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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Accelerated Flames"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 12 ottobre 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2025

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1

Lou, Bo, Yonghai Qiu, and Jianhong Xu. "Characteristics of diffusion flames with accelerated motion." Thermal Science 20, no. 6 (2016): 2113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150413180l.

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The aim of this work is to present an experiment to study the characteristics of a laminar diffusion flame under acceleration. A Bunsen burner (nozzle diameter 8 mm), using liquefied petroleum gas as its fuel, was ignited under acceleration. The temperature field and the diffusion flame angle of inclination were visualised with the assistance of the visual display technology incorporated in MATLAB?. Results show that the 2-d temperature field under different accelerations matched the variation in average temperatures: they both experience three variations at different time and velocity stages.

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2

Zhu, Yuejin, Lei Yu, Gang Dong, Jianfeng Pan, and Zhenhua Pan. "Flow Topology of Three-Dimensional Spherical Flame in Shock Accelerated Flows." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3158091.

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The flow topologies of compressible large-scale distorted flames are studied by means of the analysis of the invariants of the velocity gradient tensor (VGT). The results indicate that compressibility plays a minor role in the distorted flame zone. And the joint probability density function (p.d.f.) of the Q-R diagram appears as a teardrop shape, which is a universal feature of turbulence. Therefore, the distorted flame exhibits the characteristic of large-scale turbulence combustion, especially behind the reflected shock wave, while the p.d.f. of the QS⁎-QW diagram implies that the dissipatio

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3

Dunn-Rankin, D., and M. A. McCann. "Overpressures from nondetonating, baffle-accelerated turbulent flames in tubes." Combustion and Flame 120, no. 4 (2000): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(99)00109-1.

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4

Boettcher, Philipp A., Shyam K. Menon, Brian L. Ventura, Guillaume Blanquart, and Joseph E. Shepherd. "Cyclic flame propagation in premixed combustion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 735 (October 23, 2013): 176–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.495.

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AbstractIn experiments of hot surface ignition and subsequent flame propagation, a puffing flame instability is observed in mixtures that are stagnant and premixed prior to ignition. By varying the size of the hot surface, power input, and combustion vessel volume, it was determined that the instability is a function of the interaction of the flame, with the fluid flow induced by the combustion products rather than the initial plume established by the hot surface. Pressure ranges from 25 to 100 kPa and mixtures of n-hexane/air with equivalence ratios between $\phi = 0. 58$ and 3.0 at room temp

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5

Kiverin, Alexey, Alexey Tyurnin, and Ivan Yakovenko. "On the Critical Condition for Flame Acceleration in Hydrogen-Based Mixtures." Materials 16, no. 7 (2023): 2813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16072813.

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The paper presents a novel numerical approach to the quantitative estimation of the concentration limits for flame acceleration in hydrogen-based mixtures. A series of calculations are carried out for hydrogen–air and hydrogen–oxygen flames in channels. The analysis of the obtained numerical results provided the value of 11 ± 0.25 % hydrogen content in the mixture as a lean concentration limit of flame acceleration that agrees well with the available experimental data. Moreover, the basic physical mechanism responsible for the transition from the steady mode of flame propagation to the acceler

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6

Xu, Cong, Junguang Lin, Zhihua Wang, Kaidi Wan, Shien Sun, and Zhijun Zhou. "Three-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of Near-Field Ozone-Enhanced Lean Premixed Syngas Turbulent Jet Flame." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 3945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113945.

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Due to its enhancement in the flame speed, ozone added in lean premixed syngas turbulent jet flame was investigated by the three-dimensional direct numerical simulation method in the near field of the flame. In the present study, numerical simulations were conducted in the lean premixed syngas turbulent jet flame configuration to explore the effects of ozone addition on freely-propagating turbulent flames. It was seen that turbulence began to significantly affect the flame surface to produce wrinkles in lean premixed gas flame with ozone added after 4D; ozone started to affect the composition

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7

Di Sarli, V., A. Di Benedetto, G. Russo, S. Jarvis, E. J. Long, and G. K. Hargrave. "Large Eddy Simulation and PIV Measurements of Unsteady Premixed Flames Accelerated by Obstacles." Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 83, no. 2 (2009): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-008-9198-3.

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8

Zhang, Xiaoliang, Shibing Kuang, Yanli Zhao, Jun Zhang, and Shengfeng Luo. "Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis of Flame Spread Dynamics over Discrete Thermally Thin Fuels with Various Inclination Angles and Gap Sizes." Fire 7, no. 6 (2024): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire7060177.

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Flame spread over discrete fuels is a typical phenomenon in fire scenes. Experimental and theoretical research on flame spread over discrete thermally thin fuels separated by air gaps with different inclination angles was conducted in the present study. Experiments with six inclination angles ranging from 0° to 85° and various fuel coverage rates from 0.421 to 1 were designed. The flame spread behavior, the characteristic flame size, and the flame spread rate were analyzed. The results show that the flow pattern, stability, and flame size exhibit different characteristics with different inclin

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9

Schneider, F. R. N., O. H. Ramírez-Agudelo, F. Tramper, et al. "The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey." Astronomy & Astrophysics 618 (October 2018): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833433.

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The 30 Doradus (30 Dor) nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the brightest HII region in the Local Group and a prototype starburst similar to those found in high redshift galaxies. It is thus a stepping stone to understand the complex formation processes of stars in starburst regions across the Universe. Here, we have studied the formation history of massive stars in 30 Dor using masses and ages derived for 452 mainly OB stars from the spectroscopic VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey (VFTS). We find that stars of all ages and masses are scattered throughout 30 Dor. This is remarkable because

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10

Hamed, AM, AE Hussin, MM Kamal, and AR Elbaz. "Combustion of a hydrogen jet normal to multiple pairs of opposing methane–air mixtures." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 231, no. 2 (2017): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650916685944.

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The combustion performance of a cylindrical burner accommodating up to six multiple pairs of opposing methane–air mixtures with a cross-flow of hydrogen was addressed. The cross-flow initially duplicated the stagnation impact and enriched the vortical structures. Aided by the resulting flow strain, the transport of heat and active species from the hydrogen oxidation zone to the methane reaction zones accelerated the combustion across the opposing premixed flames and reduced the peak temperature across the outer diffusion flame. Increasing the cross-flow/opposing jets’ velocity ratio to 0.89 me

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11

Otta, Eliana. "Manifesto: Fertilizing mourning – Global South’s offering to a world in flames." Journal of Greek Media & Culture 8, no. 2 (2022): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jgmc_00060_1.

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This manifesto takes the coincidence of Peru’s and Greece’s bicentennials of independence, and their overlap with the COVID-19 pandemic, as a departure point, in order to propose a different understanding of mourning from the Global South. The article is an open invitation to reinforce mourning’s capacity to be a reproductive life force, responding to contemporary experiences of loss in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated processes of extinction, especially in resource extraction zones, like the Amazon. Taking inspiration from ancient Indigenous techniques for soil regenerati

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12

Pang, Kar Mun, Mehdi Jangi, Xue-Song Bai, Jesper Schramm, and Jens Honore Walther. "Modelling of diesel spray flames under engine-like conditions using an accelerated Eulerian Stochastic Field method." Combustion and Flame 193 (July 2018): 363–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.03.030.

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13

Taniguchi, Masayuki, Hirofumi Okazaki, Hironobu Kobayashi, et al. "Pyrolysis and Ignition Characteristics of Pulverized Coal Particles." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 123, no. 1 (2000): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1347989.

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Pyrolysis and ignition characteristics of pulverized coals were examined under similar burning conditions to those of industrial burners. In the early stage, fine particles (less than 37 μm) were mainly pyrolyzed by convective heat transfer from surrounding gas. The coals ignited when pyrolyzed volatile matter mixed with surrounding air and formed a combustible mixture. Pyrolysis of large particles was delayed, but accelerated after ignition by radiant heat transfer from coal flames. The effects of radiant heat transfer were strong for intermediate-size particles (37–74 μm). Ignition temperatu

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14

Hincapié, Fredy F., and Manuel J. García. "A Surrogate Model of Heat Transfer Mechanism in a Domestic Gas Oven: A Numerical Simulation Approach for Premixed Flames." Applied Mechanics 5, no. 2 (2024): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/applmech5020023.

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This paper introduces an innovative analytical model to compute flame velocities and temperatures within a premix burner in a domestic gas oven. This model significantly streamlines the heat transfer simulation process by simplifying the modeling of the thermo-chemical energy release during combustion, effectively reducing complexity and computation time. Accelerated solutions are essential at the initial design stages when comparing the effect of the oven parameter variation on the overall performance. The validation of the proposed analytical model involved experimental assessments of the te

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15

De Giorgi, M. G., G. Cinieri, G. Marseglia, Z. Ali Shah, and Ghazanfar Mehdi. "Combustion Efficiency of Carbon-neutral Fuel using Micro-Combustor Designed for Aerospace Applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2716, no. 1 (2024): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2716/1/012091.

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Abstract Recent advancements in the field of micro combustor research are growing for achieving high-performance systems in micro power generation and microelectromechanical devices. To mitigate the hazardous emissions from carbon fuels, as an alternative, zero-carbon-free fuels ammonia, and hydrogen are being explored in micro combustion processes. The distinctive feature of a micro combustor lies in its significantly higher area to volume ratio in comparison with traditional combustion systems, leading to accelerated combustion reaction rates. However, the small size of micro combustors pose

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16

Hong, Sogu. "The Path to European Integration: The Formation of a New Ukrainian Identity in the Flames of War." East European and Balkan Institute 49, no. 1 (2025): 135–63. https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2025.49.1.135.

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The annexation of Crimea, the war in Donbass in 2014, and the full-scale invasion by Russia in February 2022 accelerated the transformation and formation of Ukrainian national identity. In particular, this war created a sense of ‘threat’ in Ukrainian society, formed a collective identity, and promoted the process of making Russia a common other and enemy for Ukraine. The war waged by Russia since 2014 has rather given Ukrainians a sense of civic belonging and national pride, and a sense of responsibility for national defense and national solidarity. In addition, these wars have broadly strengt

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17

Lin, R. P. "Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares and Coronal Mass Ejections." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 195 (2000): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900162746.

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The Sun accelerates ions up to tens of GeV and electrons up to 100s of MeV in solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The energy in the accelerated tens-of-keV electrons and possibly ~1 MeV ions constitutes a significant fraction of the total energy released in a flare, implying that the particle acceleration and flare energy release mechanisms are intimately related. The total rate of energy release in transients from flares down to microflares/nanoflares may be significant for heating the active solar corona.Shock waves driven by fast CMEs appear to accelerate the high-energy particles in l

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18

Thomas, James Chris, Cythia Kunz, Max Fondren, Olivier Mathieu, and Eric Petersen. "A Novel Framework for Consequence Prediction of Battery Thermal Runaway Failure Hazards." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (2023): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012563mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely utilized for energy storage in a broad range of applications, such as handheld electronics, emobility, spaceflight vehicles, etc. Thermal runaway (TR) and subsequent combustion of LIBs represent several significant hazards to consumers, including substantial energy release, jet flames, toxic gases, airborne particulates, and secondary explosions. Numerous experimental investigations in the literature have measured the energy release and chemical composition of off-gasses during LIB TR, but little theoretical work has been completed to this end. The curre

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19

Li, Tao, Haowen Chen, and Benjamin Böhm. "Experimental Assessment of the Effects of Gas Composition on Volatile Flames of Coal and Biomass Particles in Oxyfuel Combustion Using Multi-Parameter Optical Diagnostics." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1817. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061817.

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This experimental study examines the particle-level combustion behavior of high-volatile bituminous coal and walnut shell particles in oxyfuel environments, with a particular focus on the gas-phase ignition characteristics and the structural development of volatile flames. Particles with similar size and shape distributions (a median diameter of about 126 µm and an aspect ratio of around 1.5) are combusted in hot flows generated using lean, flat flames, where the oxygen mole fraction is systematically varied in both CO2/O2 and N2/O2 atmospheres while maintaining comparable gas temperatures and

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20

KOVAL, Yu N., A. S. ANDREEV, and N. Z. AGAFONOVA. "Analysis of the Application of Fire Protective Composition for Wooden Structures." Stroitel'nye Materialy 819, no. 11 (2023): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31659/0585-430x-2023-819-11-10-13.

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In construction, coniferous wood is usually used as load-bearing and enclosing structures. Wood is characterized by the ability to ignite and spread combustion when heated in air. Wooden building structures pose a fire hazard, since with an initial impulse of external thermal energy, ignition is possible. In addition, when a fire occurs in buildings and structures where wood is located, a number of dangerous fire factors arise: flames, sparks, heat flow, toxic combustion products, extremely low oxygen concentrations, decreased visibility due to smoke. In this regard, it becomes relevant to tre

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21

Gopalswamy, Nat. "The Sun and Space Weather." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (2022): 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111781.

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The explosion of space weather research since the early 1990s has been partly fueled by the unprecedented, uniform, and extended observations of solar disturbances from space- and ground-based instruments. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from closed magnetic field regions and high-speed streams (HSS) from open-field regions on the Sun account for most of the disturbances relevant to space weather. The main consequences of CMEs and HSS are their ability to cause geomagnetic storms and accelerate particles. Particles accelerated by CME-driven shocks can pose danger to humans and their technologica

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22

Wang, Yi, Chengyun Li, Maohui Su, Wenhua Zhou, Francis Oppong, and Cangsu Xu. "Combustion characteristics of methanol with turbulent jet ignition in a constant volume combustion chamber." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2025): 117. https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci250325117w.

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Methanol is a renewable and sustainable energy source with potential to overcome energy scarcity, global warming, and environmental pollution caused by the overdependence on fossil energy. However, its application in engines faces challenges, particularly the cold start issues. Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) presents a promising solution due to its advantage of multipoint ignition, and thereby a comprehensive study of TJI can contribute to guide the design and optimization of methanol engines. This work establishes an experimental system, employing the high-speed schlieren imaging technique to o

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23

Gong, Zhen, and Hao Tang. "Numerical Study of High-g Combustion Characteristics in a Channel with Backward-Facing Steps." Aerospace 11, no. 9 (2024): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090767.

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High gravity (high-g) combustion can significantly increase flame propagation speed, thereby potentially shortening the axial length of aero-engines and increasing their thrust-to-weight ratio. In this study, we utilized the large eddy simulation model to investigate the combustion characteristics and flame morphology evolution of premixed propane–air flames in a channel with a backward-facing step. The study reveals that both the increase in centrifugal force and flow velocity can enhance pressure fluctuations during combustion and increase the turbulence intensity. The presence of centrifuga

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24

Liu, Duo, Shaochen Sun, and Lin Wang. "Numerical Simulation of the Propagation of Premixed Gas in a Pipe Flame Arrestor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2488, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2488/1/012005.

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Abstract In this paper, a numerical model of the propagation process of premixed gas in a pipeline flame arrestor is established and solved. The numerical simulation results show that the flame propagation velocity and pressure variation curves of the propane-air premixed gas are the same as those of the ethylene-air premixed gas. The flame front and pressure oscillate periodically throughout the process, and the flame speed oscillates down when the flame front reaches approximately the middle and rear of the pipe. In contrast, the flame velocity versus pressure curve for the explosion of hydr

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Wang, Yue, Xin Zhang, Xinmiao Fan, and Yanfei Li. "Simulation and Research of Methane Premixed Combustion Characteristics Based on Constant Volume Combustion Chamber with Different Ignition Modes." Energies 16, no. 20 (2023): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16207016.

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Dual spark plug ignition can accelerate the burning velocity of nature gas and improve the engine performance. However, the mechanism between the two flames and the disturbance characteristics of flame to flow field during the combustion process under different ignition strategies are still unclear. In order to reduce the interference of other external factors, this paper is based on the CFD software CONVERGE 3.0, using G equations combined with SAGE detailed chemical reaction mechanism, the combustion model is constructed based on the closed constant volume combustion chamber. The accuracy of

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26

MIROSHNICHENKO, L. I., and J. A. PEREZ-PERAZA. "ASTROPHYSICAL ASPECTS IN THE STUDIES OF SOLAR COSMIC RAYS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 01 (2008): 1–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08037312.

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This review paper comprises main concepts, available observational data and recent theoretical results related to astrophysical aspects of particle acceleration at/near the Sun and extreme capacities of the solar accelerator(s). We summarize underground and ground-based observations of solar cosmic rays (SCR) accumulated since 1942, direct spacecraft measurements of solar energetic particles (SEP) near the Earth's orbit, indirect information on the SCR variations in the past, and other relevant astrophysical, solar and geophysical data. The list of the problems under discussion includes: upper

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27

Han, Haoyang, Jundong Zhang, and Ruizheng Jiang. "Feature Design Assessment of the Ship Fire Alarm System." Scientific Programming 2021 (July 23, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3934428.

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Damages and misfortunes caused by fire on ships have recently accelerated the creation of new approaches, development, and building the security and unchanging quality of the fire detection framework. Simultaneously, with the growing interest in better early fire detection and prevention, numerous frameworks are being created for the detection of progress, with control calculations having the task of carefully preparing and identifying true/false signals from fire or flames or the true alarm from false alarms. By utilizing the assistance provided by innovation, transport owners are more likely

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Brooks, David H., and Stephanie L. Yardley. "The source of the major solar energetic particle events from super active region 11944." Science Advances 7, no. 10 (2021): eabf0068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf0068.

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Shock waves associated with fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) accelerate solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the long duration, gradual events that pose hazards to crewed spaceflight and near-Earth technological assets, but the source of the CME shock-accelerated plasma is still debated. Here, we use multi-messenger observations from the Heliophysics System Observatory to identify plasma confined at the footpoints of the hot, core loops of active region 11944 as the source of major gradual SEP events in January 2014. We show that the elemental composition signature detected spectroscopically

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Costa, Mariana C. F., Valeria S. Marangoni, Pei Rou Ng, Hang T. L. Nguyen, Alexandra Carvalho, and A. H. Castro Neto. "Accelerated Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Graphene." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020551.

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Graphene oxide (GO) is an oxygenated functionalized form of graphene that has received considerable attention because of its unique physical and chemical properties that are suitable for a large number of industrial applications. Herein, GO is rapidly obtained directly from the oxidation of graphene using an environmentally friendly modified Hummers method. As the starting material consists of graphene flakes, intercalant agents are not needed and the oxidation reaction is enhanced, leading to orders of magnitude reduction in the reaction time compared to the conventional methods of graphite o

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Pang, Lei, Qianran Hu, Mengjie Jin, and Kai Yang. "Effect of Congestion on Flow Field of Vented Natural Gas Explosion in a Kitchen." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (January 12, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671875.

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The process of gas explosion venting in a typical Chinese civil kitchen was investigated using computational fluid dynamics technology, focusing on the impact of the scale and cross-sectional characteristics of congestion, such as common furniture and electrical appliances, on the explosion flow-field parameters. An asymmetrical distribution of congestion will cause the uneven combustion of explosion flames in the kitchen. The flame will initially spread on one side of the room and then accelerate toward the surrounding areas, thereby increasing the risk of indoor gas explosion. The typical in

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Jeffrey, Natasha L. S., Säm Krucker, Morgan Stores, et al. "A Modeling Investigation for Solar Flare X-Ray Stereoscopy with Solar Orbiter/STIX and Earth-orbiting Missions." Astrophysical Journal 964, no. 2 (2024): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad236f.

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Abstract The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) on board Solar Orbiter (SolO) provides a unique opportunity to systematically perform stereoscopic X-ray observations of solar flares with current and upcoming X-ray missions at Earth. These observations will produce the first reliable measurements of hard X-ray (HXR) directivity in decades, providing a new diagnostic of the flare-accelerated electron angular distribution and helping to constrain the processes that accelerate electrons in flares. However, such observations must be compared to modeling, taking into account electron a

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Scepi, Nicolas, Jason Dexter, and Mitchell C. Begelman. "Sgr A* X-ray flares from non-thermal particle acceleration in a magnetically arrested disc." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 511, no. 3 (2022): 3536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac337.

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ABSTRACT Sgr A* exhibits flares in the near-infrared and X-ray bands, with the luminosity in these bands increasing by factors of 10–100 for ≈60 min. One of the models proposed to explain these flares is synchrotron emission of non-thermal particles accelerated by magnetic reconnection events in the accretion flow. We use the results from particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection to post-process 3D two-temperature GRMHD simulations of a magnetically arrested disc (MAD). We identify current sheets, retrieve their properties, estimate their potential to accelerate non-thermal particl

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Yoshimori, Masato, and Hiroyuki Watanabe. "Numbers of Protons Accelerated in Solar Flares." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54, no. 7 (1985): 2406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.54.2406.

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Fan, Duoming, Donald E. Willcox, Christopher DeGrendele, Michael Zingale, and Andrew Nonaka. "Neural Networks for Nuclear Reactions in MAESTROeX." Astrophysical Journal 940, no. 2 (2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9a4b.

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Abstract We demonstrate the use of neural networks to accelerate the reaction steps in the MAESTROeX stellar hydrodynamics code. A traditional MAESTROeX simulation uses a stiff ODE integrator for the reactions; here, we employ a ResNet architecture and describe details relating to the architecture, training, and validation of our networks. Our customized approach includes options for the form of the loss functions, a demonstration that the use of parallel neural networks leads to increased accuracy, and a description of a perturbational approach in the training step that robustifies the model.

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Chen 陈, Bin 彬., Xiangliang Kong, Sijie Yu, et al. "Energetic Electrons Accelerated and Trapped in a Magnetic Bottle above a Solar Flare Arcade." Astrophysical Journal 971, no. 1 (2024): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad531a.

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Abstract Where and how flares efficiently accelerate charged particles remains an unresolved question. Recent studies revealed that a “magnetic bottle” structure, which forms near the bottom of a large-scale reconnection current sheet above the flare arcade, is an excellent candidate for confining and accelerating charged particles. However, further understanding its role requires linking the various observational signatures to the underlying coupled plasma and particle processes. Here we present the first study combining multiwavelength observations with data-informed macroscopic magnetohydro

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Reames, Donald V. "Solar Particle Acceleration." Astronomy 4, no. 1 (2025): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy4010005.

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High-energy particles may be accelerated widely in stellar coronae; probably by the same processes we find in the Sun. Here, we have learned of two physical mechanisms that dominate the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs). The highest energies and intensities are produced in “gradual” events where shock waves are driven from the Sun by fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Smaller, but more numerous “impulsive” events with unusual particle compositions are produced during magnetic reconnection in solar jets and flares. Jets provide open magnetic field lines where SEPs can e

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Zhou, Yang, Haoteng Chen, and Xu Yan. "Critical Criterion for Flame Spread Acceleration of Concave Surfaces with Different Curvatures." Fire 8, no. 8 (2025): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8080292.

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Abstract (sommario):

Concave surface is a common geometry in both industrial buildings and natural environments; the flame spread behaviors on this special surface are worth studying, while few studies have been completed yet. In this study, kraft paper, which is a typical charring material, was chosen to investigate the behaviors of concurrent flame spread on concave surfaces. The results showed that there were three stages of the flame spread process on a concave surface: the flame gathering stage, the flame acceleration stage and the flame burnout stage. A peak mass loss rate was found at the end of the flame a

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38

Ramaty, R., and N. Mandzhavidze. "Gamma-rays from Solar Flares." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 195 (2000): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900162850.

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Abstract (sommario):

Gamma-ray emission is the most direct diagnostic of energetic ions and relativistic electrons in solar flares. Analysis of solar flare gamma-ray data has shown: (i) ion acceleration is a major consequence of flare energy release, as the total flare energy in accelerated particles appears to be equipartitioned between ≳ 1 MeV/nucleon ions and ≳ 20 keV electrons, and amounts to an important fraction of the total energy release; (ii) there are flares for which over 50% of the energy is in a particles and heavier ions; (iii) in both impulsive and gradual flares, the particles that interact at the

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39

Huang, Weixing, Tonghui Yang, and Zhengye Lv. "Analysis of fire test methods and airworthiness requirements for materials in the cabin of civil aircraft." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2961, no. 1 (2025): 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2961/1/012011.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The safety of aircraft cabin materials is related to the safety of passengers and aircraft. With the development of science and technology, the types of materials are becoming more and more abundant, with frequent applications in the aircraft cabin, cargo compartment, and other locations. A large number of these materials improve the economic comfort of the aircraft. When a fire occurs, the performance of the materials involved can significantly influence the fire’s progression, which in turn affects the safety of passengers and the aircraft. Additionally, it can impact emergency evac

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40

Kimura, Shigeo S., Shinsuke Takasao, and Kengo Tomida. "Modeling Hadronic Gamma-Ray Emissions from Solar Flares and Prospects for Detecting Nonthermal Signatures from Protostars." Astrophysical Journal 944, no. 2 (2023): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acb649.

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Abstract We investigate gamma-ray emission in the impulsive phase of solar flares and the detectability of nonthermal signatures from protostellar flares. Energetic solar flares emit high-energy gamma rays of GeV energies, but their production mechanism and emission site are still unknown. Young stellar objects, including protostars, also exhibit luminous X-ray flares, but the triggering mechanism of the flaring activity is still unclear owing to the strong obscuration. Nonthermal signatures in millimeter/submillimeter and gamma-ray bands are useful to probe protostellar flares owing to their

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41

Verma, Virendra Kumar, Nishant Mittal, and Ramesh Chandra. "Some kinematics of halo coronal mass ejections." Open Astronomy 29, no. 1 (2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/astro-2020-0010.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractWe present an investigation of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) kinematics and other facts about the HCMEs. The study of HCMEs is very important because HCMEs are regarded as the main causes of heliospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. In this study, we have investigated 313 HCMEs observed during 1996-2012 by LASCO, coronal holes, and solar flares. We find that HCMEs are of two types: accelerated HCMEs and decelerated HCMEs. The mean space speed of HCMEs is 1283 km/s while the mean speed of decelerated HCMEs and accelerated HCMEs is 1349 km/s and 1174 km/s, respectively. The invest

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42

Ongar, Bulbul, Iliya K. Iliev, Vlastimir Nikolić, and Aleksandar Milašinović. "THE STUDY AND THE MECHANISM OF NITROGEN OXIDES’ FORMATION IN COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 2 (2018): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fume171114026o.

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Abstract (sommario):

The burning of all fossil fuels is accompanied by the production of large quantities of nitrogen oxides. Nitrogen oxide from coal combustion is formed from the molecular nitrogen in the air and the nitrogen contained in the fuel. In accordance with the mechanism of formation of nitric oxide from fuel, it is desirable to increase the concentration of coal dust in the flame. The thermal regime of combustion accelerates the release of volatiles, with flames spreading out and the coke residue contributes to the chemical reduction of NOx. In this work we consider the specific issues of the formatio

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43

Ramaty, R. "Nuclear processes and accelerated particles in solar flares." Solar Physics 113, no. 1-2 (1987): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00147699.

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44

Komarova, M. A., I. A. Grishin, N. O. Melnikov, M. V. Shalabin, and M. I. Vedyakov. "Efficiency assessment of flame retardant coatings in the process of accelerated climatic aging." Bulletin of Science and Research Center of Construction 42, no. 3 (2024): 28–46. https://doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2024-3(42)-28-46.

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Abstract (sommario):

Introduction. The warranty or predicted service life of the flame retardant coatings, depending on the service conditions, is a crucial parameter in ensuring fire safety. Service life, or durability, can be defined as the ability of the flame retardant coating to resist external influences, i.e., to remain unchanged and retain its efficiency under climatic and various adverse factors. Since full-scale testing of the coatings’ durability is time consuming, accelerated testing methods are relevant.Aim. To test methods for determining the resistance to climatic factors during aging in an open ind

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45

Gritsyk, P. A., and B. V. Somov. "Electron Acceleration in Collapsing Magnetic Traps during the Solar Flare on July 19, 2012: Observations and Models." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S335 (2017): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317008912.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractUsing the appropriate kinetic equation, we considered the problem of propagation of accelerated electrons into the solar corona and chromosphere. Its analytical solution was used for modelling the M7.7 class limb flare occurred on July 19, 2012. Coronal above-the-loop-top hard X-Ray source was interpreted in the thin-target approximation, the foot-point source - in the thick-target approximation with account of the reverse-current electric field. For the foot-point source we found a good accordance with the RHESSI observations. For the coronal source we also got very accurate estimate

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46

Striepe, Melissa Cusack, Alexandre Milovanoff, Amir F. N. Abdul-Manan, Jon McKechnie, I. Daniel Posen, and Heather L. MacLean. "Are vehicle lifespan caps an effective and efficient method for reducing US light-duty vehicle fleet GHG emissions?" Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability 4, no. 2 (2024): 025002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/ad397e.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract With light duty vehicles (LDVs) responsible for 17% of annual US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, integrating emerging GHG-reducing technologies into the fleet is essential. However, the slow rate of vehicle turnover presents a significant barrier to the market penetration of new technologies, with adoption delayed by the low number of vehicles needing replacement each year. A strategy of accelerated vehicle turnover through a vehicle lifespan cap could potentially mitigate this limit. While older studies reach differing conclusions on their effectiveness, two newer studies that incorp

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47

Wu, H., Y. Dai, and M. D. Ding. "Highly Energetic Electrons Accelerated in Strong Solar Flares as a Preferred Driver of Sunquakes." Astrophysical Journal Letters 943, no. 1 (2023): L6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb0d1.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Sunquakes are enhanced seismic waves excited in some energetic solar flares. Up to now, their origin has still been controversial. In this Letter, we select and study 20 strong flares in Solar Cycle 24, whose impulse phase is fully captured by the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager. For 11 out of 12 sunquake-active flares in our sample, the hard X-ray emission shows a good temporal and spatial correlation with the white-light enhancement and the sunquake. Spectral analysis also reveals a harder photon spectrum that extends to several hundred keV, implying a considera

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48

Benz, A. O. "Solar and Stellar Flares." Highlights of Astronomy 8 (1989): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s153929960000825x.

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Abstract (sommario):

AbstractThis review concentrates on some selected topics concerning the release of magnetic energy and associated phenomena in flares. Emphasis is on microflares, recent studies of different phases of flares, and propagation and trapping of flare accelerated electrons. The ongoing analysis of the observations of the previous solar cycle reaches a state where quantitative models become possible. The subject of solar flares can be broken up into several, now well defined physical problems.

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49

Anttila, A., L. G. Kocharov, J. Torsti, and R. Vainio. "Long-duration high-energy proton events observed by GOES in October 1989." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (1998): 921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0921-0.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. We consider the prolonged injection of the high-energy (>10 MeV) protons during the three successive events observed by GOES in October 1989. We apply a solar-rotation-stereoscopy approach to study the injection of the accelerated particles from the CME-driven interplanetary shock waves in order to find out how the effectiveness of the particle acceleration and/or escape depends on the angular distance from the shock axis. We use an empirical model for the proton injection at the shock and a standard model of the interplanetary transport. The model can reproduce rather well the ob

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50

Mochtar, A. A., Jalaluddin, A. Mangkau, A. Sakka, I. Aqsa, and M. Khoir. "Biogas Production in a Variety of Sawdust and Cow Dung Mixtures Using the Intermittent Mixing Method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2739, no. 1 (2024): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2739/1/012019.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Cow dung is livestock waste that is very useful for renewable energy sources. The acceleration of the gas rate in cow dung biogas fermentation can be accelerated by the addition of secondary material, sawdust is one of the organic materials that can accelerate the rate of gas production in the formation of cow dung biogas. This study used a mixture composition: (B1) 675 g cow dung and 0 g sawdust, (B2) 472.5 g cow dung and 202.5 sawdust, (B3) 450 g cow dung and 225 g sawdust, and (B4) 427.5 g cow dung and 247.5 g of sawdust by fermentation for 20 days. In the research process, measure

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