Tesi sul tema "Acides ribonucléiques"
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Sibler-Gillig, Marie-Odile. "Rôle des nucléosides modifiés dans les acides ribonucléiques de transfert". Strasbourg 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985STR10482.
Glasser, Anne-Lise. "Contribution à l'étude des relations structures-fonctions des acides ribonucléiques de transfert de cellules eucaryotes : analyse, identification et rôle de nouveaux nucléosides hypermodifiés". Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS019.
Boisbouvier, Jérôme. "Utilisation de la corrélation croisée CSA-Dipolaire pour l'étude RMN des acides ribonucléiques : détermination simultanée de la structure des protéines et de la topologie des ponts disulfures par modélisation moléculaire sous contraintes RMN". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10062.
Gosset-Erard, Clarisse. "Développement méthodologique en CE-FTICR-MS pour l'étude de biomolécules à visée thérapeutique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0219.
Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged in recent years as benchmark method for the characterization of biomolecules. The development of new analyzers with ultra-high resolution and high mass accuracy, such as Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR), has improved the selectivity of the method. To ease the characterization of complex samples, MS can be coupled with separative methods such as capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE is the most powerful electrophoretic method in terms of resolution, efficiency and peak capacity, and is very fast. The CE-MS coupling has been developed for a large number of analytes and allows to obtain an optimal sensitivity of MS thanks to the use of a sheathless interface allowing the use of nanoflow rates. However, in order to combine the separation performances of CE, the high selectivity and sensitivity of the sheathless interface with the ultra-high resolution and the high mass accuracy of FTICR-MS, it is necessary to address the technical challenges related to the intrinsic properties of CE and FTICR such as the speed of separation, high peak efficiency and MS acquisition time. The work presented in this manuscript presents the implementation of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation and its application for the study of biomolecules, and in particular the characterization of post-transcriptional modifications of ribonucleic acids (RNA). A study of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation was first performed using standards, then a first method transfer was performed on biological samples already described in the literature. Various method developments are then presented such as the optimization of the sample preparation, and the development of new bioinformatics tools allowing to go further in the characterization of these modifications and in the complexity of the samples. Finally, the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation as well as the latest method developments were applied on more complex samples, and whose post-transcriptional modifications are not described in the literature. The use of the CE-FTICR-MS hyphenation for the characterization of RNA enabled the identification of an unknown post-transcriptional modification in one of these complex samples that has not been previously studied in the literature
Refour, Philippe. "Bio-puce à ADN thématique de Plasmodium falciparum : mise au point et validation d'une technique de détection de deux radio-isotopes après hybridation différentielle sur lame de verre". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066105.
Vicens, Quentin. "Structures cristallographiques de complexes entre des fragments d'acides ribonucléiques comportant le site A ribosomique et des antibiotiques de la famille des aminoglycosides". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003572.
Vanhoutteghem, Amandine. "Des kératinocytes de poulet à la basonucline 2". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066221.
Bou, Nader Charles. "Structural and Functional characterization of flavoenzymes involved in posttranscriptional modification of tRNA". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066205/document.
Posttranscriptional modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) is a crucial maturation step conserved in all domains of life. During my thesis, I have brought structural and functional insights on flavoenzymes involved in transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications: dihydrouridine synthase (Dus) responsible for dihydrouridine formation using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and TrmFO responsible for C5 methylation of uridine position 54 relying on flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate. To elucidate the chemical mechanism of TrmFO we designed an apoprotein via a single mutation that could be reconstituted in vitro with FAD. Furthermore, we chemically synthesized the postulated intermediate active species consisting of a flavin iminium harboring a methylene moiety on the isoalloxazine N5 that was further characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Reconstitution of TrmFO with this molecule restored in vitro activity on a tRNA transcript proving that TrmFO uses FAD as a methylating agent via a reductive methylation.Dus2 reduces U20 and is comprised of a canonical Dus domain however, mammals have an additional double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). To bring functional insight for this modular organization, we showed that only full length human Dus2 was active while its isolated domains were not. tRNA recognition is driven by the dsRBD via binding the acceptor and TΨ stem of tRNA with higher affinity then dsRNA as evidenced by NMR. We further solved the X-ray structures for both domains showing redistribution of surface positive charges justifying the involvement of this dsRBD for tRNA recognition in mammalian Dus2. This was attributed to a peculiar N-terminal extension proven by mutational analysis and an X-ray structure of dsRBD in complex with 22-nucleotide dsRNA. Altogether our work illustrates how during evolution, Dus2 enzymes acquired an engineered dsRBD for efficient tRNA binding via a ruler mechanism
Bourdet, Agnès. "Recherche de nouveaux acteurs impliqués dans l' inactivation du chromosome X : étude des transcriptomes d' embryons murins précoces mâles et femelles". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077016.
Lecointe, François. "Étude d'enzymes de modification de nucléotides des ARNt et de leurs fonctions dans le métabolisme cellulaire chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066218.
Dulac, Cyprien Benoît. "La protéine HEXIM1 : un régulateur du facteur positif d' élongation de la transcription P-TEFb". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066025.
Palancade, Benoît. "Propriétés de l'ARN polymérase II et de sa phosphatase FCP1 dans l'embryon précoce de Xénope". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066284.
Nouri, Sirine. "Development of new NMR methods to study miRNA dynamics". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10006.
Non-coding RNAs have appeared in the last decades as central elements of numerous biological processes and understanding how they can perform their function is essential both at the fundamental level and in the perspective of potential applications. Solution- state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) methods are a unique way to characterize the structure and dynamics of RNAs and thus shed light on their intrinsic plasticity. This thesis focuses on the development of novel methodologies to describe complex dynamics occurring in RNA with a particular focus on the let-7 micro RNA precursor an interesting system as the deregulation of let-7 can perturb cell development and differentiation and lead to the development of cell-based diseases such as cancer. Due to its size and the flexibility inherent to large RNA loop, the study of the let-7 miRNA precursor remains at the forefront of biological NMR. This work addresses the implementation of an enzymatic production protocol of high concentrated and very pure RNA sample for NMR spectroscopy and the development of new strategies for resonance assignment of RNAs with large non-helical dynamic elements. These methods are used to investigate the structure and dynamics of the let-7 micro RNA precursor. A combination of Small-Angle X-Ray scattering and NMR spectroscopy experimental data (Residual Dipolar Couplings either externally or field-induced) were measured. These experimental data are used in an ensemble optimization method to selectively refine models generated by extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. The selected ensemble is in good agreement with the NMR experimental data. From the structural analysis of the selected ensemble and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer experiments, we propose a hypothesis that correlates fast and slow exchange processes happening in the non-helical region of the RNA with its ability to interact with regulatory proteins
Bou, Nader Charles. "Structural and Functional characterization of flavoenzymes involved in posttranscriptional modification of tRNA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066205.
Posttranscriptional modification of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) is a crucial maturation step conserved in all domains of life. During my thesis, I have brought structural and functional insights on flavoenzymes involved in transfer RNA (tRNA) modifications: dihydrouridine synthase (Dus) responsible for dihydrouridine formation using flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and TrmFO responsible for C5 methylation of uridine position 54 relying on flavin adenosine dinucleotide (FAD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate. To elucidate the chemical mechanism of TrmFO we designed an apoprotein via a single mutation that could be reconstituted in vitro with FAD. Furthermore, we chemically synthesized the postulated intermediate active species consisting of a flavin iminium harboring a methylene moiety on the isoalloxazine N5 that was further characterized by mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. Reconstitution of TrmFO with this molecule restored in vitro activity on a tRNA transcript proving that TrmFO uses FAD as a methylating agent via a reductive methylation.Dus2 reduces U20 and is comprised of a canonical Dus domain however, mammals have an additional double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD). To bring functional insight for this modular organization, we showed that only full length human Dus2 was active while its isolated domains were not. tRNA recognition is driven by the dsRBD via binding the acceptor and TΨ stem of tRNA with higher affinity then dsRNA as evidenced by NMR. We further solved the X-ray structures for both domains showing redistribution of surface positive charges justifying the involvement of this dsRBD for tRNA recognition in mammalian Dus2. This was attributed to a peculiar N-terminal extension proven by mutational analysis and an X-ray structure of dsRBD in complex with 22-nucleotide dsRNA. Altogether our work illustrates how during evolution, Dus2 enzymes acquired an engineered dsRBD for efficient tRNA binding via a ruler mechanism
Santini, Guillaume. "Vers la prédiction de la structure tridimensionnelle des épingles à cheveux d' ADN et d' ARN comportant un appariement dans la boucle à partir de la théorie de l'élasticité et de la mécanique moléculaire". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066355.
Barrandon, Charlotte. "L' échange dynamique de l'ARN 7SK entre le facteur de transcription P-TEFb et les hnRNP". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066181.
Boudet, Nathalie. "Analyse de l'évolution du génome d'Arabidopsis thaliana par l'étude de familles de gènes". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077033.
Drapeau, Mathieu. "Recherche de motifs structuraux dans les complexes acides ribonucléiques/protéines". Thèse, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14507.
Simard, Anne-Marie. "Stabilité de l’acide ribonucléique pour la datation des fluides corporels en biologie judiciaire". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5887.
Recent studies in forensic science have shown a possible correlation between the degradation rate of some RNA transcripts and the age of bloodstains. The time of deposition of a stain can be of major importance to determine the relevance of a sample in a forensic investigation. In this thesis, we describe the degradation profiles of the 18S ribosomal RNA and the β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and cyclophilin A mRNAs, measured by RT-qPCR and obtained from dried blood, semen and saliva stains stored at room temperature or frozen at -80°C up to 6 months. Our results showed low inter-individual variation for blood and semen stains, but a high variation was observed between donors for saliva. Moreover, degradation profile of each transcripts was similar, but differed between fluids. Freezing samples prevented RNA degradation over time. Finally, RNA quantity was in relation with the time of storage and could be used to estimate the time since deposition of a stain when the effects of various storage conditions on RNA degradation profiles will be better documented.
Projet de recherche réalisé en collaboration avec la section Biologie/ADN du Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale (LSJML) de Montréal.
Parisien, Marc. "A new paradigm for the folding of ribonucleic acids". Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3695.
Recent findings show the important role of ribonucleic acid (RNA) within the cell, be it the control of gene expression, the regulation of several homeostatic processes, in addition to the transcription and translation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into protein. If we wish to understand how the cell works, we first need to understand its components and how they interact, and in particular for RNA. The function of a molecule is tributary of its three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, experimental determination of RNA 3D structures imparts great costs. Current methods for RNA structure prediction by computers only take into account the classical or canonical base pairs, similar to those found in the well-celebrated DNA double helix. Here, we improved RNA structure prediction by taking into account all possible types of base pairs, even those said non-canonicals. This is made possible in the context of a new paradigm for the folding of RNA, based on nucleotide cyclic motifs (NCM): basic blocks for the construction of RNA. Furthermore, we have developed new metrics to quantify the precision of RNA 3D structure prediction methods, given the recent introduction of many of those methods. Finally, we have evaluated the predictive power of the latest low-resolution RNA structure probing techniques.