Tesi sul tema "Accidents de biens de consommation"
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Van, Gool Elias. "Product Liability in a More Circular Economy : A Study of Liability for Alternative Methods of Distributing and Producing Consumer Goods". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSJPG/2024/2024ULILD015.pdf.
Testo completoSpecific, more strict theories of product liability, which have now largely been maximally harmonised in the EU, have developed on the basis of a linear economic model. By using doctrinal and economic legal research, this thesis examines the state of EU product liability law and how it is tested by alternative, circular economic methods of distributing and producing consumer goods, like product reuse, repurposing, resales and other retransfers, repairs, refurbishments and remanufacturing. Besides direct relevance to circular economy in the consumer goods sector, this study of so-far overlooked questions offers new theoretical insights about product liability with broader academic and practical relevance. After a general introduction to the domains of product liability and circular economy, a normative framework is developed that blends distributive justice in terms of economic efficiency with corrective justice. Subsequently, it is argued that also in a more circular economic setting a more strict product liability rule like the EU harmonisation is preferable in light of this normative framework, while the added value of product liability increases compared to its main regulatory alternatives. The thesis then studies the application to the aforementioned circular strategies of current EU product liability law based on the 1985 Directive and its almost finally adopted 2024 successor. Overall, EU product liability law turns out to be quite versatile and its relevance in a more circular consumption sector is improved by several of the new proposed rules. Nevertheless, some limitations remain and also some interpretative issues are identified in the proposed new Directive, for which amendments are proposed
Bradley, Xavier. "Biens de consommation et biens d'investissement : essai de définition". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOE001.
Testo completoThe usual distinction between consumption and investment only allows classifications by systematically referring to the material aspects of goods. Moreover, from this point of view, no precise criterion exists to mark the difference between free-moving and fixed capital. So all invested means are considered as intermediary material forms before consumption. So the difference between consumption and investment goods finally depends from the moment of obeservation of objects during the economic process. It is, however, possible to elaborate a precise and discriminating definition for each of these categories. To do so, it is necessary to adopt a purely economic viewpoint. Thus the definition must be founded on the concept of economic good and no longer on the material use of objects. The favoured means of such an analysis is the circuit of creation and outlay of earned income. The circuit is made up of two complementary markets: that of producing services and that of goods. Following on from the interaction between these two markets, a precise distinction of the dufferet types of goods can be established. The consumption goods are characterized by a creation of income on the producing services market and an outlay (withdrawal of goods) on the goods market. On the other hand investments goods correspond to fixed capital accumulated in the concerns; they are defined by an outlay of income on the producing services market and are not the object of household consumption
Caire, Gilles. "Analyse économique des biens durables de consommation". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100026.
Testo completoAccording to the french national accounting system, households are supposed "to consume without delay the goods they buy, including durable goods". However this convention does not allow us to take into account correctly the temporal links between purchase flows, adding to stock already held, and satisfaction gained from the consumption of services rendered during the lifetime of the goods. And it is precisely this complexity which creates an extremely volatile dynamic of demand. If we take the opposite point of view -the purchase of consumer durables is a kind of capital investment- the purpose of this work is to suggest a unified framework of economic analysis of the demand for consumer durables, and to illustrate empirically its interest for the french case. By means of a reflection on the notion of durability, the preliminary part aims to discern the relationships between the age and the use-and-exchange values of the goods, and offer an estimate of the value and the inequalities in the division of the stock of consumer durables in french households. Following a patrimonial logic, part 1 suggests a coherent integrating way for durables within consumer intertemporal choices of optimization, by building up a periodical owning price, the user cost. According to a beckerian perspective, the second part considers durable goods as a factor of the household's procduction, with the purpose of arbitration between domestically produced services and marketable services. Finally, by the introduction of phenomena of irreversibility (indivisibility, transaction costs, borrowing constraints) the analysis broadens in part 3 to include possible discords between the flow of required services and stock effectively held back by advancing/postponing decisions of replacement demand, so many ways allowing us to renew the debate on the stability of the function of consumption
Oguer, Fabienne. "Biens collectifs locaux et biens différenciés". Aix-Marseille 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX32027.
Testo completoThis study draws the determinatives of the formation of multiple "clubs" of consumers for some type of commodities in an economy : clubs of collective users of one commodity, clubs of customers of a commodity. It analyses the consequences of the combined operation of the different explicative factors
Abdul, Jabbar Mouaffaq Arif. "L'analyse de consommation des biens durables en Irak". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10006.
Testo completoStudy of consumption durable good is based on the analysis of main characterstics: durability high prices and unit cost of services rendered. However the consumer's decision for their renewal is difficult as it is influnced by his economic behaviour as well as by his psycho-sociological behaviour, hence the impossibility to determine the quantity of renewed foods and of net demande (first equipement + renewal + double equipement). By cearting innovation goods, technical progress directly affects the renewal and increases the quantity of goods supplied on the second-hand market, the letter is not complete owing to the uncertanity of prices and the qualities of goods due to the lack of information (objectifs). This ambiguity may be shown by the psycho-sociological and economic analysis of the consumer's behaviour, this is what we try to explain precisely in the study of iraki housholds
Garabedian, Sabine. "Formalisation d'une demande de biens différenciés dans un modèle d'interaction sociale : application à la consommation éthique". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0025.
Testo completoThis thesis explore the formation and evolution of differentiated goodsdemand when we include socio-historical dimensions. We develop a general frameworkwhich explain as much conspicuous consumption introduce by Veblen and somehabits of consumption highlighted by evolutionist theories, as homo-economicus behavior. We consider some heterogeneous consumers who build their demand for aspecific good according to their opinion on this good and their purchasing powerin term of this good. The opinion is multidimensional because it is shaped by theconsumer perception which include socio-historical framework (direct opinion) andby social interaction that each consumer has with the others (indirect opinion). Then, we apply this general framwork to consumption of ethical goods
Giraud-Héraud, Eric. "Modèles de différenciation des produits : extensions et applications". Toulouse 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU10003.
Testo completoChamberlin's treatment, 1933, of monopolistic competition captures the idea that the products sold by different firms in an industry are not perfedt substitutes. Since hotelling, 1929, several models have been developped which are commonly refered to as "adress" models of differentiation, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether these models actually differ and to show it is possible to apply these models to the theory of industrial organization and to the political science. In a first part we analyse horizontal integration and show that the existence of product differentiation implies the incentive to merge when the merged firms continues to produce all the products of its constituent firms. The freedom of entry on the market is the only factor of discouragement in horizontal integration. In the second part of this thesis we employ the locations models to understand the behaviour of voters and candidates on the eve of an election. We deduce a lot of results on the distribution of the electoral body and the location of candidates on a left-right axis
Dornier, Philippe-Pierre. "Recomposition de l'approche logistique dans le secteur des produits de grande diffusion : Intégration fonctionnelle, intégration sectorielle, intégration géographique". ENSMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0812.
Testo completoDeher, Cocket Odile. "Politiques de produits et production de l'entreprise exportatrice de biens de consommation". Paris 9, 1985. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1985PA090038.
Testo completoStephan, Lagarde Carole. "Représentation sociale, produits de consommation et statut socioculturel". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081871.
Testo completoGlenck, Emmanuel. "Contribution des ménages urbains dans le métabolisme des biens et des éléments chimiques des filières de désapprovisionnement des biens de consommation solides /". Zürich, 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10717.
Testo completoLecocq, Sébastien. "Trois essais sur l'hétérogénéité des agents et des biens en économie de la consommation". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010040.
Testo completoThis thesis consists of three essays in consumer economics. In the first essay, we consider the application of the iterated linear least squares estimator, developed by Blundell and Robin (1999), to panel data and propose a direct test for the correlation of unobserved heterogeneity with independent variables. We show that the estimator remains consistent on this type of data, we derive its new asymptotic properties and give an empirical application. In the second essay, we use the conditional demand function approach to test for the separability of the derived utility function in the household production model. To the best of our knowledge, the data set that we use is the only one to allow for this test. Our results partly reject the weak separability hypothesis. However, we also show that these results depend on the level of the time constraint faced by the household. Finally, in the third essay, we estimate a hedonic price function and two jury grade equations for burgundy wine. The approach is the same as in our bordeaux wine paper (Combris, Lecocq and Visser (1997)). The data come from an experimental study that is very similar to the study on Bordeaux wines. The results for the two wine-growing regions are compared and discussed
Michaud, Céline. "Comportements des consommateurs et biens privés à caractéristiques environnementales : une approche expérimentale". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE001.
Testo completoOur thesis provides an analysis of consumer preferences for green products that have the specificity to mix private charactéristics with environmental ones. Our work provides insights on how consumers may contribute to environmental protection by their purchase decisions and addresses the question of the empirical measure of consurmers' values. Chapter 1 presents the main theoretical concepts providing tools to study the green consumption phenomenon. Chapter 2 discusses the methodologies used to elicit consumer values in the empirical analysis of preferences. Chapter 3 is an experimental study of consumer preferences for products deriving from a remanufacturing process. An experimental auction mechanism shows that consumers' willingness to pay for a remanufactured camera result from important tradeoffs between its environmental and quality attributes. Consumers nevertheless express environmental preferences by undervaluing, or even boycotting, a conventional - brand new - and thus more polluting product. Chapter 4 explores consumers' choices for roses associated with two independant environmental characteristics : an environmental certification of environment-friendly cultivation practices and a carbon footprint indicator. We implement a real choice experiment for a non food product whose consumption cannot bring any sanitary benefit to the consumer. Not driven by any private motives related to possible health benefits, consumers nevertheless exhibit positive willingness to pay for both environmental attributes of the roses. Our results give strength to the hypothesis of altruistic motivations in consumers' choices for green products
Pelet, Stéphanie. "La garantie légale des biens de consommation : étude comparée des droits français, anglais et communautaire /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses Univ. du Septentrion, 2002. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/349752958.pdf.
Testo completoPelet, Stéphanie. "La garantie légale des biens de consommation : étude comparée des droits français, anglais et communautaire". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON10001.
Testo completoHadhri, Walid. "Une contribution à l'analyse de la fonction de demande des nouveaux biens technologiques : le cas de l'Internet". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA111008.
Testo completoBallout, Fadi. "Alcool, psychotropes, accidents de la route : enquête réalisée par le S.A.M.U. de Nîmes sur quarante accidents". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11130.
Testo completoThierry, Clémence. "Modes de consommation et modes d'accès des biens culturels à l'ère numérique : le cas du livre". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD100/document.
Testo completoThis thesis enlightens the understanding of consumer behavior and access to cultural goods in the digital age. We discuss three main issues : the impact of the long tail effect on the book demand, the substitutability between books from different access points, and the articulation between the price of paper books and digital books. Our approach is to consider the diversity of the book market through its trade and non-trade spheres and the duality between book formats - digital or not. In the _rst chapter of this dissertation, we analyze demand for fiction books in public lending libraries. Our results reveal that book consumption is unrelated to the star system. In order to explain the diversity of book borrowing in libraries, the second chapter questions the articulation between the different access points. Our analysis reveals the complementarity between borrowing practices and purchase of books and the independence of the downloading of digital books practices. The price of digital books can be an explanation of this independence, that's why the third chapter analyses the structuration of digital books prices. Our results show that the pricing system of digital books mainly mirrors the pricing system of paper books. Our analysis of these three chapters are based on three original databases : the borrowing of fiction books in Parisian libraries between January and April 2012 ; a survey made in Parisian libraries in 2014 ; and a study of the prices of best-seller digital books in France and in the United States. Based on this empirical data collection, the present research demonstrates that consumer behavior and the paper book and digital book market are more often correlated than opposed
Hamouche, Bouayad Agha Salima. "Estimation d'un modèle de déséquilibre sur le marché des biens de consommation en Algérie : 1966-1989". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010010.
Testo completoThe aim of this work is to study disequilibrium in the algerian consumption goods market. For that purpose, we consider works done in this fieldfor centrally planned economies in eastern europe. These economies are said to suffer from sustained, significand excess demand. If we wish to test this hypothesis, we must admit for each observation the possibility that it reflects either positve or negagtive excess aggregate demand. The appropriate model must therefore allow that either buyers or sellers may encounter quantity constraints. Estimation in this context requires the techniques for dealing with markets in disequilibrium. That provides the opportunity to review the various available estimation techniques : full information maximum likelihood ; three pseudo-maximum likelihood methods and their simulated counterparts. On the basis of our results, excess supply seems to be the most frequent case and this justifies rejecting the hypothesis of sustained excess demand in the market for consumption goods. We cannot draw strong, unambigous empirical conclusions from this work, while considering the labour market on one hand and the second economy or the other,would appear to be very great indeed
Miloudi, Boubaker. "Essai d'analyse du phénomène de pénuries en Algérie : le système de distribution des biens de consommation". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010003.
Testo completoTremblay, Natalie. "Décor, création artistique et consommation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27657/27657.pdf.
Testo completoOrriols, Ludivine. "Santé et insécurité routière : influence de la consommation de médicaments (Étude CESIR-A)". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21723/document.
Testo completoIn recent decades, attention has been increasingly focused on the impact of disabilities and medicinal drug use on road safety. Psychoactive medicines may impair driving abilities due to their action on the central nervous system (e.g. sedation in the morning following administration of a hypnotic), while other medicines may affect psychomotor functions by their action on physiological functions (e.g hypoglycaemic seizures related to diabetic treatment). The CESIR-A project was set up to improve the epidemiological knowledge on medicines and the risk of road traffic crashes. The study matched three French nationwide databases: the national healthcare insurance database, police reports, and the police national database of injurious crashes, leading to the inclusion of 72,685 drivers involved in an injurious road traffic crash from July 2005 to May 2008. Two methods were performed for data analysis: a case-control analysis in which cases where responsible drivers and controls non-responsible ones and a case-crossover analysis. Medicine exposures were estimated from prescription drug dispensations in the healthcare reimbursement database. The study of medicines grouped according to the four levels of driving impairment risk of the French classification system [from 0 (no risk) to 3 (high risk)], showed that users of level 2 and level 3 prescribed medicines were at higher risk of being responsible for the crash (OR=1.31 [1.24-1.40] and OR=1.25 [1.12-1.40], respectively). The fraction of road traffic crashes attributable to levels 2 and 3 medicines was 3.3% [2.7%-3.9%]. Zolpidem use was associated with an increased risk of being responsible for a road traffic crash (OR=1.28 [1.07-1.53]) whereas use of zopiclone and benzodiazepine hypnotics use was not. Responsibility risk was only increased in the 139 drivers with dispensing of more than one pill of zolpidem a day during the five months before the crash (OR=2.38 [1.61-3.52]). Case-crossover analysis showed an increased risk of crash for benzodiazepine hypnotic users only (OR=1.42 [1.09-1.85]). Hypnotic users shared similar crash characteristics, with crashes more likely to occur on highways. In our database, 196 drivers were exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash. This specific population was young, essentially males, with important co-consumption of other substances, in particular alcohol and level 3 medicines. Injured drivers exposed to buprenorphine and/or methadone on the day of crash, had an increased risk of being responsible (OR=2.19 [1.51-3.16]). The case cross-over analysis did not demonstrate any association (OR=1.26 [0.93 - 1.70]). Our study provides evidence of the contribution of medicines to the risk of road traffic crashes. According to our results, the French risk classification seems relevant regarding medicines classified as levels 2 and 3 of risk for road traffic crashes. The observed increased risks of being responsible for a crash for zolpidem and substitution maintenance treatment users may be linked to risky behaviors. Improving driver behaviour is one of the challenges for road safety. Providing patients with proper information on the potential effect of medicines on their driving abilities is the main objective of drug and risk classifications such as the French one
Gallez, Caroline. "Modèles de projection à long terme de la structure du parc et du marché de l'automobile". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010055.
Testo completoThis thesis aims at formalizing a new approach for long term forecasting of the structure of the private car fleet and the car market. The particular application studied here concerns the french household car fleet and the car market with a time horizon of 2010. The main results center on the following three themes : forecasts of the rate of vehicle per adult, motorizatioin and multi-motorization ; disaggregation of these figures according to factors such as vehicle type, age, and fuel type explaining car use ; calculation of car survival functions differenciated between the same structuring variables (vehicle and fuel type), which permit an assessment of car demand and of the diffusion rate of new vehicles or innovation into the car fleet. We first present a critical revue of thedynamic demand analysis and of the existing models for car fleet forecasting. Next, we introduce our demographic approach, based on the same longitudinal analysis as recent developments with regard to pseudo-panels. This highlights, in particular, the dynamic effects related to diffusion process, demographic factors and income. Two models have been developped : the first is applied to car ownership bahavior of successive generations ; the second concerns the rate of renewal of cohorts of vehicles according to car survival functions
Stan, Valentina. "Méthodes statistiques utilisées dans la détermination et la prévision de la demande pour les biens de consommation". Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0503.
Testo completoThis work aims firstly to survey the most relevant topics and to expose the principal tools adopted to determine and predict on a quantitative methods for determination and prediction of demand. To reach this goal we made a review of the techniques for survey sampling, the methods relying on time series, the Partial Least Squares approach, and the Customer Relationship Management (CRM). Two practical applications have been realized : a comparative study of software for automatic prediction on times series, an application to the car market for the chapter Partial Least Squares approach. The importance of the subject of the thesis is also underlined by the discrepancy existing today between the results obtained through statistical and mathematical methods and what is actually used in marketing
Cottet, Patrice. "Critères de segmentation marketing et volatilité de la demande finale dans le cadre des biens de grande consommation". Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040307.
Testo completoDo, Ngoc My. "Les déterminants des choix de canaux de distribution de biens de grande consommation : une analyse comparée franco-vietnamienne". Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4001.
Testo completoThe thesis approachs factors that influence the choice of distribution channels of convenience goods in vietnamese economy, acoording to models of countries with modern distribution systems, especially France. It underscores a new approach of distribution channels in the economy of Vietnam. The purpose of this work is to elaborate a relevant pattern process for the vietnamese national market and to put a decision tool at the disposal of the leaders of manufacturing and import firms of convenience goods in Vietnam. Thus, this research work tackles the various problematicals linked to the choices of channels, and to the criteria of choice. The comparison of two different contexts allows to define three priorities in the modernization of the distribution system in Vietnam : the organization and the development of the best conditions for the creation of modern distribution channels, revalorising current channel process ; the development of assistance tools for decision-making, favouring determination of commercial objectives ; the emergency of creating trade regulations, in a lasting and stable framework, applicable to the process of distribution in Vietnam
Kassia, Bi Oula Joachim. "L'acquisition a crédit des biens d'équipement personnel en droit ivoirien". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0015.
Testo completoBécheur, Amina. "L'utilisateur leader et le degré de novation du produit : une contribution à l'amélioration de l'analyse des tests de produits nouveaux (application au produit automobile)". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090068.
Testo completoSchramm, Manuel. "Konsum und regionale Identität in Sachsen 1880-2000 : die Regionalisierung von Konsumgütern im Spannungsfeld von Nationalisierung und Globalisierung /". Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39913759p.
Testo completoHaritchabalet, Carole. "Incertitude sur la qualité des biens : gestion des risques et apprentissage". Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10007.
Testo completoThis dissertation studies the consequences of quality uncertainty on production and consumption. In the first chapter, we consider goods which quality is uncertain for firms only. When a frim must determine the quantity of goods to produce before knowing which goods will be defective, its revenue is uncertain. The production in excess of demand (by producing reserve goods) appears as an instrumentin the management of these risks, this strategy being a generalisation of self protection. It is shown that this strategy is a complement to an insurance strategy. The second and third chapters of this dissertation deal with goods which quality is uncertain for firms and consumers. In this setting, a learning problem on the quality of these goods arises. In these two chapters, we are interested in the study of a particular strategic behavior of consumers which is a waiting behavior to learn information from other agent's consumptions. The objective of the second chapter is to analyse how this strategic behavior affects the pricing policy of two competitive firms. We show that this waiting behavior favours firms in the sense that they are able to extract all the informational surplus without waiting for this information. The use of options appears to be an efficient instrument to induce a waiting behavior. The third chapter analyses the decision of a durable goods monopolist to introduce a new technology. In addition to prices, the monopolist uses production as mean to convey information about the quality of its product. The monopolist can ration the demand to induce information revelation, flood the market when learning about its product quality is sufficient or give up production when the quality of the product is too low
El, Qaoumi Kenza. "L'expansion fonctionnelle, nouvelle mesure de l'innovation. Analyse empirique et modélisation post-lancastérienne de la transformation des biens de consommation". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM028/document.
Testo completoThe analysis of the phenomenon of consumer goods transformation based on the functional expansion of these goods over time, has mobilized and challenged various theoretical approaches, whether in management science, evolutionary economics or engineering design.This thesis proposes to assess the functional expansion of consumer goods, to understand whether the transformation of consumer goods is rare or rather permanent over time. Using a new measuring tool, first, we could reject the lancasterian hypothesis of stability of consumer goods over time, by showing that the transformation of consumer goods is permanent and that new functions emerge constantly over time. Then we have shown that the emergence of innovations is non-poissonian emergence and controlled, that it is not exclusively the result of an external shock from the design, but that innovation can tip regardless of market needs or new technologies, through innovative design efforts.Finally, the thesis examines the role of consumerist prescription in maintaining market dynamics over time. This dynamic requires the continuous learning of functional expansion by consumers. So we show how and why the prescription facilitates the learning process, which in turn ensures a permanent transformation of consumer goods, and implies a continuous dynamic between supply and demand
Lebrun, Mathilde. "L’influence des crises, événements, et accidents de vie sur l’achat et la consommation : une approche ethnomarketing à l’échelle familiale". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020004.
Testo completoThe goal of this thesis is to expand our understanding of purchasing and consumption practices for a group of individuals that make up a family. We explore the notions of crisis, events, life accidents, turning points at the family level, and their influences on buying and consumption practices. We adopt a longitudinal approach with data collection extending over more than 3 years and combine several data collection techniques. The protocol used is ethnomarketing, a research method adapted from anthropology and ethnography to marketing research. The research focuses on the influence of major life changes (e.g., births, children leaving home, retirement, death) and crises (the 2008 economic crisis for example) on consumption practices with analysis carried out using thematic analysis and semiotics. This doctoral thesis starts with a look at the research methodology, followed by a description of six of the families studied, intra-familial and inter-family analysis, theoretical discussion and finally managerial contributions. The thesis highlights the importance of the individual’s perception of the event. Furthermore, the idea of identity is a key factor in understanding the influence of changes and crises. This research also considers the following notions- others, objects, places and times - in consumption practices
Thibault, Agnès. "Analyse d'un élement déterminant de la gestion de patrimoine physique : l'entretien rénovation. Application économétrique au logement". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090075.
Testo completoKremer, Florence. "Le rôle stratégique des marques de distributeurs dans les relations producteurs-distributeurs sur les marchés de biens de grande consommation". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30029.
Testo completoThe constant growth of store brands in North America and Europe over the past twenty years confirms that they have gained the status of major competitors to products branded by well-known manufacturers usually referred to as " national brands ". While past research has mainly focused on the determinants of the success of store brands, we propose a theoretical framework that investigates the impact of their growth on the market structure. Both the interdependence amongst differentiated products and the vertical interaction between a retailer and two producers are taken into account. This allows some understanding of the effect store brands have on competition among national brands and how this may enhance the retailer's profitability. Results reveal that the strategic role of the store brand may be twofold. By taking the offensive to improve the quality of his store brand, the retailer increases price competition in the product category and benefits from lower wholesale prices. In the case that the terms of trade worsen for the retailer, the store brand plays a more defensive role. We show that a higher sales volume of the store brand compensates for the loss of a retailer whose relative bargaining power decreases. Empirical analyses conducted on retail scanner data for 21 product categories and 384 stores give support to these findings. We in particular observe in half of the categories a negative relationship between the market share of the store brand and the concentration of national brands, showing that store brands threaten not only secondary brands but also the leading national brands
Chiasson, Maude, e Maude Chiasson. "La consommation des ménages au Québec : une analyse empirique". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24336.
Testo completoÉtant donné que les dépenses de consommation comptent pour environ 60 % du PIB au Québec, il est primordial de comprendre comment les politiques économiques affectent la demande agrégée via les dépenses de consommation des ménages et aussi, comment les dépenses de consommation seront affectées selon l’environnement des consommateurs. En premier lieu, ce mémoire modélise la consommation avec une technique économétrique qui ne repose pas sur l’hypothèse d’une structure de préférence particulière. Dans un deuxième temps, ce mémoire estime un modèle d’agent économique rationnel optimisateur face au problème de l’allocation intertemporelle de sa consommation de biens durables et non durables quand les fluctuations des taux d’intérêt canadiennes varient. La période étudiée est de 1981 à 2011. Nos résultats correspondent à ce qui est généralement observé dans la littérature et nous ont permis de mettre en évidence le rôle joué par le revenu, le prix relatif des biens durables, la richesse financière, la valeur des maisons, la confiance des ménages et les fluctuations des taux d’intérêt pour expliquer les variations des dépenses de consommation des ménages québécois dans son ensemble, mais aussi selon certaines sous-catégories. Notre analyse nous a également permis de constater qu’en désagrégeant la consommation des ménages québécois, il est important de tenir compte des liens entre ses sous-catégories. La non-séparabilité au niveau des préférences entre les biens durables et non durables est importante et c’est pourquoi il est préférable d’en tenir compte dans la modélisation des différentes catégories de la consommation agrégée.
Due to the fact that the household consumption expenditure are valued for approximately 60% of Quebec's GDP, it is important to understand how economic politics affect the aggregate demand through consumers' expenses and also, how household consumption expenditures will vary according to the consumer's environment. Firstly, this paper reviews the consumption with an econometric technique of no particular structure. Secondly, this paper proposes and estimates a model of an optimizing agent who is faced with the problem of allocating intertemporally his consumption of non-durable and durable goods when confronted with a fluctuating rate of return. Expectations are assumed to be formed rationally. The study was conducted from 1981(01) to 2011(03). Our results are consistent with the findings of previous studies and the literature and allowed us to interpret how income, relative price of durable goods, financial wealth, housing market, index of consumer confidence, and interest fluctuations could explain the variation in consumption expenditures of households in Quebec as a whole, but also by some sub-categories. Our analysis also revealed that when household consumption is disaggregated, it is important to consider the relationship between those sub-categories. Non-separability in preferences between durables and non-durables is important and this is why the modeling of different types of aggregate consumption should be taken into consideration.
Due to the fact that the household consumption expenditure are valued for approximately 60% of Quebec's GDP, it is important to understand how economic politics affect the aggregate demand through consumers' expenses and also, how household consumption expenditures will vary according to the consumer's environment. Firstly, this paper reviews the consumption with an econometric technique of no particular structure. Secondly, this paper proposes and estimates a model of an optimizing agent who is faced with the problem of allocating intertemporally his consumption of non-durable and durable goods when confronted with a fluctuating rate of return. Expectations are assumed to be formed rationally. The study was conducted from 1981(01) to 2011(03). Our results are consistent with the findings of previous studies and the literature and allowed us to interpret how income, relative price of durable goods, financial wealth, housing market, index of consumer confidence, and interest fluctuations could explain the variation in consumption expenditures of households in Quebec as a whole, but also by some sub-categories. Our analysis also revealed that when household consumption is disaggregated, it is important to consider the relationship between those sub-categories. Non-separability in preferences between durables and non-durables is important and this is why the modeling of different types of aggregate consumption should be taken into consideration.
Guillon, Olivia. "La prise en compte de la fidélité dans l'analyse économique des comportements de consommation. Une application aux consommations culturelles". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403597.
Testo completoVillain, Julien. "Appareil commercial et diffusion des biens de consommation au XVIIIe siècle : aires et structures du commerce des commodités en Lorraine centrale et méridionale, années 1690-1791". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010705.
Testo completoTo what extent did merchant consumption of commodities grow in the 18th century ? To answer this question, we determinded to study the evolution of the traders number and the mutation of their business practices in Lorraine. Due to its demographic, economic and social characteritics, this region is in fact quite representative of the transformations Europe experienced from 1700 to 1790. Our study shows an increase in the number of shopekeepers in the region during the century, not only in absolue value, but also compared with population. To supply themselves, shopkeepers had to rely on a small elite of wholesalers involved in importation trade, whose business activities are on the rise during the century. All these elements suggest a georgraphical and social extension of merchant consumption in towns and in the country. As a matter of fact, on the eve of the Revolution, lower-class consumers made in majority of shopkeeper’s consumer base. The rise of merchant consumption was also caused by upper-class consumers’ enthusiasm for the broadening range of new items the shopkeepers offred. However, there was no revolution in merchant consumption or in business practices in the 18th century. The amount of shops in the religion was already important in the 1700’. This fact suggests that merchant consumption was already widespread in the population, in town as in the country – and even in the lower classes. On top of that, trade practices did not experience grat changes in the century. Trends towards specialization and innovative commercial practices – such as advertising, shop design or fixed-price sales – were not significant outside main towns
Desfossés, Nadia. "Modélisation de l'impact du revenu sur la demande de biens ayant des caractéristiques environnementales supérieures". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26888/26888.pdf.
Testo completoVarin, Christian G. "Les biens de consommation techniques en Allemagne de l'Est et en Tchécoslovaquie depuis 1949 : la confrontation des économies planifiées du centre au fordisme". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21054.
Testo completoEast german and czechoslovakian industries were the most advanced among the soviet type economies. The present work intends to show how forty years of compulsive economic planning - within shortage regulation- led to draw those industries away from the established world production's criterias. Hence a limited - though symbolic- part ofindustry is analysed wich refers to the production of so-called "technical" consumer goods, such as: individual transportsn domestic electrical appliances, technical and electrical consumer goods. Firstly, a scheme of analysis based on j. Kornai and g. Roland's research enables to structure both work around a regulation-based approach of economy; secondly, a periodic division of the relevant countries'economic growth is proposed. On those bases, the part of industry which is studied is presented according to both analytical and historical points of view, before, during and after the period of centralized plan fication. Specific attention is given to the consequences of the planned system's reforms and of the comecon, which leads to the following conclusion: despite of pressions coming from the "fordist" scheme of development, east german and czechoslovakian economic planning could not afford to compete with it. Hence they ever had to be both submitted to three types of constraints: a technological one, a foreign one and a social one, proved to be quite harmfull for the industries analized
Drut, Marion. "Using the concept of functional economy to explore the spatial and environmental challenges associated with sustainable mobility". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12013/document.
Testo completoTraffic congestion, parking problems, and air pollution constitute contemporary challenges affecting especially urban areas. These concerns are intertwined and mutually reinforcing ; there is thus a need to address them jointly. Using the concept of functional economy (FE), this thesis attempts to go beyond the traditional compartmentalized approach. More specifically, this study investigates the role of a function-based transportation system, and namely of sharing the uses, in addressing jointly the spatial and environmental issues associated with sustainable mobility. After a short presentation of the concept of FE and its application to transportation (essay 1), we examine the role of sharing the uses in addressing spatial and environmental issues (essay 2). Then, we highlight the mechanisms underlying the rivalry of use affecting parking (essay 3), as well as the impact of local air pollution on labor productivity (essay 4). This thesis allows putting into perspective transportation infrastructure projects or policies through a two-angle analysis of the issues associated with mobility. First, transportation policies are explored from a spatial perspective, with space considered as a scarce resource in open access and whose consumption from transportation modes is subject to a shadow cost and to rivalry. Then, the link between enhanced accessibility and increased local air pollution from transportation is drawn, and the analysis reveals that accounting for environmental impacts leads to more accurate assessments of the expected agglomeration gains
Foncel, Jérôme. "Analyse micro-économétrique des marchés à produits différenciés : application au marché des téléphones grand public en France". Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10014.
Testo completoThis thesis develops a procedure to analyse differentiated product markets and provides an application to the market of household telephone equipment in France. We construct a structural microeconomic model that takes into account the main features of the market under study. An empirical analysis is then provided with the help of econometric tools. In the first part we describe the market under study and the available data. In the second part a survey of the literature is done in order to stress on the pros and cons of the approaches already used. In the last part, we set the economic and econometric framework and provide empirical results on the functioning of the market under study
Salles, Jean-Christophe. "Consommation d'articles de sport, modalités d'achat et groupes sociaux : modèle d'analyse socio-économique et enquêtes (quantitative-qualitative) sur le processus de choix des biens sportifs". Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112405.
Testo completoKpoviessi, Josias Mahouna. "Facteurs incitant les agents économiques à changer ou lisser leur consommation énergétique". Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUA002.
Testo completoUnderstanding energy behaviour is necessary for the success of the energy transition. This is the object of this thesis.The first chapter describes the characteristics, challenges and the effects and effectiveness of different instruments to manage the demand side.The second chapter focuses on financial incentives to encourage the reduction of energy consumption. Based on a laboratory experiment, our results show that financial incentives (presented as a bonus in this thesis) serve as benchmarks to guide energy consumption. They encourage the least sober individuals to tend towards energy sobriety but, on the contrary, they partially crowd out the intrinsic motivations of the most sober.The final chapter investigates how to communicate. Indeed, attention can be drawn to the negative externalities and also to the positive externalities generated by consumption. We study the effect of this framing with a single shot linear public good experiment with simultaneous decisions, with and without risk. The participants cooperate more in a stochastic environment than in a deterministic one, and even more so when the emphasis is on losses.This can be explained by the fact that uncertainty favourably shifts extreme behaviours. Women in particular are the ones for whom the changes in behaviour are most marked
Reinhardt, Niziolek Sylviane. "IInfluence de la consommation de cannabis sur les accidents de la voie publique : à propos d'une étude realisée au C.H.R. de Metz-Thionville". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN11145.
Testo completoGroff, Jocelyn. "Analyse du comportement coopératif pour une consommation durable des ménages : une approche expérimentale". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB001/document.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the sustainable consumer behaviour of households. When consumer behaviours allow for individual utility, at the expense of public interest, these can be analysed as a social dilemma. Experiments in public good games allow for testing behaviours of individuals subjected to social dilemma situations. Sustainable consumption can be considered as a voluntary contribution to a public good. The objective is to better understand the mechanisms behind voluntary contributions to public goods that generate externalities. Three experiments will allow us to analyse the differences in contributions between a private good and public goods, public bad(s) and club goods. We focus on the negative externalities of a public bad, the exclusivity of the club good and the effects of multiple public goods
Virginillo, Martin Gustavo. "Méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie des emballages". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28009/28009.pdf.
Testo completoMihart, Ioana. "L’optimisation de l’effort marketing à travers la segmentation probabiliste prédictive de la clientèle et la modélisation de la persistance des impacts promotionnels : étude dans le contexte des biens de consommation courante". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12020/document.
Testo completoIn a marketing context governed today by the relational paradigm, three strategic issues become increasingly important: a good knowledge of customers, the optimal allocation of limited resources and reliable measures of performance. Two streams of research on Customer Equity can be distinguished: the first one is dedicated to its estimation through the study and prediction of customer behaviour, the other one, to its maximization through the identification of optimal marketing strategies. This research can be situated at the confluence of these currents, its purpose being to analyse whether the combination of probabilistic customer base segmentation and persistence modelling of the impact of marketing actions, can constitute a appropriate device for the optimisation of the marketing effort. Hypotheses are formulated and tested regarding the moderating role of the heterogeneity of customers' predicted Lifetime Value in the impact of promotional activities initiated by a company on the formative processes of its Customer Equity - acquisition and retention. The discussion of the results leads to a typology of possible trajectories for sales and Customer Equity under the influence of promotional activities of different intensities. It also allows considering the maximization of Customer Capital by optimising the intensity of promotional actions targeting the segments issued from the probabilistic modelling. Academic and managerial implications are discussed and several research directions are suggested
Nzololo, Moyo. "Contribution à l’analyse de la contrefaçon : cas du Congo-Brazzaville". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN0502.
Testo completoThe first part of this doctoral thesis is devoted to economic analysis of counterfeiting. The phenomenon of counterfeiting is seen in the framework of easing the restrictions on commercial transactions of goods. Counterfeiting is known as an infringement on the copyright. We have evidenced that the increase of counterfeiting is due to the level of variable of the quality (low, average, high) of the products placed into the market. The quality is an indicator of vertical differentiation of products. Indeed, there products of poor quality and those of higher quality. The counterfeits are products of low quality and they are cheaper in comparison to genuine products. We have shown that the faulty information on the quality of products results from the weaknesses of the market over which the "deceitful" counterfeiting develops. We have evoked "non - deceitful" counterfeiting considering a bogus as a substitute or replacement product (non - perfect) to the genuine but which, for several reasons, attract the consumer. The second part introduces the empirical analysis of counterfeiting in the Republic of Congo. We have demonstrated that counterfeits enter into that territory of through imports of manufactured goods as for the country of origin or transit bears the reputation of counterfeiters. In other respects, it is proven that in Congo means to struggle against counterfeiting are insufficient and less efficient. Suggestions are made in this paper, a study led over a sample of students enables, in one hand to identify the explanatory variables on counterfeiting in principal plan (F1, F2) provided by the analysis of principal components and, in the other hand, to select variables explaining the purchasing of counterfeit products thanks to the utilization of the model of probit
Firmanzah, Fiz. "L’influence du processus de décision sur la réussite des nouveaux produits dans les entreprises globalisées : de l'autorité à la négociation". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU2006.
Testo completoThe massive progression of the big enterprises, in the different regions of the world during the last twenty years, presents news problematic. It is not anymore about trying to explain why the enterprises invest in different countries, but rather to answer the question of the management of a big variety of activities, dispersed in several countries and regions, in an efficient and efficient manner. The role of boundary spanner of the subsidiaries’ directors is very important, especially during the process of new product launching. They must harmonise the double pressure between the standardisation and the adaptation. Our research question is: what’s the system of decisions that facilitates, simultaneously, the process of standardisation and adaptation during new product launching? This research tends to contribute the choice of ‘integration mechanism’ exploited by headquarter that help the subsidiaries director doing their tasks
Balineau, Gaëlle. "Le commerce équitable : un outil de développement ?" Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538805.
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