluated in terms of ecotoxicological assessment since the resulting by-products of parabens abatement can be more toxic than the parent compounds. The economic aspect was also analyzed to evaluate and compare the considered technologies.

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Carey, J. H. "An Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) for Destruction of Organics in Wastewater". Water Quality Research Journal 27, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1992): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.001.

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Abstract Various processes that have been suggested for the oxidation of organic compounds in wastewater are summarized. The most widely applicable are based on generation of hydroxyl radicals via the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide, ozone and titanium dioxide. Other methods of generating hydroxyl radicals and other oxidants, as well as other methods of oxidation that have been suggested for organic wastewater treatment are also discussed.

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Suty, H., C. De Traversay e M. Cost. "Applications of advanced oxidation processes: present and future". Water Science and Technology 49, n. 4 (1 febbraio 2004): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0270.

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The use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to remove pollutants in various water treatment applications has been the subject of study for around 30 years. Most of the available processes (Fenton reagent, O3 under basic conditions, O3/H2O2, O3/UV, O3/solid catalyst, H2O2/Mn+, H2O2/UV, photo-assisted Fenton, H2O2/solid catalyst, H2O2/NaClO, TiO2/UV etc.) have been investigated in depth and a considerable body of knowledge has been built up about the reactivity of many pollutants. Various industrial applications have been developed, including ones for ground remediation (TCE, PCE), the removal of pesticides from drinking water, the removal of formaldehyde and phenol from industrial waste water and a reduction in COD from industrial waste water. The development of such AOP applications has been stimulated by increasingly stringent regulations, the pollution of water resources through agricultural and industrial activities and the requirement that industry meet effluent discharge standards. Nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain an accurate picture of the use of AOPs and its exact position in the range of water treatment processes has not been determined to date. The purpose of this overview is to discuss those processes and provide an indication of future trends.

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Ion, Rodica-Mariana, Lorena Iancu, Ramona Marina Grigorescu e Madalina Elena David. "Adsorption Processes Coupled with Photochemical Depolution of Waters Contaminated with Direct Orange-26 Azo Dye". Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 18, n. 18 (1 aprile 2022): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bsmm-2022-0005.

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Abstract The present work aims to study the adsorption processes and the photochemical depollution of the waters contaminated with Direct Orange textile dyes - 26 released into the water. Also, the paper shows the polysulfone (PSf) membranes, used for adsorption processes of the textile dyes azo - direct-orange-26, presenting the kinetics and experimental adsorption conditions for such processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) processes used in photochemical depollution technologies are studied for water contaminated with Direct Orange 26 textile dye, after a preliminary adsorption process, with ZnFe2O4 ferrite photocatalysts.

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Skіba, Margarita, e Olexandr Pivovarov. "PLASMA-ASSISTED ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS AND NOVEL MATERIALS FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT". WATER AND WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NEWS 28, n. 3 (9 novembre 2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/wptstn.v28i3.207254.

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The rapid growth in world population brings with it the need for improvement in the current technology for water purification, in order to provide adequate potable water to everyone. The plasma-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) is one of the most widely studied and best developed processes owing to its environmental compatibility, simple structure, efficiencies and ease of operation. In this study, a plasma-based AOP was stably generated using contact non-equilibrium low-temperature plasma and plasma synthesized composite nanomaterials (TiO2/Ag NPs) for water and wastewater purification. The degradation efficiency of the pollutants was determined by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. It was found that, due to the simultaneous production of highly reactive species, plasmas can efficiently eliminate pollutants that are difficult to remove using conventional methods. Aqueous solutions of various pollutants were treated by a low-pressure discharge. Experimental results indicated that CNP was effective for degradation azo dye pollutants (methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange MO) and antibiotics (ofloxacin (OFX) and ciprofloxacin (CFX)): МВ and МО were degraded by 98.5% and 97.0%, respectively after 3 min of plasma treatment; OFX and CFX were degraded by ~95.0% and 80.0%, respectively AOP by CNP indicated. The photodegradation of methylene blue catalyzed by plasma synthesized TiO2/Ag was studied under UV irradiation. The degradation (~91%) was obtained with 2.4 g/L TiO2/Ag within 90 min irradiation.

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Kozak, Jolanta, e Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła. "FOTODEGRADATION OF LOW MASS MOLECULE PAHS IN FENTON PROCESS". Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego / Inżynieria Środowiska 168, n. 48 (29 dicembre 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5885.

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Nowadays, the attention of many researchers and scientists is focused on wastewater treatment technologies which are designed to remove toxic and/or persistant compounds. PAHs belong to this type of compounds. Studies have shown that advanced oxidation processes (AOP-advanced oxidation processes) can be used for PAHs degradation. One of the AOP methods is oxidation using Fenton's reagent (Fe2 + / H2O2). The aim of this modification is a search for alternative sources of hydroxyl radicals than H2O2 and support that processes by UV light.. The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of photocatalysis of low molecular weight PAHs in pretreated coking wastewater under Fenton reaction conditions. The source of hydroxyl radicals was calcium peroxide and the process was supported by UV radiation. The oxidation efficiency was assessed on the basis of PAH analyzes in the pre-and post-oxidation samples. Qualitative and quantitative identification of PAHs was carried out using gas chromatography in combination with GC-MS mass spectrometry. The decrease in the concentration of the analyzed carbohydrates was in the range of 17 to 96%. Studies have shown that calcium peroxide can be an alternative source of hydroxyl radicals for the PAH degradation present in coke wastwater.

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Feliciano, Adriane Rayssa Seguins, Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena, Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana, Léa Elias Mendes Carneiro Zaidan, Pollyanna Michelle da Silva, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Marta Maria Menezes Bezerra Duarte e Daniella Carla Napoleão. "Advanced oxidation processes employment for the degradation of lamivudine: kinetic assessment, toxicity study and mathematical modeling". Water Quality Research Journal 55, n. 3 (3 luglio 2020): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2020.010.

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Abstract Population growth has led to an increase in the production and use of synthetic compounds such as drugs, whose different classes are being investigated. However, the antiretrovirals are still poorly studied. Since the conventional treatments used in the effluent treatment plants have not been able to degrade these substances, other treatment techniques have been evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study and optimize the use of advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) in the degradation of lamivudine. It was found, initially, that the photo-peroxidation degraded 69% of the compound after 60 min of exposure to UV-C radiation, and that after evaluating the effect of the [H2O2], a degradation of 95% was achieved by using 250 mg L−1 of this reagent. The reaction kinetics showed a good fit to the pseudo-first-order model, and the artificial neural network MLP (3-12-1) demonstrated a good accuracy, managing to predict percentages of degradation for the studied AOP. Toxicity tests indicated an increase in the toxic effect on seeds, but the same was not observed in relation to enterobacteria. In general, the appropriateness of the application of AOP in the degradation of the aqueous solution has been demonstrated, with the largest studies regarding the effects of toxicity.

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Galbičková, Blanka, Lenka Blinová e Maroš Soldán. "Using of AOP Process for Phenol Removal from Wastewater". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (dicembre 2013): 1690–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1690.

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Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed as an emerging technology for hazardous organic treatment in industrial wastewater. For phenol removing from wastewater traditional disinfection by chlorine is not appropriate because of generating more toxic pollutants - chlorophenols so AOPs are widely used for disinfection of this kind of water. In this paper for phenol degradation is used physico-chemical method (ozonization). Also influence of catalyst is monitored. As catalyst red mud and black nickel mud are used. These catalysts are waste from metal production. Results from analyses are compared.

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Wang, Feifei, Lu Zhang, Liangfu Wei e Jan Peter van der Hoek. "Removal of Hydrogen Peroxide Residuals and By-Product Bromate from Advanced Oxidation Processes by Granular Activated Carbon". Water 13, n. 18 (7 settembre 2021): 2460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182460.

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During drinking water treatment, advanced oxidation process (AOP) with O3 and H2O2 may result in by-products, residual H2O2 and BrO3−. The water containing H2O2 and BrO3− often flows into subsequent granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. A concentrated H2O2 solution can be used as GAC modification reagent at 60 °C to improve its adsorption ability. However, whether low concentrations of H2O2 residuals from AOP can modify GAC, and the impact of H2O2 residuals on BrO3− removal by the subsequent GAC filter at ambient temperature, is unknown. This study evaluated the modification of GAC surface functional groups by residual H2O2 and its effect on BrO3− removal by GAC. Results showed that both H2O2 and BrO3− were effectively removed by virgin GAC, while pre-loaded and regenerated GACs removed H2O2 but not BrO3− anymore. At the ambient temperature 150 µmol/L H2O2 residuals consumed large amounts of functional groups, which resulted in the decrease of BrO3− removal by virgin GAC in the presence of H2O2 residuals. Redox reactions between BrO3− and surface functional groups played a dominant role in BrO3− removal by GAC, and only a small amount of BrO3− was removed by GAC adsorption. The higher the pH, the less BrO3− removal and the more H2O2 removal was observed.

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Wacławek, Stanisław. "Do We Still Need a Laboratory to Study Advanced Oxidation Processes? A Review of the Modelling of Radical Reactions used for Water Treatment". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 28, n. 1 (1 marzo 2021): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2021-0002.

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Abstract Environmental pollution due to humankind’s often irresponsible actions has become a serious concern in the last few decades. Numerous contaminants are anthropogenically produced and are being transformed in ecological systems, which creates pollutants with unknown chemical properties and toxicity. Such chemical pathways are usually examined in the laboratory, where hours are often needed to perform proper kinetic experiments and analytical procedures. Due to increased computing power, it becomes easier to use quantum chemistry computation approaches (QCC) for predicting reaction pathways, kinetics, and regioselectivity. This review paper presents QCC for describing the oxidative degradation of contaminants by advanced oxidation processes (AOP, i.e., techniques utilizing •OH for degradation of pollutants). Regioselectivity was discussed based on the Acid Blue 129 compound. Moreover, the forecasting of the mechanism of hydroxyl radical reaction with organic pollutants and the techniques of prediction of degradation kinetics was discussed. The reactions of •OH in various aqueous systems (explicit and implicit solvation) with water matrix constituents were reviewed. For example, possible singlet oxygen formation routes in the AOP systems were proposed. Furthermore, quantum chemical computation was shown to be an excellent tool for solving the controversies present in the field of environmental chemistry, such as the Fenton reaction debate [main species were determined to be: •OH < pH = 2.2 < oxoiron(IV)]. An ongoing discussion on such processes concerning similar reactions, e.g., associated with sulphate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOP), could, in the future, be enriched by similar means. It can be concluded that, with the rapid growth of computational power, QCC can replace most of the experimental investigations related to the pollutant’s remediation in the future; at the same time, experiments could be pushed aside for quality assessment only.

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Galbičková, Blanka, Michal Belcik, Ivan Hrušovský, Maroš Soldán, Karol Balog e Janka Ševčíková. "Hazard Analysis in Phenol Removal from Natural Water Sources". Advanced Materials Research 1001 (agosto 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1001.75.

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AOP processes (Advanced Oxidation processes) are presently used as an alternative to traditional methods for removing of persistent pollutants from wastewater. Article is focused on removal of phenol from wastewater by using UV photodegradation. As a source of UV light medium pressure mercury lamp with output 400W is used. The aim of article is to perform hazard analysis in work with UV photoreactor by HAZOP method, eliminate risks in working with this equipment and propose corrective measures to improve quality of health and safety during work.

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Oliveira, Marcos André Soares de, Naiana Santos da Cruz Santana Neves, Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana, Alex Leandro Andrade de Lucena, Léa Elias Mendes Carneiro Zaidan, Vanessa De Oliveira Marques Cavalcanti, Gilson Lima da Silva e Daniella Carla Napoleão. "Employment of advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of a textile dye mixture: evaluation of reaction parameters, kinetic study, toxicity and modeling by artificial neural networks". Revista Eletrônica em Gestão, Educação e Tecnologia Ambiental 25 (6 aprile 2021): e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2236117063909.

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Organic contaminants in industrial effluents threaten the quality of water resources, especially due to their resistance to natural degradation. The textile industry gain relevance, considering that it generates large volumes. This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for the degradation of the mixture textile dyes in solution. After optimization of the main parameters involved in the applied processes and systems, the AOP with greater efficiency in the degradation of the compounds was the photo-Fenton/UV-C (92%) after 360 min of treatment. The experimental data showed a better fit to the Chan and Chu kinetic model and trough an evaluation using artificial neural networks it was possible to predict the maximum degradation achievable by the dye mixture. The toxicity assays, using multiple species of seeds indicated a treated solution with no toxic effects and that the applied methodology can be used without affecting the water resources.

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Kornmueller, A. "Review of fundamentals and specific aspects of oxidation technologies in marine waters". Water Science and Technology 55, n. 12 (1 giugno 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.379.

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This review is based on the existing literature and on our experiences in the application of different oxidation processes in brackish water and seawater. The oxidation reactions of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are considerably different in marine waters from well-known drinking, process and wastewater applications. In contrast, the major secondary oxidants are bromine species in marine waters, which might form the DBPs of concern bromate and bromoform. An efficient AOP application needs knowledge of the source water constitutions and the oxidant demand. Besides changes in the oxidants chemistry compared to fresh water, the great and seasonal variation of marine waters has to be considered in the process design. The complexity of oxidant reactions and formation of byproducts are only partially researched and known as yet. Hence, it is advisable to determine the characteristic and variation of the water source as well as its influence on each AOP in experiments prior to the process design.

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Onda, K., S. Y. Yang, A. Miya e T. Tanaka. "Evaluation of estrogen-like activity on sewage treatment processes using recombinant yeast". Water Science and Technology 46, n. 11-12 (1 dicembre 2002): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0764.

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Four sewage treatment plants based on an activated sludge process and a pilot scale plant for advanced sewage treatment located in Japan were evaluated for removal of estrogenic substances using in vitro recombinant yeast assay and chemical analysis. The results indicated that 17βl-estradiol (E2) significantly contributed to estrogen-like activity analyzed by yeast assay especially in secondary treated effluents. On the other hand, batch study showed that estrogen-like activity of spiked E2 was easily decreased by an activated sludge treatment. This result suggested that E2 concentrations measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were interpreted as false positives in effluents, and that unknown estrogenic substances other than E2 might have contributed to estrogen-like activity in the secondary treated effluents. Further, in the pilot scale study, advanced sewage treatment processes such as a biological aerated filtration (BAF) process, an advanced oxidation process (AOP), were effective for the removal of those estrogenic activities contributed by unknown estrogenic substances in sewage secondary treated effluent.

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Lucena, Alex Leandro, Rayany Magali da Rocha Santana, Marcos André Oliveira, Luciano Costa Almeida, Marta Maria Bezerra Duarte Duarte e Daniella Carla Napoleão. "Evaluation of combined radiation for the treatment of lamivudine and zidovudine via AOP". Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, n. 00 (2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq210309029l.

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The presence of pharmaceutical contaminants in nature is an environmental problem generating increasing concerns. Due to this, it is necessary to evaluate treatments that are capable of degrading these contaminants, such as the advanced oxidation processes (AOP). In this work, the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton AOP were applied to degrade a mixture of the drugs lamivudine and zidovudine, in aqueous medium and synthetic effluent (SE). To this end, a bench reactor (UV-C; UV-A and sunlight irradiations) was built. The AOP treatments efficiency was evaluated by ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry. The tests involved the application of the irradiations individually and combined. The best operational conditions were [H2O2] of 600 mg.L-1 and [Fe] of 0.5 mg.L-1, for both matrices, with degradations of 90.53% and 89.32% for the photoperoxidation and photo-Fenton processes in aqueous media and 88.69% and 85.79% in SE. Kinetic studies showed a good fit for two pseudo-first order models with R2 > 0.93. Toxicity tests involving the application of lettuce, carrot, and tomato seeds showed an inhibition for the three seeds when submitted to solutions after treatment, for both matrices, this fact is corroborated by the HPLC analysis, in which the formation of small peaks was verified, suggestive of the formation of by-products. Thus, it can be affirmed that both photo-Fenton and photoperoxidation processes are efficient to degrade the drug mixture when applying UV-C radiation.

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Sallehuddin, Aida Humaira, e Sabrina Karim. "Sulfate-radicals Advanced Oxidation Processes by Biochar-based Catalysts and Applications in the Degradation of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Wastewater: A Review". ICMST 19, s9 (10 agosto 2023): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.s9.40.

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Increasing input of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been increasing rapidly nowadays. Various wastewater treatment technologies have been studied to remove EDCs in water and wastewater. Due to its high oxidation potential and other benefits over other tertiary wastewater treatments, the establishment of advanced oxidation processes based on sulfate radicals (SR-AOP) has been of attention in recent years. There are numerous activation methods to produce sulfate radicals from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) such as ultrasound, transition metals, and the use of carbon catalysts. This review manuscript focuses to provide the latest overview of different methods of PDS and PMS activation and different utilization of this technology focusing on water and wastewater treatment. Besides that, this article also focused on the utilization of carbon-based catalysts as a substitute for metal catalysts as an activator in the SR-AOP process. This review also aims to discuss the perspectives for the biochar-based catalyst application and expand their potential for removing organic pollutants.

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Parsa, Zahra, Ramdhane Dhib e Mehrab Mehrvar. "Dynamic Modelling, Process Control, and Monitoring of Selected Biological and Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: A Review of Recent Developments". Bioengineering 11, n. 2 (16 febbraio 2024): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11020189.

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This review emphasizes the significance of formulating control strategies for biological and advanced oxidation process (AOP)-based wastewater treatment systems. The aim is to guarantee that the effluent quality continuously aligns with environmental regulations while operating costs are minimized. It highlights the significance of understanding the dynamic behaviour of the process in developing effective control schemes. The most common process control strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are explained and listed. It is emphasized that the proper control scheme should be selected based on the process dynamic behaviour and control goal. This study further discusses the challenges associated with the control of wastewater treatment processes, including inadequacies in developed models, the limitations of most control strategies to the simulation stage, the imperative requirement for real-time data, and the financial and technical intricacies associated with implementing advanced controller hardware. It is discussed that the necessity of the availability of real-time data to achieve reliable control can be achieved by implementing proper, accurate hardware sensors in suitable locations of the process or by developing and implementing soft sensors. This study recommends further investigation on available actuators and the criteria for choosing the most appropriate one to achieve robust and reliable control in WWTPs, especially for biological and AOP-based treatment approaches.

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Tuerk, J., B. Sayder, A. Boergers, H. Vitz, T. K. Kiffmeyer e S. Kabasci. "Efficiency, costs and benefits of AOPs for removal of pharmaceuticals from the water cycle". Water Science and Technology 61, n. 4 (1 febbraio 2010): 985–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.004.

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Different advanced oxidation processes (AOP) were developed for the treatment of highly loaded wastewater streams. Optimisation of removal and improvement of efficiency were carried out on a laboratory, semiworks and pilot plant scale. The persistent cytostatic drug cyclophosphamide was selected as a reference substance regarding elimination and evaluation of the various oxidation processes because of its low degradability rate. The investigated processes are cost-efficient and suitable regarding the treatment of wastewater streams since they lead to efficient elimination of antibiotics and antineoplastics. A total reduction of toxicity was proven by means of the umuC-test. However, in order to reduce pharmaceuticals from the water cycle, it must be considered that the input of more than 80 % of the pharmaceuticals entering wastewater treatment systems results from private households. Therefore, advanced technologies should also be installed at wastewater treatment plants.

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Zhang, Yuanyuan, Kunling Huang, Yunjie Zhu, Xuan Chen, Min Wei e Kefu Yu. "Kinetics and mechanisms of flumequine degradation by sulfate radical based AOP in different water samples containing inorganic anions". RSC Advances 12, n. 16 (2022): 10088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00199c.

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Schrank, S. G., H. J. José, R. F. P. M. Moreira e H. Fr Schröder. "Comparison of different advanced oxidation process to reduce toxicity and mineralisation of tannery wastewater". Water Science and Technology 50, n. 5 (1 settembre 2004): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0345.

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Many organic compounds contained in wastewater are resistant to conventional chemical and/or biological treatment. Because of this reason different degradation techniques are studied as an alternative to biological and classical physico-chemical processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) probably have developed to become the best options in the near future. AOP while making use of different reaction systems, are all characterised by the same chemical feature: production of OH radicals (*OH). The versatility of AOPs is also enhanced by the fact that they offer different possibilities for OH radical production, thus allowing them to conform to specific treatment requirements. The main problem with AOPs is their high cost. The application of solar technologies to these processes could help to diminish that problem by reducing the energy consumption required for generating UV radiation. In this work, different AOPs (O3, TiO2/UV, Fenton and H2O2/UV) were examined to treat tannery wastewater or as a pre-treatment step for improving the biodegradation of tannery wastewater, at different pH and dosage of the chemicals. Under certain circumstances retardation in biodegradation and/or an increase in toxicity may be observed within these treatment steps. Two different bioassays (Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri) have been used for testing the progress of toxicity during the treatment. In parallel other objectives were to analyse and identify organic compounds present in the untreated wastewater and arising degradation products in AOP treated wastewater samples. For this purpose substance specific techniques, e.g., gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in positive electron impact (EI(+)) mode and atmospheric pressure ionisation (API) in combination with flow injection analysis (FIA) or liquid chromatography - mass and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS or LC-MS-MS) were performed.

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