Articoli di riviste: "Advanced dissolution"

1

Denninger, Alexander, Tim Becker, Ulrich Westedt e Karl G. Wagner. "Advanced In Vivo Prediction by Introducing Biphasic Dissolution Data into PBPK Models". Pharmaceutics 15, n. 7 (19 luglio 2023): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15071978.

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Coupling biorelevant in vitro dissolution with in silico physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) tools represents a promising method to describe and predict the in vivo performance of drug candidates in formulation development including non-passive transport, prodrug activation, and first-pass metabolism. The objective of the present study was to assess the predictability of human pharmacokinetics by using biphasic dissolution results obtained with the previously established BiPHa+ assay and PBPK tools. For six commercial drug products, formulated by different enabling technologies, the respective organic partitioning profiles were processed with two PBPK in silico modeling tools, namely PK-Sim and GastroPlus®, similar to extended-release dissolution profiles. Thus, a mechanistic dissolution/precipitation model of the assessed drug products was not required. The developed elimination/distribution models were used to simulate the pharmacokinetics of the evaluated drug products and compared with available human data. In essence, an in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was successfully developed. Organic partitioning profiles obtained from the BiPHa+ dissolution analysis enabled highly accurate predictions of the pharmacokinetic behavior of the investigated drug products. In addition, PBPK models of (pro-)drugs with pronounced first-pass metabolism enabled adjustment of the solely passive diffusion predicting organic partitioning profiles, and increased prediction accuracy further.

2

Orian, Laura. "Editorial: Special Issue on “Advanced Strategies for Catalyst Design”". Catalysts 11, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010038.

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Fan, Xuliang, Yangfan Zhang, Jing Li, Kang Yang, Zhongxin Liang, Yaoguang Chen, Cunyuan Zhao, Zishou Zhang e Kancheng Mai. "A general dissolution–recrystallization strategy to achieve sulfur-encapsulated carbon for an advanced lithium–sulfur battery". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, n. 25 (2018): 11664–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02180e.

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A novel dissolution–recrystallization strategy is, for the first time, proposed to fabricate a series of carbon@S cathodes via dissolution–recrystallization of granular sulfur into uniform sulfur layer encapsulated carbon in selective solution.

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Kryeziu, Arjeta, Václav Slovák e Alžběta Parchaňská. "Liquefaction of Cellulose for Production of Advanced Porous Carbon Materials". Polymers 14, n. 8 (16 aprile 2022): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14081621.

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Cellulose is a renewable resource for the production of advanced carbonaceous materials for various applications. In addition to direct carbonization, attention has recently been paid to the preparation of porous carbons from liquid cellulose-based precursors. Possible pathways of cellulose conversion to a liquid state suitable for the preparation of porous carbons are summarized in this review. Hydrothermal liquefaction leading to liquid mixtures of low-molecular-weight organics is described in detail together with less common decomposition techniques (microwave or ultrasound assisted liquefaction, decomposition in a strong gravitation field). We also focus on dissolution of cellulose without decomposition, with special attention paid to dissolution of nonderivatized cellulose. For this purpose, cold alkalines, hot acids, ionic liquids, or alcohols are commonly used.

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Cappelli, Chiara, Daniel Lamarca-Irisarri, Jordi Camas, F. Javier Huertas e Alexander E. S. Van Driessche. "In situ observation of biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 and 9.5 by advanced optical microscopy". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (5 marzo 2015): 665–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.67.

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Laser confocal differential interference contrast microscopy (LCM-DIM) allows for the study of the reactivity of surface minerals with slow dissolution rates (e.g., phyllosilicates). With this technique, it is possible to carry out in situ inspection of the reacting surface in a broad range of pH, ionic strength and temperature providing useful information to help unravel the dissolution mechanisms of phyllosilicates. In this work, LCM-DIM was used to study the mechanisms controlling the biotite (001) surface dissolution at pH 1 (11 and 25 °C) and pH 9.5 (50 °C). Step edges are the preferential sites of dissolution and lead to step retreat, regardless of the solution pH. At pH 1, layer swelling and peeling takes place, whereas at pH 9.5 fibrous structures (streaks) form at the step edges. Confocal Raman spectroscopy characterization of the reacted surface could not confirm if the formation of a secondary phase was responsible for the presence of these structures.

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Lyu, Xiaocong, e Denis Voskov. "Advanced modeling of enhanced CO2 dissolution trapping in saline aquifers". International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 127 (luglio 2023): 103907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2023.103907.

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Justen, Anna, Alina Faye Weltersbach, Gerhard Schaldach e Markus Thommes. "Design and Characterization of a Melt Electrostatic Precipitator for Advanced Drug Formulations". Processes 12, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2024): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010100.

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Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are especially known for the efficient separation of micron and submicron particles from aerosols. Wet electrostatic precipitators are particularly suitable for highly resistive materials. Using these, particles can be directly transferred into a liquid for further processing or safer handling, which is advantageous for either hazardous or valuable materials. In this work, a wet ESP, which enables the separation of highly resistive particles into a heated liquid, was designed and investigated. To do this, spray-dried drug particles were embedded in a molten sugar alcohol to enhance the drug dissolution rate. After cooling, the solidified product showed advantageous properties such as a high drug dissolution rate and easy handling for further processing. For the design of the wet ESP, different discharge electrode configurations were tested. A wall film served as the collection electrode, which was generated by a specially designed distributer die. A laminar flow regime was achieved with a homogeneous film serving as the collection electrode, which is particularly important for a high separation efficiency. A prototype was designed and constructed in this respect. The particle separation into hot liquids or onto hot surfaces is challenging due to thermal effects in ESPs. The influence of thermophoresis and drag force on the particle transport was investigated, and optimum operation parameters were found for the present ESP. A broad field of applications can be covered with the presented device, where particles are embedded in even hot liquids to form liquid suspensions or, as it is presented here, solid dispersions. The dissolution of the drug-containing solid dispersion was studied in vitro. A remarkably faster drug dissolution was observed from the solid dispersion, as compared to a powder mixture of the drug and xylitol.

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Sekine, Nobuhide, e Wataru Nakao. "Advanced Self-Healing Ceramics with Controlled Degradation and Repair by Chemical Reaction". Materials 16, n. 19 (23 settembre 2023): 6368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16196368.

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Controlling the chemical reaction rate concerning degradation and repair is found to be important to design advanced self-healing ceramics. The recovery and degradation behaviors of strength and stiffness were investigated by exposing aqueous solutions of different pH and calcium ion concentrations to the introduced crack on typical self-healing ceramics dispersed with alumina cement as a self-healing agent. The chemical reaction of cement undergoes the following three stages: dissolution of components such as calcium ions, formation of a gel, and formation of final products. Experimental and thermodynamic assessments revealed that even under conditions where the final products are identical (thermodynamic equilibrium), kinetic effects (excessive dissolution of components or insufficient crystal formation) result in strength degradation rather than repair. It was also suggested that the repair function could be enhanced by controlling the nucleation site of the crystals.

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Abou-Taleb, Heba A., Wesam W. Mustafa, Tarek Saad Makram, Lamiaa N. Abdelaty, Hesham Salem e Hamdy Abdelkader. "Vardenafil Oral Dispersible Films (ODFs) with Advanced Dissolution, Palatability, and Bioavailability". Pharmaceutics 14, n. 3 (26 febbraio 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14030517.

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Oral, quick response, and on demand, also known as a spontaneous oral treatment for erectile dysfunction, is highly needed by both patients and physicians. Vardenafil is selective (fewer side effects) and more effective in difficult-to-treat conditions than sildenafil. This study aims at fostering the dual objectives of using biomolecules such as artificial sweetening agents to solubilize and mask the bitterness of vardenafil loaded on biodegradable polymeric materials (PVA, MC, SA, and PVP K30) to fabricate oral, fast-dissolving films (vardenafil ODFs) in the mouth without the need for water to ingest the dosage form. Furthermore, coprecipitated-dispersed mixtures of vardenafil and three sweeteners (sorbitol, acesulfame K, and sucralose) were prepared and characterized using FTIR, DSC, and solubility studies. Moreover, eight different vardenafil ODFs were prepared using the solvent-casting method. Modified gustatory sensation test, in vitro disintegration, and release studies were performed. In addition, the optimized ODF (F8) was compared with the commercial film-coated tablets pharmacokinetically (relative bioavailability, onset, and duration of actions were estimated). The results indicated that the three sweetening agents had comparable solubilizing capacity. However, both sucralose- and acesulfame K-based ODFs have a more enhanced sweet and palatable taste than sorbitol-sweetened ODF. The SA- and PVP K30-based ODFs showed significantly faster disintegration times and release rates than MC. In conclusion, PVA has good film-forming properties, but a higher ratio of PVA adversely affected the disintegration and release characteristics. The % relative bioavailability for ODF was 126.5%, with a superior absorption rate constant (Ka) of 1.2-fold. The Cmax and estimated Tmax were compared to conventional film-coated tablets.

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SAITO, Takayuki, Takeo KAJISHIMA e Katsumi TSUCHIYA. "Deep Ocean CO2 Sequestration via GLAD (Gas-Lift Advanced Dissolution) System". Journal of Environment and Engineering 6, n. 2 (2011): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jee.6.412.

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Komsta, Łukasz, e Katarzyna Wicha-Komsta. "Quantitative evaluation of dissolution profiles: From simple approaches to advanced chemometrics". Arhiv za farmaciju 74, n. 2 (2024): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm74-49757.

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Many forms of drugs are designed to undergo dissolution upon oral administration. The kinetics and efficiency of this process are critical parameters to be controlled. The methods of its evaluation are described in official guidelines issued by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA) and World Health Organization (WHO). Many approaches of comparison have been proposed, because these guidelines are not limited to a particular mathematical method. This review summarizes the current state of this topic, covering both model-dependent and model-independent methods, as well as multivariate ideas. The references have been chosen to be the most important papers in the field, so that they can be treated by the reader as the best possible recommendations for further reading.

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Thangadurai, Venkataraman. "(Invited) Garnet Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n. 47 (9 ottobre 2022): 1759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02471759mtgabs.

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These days, Li metal anode-based battery has been arisen as one of the key energy storage technologies due to its high theoretical energy density compared to conventional lithium and sodium ion-based batteries. The present Li-S batteries suffer due to Li dendrite formation and capacity decay due to polysulfide dissolution effect, because of organic electrolytes used in the current research. Solid state (ceramic) electrolytes are promising to prevent Li dendrite growth and polysulfide dissolution. Among different ceramic electrolytes garnet-type structure solid inorganic electrolytes are very promising because of its high lithium-ion conductivity and stability with elemental Li. However, the high interfacial resistance with the electrode is the major bottleneck for the practical use of ceramic electrolyte. Polymer and ceramic hybrid electrolytes exhibit low interfacial resistance. In this talk, we will present development of electrolytes for all-solid-state Li metal batteries.

13

Yan, Min, Yang Zhang, Yu Li, Yongqi Huo, Yong Yu, Chao Wang, Jun Jin et al. "Manganese dioxide nanosheet functionalized sulfur@PEDOT core–shell nanospheres for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, n. 24 (2016): 9403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta03211g.

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MnO₂ nanosheet functionalized S@PEDOT core–shell nanospheres demonstrate highly enhanced electrochemical performance for Li–S batteries, benefitting from effectively trapping polysulfides, minimizing polysulfide dissolution, and improving cathode conductivity and wettability.

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Jia, Jingfu, Kerong Zhang, Xue Zhou, Dan Zhou e Fahuan Ge. "Precise Dissolution Control and Bioavailability Evaluation for Insoluble Drug Berberine via a Polymeric Particle Prepared Using Supercritical CO2". Polymers 10, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2018): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111198.

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It is still controversial whether poor aqueous solubility is the most primary reason for the low oral bioavailability of insoluble drugs. Therefore, in this study, berberine-loaded solid polymeric particles (BPs) of varied dissolution profiles with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as carrier were fabricated using solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS), and the relationship between dissolution and berberine (BBR) bioavailability was evaluated. Dissolution property was controlled via particle morphology manipulation, which was achieved by adjusting several key operating parameters during the SEDS process. Characterization on BP using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction indicated that BBR was dispersed in amorphous form, while nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that methoxy groups of BBR were included into the cavities of β-CD. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that oral bioavailability increased by about 54% and 86% when the dissolution rate of BBR was increased by 51% and 83%, respectively. The entry speed of BBR into the bloodstream was also advanced with the degree of dissolution enhancement. It seemed that dissolution enhancement gave positive effect to the oral bioavailability of berberine, but this might not be the crucial point. Meanwhile, supercritical CO2 technology is a promising method for pharmaceutical research due to its advantages in regulating drug-dosage properties.

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Jacobsen, Ann-Christin, Anna Krupa, Martin Brandl e Annette Bauer-Brandl. "High-Throughput Dissolution/Permeation Screening—A 96-Well Two-Compartment Microplate Approach". Pharmaceutics 11, n. 5 (10 maggio 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11050227.

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Early formulation screening can alleviate development of advanced oral drug formulations, such as amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Traditionally, dissolution is used to predict ASD performance. Here, a high-throughput approach is described that simultaneously screens drug dissolution and permeation employing a two-compartment 96-well plate. Freeze-drying from hydro-alcoholic solutions was used to prepare amorphous formulations. The screening approach was tested on amorphous and crystalline tadalafil formulations with and without Soluplus®. The workflow consisted of: (1) dispersion of the formulations; (2) incubation within the two-compartment plate, where a dialysis membrane separated donor (dispersed formulation) and acceptor; (3) sampling (donor and acceptor), where donor samples were centrifuged to remove non-dissolved material; and (4) quantification by UHPLC-UV. To identify optimal screening conditions, the following parameters were varied: dispersion medium (buffer/biomimetic media), acceptor medium (buffer/surfactant solutions), and incubation time (1, 3, and 6 h). Surfactants (acceptor) increased tadalafil permeation. Biomimetic medium (donor) enhanced dissolution, but not permeation, except for freeze-dried tadalafil, for which the permeated amount increased. The predictiveness was evaluated by comparing dissolution-/permeation-results with in vivo bioavailability. In general, both dissolution and permeation reflected bioavailability, whereof the latter was a better predictor. High-throughput dissolution/permeation is regarded promising for formulation screening.

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TAKAHASHI, Takuma, e Wuled LENGGORO. "Synthesis and Dissolution of Particles for Advanced Mass Transport in Plant Bodies". Hosokawa Powder Technology Foundation ANNUAL REPORT 30 (25 maggio 2023): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/hptf.21506.

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Gao, Ying, Tibi Sorop, Niels Brussee, Hilbert Van der Linde, Ab Coorn, Matthias Appel e Steffen Berg. "Advanced Digital-SCAL Measurements of Gas Trapped in Sandstone". Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 64, n. 3 (1 giugno 2023): 368–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv64n3-2023a4.

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Trapped gas saturation (Sgr) plays an important role in subsurface engineering, such as carbon capture and storage, H2 storage efficiency as well as the production of natural gas. Unfortunately, Sgr is notoriously difficult to measure in the laboratory or field. The conventional method of measurement—low-rate unsteady-state coreflooding—is often impacted by gas dissolution effects, resulting in large uncertainties of the measured Sgr. Moreover, it is not understood why this effect occurs, even for brines carefully pre-equilibrated with gas. To address this question, we used high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging techniques to directly visualize the pore-scale processes during gas trapping. Consistent with previous studies, we find that for pre-equilibrated brine, the remaining gas saturation continually decreased with more (pre-equilibrated) brine injected and even after the brine injection was stopped, resulting in very low Sgr values (possibly even zero) at the pore-scale level. Furthermore, we were able to clearly observe the initial trapping of gas by the snap-off effect, followed by a further shrinkage of the gas clusters that had no connected pathway to the outside. Our experimental insights suggest that the effect is related to the effective phase behavior of gas inside the porous medium, which due to the geometric confinement, could be different from the phase behavior of bulk fluids. The underlying mechanism is likely linked to ripening dynamics, which involves a coupling between phase equilibrium and dissolution/partitioning of components, diffusive transport, and capillarity in the geometric confinement of the pore space.

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Manrique-Torres, Yady Juliana, Danielle J. Lee, Faiza Islam, Lisa M. Nissen, Julie A. Y. Cichero, Jason R. Stokes e Kathryn J. Steadman. "Crushed Tablets: Does the Administration of Food Vehicles and Thickened Fluids to Aid Medication Swallowing Alter Drug Release?" Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 17, n. 2 (5 maggio 2014): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j39w3v.

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Purpose. To evaluate the influence of co-administered vehicles on in vitro dissolution in simulated gastric fluid of crushed immediate release tablets as an indicator for potential drug bioavailability compromise. Methods. Release and dissolution of crushed amlodipine, atenolol, carbamazepine and warfarin tablets were tested with six foods and drinks that are frequently used in the clinical setting as mixers for crushed medications (water, orange juice, honey, yoghurt, strawberry jam and water thickened with Easythick powder) in comparison to whole tablets. Five commercial thickening agents (Easythick Advanced, Janbak F, Karicare, Nutilis, Viscaid) at three thickness levels were tested for their effect on the dissolution of crushed atenolol tablets. Results. Atenolol dissolution was unaffected by mixing crushed tablets with thin fluids or food mixers in comparison to whole tablets or crushed tablets in water, but amlodipine was delayed by mixing with jam. Mixing crushed warfarin and carbamazepine tablets with honey, jam or yoghurt caused them to resemble the slow dissolution of whole tablets rather than the faster dissolution of crushed tablets in water or orange juice. Crushing and mixing any of the four medications with thickened water caused a significant delay in dissolution. When tested with atenolol, all types of thickening agents at the greatest thickness significantly restricted dissolution, and products that are primarily based on xanthan gum also delayed dissolution at the intermediate thickness level. Conclusions. Dissolution testing, while simplistic, is a widely used and accepted method for comparing drug release from different formulations as an indicator for in vivo bioavailability. Thickened fluids have the potential to retard drug dissolution when used at the thickest levels. These findings highlight potential clinical implications of the addition of these agents to medications for the purpose of dose delivery and indicate that further investigation of thickened fluids and their potential to influence therapeutic outcomes is warranted. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

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Nguyen, Viet Nhan Hoa, Si Jeong Song e Man Seung Lee. "Dissolution of Palladium Metal in Solvent Leaching System with the Presence of Oxidizing Agent". Metals 11, n. 4 (1 aprile 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040575.

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Platinum group metals (PGMs) are important for the manufacture of advanced materials in the field of catalysts and electronic devices. Since the chemical properties of PGMs are very similar to each other, hydrometallurgical processes should be employed to recover PGMs with high purity from either ores or secondary resources. In hydrometallurgical processes for PGMs, the first step is the dissolution of PGMs. For this purpose, inorganic acid solutions with oxidizing agents are generally employed. In this work, nonaqueous solvent leaching systems with a relatively cheap price were employed to investigate the dissolution of pure palladium (Pd) metal. The solvent leaching systems consisted of concentrated hydrochloric acid solution and commercial extractants such as tributyl phosphate (TBP), 7-hydroxydodecan-6-one oxime (LIX 63), and di-n-octyl sulfide (DOS) in the presence of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent. Among the three systems, TBP showed the best efficiency for the dissolution of Pd. The effect of several parameters like TBP concentration, temperature, time, stirring speed and the weight ratio of Pd to TBP/HCl/H2O2 was explored. The dissolution percentage of Pd by the HCl–H2O2–TBP system was higher than by the HCl–H2O–H2O2 system at the same concentration of HCl and H2O2. The role of TBP in enhancing the dissolution of Pd was discussed on the basis of the interaction between HCl and TBP. Compared to aqueous systems, mass transfer is important in the dissolution of Pd metal by the solvent leaching system. Optimum conditions for the complete dissolution of Pd were obtained.

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Denninger, Alexander, Ulrich Westedt, Jörg Rosenberg e Karl G. Wagner. "A Rational Design of a Biphasic Dissolution Setup—Modelling of Biorelevant Kinetics for a Ritonavir Hot-Melt Extruded Amorphous Solid Dispersion". Pharmaceutics 12, n. 3 (6 marzo 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12030237.

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Biphasic dissolution systems achieved good predictability for the in vivo performance of several formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs by characterizing dissolution, precipitation, re-dissolution, and absorption. To achieve a high degree of predictive performance, acceptor media, aqueous phase composition, and the apparatus type have to be carefully selected. Hence, a combination of 1-decanol and an optimized buffer system are proposed as a new, one-vessel biphasic dissolution method (BiPHa+). The BiPHa+ was developed to combine the advantages of the well-described biorelevance of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus II coupled with USP apparatus IV and a small-scale, one-vessel method. The BiPHa+ was designed for automated medium addition and pH control of the aqueous phase. In combination with the diode array UV-spectrophotometer, the system was able to determine the aqueous and the organic medium simultaneously, even if scattering or overlapping of spectra occurred. At controlled hydrodynamic conditions, the relative absorption area, the ratio between the organic and aqueous phase, and the selected drug concentrations were identified to be the discriminating factors. The performance of a hot-melt extruded ritonavir-containing amorphous solid dispersion (ritonavir-ASD) was compared in fasted-state dissolution media leading to different dissolution-partitioning profiles depending on the content of bile salts. An advanced kinetic model for ASD-based well described all phenomena from dispersing of the ASD to the partitioning of the dissolved ritonavir into the organic phase.

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MINAGAWA, KEIJI, MOHAMED R. BERBER, INAS H. HAFEZ, TAKESHI MORI e MASAMI TANAKA. "ADVANCED NANOHYBRID FORMULATION OF THE SPARINGLY SOLUBLE DRUG SULINDAC FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE STUDIES". International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (gennaio 2012): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003856.

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We offered an advanced nanohybrid formulation system of Sulindac (SUL) based on layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles. The formulated materials were characterized by X-rays, Infrared and SEM techniques to confirm the nanohybrid structure. The drug incorporation ratio was determined to be 45%. The drug solubility was improved after the LDH nanohybrid formation. The anion-exchange mechanism of LDH supported the dissolution process for the intercalated SUL.

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Yang, Zheng, Qingxiang Ma, Lei Han e Kai Tao. "Design of Mo-doped cobalt sulfide hollow nanocages from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as advanced electrodes for supercapacitors". Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 6, n. 8 (2019): 2178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qi00663j.

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A Mo-doped CoS HNC with enhanced electrochemical performance was designed by using ZIF-67 as a self-sacrificial template through a dissolution–regrowth process in the presence of NaMoO₄ with an additional sulfurization process.

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Simonian, Michael H. "Full Spectrum Quantitation: An Advanced UV/Visible Spectroscopic Method for Multicomponent Dissolution Testing". Dissolution Technologies 2, n. 2 (1995): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14227/dt020295p3.

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Cappelli, Chiara, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche, Jordi Cama e F. Javier Huertas. "In Situ Observation of Biotite Dissolution at pH 1 Using Advanced Optical Microscopy". Crystal Growth & Design 13, n. 7 (12 giugno 2013): 2880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg400285a.

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Gordon, N., D. Starosvetsky e Y. Ein-Eli. "Negative potential dissolution (NPD)-advanced and rapid texturing method of as-cut silicon". Electrochimica Acta 50, n. 27 (settembre 2005): 5313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.03.008.

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Djuris, Jelena, Sandra Cvijic e Ljiljana Djekic. "Model-Informed Drug Development: In Silico Assessment of Drug Bioperformance following Oral and Percutaneous Administration". Pharmaceuticals 17, n. 2 (30 gennaio 2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph17020177.

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The pharmaceutical industry has faced significant changes in recent years, primarily influenced by regulatory standards, market competition, and the need to accelerate drug development. Model-informed drug development (MIDD) leverages quantitative computational models to facilitate decision-making processes. This approach sheds light on the complex interplay between the influence of a drug’s performance and the resulting clinical outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to explain the mechanisms that control the dissolution and/or release of drugs and their subsequent permeation through biological membranes. Furthermore, the importance of simulating these processes through a variety of in silico models is emphasized. Advanced compartmental absorption models provide an analytical framework to understand the kinetics of transit, dissolution, and absorption associated with orally administered drugs. In contrast, for topical and transdermal drug delivery systems, the prediction of drug permeation is predominantly based on quantitative structure–permeation relationships and molecular dynamics simulations. This review describes a variety of modeling strategies, ranging from mechanistic to empirical equations, and highlights the growing importance of state-of-the-art tools such as artificial intelligence, as well as advanced imaging and spectroscopic techniques.

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Bílik, Tomáš, Jakub Vysloužil, Martina Naiserová, Jan Muselík, Miroslava Pavelková, Josef Mašek, Drahomíra Čopová, Martin Čulen e Kateřina Kubová. "Exploration of Neusilin® US2 as an Acceptable Filler in HPMC Matrix Systems—Comparison of Pharmacopoeial and Dynamic Biorelevant Dissolution Study". Pharmaceutics 14, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14010127.

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Modern pharmaceutical technology still seeks new excipients and investigates the further use in already known ones. An example is magnesium aluminometasilicate Neusilin® US2 (NEU), a commonly used inert filler with unique properties that are usable in various pharmaceutical fields of interest. We aimed to explore its application in hypromellose matrix systems (HPMC content 10–30%) compared to the traditionally used microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH 102. The properties of powder mixtures and directly compressed tablets containing individual fillers NEU or MCC, or their blend with ratios of 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1 were investigated. Besides the routine pharmaceutical testing, we have enriched the matrices’ evaluation with a biorelevant dynamic dissolution study and advanced statistical analysis. Under the USP apparatus 2 dissolution test, NEU, individually, did not provide advantages compared to MCC. The primary limitations were the burst effect increase followed by faster drug release at the 10–20% HPMC concentrations. However, the biorelevant dynamic dissolution study did not confirm these findings and showed similarities in dissolution profiles. It indicates the limitations of pharmacopoeial methods in matrix tablet development. Surprisingly, the NEU/MCC blend matrices at the same HPMC concentration showed technologically advantageous properties. Besides improved flowability, tablet hardness, and a positive impact on the in vitro drug dissolution profile toward zero-order kinetics, the USP 2 dissolution data of the samples N75M50 and N50M50 showed a similarity to those obtained from the dynamic biorelevant apparatus with multi-compartment structure. This finding demonstrates the more predictable in vivo behaviour of the developed matrix systems in human organisms.

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Bindhani, Sabitri, e Snehamayee Mohapatra. "RECENT APPROACHES OF SOLID DISPERSION: A NEW CONCEPT TOWARD ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY SABITRI BINDHANI* , SNEHAMAYEE MOHAPATRA". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.23161.

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Solid dispersion (SD) has been a major advanced technology in overcoming dissolution and bioavailability problem of poorly soluble compounds. Formulation of SD in water-soluble carrier has becoming more researched over the past four decades for solubility and relative bioavailability enhancement. By reduction of the size of the drug particle to the minimum level which will enhance drug wettability and ultimately bioavailability will be definitely improved. This review article elaborates recent advanced technology and characterization of SDs and also discusses the problems and their solution for the development of better formulations.

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Bourassa, Kyle, Grace Brennan, Avshalom Caspi e Terrie Moffitt. "RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION AND BIOLOGICAL AGING IN MID LIFE". Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2023): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.0309.

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Abstract Several decades of empirical research has shown that people who experience relationship dissolution—such as romantic breakups, divorce, and bereavement—have increased risk for poor health across a range of disease outcomes. However, it remains less clear which physiological pathways might best explain links between relationship dissolution and later health. One candidate mechanism that might help explain this wide range of observed health outcomes is accelerated biological aging, which is theorized to represent a common cause of age-related chronic diseases, disability, and early mortality. The current study examined whether relationship dissolution, measured across a 20-year period of adulthood, was associated with biological age in midlife using participants (n = 910) from the Dunedin Study, a birth cohort assessed over four decades of life. Relationship dissolution was assessed using a count of romantic breakups from age 26 until age 44 from life history calendars. Biological aging was assessed using a midlife aging factor derived from four validated measures of aging—the Pace of Aging, gait speed, BrainAGE, and facial age—assessed at age 45. We found that people with more breakups in adulthood had more advanced biological age in midlife, β = 0.10, 95% CI [0.04, 0.16], p = .003. This association remained when controlling for adversity and poor health in childhood, as well as disadvantaged socioeconomic origins and time spent in romantic relationships, β = 0.09, 95% CI [0.03, 0.15], p = .007. The results suggest accelerated aging may be one physiological mechanism linking relationship dissolution to poor health.

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Jede, Christian, Laura J. Henze, Kirstin Meiners, Malte Bogdahn, Marcel Wedel e Valeria van Axel. "Development and Application of a Dissolution-Transfer-Partitioning System (DTPS) for Biopharmaceutical Drug Characterization". Pharmaceutics 15, n. 4 (26 marzo 2023): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041069.

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A variety of in vitro dissolution and gastrointestinal transfer models have been developed aiming to predict drug supersaturation and precipitation. Further, biphasic, one-vessel in vitro systems are increasingly applied to simulate drug absorption in vitro. However, to date, there is a lack of combining the two approaches. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to develop a dissolution-transfer-partitioning system (DTPS) and, secondly, to assess its biopredictive power. In the DTPS, simulated gastric and intestinal dissolution vessels are connected via a peristaltic pump. An organic layer is added on top of the intestinal phase, serving as an absorptive compartment. The predictive power of the novel DTPS was assessed to a classical USP II transfer model using a BCS class II weak base with poor aqueous solubility, MSC-A. The classical USP II transfer model overestimated simulated intestinal drug precipitation, especially at higher doses. By applying the DTPS, a clearly improved estimation of drug supersaturation and precipitation and an accurate prediction of the in vivo dose linearity of MSC-A were observed. The DTPS provides a useful tool taking both dissolution and absorption into account. This advanced in vitro tool offers the advantage of streamlining the development process of challenging compounds.

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Whitley, Andrew, Fran Adar e Ruth Geiger. "Advanced Raman Spectroscopy for Pharmaceutical and Biological Applications". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto 2001): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600026854.

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With the advent of easy to use analytical and research instrumentation the Raman technique has finally become accepted and is now widely used by pharmaceutical and biomedical companies. Applications range from simple polymorphic crystal form and protein studies to Raman mapping studies of active/excipient distribution and association that give a better understanding of drug dissolution and effectiveness. Examples of such work will be discussed.More recently with the growing confidence in the power of Raman spectroscopy pharmaceutical and biomedical companies have teamed with instrument companies to develop specific Raman tools. One example of this is the development of a Raman mutiwell/microarray analyzer. High Throughput screening (HTS) is the latest approach in analytical technology. Used particularly in the pharmaceutical industry and in the life science laboratories, this method enables systematic screening of drug design and high throughput analysis of batch production. Combinatorial chemistry is a statistical approach in synthetic chemistry.

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JOACHIM, GLORIA. "The Birth and Dissolution of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Support Group". Gastroenterology Nursing 21, n. 3 (maggio 1998): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001610-199805000-00004.

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Omer, Asma B., Farhat Fatima, Mohammed Muqtader Ahmed, Mohammed F. Aldawsari, Ahmed Alalaiwe, Md Khalid Anwer e Abdul Aleem Mohammed. "Enhanced Apigenin Dissolution and Effectiveness Using Glycyrrhizin Spray-Dried Solid Dispersions Filled in 3D-Printed Tablets". Biomedicines 11, n. 12 (18 dicembre 2023): 3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123341.

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This study aimed to prepare glycyrrhizin–apigenin spray-dried solid dispersions and develop PVA filament-based 3D printlets to enhance the dissolution and therapeutic effects of apigenin (APN); three formulations (APN1–APN3) were proportioned from 1:1 to 1:3. A physicochemical analysis was conducted, which revealed process yields of 80.5–91% and APN content within 98.0–102.0%. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the structural preservation of APN, while Powder-XRD analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry indicated its transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous form. APN2 exhibited improved flow properties, a lower Angle of Repose, and Carr’s Index, enhancing compressibility, with the Hausner Ratio confirming favorable flow properties for pharmaceutical applications. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated superior performance with APN2, releasing up to 94.65% of the drug and revealing controlled release mechanisms with a lower mean dissolution time of 71.80 min and a higher dissolution efficiency of 19.2% compared to the marketed APN formulation. This signified enhanced dissolution and improved therapeutic onset. APN2 exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity; superior cytotoxicity against colon cancer cells (HCT-116), with a lower IC50 than APN pure; and increased antimicrobial activity. A stability study confirmed the consistency of APN2 after 90 days, as per ICH, with an f2 value of 70.59 for both test and reference formulations, ensuring reliable pharmaceutical development. This research underscores the potential of glycyrrhizin–apigenin solid dispersions for pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications, particularly highlighting the superior physicochemical properties, dissolution behavior, biological activities, and stability of APN2, while the development of a 3D printlet shell offers promise for enhanced drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes in colon cancer treatment, displaying advanced formulation and processing techniques.

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Kößler, Reinhart. "Tradition und Reproduktion". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 25, n. 101 (1 dicembre 1995): 587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v25i101.944.

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The notion of the dissolution of 'traditional' sectors in the capitalist core countries only after the Second World War is critiqued, referring to social historical data, mainly of England and Germany during the 19th and 20th centuries. As a theoretical alternative for an understanding of social and especially of household reproduction, the concept of co-existing innovative spheres under capitalism is advanced.

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Alshamrani, Meshal, Muhammad Khalid Khan, Barkat Ali Khan, Ahmad Salawi e Yosif Almoshari. "Technologies for Solubility, Dissolution and Permeation Enhancement of Natural Compounds". Pharmaceuticals 15, n. 6 (25 maggio 2022): 653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15060653.

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The current review is based on the advancements in the field of natural therapeutic agents which could be utilized for a variety of biomedical applications and against various diseases and ailments. In addition, several obstacles have to be circumvented to achieve the desired therapeutic effectiveness, among which limited dissolution and/or solubility and permeability are included. To counteract these issues, several advancements in the field of natural therapeutic substances needed to be addressed. Therefore, in this review, the possible techniques for the dissolution/solubility and permeability improvements have been addressed which could enhance the dissolution and permeability up to several times. In addition, the conventional and modern isolation and purification techniques have been emphasized to achieve the isolation and purification of single or multiple therapeutic constituents with convenience and smarter approaches. Moreover, a brief overview of advanced natural compounds with multiple therapeutic effectiveness have also been anticipated. In brief, enough advancements have been carried out to achieve safe, effective and economic use of natural medicinal agents with improved stability, handling and storage.

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Qian, Kaijie, Lorenzo Stella, David S. Jones, Gavin P. Andrews, Huachuan Du e Yiwei Tian. "Drug-Rich Phases Induced by Amorphous Solid Dispersion: Arbitrary or Intentional Goal in Oral Drug Delivery?" Pharmaceutics 13, n. 6 (15 giugno 2021): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060889.

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Among many methods to mitigate the solubility limitations of drug compounds, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is considered to be one of the most promising strategies to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The enhancement of ASD in the oral absorption of drugs has been mainly attributed to the high apparent drug solubility during the dissolution. In the last decade, with the implementations of new knowledge and advanced analytical techniques, a drug-rich transient metastable phase was frequently highlighted within the supersaturation stage of the ASD dissolution. The extended drug absorption and bioavailability enhancement may be attributed to the metastability of such drug-rich phases. In this paper, we have reviewed (i) the possible theory behind the formation and stabilization of such metastable drug-rich phases, with a focus on non-classical nucleation; (ii) the additional benefits of the ASD-induced drug-rich phases for bioavailability enhancements. It is envisaged that a greater understanding of the non-classical nucleation theory and its application on the ASD design might accelerate the drug product development process in the future.

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Liu, Yue, Qing Wei, Ze-Yu Wang, Peng Xiang, Long-Ji Du e Bai-Yong Fu. "A Novel Bond Anchor for Unidirectional FRP Member: Conceptual Design and Experimental Investigation". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (19 luglio 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2666478.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) is an advanced composite material with many advantages including light weight, high strength, and high fatigue and corrosion resistance, which makes unidirectional FRP suitable for tension members, such as cables, prestressing tendons, and tie rods. However, the unidirectional FRP is a typical isotropic material, which is difficult to be anchored and hence unable to give full play to the advantages of FRP. To solve the anchoring problem of unidirectional FRP member, a novel bond anchor, i.e., dissolution-rebond anchor, is proposed in this paper. In this novel anchorage system, the polymer matrix of two ends of the unidirectional FRP member is dissolved by solvent and the fibers in the anchorage length are directly bonded by the binder. Theoretical analysis was performed to illustrate the high anchorage bearing capacity of this dissolution-rebond anchor. Static tensile test was conducted to verify this novel anchor design and compare with traditional bond anchor. Results show that the novel dissolution-rebond anchor is feasible and its anchorage efficiency is significantly higher than the traditional bond anchor.

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Chien, Ying Hsueh Chang, Matt Yeh, Scott Ku, C. M. Yang, C. C. Chen, S. M. Jang, K. Izumoto et al. "Physical Cleaning Enhancement Using Advanced Spray with Uniform Droplet Control". Solid State Phenomena 195 (dicembre 2012): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.195.195.

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In semiconductor device manufacturing, single wafer processors are widely used in not only BEOL process but also in FEOL process for 2X devices to improve the cleaning efficiency and get the higher productivity. Because the scaled down devices require the minimum substrate loss in the cleaning steps, the physical force by a dual fluid spray is still the main position to improve the cleaning efficiency at the moment comparing with chemical effects as the dissolution of contaminants and/or the lift off of particles. Sato, et al., reported that the relationship between particle removal and droplet characteristics linked to the droplet energy densityEdas following equation [. The kinetic energyEkof droplet is calculated from droplet diameterdand velocityv, as shown in Equation 1.

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Tamanna Sharma, Abhinav Mankoo e Vivek Sood. "Artificial intelligence in advanced pharmacy". International Journal of Science and Research Archive 2, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2021): 047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2021.2.1.0301.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is Pharma's next frontier in life sciences. This article analyze about the recently techniques of AI that aims to imitate human intelligence functions i.e. with the help of Artificial intelligence & Robots ‘Automation become the result of Industrialization’, driven by the need to increase productivity, to achieve consistent quality products & to remove hazardous and heavy work from workers. Recent trends of AI in pharmacy are PAT, CFD, Pharmaceutical automation in research & development which give detailed information about techniques that has already been used in healthcare such as inhaler designs, drug absorption & dissolution and is disease focused. A robot for pharmaceutical applications has a bright future but with the rapidly aging population that urgently requires sophisticated medical devices & newer drugs, robotics systems are increasingly adopted for improved productivity and efficiency to meet this growing demand. However, robots manufacturers face several challenges in their effort to establish themselves in pharmaceutical applications. AI with robotics in the life of mankind has several advantages & disadvantages. Despite the increasingly rich AI literature from the drug discovery to care options AI techniques are used such as in ANN [artificial neural network], machine learning, AI in healthcare, AI in clinical practice. This research mainly concentrates around a few disease types: Cancer, Nervous system and cardiovascular diseases as they are life threatening. The future is always hard to predict, but it will be determined by AI as it would become the next frontier in pharmacy.

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Xue, Yudong, Shili Zheng, Hao Du, Yi Zhang e Wei Jin. "Cr(III)-induced electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the V2O3 dissolution in alkaline media". Chemical Engineering Journal 307 (gennaio 2017): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.115.

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Nangia, Shikha, e Barbara J. Garrison. "Advanced Monte Carlo Approach To Study Evolution of Quartz Surface during the Dissolution Process". Journal of the American Chemical Society 131, n. 27 (15 luglio 2009): 9538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja901305y.

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SAITO, Takayuki, Takeo KAJISHIMA e Katsumi TSUCHIYA. "Deep Ocean CO_2 Sequestration System via Gas-Lift Effects : GLAD:Gas Lift Advanced Dissolution System". Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 75, n. 760 (2009): 2564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.75.760_2564.

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Enstad, Lars Inge, Kristin Rygg, Peter Mosby Haugan e Guttorm Alendal. "Dissolution of a CO2 lake, modeled by using an advanced vertical turbulence mixing scheme". International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2, n. 4 (ottobre 2008): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.04.001.

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Ceuleers, Jan. "La composition des listes électorales en Flandre". Res Publica 30, n. 1 (31 marzo 1988): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v30i1.18909.

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Due to the dissolution of Parliament, election diate had to be advanced. As parties did not dispose of a long time in order to constitute their candidates-lists, their leadership were compelled to abandon all kinds of consultation of their members. They therefore used the technique of indirect vote, by asking the active militant core to approve a test-list of candidates selected by the leadership.

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ten Cate, J. M., M. J. Buijs, C. Chaussain Miller e R. A. M. Exterkate. "Elevated Fluoride Products Enhance Remineralization of Advanced Enamel Lesions". Journal of Dental Research 87, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 943–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910808701019.

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Caries prevention might benefit from the use of toothpastes containing over 1500 ppm F. With few clinical studies available, the aim of this pH-cycling study was to investigate the dose response between 0 and 5000 ppm F of de- and remineralization of advanced (> 150 μm) enamel lesions. Treatments included sodium and amine fluoride, and a fluoride-free control. Mineral uptake and loss were assessed from solution calcium changes and microradiographs. Treatments with 5000 ppm F both significantly enhanced remineralization and inhibited demineralization when compared with treatments with 1500 ppm F. Slight differences in favor of amine fluoride over sodium fluoride were observed. The ratio of de- over remineralization rates decreased from 13.8 to 2.1 in the range 0 to 5000 ppm F. As much as 71 (6)% of the remineralized mineral was calculated to be resistant to dissolution during subsequent demineralization periods. With 5000-ppm-F treatments, more demineralizing episodes per day (10 vs. 2 for placebo) would still be repaired by remineralization.

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Kawashima, Satoshi, e Kazutaka Tajima. "Advanced Chemical Processes for Semi-additive PWB fabrication for Fine Line Formation Targeting Line and Space=5μm/5μm". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-tha22.

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Demand of powerful & fast computing requires the packaging configured with finer lines. The current requirement for Line and Space (L/S) is around 10μm/10μm, it will go down to less than that and 5 μm/5 μm is industry's target in our site. To achieve this miniaturization, a number of improvements are ongoing in equipment, material and chemical for surface finishing process. It seems there is a threshold which requires non-contiguous improvement for the miniaturization. The improvement in surface finishing process requires finer surface roughening for Dielectric material, selective dissolution of metals, or same metal made by different method such as Electroless copper and Electroplated copper, which never exist in the industry. In this paper, advanced chemical processes for semi-additive process (SAP) to fabricate PWB with fine line formation targeting L/S =5μm/5μm are reported. The series of improvements of chemical process enables confidence to manufacture fine lines which L/S=5μm/5μm using finer surface roughening of Electroless copper seed for better Dry Film Resist (DFR) formation, better stripping of the DFR, selective dissolution of Electroless copper seed, finer surface roughening for Solder Mask application, etc.

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Nĕmec, Lubomír, e Marcela Jebavá. "Some Opportunities to Improve Glass Melting". Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (aprile 2008): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.453.

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The values of the specific energy consumption and the melting performance calculated from laboratory measurements of soda-lime-silica glass predict efficient sand dissolution and bubble removal under conditions of rapid melting kinetics and high utilization of the melting space. The impact of glass flow character on bubble removal was investigated in the continuous horizontal or vertical melting channel. The results gave a chance to control the fining performance of the channel by proper temperature boundary conditions. The model of the bubble behavior under effect of both gravitational and centrifugal force has been established in the rotating discontinuous cylinder. The separation of bubbles by centrifuging was influenced by bubble contraction and by partial or complete dissolution in the melt; optimum conditions of the process, applicable in practice, lie in the region of relatively low rotation velocities. Sulfur compounds as chemical accelerator of glass melting were investigated from the point of view of several processes: sand dissolution, fining, bubble nucleation and melt foaming. The experimental work attempts to present the picture of glass melting with sulfur compounds in its complexity. The presented subjects are intended to contribute to advanced glass melting process.

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Lee, R., e E. De Souza. "The effect of brine on the creep behaviour and dissolution chemistry of evaporites". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, n. 5 (1 ottobre 1998): 720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-050.

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To evaluate operational problems in evaporite deposit utilization associated with brine, halite, sylvinite, and carnallitic ore were creep tested under unconfined conditions, both with and without added brine. Axial deformation and dissolution chemistry where observed throughout the tests. In both the sylvinite and carnallitic ore tests, selective dissolution of sylvite and carnallite minerals was associated with the precipitation of halite. The nature of this process was dependent on temperature and initial brine and ore composition. Generally, the presence of brine caused a decrease in the resistance to creep deformation. It is suggested that observed weakening in evaporites under dilatant conditions and in the presence of brine is due primarily to the enhancement of fracture mechanics processes through selective dissolution from stressed areas in the rock, such as fracture-process zones and asperities acting as barriers to slip. Correlation of results with a variety of practical environments, including brine inflow problems, waste salt backfilling practices, and underground storage facilities, was possible. Since there is always inherent brine in salt rock deposits, the results also add to the existing body of knowledge regarding advanced evaporite rock mechanics in general.Key words: evaporite, potash, salt, brine, creep, mining.

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Zhang, Guanyu, Qiang Fu, Guangrong Peng, Xudong Wang, Lili Zhang, Xuhong Xiang e Zhiwei Zhu. "Diagenetic Evolution and Petrophysical Characteristics of Paleogene Sandstone Reservoirs in the Southwest Baiyun Sag, Northern South China Sea". Minerals 13, n. 10 (28 settembre 2023): 1265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13101265.

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In addressing the critical need to understand the geological and diagenetic factors affecting Paleogene sandstone reservoirs in the Baiyun Sag—a region vital for oil and gas exploration—this study delves into the Paleogene Zhuhai and Enping formations. Advanced methodologies, including petrographic thin-section analysis, scanning electron microscopy, wavelet analysis, and carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, were employed to evaluate their petrological characteristics, pore structures, physical properties, and key diagenetic processes. The results indicate that the Zhuhai Formation is primarily composed of feldspathic quartz sandstones with prevalent intergranular dissolution pores, while the Enping Formation consists mainly of feldspathic sandstones with intragranular solution pores. The diagenetic temperatures across both formations ranged from 42.6 to 116.3 °C. The studied reservoirs have experienced porosity alterations due to mechanical compaction (23.07% reduction), carbonate cementation (9.02% reduction), and dissolution (5.09% enhancement). Notably, feldspar dissolution emerged as a significant contributor to high-quality reservoirs, particularly in the upper Enping Formation. These findings offer invaluable insights into the diagenetic evolution of sandstone reservoirs in the Baiyun Sag and hold significant implications for guiding future oil and gas exploration efforts in the region.

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Gunnarsson, Maria, Merima Hasani e Diana Bernin. "The potential of magnetisation transfer NMR to monitor the dissolution process of cellulose in cold alkali". Cellulose 26, n. 18 (12 settembre 2019): 9403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02728-y.

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Abstract Cellulose is the most important biopolymer on earth and, when derived from e.g. wood, a promising alternative to for example cotton, which exhibits a large environmental burden. The replacement depends, however, on an efficient dissolution process of cellulose. Cold aqueous alkali systems are attractive but these solvents have peculiarities, which might be overcome by understanding the acting mechanisms. Proposed dissolution mechanisms are for example the breakage of hydrophobic interactions and partly deprotonation of the cellulose hydroxyl groups. Here, we performed a mechanistic study using equimolar aqueous solutions of LiOH, NaOH and KOH to elucidate the dissolution process of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The pH was the highest for KOH(aq) followed by NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq). We used a combination of conventional and advanced solution-state NMR methods to monitor the dissolution process of MCC by solely increasing the temperature from − 10 to 5 °C. KOH(aq) dissolved roughly 25% of the maximum amount of MCC while NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) dissolved up to 70%. Water motions on nanoscale timescales present in non-frozen water, remained unaffected on the addition of MCC. Magnetisation transfer (MT) NMR experiments monitored the semi-rigid MCC as a function of temperature. Interestingly, although NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) were able to dissolve a similar amount at 5 °C, MT spectra revealed differences with increasing temperature, suggesting a difference in the swollen state of MCC in LiOH(aq) already at − 10 °C. Furthermore, MT NMR shows a great potential to study the water exchange dynamics with the swollen and semi-rigid MCC fraction in these systems, which might give valuable insights into the dissolution mechanism in cold alkali.

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