Articoli di riviste: "Adolescent psychopathology"

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Pickles, A., A. Aglan, S. Collishaw, J. Messer, M. Rutter e B. Maughan. "Predictors of suicidality across the life span: The Isle of Wight study". Psychological Medicine 40, n. 9 (26 novembre 2009): 1453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991905.

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BackgroundData from a representative community sample were used to explore predictors of lifetime suicidality and to examine associations between distal adolescent and more proximal adult risks.MethodData are from a midlife follow-up of the Isle of Wight study, an epidemiological sample of adolescents assessed in 1968. Ratings of psychiatric symptoms and disorder, relationships and family functioning and adversity were made in adolescence; adult assessments included lifetime psychiatric history and suicidality, neuroticism and retrospective reports of childhood sexual abuse and harsh parenting.ResultsA wide range of measures of childhood psychopathology, adverse experiences and interpersonal difficulties were associated with adult suicidality; associations were particularly strong for adolescent irritability, worry and depression. In multivariate analyses, substantial proportions of these effects could be explained by their association with adult psychopathology and neuroticism, but additional effects remained for adolescent irritability and worry.ConclusionsFactors of importance for long-term suicidality risk are evident in adolescence. These include family and experiential adversities as well as psychopathology. In particular, markers of adolescent worry and irritability appeared both potent risks and ones with additional effects beyond associations with adult disorder and adult neuroticism.

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Kaess, M., F. Resch e R. Brunner. "FC27-04 - School-based professional screening of risk behaviours in European adolescents - does risk behaviour account for adolescent psychopathology?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo 2011): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73671-9.

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ObjectivesTo develop a school-based screening for adolescent risk behaviour and psychopathology and to investigate the predictive value of different adolescent risk behaviours in terms of suffering from psychopathology that requires mental health care.MethodsA two-stage professional screening was developed and constituted in the randomized-controlled prevention trial “Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). A school-based screening consisting of a self-report screening questionnaire and a semi-structured professional interview in case of being identified as at-risk were performed in a representative sample of almost 2,000 adolescents within the SEYLE sample of about 8,000 students from 7 European countries and Israel.ResultsA very high percentage of students were detected to be at-risk by either showing risk behaviour or psychopathology or both in the first stage of the screening. From these students, only about one third came to the study center and took part in the interview. About half of of the interviewed students reached were referred to mental health care.ConclusionsRisk behaviours are very common among European adolescents and may also have increased during the last years. Nevertheless, most risk behaviours are weak predictors for suffering from psychopathology that requires mental health care compared to psychopathology or suicidal behaviour theirselves. Although they are certainly unhealthy and badly influencing adolescent development risk behaviours seem to be an ubiquitous phenomenon during adolescence and cannot simply be regarded as signs for severe psychopathology.

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Quinlivan, Julie A., Rodney W. Petersen e Lyle C. Gurrin. "Adolescent Pregnancy: Psychopathology Missed". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, n. 6 (dicembre 1999): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00592.x.

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Objectives: Few data exist that explore the level of psychosocial problems and drug abuse in an Australian, adolescent, antenatal population. We set out to audit these data from a population of pregnant Western Australian adolescents. We also set out to examine whether social issues and the use of non-prescription drugs are routinely addressed in general public antenatal clinics. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients were involved in the prospective cohort study. In the assessed group, 100 consecutive patients from the King Edward Memorial Hospital Adolescent Antenatal Clinic were interviewed during the antenatal period to determine if any major psychosocial issues or a history of non-prescription drug abuse was present. The control group consisted of 60 adolescent patients who delivered in general antenatal clinics at three Perth metropolitan hospitals. Results: Sixty percent of the assessed group were identified as having a major psychosocial problem that interfered with their ability to carry out acts of daily living. Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, heroin and solvents were higher than that reported for the general Australian adolescent population. Of note, in the control group, many patients did not have a social, psychological, or drug use history taken by their caregivers. Conclusion: Failure to identify psychosocial problems and drug abuse during the antenatal period will result in missed opportunities for positive intervention. These problems are common in this population and interventions are required to offer these women alternative foundations upon which to base their mothercraft skills.

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Sabih, Fazaila, Anis Ul Haque, Sana Younas e Asia Mushtaq. "Parenting Practices and Behavioral Problems among Adolescents’ of Parents with Psychopathology: Role of Adolescents’ Coping as Moderator”". Technium Social Sciences Journal 5 (7 marzo 2020): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v5i1.207.

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Numerous studies suggest that symptoms of mental illness in parents become reflected in family and parent–child interactions, affecting the nature and quality of caregiving and, in turn, both short- and long-term child outcomes. Given the paucity of research in this area in Pakistan, present study aims to examine differences in parenting practices and behavioral problems among adolescent children of parents with psychopathology and without psychopathology. It also explores moderating role of adolescents’ coping on the relationship between parenting practices and behavioral problems. Sample included 348 parents and their adolescent children divided into two groups: Parents with Psychopathology and without Psychopathology. Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, Youth Self Report, and Brief COPE were used for data collection. Results indicated that adolescent children having parents with psychopathology have elevated levels of behavioral problems as compared to adolescent children of parents without psychopathology. Results of moderation analyses revealed that problem-focused coping, positive coping, and religious coping mitigated the potential impact of negative parenting practices on externalizing problems whereas denial exacerbated this relationship. The implications are discussed for implementation of effective preventive interventions with at risk families and children.

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Leung, Janet T. Y. "Concerted Cultivation and Adolescent Psychopathology over Time-Mediation of Parent-Child Conflict". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 24 (8 dicembre 2020): 9173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249173.

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Background: Concerted cultivation is a parenting strategy that parents nurture their children intensively by involving heavily in their children’s academic sphere as well as offering them different structured “enrichment” activities so that their children can succeed in the future competitive “rug rat race”. While this parenting strategy has been regarded as an effective strategy to promote child and adolescent development, it is deemed to create stress and anxiety for their children. The present study examined the relationship between concerted cultivation and adolescent psychopathology (indexed by depression and anxiety) via parent–child conflict among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong over time. Method: A sample of 1570 young adolescents (48.5% girls, mean age at time 1 = 12.6, SD = 0.76) were recruited from 19 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Adolescents were invited to fill out a questionnaire that contained measures of concerted cultivation, parent–child conflict, anxiety and depression in two consecutive years. Results: Results from structural equation modeling showed that higher levels of paternal concerted cultivation were associated with higher levels of adolescent psychopathology via increased father–child conflict over time. However, maternal concerted cultivation was linked to greater mother–child conflict but reduced father-child conflict, which was associated with adolescent psychopathology. Discussion: Rather than regarding concerted cultivation as an effective parenting strategy that promotes adolescent development, the findings indicated that concerted cultivation increased adolescent psychopathology via increased parent–child conflict. The study sheds new light for family practitioners and educators in their awareness of the adverse effects of concerted cultivation and designing appropriate parent education programs for parents.

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Raffagnato, Alessia, Caterina Angelico, Rachele Fasolato, Eleonora Sale, Michela Gatta e Marina Miscioscia. "Parental Bonding and Children’s Psychopathology: A Transgenerational View Point". Children 8, n. 11 (5 novembre 2021): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8111012.

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Literature confirmed parental bonding as one of key factors influencing offspring’s psychopathology; the present study aimed to investigate, with a case-control study, the relationship between parental bonding and psychopathology in an Italian adolescent sample. The clinical sample was composed of 64 adolescents from 12 to 18 years old (Mage 15.00; S.D. 1.70) attending a Neuropsychiatric Unit of Veneto; the non-clinical sample was composed of 61 adolescents, from 13 to 18 years old (Mage 14.80; S.D. 1.32) attending middle and high school in the province of Padua and Pesaro (Italy); their parents (mothers and fathers) were also involved. In the study, self-reported tests were administered (Parental Bonding Instrument, Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report). Our study confirmed a correlation between parental bonding and adolescent psychopathology: dysfunctional parenting styles (characterized by low care and high control) were more frequent among cases in contrast to controls. An effect of gender also appeared. In the Italian adolescent clinical sample, parental bonding, especially low parental care, was correlated to the emergence of psychopathology.

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Owens, Elizabeth B., e Stephen P. Hinshaw. "Pathways from neurocognitive vulnerability to co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems among women with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder followed prospectively for 16 years". Development and Psychopathology 28, n. 4pt1 (14 ottobre 2016): 1013–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000675.

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AbstractUsing a sample of 228 females with and without childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder followed prospectively across 16 years, we measured childhood neurocognitive vulnerability via executive dysfunction using teacher-reported cognitive and learning problems. We then ascertained relations between dimensionally measured internalizing and externalizing psychopathology during adulthood and showed that childhood neurocognitive vulnerability reliably predicted such associated psychopathology. We identified six serial mediation pathways from childhood neurocognitive vulnerability to adult psychopathology through three early- and late-adolescent domains: individual (self-control and delay of gratification), peer (rejection/conflict and acceptance/friendship), and school (academic performance and school failure). The serial indirect effects occurred for the pathways from childhood neurocognitive vulnerability through early-adolescent academic performance, to late-adolescent school failure, to adult associated psychopathology, and from neurocognitive vulnerability through adolescent self-control and then the ability to delay gratification, to adult psychopathology. Furthermore, these indirect effects, plus two others, were moderated by parental distress during childhood and early adolescence, such that under conditions of high distress, the serial indirect effects were weaker than when parental distress was low. We discuss the potential importance of behavioral self-regulation and educational success for later psychological functioning, especially among girls, as well as implications for ontogenic process models of psychopathology.

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Weissman, David G., Erik C. Nook, Aridenne A. Dews, Adam Bryant Miller, Hilary K. Lambert, Stephanie F. Sasse, Leah H. Somerville e Katie A. McLaughlin. "Low Emotional Awareness as a Transdiagnostic Mechanism Underlying Psychopathology in Adolescence". Clinical Psychological Science 8, n. 6 (22 luglio 2020): 971–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620923649.

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The ability to identify and label one’s emotions is associated with effective emotion regulation, rendering emotional awareness important for mental health. We evaluated how emotional awareness was related to psychopathology and whether low emotional awareness was a transdiagnostic mechanism explaining the increase in psychopathology during the transition to adolescence and as a function of childhood trauma—specifically, violence exposure. In Study 1, children and adolescents ( N = 120, age range = 7–19 years) reported on emotional awareness and psychopathology. Emotional awareness was negatively associated with psychopathology (p-factor) and worsened across age in females but not males. In Study 2 ( N = 262, age range = 8–16 years), we replicated these findings and demonstrated longitudinally that low emotional awareness mediated increases in p-factor as a function of age in females and violence exposure. These findings indicate that low emotional awareness may be a transdiagnostic mechanism linking adolescent development, sex, and trauma with the emergence of psychopathology.

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Laceulle, Odilia M., René Veenstra, Wilma A. M. Vollebergh e Johan Ormel. "Sequences of maladaptation: Preadolescent self-regulation, adolescent negative social interactions, and young adult psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 31, n. 1 (12 dicembre 2017): 279–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579417001808.

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AbstractThis study aims to test whether adolescent negative social interactions mediate the relation between early adolescent self-regulatory capacities and young adult psychopathology, using a fully prospective mediation model. Data were derived from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey, a large population cohort of Dutch adolescents (n= 962). At age 11, three indicators of self-regulation were assessed: low frustration, high effortful control, and high response inhibition. Negative social interactions between ages 11 and 22 were captured twice using the Event History Calendar. Psychopathology (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems) was assessed at ages 11 and 22. Findings indicate that adolescents’ frustration and effortful control but not response inhibition assessed at age 11 are related to both internalizing and externalizing problems at age 22, after controlling for psychopathology at age 11, sex, and socioeconomic status. These associations were partly (about 22%) mediated by the negative social interactions adolescents experienced. Effect sizes were all modest. This study shows that self-regulation is related to subsequent psychopathology in part through its effect on negative social interactions, providing evidence for sequences of self-regulatory capacities, life experiences, and developmental outcomes.

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Goldman, Jacquelin. "Child and Adolescent Psychopathology". Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 30, n. 4 (aprile 1985): 301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/023718.

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Walker, Elaine F. "Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Psychopathology". Current Directions in Psychological Science 11, n. 1 (febbraio 2002): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.00161.

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Harper, R. Andrew. "Adolescent Development and Psychopathology". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 40, n. 11 (novembre 2001): 1349–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200111000-00018.

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Rosenstein, Diana S., e Harvey A. Horowitz. "Adolescent attachment and psychopathology." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64, n. 2 (1996): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.64.2.244.

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Lewis, Jerry M. "Delinquency and Adolescent Psychopathology". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 173, n. 2 (febbraio 1985): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198502000-00016.

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Marmorstein, NR, WG Iacono e CN Markey. "Parental Psychopathology and Migraine Headaches among Adolescent Girls". Cephalalgia 29, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2982.2008.01698.x.

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Migraine headaches and depression often co-occur within individuals, and both syndromes run in families. However, knowledge about how these disorders relate across generations, as well as how migraine relates to other forms of psychopathology, is sparse. This study examined risk for migraine among female adolescent offspring of parents with different types of psychopathology. The sample was drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a community-based study of adolescents and their families ( n = 674, 17-year-old female adolescents and their biological parents). Diagnoses of maternal, paternal and offspring major depression, antisocial behaviour, alcohol dependence and drug dependence were based on structured interviews. Migraine headaches in each family member were assessed via interviews with the mother. Parental depression, antisocial behaviour and drug dependence were associated with offspring migraine. These associations mostly remained significant even when parental migraine and the corresponding type of psychopathology in offspring were adjusted for. In contrast, there were no significant associations between parental psychopathology and offspring stomach problems, indicating that these associations did not extend to all offspring somatic symptoms. These results emphasize the need to look at antisocial behaviour and substance-related problems when examining associations between migraine and psychopathology, and indicate that more research on inter-generational links between migraine and psychopathology is needed.

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Feiring, Candice, e Michael Lewis. "Finality in the eye of the beholder: Multiple sources, multiple time points, multiple paths". Development and Psychopathology 8, n. 4 (1996): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007380.

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AbstractThis study explores the coherence between different raters of adolescent psychopathology and examines the coherence of these ratings with earlier and later events associated with the development of psychopathology. In particular, teachers', mothers', and adolescents' ratings of the 13-year-old adolescents are examined. Additionally, the earlier factors of attachment status, environmental stress, and the friendship network are related to the different ratings. Both earlier factors and rater judgments are used to examine subsequent use of psychotherapy. The results show little coherence between raters on the presence of psychopathology in 13-year-olds and little coherence between earlier events and subsequent raters' judgments of psychopathology. However, earlier stress events and teachers' ratings of 13-year-olds' psychopathology are related to subsequent therapy use.

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Stroud, Laura R., Elizabeth Foster, George D. Papandonatos, Kathryn Handwerger, Douglas A. Granger, Katie T. Kivlighan e Raymond Niaura. "Stress response and the adolescent transition: Performance versus peer rejection stressors". Development and Psychopathology 21, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000042.

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AbstractLittle is known about normative variation in stress response over the adolescent transition. This study examined neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses to performance and peer rejection stressors over the adolescent transition in a normative sample. Participants were 82 healthy children (ages 7–12 years, n = 39, 22 females) and adolescents (ages 13–17, n = 43, 20 females) recruited through community postings. Following a habituation session, participants completed a performance (public speaking, mental arithmetic, mirror tracing) or peer rejection (exclusion challenges) stress session. Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase (sAA), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), and heart rate were measured throughout. Adolescents showed significantly greater cortisol, sAA, SBP, and DBP stress response relative to children. Developmental differences were most pronounced in the performance stress session for cortisol and DBP and in the peer rejection session for sAA and SBP. Heightened physiological stress responses in typical adolescents may facilitate adaptation to new challenges of adolescence and adulthood. In high-risk adolescents, this normative shift may tip the balance toward stress response dysregulation associated with depression and other psychopathology. Specificity of physiological response by stressor type highlights the importance of a multisystem approach to the psychobiology of stress and may also have implications for understanding trajectories to psychopathology.

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Washburn, Isaac J., e Deborah M. Capaldi. "Heterogeneity in men's marijuana use in the 20s: Adolescent antecedents and consequences in the 30s". Development and Psychopathology 27, n. 1 (14 luglio 2014): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000686.

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AbstractAdolescent psychopathology is commonly connected to marijuana use. How changes in these adolescent antecedents and in adolescent marijuana use are connected to patterns of marijuana use in the 20s is little understood. Another issue not clearly understood is psychopathology in the 30s as predicted by marijuana use in the 20s. This study sought to examine these two issues and the associations with marijuana disorder diagnoses using a longitudinal data set of 205 men with essentially annual reports. Individual psychopathology and family characteristics from the men's adolescence were used to predict their patterns of marijuana use across their 20s, and aspects of the men's psychopathology in their mid-30s were predicted from these patterns. Three patterns of marijuana use in the 20s were identified using growth mixture modeling and were associated with diagnoses of marijuana disorders at age 26 years. Parental marijuana use predicted chronic use for the men in adulthood. Patterns of marijuana use in the 20s predicted antisocial behavior and deviant peer association at age 36 years (controlling for adolescent levels of the outcomes by residualization). These findings indicate that differential patterns of marijuana use in early adulthood are associated with psychopathology toward midlife.

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Ohannessian, Christine Mccauley, Victor M. Hesselbrock, John Kramer, Samuel Kuperman, Kathleen K. Bucholz, Marc A. Schuckit e John I. Nurnberger. "The Relationship Between Parental Psychopathology and Adolescent Psychopathology". Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 13, n. 2 (aprile 2005): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10634266050130020101.

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Hyman, Michael R., e Jeremy J. Sierra. "Idolizing sport celebrities: a gateway to psychopathology?" Young Consumers 11, n. 3 (31 agosto 2010): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17473611011074296.

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PurposeSport celebrities often endorse their team, their sport, and non‐sports‐related products. Increased idolizing of sport celebrities by adolescents is one artifact of this promotional practice. Although seemingly innocuous, adolescents who idolize sport celebrities may, as adults, come to worship such celebrities; this unhealthy obsession may afflict 10 percent or more of adults. If adolescent hero worship of sport celebrities is a gateway to this adult psychopathology, then alerting parents, as well as encouraging social responsibility among advertisers and sport teams/leagues, is critical. This paper aims to address the issues.Design/methodology/approachAfter a brief review of the literature on adolescent hero worship, the literature on the determinants and effects of celebrity worship are explored.FindingsOnce parents, advertisers, sport team/leagues are sensitized to the problem, adolescent hero worship of sport celebrities can be mitigated as a likely gateway to many adults' unhealthy obsession with celebrities.Research limitations/implicationsDirections for future sport celebrity worship research are suggested.Practical implicationsThe incidence of a potentially psychologically damaging affliction can be reduced without harm to advertisers, sport teams/leagues, and athletes.Social implicationsWays to reduce promotion‐induced sport celebrity worship – without eliminating sport promotion per se – are suggested. Recommendations are targeted for sport‐related and non‐sport‐related products as well as teams and leagues/conferences.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to suggest a link between adolescent hero worship of sport celebrities and psychologically dangerous celebrity worship by adults.

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Dakanalis, Antonios, Alix C. Timko, Massimo Clerici, Giuseppe Riva e Giuseppe Carrà. "Objectified Body Consciousness (OBC) in Eating Psychopathology". Assessment 24, n. 2 (28 luglio 2016): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115602553.

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Objectified body consciousness (OBC) appears to play a crucial role in eating and body-related disturbances, which typically emerge during adolescence. The 24-item OBC Scale (OBCS) has been employed in eating disorder (ED) research and school-based adolescent samples, but evidence for its psychometric proprieties exists only in adult (nonclinical) populations. We evaluated (a) the construct validity and reliability of the 24-item OBCS with data collected from 1,259 adolescent girls and boys from the community (Study 1) and 643 adolescents of both genders with an ED (Study 2) and (b) whether the instrument functions similarly and equivalently measures the underlying construct(s) across gender and samples (i.e., test of measurement equivalence/invariance; Study 3). Results upheld the three-factor structure and measurement equivalence/invariance of the 24-item OBCS across gender and samples. OBCS subscale scores were internally consistent and stable over a 4-week period. OBCS subscales discriminated community participants with high and low ED symptom levels with fair accuracy, as well as community participants from those with an ED. They were also associated with five constructs closely related to both OBC and ED psychopathology. Latent mean comparisons across samples and gender were performed and discussed. Implications and directions for future research are also outlined.

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Westen, Drew, Lissa Dutra e Jonathan Shedler. "Assessing adolescent personality pathology". British Journal of Psychiatry 186, n. 3 (marzo 2005): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.186.3.227.

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BackgroundPersonality pathology constitutes a major form of psychopathology in adolescents.AimsTo examine the reliability and validity of a Q-sort instrument for assessing adolescent personality pathology designed for clinically experienced informants.MethodA sample of 294 randomly selected psychiatrists and psychologists each provided data on a current patient, aged 14–18 years. Clinicians completed several measures, including the Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure for Adolescents (SWAP–200–A).ResultsFactor analysis identified II dimensions of adolescent personality: psychopathology/malignant narcissism, dysphoria/inhibition, psychological health, histrionic sexualisation, schizotypy, sexual conflict, emotional dysregulation, anxious obsessionality, peer rejection, delinquent behaviour and attentional dysregulation. These correlated in predicted ways with a range of criterion variables, including measures of adaptive functioning, Axis II pathology, the Five Factor Model and the Child Behavior Checklist.ConclusionsThe SWAP–200–A shows promise as an instrument for assessing personality pathology in adolescents. Trait dimensions such as delinquent behaviour and emotional dysregulation may prove useful additions to a classification of personality.

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Brumback, TY, Matthew Worley, Tam T. Nguyen-Louie, Lindsay M. Squeglia, Joanna Jacobus e Susan F. Tapert. "Neural predictors of alcohol use and psychopathology symptoms in adolescents". Development and Psychopathology 28, n. 4pt1 (14 ottobre 2016): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416000766.

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AbstractAdolescence is a period marked by increases in risk taking, sensation seeking, and emotion dysregulation. Neurobiological models of adolescent development propose that lagging development in brain regions associated with affect and behavior control compared to regions associated with reward and emotion processing may underlie these behavioral manifestations. Cross-sectional studies have identified several functional brain networks that may contribute to risk for substance use and psychopathology in adolescents. Determining brain structure measures that prospectively predict substance use and psychopathology could refine our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to these problems, and lead to improved prevention efforts. Participants (N = 265) were healthy substance-naïve adolescents (ages 12–14) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and then were followed annually for up to 13 years. Cortical thickness and surface area measures for three prefrontal regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex) and three cortical regions from identified functional networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and parietal cortex) were used to predict subsequent binge drinking, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms. Thinner dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in early adolescence predicted more binge drinking and externalizing symptoms, respectively, in late adolescence (ps < .05). Having a family history of alcohol use disorder predicted more subsequent binge drinking and externalizing symptoms. Thinner parietal cortex, but not family history, predicted more subsequent internalizing symptoms (p < .05). This study emphasizes the temporal association between maturation of the salience, inhibition, and executive control networks in early adolescence and late adolescent behavior outcomes. Our findings indicate that developmental variations in these brain regions predate behavioral outcomes of substance use and psychopathology, and may therefore serve as prospective biomarkers of vulnerability.

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Rizo Martínez, Lucía Ester, Miguel Ángel Guevara Pérez, Marisela Hernández González e Juan José Sánchez Sosa. "A preliminary study of the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety symptoms in female adolescents maltreatment victims in Mexico". Salud mental 41, n. 3 (24 giugno 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2018.018.

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Introduction. Although child maltreatment is related with psychopathologic symptoms, however their clinical prevalence in the general population and more so in specific groups of age and gender, such as female adolescents, has been scarcely documented. Objective. The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence mental illness symptoms ‒such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety‒ in female adolescent maltreatment victims in Mexico. Method. Fifty-five 12-17-year old female adolescent victims of maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse) recruited from four different Mexican institutions were evaluated through clinical scales for post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety, in addition to clinical interviews. Results. More than half of the participants presented significant scores of psychopathological symptoms in the three scales evaluated. Discussion and conclusion. The high prevalence of psychopathologic symptoms found in this study suggests that female adolescents who had experienced some form of abuse present highed a susceptibility to develop psychopathology. Results are discussed in the context of their relevance as a public health problem and their implications for professional interventions.

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ARICI GÜRBÜZ, Asiye, e Canan KUYGUN KARCI. "Anksiyete Bozukluğu Tanılı Ergenlerin Belirtileri Açısından Ergen-Ebeveyn Uyumu". Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, n. 5 (30 settembre 2022): 710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1148404.

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Aim: Considering the role of the parent in the children and adolescent's access to treatment, it is important that the symptoms are adequately noticed by the parents. In this study, it was aimed to examine the adolescent-parent agreement in terms of symptoms of adolescents with anxiety disorder. Material and Method: 100 adolescents who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with anxiety disorder according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were included in the study. In the study, the sociodemographic form and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) adolescent and parent form were used for data collection. Results: When the parent and adolescent forms of RCADS were compared, the adolescent scores were significantly higher than the parents in all subscales and scale total scores, except for the separation anxiety subscale. The ICC (95% CI) value between the parent and adolescent forms of RCADS ranged from 0.06 to 0.74. Conclusion: In our study, it was found that adolescents scored their symptoms higher than their parents, and the correlation between parent-child reporting was low-moderate. Age, gender, comorbidity, and parental psychopathology were among the factors affecting adolescent-parent agreement.

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Wetzler, Scott, Gregory M. Asnis, Ruth Bernstein, Christie Virtue, James Zimmerman e Jill H. Rathus. "Characteristics of Suicidality Among Adolescents". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 26, n. 1 (marzo 1996): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1996.tb00255.x.

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The identification of high‐risk adolescent suicide attempters in a population of depressed and suicidal adolescents is of crucial importance. This retrospective study examined characteristics of suicidality (recent and lifetime, active and passive) and psychopathology (depression, aggression, impulsivity, stressful life events, SCL‐90 dimensions) among four groups of depressed adolescent outpatients: (1) suicide attempters who required medical treatment (n = 84), (2) suicide attempters who did not require medical treatment (n = 57), (3) suicidal ideators who had never made a suicide attempt (n = 40), and (4) nonsuicidal patients (n = 44). Results indicate that the nonsuicidal group could be differentiated from the three suicidal groups on the basis of suicidality and psychopathology, and that the three suicidal groups could be differentiated from one another on the basis of suicidality but not psychopathology. These findings are discussed in terms of the usefulness of certain self‐report measures of suicidality for identifying suicidal adolescents and for differentiating among them. Furthermore, the findings suggest that psychopathological factors do not determine which suicidal adolescents make a medically dangerous suicide attempt and which do not.

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Luciana, Monica. "Adolescent brain development in normality and psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 25, n. 4pt2 (novembre 2013): 1325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000643.

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AbstractSince this journal's inception, the field of adolescent brain development has flourished, as researchers have investigated the underpinnings of adolescent risk-taking behaviors. Explanations based on translational models initially attributed such behaviors to executive control deficiencies and poor frontal lobe function. This conclusion was bolstered by evidence that the prefrontal cortex and its interconnections are among the last brain regions to structurally and functionally mature. As substantial heterogeneity of prefrontal function was revealed, applications of neuroeconomic theory to adolescent development led to dual systems models of behavior. Current epidemiological trends, behavioral observations, and functional magnetic resonance imaging based brain activity patterns suggest a quadratic increase in limbically mediated incentive motivation from childhood to adolescence and a decline thereafter. This elevation occurs in the context of immature prefrontal function, so motivational strivings may be difficult to regulate. Theoretical models explain this patterning through brain-based accounts of subcortical–cortical integration, puberty-based models of adolescent sensation seeking, and neurochemical dynamics. Empirically sound tests of these mechanisms, as well as investigations of biology–context interactions, represent the field's most challenging future goals, so that applications to psychopathology can be refined and so that developmental cascades that incorporate neurobiological variables can be modeled.

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Dr. Amruta Bhuskute. "Adolescent Well Being: Positive Vs Autocratic School Culture". Social Science Journal for Advanced Research 4, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54741/ssjar.4.1.1.

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Reinforcing positive characteristics and minimizing individual weaknesses is what practice of Positive Psychology should be aimed at. In this study, an investigator has analyzed the effect of Indian Values Based-Positive-Encouraging Vs Highly Disciplined-Autocratic School Culture on Adolescent Psychopathology. Randomly selected 220 adolescent (Boys & Girls) students (Mean Age = 14.2 years) from two Day-Boarding Schools of Nagpur, Maharashtra were assigned to Between Group Design. They were administered Adolescent Psychopathology Scale (short form) by Dr. William Rynolds which consist of 12 clinical scales focused on DSM-IV symptomatology. Data collected was analyzed to find out the major areas of psychopathology in adolescents belonging to different type of school cultures. It has been found that adolescent students from Highly Disciplined-Autocratic School Culture are significantly higher on Conduct Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Eating Disorder, Depression, Interpersonal Problems and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. These results indicate towards the need of cultivating positive culture at Institutional level and inculcating Human Strengths and Virtues in upcoming generation for better prospects. Investigator believes that this study suggests insightful ways of developing and practicing competent avenues to fulfill the basic endeavor of Education.

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Krull, K. R., S. Huang, M. M. Hudson, J. G. Gurney, D. K. Srivastava, J. Klosky, K. K. Ness, W. Leisenring, A. Termuhlen e L. L. Robison. "Adolescent psychopathology and adult health behaviors in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: Findings from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study". Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, n. 15_suppl (20 maggio 2009): 10027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.10027.

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10027 Background: Psychological problems have been identified as important risk factors for poor health behavior in a variety of noncancer populations. We report the association between adolescent psychopathology and future health behaviors in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: Study participants included 1,656 survivors of childhood cancer (50.8% female); 12 - 17 years old and ≥ 5 years post diagnosis at baseline assessment and 18 - 27 years of age at study follow-up. Parents provided medication information and ratings of psychopathology for adolescents at baseline, including symptoms of depression/anxiety, social withdrawal, inattention, and oppositional and antisocial behavior. Survivor self-report of health behavior was collected 6 - 10 years post baseline. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated comparing those with psychopathology to those without on outcomes of obesity, physical activity, smoking, and sunscreen use. Estimates were adjusted for cancer diagnosis, cancer therapy, sex, age, and history of special education. Results: Adult obesity was associated with adolescent social withdrawal (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1) and adolescent use of stimulant medications (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.2). Physical inactivity among adults was also associated with adolescent social withdrawal (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5) and to antidepressant use during adolescence (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.2–8.2). These impacts on obesity and inactivity were above and beyond the risk associated with high body mass index at baseline. Stimulant medication use was associated with decreased likelihood of poor sunscreen use as an adult (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8). Adult smoking was associated with adolescent antisocial behavior (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.2). Conclusions: These results suggest that psychological problems in adolescence predict future health behavior in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Furthermore, psychopharmacologic therapy for such problems may increase risk for certain conditions, and decrease risk for others. Increased psychological screening and medication monitoring is warranted to reduce overall risk of poor outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Walker, Stephen, André Venter, Adriana Van der Walt e KGF Esterhuysen. "Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptomatology and psychiatric comorbidity among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood". South African Journal of Psychiatry 17, n. 1 (1 marzo 2011): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v17i1.261.

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Objectives: Given the paucity of research on adolescent ADHD, this study aimed to establish the prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD in a cohort of South African adolescents who had been diagnosed with the disorder in childhood. It also aimed to establish the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and adjustment difficulties in this sample. Method: Data regarding age of diagnosis, current ADHD status, current ADHD-related pharmacological management, current psychopathology and current adjustment were gathered from 64 adolescents and their guardians via self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated with regard to current ADHD status, comorbid psychopathology and adjustment difficulties, as well as current ADHD-related medication.Results: According to parent reports, 59.38% of the sample met DSM-IV criteria for ADHD Inattentive subtype, while 37.50% met the criteria for ADHD Hyperactive/Impulsive subtype. Approximately sixty-four percent (64.06%) of the adolescents were still using stimulant medication. Based on the adolescent self-report, 43.75% of the sample reported clinically significant symptoms of psychopathology or maladjustment. Furthermore, 39.28% of the adolescents met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric comorbidity. Conclusion: ADHD did persist into adolescence in the current sample. A significant psychopathological and maladjustment load appears evident amongst adolescents previously diagnosed with ADHD despite continuous pharmacological management of the condition.

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Koenig, Julian, Romuald Brunner, Johannes Michael Schmidt, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch e Michael Kaess. "Psychopathology and Borderline Personality Pathology Associated with Lifetime Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients and Detainees". Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 45, n. 6 (1 novembre 2017): 441–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000549.

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Abstract. Objective: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a widespread phenomenon among adolescent psychiatric inpatients. It is also reported among delinquent adolescents detained in correctional facilities. While previous studies have addressed different functions of SIB within offender populations, here we investigate particular patterns of borderline personality pathology and psychopathology underlying SIB in both adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees. Method: Adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees were recruited consecutively. Participants completed self-reports on SIB, suicidal thoughts and behavior, borderline personality pathology, and general psychopathology. Predictors of lifetime SIB by group were analyzed. Results: Psychiatric inpatients (n = 77) and detainees (n = 50) did not differ with respect to lifetime SIB (57.14 % versus 54.00 %), whereas SIB within the past year did (67.53 % versus 14 %; χ2(1) = 6.158, p = .013). Psychiatric inpatients reported greater emotional problems (t(125) = 5.109, p < .0001) and greater borderline personality pathology. Those with lifetime SIB were characterized by greater emotional problems and borderline personality pathology, independent of their group. Results from regression analyses suggest no group-specific predictors of lifetime SIB. Conclusions: Although psychiatric inpatients endorse greater psychopathological distress, lifetime SIB among adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees is associated with similar patterns of psychopathology and borderline personality pathology.

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Penner, Francesca, e Carla Sharp. "Perceived pubertal timing and borderline personality pathology in female adolescent inpatients". Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 82, n. 2 (giugno 2018): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2018.82.2.157.

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Borderline personality pathology typically onsets during adolescence. An important consideration in understanding adolescent psychopathology is pubertal development. Perceived pubertal timing is one facet of puberty that is especially relevant to adolescent psychopathology, especially when timing is perceived to be early. Despite links between early pubertal timing and core features of borderline personality disorder, and between early pubertal timing and disruptions in the interpersonal context, perceived pubertal timing has yet to be studied in relation to adolescent borderline pathology. This preliminary study aimed to test the association between perceived pubertal timing and borderline symptoms in adolescent girls, controlling for internalizing and externalizing pathology. Forty-two female adolescent inpatients (ages 12–15, Mage = 14.02, 81% White) completed measures of perceived pubertal development and borderline symptoms and a diagnostic interview. Results indicated that earlier perceived pubertal timing was uniquely associated with higher borderline symptoms even when internalizing and externalizing disorders were covaried.

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Gonzales, Nancy A., George P. Knight, Heather J. Gunn, Jenn-Yun Tein, Rika Tanaka e Rebecca M. B. White. "Intergenerational gaps in Mexican American values trajectories: Associations with parent–adolescent conflict and adolescent psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 30, n. 5 (19 novembre 2018): 1611–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001256.

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AbstractGrowth mixture modeling with a sample of 749 Mexican heritage families identified parallel trajectories of adolescents’ and their mothers’ heritage cultural values and parallel trajectories of adolescents’ and their fathers’ heritage cultural values from Grades 5 to 10. Parallel trajectory profiles were then used to test cultural gap-distress theory that predicts increased parent–adolescent conflict and adolescent psychopathology over time when adolescents become less aligned with Mexican heritage values compared to their parents. Six similar parallel profiles were identified for the mother–youth and father–youth dyads, but only one of the six was consistent with the hypothesized problem gap pattern in which adolescents’ values were declining over time to become more discrepant from their parents. When compared to families in the other trajectory groups as a whole, mothers in the mother–adolescent problem gap trajectory group reported higher levels of mother–adolescent conflict in the 10th grade that accounted for subsequent increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms assessed in 12th grade. Although the findings provided some support for cultural gap-distress predictions, they were not replicated with adolescent report of conflict nor with the father–adolescent trajectory group analyses. Exploratory pairwise comparisons between all six mother–adolescent trajectory groups revealed additional differences that qualified and extended these findings.

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O'CONNOR, THOMAS G., E. MAVIS HETHERINGTON e DAVID REISS. "Family systems and adolescent development: Shared and nonshared risk and protective factors in nondivorced and remarried families". Development and Psychopathology 10, n. 2 (giugno 1998): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001643.

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The primary goal of this research is to increase the goodness-of-fit between the theoretical tenets of family systems theory and quantitative methods used to test systems hypotheses. A family systems perspective is applied to two specific research questions concerning family influences on adolescent development: To what extent are familial risk and protective factors for psychopathology and competence shared or not shared by siblings and are different family relationship patterns associated with optimal adolescent adjustment in nondivorced and remarried families? Multirater and multimethod data from a national sample of 516 nondivorced and remarried families from the Nonshared Environment and Adolescent Development (NEAD) project were examined using a combination of cluster, factor, and regression analyses. Results indicated that the effects of an individual relationship on adolescent adjustment is moderated by the larger network of relationships in which it is embedded. Evidence for nonshared familial processes in predicting adolescent psychopathology was also found but only in a subset of families, and the mechanisms of influence were neither main effects nor linear, as has been assumed by research to date. Results are discussed in light of family systems models of relationship influences on development. These results illustrate how family systems theory provides a specific example of contextualism as regards the development of psychopathology in adolescence.

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Siomos, K., G. Floros, E. Makris, G. Christou e M. Hadjulis. "Internet addiction and psychopathology in a community before and during an economic crisis". Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 23, n. 3 (20 agosto 2013): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796013000437.

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Background.Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is a novel concept under scrutiny for a definite inclusion in the psychiatric taxonomy, after showing correlations with overt expressions of psychopathology. This study aims to assist the scientific dialogue concerning IAD while presenting comparative data on adolescent psychopathology before and during a major economic crisis that has affected Greece from 2010 onwards.Methods.This is a cross-sectional study of a high school student population, aged 12–18, on IAD which follows-up a 2006 survey, and is carried out 5 years later at the same school classes. A comparison on psychopathological symptoms between the two samples is carried out to confirm any underlying correlations with IAD while providing some first insight on any effects of the economic crisis on adolescent psyche.Results.Results indicate that Internet addiction is increased in this population paralleling the increase in Internet availability at home. Adolescents affected with IAD present with more psychopathological symptoms. A comparison between the 2006 and 2011 samples reveals lower rates of general psychopathology but similar burden of reported symptoms.Conclusions.Those findings are discussed in the framework of adolescent coping to adversity, individual reactions to major crises, as well as the general debate regarding the value of IAD as a distinct diagnosis. The effects of the economic crisis may have triggered an adaptive response in the adolescent population although IAD as a distinct nosological entity is clearly linked to more symptoms of overt psychopathology. Directions are offered for further research in countries affected by crises.

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Theodoratos, Oreste, Lyn McPherson, Catherine Franklin, Bruce Tonge, Stewart Einfeld, Nicholas Lennox e Robert S. Ware. "Psychopathology of adolescents with an intellectual disability who present to general hospital services". Australasian Psychiatry 25, n. 5 (2 maggio 2017): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217706820.

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Objective: Adolescents with intellectual disability have increased rates of psychopathology compared with their typically developing peers and present to hospital more frequently for ambulant conditions. The aim of this study is to describe the psychopathology and related characteristics of a sample of adolescents with intellectual disability who presented to general hospital services. Method: We investigated a cohort of adolescents with intellectual disability in South East Queensland, Australia between January 2006 and June 2010. Demographic and clinical data were obtained via mailed questionnaires and from general practice notes. Psychopathology was measured with the Short Form of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist. Results: Of 98 individuals presenting to hospital, 71 (72.5%) had significant levels of psychopathology. Unknown aetiology for the intellectual disability was associated with presence of problem behaviours. Adolescents with more severe intellectual disability were more likely to have major problem behaviours. Co-morbid physical health issues were not associated with psychopathology. Only 12 (12.1%) adolescents had undergone specialized mental health intervention. Conclusions: The general hospital environment may offer opportunities for liaison psychiatry services to screen and provide management expertise for adolescent individuals with intellectual disability presenting for physical health issues.

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Miller, Jill M. "Adolescent Development, Psychopathology, and Treatment". Psychoanalytic Quarterly 67, n. 4 (ottobre 1998): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00332828.1998.12006074.

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Almqvist, F. "Sex differences in adolescent psychopathology". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 73, n. 3 (marzo 1986): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb02688.x.

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Pratt, Helen D. "Adolescent Development; Psychopathology and Treatment". Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 17, n. 5 (ottobre 1996): 362–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199610000-00017.

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Blos, Peter. "Adolescent Development, Psychopathology, and Treatment". Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 46, n. 1 (febbraio 1998): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000306519804600127.

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Work, Henry H. "Adolescent Development, Psychopathology, and Treatment". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, n. 11 (novembre 1997): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199711000-00033.

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Chang, Hsueh-Ling, e Hung-Yi Chuang. "Adolescent hyperactivity and general psychopathology". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 54, n. 2 (aprile 2000): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00649.x.

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Work, Henry H. "Adolescent Development, Psychopathology, and Treatment". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, n. 11 (novembre 1997): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-8567(09)66580-1.

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Beidel, Deborah C., Samuel M. Turner, Brennan J. Young, Robert T. Ammerman, Floyd R. Sallee e Lori Crosby. "Psychopathology of Adolescent Social Phobia". Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 29, n. 1 (1 luglio 2006): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-006-9021-1.

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VOLKMAR, FRED R. "Adolescent Development, Psychopathology, and Treatment". American Journal of Psychiatry 155, n. 6 (1 giugno 1998): 852a—853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.155.6.852a.

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Carragher, N., M. Teesson, M. Sunderland, N. C. Newton, R. F. Krueger, P. J. Conrod, E. L. Barrett, K. E. Champion, N. K. Nair e T. Slade. "The structure of adolescent psychopathology: a symptom-level analysis". Psychological Medicine 46, n. 5 (1 dicembre 2015): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715002470.

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BackgroundMost empirical studies into the covariance structure of psychopathology have been confined to adults. This work is not developmentally informed as the meaning, age-of-onset, persistence and expression of disorders differ across the lifespan. This study investigates the underlying structure of adolescent psychopathology and associations between the psychopathological dimensions and sex and personality risk profiles for substance misuse and mental health problems.MethodThis study analyzed data from 2175 adolescents aged 13.3 years. Five dimensional models were tested using confirmatory factor analysis and the external validity was examined using a multiple-indicators multiple-causes model.ResultsA modified bifactor model, with three correlated specific factors (internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder) and one general psychopathology factor, provided the best fit to the data. Females reported higher mean levels of internalizing, and males reported higher mean levels of externalizing. No significant sex differences emerged in liability to thought disorder or general psychopathology. Liability to internalizing, externalizing, thought disorder and general psychopathology was characterized by a number of differences in personality profiles.ConclusionsThis study is the first to identify a bifactor model including a specific thought disorder factor. The findings highlight the utility of transdiagnostic treatment approaches and the importance of restructuring psychopathology in an empirically based manner.

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Keyes, Margaret A., William G. Iacono e Matt McGue. "Early Onset Problem Behavior, Young Adult Psychopathology, and Contextual Risk". Twin Research and Human Genetics 10, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2007): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.10.1.45.

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AbstractA prospective study of 692 male twins was undertaken to investigate the relationships among early adolescent problem behavior, contextual risk, and disinhibitory psychopathology. Early adolescent problem behavior was assessed by the number of the following behaviors engaged in by the time of the age-14 assessment: (1) tobacco use, (2) alcohol use, (3) marijuana use, (4) other illicit drug use, (5) sexual intercourse, and (6) police contact. Contextual risk was assessed as a composite of measures of peer models, parent-offspring conflict, and academic engagement from the age-14 assessment. Disinhibitory psychopathology was assessed by symptoms of nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and adult antisocial behavior at the age-18 assessment. Early adolescent problem behavior and contextual risk were strongly correlated (r = .53) and both were strongly and independently associated with symptoms of disinhibitory psychopathology (r from .35 to .60). The association of early adolescent problem behavior with both contextual risk and disinhibitory psychopathology was mediated entirely by genetic factors while the association between contextual risk and disinhibitory psychopathology was mediated by both genetic and nonshared environmental factors. The results are discussed in the context of emerging research on the prognostic significance of early adolescent problem behavior for risk of adult psychopathology.

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Marceau, Kristine, Carolyn Zahn-Waxler, Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff, Jane E. Schreiber, Paul Hastings e Bonnie Klimes-Dougan. "Adolescents’, mothers’, and fathers’ gendered coping strategies during conflict: Youth and parent influences on conflict resolution and psychopathology". Development and Psychopathology 27, n. 4pt1 (6 ottobre 2015): 1025–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000668.

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AbstractWe observed gendered coping strategies and conflict resolution outcomes used by adolescents and parents during a conflict discussion task to evaluate associations with current and later adolescent psychopathology. We studied 137 middle- to upper-middle-class, predominantly Caucasian families of adolescents (aged 11–16 years, 65 males) who represented a range of psychological functioning, including normative, subclinical, and clinical levels of problems. Adolescent coping strategies played key roles both in the extent to which parent–adolescent dyads resolved conflict and in the trajectory of psychopathology symptom severity over a 2-year period. Gender-prototypic adaptive coping strategies were observed in parents but not youth, (i.e., more problem solving by fathers than mothers and more regulated emotion-focused coping by mothers than fathers). Youth–mother dyads more often achieved full resolution of conflict than youth–father dyads. There were generally not bidirectional effects among youth and parents’ coping across the discussion except boys’ initial use of angry/hostile coping predicted fathers’ angry/hostile coping. The child was more influential than the parent on conflict resolution. This extended to exacerbation/alleviation of psychopathology over 2 years: higher conflict resolution mediated the association of adolescents’ use of problem-focused coping with decreases in symptom severity over time. Lower conflict resolution mediated the association of adolescents’ use of angry/hostile emotion coping with increases in symptom severity over time. Implications of findings are considered within a broadened context of the nature of coping and conflict resolution in youth–parent interactions, as well as on how these processes impact youth well-being and dysfunction over time.

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Compas, Bruce E., Pamela G. Orosan e Kathryn E. Grant. "Adolescent stress and coping: implications for psychopathology during adolescence". Journal of Adolescence 16, n. 3 (settembre 1993): 331–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1993.1028.

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Marmorstein, N. R., W. G. Iacono e M. McGue. "Alcohol and illicit drug dependence among parents: associations with offspring externalizing disorders". Psychological Medicine 39, n. 1 (15 aprile 2008): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003085.

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BackgroundPrevious research indicates that alcohol and drug dependence constitute aspects of a general vulnerability to externalizing disorders that accounts for much of the parent-offspring resemblance for these and related disorders. This study examined how adolescent offspring risk for externalizing psychopathology varies with respect to parental alcoholism and illicit drug dependence.MethodData from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a community-based investigation of adolescents (age 17 years, n=1252) and their parents, were used. Lifetime diagnoses of alcohol and drug dependence (among both parents and offspring) and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, adult antisocial behavior, and nicotine dependence were assessed via structured interviews.ResultsParental alcohol dependence and parental drug dependence were similarly associated with increased risk for nearly all offspring disorders, with offspring of alcohol and drug-dependent parents having approximately 2–3 times the odds for developing a disorder by late adolescence compared to low-risk offspring. Compared to parental dependence on other illicit drugs, parental cannabis dependence was associated with weaker increased risk for offspring externalizing disorders.ConclusionsBoth parental alcohol and drug dependence are independently associated with an increased risk for a broad range of externalizing psychopathology among late-adolescent offspring.

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