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Ono, Takaaki, Akihiro Takeshita, Yuji Kishimoto, Hitoshi Kiyoi, Masaya Okada, Yasukazu Kawai, Motohiro Tsuzuki et al. "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Elderly Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) - the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group APL97 Study." Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1077.1077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 1077 (Background) Studies focused on elderly APL are limited. The European APL study group reported in their APL 93 trial that lower survival rate in elderly APL was mainly due to an increase of early deaths and toxicity of chemotherapy (Ades et al, 2005). On the other hand, PETHEMA group reported in their LPA96 and 99 studies that ATRA combined with anthracycline monochemotherapy resulted in low toxicity and high compliance, and that survival rate is similar to younger patients (Miguel A et al, 2004). We analyzed clinical features and outcomes of elderly APL patients with APL who were treated with ATRA and intensive chemotherapy and compared with those of younger patients in long term follow-up of the JALSG-APL97 Study. (Methods) Patients with newly diagnosed APL were continuously registered from May 1997 to June 2002, and induction therapy was composed of ATRA and chemotherapy including idarubicin and cytarabine. The dose and duration of chemotherapy were based on initial leukocyte count. After completion of 3 courses of consolidation chemotherapy, patients negative for the PML-RARA transcript were randomly allocated either to receive 6 courses of intensified maintenance chemotherapy or to observation. Elderly patients were treated with the same schedule to younger patients (Asou et al, 2007). Clinical features as well as relapse rate (RR), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were assessed in elderly group with aged 60 or more in comparison with younger group. Clinical outcomes were updated on January, 2009 and the median follow up period is 7.3 years. (Results) Of 302 patients registered in this study, 283 patients were assessable. The median age was 48 years (range, 15–70 years), with 237 patients in younger group (median age, 44 years) and 46 patients in elder group (median age, 63 years). Significantly lower platelet count (less than 10 × 109/L), higher incidence of ECOG performance status 3 to 4, lower albumin level (< 3.5g/dl) were observed in elderly group compared to younger group (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively), while clinical characteristics including gender, initial leukocyte count, APL cells in peripheral blood, DIC score, frequency of variant type (M3v), expression of CD-phenotype, past history of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy and number of infectious complications at diagnosis, did not differ between two groups. The CR rates and early mortality during induction therapy including to hemorrhagic complications were similar between two groups (89% vs. 96%, P = 0.06; 11% vs. 4%, P = 0.08), whereas induction death due to differentiation syndrome in elderly group is higher compared with younger group (4% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). The cumulative incidence of non relapse mortality (NRM) during the third consolidation chemotherapy was significantly higher in elderly group (9% vs. 1%., P = 0.04). All of the mortality occurred during consolidation therapy was associated with infection. Although OS was lower in elderly groups at 10 year compared with younger group (65% vs. 87%, P < 0.001), DFS and RR were similar between two groups (65% vs. 67%, P = 0.70; 13% vs. 26%, P = 0.15, respectively). (Conclusion) The present study demonstrated that efficacy of ATRA combined with chemotherapy in elderly APL was similar to younger APL. Nevertheless, lower OS at 10 year in elderly APL was observed in this study. One of the reasons was an increase of NRM, especially induction death due to differentiation syndrome and infection death during consolidation chemotherapy. Thus, reduction of intensity of post remission chemotherapy should be considered in elderly patients. Non-myelosuppressive agents such as arsenic trioxide and/or tamibarotene should be incorporated into the post remission therapy for elderly patients with APL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Alejo, Andres Armas, Felipe José Aidar, Dihogo Gama de Matos, Marcelo Danillo dos Santos, Dilton dos Santos Silva, Raphael Fabrício de Souza, Jymmys Lopes dos Santos, Lúcio Marques Vieira Souza, Cleberson Franclin Tavares Costa e Albená Nunes da Silva. "DOES PRE-COMPETITIVE ANXIETY INTERFERE IN THE PERFORMANCE OF BOXING ATHLETES IN BRAZIL? A PILOT STUDY". Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, n. 2 (aprile 2020): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202602218943.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-competitive anxiety is one of the psychological factors that can greatly influence athletes' performance, especially when it comes to individual sport like boxing. Objective: To analyze the level of pre-competitive anxiety in male athletes in the adult and young adult categories, and their correlation with the final results of the last Brazilian National Championship. Methods: A total of 60 young adult athletes participated in the study: 38 non-medalists (17.17±0.54 years and 66.38±13.21 kg) and 22 medalists (17.48±0.54 years and 66.21±12.96 kg). The “adults” group consisted of 35 athletes: 11 non-medalists (22.60±4.65 years and 68.33±14.08 kg) and 24 medalists (22.60±4.82 years and 67.33 ±13.13 kg). Results: The levels of cognitive anxiety in the young adult athletes group presented significant differences: medalists presented lower scores than non-medalists (12.77±2.62 and 15.92±5.20, respectively). In the adults group, medalists presented higher scores than non-medalists (15.23±4.42 and 12.00±4.11). Significant differences were observed in somatic anxiety levels between the young adult medalists and the other groups (p = 0.038). In addition, levels of self-confidence were high in all groups (young adult non-medalists = 29.42±4.82; adult non-medalists = 26.14±4.94, young adult medalists = 31.59±4.24 and adult medalists = 28.91±4.88). Conclusion: We conclude that self-confidence may interfere with anxiety levels, considering that medal-winning boxers are less prone to cognitive anxiety than non-medalists, and that both groups have high levels of self-confidence. Level of evidence I; High quality randomized trial with statistically significant difference or no statistically significant difference but narrow confidence intervals.
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Craig, Chie H., Byoung W. Kim, Paula M. Pecyna Rhyner e Tricia K. Bowen Chirillo. "Effects of Word Predictability, Child Development, and Aging on Time-Gated Speech Recognition Performance". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, n. 4 (agosto 1993): 832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3604.832.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined the interaction of acoustic-phonetic information with higher-level linguistic contextual information during the real-time speech perception process in child, young adult, and older adult listeners. Five age groups were studied: (a) young children ranging in age from 5 to 7 years, (b) older children aged 8 to 10 years, (c) young adults aged 18 to 23 years, (d) older adults aged 60 to 69 years, and (e) older adults aged 70 to 83 years. All subjects were presented with time-gated monosyllabic target words presented in sentence contexts containing contrasting levels of word predictability. Findings indicated that target word predictability influenced the timing and nature of the real-time recognition process including the listeners’ use of initial word sounds. Predictability-high (PH) words were recognized earlier and with greater confidence than predictability-low (PL) words. PH recognition performance was more influenced by child development and aging than PL recognition performance. Older adult listeners required more PH-gated word stimuli to produce accurate responses than younger adults. Older children showed more effective use of PH contexts than younger children.
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Stamouli, Maria, Alessandro Busca, Luisa Verga, Anna Candoni, Chiara Cattaneo, Gianpaolo Nadali, Maria Enza Mitra et al. "Invasive Fungal Infections in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Patients. Results of a Prospective Multicenter Study in Italy". Blood 124, n. 21 (6 dicembre 2014): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3682.3682.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract OBJECTIVES Aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the risk of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients (pts) with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and to compare APL pts with patients affected by non promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia (npAML) in order to evaluate factors potentially linked to IFI in these two subsets of acute myeloid leukemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS From January 2010 to April 2012 all pts with newly diagnosed AML were registered in 33 Italian participating centers. A minimum follow up of 90 days after 1st induction chemotherapy was requested for all pts. A prolonged follow up until June 2014 was made only for APL. Data were collected about age, gender, AML subtype, treatment and also about post chemotherapy risk factors for IFI (duration of neutropenia, mucosal damages, vomiting, diarrhea, presence of medical devices), antifungal prophylaxis, onset of IFI, level of certainty (possible/probable/proven), and antifungal treatment. Only for APL the survey was prolonged for at least 3 months in order to analyze if these pts have an IFI risk during other than first induction phases. RESULTS 1,192 consecutive newly diagnosed adult AML pts (npAML:1,086/APL:106) were enrolled in the study. Among npAML pts, those receiving low dose chemotherapy and/or palliative treatment were excluded from the analysis; in the remaining 881 pts 214 cases (24%) of IFI were recorded. Considering APL, 3 pts were excluded from the analysis due to early death (1 pt) or bad performance status (2 pts). The remaining 103 pts received APL treatment according to local protocols: all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) plus chemotherapy (90 pts) or ATRA plus arsenic trioxide (ATO)(13 pts). Only 8 (8%) APL pts developed an IFI after the induction phase: 1 proven, 3 probable and 4 possible IFI. All cases were caused by molds. All APL were followed for a median follow up of 36 months (range 3-54). During this time only 2 other cases of IFI were observed: 1 possible IFI during consolidation at 16 weeks from APL diagnosis and 1 probable aspergillosis in a rare case of APL relapse at 132 weeks from APL diagnosis. All the IFI occurred in pts treated with ATRA plus chemotherapy. IFI was fatal in only 1 case (cerebral aspergillosis), all the other pts recovered after antifungal treatment. A comparison between npAML and APL was made in order to analyze the risk of IFI within 90 days after induction treatment among these 2 groups of patients (see table). A significantly lower number of overall IFI and systemic antifungal treatment was observed in the APL group, in spite of the fact that systemic anti mold prophylaxis was significantly less frequently utilized. Table 1Comparison between APL and npAML in induction phaseAPLnpAMLpNumber of pts103881Mean age51550.01m/f50/53448/433N.S.Performance status (WHO)0-1>1. 76 27. 284 597. <0.0001Central venous catheter52 (50%)687 (78%)<0.0001Neutropenia (<1000/mm3)103 (100%)874 (99%)N.S.Mean duration of neutropenia (<1000/mm3)23 days25 days0.1Mean duration of deep neutropenia (<500/mm3)17.5 days24 days0.04Antifungal prophylaxis94 (91%)837 (95%)N.S.Topical antifungal prophylaxis 17 (17%)60 (7%)0.0005Drug in prophylaxisfluconazoleitraconazoleposaconazoleother.33 (32%)13 (12%)38 (37%)1 (1%).168 (19%)117 (13%)513 (58%)23 (3%).0.002N.S. <0.0001IFIsall casesproven/probable.8 (8%)4 (4%).214 (24%)77 (9%).0.00010.08moldsall casesproven/probable.8 (8%)4 (4%).191 (22%)55 (6%).0.0006N.S.yeastsall cases.0.23 (3%). <0.0001Antifungal treatmentMean duration11 (11%)17 days275 (31%)14 days<0.0001 N.S.Overall mortality at 30 days8 (8%)110 (12%)N.S.Mortality due to IFI at 30 days1 (1%)25 (3%)N.S. Comparing APL among them in order to identify parameters that could be correlated to IFI presentation, no significant factors were identified. DISCUSSION In our prospective study we specifically analyzed the incidence and the type of IFI in APL during a prolonged follow-up. Only 10 cases of IFI were documented and in most cases (6 pts) the infection was only possible. Comparing APL to npAML a lower incidence of overall IFI was observed despite less use of mold active drugs as prophylaxis. It could be attributed to the different chemotherapy (less aggressive in APL) and to lower duration of deep neutropenia. No yeast infection was observed in APL. On the basis of this study, APLs may be considered at low risk of IFI so probably the use of a mold active antifungal prophylaxis could be omitted. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Katz, Noomi, Hanah Karpin, Arit Lak, Tania Furman e Adina Hartman-Maeir. "Participation in Occupational Performance: Reliability and Validity of the Activity Card Sort". OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 23, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944920302300102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Activity Card Sort (ACS) is a comprehensive instrument for assessing participation in occupational performance of instrumental, social-cultural, and leisure activities. The purpose of the study was to determine the reliability and validity of the ACS within different adult and older adult groups. The study included 263 participants comprising 5 groups of 61 healthy adults, 61 healthy older adults, 40 spouses or caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's, 45 individuals with multiple sclerosis, and 56 individuals 1 year after having a stroke. The ACS was adapted to the Israeli culture in a previous study with the author's permission. The final version that was used in this analysis included 88 picture cards of adults performing instrumental, social-cultural, and low and high physical leisure activities that the clients sort into five categories. The ACS provides a “retained activity level” score that is the percentage of activities in which a person is currently engaged divided by those with whom he or she was involved in the past. In addition, comparisons between all groups of current activity levels were analyzed. The ACS had high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha in each area) for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and social-cultural activities (.82, .80), and lower for low and high physical leisure activities (.66, .61). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that compared groups of participants on total retained activity level and individual activity areas showed a significant group effect on all comparisons (p<.000) that support construct validity. Post hoc Scheffe tests revealed significant differences between most groups. The same results were found for current activity level. The results support the reliability and validity of the ACS and provide a basis for its clinical use.
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Frey, Alain, Christophe Lambert, Benoit Vesselle, Romain Rousseau, Frédéric Dor, Laurie Anne Marquet, Jean François Toussaint e Michel Daoud Crema. "Epidemiology of Judo-Related Injuries in 21 Seasons of Competitions in France: A Prospective Study of Relevant Traumatic Injuries". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, n. 5 (1 maggio 2019): 232596711984747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119847470.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Judo is a full-contact fighting sport that may lead to severe injuries. There are limited data available on the incidence of judo-related injuries. The French Judo Federation has established a surveillance system to document the frequency and type of injuries during judo competitions. Purpose: To describe the incidence rates and types of judo-related traumatic injuries during 21 seasons of competitions in France with respect to athlete (judoka) age, sex, and level of performance. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, each physician in charge of each judo competition filled out a form in which he/she documented the number of competing judokas, the number of fights, the number of medical interventions, the specific type of traumatic injuries for each intervention, the number of fight interruptions, and the number of athletes removed from the competition venue because of an injury. The age, sex, and level of performance of each judoka were also documented. Variance analysis was applied to assess whether differences in incidence rates of injuries between groups were significant (Student t test and chi-square test). Results: Surveillance of 421,670 fights demonstrated 3511 injuries in 316,203 judokas (incidence proportion, 1.1%). Among the injuries recorded, the most common were sprains (54.3%), fractures (15.6%), and dislocations (12.5%). Female athletes exhibited significantly higher incidence rates for knee sprains and elbow dislocations, whereas male athletes exhibited a higher incidence rate for shoulder dislocations ( P < .001 for all). Regarding age, higher incidence rates were observed in young adults (aged 18-20 years) for acromioclavicular sprains and in children (aged 10-14 years) for clavicle fractures compared with adults (aged 21-35 years) ( P < .001 for both). Both young adult and adult athletes had a higher incidence rate of shoulder dislocations ( P < .001). Regarding the level of performance, athletes competing at higher levels had a higher incidence rate of sprains to the knee ( P < .001). Conclusion: During 21 years of surveillance of injuries in judo competitions in France, the incidence proportion of injuries was 1.1%. Significant differences in incidence rates demonstrated when considering age, sex, and level of performance may help in developing strategies to prevent traumatic injuries in the future.
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Zoccola, Diana, Ann B. Shuttleworth-Edwards e Sarah E. Radloff. "Signs of cognitive dysfunction in adult players of club level rugby". South African Journal of Psychology 50, n. 1 (11 febbraio 2019): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246319826816.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to investigate players of club level Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) over one rugby season, for signs of residual cognitive dysfunction due to repeated concussive events incurred during long-term participation in the sport. Adult male players of club level rugby, without a diagnosis of a concussion during the season ( n = 20), were compared with non-contact club level sports participants ( n = 22) of equivalent sex, age, education, and estimated IQ at pre-, mid-, and post-season intervals. Measures included the ImPACT Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time composites, and the Purdue Pegboard test. Statistical group comparisons revealed consistently poorer performance for rugby players compared with controls for ImPACT Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time composites at all test intervals, and for the Purdue Pegboard tasks at the first two test intervals. Repeat measures comparisons across the three test intervals demonstrated differential learning patterns between groups on ImPACT Visual Memory, ImPACT Reaction Time, and Purdue Both tasks, suggestive of cognitive vulnerability in the rugby group. Overall, the results reveal deleterious cognitive performance in adult club level rugby players relative to equivalent non-contact sports controls. The finding serves to endorse indications from other studies that demonstrate persistent brain injury effects in association with long-term participation in a contact sport. Recommendations for further research and management of concussion in rugby players are discussed.
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Pittman, Andrea L., Patricia G. Stelmachowicz, Dawna E. Lewis e Brenda M. Hoover. "Influence of Hearing Loss on the Perceptual Strategies of Children and Adults". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45, n. 6 (dicembre 2002): 1276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2002/102).
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To accommodate growing vocabularies, young children are thought to modify their perceptual weights as they gain experience with speech and language. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the perceptual weights of children and adults with hearing loss differ from those of their normal-hearing counterparts. Adults and children with normal hearing and with hearing loss served as participants. Fricative and vowel segments within consonant-vowel-consonant stimuli were presented at randomly selected levels under two conditions: unaltered and with the formant transition removed. Overall performance for each group was calculated as a function of segment level. Perceptual weights were also calculated for each group using point-biserial correlation coefficients that relate the level of each segment to performance. Results revealed child-adult differences in overall performance and also revealed an effect of hearing loss. Despite these performance differences, the pattern of perceptual weights was similar across all four groups for most conditions.
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Blumenfeld, Henrike K., Ashley Adams Sanabria e Ignatius S. B. Nip. "Native Language and Second Language Convergence and Second Language Instruction Shape Speech-Language Performance in Adult Learners". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, n. 3 (8 marzo 2022): 970–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00382.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: We examined native language (L1) and second language (L2) convergence of underlying skills in adult L2 learners as well as the contribution of instructional L2 level on L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels. Method: Thirty-four adult Spanish L2 learners who had completed at least 1 year of college Spanish participated in this preliminary study. Learners were tested at the speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels in their L1 (English) and L2 (Spanish). L1–L2 convergence was indexed by associative links between corresponding L1 and L2 skills. In regression analyses, the level of Spanish instruction at the time of the study was also considered as a predictor of L2 attainment across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels. Results: L1–L2 convergence was identified for some speech motor skills (distance, maximum speed) and for lexical skills but was limited for other speech motor skills (duration, spatiotemporal index) and for narrative measures. Furthermore, lexical and narrative measures, but not speech motor measures, showed improvements with Spanish (L2) instruction. Conclusions: L1–L2 convergence and instructional level are predictors of L2 performance in adult language learners. These factors play somewhat different roles across speech motor, lexical, and narrative levels, warranting further “all-system” research across processing and proficiency levels.
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Balamutova, N., L. Sheyko, A. Yushko, N. Boreyko, E. Bloshenko e G. Kucherenko. "BIoenergy criteria for the physical performance of swimmers of different age". Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), n. 1(145) (19 gennaio 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2022.1(145).05.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For success in a particular sport, you must have an appropriate body type, a high level of development of physical qualities and functional capabilities of the body. In sports related to the manifestation of endurance, sports performance is largely associated with the capabilities of energy supply systems. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of adaptation of swimmers' organism to physical activity in the course of many years of training. The study involved young swimmers aged 13-22 years. The results of our work represent an attempt to follow the formation of functional prerequisites for high sports performance at different stages of long-term training. However, the data of this study indicate that the overall training load is quite adequate for them. On the other hand, differences in the level of functional state of the body of young people and adults may be due to different directions of the educational and training process.
If the main goal of training adult athletes is to achieve high sports results, then in youth sports the tasks of basic training are mostly solved, which creates the preconditions for achieving higher sportsmanship in the future.
The data of this study are an attempt to trace the formation of functional prerequisites for high athletic performance at different stages of long-term training and can be used to create dynamic model characteristics of athletes.
Prospects for further research are to determine the level of functional state of the body and physical performance of girls swimmers of all ages.
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Barbera, Courtney. "Using Quality Measurement to Support Healthy Aging: The Adult Immunization Status Composite Measure". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.707.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Vaccine-preventable diseases remain a significant public health threat, especially for older adults and those with compromised immunity. Efforts to drive vaccine uptake can include quality measures, which help providers, health care organizations, payers, and others to benchmark and track immunization activities. To help address low immunization rates in adults, the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) released the Adult Immunization Status (AIS) composite measure, which calculates a single rate for health plan performance on influenza, Td/Tdap, shingles, and pneumococcal immunizations. Discern Health and the American Medical Group Association (AMGA) performed a mixed-methods study using de-identified patient data from three healthcare organizations to analyze feasibility of the AIS measure in quality programs at the medical group-level. The team also team conducted qualitative interviews with the organizations to understand best practices for improving immunization rates in adults. The study showed that the AIS measure is feasible for use at the medical-group level. It also revealed that adults 50 years of age and older were less likely to receive all age-appropriate vaccinations than those younger than 50. These findings indicate that there is a significant gap in rates of immunizations among older adults and point to potential solutions that can be supported through use of the AIS measure.
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Sorato, Mende Mensa, Majid Davari, Abbas Kebriaeezadeh, Nizal Sarrafzadegan e Tamiru Shibru. "Paid and unpaid work productivity loss associated with treated hypertension in Southern Ethiopia: a patient-level analysis". Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 13, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2022): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab070.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Objective Hypertension-related illness increases healthcare expenditure and reduces productivity. There is inadequate information about work productivity loss associated with hypertension in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to determine the extent of paid and unpaid worker productivity loss among adult hypertensive patients in Southern Ethiopia. Facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by using the valuation of lost productivity (VOLP) tool adapted to the Ethiopian context. The data entry and analysis were done by using Microsoft Excel 2013 and SPSS version 21.0. Key findings A total of 301 adult hypertensive patients on regular follow-up at selected public hospitals were included in this study. One hundred ninety-five patients were females with a mean age of 50.7 ± 7.3 years. Less than one in five 39 (13.0%) of patients achieved their BP control target. Fifty-three (17.7%) of patients reported that hypertension reduced their work performance by 50%. One hundred twenty-five (60.1%) patients reported that they would complete the same work in less time, if they have no health problem. After adjusting for team impact and work substitutability, 3247.4 USD and 1844.81 USD were lost per month from paid and unpaid work. Overall annual work productivity loss was 38 968.4 USD, and the percentage of lost productivity per month was 18.7%. Summary Hypertension reduced the work productivity of adults by one-fifth. Therefore, it is important to devise strategies by involving all relevant stakeholders for preventing hypertension to save this productivity loss. In addition to this, improving the blood pressure control rate could help to reduce associated productivity loss.
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Chen, Tara L., Elihu H. Estey, Megan Othus, Kelda M. Gardner, Lauren Markle e Roland B. Walter. "Cyclosporine Modulation of Multidrug Resistance in Combination with Pravastatin, Mitoxantrone, and Etoposide for Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Phase 1/2 Study". Blood 120, n. 21 (16 novembre 2012): 4343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4343.4343.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 4343 Background: Outcomes in relapsed/refractory AML are dismal. Given the high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR), many clinical studies have tested whether MDR reversal agents such as cyclosporine (CSA) could increase the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutics but results have been inconsistent. More recently, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g. pravastatin) have been investigated after demonstration that cholesterol synthesis inhibition can restore chemosensitivity of AML cells in vitro. As studies further suggested the HMG-CoA inhibitors could downregulate MDR function, we attempted to improve the efficacy of mitoxantrone and etoposide in patients with relapsed/persistent AML by combining CSA and pravastatin in a single-arm, open-label phase 1/2 trial. Patients and Methods: Adult patients with relapsed/refractory non-APL AML and a treatment-related mortality score of <9.2 (Walter et al. J Clin Oncol 2011) were eligible if they had an ECOG performance status (PS) ≤3 and adequate organ function. Prior hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was permissible if relapse occurred >180 days post-HCT. Planned treatment included induction and consolidation therapy with pravastatin, CSA, and increasing doses of mitoxantrone and etoposide. All patients received pravastatin 320mg PO every 6 hours on days 1–10. The starting dose level (level 1) used etoposide 60mg/m2/day and mitoxantrone 5mg/m2/day via continuous infusion on days 5–9. CSA started 6 hours before the first doses of mitoxantrone/etoposide; after loading with 6mg/kg over 2 hours and 4mg/kg over 6 hours, CSA was infused at 18mg/kg/day on days 5–9. CSA levels were monitored on Day 6 and 8 to maintain levels <2,400ng/mL (by LCMS-MS). At dose level 2, identical doses of pravastatin and CSA were combined with etoposide (80mg/m2/day) and mitoxantrone (6mg/m2/day). Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were defined as: 1) any Grade 3 non-hematologic toxicity lasting >48 hours except of febrile neutropenia (FN), infection, or hyperbilirubinemia; and 2) any Grade ≥4 non-hematologic toxicity except FN/infection, constitutional symptoms if recovery to Grade ≤2 within 14 days, and hyperbilirubinemia. An “adaptive” Bayesian phase 1–2 design that monitored both toxicity and response was used. The maximal acceptable rate of toxicity was 30%, the minimum acceptable rate of efficacy 20% (historical rate of 15% in this population), stopping when posterior probability >90%. A maximum of 45 patients would be treated in cohorts of 3. Results: Between October 2010 and February 2012, 10 patients (median age 52 [range 40–58] years) were treated, including 4 patients (all at dose level 1) who received therapy off protocol. Two patients had secondary AML, and 6 had complex cytogenetics. PS was 1 (7 patients) or 2 (3 patients). Average TRM score was 4.32 for on-study patients. All patients had received at least 2 prior regimens, and 7 received 3 prior therapies. One patient had undergone HCT. The average CSA level on Day 6 was 1,366.3ng/mL (range 713–2,082ng/mL) and 1,199.8ng/mL on Day 8 (range 526–1,593ng/mL). Efficacy (CR or CRi)/DLTs for on-study patients were: level 1 (n=3): 0/1 (grade 4 acute kidney injury); level 2 (n=3): 0/2 (grade 4 acute kidney injury; sepsis/multiorgan failure). Among the 7 patients treated at level 1, other toxicities included septic shock (n=1), FN (4), mucositis (2), and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (1). One off-study patient achieved CR after 1 course and received 1 cycle of consolidation with pravastatin, etoposide, and mitoxantrone but experienced CNS relapse after CR duration of only 46 days. Based on the results of the on-study patients, the statistical monitoring mandated early study closure for lack of efficacy & excessive toxicity. Conclusion: In the targeted, heavily pretreated patient population, the study regimen was excessively toxic and failed to achieve acceptable efficacy. Further clinical testing, if any, should be limited to less heavily pretreated, otherwise “fit” patients with AML. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01342887. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Bate, Sarah, Rachel Bennetts, Ebony Murray e Emma Portch. "Enhanced Matching of Children’s Faces in “Super-Recognisers” But Not High-Contact Controls". i-Perception 11, n. 4 (luglio 2020): 204166952094442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520944420.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Face matching is notoriously error-prone, and some work suggests additional difficulty when matching the faces of children. It is possible that individuals with natural proficiencies in adult face matching (“super-recognisers” [SRs]) will also excel at the matching of children’s faces, although other work implicates facilitations in typical perceivers who have high levels of contact with young children (e.g., nursery teachers). This study compared the performance of both of these groups on adult and child face matching to a group of low-contact controls. High- and low-contact control groups performed at a remarkably similar level in both tasks, whereas facilitations for adult and child face matching were observed in some (but not all) SRs. As a group, the SRs performed better in the adult compared with the child task, demonstrating an extended own-age bias compared with controls. These findings suggest that additional exposure to children’s faces does not assist the performance in a face matching task, and the mechanisms underpinning superior recognition of adult faces can also facilitate the child face recognition. Real-world security organisations should therefore seek individuals with general facilitations in face matching for both adult and child face matching tasks.
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Verdecchia, Arduino, Arduino Verdecchia, Riccardo Capocaccia, Roberta De Angelis, Fulvia Valente, Egidio Chessa, Milena Sant et al. "Survival in Adult Italian Cancer Patients, 1978–1989". Tumori Journal 83, n. 1 (gennaio 1997): 39–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169708300109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aims To present a systematic analysis of population-based cancer patient survival in Italy. Methods Population-based survival data have been made available from 10 Italian cancer registries within the ITACARE project. Data, collected and validated using a common protocol, included over 100,000 patients with cancer diagnosed between 1978 and 1989. Multivariate weighted analysis was used to provide relative survival estimates attributable to Italy at national level. Results Results are presented, according to a systematic frame, as the main object of the ITACARE study, involving crude and relative survival figures for adult Italian cancer patients, by age, sex, period of diagnosis and registry area. An estimate with reference to Italy as a whole is also presented by cancer site and for all malignant neoplasms combined. Age-standardized relative survival figures are presented to allow comparisons between Italian registries and also to give a basis for international comparisons with countries involved in the EUROCARE study. Conclusions For the fist time, population-based survival of cancer patients is made available in Italy on a large scale analysis of data from all the Italian cancer registries in a combined action. Estimates of cancer patient survival at a national level in Italy allow proper international comparisons with European countries and give elements of evaluation and discussion on the performance of the Italian health care system.
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Aoki, Takuya, Yasuki Fujinuma e Masato Matsushima. "Usual source of primary care and preventive care measures in the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan". BMJ Open 12, n. 3 (marzo 2022): e057418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectivesTo assess multiple preventive care measures and to examine their associations with having a usual source of primary care and primary care performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.DesignNationwide cross-sectional study.SettingJapanese general adult population.Participants1757 adult residents.Primary outcome measuresFourteen preventive care measures aggregated the overall screening, immunisation and counselling composites.ResultsDepression screening, zoster vaccination and tetanus vaccination had low implementation rates even among participants with a usual source of primary care. After adjustment for possible confounders, having a usual source of primary care was positively associated with all preventive care composites. Primary care performance assessed by the Japanese version of Primary Care Assessment Tool Short Form was also dose dependently associated with an increase in all composites. Results of the sensitivity analyses using a different calculation of preventive care composite were similar to those of the primary analyses.ConclusionsReceipt of primary care, particularly high-quality primary care, contributed to increased preventive care utilisation even during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rate of mental health screening in primary care was at a very low level. Therefore, addressing mental health issues should be a major challenge for primary care providers during and after the pandemic.
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Navarro-Bravo, Beatriz, José M. Latorre, Ana Jiménez, Rosario Cabello e Pablo Fernández-Berrocal. "Ability emotional intelligence in young people and older adults with and without depressive symptoms, considering gender and educational level". PeerJ 7 (19 aprile 2019): e6595. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6595.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background There is little research on differences in Emotional Intelligence (EI) ability at different stages of adult development. The few published studies tend not to use older adult samples. Previous studies on EI ability and age have shown contradictory results. Our main objective was to evaluate results in EI ability across different stages of adult development, taking into account gender, depressive symptoms, and educational level. Methods We interviewed 166 participants (108 women), 66 of whom were aged 18–30 years, 53 aged 31–60 years, and 40 aged 61–76 years. All were either working or enrolled in colleges at the time of the study. The assessment tools used were the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT), a test that assesses performance-based EI, and the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale, a tool to evaluate depressive symptoms. Results Young people, women, and participants with a higher educational level achieved higher scores on the MSCEIT. Additionally, depressive symptomatology was only partially associated with the MSCEIT (i.e., with the using emotions branch). However, a subsequent joint analysis of the independent effects of variables age, gender, educational level, and depressive symptomatology and their interactions on MSCEIT total suggests that only educational level and depressive symptomatology were associated with EI ability, with the direct relationship between age and gender with MSCEIT disappearing. Additionally, our study indicated an interaction effect between age and depressive symptoms, showing that participants in age cohorts 18–30 and 31–60 and without depressive symptoms have a higher EI ability. Discussion Our study suggests that the direct effects of age and gender on EI ability across adult development, using a wide age range, can change or disappear when effects of educational level and depressive symptomatology, and their interactions, are controlled for. Our results also suggest that EI ability is a protective factor against depression in some age cohorts. This novel aspect of our study does not appear in the previous literature. However, prospective studies are needed to verify these findings and examine whether other psychological variables could determine the relations between age, gender and EI ability across adult development.
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Aldhahi, Monira I. "Effect of Gait Alteration on Fatigability during Walking in Adult Women with High Body Fat Composition". Medicina 59, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Objective: The risk factors for injury due to alterations in gait efficiency and fatigability during walking are a rising concern. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize the changes in gait pattern and performance fatigability among adult women with a high body fat percentage and to study the association between the gait pattern and performance fatigability during walking. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 adult women were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups: a high-body-fat percentage group (HBF; n = 80; fat% = 42.49 ± 3.51) and a comparison group with a normal body fat percentage (NBF; n = 80; fat% = 29.68 ± 4.30). The 10 min walking test (10-MWT) was used to measure performance fatigability. Treadmill-based gait analysis was used for the acquisition of gait parameters. The correlation between the variables was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Forward stepwise linear regression was carried out to examine the association between all independent variables, and performance fatigability was adjusted for age and height. The level of statistical significant was set at p-value < 0.05 in all analyses. Results: The mean performance fatigability during the 10-MWT was reported to be high (1.4 ± 0.13) among the participants with HBF, as compared with a fatigability of 1.25 ± 0.11 in the NBF group. The data analysis of the spatial parameters indicated that stride length and step length were statistically smaller in the participants with HBF, as compared with the NBF group. The effects of average maximum force, speed, cadence, step length, and stride length explained the variation in the performance fatigability by 61% (p = 0.007). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that gait alteration due to excess body fat induced a reduction in performance, as reflected by the high fatigability performance during walking. The study demonstrated a significant association between the severity of performance fatigability and spatial gait parameters.
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Edetanlen, B. E., e K. M. Ezigbo. "Prevalence of Oral Impacts as Daily Performances among Adult Dental Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital". Nigerian Dental Journal 26, n. 1 (1 giugno 2018): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61172/ndj.v26i1.97.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Oral conditions do not only cause pain but affect the various aspects of individual's daily performances.Objective: To investigate the prevalence of oral health impact on daily performance in adult patients at a Southern Nigerian tertiary hospital. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dental patients that attended the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria. Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire was used to evaluate the impact of oral health status on the daily performance. The data collected were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 110 patients (43 males and 67 females) participated in the study. The age range of the participants was 18-70 years and the mean age of the participants was 31.8±12.8 years. The mean ODIP score of the study participants was 1.58 ±2.77 with a range of 0 to 14. Sixty percent of all subjects had at least one daily performance affected by an oral impact in the previous six months. The ODIP indicators most commonly affected by oral health status were eating and enjoying food (31.8%), smiling and showing teeth (13.6%), and enjoying social contact with people (10.9%) and cleaning teeth (10.0%), The least commonly affected were maintaining usual emotional status (9.1%), sleeping and relaxing (9.1%), carrying out daily school task (8.20%), and speaking and pronouncing words clearly (7.30%).There were no statistically significant difference between ODIP score and age, gender, place of residence, level of education and oral/dental conditions.Conclusion: Oral health had an impact on daily performances of adult dental patients in southern Nigeria. The daily activities mostly affected was eating and enjoying food.
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Salama, Zienab M., Neamatallah G. Ahmed e Asmaa M. Mahmoud. "Tertiary Trauma Survey: Nurses Performance and Polytrauma Patients’ Outcomes". Evidence-Based Nursing Research 1, n. 1 (11 aprile 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i1.30.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Context: Tertiary Trauma Survey is an important tool for the detection of missed injury, and some trauma units have created their protocol for tertiary trauma surveys to decrease the incidence of missed injuries in trauma patients. Aim: This study aims to assess nurses' performance regarding tertiary Survey and Poly-trauma patients’ outcome. Methods: Descriptive exploratory design utilized to achieve the aim of the study. A convenient sample of all available nurs- es (50 nurses) who are working in the intensive care unit at the emergency hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University Hos- pitals. A purposeful sample composed of (50) adult patients diagnosed as poly-trauma patients recruited from the same units. Data obtained through three main tools; Self-administered questionnaire for nurses, nurses practice observational checklist and clinical outcome record for patients.
Results: Nurses under study had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice regarding tertiary trauma survey (44%&32%) respectively. There was a highly statistically significant positive correlation between the total level of knowledge and practice. There was the difference between injury severity score and laboratory, hemodynamic status, physi- cal assessment and radiological findings of polytrauma patients on admission and after 24 hours.
Conclusion: Less than half and less than one-third of the nurses under study had an unsatisfactory level of knowledge and practice respectively, regarding tertiary trauma survey. There was highly statistically significant positive correlation between the total level of knowledge and total level practice. Polytrauma patients' outcome, revealed a statistically significant differ- ence between injury severity score, hemodynamic status, physical assessment and radiological findings in polytrauma pa- tients on admission and after 24 hours. Recommendations: Further research is needed to follow the patients' outcome and missed injury. Replication of the current study on larger probability sample is recommended to achieve generalization of the result. Tailored Training courses are needed for nurses to improve unsatisfactory knowledge and practices regarding tertiary trauma survey- integrated studies with the emergency medical team to communicate patients' outcome research findings.
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Váňa, Petr, Jana Juříková, Martina Bernaciková, Radek Ševčík, Alena Žákovská e Petr Hedbávný. "Might Salivary Lysozyme Be An Indicator Of Prolonged Intense Training Load In Athletes? A Preliminary Study In Adolescent Male Gymnasts". Studia sportiva 14, n. 1 (1 settembre 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2020-1-4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lysozyme is one of the salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMP) which act as a defence at the mucosal surface. While in adult athletes, a decrease in salivary lysozyme (SLys) levels has been reported after prolonged intense training, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to study the relationship between SLys levels and long-term physical activity in children or teenagers.The aim of this preliminary study was mainly to evaluate in a group of adolescent male gymnasts undergoing prolonged intense training load whether - in accordance with studies in adult athletes - there will also be a decrease in SLys and if so, whether this phenomenon will be so common that we detect it in a small group of study participants.Twelve adolescent male gymnasts aged from 15.0 ± 1.6 years of national or international performance level were recruited to participate in this study. All participants of the study had their sample of saliva taken: I. Period) after the transitional period (rest), i.e. just before the beginning of the preparatory training period. II. Period) immediately after the end of the preparatory training period that was focused on maximal strength and power development. Preparatory training period lasting 6 weeks consisted of nine 2.5 hour training units (on average) over 6 days in every week. At the same time, three times per week two-a-day training sessions were incorporated. Intensity of the physical exercise was not determined.We found a significant decrease in SLys levels after the preparatory training period (termed as II. period) compared to its level just before the start of the training (i.e. after the rest, termed as I. period).The results of this preliminary study suggest that SLys measurements may be an indicator of prolonged training load in adolescent athletes. Although the intensity of the training load has not been determined, the national and international performance level of the gymnasts enrolled in the study allows at least a rough estimate of its level. However, with respect to some limitations of our study, larger studies on male and female adolescent athletes, applying relevant training load with monitoring of variables such as specific sports performance, physical fitness, nutrition, sleep quality, social and psychological factors, are desirable.
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Pittman, Andrea L., e Patricia G. Stelmachowicz. "Perception of Voiceless Fricatives by Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Children and Adults". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43, n. 6 (dicembre 2000): 1389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4306.1389.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined the perceptual-weighting strategies and performance-audibility functions of 11 moderately hearing-impaired (HI) children, 11 age-matched normal-hearing (NH) children, 11 moderately HI adults, and 11 NH adults. The purpose was to (a) determine the perceptual-weighting strategies of HI children relative to the other groups and (b) determine the audibility required by each group to achieve a criterion level of performance. Stimuli were 4 nonsense syllables (/us/, /u∫/, /uf/, and /uθ/). The vowel, transition, and fricative segments of each nonsense syllable were identified along the temporal domain, and each segment was amplified randomly within each syllable during presentation. Point-biserial correlation coefficients were calculated using the amplitude variation of each segment and the correct and incorrect responses for the corresponding syllable. Results showed that for /us/ and /u∫/, all four groups heavily weighted the fricative segments during perception, whereas the vowel and transition segments received little or no weight. For /uf/, relatively low weights were given to each segment by all four groups. For /uθ/, the NH children and adults weighted the transition segment more so than the vowel and fricative segments, whereas the HI children and adults weighted all three segments equally low. Performance-audibility functions of the fricative segments of /us/ and /u∫/ were constructed for each group. In general, maximum performance for each group was reached at lower audibility levels for /s/ than for /∫/ and steeper functions were observed for the HI groups relative to the NH groups. A decision theory approach was used to confirm the audibility required by each group to achieve a ≥90% level of performance. Results showed both hearing sensitivity and age effects. The HI listeners required lower levels of audibility than the NH listeners to achieve similar levels of performance. Likewise, the adult listeners required lower levels of audibility than the children, although this difference was more substantial for the NH listeners than for the HI listeners.
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Campanholo, Kenia Repiso, Marcos Antunes Romão, Melissa de Almeida Rodrigues Machado, Valéria Trunkl Serrao, Denise Gonçalves Cunha Coutinho, Gláucia Rosana Guerra Benute e Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia. "Performance of an adult Brazilian sample on the Trail Making Test and Stroop Test". Dementia & Neuropsychologia 8, n. 1 (marzo 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642014dn81000005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Test (ST) are attention tests widely used in clinical practice and research. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the adult Brazilian population and to study the influence of gender, age and education on the TMT parts A and B, and ST cards A, B and C. Methods: We recruited 1447 healthy subjects aged ≥18 years with an educational level of 0-25 years who were native speakers of Portuguese (Brazilian). The subjects were evaluated by the Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III, along with the TMTA, TMTB and ST A, B and C. Results: Among the participants, mean intellectual efficiency was 103.20 (SD: 12.0), age 41.0 (SD: 16.4) years and education 11.9 (SD: 5.6) years. There were significant differences between genders on the TMTA (p=0.002), TMTB (p=0.017) and STC (p=0.024). Age showed a positive correlation with all attention tests, whereas education showed a negative correlation. Gender was not found to be significant on the multiple linear regression model, but age and education maintained their interference. Conclusion: Gender did not have the major impact on attentional tasks observed for age and education, both of which should be considered in the stratification of normative samples.
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Camors, Casey, Stacy L. Chavez e Andrea M. Romi. "The cannabis industry within the USA: the influence of gender on cannabis policy and sales". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 11, n. 6 (31 gennaio 2020): 1095–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-12-2018-0330.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Motivated by upper echelon theory, this paper aims to examine the association between gender and the cannabis industry in the USA from both policy and an organizational perspective. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines two novel data sets in two legal adult-use cannabis states. First, it examines how city council gender diversity relates to city opt-out measure decisions, barring cannabis operations and forgoing related tax revenues. Second, it examines how management gender diversity relates to organizational performance. Findings Results suggest that, from a policy perspective, cities with higher council gender diversity are less likely to propose an opt-out measure to city taxpayers. From an organizational perspective, results suggest that female representation at the highest level is associated with higher sales in the retail sector of the cannabis industry. Research limitations/implications Findings are somewhat limited by data availability and may not be generalizable to all adult-use legal states. While the study recognizes the possibility of self-selection bias in the results, robust analyses is performed to limit this possibility. Finally, while the study wholly recognizes that gender is not binary, it is limited to a binary gender variable based on the gender recognition software used in this study. It is also understood that this may not accurately capture the richness of a more inclusive examination of gender. Practical implications Results from this study inform communities on the impact of city council gender diversity on policy outcomes and related tax revenue levels. Further, results inform the adult-use cannabis industry on benefits derived from executive-level gender diversity. Social implications Evidence suggests that gender diversity has a significant impact on the adoption of legalized adult-use cannabis policy. Social benefits from legalization potentially include increased revenues from taxes, decreased spending on cannabis enforcement, decreased health costs and decreased drug-related violence. Many of these benefits substantially impact communities disproportionally burdened by former prohibition. Additionally, the results indicate that gender is associated with the level of sales within cannabis organizations, generating debate about the possibility of economic performance in the absence of historical executive gender barriers. Originality/value This paper provides an initial empirical examination of gender diversity within and around the rapidly evolving adult-use cannabis industry in the USA.
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Christian, M. S., R. G. York, A. M. Hoberman, L. C. Fisher e W. Ray Brown. "Oral (Drinking Water) Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study of Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in Rats". International Journal of Toxicology 21, n. 2 (marzo 2002): 115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10915810252866097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) was tested for reproductive toxicity in a two-generation study in CRL SD rats. Thirty rats/sex/group/generation were continuously provided BDCM in drinking water at 0 (control carrier, reverse osmosis membrane-processed water), 50, 150, and 450 ppm (0,4.1 to 12.6, 11.6 to 40.2, and 29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day, respectively). Adult human intake approximates 0.8 μg/kg/day (0.0008 mg/kg/day). P and F1 rats were observed for general toxicity (viability, clinical signs, water and feed consumption, body weights, organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], histopathology [10/sex, 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups]) and reproduction (mating, fertility, abortions, premature deliveries, durations of gestation, litter sizes, sex ratios, viabilities, maternal behaviors, reproductive organ weights [also three weanling F1 and F2 pups/sex/litter], sperm parameters, and implantations. F1 rats were evaluated for age at vaginal patency or preputial separation. Ten P and F1 rats/sex from the 0-and 450-ppm exposure groups and rats at 50 and 150 ppm with reduced fertility were evaluated for histopathology (gross lesions, testes, intact epididymis, all F1 dams for number of primordial follicles). Developmental parameters in offspring included implantation and pup numbers, sexes, viabilities, body weights, gross external alterations, and reproductive parameters (F1 adults). Toxicologically important, statistically significant effects at 150 and/or 450 ppm included mortality and clinical signs associated with reduced absolute and relative water consumption, reduced body weights and weight gains, and reduced absolute and relative feed consumption (P and F1 rats). Significantly reduced body weights at 150 and 450 ppm were associated with reduced organ weights and increased organ weight ratios (% body and/or brain weight). Histopathology did not identify abnormalities. Small delays in sexual maturation (preputial separation, vaginal patency) and more F1 rats with prolonged diestrus were also attributable to severely reduced pup body weights. Mating, fertility, sperm parameters, and primordial ovarian follicular counts were unaffected. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and the reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM were at least 50 ppm (4.1 to 12.6 mg/kg/day), 5125 to 15,750 times the human adult exposure level, if delayed sexual maturational associated with severely reduced body weights is considered reproductive toxicity. If considered general toxicity, reproductive and developmental NOAELs for BDCM are greater than 450 ppm (29.5 to 109.0 mg/kg/day), or 36,875 to 136,250 times the human adult exposure level. Regardless, these data indicate that BDCM should not be identified as a risk to human reproductive performance or development of human conceptuses.
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Kaymak, Derya, İbrahim Gündoğmuş, Mihriban Dalkıran, Murat Küçükevcilioğlu e Özcan Uzun. "Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship With Executive Functions in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Patients". Psychiatry Investigation 18, n. 12 (25 dicembre 2021): 1171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0167.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) with controls in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the relationship between RNFL thickness and the level of performance in disease severity and executive function tests in ADHD cases.Methods The study included 38 volunteer patients diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy volunteers. Adult ADHD self-report scale was used for ADHD symptom severity. Executive functions were evaluated by Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test. RNFL thickness of all participants was evaluated using optical coherence tomography (OCT).Results In the comparison of RNFL values, it was found that right mean, right temporal, right temporal inferior, left mean, left nasal, and left nasal inferior quadrant values were statistically thinner in ADHD cases compared to the control group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean RNFL thickness values of the right and left eyes of ADHD cases and the symptom severity and performance levels in executive function tests.Conclusion This study is a guide in terms of being the first study investigating the relationship between RNFL thickness, symptom severity, and various neuropsychological tests in adults with ADHD.
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MacCabe, J. H., M. P. Lambe, S. Cnattingius, A. Torrång, C. Björk, P. C. Sham, A. S. David, R. M. Murray e C. M. Hultman. "Scholastic achievement at age 16 and risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses: a national cohort study". Psychological Medicine 38, n. 8 (8 novembre 2007): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707002048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundThere is abundant evidence that schizophrenia is associated with cognitive deficits in childhood. However, previous studies investigating school performance have been inconclusive. Furthermore, there are several biological and social factors that could confound the association. We investigated whether school performance at age 16 is associated with risk of adult schizophrenia and other psychoses in a large national cohort, while controlling for multiple confounders.MethodUsing a national sample of 907 011 individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 1983, we used Cox regression to assess whether scholastic achievement at age 15–16 predicted hospital admission for psychosis between ages 17 and 31, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsPoor school performance was associated with increased rates of schizophrenia [hazard ratio (HR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–5.3], schizo-affective disorder (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.9–9.1) and other psychoses (HR 3.0, 95% CI 2.3–4.0). Receiving the lowest (E) grade was significantly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses in every school subject. There was no evidence of confounding by migrant status, low birthweight, hypoxia, parental education level or socio-economic group.ConclusionsPoor school performance across all domains is strongly associated with risk for schizophrenia and other psychoses.
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Khamadi, Samoel A., Caroline Mavere, Emmanuel Bahemana, Anange Lwilla, Mucho Mizinduko, Seth Bwigane, Adela Peter et al. "Early warning indicators of HIV drug resistance in the southern highlands region of Tanzania: Lessons from a cross-sectional surveillance study". PLOS Global Public Health 3, n. 3 (30 marzo 2023): e0000929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000929.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The World Health Organization early warning indicators (EWIs) permit surveillance of factors associated with the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR). We examined cross- and within-region performance on HIVDR EWIs for selected HIV care and treatment clinics (CTCs) in five regions of southern Tanzania. We retrospectively abstracted EWI data from 50 CTCs for the January to December 2013 period. EWIs included the following: on time ART pick-up, retention on ART, ARV stockouts, and pharmacy prescribing and dispensing practices. Data for pediatric and adult people living with HIV were abstracted from source files, and frequencies and proportions were calculated for each EWI overall, as well as stratified by region, facility, and age group. Across and within all regions, on average, on-time pick-up of pills (63.0%), retention on ART (76.0%), and pharmacy stockouts (69.0%) were consistently poor for the pediatric population. Similarly, on-time pill pick up (66.0%), retention on ART (72.0%) and pharmacy stockouts (53.0%) for adults were also poor. By contrast, performance on pharmacy prescribing and dispensing practices were as desired for both pediatric and adult populations with few facility-level exceptions. In this study, regions and facilities in the southern highlands of Tanzania reported widespread presence of HIVDR risk factors, including sub-optimal timeliness of pill pickup, retention on ART, and drug stockouts. There is an urgent need to implement the WHO EWIs monitoring to minimize the emergence of preventable HIV drug resistance and to maintain the effectiveness of first and second-line ART regimens. This is particularly critical in the context of new ART drug roll-out such as dolutegravir during the COVID-19 pandemic when resultant HIV service disruptions require careful monitoring, and for virologic suppression as countries move closer to epidemic control.
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Rothes, Ana, Marina S. Lemos e Teresa Gonçalves. "The Influence of Students’ Self-Determination and Personal Achievement Goals in Learning and Engagement: A Mediation Model for Traditional and Nontraditional Students". Education Sciences 12, n. 6 (25 maggio 2022): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12060369.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Self-determination theory (SDT) and achievement goal theory (AGT) assume that students’ level of self-determination and the goals they pursue in class are important factors in engagement and learning. The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the links between the students’ types of motivation and personal achievement goals; (2) explore how these two sets of variables relate to learning, engagement, and exploring mediation effects; and (3) understand the specificities of nontraditional students vs. traditional students, regarding the way these variables relate to each other. The study used a sample of 361 Portuguese adult students, 138 traditional (younger than 25 years old), and 223 nontraditional (active adults returning to education, 25 or older). The instruments used were: Self-regulation Questionnaire—Learning, Personal Achievement Goal Orientations Scale, Adult Learning Strategies Evaluation Scale and Behavioral Engagement Questionnaire. Path analysis for the total sample revealed that mastery goals mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation and all educational outcomes, and performance-avoidance goals mediated the relationship between introjected regulation, external regulation, and behavioral and emotional engagement. Multiple-group path analysis revealed a much stronger pattern of relationships for nontraditional students, especially between the SDT and AGT variables. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Trogrlic, Zoran, Mathieu van der Jagt, Theo van Achterberg, Huibert Ponssen, Jeannette Schoonderbeek, Frodo Schreiner, Serge Verbrugge, Annemieke Dijkstra, Jan Bakker e Erwin Ista. "Prospective multicentre multifaceted before-after implementation study of ICU delirium guidelines: a process evaluation". BMJ Open Quality 9, n. 3 (settembre 2020): e000871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2019-000871.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectiveWe aimed to explore: the exposure of healthcare workers to a delirium guidelines implementation programme; effects on guideline adherence at intensive care unit (ICU) level; impact on knowledge and barriers, and experiences with the implementation.DesignA mixed-methods process evaluation of a prospective multicentre implementation study.SettingSix ICUs.Participants4449 adult ICU patients and 500 ICU professionals approximately.InterventionA tailored implementation programme.Main outcome measureAdherence to delirium guidelines recommendations at ICU level before, during and after implementation; knowledge and perceived barriers; and experiences with the implementation.ResultsFive of six ICUs were exposed to all implementation strategies as planned. More than 85% followed the required e-learnings; 92% of the nurses attended the clinical classroom lessons; five ICUs used all available implementation strategies and perceived to have implemented all guideline recommendations (>90%). Adherence to predefined performance indicators (PIs) at ICU level was only above the preset target (>85%) for delirium screening. For all other PIs, the inter-ICU variability was between 34% and 72%. The implementation of delirium guidelines was feasible and successful in resolving the majority of barriers found before the implementation. The improvement was well sustained 6 months after full guideline implementation. Knowledge about delirium was improved (from 61% to 65%). The implementation programme was experienced as very successful.ConclusionsMultifaceted implementation can improve and sustain adherence to delirium guidelines, is feasible and can largely be performed as planned. However, variability in delirium guideline adherence at individual ICUs remains a challenge, indicating the need for more tailoring at centre level.
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Jin, Hua, Su-Ping Gu, Yan Wang, Ke Pan, Zhong Chen, Hai-Long Cao e Dongjin Wang. "Diagnosis Value of Procalcitonin Variation on Early Pneumonia after Adult Cardiac Surgery". Heart Surgery Forum 24, n. 4 (25 agosto 2021): E734—E740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.3987.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Postoperative pneumonia (PP) is a complication after cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate the ability of procalcitonin (PCT) variation to diagnose postoperative pneumonia. Method: In this prospective observational study, patients with PP and age- and sex-matched cases in our center from October 10, 2020, to January 31, 2021, were included. Patients diagnosed with PP in this study met both clinical and microbiological diagnostic criteria. Blood samples were collected in all patients from the first postoperative day (POD1) to POD5 to measure PCT, white blood cells (WBCs), and C-reactive protein (CRP). PCT variation was calculated by the equation: (PCTdelayed – PCTPOD1)/PCTPOD1. The receiver operating characteristic and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different biomarkers. Results: Our study enrolled 272 patients, including 24 patients with PP and 248 age- and sex-matched cases. From POD1 to POD5, the absolute value of PCT showed diagnostic significance for pneumonia (P < .05), WBC showed no differences, and CRP had no diagnostic value until POD4. Furthermore, PCT variation showed the best diagnostic value among those biomarkers (AUC 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.71, 0.91). Multivariable logistic regression showed that PCT variation on POD2 had significant value to predict PP (odds ratio 5.602, 95% CI 2.178, 14.409, P < .01). Conclusion: Compared with PCT level, WBC count, and CRP level, PCT variation had the best diagnostic value in predicting PP.
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Chang, Chia-Peng, Wen-Chih Fann, Shu-Ruei Wu, Chun-Nan Lin, I.-Chuan Chen e and Cheng-Ting Hsiao. "Diagnostic Performance of Initial Serum Albumin Level for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality among Necrotizing Fasciitis Patients". Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, n. 11 (10 novembre 2018): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm7110435.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Hypoalbuminemia is known to be associated with adverse outcomes in critical illness. In this study, we attempted to identify whether hypoalbuminemia on emergency department (ED) arrival is a reliable predictor for in-hospital mortality in necrotizing fasciitis (NF). patients. Method: A retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adult patients with NF was conducted in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan between March 2010 and March 2018. Blood samples were collected in the ED upon arrival, and serum albumin levels were determined. We evaluated the predictive value of serum albumin level at ED presentation for in-hospital mortality. All collected data were statistically analyzed. Result: Of the 707 NF patients, 40 (5.66%) died in the hospital. The mean serum albumin level was 3.1 ± 0.9 g/dL and serum albumin levels were significantly lower in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group (2.8 ± 0.7 g/dL vs. 3.5 ± 0.8 g/dL). In the multivariable logistic regression model, albumin was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.96, p < 0.001). The area under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) for in-hospital survival was 0.77 (95% CI 0.72–0.82) and corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratio were 66%, 74%, 33%, 88%, 2.25, and 0.48, respectively. High sensitivity (96%) for survival was shown at albumin level of 4.0 g/dL and high specificity (91%) for mortality was shown at a level of 2.5 g/dL. Conclusion: Initial serum albumin levels strongly predicted in-hospital mortality among patients with necrotizing fasciitis. NF patients with hypoalbuminemia on ED arrival should be closely monitored for signs of deterioration and early and aggressive intervention should be considered to prevent mortality.
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Al-Akashi, Falah Hassan Ali. "Analysing Twitter Data for Phishing Tweets Identification". International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 17, n. 2 (aprile 2021): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiit.2021040105.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Detecting threats like adult, violent, and phishing tweets on online social networks is a crucial issue in recent years. The aim of the work is to identify phishing content from the users' perspective in real-time tweets. To outline such content comprehensively, lexicon analysis with sentiments are encapsulated to investigate tweets that yield phishing dynamic keywords, while some features and parameters are altered to optimize the performance. To support the preliminary study, the approach is rigorously designed to assemble users' opinions on completely different classes of phishing content. Each direct and indirect opinions as well as recently projected opinions are listed to characterize all sorts of phishing content. The authors use word level analysis with sentiments to build keyword blacklist lexicons. High promising results and high level of accuracy and performance are obtained experimentally if compared with the alternative algorithms.
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Riley, Jeffrey B., Bruce E. Searles, Edward M. Darling, Dawn M. Oles e Hani Aiash. "The Effectiveness of Three Different Curricular Models to Teach Fundamental ECMO Specialist Skills to Entry Level Perfusionists". Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology 53, n. 4 (dicembre 2021): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ject/202153245.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dramatic increase in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) over the last decade with the concomitant need for ECMO competent perfusionists has raised questions of how well perfusion education programs are preparing entry-level perfusionists to participate in ECMO. While all perfusion schools teach ECMO principles, there is no standardized or systematic approach to the delivery of didactic knowledge and clinical skills in ECMO. Given this variability of ECMO education across and within perfusion schools, the CES-A exam may provide a metric for comparing curricular approaches. The purpose of this study is to examine three different curricular approaches to prepare new perfusion graduates to master the Adult ECMO Specialist Certification exam (CES-A). We examined three different curricular approaches to prepare new perfusion graduates to master the Adult ECMO Specialist Certification exam (CES-A). We hypothesized that there would be no difference in CES-A pass rate, exam score, Rasch measure, and item category scores between SUNY Cardiovascular Perfusion Program (CVP) graduates who completed SUNY’s ECMO Capstone experience (Group III) and CVP graduates who did not select the ECMO Capstone experience (Group II). Further, we studied the performance of a third group of new graduates from an external program that does not offer formal ECMO courses or an ECMO Capstone experience (Group I). Every perfusion graduate in all groups passed the adult ECMO specialist exam. The graduates who as students completed an ECMO Capstone experience (Group III) scored higher on the exam and significantly higher on four exam categories: coagulation and hemostasis (p = .058), lab analysis point of care (p = .035), and monitor patient and circuit (p = .073), and the safety and failure modes (p = .017). Overall the median graduate Rasch measures ranked with Group III demonstrating the highest measure to Group I the lowest measures (not significant at p = .085). There is a positive educational effect due to CVP graduates completion of the ECMO Capstone experience compared to the program standard ECMO-related curricula in the two perfusion programs participating in this study. From this observation a structured ECMO simulation-based program appears to be equally effective as a traditional, typical lecture-only, clinical perfusion preceptorship, while demonstrating a more satisfactory experience with a higher reported case experience. In this study the standard perfusionist education curriculum prepared the new graduate to be successful on the CES-A exam. The three curricular approaches appear to prepare perfusionist graduates to be successful on the Adult ECMO Specialist exam.
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Batista, Juliana Alves, Luana Giatti, Sandhi Maria Barreto, Ana Roscoe Papini Galery e Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos. "Reliability of Cognitive Tests of ELSA-Brasil, the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health". Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, n. 4 (dicembre 2013): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn74000003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Cognitive function evaluation entails the use of neuropsychological tests, applied exclusively or in sequence. The results of these tests may be influenced by factors related to the environment, the interviewer or the interviewee. Objectives: We examined the test-retest reliability of some tests of the Brazilian version from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease. Methods: The ELSA-Brasil is a multicentre study of civil servants (35-74 years of age) from public institutions across six Brazilian States. The same tests were applied, in different order of appearance, by the same trained and certified interviewer, with an approximate 20-day interval, to 160 adults (51% men, mean age 52 years). The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of the measures; and a dispersion graph was used to examine the patterns of agreement between them. Results: We observed higher retest scores in all tests as well as a shorter test completion time for the Trail Making Test B. ICC values for each test were as following: Word List Learning Test (0.56), Word Recall (0.50), Word Recognition (0.35), Phonemic Verbal Fluency Test (VFT, 0.61), Semantic VFT (0.53) and Trail B (0.91). The Bland-Altman plot showed better correlation of executive function (VFT and Trail B) than of memory tests. Conclusions: Better performance in retest may reflect a learning effect, and suggest that retest should be repeated using alternate forms or after longer periods. In this sample of adults with high schooling level, reliability was only moderate for memory tests whereas the measurement of executive function proved more reliable.
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Sarmento, Hugo, e Adilson Marques. "Achievement goals and self-determination in adult football players – a cluster analysis". Kinesiology 50, n. 1 (2018): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.50.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To better understand the relationship between aspects of motivation and performance level in adult football players, this study aimed to identify differences in motivation among different motivational profiles created by means of hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants were 304 adult football players (90 professionals, 144 semi-professionals, 70 amateurs, age: 25.4±4.6 years). Participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sports Questionnaire and the Self-Regulation Questionnaire. Based on the constructs of the questionnaires, cluster analyses were performed. Chi-square was used to determine any relationships between the players and clusters. Four different clusters were identified. There was no typical motivational profile for football players of different competition levels. However, the differences in all four clusters represented specific characteristics of football players of different competition levels most represented in each respective cluster. Cluster 1, which was the most adaptive, was not related to any competition level. On the other hand, professional athletes were significantly less represented in the least adaptive motivational profile (Cluster 4). The results highlight the complex relationship between competition and sporting motivation. Identifying the motivational profile characteristics of football players who can reach higher competition levels presents itself as a future research opportunity.
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Azhari, Ahmad, e Fathia Irbati Ammatulloh. "Classification of Concentration Levels in Adult-Early Phase using Brainwave Signals by Applying K-Nearest Neighbor". Signal and Image Processing Letters 1, n. 1 (31 marzo 2019): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/simple.v1i1.170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The brain controls the center of human life. Through the brain, all activities of living can be done. One of them is cognitive activity. Brain performance is influenced by mental conditions, lifestyle, and age. Cognitive activity is an observation of mental action, so it includes psychological symptoms that involve memory in the brain's memory, information processing, and future planning. In this study, the concentration level was measured at the age of the adult-early phase (18-30 years) because in this phase, the brain thinks more abstractly and mental conditions influence it. The purpose of this study was to see the level of concentration in the adult-early phase with a stimulus in the form of cognitive activity using IQ tests with the type of Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM) tests. To find out the IQ test results require a long time, so in this study, a recording was done to get brain waves so that the results of the concentration level can be obtained quickly.EEG data was taken using an Electroencephalogram (EEG) by applying the SPM test as a stimulus. The acquisition takes three times for each respondent, with a total of 10 respondents. The method implemented in this study is a classification with the k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) algorithm. Before using this method, preprocessing is done first by reducing the signal and filtering the beta signal (13-30 Hz).The results of the data taken will be extracted first to get the right features, feature extraction in this study using first-order statistical characteristics that aim to find out the typical information from the signals obtained. The results of this study are the classification of concentration levels in the categories of high, medium, and low. Finally, the results of this study show an accuracy rate of 70%.
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Sun, Xiao-Ming, Marjorie D. Jung, Duck O. Kim e Kenneth J. Randolph. "Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission Test of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Humans: Comparison of Unequal- and Equal-Level Stimuli". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, n. 12 (dicembre 1996): 982–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610501209.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) at the frequency of 2f1 — f2 (f1 < f2) were measured in 77 human adult ears with normal hearing or sensorineural hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to compare the performances of DPOE tests conducted with two sets of stimuli: 1) L1 = 65, L2 = 50 dB sound pressure level (SPL) re 20 μPa (“65/50”), and 2) L1 = L2 = 65 dB SPL (“65/65”). Half-octave DPOE root-mean-square levels at 1,000, 2,000,4,000, and 6,000 Hz were computed from the initial DPOEs measured at 0.25-octave intervals. Correlation coefficient and decision-theory analyses were applied to evaluate the DPOE test performance. For both stimuli, DPOE level exhibited significant correlation with pure tone hearing threshold. When the criterion DPOE level distinguishing normal from impaired hearing was adjusted, the curves of sensitivity and specificity crossed, and the values at the crossing were higher than 80% at frequencies of 2,000 to 6,000 Hz for both stimuli. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides an overall evaluation of the test performance independent of the criterion DPOE level, was .90 or higher at 2,000 to 6,000 Hz for both stimuli. At 2,000 and 4,000 Hz, all measures of test performance were higher for the 65/50 stimulus than the 65/65 stimulus: area under the ROC curve (.96 to .97 versus .90 to .91, statistically significant, p < .001, Wilcoxon test), sensitivity/specificity (90% to 93% versus 80% to 85%), and correlation coefficient (.78 to .87 versus .66 to .79). At 1,000 and 6,000 Hz, the performances of the DPOE tests were similar for the two stimuli. These results support the conclusion that a DPOE test with L1 = 65 and L2 = 50 dB SPL provides a better performance than that with L1 = L2 = 65 dB SPL and recommend the use of stimuli with L1 being higher than L2 by about 15 dB. These results also support a growing view that 2f1 — f2 DPOEs can be utilized clinically as a reliable method of testing human sensorineural hearing loss.
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Caligari, Marco, Marica Giardini, Ilaria Arcolin, Marco Godi, Stefano Corna e Roberto Colombo. "Writing with the Eyes: The Effect of Age on Eye-Tracking Performance in Non-Disabled Adults and a Comparison with Bimanual Typing". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (24 agosto 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9365199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eye-tracking technology is advancing rapidly, becoming cheaper and easier to use and more robust. This has fueled an increase in its implementation for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). Nowadays, Eye-Tracking Communication Devices (ETCDs) can be an effective aid for people with disabilities and communication problems. However, it is not clear what level of performance is attainable with these devices or how to optimize them for AAC use. The objective of this observational study was to provide data on non-disabled adults’ performance with ETCD regarding (a) range of eye-typing ability in terms of speed and errors for different age groups and (b) relationship between ETCD performance and bimanual writing with a conventional PC keyboard and (c) to suggest a method for a correct implementation of ETCD for AAC. Sixty-seven healthy adult volunteers (aged 20–79 years) were asked to type a sample sentence using, first, a commercial ETCD and then a standard PC keyboard; we recorded the typing speed and error rate. We repeated the test 11 times in order to assess performance changes due to learning. Performances differed between young (20–39 years), middle-aged (40–59 years), and elderly (60–79 years) participants. Age had a negative impact on performance: as age increased, typing speed decreased and the error rate increased. There was a clear learning effect, i.e., repetition of the exercise produced an improvement of performance in all subjects. Bimanual and ETCD typing speed showed a linear relationship, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.73. The assessment of the effect of age on eye-typing performance can be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of man-machine interaction for use of ETCDs for AAC. Based on our findings, we outline a potential method (obviously requiring further verification) for the setup and tuning of ETCDs for AAC in people with disabilities and communication problems.
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Yates, Samuel J., Elizabeth Terman, Michael Zhang, John Cursio, Lauren Miller, Afsheen Norani, Jamie Matthews, Megan Huisingh-Scheetz, Mariam T. Nawas e Wendy Stock. "Trial in Progress: Investigating the Prognostic Significance of Malnutrition and Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174327.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Significance: For older adults (≥60 years) newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), tumor-specific and patient-specific factors have been used to predict treatment-related mortality (TRM) and determine suitability for intensive antileukemic therapy. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a tool designed to comprehensively evaluate health among older adults. CGA assesses multiple health domains including physical function, cognition, nutrition, mental health, polypharmacy, comorbidities, and social support but does not currently incorporate body imaging. Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and strength. It can be measured objectively by CT, DEXA or Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) in combination with tests of muscle strength. It has been proposed as a more accurate nutritional marker compared to BMI or serum markers. Nearly all older adults with AML receive a CT scan during their cancer evaluation. Therefore, there is an opportunity to leverage CT sarcopenia measures to improve risk prediction. Our study aims to (1) assess the burden of malnutrition and sarcopenia in older adults with newly diagnosed AML undergoing induction and (2) determine the prognostic impact of traditional markers of nutrition and novel sarcopenia measures on TRM. Study Design and Methods: This is a prospective, observational study of 82 newly diagnosed, older adult patients with AML undergoing induction treatment at the University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center (NCT05458258). Key inclusion criteria include age ≥60 years and receipt of induction therapy for newly diagnosed AML. Key exclusion criteria include presence of a pacemaker or defibrillator. To assess Aim 1, newly diagnosed older adult patients with AML will be undergo a subjective global nutrition assessment and serum nutritional markers [prealbumin, albumin, CRP, ferritin]. Body composition (fat-mass, fat-free mass, lean mass) will be assessed using BIA and CT. Sarcopenia will be defined by the CT Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) at L3 plus impairment on either maximal hand grip strength, 6-minute walk, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Patients will also undergo an assessment of disability (instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and activities of daily living (ADL) surveys), Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB], and Montreal cognitive assessment [MOCA]) prior to starting induction. All measures will be repeated at the start of post-remission therapy. Results from both timepoints will be compared against healthy controls matched by age, sex and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Healthy control data will come from the Frailty, Activity, Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure (FACE) Aging dataset housed by the Department of Geriatrics at the University of Chicago, a 1-year longitudinal, observation study of frailty in older adults residing around the university. We will match 1 AML case to 1 control. In order to ensure that all subjects are matched, 2:1 propensity score matching will be used to generate matching controls for each case. To assess Aim 2, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models will be performed for each of those nutrition status and sarcopenia markers significant for TRM in univariate analysis. In multivariable analyses, we will control for age, European Leukemia Net 2022 risk stratification, ECOG PS, and CGA measures as covariates. A sample size of 82 patients will give us 80% power to detect a hazard ratio of 3.0 for TRM, the primary end point, for CT diagnosed sarcopenia using a Cox proportional hazards model with a 0.05 significance level and a 60-day mortality rate of 18%. We anticipate completion of enrollment within two years of study initiation. To date, 17 patients have been approached for consent with 11 patients enrolled. When complete, this trial will provide initial evidence necessary to recommend nutritional assessment as a part of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in all older adult AML patients. Furthermore, it may provide evidence to support a future interventional study assessing the impact of improved nutritional status on TRM. Figure 1. NCT05458258 study schema.
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Tomer, Abhilasha, Amlan Kanti Sarkar e Havagiray R. Chitme. "Impact of dietary and herbal supplements on global health of adult volunteers". Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 37, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2024-0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The safety and efficacy of multivitamin-multimineral-multiherbal (MVMH) supplementation is in regular debate but should be studied in detail before recommendation. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether MVMH supplementation affects the physical and mental performance of individuals taking these, as well as to ascertain its safety, doing so through blood, kidney and liver profiles. In this Cross over cohort study, we enrolled 30 healthy volunteers and established their anthropometric, stress, anxiety and depression levels before and after 30 days of the study. Their kidney function test, liver function test and blood profile results were also analysed to determine overall health effects of the supplement and assess its safety. Parametric data was examined via Paired T test, followed by One Way ANOVA, Non-parametric data is presented as percentage and analysed by applying Paired Sample Wilcoxon Signal Rank Test followed by Friedman ANOVA test. All the volunteers were in good health, had no change in medical state. No serious adverse event was reported during the study and after the completion of study. Treatment with MVMH tablets had shown very significant (p <0.01) increase in the level of globulin, uric acid (p <0.05), hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels (p <0.05), BMI and body weight (p <0.05). There was significant (p <0.05) improvement in symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress. The daily intake of MVMH supplements in the form of a tablet once per day improved global health of individuals, along with improvement in mental performance without any significant adverse impact on the body. Based on the results, we recommend that MVMH tablets may be taken once per day for 30 days to improve the physical and mental health of individuals.
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Chew, Sou Chen, Zhi Yuen Beh, Vineya Rai Hakumat Rai, Mohamad Fadhil Jamaluddin, Ching Choe Ng, Karuthan Chinna e M. Shahnaz Hasan. "Ultrasound-guided central venous vascular access—novel needle navigation technology compared with conventional method: A randomized study". Journal of Vascular Access 21, n. 1 (31 maggio 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1129729819852057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: Central venous catheter insertion is a common procedure in the intensive care setting. However, complications persist despite real-time ultrasound guidance. Recent innovation in needle navigation technology using guided positioning system enables the clinician to visualize the needle’s real-time position and trajectory as it approaches the target. We hypothesized that the guided positioning system would improve performance time in central venous catheter insertion. Methods: A prospective randomized study was conducted in a single-center adult intensive care unit. In total, 100 patients were randomized into two groups. These patients underwent internal jugular vein central venous catheter cannulation with ultrasound guidance (short-axis scan, out-of-plane needling approach) in which one group adopted conventional method, while the other group was aided with the guided positioning system. Outcomes were measured by procedural efficacy (success rate, number of attempts, time to successful cannulation), complications, level of operators’ experience, and their satisfaction. Results: All patients had successful cannulation on the first attempt except for one case in the conventional group. The median performance time for the guided positioning system method was longer (25.5 vs 15.5 s; p = 0.01). And 86% of the operators had more than 3-year experience in anesthesia. One post-insertion hematoma occurred in the conventional group. Only 88% of the operators using the guided positioning system method were satisfied compared to 100% in the conventional group. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter insertion via internal jugular vein was a safe procedure in both conventional and guided positioning system methods. The guided positioning system did not confer additional benefit but was associated with slower performance time and lower satisfaction level among the experienced operators.
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Yamauchi, Takahiro, Tatsuya Suzuki, Kiyoshi Ando, Tadashi Nagai, Kazuhiko Kakihana, Yasuhiko Miyata, Reginald Ewesuedo, Yasuhiro Tabata e Michinori Ogura. "Phase I Study of Clofarabine (JC0707) in Adult Japanese Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)". Blood 118, n. 21 (18 novembre 2011): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4295.4295.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 4295 Background and Purpose: Although cytarabine plus anthracycline (7+3 or 7+5) regimens are commonly used for induction therapy in patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and there have been improvements in the treatment of AML in younger adults, there is no standard of care in pts with relapsed or refractory (R/R) AML. Treatment options for older pts and those with R/R disease remain limited. Clofarabine (JC0707) is a purine nucleoside analog approved in the United States (US) and European Union for the treatment of pediatric pts with R/R acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In a phase II study from the US, single-agent clofarabine showed activity and acceptable toxicity in pts ≥ 60 years with untreated AML and adverse prognostic factors (Kantarjian, J Clin Oncol 2010;28:549–55). The purpose of this phase I open-label, multi-center study is to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of clofarabine monotherapy in elderly Japanese pts with newly diagnosed AML for whom standard induction chemotherapy is unlikely to be of benefit or Japanese adult pts with R/R AML. Method: Adult pts (20–74 years) with R/R AML according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and elderly pts (60–74 years) with newly diagnosed AML were eligible to participate. Additional inclusion criteria included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2 and no prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The study utilized a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation method; 3 pts enrolled in each dosing cohort, 3 additional pts were added to cohorts where dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the dose level below that for which 2 DLTs were observed. Based on prior clinical trials in the US, pts were to be treated with clofarabine 20 mg/m2/day (IV over 1 hr), 30 mg/m2/day, or 40 mg/m2/day for one 5 day cycle in cohorts 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Pts with evidence of hematologic response after one cycle could receive up to a maximum of 3 cycles. The primary endpoints of this study were MTD, safety, and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Result: Until June 2011, 14 pts were enrolled and treated in this trial: cohort 1 (n=3), cohort 2 (n=6), and cohort 3 (n=5). Bioanalytical determination of clofarabine concentrations in plasma samples showed an increased concentration with increased dosage. No DLTs were noted in cohort 1 (20 mg/m2). Among the first 3 pts in cohort 2 (30 mg/m2), only 1 patient experienced DLT (reversible, grade 4 elevated ALT). Additionally, 2 pts in cohort 3 (40 mg/m2) experienced DLTs (grade 3 elevated ALT [n=1]; grade 3 elevated amylase [n=1]). Thus, the MTD was determined to be 30 mg/m2. Preliminary safety and efficacy data are available for 9 of these pts and presented herein. Overall, the most common all cause, non-hematologic toxicities were nausea and headache (89% each), rash and elevated ALT and AST (78% each), malaise (56%), pneumonia and hypokalemia (44% each), and elevated bilirubin and vomiting (33% each). Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were primarily hematologic and infectious occurring in 89% and 67% of patients, respectively. Only one patient developed a treatment-related serious adverse event (SAE) (herpes zoster). There were no AE related deaths and no patients discontinued therapy as a result of an AE. Two patients achieved complete remission (CR) and 2 patients achieved CR without platelet recovery (CRp), for an overall response rate (ORR) of 44% (Table 1). Additionally, plasma samples were obtained from all patients for PK evaluation; plasma concentration data from all 14 patients will be presented. Conclusion: Clofarabine monotherapy was well tolerated at doses up to 30mg/m2 and showed preliminary evidence of activity with 44% ORR in elderly newly diagnosed AML or adult Japanese pts with R/R AML, warranting further investigations. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Clofarabine (JC0707) is an investigational agent in Japan; this abstract assesses its use in adult AML patients. Ewesuedo:Sanofi Oncology: Employment. Tabata:Genzyme (a Sanofi company): Employment.
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Seok, Min-A., Jun-Hwan Choi, Young-Ho Roh, So-Young Lee e Hyun-Jung Lee. "Can Older Adult Patients with Hip Fractures Have Their Discharge Destination Predicted by Physical Performance Measures?" Medicina 60, n. 7 (21 giugno 2024): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60071017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Objectives: The majority of patients who undergo hip fracture surgery do not recover their former level of physical function; hence, it is essential to establish a specific rehabilitation strategy for maximal functional recovery of patients after a hip fracture. Knowing which indicators of physical function in hip fracture patients have a significant impact on the decision regarding the place or timing of discharge would make it possible to plan and prepare for discharge as soon as possible. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical function and discharge destination for older adult patients with hip fracture. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 150 hip fracture patients (mean age 78.9 ± 10.6 years) between January 2019 and June 2021 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into two groups according to their discharge destination, either home or facility. Demographic and disease-related characteristic data were collected from the medical records. All the patients completed performance-based physical function tests including the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), Koval’s grade, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at the start of rehabilitation and at discharge. A backward stepwise binary logistic regression analysis was then performed to determine the independent factors of the discharge destination. Results: The home discharge group had a significantly lower Koval’s grade, lower TUG, higher BBS both at baseline and discharge, and younger age. Backward stepwise logistic binary regression analysis showed that TUG, BBS, and 10MWT at baseline and discharge were significant variables affecting the discharge destination after hip fracture. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that balance and gait in older adult patients with hip fractures are highly influential factors in the determining the discharge destination.
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Fløtum, Liljan av, Laila S. Ottesen, Peter Krustrup e Magni Mohr. "Evaluating a Nationwide Recreational Football Intervention: Recruitment, Attendance, Adherence, Exercise Intensity, and Health Effects". BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7231545.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present study evaluated a nationwide exercise intervention with Football Fitness in a small-scale society. In all, 741 adult participants (20–72 yrs) were successfully recruited for Football Fitness training in local football clubs, corresponding to 2.1% of the adult population. A preintervention test battery including resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure, and body mass measurements along with performance tests (Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance level 1 (Yo-Yo IE1), the Arrowhead Agility Test, and the Flamingo Balance Test) were performed (n=502). Training attendance (n=310) was 1.6 ± 0.2 sessions per week (range: 0.6–2.9), corresponding to 28.8 ± 1.0 sessions during the 18 wk intervention period. After 18 wks mean arterial pressure (MAP) was −2.7 ± 0.7 mmHg lower (P<0.05;n=151) with even greater (P<0.05) reductions for those with baseline MAP values >99 mmHg (−5.6 ± 1.5 mmHg;n=50). RHR was lowered (P<0.05) by 6 bpm after intervention (77 ± 1 to 71 ± 1 bpm). Yo-Yo IE1 performance increased by 41% (540 ± 27 to 752 ± 45 m), while agility and postural balance were improved (P<0.05) by ~6 and ~45%, respectively. In conclusion, Football Fitness was shown to be a successful health-promoting nationwide training intervention for adult participants with an extraordinary recruitment, a high attendance rate, moderate adherence, high exercise intensity, and marked benefits in cardiovascular health profile and fitness.
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Hanrahan, Stephanie J., Rachel Pedro e Ester Cerin. "Structured Self-Reflection as a Tool to Enhance Perceived Performance and Maintain Effort in Adult Recreational Salsa Dancers". Sport Psychologist 23, n. 2 (giugno 2009): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.23.2.151.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of structured self-reflection in community dance classes would influence achievement goal orientations, levels of intrinsic motivation, or perceived dance performance. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) were modified slightly to reflect involvement in salsa dancing rather than sport and then were administered to 139 Latin dance students at the beginning and end of an 11-week term. The dance classes were divided into control and intervention groups, balanced in terms of sample size and level of instruction. The intervention group completed a salsa self-reflection form during or after class for 9 weeks. At the posttest all students rated their salsa performance and the intervention group evaluated the self-reflection process. Results indicate that although achievement goal orientations were not affected, structured self-reflection is perceived to be a positive tool and may be a useful technique to enhance perceived performance and maintain effort and perceived importance. The participants’ perceptions of the self-reflection process were positive, with no negative effects of engaging in the process reported.
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Harrsen, Kristine, Kaare Christensen, Rikke Lund e Erik Lykke Mortensen. "Educational attainment and trajectories of cognitive decline during four decades—The Glostrup 1914 cohort". PLOS ONE 16, n. 8 (2 agosto 2021): e0255449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255449.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background The potential association between level of education and age-related cognitive decline remains an open question, partly because of a lack of studies including large subsamples with low education and follow-up intervals covering a substantial part of the adult lifespan. Objectives To examine cognitive decline assessed by a comprehensive clinical test of intelligence over a 35-year period of follow-up from ages 50 to 85 and to analyze the effect of education on trajectories of cognitive decline, including the effects of selective attrition. Methods A longitudinal cohort study with a 35-year follow-up of community dwelling members of the Glostrup 1914 cohort. The study sample comprised 697 men and women at the 50-year baseline assessment and additional participants recruited at later follow-ups. Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs were assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale at ages 50, 60, 70, 80, and 85. To be able to track cognitive changes between successive WAIS assessments, all IQs were based on the Danish 50-year norms. Information on school education was self-reported. The association between education and cognitive decline over time was examined in growth curve models. Selective attrition was investigated in subsamples of participants who dropped out at early or later follow-ups. Results The trajectories for Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ showed higher initial cognitive performance, but also revealed steeper decline among participants with a formal school exam compared to participants without a formal exam. Verbal IQ showed the largest difference in level between the two educational groups, whereas the interaction between education and age was stronger for Performance IQ than for Verbal IQ. In spite of the difference in trajectories, higher mean IQ was observed among participants with a formal school exam compared to those without across all ages, including the 85-year follow-up. Further analyses revealed that early dropout was associated with steeper decline, but that this effect was unrelated to education. Conclusion Comprehensive cognitive assessment over a 35-year period suggests that higher education is associated with steeper decline in IQ, but also higher mean IQ at all follow-ups. These findings are unlikely to reflect regression towards the mean, other characteristics of the employed test battery or associations between educational level and study dropout.
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Ford, Katherine, e Anja Leist. "Education, Occupation, and the Cognitive Performance Distribution of South Korean Older Adults". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2021): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.550.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Earlier research suggests that educational attainment up to early adulthood are crucial for the development of cognitive reserve, while intellectually stimulating activities later in the life course are of limited impact. We sought to explore the effects of educational attainment and occupational factors (occupation type and currently having work) across the distribution of cognitive performance for adults aged 45-65 years in South Korea. We analysed scores from the Korean Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) provided in the 2006 wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. We used quantile regressions to both investigate relationships across the distribution and to reduce bias for measures of the central tendency as the MMSE is known for its ceiling effects. The quantile function at the lowest conditional decile of MMSE scores suggested that education level was the dominant significant factor for adult performance on the MMSE (lowest MMSE decile, primary education: β = 6.11 points, p < 0.001; secondary education β = 9.56 points, p < 0.001). All occupational factors were non-significant. Further factors with a significant association with the MMSE were hearing loss, the log-transformed household income, and age squared. With the conditional median function, occupational factors became significant in the middle of the distribution but remained much less important than education levels. In summary, educational levels were more important to explain variation in cognitive functioning than occupational factors, echoing studies with Western samples. We discuss the findings with regard to the historically gender unequal educational and occupational opportunities in Korea.
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Nekar, Daekook M., Hye Yun Kang e Jae Ho Yu. "Improvements of Physical Activity Performance and Motivation in Adult Men through Augmented Reality Approach: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (9 luglio 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3050424.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The COVID-19 pandemic had a global impact, increasing the prevalence of physical inactivity, which is mostly due to the lockdown and social distancing measures adopted during the pandemic. Hence, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of augmented reality-based training on physical activity performance and motivation in healthy adults to mirror visual feedback training and conventional physical therapy. This study used the randomized control trial pretest-posttest research design. Forty-eight healthy men aged 18–35 years who were engaged in recreational physical activities were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups: augmented reality-based training reality (ART), mirror visual feedback training (MVFT), therapist-based training (TBT), and control group. The total training program was held for four weeks. The isokinetic dynamometer, sit-and-reach test, Y balance test, and the intrinsic motivation inventory-22 were used to measure the outcomes before and after the intervention. Paired sample t-test was used to compare the changes before and after the intervention within groups, while the one-way ANOVA was used for the comparison between the groups. Results of the study showed that, after four weeks of intervention, balance, muscle strength, and muscle endurance in all groups significantly improved except for the control group. The ART group showed the highest increase in muscle strength, muscle endurance, and balance compared to the other groups. The motivation level increased in all three feedback groups and was observed in the following order: ART group > MVFT group > TBT group > control group. This study highlighted the most effective method that may be applied for home training during and after this period of the pandemic. The findings revealed that training while receiving real-time feedback via AR devices improves both physical performance and motivation. Augmented reality-based training can be used as an effective training option for improving physical activity and motivation and can be suggested for home training programs.
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Ilboudo, Kadidiata, Karifa Camara, Ernest W. Salou e Geoffrey Gimonneau. "Quality Control and Mating Performance of Irradiated Glossina palpalis gambiensis Males". Insects 13, n. 5 (19 maggio 2022): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13050476.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The biological quality of sterile male insects produced in a mass-rearing facility is a prerequisite for the success of the SIT, which is a component of area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM). Indeed, sterile male insects released in the field must have a good mating performance in order to compete with wild males, but they must also present the required level of sterility. In the present study, the biological quality of sterile male Glossina palpalis gambiensis produced in a mass-rearing insectary was assessed through quality control testing. The mating performance of irradiated males was assessed in walk-in field cages. Irradiation had no effect on adult emergence but significantly reduced the percentage of operational flies (from 89.58% to 79.87%) and male survival (from 5 to 4 days, on average). However, irradiation did not impact the sterile male insemination potential, with all females inseminated and more than 80% of the spermathecae completely filled. The rate of induced sterility in females was 89.67% due to a dose rate decrease of the radiation source. Moreover, sterile males were able to compete successfully with untreated fertile males for untreated females in walk-in field cages. This study confirmed that the flies were still competitive and stressed the importance of regularly checking the radiation source parameters.