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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 25 maggio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

Paventi, Martino, Francis L. Chubb e John T. Edward. "Assisted hydrolysis of the nitrile group of 2-aminoadamantane-2-carbonitrile". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, n. 9 (1 settembre 1987): 2114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-351.

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Attempts to hydrolyse the nitrile group of 2-aminoadamantane-2-carbonitrile by mineral acid or alkali have been unsuccessful. However, treatment of the aminonitrile with benzaldehyde in alkaline solution gives the benzal derivative of the α-aminoamide, readily hydrolysed to the α-aminoamide. Alternatively, benzoylation of the amino group followed by acid hydrolysis gives successively the α-benzamido acid and the α-amino acid. Possible mechanisms for these facilitated hydrolyses are advanced.

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2

Kurbanova, Marina, e Svetlana Maslennikova. "Acid Hydrolysis of Casein". Foods and Raw Materials 2, n. 1 (26 maggio 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4124.

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3

Thanh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi. "INFLUENCES OF TECHOLOGICAL HYDROLYSIS CONDITION ON NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF SPENT BREWER’S YEAST HYDROLYSATE". Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 55, n. 5A (24 marzo 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12192.

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Currently, with the strong increasing of the brewing industry output, the consequencing amount of yeast residue is very large. Utilizing a large source of protein from brewers yeast to produce hydrolysed products using protease as food and food additives has a high real-life benefit. However, one limitation in the use of yeast and hydrolysis products is that the amount of nucleic acid in the yeast in particular and in the microbial cells is generally high. Nucleic acid is abundant in food that causes gout in humans and animals. There are many methods for reducing or separating nucleic acids in hydrolysed products such as extracellular ribonuclease enzymes, chemical agents, thermal shock and autolysis. Use extracellular ribonuclease enzyme for hydrolysis of nucleic acid gives good efficiency, but with high production cost. Chemical agents affect the quality of the hydrolysed products used in the food industry. There have been many good-efficiency studies using heat shock and autolysis to reduce the amount of nucleic acid in the hydrolysate. However, no research has been conducted to reduce the amount of nucleic acid by hydrolysis techniques. In this paper, we investigated the effects of heat shock, autolysis and hydrolysis techniques (batch, continuous overflow and continuous circulation) of brewery yeast protein to nucleic acid content in yeast hydrolysate. The results showed that the content of nucleic acid in the hydrolysate (with a concentration of 55 % dry matter) was the smallest. Under normal hydrolysis conditions, the nucleic acid content was 8.7 g / kg and when there was a heat shock+ autolysis, it decreased to 6.34 g/kg. After optimizing the hydrolysis conditions, the nucleic acid content of the hydrolysate was reduced to 5.41g/kg on continuous hydrolysis system.

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4

Hendriks, W. H., M. F. Tarttelin e P. J. Moughan. "The amino acid composition of cat (Felis catus) hair". Animal Science 67, n. 1 (agosto 1998): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800009905.

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AbstractThe amino acid composition of cat hair was determined by conventional 24-h acid hydrolysis and non-linear least-squares extrapolation to time zero of the amino acid composition data from a series of hydrolysis intervals. Twenty-five individual samples of cat hair, consisting of four colours, were also analysed (24-h hydrolysis) to determine if there was an effect of hair colour on amino acid composition. Amino acids were determined following HCl hydrolysis (6 mol/l) with cysteine and methionine determined by performic acid oxidation of the sample prior to hydrolysis.There was no significant (P > 0·05) effect of hair colour on the amino acid composition of cat hair. The non-linear compartmental model used to determine the amino acid composition of cat hair took into account the simultaneously occurring processes of hydrolysis and degradation of amino acids over time. The amino acids cysteic acid, methionine-sulphone, threonine and serine exhibited high loss rates during 6 molll HCl hydrolysis while the peptide bonds involving valine and leucine were slowly hydrolysed. Amino acid nitrogen accounted for 0·94 of the total nitrogen in cat hair when determined by conventional 24-h hydrolysis and 0·99 of the total nitrogen when the compartmental model was applied. The average nitrogen proportion in cat hair protein was found to be 0·175. The amino acid composition of cat hair protein is comparable with that of dog, horse, sheep and human hair although the proline content of cat hair protein appears to be lower than that in the other species.

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5

Pęksa, A., e J. Miedzianka. "Amino acid composition of enzymatically hydrolysed potato protein preparations". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 3 (11 giugno 2014): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/286/2013-cjfs.

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We determine the effects of the technology of obtaining potato protein preparation and of different variants of enzymatic hydrolysis on the chemical and amino acid compositions of the hydrolysates obtained. Potato protein concentrates obtained through their thermal coagulation in potato juice with calcium chloride, calcium lactate or without salt addition were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using two commercial hydrolytic enzymes: endopeptidase (Alcalase) and exopeptidase (Flavourzyme). Chemical (contents of ash, total and coagulable protein) and amino acid compositions of the hydrolysates obtained were determined. On the ground of the findings it was stated that the type of potato protein preparation used and conditions of enzymatic modification influenced on the properties of the hydrolysates obtained. Preparations obtained during the study were characterised by similar chemical and amino acid compositions, whereas the preparation obtained through thermal coagulation with the use of calcium lactate contained insignificantly more protein and essential amino acids. The least liable to enzymatic hydrolysis was the preparation obtained by using calcium chloride, particularly when only endopeptidase was used. The application of endopeptidase enzyme enabled to obtain 60% of proteolysis efficiency and the addition of the second enzyme (exopeptidase) to the protein solution insignificantly increased the proteolysis efficiency (to ca 70%), mainly when the preparation coagulated with the use of calcium chloride was hydrolysed. Proteolysis of the protein preparations obtained with the use of two enzymes was more favourable, particularly due to the quantity of free amino acids in and amino acids composition of the hydrolysates. 

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6

Lü, F., P. J. He, L. P. Hao e L. M. Shao. "Impact of recycled effluent on the hydrolysis during anaerobic digestion of vegetable and flower waste". Water Science and Technology 58, n. 8 (1 ottobre 2008): 1637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.511.

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Two trials were established to investigate the effect of recycled effluent on hydrolysis during anaerobic co-digestion of vegetable and flower waste. Trial I evaluated the effect by regulating the flow rate of recycled effluent, while Trial II regulated the ratio of hydrolytic effluent to methanogenic effluent, which were recycled to hydrolysis reactor. Results showed that the recirculation of methanogenic effluent could enhance the buffer capability and operation stability of hydrolysis reactor. Higher recycled flow rate was favourable for microbial anabolism and further promoted hydrolysis. After 9 days of hydrolysis, the cumulative SCOD in the hydrolytic effluent reached 334, 407, 413, 581 mg/g at recycled flow rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 m3/(m3·d), respectively. It was feasible to recycling a mixture of hydrolytic and methanogenic effluent to the hydrolysis reactor. This research showed that partially introducing hydrolytic effluent into the recycled liquid could enhance hydrolysis, while excessive recirculation of hydrolytic effluent will inhibit the hydrolysis. The flow ratio 1:3 of hydrolytic to methanogenic effluent was found to provide the highest hydrolysis efficiency and degradation rate of lignocelluloses-type biomass, among four ratios of 0:1, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1. Under this regime, after 9 days of hydrolysis, the cumulative TOC and TN in the hydrolytic effluent reached 162 mg/g and 15 mg/g, the removal efficiency of TS, VS, C and cellulose in the solid phase were 60.66%, 62.88%, 58.35% and 49.12%, respectively. The flow ratio affected fermentation pathways, i.e. lower ratio favoured propionic acid fermentation and the generation of lactic acid while higher ratio promoted butyric acid fermentation.

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7

Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., W. Irene C. Rijpstra, Ellen C. Hopmans, Johan W. H. Weijers, Bärbel U. Foesel, Jörg Overmann e Svetlana N. Dedysh. "13,16-Dimethyl Octacosanedioic Acid (iso-Diabolic Acid), a Common Membrane-Spanning Lipid of Acidobacteria Subdivisions 1 and 3". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, n. 12 (22 aprile 2011): 4147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00466-11.

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ABSTRACTThe distribution of membrane lipids of 17 different strains representing 13 species of subdivisions 1 and 3 of the phylumAcidobacteria, a highly diverse phylum of theBacteria, were examined by hydrolysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-MS of intact polar lipids. Upon both acid and base hydrolyses of total cell material, the uncommon membrane-spanning lipid 13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid (iso-diabolic acid) was released in substantial amounts (22 to 43% of the total fatty acids) from all of the acidobacteria studied. This lipid has previously been encountered only in thermophilicThermoanaerobacterspecies but bears a structural resemblance to the alkyl chains of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) that occur ubiquitously in peat and soil and are suspected to be produced by acidobacteria. As reported previously, most species also containediso-C15and C16:1ω7Cas major fatty acids but the presence ofiso-diabolic acid was unnoticed in previous studies, most probably because the complex lipid that contained this moiety was not extractable from the cells; it could only be released by hydrolysis. Direct analysis of intact polar lipids in the Bligh-Dyer extract of three acidobacterial strains, indeed, did not reveal any membrane-spanning lipids containingiso-diabolic acid. In 3 of the 17 strains, ether-boundiso-diabolic acid was detected after hydrolysis of the cells, including one branched GDGT containingiso-diabolic acid-derived alkyl chains. Since the GDGT distribution in soils is much more complex, branched GDGTs in soil likely also originate from other (acido)bacteria capable of biosynthesizing these components.

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8

Zhuang, Jun Ping, Lu Lin, Chun Sheng Pang e Ying Liu. "Hydrolysis Kinetics of Wheat Straw in Saturated Formic Acid / 4% Hydrochloric Acid Solution". Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (maggio 2011): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.138.

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Lignocellulosic materials are regarded as an alternative energy source for bioethanol production to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Pretreatment is an essential step in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and subsequent production of bioethanol. Adding formic acid with catalyst dosage (4%) in saturated formic acid will be good for cellulose degradation and glucose production; when the cellulose hydrolyses to glucose, the glucose degrades simultaneously. Kinetic models can have practical applications for the optimization of the process and performance analysis, or economic estimations, so investigate the wheat straw hydrolysis kinetics is necessary. In this paper, effects of temperature and time on wheat straw hydrolysis in saturated formic acid with 4% hydrochloric acid solution reaction kinetics have been investigated. The results showed that the hydrolysis velocities of wheat straw were 0.0190 h−1at 60 °C, 0.0325 h−1at 65 °C, 0.0683 h−1at 70 °C and 0.0931 at 75 °C. The degradation velocities of glucose were 0.0285 h−1at 55 °C, 0.0448 h−1at 65 °C, 0.1098 h−1at 70°C and 0.1436 h−1at 75 °C. The activation energy of wheat straw hydrolysis was 106.35kJ/mol, and the activation energy of glucose degradation was 111.00kJ/mol.

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9

Freeman, Stuart J., Prema Shankaran, Leonhard S. Wolfe e John W. Callahan. "Phosphatidylcholine and 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphorylcholine hydrolysis by purified placental sphingomyelinase". Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, n. 4 (1 aprile 1985): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-040.

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We present evidence which indicates that highly purified placental acid sphingomyelinase hydrolyses [14C]phosphatidylcholine ([14C]PC) and the synthetic phosphodiester 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphorylcholine (4-MUPC). Hydrolysis was achieved by phospholipase C phosphodiesterase action. Of the several detergents tested, sodium taurocholate alone was necessary for PC hydrolysis, while 4-MUPC was hydrolysed independent of any detergent requirement. The pH optima for the reactions were 4.6–4.8 for PC hydrolysis and 4.8–5.0 for 4-MUPC hydrolysis. As with sphingomyelin hydrolysis, degradation of both PC and 4-MUPC was inhibited by 5′-, 3′-, and 2′-AMP, 5′-AMP being the most effective of the three. Furthermore, the phosphodiesterase activity against PC and 4-MUPC copurified with sphingomyelinase from human placenta and cross-reacted with a specific anti-sphingomyelinase monoclonal antibody, strongly indicating identity of the phosphodiesterases. This explains phospholipase C deficiency in sphingomyelinase-deficient Niemann-Pick disease cells.

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10

Loh, Zhi Hung, Natasha L. Hungerford, Diane Ouwerkerk, Athol V. Klieve e Mary T. Fletcher. "Identification of Acid Hydrolysis Metabolites of the Pimelea Toxin Simplexin for Targeted UPLC-MS/MS Analysis". Toxins 15, n. 9 (5 settembre 2023): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15090551.

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Pimelea poisoning of cattle is a unique Australian toxic condition caused by the daphnane orthoester simplexin present in native Pimelea pasture plants. Rumen microorganisms have been proposed to metabolise simplexin by enzymatic reactions, likely at the orthoester and epoxide moieties of simplexin, but a metabolic pathway has not been confirmed. This study aimed to investigate this metabolic pathway through the analysis of putative simplexin metabolites. Purified simplexin was hydrolysed with aqueous hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid to produce target metabolites for UPLC-MS/MS analysis of fermentation fluid samples, bacterial isolate samples, and other biological samples. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified predicted hydrolysed products from both acid hydrolysis procedures with MS breakdown of these putative products sharing high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM) fragmentation ions with simplexin. However, targeted UPLC-MS/MS analysis of the biological samples failed to detect the H2SO4 degradation products, suggesting that the rumen microorganisms were unable to produce similar simplexin degradation products at detectable levels, or that metabolites, once formed, were further metabolised. Overall, in vitro acid hydrolysis was able to hydrolyse simplexin at the orthoester and epoxide functionalities, but targeted UPLC-MS/MS analysis of biological samples did not detect any of the identified simplexin hydrolysis products.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

Burton, Russell J. "Mild acid hydrolysis of wood". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1986. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27345.

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2

Peña, Duque Leidy Eugenia. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for biomass hydrolysis". Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16800.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Donghai Wang
Cellulosic ethanol is a renewable source of energy. Lignocellulosic biomass is a complex material composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Biomass pretreatment is a required step to make sugar polymers liable to hydrolysis. Mineral acids are commonly used for biomass pretreatment. Using acid catalysts that can be recovered and reused could make the process economically more attractive. The overall goal of this dissertation is the development of a recyclable nanocatalyst for the hydrolysis of biomass sugars. Cobalt iron oxide nanoparticles (CoFe[superscript]2O[subscript]4) were synthesized to provide a magnetic core that could be separated from reaction using a magnetic field and modified to carry acid functional groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystal structure was that of cobalt spinel ferrite. CoFe[superscript]2O[superscript]4 were covered with silica which served as linker for the acid functions. Silica-coated nanoparticles were functionalized with three different acid functions: perfluoropropyl-sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and propyl-sulfonic acid. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were analyzed to obtain particle size distributions of the nanoparticles. Total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were quantified using an elemental analyzer. Fourier transform infra-red spectra confirmed the presence of sulfonic and carboxylic acid functions and ion-exchange titrations accounted for the total amount of catalytic acid sites per nanoparticle mass. These nanoparticles were evaluated for their performance to hydrolyze the β-1,4 glycosidic bond of the cellobiose molecule. Propyl-sulfonic (PS) and perfluoropropyl-sulfonic (PFS) acid functionalized nanoparticles catalyzed the hydrolysis of cellobiose significantly better than the control. PS and PFS were also evaluated for their capacity to solubilize wheat straw hemicelluloses and performed better than the control. Although PFS nanoparticles were stronger acid catalysts, the acid functions leached out of the nanoparticle during the catalytic reactions. PS nanoparticles were further evaluated for the pretreatment of corn stover in order to increase digestibility of the biomass. The pretreatment was carried out at three different catalyst load and temperature levels. At 180°C, the total glucose yield was linearly correlated to the catalyst load. A maximum glucose yield of 90% and 58% of the hemicellulose sugars were obtained at this temperature.

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3

Dolmetsch, Troy R. "Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalysis of Cellulose Hydrolysis". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/413.

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Renewable sources such as cellulose derived biofuels are sought after in order to replace fossil fuel sources that are currently used to meet energy demands. Cellulose is a biological polymer composed of a chain of glucose molecules. Hydrolysis of cellulosic materials then has potential to serve as a source of renewable energy in the form of biofuels. The crystalline structure of cellulose is very stable, and current methods of catalyzed hydrolysis are inefficient for industrial application. This project explores the use of phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) in water to catalyze hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. Temperature of hydrolysis was varied from 40 °C – 100 °C. The amount of soluble hydrolysis product was determined through wet oxidative total organic carbon analysis using a Hach method kit. Total organic carbon content is compared between equimolar amounts of PMA and sulfuric acid, the current industry preference. The yield of total organic carbon in parts per thousand (ppt) is directly correlated to increasing temperatures. Across these temperatures, PMA is more efficient than sulfuric acid in hydrolysis of cellulosic materials. Work is ongoing for glucose-specific product detection as well as evaluating the recyclability of the catalyst.

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4

Kupiainen, L. (Laura). "Dilute acid catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose – extension to formic acid". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200033.

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Abstract New methods are being sought for the production of chemicals, fuels and energy from renewable biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be converted to their building blocks, i.e. sugars, via hydrolysis. This thesis is focused on glucose production from cellulose by dilute acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis has the drawback of limited glucose yields, but it has the potential to become a short-term solution for biochemical production. During acid hydrolysis, the cellulose chain is split into glucose, which undergoes further decomposition reactions to hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, formic acid and by-products like insoluble humins. The present thesis aims to increase our knowledge on complicated acid-catalysed hydrolysis of cellulose. Glucose decomposition and cellulose hydrolysis were studied independently in laboratory experiments. Kinetic modelling was used as a tool to evaluate the results. The effect of the hydrogen ion on the reactions was evaluated using formic or sulphuric acid as a catalyst. This thesis provides new knowledge of cellulose hydrolysis and glucose decomposition in formic acid, a novel catalyst for high-temperature dilute acid hydrolysis. Glucose yields from cellulose hydrolysed in formic or in sulphuric acid were comparable, indicating that a weak organic acid could function as a cellulose hydrolysis catalyst. Biomass fibres in the form of wheat straw pulp were hydrolysed more selectively to glucose than a model component, microcrystalline cellulose, using formic acid. Glucose decomposition took place similarly in formic and sulphuric acid when the temperature dependence of the hydrogen ion concentration was taken into account, but a significant difference was found between the reaction rates of cellulose hydrolysis in formic acid and in sulphuric acid. The observations can be explained by changes in the cellulose hydrolysis mechanism. Thus, it is proposed in this thesis that side-reactions from cellulose to non-glucose compounds have a more significant role in the system than has earlier been understood
Tiivistelmä Uusia menetelmiä etsitään kemikaalien, polttoaineiden ja energian valmistamiseen uusiutuvasta biomassasta. Eräs biomassa, ns. lignoselluloosa, koostuu pääasiassa selluloosasta, hemiselluloosasta ja ligniinistä. Selluloosa ja hemiselluloosa voidaan muuttaa hydrolyysin avulla niiden rakennuspalikoikseen eli sokereiksi. Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy glukoosin tuottamiseen selluloosasta laimean happohydrolyysin menetelmällä. Happohydrolyysi kärsii rajoittuneesta glukoosin saannosta, mutta sillä on potentiaalia tulla lyhyen aikavälin ratkaisuksi biokemikaalien tuotannossa. Happohydrolyysin aikana selluloosaketju pilkkoutuu glukoosiksi, joka reagoi edelleen hajoamisreaktioiden kautta hydroksimetyylifurfuraaliksi, levuliini- ja muurahaishapoiksi ja kiinteäksi sivutuotteeksi. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kasvattaa ymmärrystämme monimutkaisesta happokatalysoidusta selluloosan hydrolyysistä. Glukoosin hajoamista ja selluloosan hydrolyysiä tutkittiin erikseen laboratoriokokein. Kineettistä mallinnusta käytettiin työkaluna arvioimaan tuloksia. Vety-ionien vaikutus reaktioihin arvioitiin käyttämällä muurahais- ja rikkihappoja katalyytteinä. Tämä väitöskirja antaa uutta tietoa selluloosan hydrolyysistä ja glukoosin hajoamisreaktioista muurahaishapossa, joka on uusi katalyytti korkean lämpötilan laimean hapon hydrolyysissä. Glukoosisaannot muurahaishappo-hydrolysoidusta selluloosasta olivat vertailukelpoisia vastaaviin rikkihappo-hydrolyysi saantoihin. Tämä viittaa siihen, että heikko orgaaninen happo voisi toimia selluloosahydrolyysin katalyyttinä. Kun katalyyttinä käytettiin muurahaishappoa, vehnän oljesta tehdyt kuidut hydrolysoituivat selektiivisemmin glukoosiksi kuin mallikomponenttina toimineen mikrokiteisen selluloosan. Kun vetyionikonsentraation lämpötilariippuvuus otettiin huomioon, glukoosi hajosi samalla tavalla sekä muurahais- että rikkihappokatalyytissä, mutta merkittävä ero havaittiin selluloosahydrolyysin reaktionopeudessa. Havainnot voidaan selittää selluloosahydrolyysin mekanismissa tapahtuvilla muutoksilla. Väitöskirjassa esitetään, että sivureaktioilla selluloosasta ei-glukoosi-tuotteiksi on merkittävä vaikutus systeemiin

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5

Orozco, Angela Maria. "Dilute acid hydrolysis of municipal solid waste using phosphoric acid". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501392.

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6

Hartley, James Holroyd. "Saccharide accelerated hydrolysis of boronic acid imines". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369335.

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7

Peña, Duque Leidy E. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2201.

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Master of Science
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering
Donghai Wang
Acid catalysts have been successfully used for pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to improve sugar recovery and its later conversion to ethanol. However, use of acid requires a considerable equipment investment as well as disposal of residues. Acid-functionalized nanoparticles were synthesized for pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to increase conversion efficiency at mild conditions. Advantages of using acid-functionalized metal nanoparticles are not only the acidic properties to catalyze hydrolysis and being small enough to penetrate into the lignocellulosic structure, but also being easily separable from hydrolysis residues by using a strong magnetic field. Cobalt spinel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using a microemulsion method and then covered with a layer of silica to protect them from oxidation. The silanol groups of the silica serve as the support of the sulfonic acid groups that were later attached to the surface of the nanoparticles. TEM images and FTIR methods were used to characterize the properties of acid-functionalized nanoparticles in terms of nanoparticle size, presence of sulfonic acid functional groups, and pH as an indicator of acid sites present. Citric acid-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were also synthesized and evaluated. Wheat straw and wood fiber samples were treated with the acid supported nanoparticles at 80°C for 24 h to hydrolyze their hemicellulose fraction to sugars. Further hydrolysis of the liquid fraction was carried out to account for the amount of total solubilized sugars. HPLC was used to determine the total amount of sugars obtained in the aqueous solution. The perfluroalkyl-sulfonic acid functional groups from the magnetic nanoparticles yielded significantly higher amounts of oligosaccharides from wood and wheat straw samples than the alkyl-sulfonic acid functional groups did. More stable fluorosulfonic acid functionalized nanoparticles can potentially work as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials.

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8

Pena, Duque Leidy E. "Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for hydrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstocks". Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2201.

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9

Yusoff, M. I. "The acid-catalysed hydrolysis of some mesoionic heterocyclic compounds". Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234173.

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10

Patel, Manisha. "Pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and acid hydrolysis residues". Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19567/.

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This research was carried for an EC supported project that aimed to produce ethyl levulinate as a diesel miscible biofuel from biomass by acid hydrolysis. The objective of this research was to explore thermal conversion technologies to recover further diesel miscible biofuels and/or other valuable products from the remaining solid acid hydrolysis residues (AHR). AHR consists of mainly lignin and humins and contains up to 80% of the original energy in the biomass. Fast pyrolysis and pyrolytic gasification of this low volatile content AHR was unsuccessful. However, successful air gasification of AHR gave a low heating value gas for use in engines for power or heat with the aim of producing all the utility requirements in any commercial implementation of the ethyl levulinate production process. In addition, successful fast pyrolysis of the original biomass gave organic liquid yields of up to 63.9 wt.% (dry feed basis) comparable to results achieved using a standard hardwood. The fast pyrolysis liquid can be used as a fuel or upgraded to biofuels. A novel molybdenum carbide catalyst was tested in fast pyrolysis to explore the potential for upgrading. Although there was no deoxygenation, some bio-oil properties were improved including viscosity, pH and homogeneity through decreasing sugars and increasing furanics and phenolics. AHR gasification was explored in a batch gasifier with a comparison with the original biomass. Refractory and low volatile content AHR gave relatively low gas yields (74.21 wt.%), low tar yields (5.27 wt.%) and high solid yields (20.52 wt.%). Air gasification gave gas heating values of around 5MJ/NM3, which is a typical value, but limitations of the equipment available restricted the extent of process and product analysis. In order to improve robustness of AHR powder for screw feeding into gasifiers, a new densification technique was developed based on mixing powder with bio-oil and curing the mixture at 150°C to polymerise the bio-oil.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

Hartley, James Holroyd. Saccharide accelerated hydrolysis of boronic acid imines. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2000.

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2

Vecil, Giacomo G. Pharmacological characterization of excitatory amino acid-induced polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.

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3

F, Harris John, e Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood: An investigation of fundamentals. [Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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4

Zerbe, John I. Investigation of fundamentals of two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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Zerbe, John I. Investigation of fundamentals of two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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6

Brenner, Walter. High temperature dilute acid hydrolysis of waste cellulose: Batch and continuous processes. Cincinnati, OH: Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986.

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7

Zerbe, John I. Investigation of fundamentals of two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood. [Madison, Wis.?: Forest Products Laboratory, 1988.

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8

1940-, Harris John Frank, e Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood: An investigation of fundamentals. [Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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9

1940-, Harris John Frank, e Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood: An investigation of fundamentals. [Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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1940-, Harris John Frank, e Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood: An investigation of fundamentals. [Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

Dörr, Mark. "Acid Hydrolysis". In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 37–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_21.

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Dörr, Mark. "Acid Hydrolysis". In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_21.

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Dörr, Mark. "Acid Hydrolysis". In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_21-2.

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Dörr, Mark. "Acid Hydrolysis". In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65093-6_21.

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5

Fan, Liang-tseng, Mahendra Moreshwar Gharpuray e Yong-Hyun Lee. "Acid Hydrolysis of Cellulose". In Cellulose Hydrolysis, 121–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72575-3_4.

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Nguyen, Quang A., Melvin P. Tucker, Fred A. Keller, Delicia A. Beaty, Kevin M. Connors e Fannie P. Eddy. "Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Softwoods". In Twentieth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 133–42. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1604-9_13.

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Slakey, L. L. "Extracellular Nucleotide Hydrolysis and Integration of Signalling". In Biochemistry of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism, 323–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2597-0_20.

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Guo, Qingbin, Lianzhong Ai e Steve W. Cui. "Partial Acid Hydrolysis and Molecular Degradation". In SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science, 37–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96370-9_5.

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Penner, Michael H., Andrew G. Hashimoto, Alireza Esteghlalian e John J. Fenske. "Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Materials". In ACS Symposium Series, 12–31. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0647.ch002.

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Lee, Y. Y., Prashant Iyer e R. W. Torget. "Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass". In Recent Progress in Bioconversion of Lignocellulosics, 93–115. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-49194-5_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

M Soleimani, L Tabil, S Panigrahi e B Crerar. "Kinetics of Acid-Catalyzed Hemicellulose Hydrolysis". In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27364.

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Zhang, Qin, Yanbin Li, Jingjing Li e Chunmei Ma. "Dilute acid hydrolysis of cotton stalks and ethanol production from hydrolytic liquids". In Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930852.

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Leidy Peña, Donghai Wang, Keit Hohn, Milles Ikenberry e Dan Boyle. "Acid Functionalized Nanoparticles for Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Feedstocks". In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27249.

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Tarigan, Ayu Syufiatun, Basuki Wirjosentono, Cut Fatimah Zuhra e Zulnazri. "Preparation of low crystallinity nanocellulose using acid hydrolysis". In THE II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “INDUSTRIAL AND CIVIL CONSTRUCTION 2022”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136122.

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Yuangsawad, Ratanaporn, Sarawut Sinpichai, Arunrot Sukra e Duangkamol Na-Ranong. "Free sterols from acid hydrolysis of steryl glucosides". In 2021 6th International Conference on Business and Industrial Research (ICBIR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbir52339.2021.9465867.

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Yazdani, Parviz, Keikhosro Karimi e Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. "Improvement of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of A Marine Macro-Alga by Dilute Acid Hydrolysis Pretreatment". In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp11057186.

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Andersson, Sanna, Mari Lähde, Satu Mikkola, Gareth Morris, Alicja Stachelska, Satu Valakoski e Nicholas H. Williams. "Metal ion-promoted hydrolysis of mRNA 5'-cap models". In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205373.

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Popa, Emil, Tudorel Balau Mindru, Melinda Pruneanu e Stelian Sergiu Maier. "Studies on the Acid Hydrolysis of Chamois Leather Wastes". In The 6th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Division: Leather and Footwear Research Institute, Bucharest, RO, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2016.iv.11.

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9

Chao, Chung-Hsing, Tien-Chien Jen e Yen-Hsi Ho. "Analysis and Experiment on Dynamic Prediction in Magnesium Hydride Hydrolysis as Hydrogen Generator". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62502.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this paper, analysis and experimental verification for dynamic modeling of an acid-catalyzed magnesium hydride hydrolysis was used to predict the hydrogen generation yield, rate, and gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity. The result shows that the ratio citric acid to magnesium hydride, the geometric forms of MgH2, and the water handling are crucial to this reaction, while the higher temperatures tend to have faster rates of reactions. Furthermore, the zero-order prediction gives a good result only at a relatively low citric acid to magnesium hydride ratio or low hydrolysis reaction rate. The reaction order is approximately one while the citric acid/magnesium hydride molar ratio remains high or the rate of reaction is high. Finally, considering the geometrical effect on the acid-catalyzed MgH2 hydrolysis, the validated Langmuir equation was used to successfully predict the dynamic hydrogen generation fairly well for most hydrolysis reaction rate.

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Jen, Tien-Chien, Joshua Adeniran, Esther Akinlabi, Chung-Hsing Chao, Yen-Hsi Ho e Johan De Koker. "Hydrogen Generation From Acetic Acid Catalyzed Magnesium Hydride Using an On-Demand Hydrogen Reactor". In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66459.

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This study reports an acetic acid catalyzed hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation from magnesium hydride (MgH2) using an on-demand hydrogen reactor. Acetic acid, a weak and benign organic acid, has been reported as a single catalyst in hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation using other substrates, but this is the first study where acetic acid has been employed as a catalyst in a magnesium hydride hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation. In this study, the effects of MgH2 weight, acetic acid concentration and external temperature on hydrogen generation from MgH2 were examined. The results of the hydrolysis reaction indicated that the weight of MgH2 was the major factor influencing hydrogen generation, followed by the concentration of acetic acid while the effect of external temperature was insignificant. Similarly, hydrogen yield was proportional to the weight of MgH2 with a reported maximum hydrogen yield at each weight been: 0.4g (∼ 0.07 L); 0.8 g (∼ 0.125 L) and 1.2 g (∼1.285 L). The successful use of acetic acid in the study reinforced the versatility of the on-demand hydrogen reactor and as a scalable technology for hydrogen generation.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Acid hydrolysis"

1

Lee, Y. Y. Enhancement of Dilute-Acid Total-Hydrolysis Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764595.

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Marek, J. C. Hydrolysis of late-washed, irradiated tetraphenylborate slurry simulants I: Phenylboric acid hydrolysis kinetics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751282.

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3

Harris, John F., Andrew J. Baker, Anthony H. Conner, Thomas W. Jeffries, James L. Minor, Roger C. Pettersen, Ralph W. Scott, Edward L. Springer, Theodore H. Wegner e John I. Zerbe. Two-stage, dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis of wood : an investigation of fundamentals. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-45.

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4

Lee, Y. Y., Qian Xiang, Tae-Hyun Kim e Junseok Kim. Enhancement of Dilute-Acid Total-Hydrolysis Process for High-Yield Saccharification of Cellulosic Biomass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763027.

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5

Van Wychen, Stefanie R., e Lieve M. Laurens. Determination of Total Sterols in Microalgae by Acid Hydrolysis and Extraction: Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP). Issue Date: December 21, 2018. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1488917.

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Tao, L., D. Schell, R. Davis, E. Tan, R. Elander e A. Bratis. NREL 2012 Achievement of Ethanol Cost Targets: Biochemical Ethanol Fermentation via Dilute-Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corn Stover. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129271.

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Aden, A., M. Ruth, K. Ibsen, J. Jechura, K. Neeves, J. Sheehan, B. Wallace, L. Montague, A. Slayton e J. Lukas. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15001119.

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Dean R. Peterman, Bruce J. Mincher, Catherine L. Riddle e Richard D. Tillotson. Summary Report on Gamma Radiolysis of TBP/n-dodecane in the Presence of Nitric Acid Using the Radiolysis/Hydrolysis Test Loop. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993164.

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Wooley, R., M. Ruth, J. Sheehan, K. Ibsen, H. Majdeski e A. Galvez. Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Current and Futuristic Scenarios. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/12150.

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Larson, Steven L., Deborah R. Felt, Scott Waisner, Catherine C. Nestler, Charles G. Coyle e Victor F. Medina. The Effect of Acid Neutralization on Analytical Results Produced from SW846 Method 8330 after the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Explosives in Soil. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada570210.

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