Articoli di riviste: "Acid pollution of rivers"

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B.MARAN, VISHALINI, DORINDA ANTHONY ANTHONY DASS, LAVANNIA RAVIKUMAR, NUR SYAMIMI IZYAN ZAINI, NUR ALIAH SYAKIRAH ROSLI, WAN NUR IZWANI MIOR BAHARUDIN, NAJAH KARIMAH MUSTAFFA e ONG MENG CHUAN. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENT OF KEMAMAN RIVER, TERENGGANU". Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, n. 3 (31 luglio 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v3i3.214.

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In the present day, rivers are used by people as water sources for their daily agricultural, industrial and cleaning purposes. However, industrial development and human activities are rapidly impacting the river’s catchment area, which can cause contamination of heavy metals in the water and sediment. The Kemaman River is one of the rivers that may be affected by these pollutants. Thus, the concentration of selected heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg), plus the pollution status was determined in the surface sediments of the Kemaman River. A total of 46 sediment samples were collected along the river. Teflon Bomb digestion method with 2.0mL of mixed acid (concentrated nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid with ratio 3:3:1) was performed followed by analyzation using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICPMS). The status of heavy metals contamination in the study area was determined by the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) and pollution load index (PLI). The calculated Igeo value suggested that the sediments in the Kemaman River were categorized under unpolluted to polluted category. However, the calculated PLI suggested that the study area is polluted with heavy metals. The correlation of the sediment mean grain size and the selected heavy metals was strongly correlated. The concentration of metals increased with the rising mean grain size, which suggests their association with the fine fraction of the sediment.

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Herut, B., N. Kress e H. Hornung. "Nutrient pollution at the lower reaches of Mediterranean coastal rivers in Israel". Water Science and Technology 42, n. 1-2 (1 luglio 2000): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0306.

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This study represents the first attempt to evaluate the nutrient load introduced into the coastal waters by the rivers along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Measurements of nutrient concentrations (phosphate, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, silicic acid) at two or three stations along the lower river reaches (11 rivers) were carried out annually from 1990 up to 1998. Combining the nutrient concentrations with the monthly riverine discharges we assessed the nutrient load. In general, most of the coastal rivers contain high nutrient contamination level, compared to the criteria adopted by NOAA (USA) for coastal river estuaries. The high degree of contamination is attributed to extreme low natural flow combined with the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes, and with agriculture runoff. In terms of nutrient concentrations, the Kishon River is the most polluted, followed by the Soreq, Poleg and Alexander Rivers. The preliminary estimate is that the coastal rivers transport between ~2000 to 6000 tons of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and between ~250–800 tons of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) to the sea. An additional 3500 and 3000 tons of DIN and DIP, respectively, are supplied through the Kishon River. The load of the Poleg River is unknown (no discharge data) but expected to be significant based on nutrient concentration measured. The total load of the coastal rivers constitutes a major component among the other land-base point sources such as the Gush Dan outfall. Our estimate probably represents minimal values, as it does not include diffused input of agricultural runoff nor the riverine particulate and dissolved organic nutrient loads (which are unknown).

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Oliveira, Paula Caroline dos Reis, Marcos Gomes Nogueira e Luciana Pinto Sartori. "Differential environmental impacts on small and medium size rivers from center of São Paulo State, Brazil, and regional management perspectives". Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 26, n. 4 (dicembre 2014): 404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2014000400008.

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AIM: This study aimed to evaluate, comparatively, the influence of distinct environmental impacts in the watershed on the rivers Capivara, Lavapés, Araquá and Pardo and the transference of effects downstream. METHODS: The limnological/water quality study was carried out in rainy (March/2007) and dry (September/2007) seasons, considering 17 sampling stations. RESULTS: Variables such as channel width and depth, water velocity and temperature increased towards the river's mouth; water transparency, velocity and dissolved oxygen were higher in the upstream regions. Light penetration was total at most sampling stations and pH was predominantly acid. The sampling stations impacted by pollution sources, Lavapés and Araquá Rivers, exhibited higher values of electric conductivity, suspended solids, total nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, total dissolved phosphorus, BOD, and thermotolerant coliforms. Higher values of electric conductivity, turbidity and suspended solids were observed in the rainy season, whereas higher chlorophyll concentrations occurred in the dry season. The Lavapés River exhibits the worst environmental condition, while Capivara River is under better state of conservation. This study shows that it is urgent the implementation of measures for preservation and restoration of these regional aquatic ecosystems. All studied rivers were influenced by seasonal variation, sewage discharges and by watershed use and occupation. The TSI is a good analysis tool. The studied rivers export organic matter and TN, TP and SS loads to Tietê and Paranapanema rivers. CONCLUSIONS: This study show the importance of river management and that the accelerated degradation of the river systems indicates the little progress of the Brazilian legislation in terms of preservation and good management practices and that the interface between science, law, management and conservation need to be improved.

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Quan, Bingxu, Jiawei Tang, Xiameng Niu, Peidong Su, Zhimin Zhang e Yitao Yang. "Elaborating the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Sediment around a Typical Aging Landfill in China". Toxics 11, n. 10 (11 ottobre 2023): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics11100852.

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are bioaccumulative and widely distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Understanding the distribution of and ecological risks posed by PFASs is critical, particularly for PFAS emissions and accumulation from a common urban pollution source. The transformation characteristics and ecological risks of PFASs from a typical aging municipal landfill leachate were systematically monitored and assessed over five years in this study. The results showed that the total PFAS concentrations (ΣPFASs) in the rivers were between 26.4 and 464.3 ng/L, whereas in sediment, ΣPFASs ranged from 9.5 to 58.5 ng/g (w/w). The presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the most prominent PFAS in both water (39.4–152.3 ng/L) and sediment (1.1–56.1 ng/g). In a five-year monitoring study, the concentration of PFASs in the aging landfill decreased by 23.3%, with higher mean concentrations observed during summer (307.6 ng/L) compared to winter (250.4 ng/L). As for the pollution distribution, the suspended particulate matter–water partition coefficient (log Kd) of carboxylic acid (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) ranged from 1.53 to 2.65, and from 1.77 to 2.82, respectively. PFSAs and long-chain PFCAs exhibited a greater propensity for sediment association compared to short-chain PFCAs. An ecological risk assessment of four typical PFASs, PFOA, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS), utilizing the hazard quotient method revealed that the rivers surrounding the typical aging landfill exhibited a low contamination risk for PFOA, while no ecological risks were associated with the other three FPASs. This study contributes to an enhanced comprehension of the occurrence, distribution, and risk of PFASs in the rivers in rivers and sediment surrounding a typical aging landfill site in China, thereby providing crucial reference information for ensuring water quality safety.

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Tsai, L. J., S. T. Ho e K. C. Yu. "Correlations of extractable heavy metals with organic matters in contaminated river sediments". Water Science and Technology 47, n. 9 (1 maggio 2003): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0502.

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In southern Taiwan, almost all the main rivers have been contaminated by anthropogenic heavy metals and organic matters. The main pollution sources include agricultural, industrial, and domestic activities. River sediments potentially have large capacities to accumulate heavy metals and organic matters when the river water flows through it. The sediments sampled from high contaminated river (the Yenshui River) and moderately contaminated rivers (the Tsengwen, Chishui, Potzu, and Peikang Rivers) were used to realize correlations between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, and Fe) and organic matters in vertical sediment cores. Organic matters and aqua regia extractable heavy metal concentrations, analyzed by strong acid-digested extraction, were determined in vertical profile segments from downstream sediments of the five rivers. Sum of six aqua regia extractable heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb) were below 3,000 mg/kg in sediments of the Yenshui River, and below 500 mg/kg in the other four rivers' sediments. Strongly positive correlations (r = 0.83-0.95) between each kind of aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (concentration range between 0.6 to 3.8%) were observed in sediments of the Yenshui River. The slopes of the linear regressive lines approximated the average metal complexation ratios with organic matters in the sediments. In sediments of the other four rivers, smaller positive correlation coefficients between aqua regia extractable heavy metals and organic matters (below 2.6%) were observed. The complexation ratios derived from the four moderately polluted river sediments were smaller than those derived from the highly contaminated river sediments, indicating that the importance of organic matters in the accumulation of heavy metals in river sediments.

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Dagher, Lea A., Jouman Hassan, Samer Kharroubi, Hadi Jaafar e Issmat I. Kassem. "Nationwide Assessment of Water Quality in Rivers Across Lebanon by Quantifying Fecal Indicators Densities and Profiling Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli". Antibiotics 10, n. 7 (20 luglio 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070883.

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The use of contaminated water has been associated with severe disease outbreaks. Due to widespread pollution with untreated sewage, concerns have been raised over water quality in Lebanon, a country with well-documented challenges in infrastructure. Here, we evaluated the water quality of major rivers in Lebanon by quantifying the densities of fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli). Additionally, we assessed the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in river water. Composite water samples (n = 132) were collected from fourteen rivers, and 378 E. coli were isolated and analyzed. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in 96.29% and 95.5% of the samples, respectively. Additionally, 73.48–61.3% and 31.81% of the samples exceeded the microbiological acceptability standards for irrigation and the fecal coliform limit for recreational activities, respectively. The E. coli exhibited resistance to ampicillin (40% of isolates), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (42%), cefepime (4%), cefotaxime (14%), cefalexin (46%), cefixime (17%), doripenem (0.3%), imipenem (0.5%), gentamicin (6%), kanamycin (9%), streptomycin (35%), tetracycline (35%), ciprofloxacin (10%), norfloxacin (7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (32%), and chloramphenicol (13%). Notably, 45.8% of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). Our results highlight the need to urgently address fecal pollution and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Lebanese rivers.

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Odunaike, K., Qasim Adeniji, R. T. Feyisola, A. T. Talabi, A. O. Olabamiji, O. S. Olayemi, R. O. Rufai, R. S. Opatokun e T. T. Adeojo. "Determination and Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Some Selected Rivers within Ijebu-North, Nigeria". Journal of the University of Ruhuna 10, n. 2 (31 dicembre 2022): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v10i2.7988.

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Human health would be at risk if water which is essential for every human activity is contaminated with carcinogenic substances including heavy metals, this present study evaluated potentially toxic metal concentration in some selected rivers in Ijebu-North of Nigeria to determine the concentration of heavy metals and evaluate the pollution index. Ten (10) rivers were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Samples were collected using a labelled acid pre-cleaned polyethylene container so as avoid wall absorption, the samples were collected from different points at different locations along the course of the river. The samples were filtered, acidified with HNO3 and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cu in all the rivers were higher than the WHO limit. However Hg, Cd, Ag, Al, and Mn values are below the recommended values. The contamination factor (C_f) for the Pb varied from 2.18-4.04, Ni varied from 3.0-14.0, Hg was between 0.00-0.03333, Cd was between 0.16667-0.6667, Cr varied between 8.00-48.40, Cu varied between 4.00-12.00, Ag varied between 0.01-0.02, Se varied from 0.05-1.25, Al varied between 0.12-0.46 and Mn varied from 0.020-0.028, Cu values fall within the range of very severe pollution. The results from this study revealed that some rivers within the study area were polluted and recommended for treatment before they can be used domestically and for other purposes.

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SKOULIKIDIS, N. TH. "Typological and qualitative characteristics of Greek-interregional rivers". Mediterranean Marine Science 3, n. 1 (1 giugno 2002): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.260.

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The catchments of the interregional rivers (I.R.) entering Greece cover an area of approximately 98000 km2, of which only 14% belongs to Greece, while their contribution to the country’s freshwater runoff reach 40% (18 km3/a). Geologically, the I.R. catchments are marked by their high percentage of acid silicates. I.R. show hydrochemical similarities, except for Evros, which is highly polluted. Compared to the other major Greek rivers, I.R. are the most polluted, with the Evros at the top, followed by the Axios. The main factors controlling their composition are climate, pollution and catchment geology. Inter-annual qualitative variations are controlled by seasonal climatic variations, which govern evaporation, groundwater contribution to river flow, dilution and flushing. A long-term salinisation of river water is attributed to climatic and anthropogenic impact. The I.R. transfer approx. 6,63 Μ t dissolved solids to the sea annually. Regarding the inputs of pollutants into the sea, they transfer over 70 % of the potassium, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon of the total load carried by major Greek rivers (78% of total Greek surface runoff), whereas for phosphate and sulphate the percentages reach 89 and 78.

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Dzwairo, B., e F. A. O. Otieno. "Chemical pollution assessment and prioritisation model for the Upper and Middle Vaal water management areas of South Africa". Journal of Water and Health 12, n. 4 (29 aprile 2014): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2014.017.

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A chemical pollution assessment and prioritisation model was developed for the Upper and Middle Vaal water management areas of South Africa in order to provide a simple and practical Pollution Index to assist with mitigation and rehabilitation activities. Historical data for 2003 to 2008 from 21 river sites were cubic-interpolated to daily values. Nine parameters were considered for this purpose, that is, ammonium, chloride, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, fluoride, nitrate, phosphate and sulphate. Parameter selection was based on sub-catchment pollution characteristics and availability of a consistent data range, against a harmonised guideline which provided five classes. Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 used ideal catchment background values for Vaal Dam, Vaal Barrage, Blesbokspruit/Suikerbosrant and Klip Rivers, respectively. Class 5 represented values which fell above those for Klip River. The Pollution Index, as provided by the model, identified pollution prioritisation monitoring points on Rietspruit-W:K2, Natalspruit:K12, Blesbokspruit:B1, Rietspruit-L:R1/R2, Taaibosspruit:T1 and Leeuspruit:L1. Pre-classification indicated that pollution sources were domestic, industrial and mine effluent. It was concluded that rehabilitation and mitigation measures should prioritise points with high classes. Ability of the model to perform simple scenario building and analysis was considered to be an effective tool for acid mine drainage pollution assessment.

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Aina Syahirah Nor Saharudin, Lailashugra Abd. Mutalib, Zitty Sarah Ismail, Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Sabarina Md Yunus e Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin. "Enrichment and Distribution of Elements Concentration in Sediment of Sungai Balok, Pahang". Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 33, n. 3 (9 novembre 2023): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.33.3.2838.

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Sungai Balok, Pahang is one of the rivers that has been impacted by anthropogenic pollution in the surrounding area that contributes to increase the level of river pollution. The purpose of the study was to estimate the pollution levels using sediment indices include pollution load index (PLI), Enrichment Factor (EF) and Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo). The sediment core samples were taken from five sampling points along Sungai Balok from upstream to downstream towards coastal area. The sediment samples were sliced into 2 cm aggregates from surface down to bottom of the sediment core. Then, the samples were oven dried, pulverized and digested using acid digestion prior to analyze using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The average concentration of the elements in sediment core which are shows in the following order: As > Pb > Zn> Cr > Mn. It was found that the elements concentrations distribution varied between the vertical layer. The assessment of the degree of pollutant in sediment were done based on sediment pollution indices.

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Whitehead, Paul Geoffrey, Zineb Mimouni, Daniel Butterfield, Gianbattista Bussi, Mohammed Abed Hossain, Rebecca Peters, Shammi Shawal et al. "A New Multibranch Model for Metals in River Systems: Impacts and Control of Tannery Wastes in Bangladesh". Sustainability 13, n. 6 (23 marzo 2021): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063556.

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A new multibranch Integrated Catchment (INCA) model INCA-Metals has been developed to simulate the impact of tannery discharges on river systems. The model accounts for the key chemical reaction kinetic processes operating as well as sedimentation, resuspension, dilution, mixing and redistribution of pollutants in rivers downstream of tannery discharge points and for mine discharges or acid rock drainage sites. The model is dynamic and simulates the daily behaviour of hydrology and eight metals, including cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, manganese and chromium, as well as cyanide and ammonia. The model is semi-distributed and can simulate catchments, tributaries and instream river behaviour. The model can also account for diffuse pollution from rural runoff as well as point sources from effluent and trade discharges. The model has been applied to the new Savar tannery complex on the Dhaleshwari River system in Bangladesh to assess the impacts on pollution levels in the river system and to evaluate a set of treatment scenarios for pollution control, particularly in the dry season. It is shown that the new effluent treatment plant at Savar needs to significantly improve its operation and treatment capability in order to alleviate metal pollution in the downstream Dhaleshwari River System and also protect the Meghna River System that falls in the Bay of Bengal.

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Renaldi, Ridho, Marhadi Marhadi e Anggrika Riyanti. "Analisis Daya Tampung Beban Pencemaran Air Sungai Asam Kota Jambi". Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 4, n. 2 (28 settembre 2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v4i2.80.

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The Asam River is one of the rivers that crosses the sub-districts, including Kota Baru, Jelutung and Pasar Jambi. Asam River is located in Jambi City with a length of 10.68 km, and a watershed area of 2,930 Ha. The Asam River is generally polluted by waste originating from activities, office areas, hotels, trade centers, prominent figures and residential areas. To determine the quality of acid river water, it is necessary to analyze the load carrying capacity of water pollution. Methods that can be used to analyze the load carrying capacity of water pollution include the Mass Balance method and the Streeter-Phelps method. Based on the results of the calculation of the carrying capacity of the river pollution load using the mass balance method on the parameters, pH, TSS, BOD and COD. The Asam River which cannot accommodate the pollution load is found in the TSS parameter of -110.129 mg/l with a quality standard of 30 mg/l according to the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Number P.68 of 2016 concerning domestic waste quality standards, while for the parameters pH, BOD, and COD still below the domestic waste quality standard. The results of the calculation of the carrying capacity of the pollution load using the streeter-phelps method show that at 4 sampling points the BOD concentration can still accommodate the pollution load in the river which does not exceed the quality standard. the effect of DO concentration on AP1 Upstream to AP4 Downstream is still available in sufficient amount of DO.

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Li, Tongfei, Pingyan Zhou, Yunchang Ding, Qiding Tang, Shanshan Zhou e Ying Liu. "Distribution Characteristics and Source Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Different Rivers in Two Water Period: A Case Study of Pi River and Shiting River in the Upper Reaches of Tuo River in China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 19 (29 settembre 2022): 12433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912433.

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In this paper, the distribution characteristics of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and fractions of nitrogen and phosphorus in water and surface sediments of the Pi and Shiting rivers in the dry and wet seasons were studied by molybdenum blue/ascorbic acid spectrophotometry and Standard Measurements and Testing (SMT). Correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to identified nitrogen and phosphorus pollution sources. The results showed that: (1) nitrogen and phosphorus in water and surface sediments in the study area were at different levels. (2) In the Pi river, the decomposition of animal and plant residues, the leachate from the accumulation of aquaculture wastewater and urban domestic sewage were the main sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, while in the Shiting river, the unreasonable application of pesticides and fertilizers, the degradation of animal and plant residues, agricultural wastewater from agricultural drainage channels, industrial production wastewater and the weathering of agricultural wastes had a great impact on the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. The results in this study provide reliable experimental data and a reference to local relevant departments for the implementation of effective control measures for the reduction of the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load in the river basin.

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Grande, José A., Ana Teresa Luís, Francisco Córdoba, Mercedes Leiva, José Miguel Dávila, Juan Carlos Fortes, María Santisteban, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva e Aguasanta Miguel Sarmiento. "Odiel River (SW Spain), a Singular Scenario Affected by Acid Mine Drainage (AMD): Graphical and Statistical Models to Assess Diatoms and Water Hydrogeochemistry Interactions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 16 (10 agosto 2021): 8454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168454.

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The Odiel River (SW Spain) is one of the most cited rivers in the scientific literature due to its high pollution degree, generated by more than 80 sulphide mines’ (mostly unrestored) contamination in the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB), that have been exploited for more than 5000 years. Along the river and its tributaries, the physico-chemical parameters and diatoms, from 15 sampling points, were analyzed in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters, water chemical analysis, together with richness and Shannon–Wiener indexes were integrated in a matrix. An initial graphical treatment allowed the definition and proposal of a functioning system model, as well as the establishment of cause–effect relationships between pollution and its effects on biota. Then, the proposed model was statistically validated by factor analysis. For acidic pH waters, high values of Eh, TDS, sulphate, ∑REE and ∑Ficklin were found, while diatomologic indicators took low values. Thus, factor analysis was a very effective tool for graphical treatment validation as well as for pollution–biota interaction models’ formulation, governed by two factors: AMD processes and water balance suffered by the studied river. As a novelty, the cause–effect relationships between high barium concentration and low diversity and richness were demonstrated in the IPB, for the first time.

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Jin, Mei-Yan, Hye-Ji Oh, Kyung-Hoon Shin, Min-Ho Jang, Hyun-Woo Kim, Bohyung Choi, Zi-Yu Lin, Jeong Sook Heo, Jong-Min Oh e Kwang-Hyeon Chang. "The Response of Dissolved Organic Matter during Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Periods in the Regulated River for Sustainable Water Supply". Sustainability 12, n. 13 (1 luglio 2020): 5310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135310.

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in rivers are an important factor in pollution management due to the abundance of stored carbon. Using fluorescent spectroscopy, we investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of DOM compositions, as well as their properties, for two of the major four regulated rivers—Han River (HR) and Geum River (GR) in South Korea. We collected eight sampling sites, four from each of the two rivers (from close to the weirs) in order to observe the integrated effects of different land use (terrestrial input) during the monsoon (July) and post-monsoon periods (September). High integral values of DOM compositions (July: 30.81 ± 9.71 × 103 vs. September: 1.78 ± 0.66 × 103) were present in all eight sites after heavy rainfall during the monsoon period, which indicated that Asian monsoon climates occupy a potent role in the DOM compositions of the rivers. Regarding DOM compositions, tryptophan-like and fulvic acid-like components were predominant in HR and GR, especially in GR with high integral values of protein-like and humus components. However, the properties of terrestrial DOM between HR and GR are markedly different. These results considered due to the different land use, where the terrestrial DOM shows a low degree of humification due to a high percentage of agriculture and urban land use in GR. Furthermore, these two rivers are typical regulated rivers, due to their weir constructions. High values of DOM components were present in the downstream of the weirs; however, increasingly high patterns appeared in the HR because of heavy rainfall (511.01 mm in HR; 376.33 mm in GR). In addition, a lower increasing trend of humic-like component was present in the GR due to a low percentage of forest land use/cover. These results suggest that the effect of the weir on rivers can be highlighted by the different percentages of land use/cover under the conditions of the monsoon period. Hence, DOM fluorescence can serve as an effective indicator for providing an early signal for the complex impacts of the different land use and rainfall in the regulated river systems.

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Wan, Jie, Xuyin Yuan, Lei Han, Hongmeng Ye e Xiaofan Yang. "Characteristics and Distribution of Organic Phosphorus Fractions in the Surface Sediments of the Inflow Rivers around Hongze Lake, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 2 (19 gennaio 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020648.

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In this study, the characteristics and distribution of the organic phosphorus (Po) fractions in the surface sediments of seven inflow rivers around Hongze Lake in China were analyzed with a soil Po fraction method, as used by Ivanoff. The relationships between the Po fractions and physiochemical features of sediments were also discussed. The results showed that, the sediments of the rivers had been moderately pollution with certain ecological risk effects except the Waste Yellow River. The relative contribution order of the Po fractions in the sediments was residual Po > HCl-Po > fulvic acid-Po > humic acid-Po > labile organic phosphorus (LOP). Moderately labile organic phosphorus (MLOP) was the main part of the Po forms in the whole sediments. The risk of phosphorus released from river sediments was the highest in the western region, followed by the southwestern region, and finally the northwestern region. There were significant correlations between Po forms and total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (Pi), and Po. Non labile organic phosphorus (NLOP) had the strongest correlation with TP. The distribution of Po forms in each region was different due to the impact of human activities, industrial and agricultural production and the land types; the heaver polluted sediments with higher Po fractions. It is suggested that most of the sediments of the inflow rivers in the regions have certain ecological risk effects and P of them have an important contributions on the eutrophication of Hongze Lake. Po forms can provide a reliable theoretical basis for dealing with the change of water quality and should be paid more attention in the lake eutrophication investigation. There was reciprocal transformation between different Po forms, especially non-bioavailable fraction can change into bio-available ones. The results can provide a basis for the earth cycle of phosphorus and a new perspective of eutrophication control of shallow lakes.

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Herfien, Eri Barlian, Indang Dewata, Mulya Gusman e Nur Efendi. "Effectiveness of Acid Mine Water Testing Using Sparing at PT. Bara Alam Utama". Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 10, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2024): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i1.5803.

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Sparing is a remote monitoring tool (telemetry) and is carried out in real-time via various different devices, as well as storing and displaying it on many device options. This research uses a quantitative descriptive method, which aims to present data related to the research object. The data sources used in this research consist of primary and secondary data sources. Where primary data is obtained from direct observation and measurements regarding pH values, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) metal content. Secondary data was obtained through literature relevant to the research and documentation during the research. The results obtained in May 2022 were 31.0 and 32.2 mg/l, in November 2022 upstream and downstream, namely 19 and 26.8 mg/l. Meanwhile, the pH value of the water in May 2022 in the upstream river still met The quality book is 6.03, while the pH value in the upstream and downstream rivers is 7.3 and 7.1, while in November 2022 the upstream and downstream pH will be 6.43 and 7.11. The iron (Fe) and manganese content is also relatively small both upstream and downstream, namely in May 0.323 and 0.284 mg/l and in November 2022 0.612 and 0.124. Meanwhile, the results of the river pollution capacity are TSS on the Kungkilan River, namely (28.89 - 36.13 mg/L) and the Lematang River, namely (27.00 - 30.25 mg/L).

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Menshikova, Elena, Boris Osovetsky, Sergey Blinov e Pavel Belkin. "Mineral Formation under the Influence of Mine Waters (The Kizel Coal Basin, Russia)". Minerals 10, n. 4 (17 aprile 2020): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040364.

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Abstract (sommario):

The development of coal deposits is accompanied by negative environmental changes. In the territory of the Kizel coal basin (Perm Region, Russia), the problem of contamination of water sources by acid mine waters and runoff from rock dumps is particularly acute. Mine waters are acidic (pH 2–3), with high mineralization (up to 25 g/L) and significant content of sulfate ions, iron, aluminum, manganese, toxic trace elements (As, Co, Ni, Pb and Zn). They are formed as a result of the interaction of underground waters from flooded mines of the Kizel basin with coal and rocks of dumps with high sulfur content (15%). Uncontrolled inflow of mine water into rivers (about 22 million m3 annually) leads to significant amounts of iron and aluminum hydroxide precipitation. These precipitations are in active interaction with river water, polluting the rivers tens of kilometers downstream and are entering the Kama reservoir. Studies of alluvial precipitation can be considered as a method of control and predictors of technogenic water pollution. The mineral composition of river sediments was studied with the application of different methods, including studies of sand-gravel and silty-clayey sediments. The sandy-gravel grains in the bottom load are mainly composed by natural minerals and are represented by a significant number of particles of coal dumps, slags and magnetic spherules. The silty-clayey material, mixed with natural minerals, contains a significant number of amorphous phases with a predominance of iron-rich substances, which may actively concentrate toxic elements. The presence of jarosite, goethite, basaluminite, lepidorocite and copiapite in silty-clayey sediments are indicators of the influence of mine waters.

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Pan, Xu, Jing Ye, Hui Zhang, Jun Tang e Dandan Pan. "Occurrence, Removal and Bioaccumulation of Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Lake Chaohu, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 10 (14 maggio 2019): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101692.

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Abstract (sommario):

The perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAAs) have received growing attention in recent years as emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. The occurrence, removal and bioaccumulation of fourteen PFAAs (C4–C14 carboxylate; C4, C6, C8 sulfonates) were investigated in Lake Chaohu, China. The concentrations of the selected PFAAs in inflowing river, lake water and sewage treatment plant (STP) samples were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC–MS/MS). The results showed that perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA) and perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), instead of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), were predominant PFAAs in the inflowing river and lake water with maximum concentrations in the ranges of 52.2–1866 and 27–236 ng L−1, respectively. The highest concentrations of total PFAAs were detected in the western rivers. The effluents from seven STPs were likely important sources of PFAAs in surface water, and the amount of the daily fluxes in the effluent were 132 g for short-chain PFAAs and 109 g for long-chain PFAAs. PFAAs were widely detected in Chinese icefish (Neosalanx tangkahkeii taihuensis) collected from Lake Chaohu, with maximal concentrations ranging from 1.79 ng g−1 to 50.9 ng g−1. The logarithmic bioaccumulation factors of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA, 3.5), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS, 3.35) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA, 3.31) indicated the bioaccumulation of these long-chain PFAAs. This study is useful for enhancing our understanding of the pollution profiles of PFAAs and their environmental health risk in the freshwater lake.

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20

Ojobo, K. C., e P. Adowei. "Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Carbonate Equilibria System of the New Calabar River, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, n. 10 (9 febbraio 2022): 1841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i10.12.

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Abstract (sommario):

Carbonate equilibrium helps to critically determine the degree or level of pollution and its possible source. In this study the physicochemical properties and carbonate equilibria system of the New Calabar River, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria was evaluated using standard techniques by analyzing the pH, total dissolved solid, bicarbonate ion, sulphate ion, chloride ion, total alkalinity and total hardness of five samples collected from strategic points along the River. Data obtained show that the pH ranged 5.93-6.33, while TDS values varied from 4770mg/l to 5280mg/l. The total alkalinity of the sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4 and sample 5 analyzed and their results are 70mg/l, 68 mg/l, 66 mg/l, 73 mg/l and 60.5 mg/l respectively. The total hardness of sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4 and sample 5 collected from the New Calabar River and the results are 913mg/l, 904 mg/l, 942 mg/l, 933 mg/l and 939 mg/l. The sulphate ion concentration for sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4 and sample 5 are 519.20mg/l, 510.5mg/l, 552mg/l, 543mg/l and 549.00mg/l, while the Chloride concentration varied from 3390.5 mg/l to 4,802 mg/l mg/l. Result indicated that all physiochemical parameters apart from total alkalinity was not within the WHO guidelines or standard and the river shows presence of weak acid deposits but very high concentration of chloride ion which indicates higher degree of organic pollution and also acidic in nature. Thus, the river poses a health risk to the rural communities who rely primarily on them as the only source of domestic water supply.

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21

Guerrero, J. L., I. Gutiérrez-Álvarez, A. Hierro, S. M. Pérez-Moreno, M. Olías e J. P. Bolívar. "Seasonal evolution of natural radionuclides in two rivers affected by acid mine drainage and phosphogypsum pollution". CATENA 197 (febbraio 2021): 104978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2020.104978.

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22

Silva, Luis F. O., Silvia Fdez- Ortiz de Vallejuelo, Irantzu Martinez-Arkarazo, Kepa Castro, Marcos L. S. Oliveira, Carlos H. Sampaio, Irineu A. S. de Brum, Felipe B. de Leão, Silvio R. Taffarel e Juan M. Madariaga. "Study of environmental pollution and mineralogical characterization of sediment rivers from Brazilian coal mining acid drainage". Science of The Total Environment 447 (marzo 2013): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.12.013.

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23

Whitehead, P. G., D. Butterfield e A. J. Wade. "Simulating metals and mine discharges in river basins using a new integrated catchment model for metals: pollution impacts and restoration strategies in the Aries-Mures river system in Transylvania, Romania". Hydrology Research 40, n. 2-3 (1 aprile 2009): 323–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.069.

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Abstract (sommario):

The INtegrated CAtchment (INCA) model has been developed to simulate the impact of mine discharges on river systems. The model accounts for the key kinetic chemical processes operating as well as the dilution, mixing and redistribution of pollutants in rivers downstream of mine discharges or acid rock drainage sites. The model is dynamic and simulates the day-to-day behaviour of hydrology and eight metals (cadmium, mercury, copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, manganese and chromium) as well as cyanide and ammonia. The model is semi-distributed and can simulate catchments, sub-catchment and in-stream river behaviour. The model has been applied to the Roşia Montană Mine in Transylvania, Romania, and used to assess the impacts of old mine adits on the local catchments as well as on the downstream Aries and Mures river system. The question of mine restoration is investigated and a set of clean-up scenarios investigated. It is shown that the planned restoration will generate a much improved water quality from the mine and also alleviate the metal pollution of the river system.

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24

Verla, Andrew Wirnkor, E. N. Verla, P. Adowei, A. Briggs e M. Horsfall. "Quality Assessment of Vegetable Oil Industry Effluents in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 33 (maggio 2014): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.33.179.

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Abstract (sommario):

Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.

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Verla, Andrew Wirnkor, E. N. Verla, P. Adowei, A. Briggs e M. Horsfall. "Quality Assessment of Vegetable Oil Industry Effluents in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 33 (11 maggio 2014): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-81c7y9.

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Abstract (sommario):

Five composite samples of waste water were collected from waste water tank of a vegetable oil refining company and were analyzed for physiochemical characteristics, heavy metal and organic pollutants. Physicochemical determinations were done according to standard methods; heavy metals were determined by use of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer method while organic pollutants were determined by Gas chromatography system HP 6890 series. Sulphate was determined by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid method while phosphates and chlorides were determined by argentometric method. Results reveal that effluent pH (4.67 ±0.015), salinity (125 ±4.50 %) and BOD5 (17.83 ±1.70 mg/l) were bellow WHO standard whereas TDS (127.7 ±5.77 mg/l), TSS (563.6 ±3.15 mg/l) and COD (3959 ±3.8 mg/l) were above WHO standards. Heavy metal pollution index (0.31) showed no multi-element contamination arising from effluent. The degree of contamination (1.84) showed that the effluent has a moderate polluting potential. Lower molecular weight PAHs showed a significant difference even though most of the organic compounds in vegetable oil refinery wastewater showed good biodegradability that varied weekly. Therefore there is either no treatment or an in effective treatment of the effluents. This could result to serious environmental problems in the near future.

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26

Lai, Qiuying, Jian Shui, Jie Ma, Fei He, Longmian Wang, Fuquan Peng, Xiang Zhu, Qingqing Pang e Yuao Wang. "Effects of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) on Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in a Seagoing River—A Case Study of the Wanggang River Flowing into the East China Sea". Water 14, n. 21 (7 novembre 2022): 3580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213580.

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Abstract (sommario):

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an emerging environmental pollutant that has attracted widespread attention. In this study, water samples were collected from the Wanggang River in the eastern coastal area of China, and the PFOA and dissolved organic matter (DOM) levels were measured. The results show that the PFOA concentration in the water bodies ranges from 3.2 to 52.9 ng·L−1, and the average value is 27.1 ± 13.4 ng·L−1, indicating an intermediate level. Two protein-like (C2, C3) and two humus-like (C1, C4) DOM components in the Wanggang River are attributed to rainfall and human activities. Differences are observed in the DOM components before and after the flood season. The humus-like components are higher in the post-flood season, and are one of the factors affecting PFOA distribution and concentration in the Wanggang River. The results provide data support for monitoring and evaluating PFOA in rivers and help formulate PFOA pollution management strategies. In future research, it might be better to define the interaction between DOM and emerging organic pollutants by using 17 PFASs as subjects.

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27

Jiao, Yiwen, Yitian Liu, Wei Wang, Yujiao Li, Wentong Chang, Ao Zhou e Ronglong Mu. "Heavy Metal Distribution Characteristics, Water Quality Evaluation, and Health Risk Evaluation of Surface Water in Abandoned Multi-Year Pyrite Mine Area". Water 15, n. 17 (1 settembre 2023): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15173138.

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Abstract (sommario):

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major anthropogenic source of heavy metal discharge worldwide. However, little research has been carried out on the development of AMD in abandoned pyrite mines and the heavy metal contamination of mine surface water. The aim of this study was to investigate and assess heavy metal pollution in three streams within an abandoned pyrite mine area in southeastern Shaanxi Province, China. Surface water pollution was assessed using the pollution index assessment method and the health risk assessment model. The results showed that the combined heavy metal pollution indices of the surveyed rivers were Tielu Creek (4699.227), Jiancao Creek (228.840), and Daoban Creek (68.106). After multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that the tailings slag and mine chamber in the abandoned mine area were the main causes of AMD, and AMD posed a serious risk of heavy metal pollution to the surrounding waters. The risk of carcinogenicity of heavy metals is also quite high in the surface water of mining area. Therefore, there is an urgent need to ecologically manage heavy metal pollution from abandoned mine sites, and this study provides insights into understanding heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment of abandoned mine sites.

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28

Flefel, Hassan, Denis Nokhrin e Irina Donnik. "Determine heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediment in water systems". E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 02028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022202028.

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Abstract (sommario):

Objective: Biomonitoring pollution of water bodies with heavy metals using evaluation of the level of concentration of heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediments in 9 important rivers and lakes in the water bodies of Yekaterinburg. (Eight rivers and one lake). Methods: Sample preparation for the atomic absorption determination of the acid-soluble “mobile” form of eight metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the composition of bottom sediments was carried out by the method of wet mineralization in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines the definition of heavy metals. Results: All concentrations of heavy metals in sediments and aquatic plants were higher than in a water sample. Conclusions: Concentrations of all water samples were within acceptable limits established by WHO, while the concentrations of all aquatic plants and sediment were above the acceptable limits of WHO.

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Archibald, C. G. M., e J. C. Taylor. "The assessment of diffuse pollution from acid-mine drainage using an updated and revised diatom assessment procedure as an added-value bio-monitoring tool". Water Science and Technology 55, n. 3 (1 febbraio 2007): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.083.

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Abstract (sommario):

Three data sources (physico-chemistry, bio-monitoring and eco-toxicology) are currently used in South Africa to establish environmental water quality conditions. Environmental water quality in turn is key information required for the “ecological reserve determination” of river reaches. Bio-monitoring in South Africa has been limited in recent times mostly to the use of the SASS procedure which relies on invertebrates only. This paper describes the re-introduction of a diatom-based water quality assessment as an added-value bio-monitoring tool. A specific example is discussed citing the response of diatom assemblages to diffuse pollution from acid mine drainage and how effective diatoms are as indicators of ecological integrity and river recovery measured downstream of the area of impact. The advantages of applying this bio-monitoring technique over other biological measures are presented in the context of technological advances in rapid image processing, species identification and software applications of diatom-based water quality indices. The valuable records of the diatom assemblages of the past, held in the South African Diatom Collection at the CSIR (KwaZulu-Natal), can now be accessed and interpreted as historical environmental water quality reference points for several rivers in South Africa.

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Rahayu, Yusnita, Jodi Wijaya, Ery Safrianti, Feranita, Salhazan Nasution e Suwitno. "Design and Development of a Website-based Palm Oil Industry Liquid Waste Monitoring System". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2049, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2021): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012085.

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Abstract Liquid waste produced by palm oil mills needs to be monitored regularly to avoid pollution and negative impacts of waste before being discharged into rivers. Monitoring of pollution levels of palm oil effluent is carried out in wastewater disposal ponds. In this study, a website-based prototype of a palm oil effluent monitoring system was designed and built. This prototype monitors the level of pollution of liquid waste in the liquid waste disposal pond. Monitoring the level of pollution of this liquid waste takes a sample of waste at one of the palm oil mills located in Kuantan Singingi, Riau. This research uses a pH sensor and a water turbidity sensor. Provision of calcium oxide is carried out if the level of acidity of the liquid waste and the level of turbidity of the liquid waste is in poor condition. The measurement results are then displayed directly on the website that was built. From the results of field tests, it was found that the liquid waste is very acidic, so it is necessary to add calcium oxide to reduce the acid content.

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TOMIYAMA, Shingo, Tsubasa HAGINO, Toshifumi IGARASHI, Masatoshi SAKODA e Yusei MASAKI. "Effects of Acid Mine Drainage from the Date Mine on Nearby Rivers". Resources Processing 67, n. 3 (2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4144/rpsj.67.128.

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32

Sun, Weimin, Tangfu Xiao, Min Sun, Yiran Dong, Zengping Ning, Enzong Xiao, Song Tang e Jiwei Li. "Diversity of the Sediment Microbial Community in the Aha Watershed (Southwest China) in Response to Acid Mine Drainage Pollution Gradients". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, n. 15 (15 maggio 2015): 4874–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00935-15.

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Abstract (sommario):

ABSTRACTLocated in southwest China, the Aha watershed is continually contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD) produced from upstream abandoned coal mines. The watershed is fed by creeks with elevated concentrations of aqueous Fe (total Fe > 1 g/liter) and SO42−(>6 g/liter). AMD contamination gradually decreases throughout downstream rivers and reservoirs, creating an AMD pollution gradient which has led to a suite of biogeochemical processes along the watershed. In this study, sediment samples were collected along the AMD pollution sites for geochemical and microbial community analyses. High-throughput sequencing found various bacteria associated with microbial Fe and S cycling within the watershed and AMD-impacted creek. A large proportion of Fe- and S-metabolizing bacteria were detected in this watershed. The dominant Fe- and S-metabolizing bacteria were identified as microorganisms belonging to the generaMetallibacterium,Aciditerrimonas,Halomonas,Shewanella,Ferrovum,Alicyclobacillus, andSyntrophobacter. Among them,Halomonas,Aciditerrimonas,Metallibacterium, andShewanellahave previously only rarely been detected in AMD-contaminated environments. In addition, the microbial community structures changed along the watershed with different magnitudes of AMD pollution. Moreover, the canonical correspondence analysis suggested that temperature, pH, total Fe, sulfate, and redox potentials (Eh) were significant factors that structured the microbial community compositions along the Aha watershed.

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Vladimirova, Mariya, Lora Kirova e Ivan Traykov. "Phytotoxicological assessment of AMD affected river waters in “Sredna Gora”, Bulgaria to Lepidium sativum L." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1305, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2024): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1305/1/012010.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The ongoing pollution of water bodies from decommissioned mines and mining waste facilities in Bulgaria is a serious problem, leading to a contamination of river waters with heavy metals. Although the chemical analyses of acid mine drainage (AMD) affected waters provide information about their toxicity, this information is not enough to evaluate the potential impacts on the biota. For this, different biological responses are used to assess the toxicity of the polluted waters. The goal of the research was to determine the phytotoxicity (using Lepidium sativum) of five affected river waters. The lower reaches of the rivers flow though agricultural areas and are often used for irrigation by local farmers, increasing the chance of produce contamination. The effect of the working solutions on seed germination and primary root growth of L. sativum was assessed by the following indices: Relative seed germination (RSG), relative root growth (RRG) and germination index (GI, the product of RSG and RRG). The obtained results have shown the connection between germination/root growth inhibition and concentrations of heavy metals in working solutions, but there is no connection between germination/root growth inhibition and pH levels.

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Xiao, Yanchun, Huibin Yu e Yonghui Song. "Influences of Anthropogenic Pollution on the Dynamics of Sedimentary Fulvic Acid Fractions as Revealed via Spectroscopic Techniques Combined with Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy". Water 15, n. 12 (16 giugno 2023): 2256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15122256.

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Abstract (sommario):

To identify the influences of anthropogenic activities on the composition, spatial distribution, sources, and transformation mechanism of sedimentary fulvic acid (FA) fractions from different reaches of an urban river were tracked via excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS). Sediment samples were collected from Baitapu River (BR) along gradients with human activities (e.g., rural, town, and urban sections) in Shenyang, northeast China, from which FA fractions were extracted and then determined via EEM fluorescence spectroscopy. According to optical indices, the autochthonous sources of sedimentary FA fractions in BR were more significant than the terrestrial sources. Among the sections, the contribution from autochthonous sources decreased in the following order: Rural > Urban > Town. Six components of sedimentary FA fractions were identified via EEM–PARAFAC: C1 comprised tryptophan-like (TRL) compounds; C2 was associated with microbial humic-like (MHL) compounds; C3, C4, and C5 were associated with FA-like (FAL) compounds; and C6 comprised humic acid-like (HAL) compounds. The proportion of sedimentary FA fractions decreased in the following order: MHL + FAL + HAL (humus, 77.37–88.90%) > TRL (protein, 11.10–22.63%) for the three sections, showing that humus dominated. The town section exhibited the highest sedimentary FA fractions (5328.87 ± 1315.82 Raman unit [R.U.]), followed by the urban (4146.49 ± 535.75 R.U.) and rural (2510.56 ± 611.00 R.U.) sections. Three pollution sources were determined via principal component analysis (i.e., the dominant industrial source, domestic wastewater, and agricultural effluent). Additionally, the results from 2D-COS revealed that sedimentary FA fractions tended to stabilize as the protein-like component was transformed into the HAL component. Furthermore, we used the structural equation model to validate the critical environmental variables affecting the FA fraction transformation. The results can elucidate the influences of human activities on the dynamics of sedimentary FA fractions in urban rivers.

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Van Damme, Paul André, Caroli Hamel, Alfredo Ayala e Lieven Bervoets. "Macroinvertebrate community response to acid mine drainage in rivers of the High Andes (Bolivia)". Environmental Pollution 156, n. 3 (dicembre 2008): 1061–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.018.

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36

Amaral, Luciana Cristina Mancio Gomes do, Jhonatas Rodrigues Barbosa, Kelly das Graças Fernandes Dantas, Elen Vanessa Costa da Silva, Consuelo Lúcia Sousa de Lima, Maria Regina Sarkis Peixoto Joele, Heloisa Helena Berredo Reis de Medeiros e Lúcia de Fátima Henriques Lourenço. "Risks and benefits associated with the consumption of three species of fish native to the Brazilian Amazon". OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, n. 7 (15 luglio 2024): e5822. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n7-166.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the Brazilian Amazon, fish is part of the diet and culture of the native population. With industrialization and the pollution of rivers, the number of cases of people contaminated by toxic pollutants present in fish has grown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze three species of fish from the Amazon, the curimatã, pescada-gó, and piramutaba, to investigate the risks and benefits associated with the consumption of their muscles and livers in different seasonal periods. The amino acid and fatty acid profiles were investigated by liquid and gas chromatography, respectively. The essential elements (Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, and Zn) were quantified by flame atomic emission spectrometry, and the contaminants lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) by flame atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace. Significant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were found in muscle and liver. The polyunsaturated acids were more present in the pescada-gó and the monounsaturated in the curimatã. Contaminants (Pb and Hg) were found at levels higher than the limit allowed by Brazilian legislation. The curimatã species contributed more than 131.79% of the Hg, exceeding the tolerable weekly limit, and is considered unfit for consumption. The study demonstrated that constant biomonitoring of species traded in the region is necessary to ensure food security.

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Li, Shuai, Lifeng Yu, Wanjun Jiang, Haoxuan Yu e Xinmin Wang. "The Recent Progress China Has Made in Green Mine Construction, Part I: Mining Groundwater Pollution and Sustainable Mining". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 9 (6 maggio 2022): 5673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095673.

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Abstract (sommario):

With the development of technology, the concepts of “green” and “sustainable” have gradually been popularized in all walks of life. With the continuous development of the world mining industry, the efficiency of resource development in various countries has been improved, but mining activities and production will undoubtedly bring many environmental pollution problems. As a mining power, China is one of the first countries to put forward the concept of “green mining”. Over the years, as people emphasize safety and environmental protection, green mining technology has become the hot topic. At the same time, groundwater pollution caused by mining has become the focus of China’s “green mine construction”: with the continuous development of mining, mining activities and production will also undoubtedly bring significant environmental pollution. The environmental pollution of the mined area has a vital influence on the surrounding environment. The pollutants mainly come from mining operations and production of the mineral processing industry, including process wastewater, gas waste, smelting slag, etc., which are all acidic. Acid mine drainage (AMD) occurs in the process of mining production, due to the structure of minerals and the complex reactions between oxygen and minerals, and results in heavy metal ions leaching into groundwater. Once the groundwater is polluted, it will slowly flow to the surrounding area, resulting in the migration and diffusion of pollutants in the groundwater, affecting the surrounding rivers, farmland, and drinking water for residents. In recent years, environmental damage caused by groundwater pollution from underground mines in Shijiazhuang, China, and Selangor, Malaysia, has had a negative impact on rivers, farmland, and human health. At the same time, the paper introduces many key technologies of green mine construction, such as the backfill mining method. In cooperation with China Road & Bridge Corporation, this paper also introduces the progress in the reuse of mining waste, especially the use of mining waste as aggregate to prepare concrete materials for road and bridge construction. This information article introduces the development status of green mine construction in China and briefly reviews the key technologies of green mine construction in China.

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Mahboob, Shahid, Khalid Abdullah Al-Ghanim, Fahad Al-Misned, Tehniat Shahid, Salma Sultana, Tayyaba Sultan, Bilal Hussain e Zubair Ahmed. "Impact of Water Pollution on Trophic Transfer of Fatty Acids in Fish, Microalgae, and Zoobenthos in the Food Web of a Freshwater Ecosystem". Biomolecules 9, n. 6 (14 giugno 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9060231.

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Abstract (sommario):

This research work was carried out to determine the effects of water contamination on the fatty acid (FA) profile of periphyton, zoobenthos, two Chinese carps and a common carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharygodon idella and Cyprinus carpio), captured from highly polluted (HP), less polluted (LP), and non-polluted (NP) sites of the Indus river. We found that the concentration of heavy metals in the river water from the polluted locations exceeded the permissible limits suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Fatty acid profiles in periphyton, zoobenthos, H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio in the food web of river ecosystems with different pollution levels were assessed. Lauric acid and arachidic acids were not detected in the biomass of periphyton and zoobenthos from HP and LP sites compared to NP sites. Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosadienoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid were not recorded in the biomass samples of periphyton and zoobenthos in both HP and LP sites. Caprylic acid, lauric acid, and arachidic acid were not found in H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio captured from HP. In this study, 6 and 9 omega series FAs were identified in the muscle samples of H. molitrix, C. idella and C. carpio captured from HP and LP sites compared to NP sites, respectively. Less polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in the muscle samples of H. molitrix, C. idella, and C. carpio collected from HP than from LP. The heavy metals showed significant negative correlations with the total FAs in periphyton, zoobenthos, and fish samples.

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39

Lund, Ole Peter, James G. Vaughan e Dhandapani Thirumurthi. "Impact of Acid Drainage Pollution from Mineralized Slate at Halifax Airport". Water Quality Research Journal 22, n. 2 (1 maggio 1987): 308–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.024.

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Abstract In January 1982, 224,000 m3 of excavated slate at the Halifax International Airport was placed at a disposal site situated in the watershed of the Salmon River. When acid drainage from the site was identified in June 1982, lime addition and settling (ponds) were initiated as treatment. Acid drainage continued into the watershed, contributing 250,000 kg of acidity (CaC03) annually. An environmental impact study was conducted to determine the effects of this loading on the Salmon River aquatic system. The study concluded that there was significant loading of acidity and heavy metals. The lowering of pH from 4.6-5.2 to 3.8-4.6, combined with aluminum concentrations of 0.3-0.5 mg/l, had adverse physiological effects on fish in two lakes.

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40

Takazawa, Y., T. Nishino, Y. Sasaki, H. Yamashita, N. Suzuki, K. Tanabe e Y. Shibata. "Occurrence and Distribution of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate and Perfluorooctanoic Acid in the Rivers of Tokyo". Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 202, n. 1-4 (16 gennaio 2009): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9958-7.

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41

Clair, Thomas A., e James M. Ehrman. "Acid precipitation-related chemical trends in 18 rivers of atlantic Canada ? 1983 to 1992". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 35, n. 2 (aprile 1995): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633713.

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42

Nikulin, I. A., e O. S. Popova. "Assessment of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk region". International Journal of Veterinary Medicine, n. 1 (20 giugno 2023): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2023.1.160.

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The characteristics of the state of the ecosystem of the Lipetsk Region are presented on the basis of official statistical reporting by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Lipetsk Region, the Lipetsk Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring - a branch of the Central Chernozem UGMS, the Department of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Lipetsk Region. Environmental problems of the Lipetsk region are associated with pollution of atmospheric air,drinking water, soil, and food products by toxic substances. Sources of environmental pollution are ferrous metallurgy, chemical industry, motor vehicles, agricultural production, including livestock. Anthropogenic anomalies of the habitat are becoming one of the main causes of veterinary problems in modern animal husbandry. The purpose of the study: to assess the state of the ecosystem of the territory of the Lipetsk region, including monitoring of surface watercourses in the area of the city of Lipetsk: the rivers Matyra, Voronezh, Lipovka and the Matyr reservoir. For the analysis of water sources for heavy metal contamination with an atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal authorization "MGA-1000". Sampling of natural water was carried out according to GOST 17.1.5.05-85. The volume of the sample taken was 250 ml, the filtrate was preserved with nitric acid. Statistical processing of analytical data was carried out by conventional methods.Up to 90% of emissions of harmful substances from stationary and mobile sources of pollution are accumulated by soil, from where toxins migrate into water and plants. The content of zinc slightly exceeded the maximum permissible level in 35% of the selected samples, %, manganese - in 32% and aluminum - in 34% of the selected samples. So the highest content of iron and lead was recorded in the river. Voronezh and in the region of Lipetsk, exceeding the MPC by 1.5 times. To a lesser extent, increases in MPC r. Matyr and Matyr-sky reservoir.

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Wang, Shiliang, Xuezhi Cao, Hui Zhang, Yuewei Yang e Min Zhang. "Oxidative conversion of potential perfluoroalkyl acid precursors in Jiaozhou Bay and nearby rivers and sewage treatment plant effluent in China". Marine Pollution Bulletin 136 (novembre 2018): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.09.045.

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44

Ribnikova, Liudmila, e Vera Navolokina. "Analysis and Feasibility of Measures to Minimize the Impact of Acid Mine Waters Discharged by Abandoned Copper-Sulphide Mines on Hydrosphere of the Tagil River". E3S Web of Conferences 177 (2020): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017704009.

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Mass closure of copper-sulphide mining sites both in the Sverdlovsk Region and worldwide resulted in the emergence of environmental challenges. One of such challenges is generation and discharge of acid mine waters. Manmade and natural factors have their impact on chemical composition of mine waters due to activation of sulphides oxidation processes taking place in disturbed rock mass and mines. Concentrations of components in treated mine waters are much higher than MAC (dozens and hundreds of times for iron, copper and zinc). That results in pollution of hydrosphere which goes on for decades and spreads over large distances along rivers. Quite a few reasons cause environmental degradation of hydrosphere in old industrial districts. These are baseline amounts of metals in the hydrosphere, low rates of self-rehabilitation of dead pits, high amounts of acid waters, high amounts of contaminants in mine waters, imperfection of treatment systems. Given the demand of mine waters treatment over decades, improvement of existing treatment systems and implementation of new technologies are required.

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Inoue, Daisuke, Koki Nakama, Kazuko Sawada, Taro Watanabe, Mai Takagi, Kazunari Sei, Min Yang et al. "Contamination with retinoic acid receptor agonists in two rivers in the Kinki region of Japan". Water Research 44, n. 8 (aprile 2010): 2409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.01.005.

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46

Wang, Gehui, Xiaolong Wang, Zhenni Xing, Jianjiang Lu, Qigang Chang e Yanbin Tong. "Occurrence and distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in three major rivers of Xinjiang, China". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, n. 27 (29 luglio 2019): 28062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05770-2.

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47

Parrish, Donna L., Robert J. Behnke, Stephen R. Gephard, Stephen D. McCormick e Gordon H. Reeves. "Why aren't there more Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, S1 (1 gennaio 1998): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/d98-012.

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Numbers of wild anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have declined demonstrably throughout their native range. The current status of runs on rivers historically supporting salmon indicate widespread declines and extirpations in Europe and North America primarily in southern portions of the range. Many of these declines or extirpations can be attributed to the construction of mainstem dams, pollution (including acid rain), and total dewatering of streams. Purported effects on declines during the 1960s through the 1990s include overfishing, and more recently, changing ocean conditions, and intensive aquaculture. Most factors affecting salmon numbers do not act singly, but rather in concert, which masks the relative contribution of each factor. Salmon researchers and managers should not look for a single culprit in declining numbers of salmon, but rather, seek solutions through rigorous data gathering and testing of multiple effects integrated across space and time.

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Saragih, G. M., Hadrah Hadrah e Ekki Prayoga. "Analisis Pengaruh Limbah Domestik terhadap Kualitas Air Anak Sungai Asam". Jurnal Daur Lingkungan 5, n. 2 (1 settembre 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/daurling.v5i2.115.

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The Asam River is one of the tributaries located along the RT 15 area of Paal V Village, the Asam River crossing the residential area of this river has the potential to be polluted by domestic waste. Based on data on the water quality of the Asam River according to the Jambi City Environmental Service in 2020, the water quality of the Asam River has exceeded the surface water quality standard on the parameters of TSS, turbidity, pH, BOD, COD and ammonia. The purpose of the study was to determine the disposal of domestic wastewater and to determine the quality status of the acid river in terms of the pollution index method and to know the plan for controlling the pollution of the acid river with the influence of domestic waste. Based on the calculation of the status of the Asam River water quality, which was determined using the Pollution Index (IP) method, the points AP-1 (Upstream) and AP-2 (Downstream) were in a “Lightly Polluted” condition. This is because the results of the ammonia and turbidity parameter tests at the AP-1 (Upstream) and AP-2 (Downstream) points that exceed the established quality standards. Efforts to control river pollution can be carried out by making riparian buffer strips or planting vegetation on the banks of the Asam River. , the manufacture of communal WWTPs in every existing sub-district along the Asam River and tightening of wastewater quality standards for industrial and domestic activities which must not exceed the water quality standard according to its class.

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Shammi, Tahmina, e Sangita Ahmed. "Heavy Metal Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacillus spp. Isolated from Two Major Rivers in Bangladesh". Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 30, n. 1-2 (25 giugno 2016): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v30i1-2.28448.

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Pollution of the environment with toxic heavy metals is spreading throughout the world along with industrial progress. Removal of these toxic heavy metals by using bacteria has achieved growing attention in recent years. The present study focuses on isolation of lead and chromium tolerant Bacillus spp., from the Buriganga and the Shitalkhya, the two major rivers surrounding Dhaka. A total of 25 Bacillus spp. isolates tolerant to 50 ppm lead and chromium were preliminarily identified based on morphological and biochemical analysis. Further investigation revealed that all isolates were also able to grow at 1000 ppm lead and 400 ppm chromium, while tolerance to 1500 ppm lead and 500 ppm chromium was observed among 48% and 76% isolates, respectively. All isolates were also able to grow at 50 ppm copper and 50 ppm zinc, while 72% grew at 100 ppm copper. The heavy metal tolerant Bacillus spp were also multi drug resistant and showed resistance to Tetracycline (100%), Ceftazidime (100%), Ceftriaxone (100%), Ampicillin (28%) and Nalidixic acid (24%).Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 30, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2013, pp 17-22

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Kinna, Rémy. "Non-discrimination and liability for transboundary acid mine drainage pollution of South Africa’s rivers: could the UN Watercourses Convention open Pandora’s mine?" Water International 41, n. 3 (2 marzo 2016): 371–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508060.2016.1153302.

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