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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Accidental falls"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Accidental falls"

Chiara, Mussi, Galizia Gianluigi, Abete Pasquale, Morrione Alessandro, Maraviglia Alice, Noro Gabriele, Cavagnaro Paolo et al. "Unexplained Falls Are Frequent in Patients with Fall-Related Injury Admitted to Orthopaedic Wards: The UFO Study (Unexplained Falls in Older Patients)". Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/928603.

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To evaluate the incidence of unexplained falls in elderly patients affected by fall-related fractures admitted to orthopaedic wards, we recruited 246 consecutive patients older than 65 (mean age82±7years, range 65–101). Falls were defined “accidental” (fall explained by a definite accidental cause), “medical” (fall caused directly by a specific medical disease), “dementia-related” (fall in patients affected by moderate-severe dementia), and “unexplained” (nonaccidental falls, not related to a clear medical or drug-induced cause or with no apparent cause). According to the anamnestic features of the event, older patients had a lower tendency to remember the fall. Patients with accidental fall remember more often the event. Unexplained falls were frequent in both groups of age. Accidental falls were more frequent in younger patients, while dementia-related falls were more common in the older ones. Patients with unexplained falls showed a higher number of depressive symptoms. In a multivariate analysis a higher GDS and syncopal spells were independent predictors of unexplained falls. In conclusion, more than one third of all falls in patients hospitalized in orthopaedic wards were unexplained, particularly in patients with depressive symptoms and syncopal spells. The identification of fall causes must be evaluated in older patients with a fall-related injury.

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Antes, Danielle Ledur, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider e Eleonora d'Orsi. "Mortality caused by accidental falls among the elderly: a time series analysis". Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 18, n. 4 (dicembre 2015): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14202.

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Introduction : The worldwide increase in the elderly population has highlighted the importance of accidental falls and their consequences.Objective: To perform time-trend analysis of the mortality rate from accidental falls in (1) the city of Florianópolis (2) the state of Santa Catarina and (3) Brazil. Method : A time-series study of data from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade ("the Mortality Information System") was performed. The variation in mortality caused by accidental falls was estimated using the joinpoint regression method, based on the International Disease Classification (ICD-10), chapter XX, codes W00 to W15 and W17 to W19, from 1997 to 2010. Results : It was observed that in the most recent periods (2005/2008; 2002/2008; 2003/2008), there was a significant increase in mortality rates related to accidental falls in all three regions, and that these rates increased with advancing age. Conclusion : Strategies to prevent accidental falls among the elderly should be aimed, mainly, at those who are 80 and over, the age in which accidental falls result in higher death rates.

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Nagata, Hisao. "Accidental Falls and Social Issues". Equilibrium Research 71, n. 2 (2012): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3757/jser.71.110.

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Nevins, A., e R. Tideiksaar. "Accidental Falls of Elderly People". Gerontologist 30, n. 5 (1 ottobre 1990): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/30.5.718a.

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Nakamura-Thomas, Hiromi, Makoto Kyougoku e Tore Bonsaksen. "Japanese Community-Living Older Adults’ Perceptions and Solutions Regarding Their Physical Home Environments". Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, n. 1 (26 settembre 2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318800697.

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This study examined perceived causes of accidental falls, the solutions implemented, and differences in scores on the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) based on experiences of accidental falls, implementation of solutions, and experiences of problems in participants’ current environments. Data were collected individually from Japanese community-living older adults. Of the 41 participants, 71% experienced accidental falls, 41.5% implemented solutions, and 39.0% experienced problems in their current environments. Some solutions were implemented, including both appropriate and inappropriate ones. The FES scores differed significantly based on experiences of problems in participants’ current environments, suggesting that a consultation-style intervention would contribute toward improved FES scores among clients experiencing problems in their current environments.

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DeVincenzo, Doris K., e Sylvia Watkins. "Accidental Falls in a Rehabilitation Setting". Rehabilitation Nursing 12, n. 5 (10 settembre 1987): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2048-7940.1987.tb01010.x.

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Senterre, Christelle, Alain Levêque, Lionel Di Pierdomenico, Michèle Dramaix-Wilmet e Magali Pirson. "Epidemiology of Injuries in Belgium: Contribution of Hospital Data for Surveillance". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237486.

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Objectives. Investigating injuries in terms of occurrences and patient and hospital stay characteristics.Methods. 17370 stays, with at least one E code, were investigated based on data from 13 Belgian hospitals. Pearson’s chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess the variations between distributions of the investigated factors according to the injury’s types.Results. Major injuries were accidental falls, transport injuries, and self-inflicted injuries. There were more men in the transport injuries group and the accidental falls group was older. For the transport injuries, there were more arrivals with the support of a mobile intensive care unit and/or a paramedic intervention team and a general practitioner was more implicated for the accidental falls. In three-quarters of cases, it was a primary diagnostic related to injury and poisoning which was made. The median length of stay was nearly equal to one week and for accidental falls, this value is three times higher. The median cost, from the social security point of view, for all injuries was equal to €1377 and there was a higher median cost within the falls group.Conclusion. This study based on hospitals data provides important information both on factors associated with and on hospital costs generated by injuries.

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AlSahlawi, Aysha, Gillian Morantz, Caroline Lacroix, Christine Saint-Martin e Roy W. R. Dudley. "Bilateral Parietal Skull Fractures in Infants Attributable to Accidental Falls". Pediatric Neurosurgery 56, n. 5 (2021): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516972.

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Introduction: Multiple skull fractures, including bilateral parietal skull fractures (BPSFs) in infants are considered to be suspicious for abusive head trauma (AHT). The aim of this report is to describe a series of BPSF cases in infants which occurred due to accidental falls. Methods: We searched our neuroradiology database for BPSF in infants (<1 year old) diagnosed between 2006 and 2019; we reviewed initial presentation, mechanisms of injury, clinical course, head imaging, skeletal survey X-rays, ophthalmology, social work and child abuse physicians (CAP) assessments, and long-term follow-up. “Confirmed accidental BPSF” were strictly defined as having negative skeletal survey and ophthalmology evaluation and a CAP conclusion of accidental injury. Results: Twelve cases of BPSF were found; 3 were confirmed to be accidental, with a mean age at presentation of 3 months. Two infants had single-impact falls, and 1 had a compression injury; all 3 had small intracranial hemorrhages. None had bruises or other injuries, and all remained clinically well. A literature search found 10 similar cases and further biomechanical evidence that these fractures can occur from accidental falls. Conclusion: While AHT should be kept in the differential diagnosis whenever BPSFs are seen, these injuries can occur as a result of accidental falls.

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Kingma, Johannes, e Henk-Jan Ten Duis. "Severity of Injuries Due to Accidental Fall across the Life Span: A Retrospective Hospital-Based Study". Perceptual and Motor Skills 90, n. 1 (febbraio 2000): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2000.90.1.62.

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This retrospective study investigated injuries due to accidental fall across the life span for which 19,593 patients were admitted to the Emergency Unit of the Groningen University Hospital during the period 1990 through 1997. 64% of the accidental falls were found for those in the age range between 10 years and 59 years; however, the proportion of accidental falls with regard to other causes of injuries by age group were the highest in youngsters (infants up to 9 years old) and in elderly persons (over 60 years old), 43% or more of these patients having falls with injuries. The clinically treated patients had on the average a statistically greater Injury Severity Score (7.2) than the outpatients (2.4). The highest percentages of medically treated inpatients were the patients of 60 years and over. Their mean ISS score was about the same for elderly inpatients, but the percentage of clinical treatment increased with age as well as the mortality. 30% of the injuries were found in the lower extremities and 30% in the upper extremities. Bone fracture was statistically significantly the major (36%) injury followed by contusion (20%). 34% of the accidental falls occurred at home, and statistically significantly more females, 50 years of age and older, were injured than males.

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Copeland, Arthur R. "Accidental Death due to Falls at Work". American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 10, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000433-198903000-00005.

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Tesi sul tema "Accidental falls"

Xu, Tianma. "Development of Stepping On After Stroke fall prevention program in Singapore". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18918.

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The aim of the work was to develop a group-based fall prevention program for community-living stroke survivors by adapting an evidence-based fall prevention program, Stepping On. This thesis comprises of five studies using mixed methodologies. The first study, a systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that fall risk factors in this studied group are multifactorial and suggested that interventions should be multi-dimensional. In the second study, semi-structured interviews with community-living stroke survivors and caregivers conducted in Singapore identified the common self-perceived fall risk factors post-stroke, main challenges and common safety and coping strategies after a fall post-stroke. The third study, focus groups with therapists trained in Stepping On reported a lack of structured fall prevention programs and suggested adapting the Stepping On with some changes and additional key elements to suit the target population. In the fourth study, building on the earlier work, the key elements of Stepping On After Stroke (SOAS) program were reviewed by international and Singapore experts using a modified Delphi method. The program was further refined based on the review findings. In the final study, the adapted SOAS program was piloted with two groups of stroke survivors and their caregivers in two community centres. The results suggest that it is acceptable and feasible to implement this group-based SOAS program with the target population in Singapore. In summary, the findings from this research have made novel contributions to fall prevention in community-living stroke survivors in Singapore and other countries. The research suggests the need for a structured fall prevention program targeting both stroke survivors and caregivers and focusing on the modifiable fall risk factors with its aim to reduce fall risk and increase community participation. However, further fine-tuning of the program is needed before moving to a larger scale study.

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Bea, Jennifer W., Cynthia A. Thomson, Robert B. Wallace, Chunyuan Wu, Rebecca A. Seguin, Scott B. Going, Andrea LaCroix et al. "Changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of falling: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study". ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623524.

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Falling significantly affects quality of life, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. We sought to evaluate the prospective association between sedentary time, physical activity, and falling among post-menopausal women aged 50-79 years recruited to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998 from 40 clinical centers across the United States. Baseline (B) and change in each of the following were evaluated at year 3 (Y3) and year 6 (Y6; baseline n= 93,676; Y3 n= 76,598; Y6 n= 75,428): recreational physical activity (MET-h/wk), sitting, sleeping (min/day), and lean body mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (subset N= 6475). Falls per year (0, 1, 2, >= 3) were assessed annually by self-report questionnaire and then dichotomized as = 1 and = 2 falls/year. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics, body mass index, fall history, tobacco and alcohol use, medical conditions, and medications. Higher baseline activity was associated with greater risk of falling at Y6 (18%; p for trend <0.0001). Increasing sedentary time minimally decreased falling (1% Y3; 2% Y6; p < 0.05). Increasing activity up to >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) or maintaining >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29) increased falling at Y3 and Y6 (p for trend <0.001). Adding lean body mass to the models attenuated these relationships. Physically active lifestyles increased falling among post-menopausal women. Additional fall prevention strategies, such as balance and resistance training, should be evaluated to assist post-menopausal women in reaching or maintaining levels of aerobic activity known to prevent and manage several chronic diseases.

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Gunn, Hilary. "An investigation of accidental falls in people with multiple sclerosis". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3315.

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More than 50% of people with MS fall in any six-month period. The importance of developing a suitable falls management programme has been identified by people with MS and professionals. This thesis aimed to develop a model for an MS falls intervention. The studies employed a systematic approach to evaluate the risk factors for falls and to identify the optimal programme content, format and structure. Methods The thesis comprises two sections; the first involving a systematic review and an observational study of falls risk factors (n=148). Part two included a second systematic review to inform programme content, and a nominal group study (n=36) to explore approach, format and structure from the perspective of key stakeholders. Results Part one identified the potential target group (people at key mobility transition stages and those with progressive MS), and mechanisms by which the intervention could act (the identification of specific risk factors associated with falls in MS). These include non-modifiable disease and demographic characteristics (e.g. MS classification and gender), and potentially modifiable clinical characteristics (including balance, mobility, continence issues and medication usage). Part two identified that an MS specific falls programme should address falls and participation-related outcomes, incorporating educational activities and a programme of individually tailored gait, balance and functional training. The programme should use a collaborative approach; supporting participants to achieve sufficient intensity and duration of exercise and to integrate falls prevention strategies into their daily lives. The programme should enable participants to engage flexibly according to individual needs and preferences. Conclusions This thesis has identified specific risk factors associated with accidental falls in MS. The evaluation indicates that the success and sustainability of an MS falls programme requires that it is MS specific, employs a collaborative approach and moves away from the group-based, weekly format common to many generic falls programmes.

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Nilsagård, Ylva. "Walking ability, balance and accidental falls in persons with Multiple Sclerosis". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2518.

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By using a pragmatic paradigm, different research methodologies were employed in this thesis. MS-related symptoms may be exaggerated due to heatsensitivity and it is supposed that cooling garments relieve the symptoms. The effects of wearing a Rehband® vest were evaluated in a sample of 42 persons with MS in a randomised controlled crossover study. Both objective and subjective statistically significant improvements were found when a cooled Rehband® vest was worn compared to the wearing of a room-tempered vest. Using a repeated-measures design, 10m and 30m timed walks and Timed Up and Go were studied in 42 persons with MS. Reproducibility was investigated within and between test points. High reproducibility was found both within (r=0.97–0.98) and between measure points (r=0.91–0.93). The correlation between the three tests was high (r=0.85). Differences at –23% to +40% were established as being needed to detect genuine changes. Severity of MS infl uenced the size of the differences, especially for the 30m timed walk test. The 12-item MS Walking Scale was translated and used in a cross-sectional study. Out of 81 persons with MS, 89–96% perceived limitations in standing or walking. The internal consistency of the scale was acceptable for nine items (0.69–0.84). The concurrent validity between the 12-item MS Walking Scale and the investigated objective tests was low: Berg Balance Scale (r=–0.368**), Four Square Step Test (r=0.338**) and Timed Up and Gocognitive (r=0.319*). A prevalence of falling was found at 63% in a longitudinal cohort study with prospectively registered falls including 76 persons with MS. The odds of falling were fi ve fold when there was a reported need of using a walking aid indoors and outdoors and by 2.5 to 15.6 times while there was disturbed proprioception, depending on severity. The highest sensitivity was found for the Berg Balance Scale (94%) and the highest specifi city was found for the 12-item MS Walking Scale (82%). Positive predictive values at 70–83% were found for the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Gocognitive, the Four Square Step Test and the 12-item MS Walking Scale. Finally, we explored and described factors that persons with MS perceive as related to accidental falls. A content analysis with a deductive approach was chosen. By conducting interviews, we found previously untargeted factors: divided attention, reduced muscular endurance, fatigue and heat-sensitivity. The content of the interviews also gave support to previously reported risk factors such as changes in gait pattern, walking disability, impaired proprioception and vision, and spasticity.

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Beavis, Anne-Marie, Lynette Mackenzie, Lindy Clemson e Amy Tan. "Systematic review (and meta-analysis) of interventions studies with GP involvement in falls prevention for community dwelling older people". Thesis, Discipline of Occupational Therapy, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18337.

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Falls are a significant health problem for the ageing population as health outcomes decline as 30% of people over the age of 65 experience at least one fall annually. Prevention interventions are well established in the literature but falls continue in high numbers in Australia, in line with global trends. General practitioners are well situated to reduce falls for community dwelling older people but research is unclear which interventions are effective in the general practice context. Using a systematic review methodology with meta-analysis this review has addressed the question of which interventions are applicable in the general practice context. This study has identified falls risk screening, medication screening and management, and general practitioner training and education to be effective interventions to reduce falls in older people.

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Eriksson, Staffan. "Falls in people with dementia". Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1449.

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Matinolli, M. (Maarit). "Balance, mobility and falls in Parkinson’s disease". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514292330.

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Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease which is characterized by resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Advanced PD is often complicated by falls, immobilisation and progressive deterioration of overall physical capability that may jointly contribute to a reduced quality of life and even to increased mortality. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for falls and mortality in PD, to assess the clinical correlates of balance and mobility, and to evaluate the association between orthostatic hypotension (OH), balance and mobility. From a total population of approximately 205 000 inhabitants, 125 patients with idiopathic PD were included in the study. Baseline medical data including occurrence of recent falls were collected, and patients were clinically tested for balance, mobility and orthostatic blood pressure reactions. Falls were thereafter prospectively recorded for two years using fall diaries and follow-up calls. Mortality was documented by reviewing the hospital charts four years after the baseline examination. In the cross-sectional part of the study, one-third of the patients reported recent falling. Disease duration and severity, recent falling and use of a walking aid were predictors of increased postural sway in PD. Advanced age and severity of the disease were related to impaired balance and mobility in PD patients. Severity of the disease and increased postural sway were independent risk factors for recent falling in PD, whereas measures of mobility were less important in this manner. Fifty-three percent of the patients had OH in the orthostatic test. Patients with OH had significantly increased postural sway in standing compared to patients without OH. On the contrary, OH was not associated with mobility and walking speed. In the present data, OH was not associated with the risk of falling in PD. Sixty-three percent of the study patients experienced falls and almost half of the subjects fell recurrently during the two-year follow-up. History of falling and disease severity indicated increased risk of recurrent falls in PD, while patients with slow walking speed had an increased risk of mortality. The results show that balance impairment and falls are common features in PD. Slow walking speed may be associated with increased mortality in PD.

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Boyle, Nichola Mary. "Falls in older people: Examining risk factors in specific subgroups and the effectiveness of a specialist-led falls prevention intervention". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17976.

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Accidental falls remain an important healthcare issue for older people. We report on three studies examining risk predictors for further falls, falls-related hospital attendances and mortality, and then test the effectiveness of a hospital-based falls prevention intervention. A prospective study of 498 older people who attended an Emergency Department (E.D.) with a fall showed that age 80 years and older was the greatest predictor of further falls, with a 2-fold increased adjusted risk by 5 years (HR 2.00; 95% C.I. 1.42 – 2.82). Mortality following an E.D. presentation with a fall was 19% at 1 year, increasing to 52% by 5 years. Increasing age and assistance with ADLs predicted both ED re-presentation and mortality. Being female and falls due to syncope were protective. The Concord Health and Ageing in Men (CHAMP), is a longitudinal study of 1705 men. Previous history of falls was the most significant predictor of future falls (IRR 3.12; 95% C.I. 2.49 – 3.91) and falls injury hospitalisations at 10 years (HR 1.48; 95% C.I. 1.09 – 1.99) in this cohort. Risk factors for falls included increasing age, disability in ADLs, being single, dementia, having 3 or more comorbidities, polypharmacy and reduced visual acuity. Dementia was associated with 2-fold increased risk of falls injury hospitalisation at 10 years (HR 2.67; 95% C.I. 1.69 – 4.22). Men born in a non-English-speaking country and men who were still working were less likely to be hospitalised die to a fall injury. A randomised controlled trial (n = 81) of a specialist-led CONFABs clinic versus enhanced G.P. coordinated care, showed an increased rate of falls (IRR 2.39; 95% C.I. 1.09 – 5.27) and risk of falls (RR 1.79; 95% C.I. 1.10 – 2.96) at 1 year with the CONFABS clinic intervention. There was no significant difference in the rate of injurious falls or in the number of fractures between the interventions. Compliance with recommendations was similar in both groups, although more falls prevention strategies were recommended to the falls clinic participants. There are shared risk factors for falls, fall hospitalisations and mortality, with increasing age, functional disability and dementia the most important to consider. Falls prevention strategies may be successfully provided in General Practice, supported by specialist risk assessment and recommendations.

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Pedemont, Karen. "Predicting falls risk in a non-English speaking older population". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12681.

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Background To determine if the QuickScreen© clinical falls risk assessment tool, can accurately predict the risk of falling in non-English speaking, community-dwelling older people. To date, the QuickScreen© has not been validated for use with this population. Method A letter/matching board was designed for use with the QuickScreen’s© low contrast acuity chart, to assist the non-English speaking participants in providing a vision response. A pilot study was conducted (n=30) to assess the validity and feasibility of this board, to be used to obtain accurate acuity regardless of language skill. The QuickScreen© tool was conducted with a sample of 34 non-English speaking participants (mean age 77 years ± 6.61) and their falls were monitored for a 12 month period. Finally, these participants were investigated more thoroughly in individual case studies and their activity determined during the study period. Results The designed letter/matching board did not impact on performance by adding complexity, or enabling guessing (one-way ANOVA P = 0.66). This board was found to be easy to use and not time exhaustive. The correlation between the number of falls and the QuickScreen© falls risk score was not statistically significant (spearman correlation rs = 0.062, P = 0.73). The qualitative study provided additional information about two of the participants, suggesting the possibility of culture influencing falls risk and the need to re-consider high contrast visual acuity as a predictor of falls in older people. Conclusion The researcher successfully adapted the QuickScreen© for use in a non-English speaking population in a clinical setting. The evidence suggests that the QuickScreen© is not suitable for use with non-English speaking older people and needs revisiting in a larger community based sample; that the relative importance of falls risk factors may vary between cultural groups, suggesting that falls risk screening tools may need to be tailored to particular cultural groups.

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Skanebo, Emil. "Antihypertensive treatmentin elderly and risk of falls : a systematic review". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-77061.

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Introduction The consequences of falling can be fatal to elderly. The mortality, morbidity and the risk ofanxiety and depression increases following a fall. Drug prescription is a preventable fall risk,making the association between antihypertensive medications and risk of falling an importantarea of investigation. Aim Compile the results from studies which have examined the effect of initiating or changing theantihypertensive medication on fall risk in people aged 60 years or older. Methods Data sources: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. Study selection: Original articles ofcohort-, case control-, case crossover-, cross-sectional- and randomized controlled trial type,published between January 2000 and May 2019 and written in English were included. Dataassessment: 6 studies met the criteria and were included. Study quality was assessed for eachstudy. Results Three studies found significant short-term increase in fall risk, regardless of drug type. Onestudy discovered an 18% increase in fall risk for every 5-day gap in treatment. Two studiesevaluated antihypertensive drug types separately and found contradictive results of thiazidediuretics on short-term fall risk. Calcium channel blockers showed a protective effect andbeta blockers an increased risk during the first 3 weeks after initiating treatment. Conclusions No consistent consensus was seen regarding the short-term fall risk in separateantihypertensive drug types, though most studies agree in a short-term risk increase aftergeneral antihypertensive treatment initiation or change.

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Libri sul tema "Accidental falls"

Roger, Haslam, e Stubbs David 1947-, a cura di. Understanding and preventing falls. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2005.

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Darowski, Adam. Falls: The facts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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L, Vincent Mathis, e Moreau Theo M, a cura di. Accidental falls: Causes, preventions, and interventions. New York: Nova Science, 2008.

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World Health Organization. Ageing and Life Course Unit., a cura di. WHO global report on falls prevention in older age. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2008.

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Alvord, Lynn Stephen. Falls assessment and prevention: Home, hospice, and extended care. San Diego, CA: Plural Pub., 2008.

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Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario., a cura di. Prevention of falls & fall injuries in the older adult. Toronto: Registered Nurses Association of Ontario = L'Association des infirmieÌr̀es et infirmiers autoriseÌŝ de l'Ontario, 2002.

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Hyde, A. S. Accidental falls: Their causes and their injuries : fundamentals of slipping, tripping, stumbling, tumbling, and crumpling. Key Biscayne, FL: HAI, 1996.

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Downton, Joanna H. Falls in the elderly. London: Edward Arnold, 1993.

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Association, American Medical Directors. Falls and fall risk: Clinical practice guideline, 1998. [Columbia, Md.?]: American Medical Directors Association, 1998.

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Tideiksaar, Rein. Falling in old age: Its prevention and management. 2^a ed. New York, NY: Springer Publishing, 1997.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Accidental falls"

Baker, Julien S., Fergal Grace, Lon Kilgore, David J. Smith, Stephen R. Norris, Andrew W. Gardner, Robert Ringseis et al. "Preventing Accidental Falls". In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 726. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_4463.

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Dnes, Michael. "Planning by Accident". In The Rise and Fall of London’s Ringways, 1943–1973, 53–82. New York : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2019. | Series: Routledge advances in urban history; 6 | Revision of author’s thesis (Master’s)—University of Cambridge, 2006.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429344176-4.

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Lee, Seungsoo, Seongwoo Son, Pa Pa Win Aung, Minsoo Park e Seunghee Park. "Deep Learning Based Pose Estimation of Scaffold Fall Accident Safety Monitoring". In CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 641–47. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.63.

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According to the Ministry of Manpower, falling and slipping accidents are one of the most common accidents in addition, falls from heights (FFH), including accidents during scaffolding work, are still a major cause of death in the construction industry. Regular safety checks are currently being carried out on construction sites, but scaffold-related accidents continue to occur. Sensing technology is being attempted in many industrial sites for safety monitoring, but there are still limitations in terms of the cost of sensors and object detection, which are limited to certain risks. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based pose estimation approach to identify the risk of falling during scaffolding work in the construction industry. Through analysis of the correlation between unstable behavior during scaffold work and the angle of keypoints of workers, the proposed approach demonstrates the ability to detect the risk of falling. The proposed approach can prevent falling accidents not only by detecting construction site workers, but also by detecting specific risky behaviors. In addition, in limited work environments other than scaffolding work, the information on unstable behavior can be provided to safety managers who may not be aware of the risk, thus contributing to preventing falling accidents

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Dogan, Onur, e Asli Akcamete. "Detecting Falls-from-Height with Wearable Sensors and Reducing Consequences of Occupational Fall Accidents Leveraging IoT". In Advances in Informatics and Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering, 207–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00220-6_25.

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Jacob, Oommen Aju, e Akhilesh Prathap. "Maxillary Fractures". In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1125–49. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_55.

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AbstractFacial trauma is often associated with severe morbidity with respect to loss of function and disfigurement. The maxilla is arguably the most anatomically intricate structure of the face and blunt trauma due to interpersonal violence, motor vehicle accidents, gunshot wounds, industrial accidents and falls contribute to etiology of maxillary fractures. Fractures of the midface are often challenging to the maxillofacial surgeon, due to wide variety of patterns of the fracture, diagnostic challenges and treatment dilemmas. The basic tenet in the management of these fractures is to reconstitute the vertical and horizontal buttresses of the midface, thus reestablishing structure and function. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview on the diagnosis, management and treatment of fractures of the Maxilla.

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Luo, Yunhua. "Low-Trauma Accident Fall and Impact Force". In Image-Based Multilevel Biomechanical Modeling for Fall-Induced Hip Fracture, 65–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51671-4_7.

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Batterman, Scott D., e Steven C. Batterman. "Biomechanical Analysis of Slip, Trip, and Fall Accidents". In Forensic Medicine of the Lower Extremity, 343–55. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-897-8:343.

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Cruz, Arturo J. "The Fall of the Conservative Republic: An Accidental Death, 1889–1896". In Nicaragua’s Conservative Republic, 122–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403919434_6.

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Flores-Barranco, Martha Magali, Mario-Alberto Ibarra-Mazano e Irene Cheng. "Accidental Fall Detection Based on Skeleton Joint Correlation and Activity Boundary". In Advances in Visual Computing, 489–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27863-6_45.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Accidental falls"

González Peréz, Luis Miguel, Johan Wideberg e Borja GONZALEZ PEREZ-SOMARRIBA. "Bicycling-related accidents and factors contributing to injury". In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3718.

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Objective: This study was conducted to find the epidemiological characteristics of bicycling-related maxillofacial fractures in a defined population, and identify factors contributing to injury. Methodology: A prospective study was carried out involving patients presenting with maxillofacial fractures sustained in bicycling-related accidents. Results: Between 908 of all cycling accidents attending for medical treatment, 122 patients (13% of all cycling accidents) were admitted with facial fractures between 2007 and 2014. Male and female ratio was 2.6:1, and the mean age was 29.4 years (standard deviation: 12.8, range: 12-79 years). Causes of injury included collisions (63%) and accidental falls (37%). The fracture patterns seen were mandibular (49%), zygomatic (32%), orbital (13%), nasal (7%), maxillary (2%), and frontal (2%). Condylar fractures were the most common of the mandibular fractures (63%). The most frequently observed concomitant lesions were orthopedic injuries. Conclusions: Bicycling-related maxillofacial injuries are common and therefore important to identify in order to design a sustainable transport system and for units that provide assistance to traffic accident victims. Missed diagnosis or delayed treatment can lead to facial deformities and functional problems. Wearing protective helmets and the improvement of the helmets design is one aspect that would be of interest for the prevention of injuries. Keywords: Cycling; bicycle-related trauma; maxillofacial fractures; risk factors; helmets.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3718

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Tan, X. Gary, e Amit Bagchi. "Modeling and Reconstruction of Multi-Fidelity Traumatic Head Injury due to Blunt Impact". In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70610.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common injuries to service members in recent conflicts. Computational models can offer insights in understanding the underlying mechanism of brain injury, which lead to the crucial development of effective personal protective equipment designed to prevent or mitigate the TBI. Historically many computational models were developed for the brain injury study. However, these models use relatively coarse mesh with a less detailed head anatomy. Many models consider the head only and thus cannot properly model the real scenario, i.e., accidental fall, blunt impact or blast loading. A whole-body finite element model can represent the real scenario but is very expensive to use. By combining the high-fidelity human head model with an articulated human body model, we developed the computational multi-fidelity human models to investigate the blunt- and blast-related TBI efficiently. A high-fidelity computational head model was generated from the high resolution image data to accurately reproduce the complex musculoskeletal and tissue structure of the head. The fast-running articulated human body model is based on the multi-body dynamics and was used to reconstruct the accidental falls. By utilizing the kinematics and force and moment at the joint of the articulated human body model, we can realistically simulate the blunt impact and assess the brain injury using the high-fidelity head model.

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Voo, Liming M., Frank A. Pintar, Narayan Yoganandan e Dennis J. Maiman. "Biodynamics of Cervical Spine Hyperflexion Injuries". In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0314.

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Abstract Hyperflexion injuries of the human cervical spine occur in the vehicular crash environment, contact sports, and accidental falls. Hyperflexion of the head-neck is a violent movement when head-neck is forced to bend forward into extremely position. It often causes injuries to the posterior ligamentous tissues and instability of the lower cervical spine. Cervical spine injuries are frequently associated with head impact. Our previous experimental studies have demonstrated that alignment variation of the head-neck complex with respect to a similar external load vector significantly alters the injury mechanisms and biomechanical response variables (3, 4). Determining the correlation among the alignment condition, spinal column configuration, biomechanical responses, and injury mechanisms can assist the evaluation of injury risks and preventive measures. The present in vitro experimental study was conducted to delineate the biodynamic parameters associated with hyperflexion injury of the cervical spine.

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Klein, Levente J., Sergio A. Bermudez, Fernando J. Marianno, Hendrik F. Hamann e Prabjit Singh. "Energy Efficiency and Air Quality Considerations in Airside Economized Data Centers". In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48349.

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Many data center operators are considering the option to convert from mechanical to free air cooling to improve energy efficiency. The main advantage of free air cooling is the elimination of chiller and Air Conditioning Unit operation when outdoor temperature falls below the data center temperature setpoint. Accidental introduction of gaseous pollutants in the data center along the fresh air and potential latency in response of control infrastructure to extreme events are some of the main concerns for adopting outside air cooling in data centers. Recent developments of ultra-high sensitivity corrosion sensors enable the real time monitoring of air quality and thus allow a better understanding of how airflow, relative humidity, and temperature fluctuations affect corrosion rates. Both the sensitivity of sensors and wireless networks ability to detect and react rapidly to any contamination event make them reliable tools to prevent corrosion related failures. A feasibility study is presented for eight legacy data centers that are evaluated to implement free air cooling.

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Krishna, Nanditha, C. M. Annapurna, Sai Kiran Guttedar e K. S. Anarghya. "Smart Scape: Fall Detection Using Sensors with Shoes for Accident Falls". In 2021 International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict52294.2021.9573820.

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Sun, Jason, e Paul Jukes. "Finite Element Analysis of Clamp-On Buckle Arrestor for Pipe-in-Pipe Flowlines by Reel-Lay Installation". In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57276.

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Development of deep water oil reservoirs are undertaken in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) where the flowlines are installed in the water depths in excess of 3,050m (10,000ft). Deepwater external pressure becomes so significant that it makes local buckling or accidental collapse propagate along the pipeline. Such propagation will not stop until it reaches a region where the external pressure falls below the propagating pressure or where the pipe wall is strengthened. Field data indicates that once a buckle happens, the flowline could collapse many kilometers instantly. It concludes that buckle propagation could cause substantial economical impact if left uncontrolled. For pipe-in-pipe (PIP) flowline, due to lack of pressure differential, the outer pipe becomes a fragile component in terms of buckle propagation. One way to prevent the propagation of local buckling or collapse is to utilize the buckle arrestors of various types. Clamp-on buckle arrestor is so far the best choice for the flowlines to be installed by the Reel-Lay method. The objective of this paper is to present the results of a finite element (FE) study, to reveal the phenomena of collapsing/propagating of the pipe-in-pipe flowline, and to investigate the effectiveness of Clamp-on buckle arrestor for deep water flowlines. Sensitivities of key design parameters are explored with the purpose of guiding detail mechanical design of the clamp-on buckle arrestor.

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Masory, Oren, e Carl Berkowitz. "Train Sideswipe Accidents and Passengers’ Injury". In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8105.

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Abstract Train sideswipe accidents happen when two trains are traveling next to each other in the same or opposite directions and their sides come into contact. In most cases the relative velocity between the trains is very low. In these accidents, standing passengers might lose their balance, fall and impact with objects in their surroundings. Also, in extreme cases seated passenger might be ejected from their seat and get injured by impacting hard objects like handles and edges. These falls are caused by the acceleration and jerk exerted on the passengers during the impact. The train Event Data Recorder (EDR) does not record the train’s acceleration during the collision, as common in vehicle’s EDR, but provides only velocity information that is sampled in very low rate. To determine acceleration and jerk, train’s velocity is extracted from the train Event Data Recorder (EDR) and is used to estimate their value in order for the purpose of evaluation of the severity of the accident. The analysis of actual data extracted from an EDR of a train, that was that was involved in sideswipe accident is presented and compared to current standards. The results indicate that a standing person in case might lose his balance and fall. This results was verified since the two conductors who were walking along the isle lost their balance, fell and were injured feel and injure.

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Olatoye, Oluwafemi, Andrew Oyen Arewa e David Tann. "Role of Human Factors in Fall from Height Fatalities in the UK Construction Industry". In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005310.

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Globally, fall from heights remains incessant in the construction industry with recent statistics revealing that about 65% of fatalities are directly linked to fall from height in the UK construction industry. Moreover, the problem is exacerbated by the persistent and reoccurring nature of falls from height in the construction industry. Yet, research about the contemporary roles of human factors vis-à-vis falls from height across high-risk industries is scarce. Aim: The study aims to provide a robust analysis regarding the role of human factors in fatalities caused by falls from height in the UK construction industry. Research question: What is the relationship between human factors and persistent falls from height incidents in the construction industry? Method: Mixed research methods (Qual-Quan) concept and phenomenological research strategy were adopted for a better understanding of the research variables. The study relied on HSE archived data and data obtained through a response to a Freedom of Information (FOI) request sent to the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) UK for 10 years data on fall accidents in the UK construction industry. Also, a semi-structured interview was conducted with professionals in high-risk industries for better insight into the study. Result: The initial findings of the research show a range of human contributory factors such as workers fatigue, mental slips, hastiness, organisational pressures, etc are responsible for persistent falls among workers. Conclusion: The study findings reveal that 75% of falls from height cases in the UK construction industry are caused by human factors and it further underscores the significant role human factors play in falls from height incidents. Other findings from the study suggest that the use of bespoke and modernised airbag PPE by construction workers has the potential to significantly mitigate the effects of falls from height. The study is part of an ongoing PhD research that seeks to develop a conceptual framework aimed at managing dysfunctional safety practices among workers in the UK’s high-risk industries.

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Van Bree, Michael P., Erick H. Knox, Kenneth M. Smith e Joseph T. Eganhouse. "Stepladder Spreader Bar Structural Integrity and the Impact on Accidents". In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11487.

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Ladder accidents involving stepladders usually reveal damage to the spreader bars. This paper addresses the sufficiency of the present stepladder safety standards, design and testing requirements related to spreader bars. Spreader bars are the hinge members affixed to the sides of the stepladder that facilitate folding. Post-accident observation of buckled spreader bars or detachment from the side rails is frequently suggested as the cause of a user’s fall and injury. In addition to complete detachment at an end of one or both spreaders, several different bending configurations to varying degrees have been observed during accident investigations. These include bars bent into an “S” shape, bars bowed out/in, and bars with compound bending. In order to study these various post accident spreader conditions, stepladders of different size, weight ratings (i.e. types III (200 lb.), II (225 lb.), I (250 lb.), etc.) and material (wood, aluminum and fiberglass) were instrumented with strain gages in relevant locations to monitor stresses during normal use and misuse, as well as during various load tests and during live user falls from ladders. This extensive measurement experience of multiple loading configurations empirically demonstrated that spreader bar forces were minimal both in normal use, and even some circumstances of misuse. The resulting stress does not result in disconnection or deformation. Conversely, the loading of the stepladder structure that occurs in a tip over accident was observed to be more than sufficient to cause the frequently-identified post accident spreader bar damage patterns. On ladders that meet the applicable safety standards, all post accident spreader bar damage was found to be the result of the accident and not the cause.

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Turan, Osman, Rafet Kurt, Beatriz Navas de Maya, Courteney Flower, Hadi Bantan, Ozcan Arslan e Esma Uflaz. "Role Of Design and Operational Deficiencies on Occupational Accidents Onboard Merchant Ships". In SNAME 14th International Marine Design Conference. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/imdc-2022-344.

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_ Although, occupational injuries and fatalities onboard merchant ships show decreasing trends over the years, they are still significantly above the rates observed in the land based industries. This study critically evaluates the maritime occupational injuries and fatalities in international merchant shipping over the last 20 years by reviewing the reported studies and publications; available major data sources and taxonomies around the world with an aim of identifying the causes of those injuries and fatalities. The study, also present the detailed results of the systematic analysis of occupational accident database highlighting main causal factors. The analyses are carried out by studying the injuries and fatalities separately, in order to have a deeper understanding and better identification of the circumstances leading to injuries and fatalities. The study also presents the design and operational deficiencies leading to occupational accidents onboard merchant ships. Results of the data analyses clearly indicate that fall overboard of a person is the top immediate causal factor for fatalities, while slips, trips and falls on the same level is the top immediate causal factor for injuries.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Accidental falls"

Z, Ceylan. SCOPING EVALUATION TO EXPLORE - ROCK FALL ACCIDENT CONDITION ANALYSIS ON MULTI-PURPOSE CANISTER WASTE PACKAGES CORRELATED FROM INTERLOCKING BASKET WASTE PACKAGE DESIGN ANALYSIS (SCPB: N/A). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862233.

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Goel, Dr Divanshu, e Dr Manjeet Singh. HYBRID EXTERNAL FIXATION FOR PROXIMAL TIBIAL FRACTURES. World Wide Journals, febbraio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/1505336.

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Introduction: Intraarticular fractures of the tibial plateau and periarticular fractures of the proximal tibia, caused by high energy trauma pose a therapeutic dilemma. Such fractures are associated with extensive soft tissue damage with or without compound injury. The management of such high velocity injuries become a challenge to the trauma surgeons. The goals of these periarticular fractures management are 1. Restoration of joint congruity by anatomic reduction 2. Stable xation of fractures thus allowing early movements 3. Proper care of injured soft tissues. In earlier days uniplanar external xation were used with various complications like pin track infections and decreased stability. In this study we present the use of hybrid external xation system which includes Ilizarov ring xator and AO rod external xator connected with indigenously manufactured connecting clamps and short shafts augmented with or without minimal internal xation. The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of this hybrid external xation system and to analyse the functional outcome, soft tissue healing and fracture union. To assess the performance of the Hybrid External Fixator Aim and Objective: in the treatment of different types of proximal tibial fractures, to evaluate the functional outcome, soft tissue healing and fracture union and radiological outcome, to evaluate the biomechanical and biological advantage of hybrid external xator, to assess the utility of the indigenously made connecting clamps. Material and Method: The study included 21 cases of periarticular fractures of the proximal tibia which were treated by use of 5/8th Ilizarov ring, AO tubular external xator and with indigenously manufactured connecting clamps & short shaft in a hybrid mode. All cases were prospectively followed up and studied. Almost all the cases (99%) had sustained Road trafc Accidents (high velocity injuries) except one case which had sustained injury by fall of cement wall over her leg. Minimum follow up – 1.5 months, maximum follow up – 12 months, mean follow up – 6.42 months. All fractures were followed according to a protocol. All fractures were treated with either CLOSED REDUCTION AND HYBRID EXTERNAL FIXATION OR WITH MINIMAL OPEN REDUCTION AND A HYBRID SYSTEM. The study group was consisted of 16 males (76%) and 5 females (24%) with an average age for males of 43.06 years (range 25 to 65) and for females of 53.4 years (range 41 to 59). All the patients were in the age group of 26 to 65 years, mean age is 43.09. In the present s Result: tudy of 21 cases, the use of Hybrid external xation, as a denite treatment, for high – energy proximal tibia bicondylar fractures proved to be benecial.

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Investigation of a slip/fall accident. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, ottobre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub99156.

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