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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 gennaio 2025

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

1

Play, B., Z. Haikal, I. Fromont, O. Ghiringhelli, D. Lairon e D. Jourdheuil-Rahmani. "C28 - Absorption intestinale du cholesterol : regulation par le glucose apical". Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 30, n. 1 (gennaio 2006): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73110-4.

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2

Cottrell, J. J., B. Stoll, R. K. Buddington, J. E. Stephens, L. Cui, X. Chang e D. G. Burrin. "Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects against TPN-induced intestinal hexose malabsorption in enterally refed piglets". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 290, n. 2 (febbraio 2006): G293—G300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00275.2005.

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Premature infants receiving chronic total parenteral nutrition (TPN) due to feeding intolerance develop intestinal atrophy and reduced nutrient absorption. Although providing the intestinal trophic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) during chronic TPN improves intestinal growth and morphology, it is uncertain whether GLP-2 enhances absorptive function. We placed catheters in the carotid artery, jugular and portal veins, duodenum, and a portal vein flow probe in piglets before providing either enteral formula (ENT), TPN or a coinfusion of TPN plus GLP-2 for 6 days. On postoperative day 7, all piglets were fed enterally and digestive functions were evaluated in vivo using dual infusion of enteral (13C) and intravenous (2H) glucose, in vitro by measuring mucosal lactase activity and rates of apical glucose transport, and by assessing the abundances of sodium glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2). Both ENT and GLP-2 pigs had larger intestine weights, longer villi, and higher lactose digestive capacity and in vivo net glucose and galactose absorption compared with TPN alone. These endpoints were similar in ENT and GLP-2 pigs except for a lower intestinal weight and net glucose absorption in GLP-2 compared with ENT pigs. The enhanced hexose absorption in GLP-2 compared with TPN pigs corresponded with higher lactose digestive and apical glucose transport capacities, increased abundance of SGLT-1, but not GLUT-2, and lower intestinal metabolism of [13C]glucose to [13C]lactate. Our findings indicate that GLP-2 treatment during chronic TPN maintains intestinal structure and lactose digestive and hexose absorptive capacities, reduces intestinal hexose metabolism, and may facilitate the transition to enteral feeding in TPN-fed infants.

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3

Leonie Los, E., Henk Wolters, Frans Stellaard, Folkert Kuipers, Henkjan J. Verkade e Edmond H. H. M. Rings. "Intestinal capacity to digest and absorb carbohydrates is maintained in a rat model of cholestasis". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 293, n. 3 (settembre 2007): G615—G622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2007.

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Cholestasis is associated with systemic accumulation of bile salts and with deficiency of bile in the intestinal lumen. During the past years bile salts have been identified as signaling molecules that regulate lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism. Bile salts have also been shown to activate signaling routes leading to proliferation, apoptosis, or differentiation. It is unclear, however, whether cholestasis affects the constitution and absorptive capacity of the intestinal epithelium in vivo. We studied small intestinal morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, expression of intestine-specific genes, and carbohydrate absorption in cholestatic (1 wk bile duct ligation), bile-deficient (1 wk bile diversion), and control (sham) rats. Absorptive capacity was assessed by determination of plasma [2H]- and [13C]glucose concentrations after intraduodenal administration of [2H]glucose and naturally enriched [13C]sucrose, respectively. Small intestinal morphology, proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression of intestinal transcription factors (mRNA levels of Cdx-2, Gata-4, and Hnf-1α, and Cdx-2 protein levels) were similar in cholestatic, bile-deficient, and control rats. The (unlabeled) blood glucose response after intraduodenal administration was delayed in cholestatic animals, but the absorption over 180 min was quantitatively similar between the groups. Plasma concentrations of [2H]glucose and [13C]glucose peaked to similar extents in all groups within 7.5 and 30 min, respectively. Absorption of [2H]glucose and [13C]glucose in plasma was similar in all groups. The present data indicate that neither accumulation of bile salts in the body, nor their intestinal deficiency, two characteristic features of cholestasis, affect rat small intestinal proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or its capacity to digest and absorb carbohydrates.

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4

Balakrishnan, A. "Micromanaging the gut: unravelling the regulatory pathways that mediate the intestinal adaptive response". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, n. 3 (marzo 2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2017.0174.

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Short bowel syndrome occurs following the loss of a large portion of functional intestine and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The intestine exhibits pronounced diurnal rhythms in glucose absorption and mounts a profound proliferative response following massive small bowel resection. Understanding the molecular pathways that underpin this could yield novel treatment options. Two in vivo models were employed using the nocturnally active Sprague Dawley® rat, namely daytime feeding and massive small bowel resection. Glucose absorption exhibited a 24-hour periodicity in the gut and peaked during maximal nutrient delivery, mediated by rhythms in the glucose transporter sodium glucose co-transporter 1 (SGLT1). Feeding during the day shifted the peak in the circadian clock gene PER1 and SGLT1. RNA interference and luciferase assays demonstrated that PER1 transcriptionally regulates SGLT1, linking for the first time clock genes and intestinal glucose absorption. Intestinal proliferation also exhibited diurnal rhythmicity, with peak absorptive surface area occurring during maximal nutrient availability. mir-16 is diurnally expressed in intestinal crypts, exhibiting minimal expression during maximal nutritional availability. mir-16 overexpression increased apoptosis and arrested proliferation in vitro. mir-125a was upregulated in intestinal crypts following 80% small bowel resection, and induced apoptosis and growth arrest upon overexpression in vitro. This work provides novel insights into the role of circadian clock genes, intestinal transporters and microRNAs in regulating intestinal absorption and proliferation and is the first demonstration of a role for microRNAs in these adaptive phenomena. Modulation of these pathways may represent a new therapeutic option for the management of short bowel syndrome.

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5

Stümpel, Frank, Tomas Kucera e Kurt Jungermann. "Impaired stimulation of intestinal glucose absorption via hepatoenteral nerves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 277, n. 2 (1 agosto 1999): G285—G291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.2.g285.

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In an ex situ organ perfusion system, that of the isolated nonrecirculating joint perfusion of rat small intestine and liver, insulin infused into the portal vein increased intestinal glucose absorption. This insulin action against the bloodstream can be blocked by TTX, indicating a propagation of the insulin signal via hepatoenteral nerves, which conforms with previous studies with atropine and carbachol. Insulin action could also be mimicked by dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) acting directly on the absorptive enterocytes. Because autonomic neuropathy is a common late complication of diabetes mellitus, the possible impairment of these nerves in the diabetic state was studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In the isolated joint intestine-liver perfusion, glucose was applied as a bolus into the lumen; its absorption was measured in the portal vein. In 5-day diabetic as well as in control rats, portal insulin, arterial carbachol, and arterial DBcAMP increased intestinal glucose absorption. In 3-mo diabetic rats portal insulin and arterial carbachol failed to stimulate glucose absorption, whereas arterial DBcAMP still did so, indicating an undisturbed function of the absorptive enterocytes. The lack of an effect of portal insulin and arterial carbachol and the unchanged action of DBcAMP in the chronically diabetic rats indicated that the signaling chain via the hepatoenteral nerves was impaired, which is in line with a diabetic neuropathy.

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Dyer, J., K. Daly, K. S. H. Salmon, D. K. Arora, Z. Kokrashvili, R. F. Margolskee e S. P. Shirazi-Beechey. "Intestinal glucose sensing and regulation of intestinal glucose absorption". Biochemical Society Transactions 35, n. 5 (25 ottobre 2007): 1191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0351191.

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SGLT1 (Na+/glucose co-transporter 1) transports the dietary sugars, D-glucose and D-galactose, from the lumen of the intestine into enterocytes. SGLT1 regulation has important consequences for the provision of glucose to the respiring tissues and is therefore essential for maintaining glucose homoeostasis. SGLT1 expression is directly regulated in response to changes in the sugar content of the diet. To monitor these variations, there is a requirement for a glucose-sensing system located on the luminal membrane of gut cells. This short review focuses on recent findings on intestinal sugar sensing and the downstream mechanisms responsible for enhancement in SGLT1 expression.

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Gromova, Lyudmila V., Serguei O. Fetissov e Andrey A. Gruzdkov. "Mechanisms of Glucose Absorption in the Small Intestine in Health and Metabolic Diseases and Their Role in Appetite Regulation". Nutrients 13, n. 7 (20 luglio 2021): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072474.

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The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these diseases is hyperglycemia which can be associated with hyperphagia. Absorption of glucose in the small intestine physiologically contributes to the regulation of blood glucose levels, and hence, appears as a putative target for treatment of hyperglycemia. In fact, recent progress in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of glucose absorption in the gut and its reabsorption in the kidney helped to develop a new strategy of diabetes treatment. Changes in blood glucose levels are also involved in regulation of appetite, suggesting that glucose absorption may be relevant to hyperphagia in metabolic diseases. In this review we discuss the mechanisms of glucose absorption in the small intestine in physiological conditions and their alterations in metabolic diseases as well as their relevance to the regulation of appetite. The key role of SGLT1 transporter in intestinal glucose absorption in both physiological conditions and in diabetes was clearly established. We conclude that although inhibition of small intestinal glucose absorption represents a valuable target for the treatment of hyperglycemia, it is not always suitable for the treatment of hyperphagia. In fact, independent regulation of glucose absorption and appetite requires a more complex approach for the treatment of metabolic diseases.

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8

Wang, Yun, Zhangjian Chen, Shi Chen, Lin Zhuo, Lin Zhao e Guang Jia. "Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Intestinal Absorption of Glucose by Ex Vivo Everted Rat Gut Sac Model". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, n. 9 (1 settembre 2021): 4586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19350.

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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as food additives were widely found in various foodrelated products, especially in high-sugar foods. The daily intake of TiO2 NPs in the diet may therefore expose the small intestine to TiO2 NPs and affect its physiological functions, including the absorption of nutrients. It is speculated that TiO2 may cause serious health hazards by increasing sugar uptake. To explore this possibility, transport of glucose from small intestine was studied using an everted gut sac model prepared from small intestine of young healthy male SD rats. The translocation of TiO2 NPs and the morphological changes of small intestine were also observed after exposure of intestinal lumen to TiO2 NPs for 2 h. The results showed that TiO2 NPs can enter into enterocyte but hardly cross the intestinal epithelium. No change on microstructure of gut epithelia and expression of glucose transporter was found, and there is no obvious impact on intestinal absorption and metabolism of glucose. These results suggest that short-term exposure to TiO2 NPs has little influence on intestinal absorption of glucose. More attention should be paid to the chronic effect of dietary consumption of TiO2 NPs on nutrient absorption.

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Rhoads, J. M., E. O. Keku, L. E. Bennett, J. Quinn e J. G. Lecce. "Development of L-glutamine-stimulated electroneutral sodium absorption in piglet jejunum". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, n. 1 (1 luglio 1990): G99—G107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.1.g99.

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Glutamine is the primary metabolic fuel of the small intestine. To determine the effects of glutamine on intestinal electrolyte transport, piglet (3 days to 3 wk old) jejunum was bathed in Ussing chambers in a buffer containing 10 mM serosal glucose, and the effects of different concentrations of mucosal L-glutamine and D-glucose on short-circuit current and transmucosal Na+ and Cl- transport were measured. Resting jejunum secreted Na+ and Cl- in an electrogenic manner. In contrast to mucosal D-glucose (30 mM), which promoted electrogenic Na+ absorption (1.8 mueq.cm-2.h-1), mucosal L-glutamine (30 mM) stimulated both Na+ (2.7 mueq.cm-2.h-1) and Cl- (2.2 mueq.cm-2.h-1) absorption. This NaCl-absorptive jejunal response depended on the presence of both Na+ and Cl-, did not appear until animals were greater than 7 days of age, and was not observed with glucose, phenylalanine, or mannitol. Serosal, as well as mucosal, glutamine (30 mM) promoted electroneutral NaCl absorption. A small electrogenic Na(+)-absorptive response to L-glutamine was also observed. The effect of L-glutamine on jejunal NaCl transport resembles that of other metabolic fuels on colonic transport; its mechanism remains to be determined. We conclude that glutamine promotes electroneutral salt absorption in the small intestine.

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Inoue, Makoto, Yuichi Tanaka, Sakiko Matsushita, Yuri Shimozaki, Hirohito Ayame e Hidenori Akutsu. "Xenogeneic-Free Human Intestinal Organoids for Assessing Intestinal Nutrient Absorption". Nutrients 14, n. 3 (19 gennaio 2022): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030438.

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Since many nutrients, including the three major ones of glucose, dipeptides, and cholesterol, are mainly absorbed in the small intestine, the assessment of their effects on intestinal tissue is important for the study of food absorption. However, cultured intestinal cell lines, such as Caco-2 cells, or animal models, which differ from normal human physiological conditions, are generally used for the evaluation of intestinal absorption and digestion. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternative in vitro method for more accurate analyses. In this study, we demonstrate inhibitory effects on nutrient absorption through nutrient transporters using three-dimensional xenogeneic-free human intestinal organoids (XF-HIOs), with characteristics of the human intestine, as we previously reported. We first show that the organoids absorbed glucose, dipeptide, and cholesterol in a transporter-dependent manner. Next, we examine the inhibitory effect of natural ingredients on the absorption of glucose and cholesterol. We reveal that glucose absorption was suppressed by epicatechin gallate or nobiletin, normally found in green tea catechin or citrus fruits, respectively. In comparison, cholesterol absorption was not inhibited by luteolin and quercetin, contained in some vegetables. Our findings highlight the usefulness of screening for the absorption of functional food substances using XF-HIOs.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

1

UNTERSTOCK, LAURENCE. "Sucres et absorption intestinale du calcium". Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15044.

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2

Morgan, Emma Louise. "Intestinal glucose and calcium absorption". Thesis, University of York, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424573.

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3

Habold, Caroline. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de l'absorption intestinale au cours du jeûne et après réalimentationTitre". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/HABOLD_Caroline_2004.pdf.

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L'épithélium de l’intestin grêle est atrophié après un jeûne court défini comme phase de mobilisation des réserves lipidiques (phase II), et surtout après un jeûne prolongé caractérisé par un catabolisme protéique élevé (phase III). Au niveau cellulaire cependant, alors que la phase II du jeûne est marquée par une diminution de la prolifération et de la migration cellulaires, la phase III présente une augmentation de ces mécanismes. La phase III se caractérise aussi par un arrêt de l’apoptose intestinale qui permettrait de préserver les entérocytes et donc l’absorption de nutriments dès réalimentation. La reprise de l’activité cellulaire et l’arrêt de l’apoptose en phase III seraient induits par une baisse des cytokines TNF et TGF1 et du facteur de transcription intestinal Cdx2. L’augmentation de la prolifération cellulaire initiée déjà pendant la phase III du jeûne entraînerait une restauration de l’épithélium intestinal après réalimentation toute aussi rapide qu’après un jeûne plus court. L’expression des transporteurs actifs PepT1 et SGLT1 ainsi que l’activité néoglucogénique intestinale sont stimulées au cours de la phase III mais pas pendant la phase II du jeûne. L’augmentation de la protéine SGLT1 pendant la phase III du jeûne permet une absorption immédiate de glucose dès réalimentation. La présence en grande quantité de la protéine PepT1 en phase III du jeûne devrait permettre une absorption de peptides et donc un apport azoté dès réalimentation. La réalimentation enfin, stimule l’expression des transporteurs facilités GLUT5, GLUT2 et FATP4. Lorsque le jeûne se prolonge et que l’animal atteint un seuil critique de déplétion de ses réserves énergétiques, l’activation de mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires spécifiques entraînerait une optimisation de la capacité d’absorption des nutriments par la muqueuse de l’intestin grêle dès réalimentation
After the early adaptation to fasting (phase I), an atrophy of the intestinal mucosa occurs during the period which is characterized by the mobilization of fat stores and an efficient protein sparing. This atrophy is aggravated during the further rise in protein utilization (phase III). Cell proliferation and migration decrease during phase II, but strongly increase during a phase III fast and may therefore initiate mucosal repair well before food becomes available. Also, a phase III fast induces an arrest in intestinal epithelial apoptosis at the tip of the villi, suggesting preservation of absorptive cells. The lack of apoptosis and initiation of cell proliferation during phase III fasting may be triggered by a decrease in the cytokines TGFb1, and TNF and in the intestine specific transcription factor Cdx2. They are concomitant with a peak of locomotor activity in these animals induced by a rise in plasma corticosterone and reflecting the search for food. Intestinal gluconeogenesis is increased during a phase III fast, when the availability of amino acids used as precursors raises. At the same time, the active glucose and peptide transporters are enhanced. Glucose can then, be immediately absorbed at low concentrations through SGLT1. Glucose and peptides should be used as a source of energy and peptides should also provide body protein precursors. Finally, refeeding following either a phase II or a phase III fast stimulates facilitative fatty acids and glucose transports, so that large amounts of these metabolites can be transported from the intestinal lumen to the blood stream and provides energy. The unaltered and even increased absorption capabilities of the intestine during a phase III fast when the animal reaches a low threshold in nutrient reserves, coincides with a search for food activity and could permit food assimilation immediately after refeeding

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Baud, Grégory. "Modulation de l’absorption intestinale postprandiale du glucose apès Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass chez le miniporc". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S042/document.

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Le DT2 est caractérise par un défaut combiné de la sécrétion et de l’action de l’insuline. Depuis près d’un demi siècle la chirurgie bariatrique et notamment le Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) ont montré des effets spectaculaires sur le contrôle glycémique remettant en question le paradigme de la prise en charge médicale du DT2. L’exclusion gastro duodénale induite par le RYGB améliore le métabolisme glucidique indépendemment de la perte de poids. Ainsi les modifications du flux biliaire semblent jouer un rôle, cependant les mécanismes sous-jacents ne sont pas clairs. Nous avons réalisés des RYGB chez le miniporc et nous avons montré que l'absorption intestinale du glucose est diminuée dans l’anse alimentaire (AL) dépourvue de bile. L'absorption du glucose dans l’AL était restaurée par l'ajout de la bile, et cet effet était inhibé lorsque le co transport actif sodium glucose 1 (SGLT1) était bloquée par la phlorizine. SGLT1 restait exprimée dans la AL, cependant la teneur dans la lumière de l’intestin en sodium était nettement diminuée. L’ajout de sodium dans l'AL provoquait le même effet que la bile sur l'absorption du glucose et augmentait également l’excursion glycémique post prandiale chez le miniporc au cours d’un repas test vigil. La diminution de l'absorption intestinale du glucose après RYGB a ensuite été confirmée chez l'homme. Nos résultats démontrent que la l’exclusion biliaire affecte le métabolisme post prandiale du glucose par modulation des co transporteurs intestinaux sodium-glucose
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized primarily as a combined defect of insulin secretion and insulin action. For nearly a decade, the somewhat mysterious but spectacular benefit of metabolic surgery, and more specifically of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), on glucose control has been caused a questioning the current paradigm of T2D management. Gastro-intestinal exclusion by RYGB improves glucose metabolism, independent of weight loss. Although changes in intestinal bile trafficking have been shown to play a role, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We performed RYGB in minipigs and showed that the intestinal uptake of ingested glucose is blunted in the bile deprived alimentary limb (AL). Glucose uptake in the AL was restored by the addition of bile, and this effect was abolished when active glucose intestinal transport was blocked with phlorizin. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 remained expressed in the AL, while intraluminal sodium content was markedly decreased. Adding sodium to the AL had the same effect as bile on glucose uptake. It also increased postprandial blood glucose response in conscious minipigs following RYGB. The decrease in intestinal uptake of glucose after RYGB was confirmed in humans. Our results demonstrate that bile diversion affects postprandial glucose metabolism by modulating sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport

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5

Ogawa, Eiichi. "The effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on intestinal glucose absorption and intestinal motility in mice". Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142540.

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Dursoniah, Danilo. "Modélisation computationnelle de l’absorption intestinale du glucose pour la prédiction du diabète de Type 2". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB023.

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Les travaux sur le diabète de types 2 (DT2) se sont jusqu'à présent très majoritairement focalisés sur le rôle de la fonction bêta du pancréas et de la sensibilité à l'insuline. De nombreux indices, de précision et de pertinence variables, ont été proposés pour les mesurer. Ces indices sont calculés à partir de modèles plus ou moins complexes utilisant des données statiques de glycémie à jeun, ou des données dynamiques de test glycémique oral.La chirurgie bariatrique a mis en évidence l'existence d'un troisième paramètre pouvant potentiellement être une cause de DT2 : l'absorption intestinale de glucose (IGA). Contrairement à la fonction bêta du pancréas et à la sensibilité à l'insuline, aucun indice n'a encore été proposé pour mesurer l'effet de ce paramètre sur le DT2. Mesurer expérimentalement l'absorption intestinale de glucose nécessite l'accès à la veine porte, ce qui est en pratique impossible sur les humains. Une technique expérimentale de multi-traceur utilisant le glucose marqué a été proposée en alternative mais celle-ci demeure très difficile à réaliser et demande une expertise qui ne permet pas son utilisant en routine clinique. Notons aussi que les approches de modélisation jusqu'à présent proposées pour prédire la réponse postprandiale de glucose nécessitent ce gold standard. Les rares modèles existants ne sont que partiellement mécanistiques et sont relativement complexes. Cette thèse propose de surmonter ces problèmes.Ainsi en première contribution, nous reproduisons, dans un premier temps, le modèle post-prandial de Dalla Man et les simulations de l'article de référence (Dalla Man et al., 2007). Ce modèle étant décrit exclusivement à l'aide d'EDO, nous l'avons partiellement retranscrit en un système de réactions chimiques afin de mettre en perspective les aspects relevant de mécanismes physiologiques. Cette implémentation a d'abord permis de réaliser un travail de reproductibilité - malgré l'absence des données originales de l'article de référence - puis de confronter le modèle à nos données cliniques OBEDIAB, montrant ainsi ses limites en terme d'estimations et d'identifiabilité. C'est ainsi, qu'en seconde contribution majeure, pour contourner le recours au gold standard du multi-traceur, nous avons utilisé le D-xylose, un sucre analogue du glucose, comme biomarqueur afin d'observer directement l'IGA, disponibles dans notre jeu de données pré-cliniques, issu d'expériences effectuées sur des cochons nains, ou minipigs. Nous avons réalisé le premier modèle de D-xylose à notre connaissance. Ce modèle a été sélectionné par estimation de paramètres sur nos jeux de données, puis à l'aide d'une analyse d'identifiabilité pratique et d'une analyse de sensibilité globale. Ces analyses ont également permis d'étudier les contributions relatives de la vidange gastrique et de l'absorption intestinale sur le profil de la dynamique de D-xylose. Enfin nous nous interrogerons sur les liens entre la modélisation de la glycémie et celle de la réponse de D-xylose postprandial tout en envisageant les applications cliniques et les limites du modèle de D-xylose.Mots-clés: Biologie des systèmes, modélisation, réseaux de réactions chimiques, équations différentielles ordinaires, estimation de paramètres, analyse d'identifiabilité, diabète de type 2, D-xylose
Research on type 2 diabetes (T2D) has so far predominantly focused on the role of pancreatic beta function and insulin sensitivity. Numerous indices, of varying precision and relevance, have been proposed to measure these factors. These indices are calculated using more or less complex models based on static fasting glucose data or dynamic oral glucose test data.Bariatric surgery has highlighted the existence of a third parameter that could potentially be a cause of T2D: intestinal glucose absorption (IGA). Unlike pancreatic beta function and insulin sensitivity, no index has yet been proposed to measure the effect of this parameter on T2D. Experimentally measuring intestinal glucose absorption requires access to the portal vein, which is practically impossible in humans. An experimental multi-tracer technique using labeled glucose has been proposed as an alternative, but it remains very difficult to implement and requires expertise that prevents its routine clinical use. It should also be noted that the modeling approaches proposed so far to predict the postprandial glucose response require this gold standard. The few existing models are only partially mechanistic and relatively complex. This thesis proposes to overcome these problems.Thus, as a first contribution, we initially reproduce the postprandial model of Dalla Man and the simulations from the reference article (Dalla Man et al., 2007). Since this model is exclusively described using ODEs, we have partially transcribed it into a system of chemical reactions to put the relevant physiological mechanisms into perspective. This implementation first allowed us to carry out reproducibility work - despite the absence of the original data from the reference article - and then to compare the model with our OBEDIAB clinical data, thus showing its limitations in terms of estimations and identifiability.As a second major contribution, to circumvent the use of the multi-tracer gold standard, we used D-xylose, a glucose analog, as a biomarker to directly observe IGA, available in our pre-clinical dataset from experiments conducted on minipigs. To our knowledge, we developed the first D-xylose model. This model was selected through parameter estimation on our datasets, followed by a practical identifiability analysis and a global sensitivity analysis. These analyses also allowed us to study the relative contributions of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption on the D-xylose dynamic profile. Finally, we will explore the links between blood glucose modeling and postprandial D-xylose response modeling while considering the clinical applications and limitations of the D-xylose model.Keywords: Systems biology, modeling, chemical reaction networks, ordinary differential equations, parameter estimation, identifiability analysis, type 2 diabetes, D-xylose

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7

Pennington, Adele Marie. "Short-term regulation of glucose absorption, transport and utilisation by rat small intestine". Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306419.

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Stearns, Adam T. "Regulation of the intestinal sodium/glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in health and disease". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:68a7c42c-33f7-47e9-86eb-04575d4baa36.

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Snoussi, Chahira. "Effet du thé en décoction et ses dérivés polyphénoliques sur l'absorption intestinale des carbohydrates et des lipides". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC007.

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Le diabète de type 2 et l'obésité ont atteint des proportions épidémiques dans les pays développés et ceux en voie de développement au point que le diabète de type 2, est considéré depuis quelques années comme un des fléaux du troisième millénaire, partout dans le monde. Le thé a un effet bénéfique contre l'obésité et du diabète. Toutefois, peu de publications ont rapporté des études sur l'influence du thé en décoction, la façon dont il est consommé en Tunisie. L'objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si le thé en décoction tel qu'il est traditionnellement consommé en Afrique du Nord et notamment en Tunisie, module l'absorption intestinale des carbohydrates et des lipides et ainsi apporter une aide à la lutte contre l'obésité et le diabète qui touchent particulièrement ce pays. Nos résultats montrent que la cuisson du thé pendant 15 min libère la quantité la plus importante de polyphénols. L'administration de thé vert en décoction (GTD) en aigu ou en chronique chez le rat contrôle l'activité et l'expression des transporteurs entérocytaires SGLT-1 et GLUT-2, en modifiant le rapport SGLT-1/GLUT2. Nous avons également montré que la consommation chronique du thé vert et noir en décoction diminue l'absorption intestinale des lipides en augmentant l'excrétion fécale chez les rats soumis à un régime hypercalorique avec un effet plus marqué du thé noir qui contient une quantité importante de théaflavine. En conclusion, nos données sont des arguments forts pour que la consommation thé en décoction en Tunisie soit encouragée afin de prévenir l'épidémie d'obésité et dediabète qui lui est est associée
Tea containing polyphenols has been reported to exert anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects but the impact of chronic consumption of tea decoction was poorly reported. The aim of this study was to explore in rat fed normal or high-fat diet, the effects of green tea decoction (GTD) or black tea decoction (BTD) on intestinal glucose and lipids absorption. We demonstrate that tea leaves cooked in water for only 15 min contain higher amounts of polyphenols compounds. The acute or chronic oral administration of GTD reduced intestinal SGLT1 :GLUT2 ratio. Consumption of GTD and BTD reduce intestinal absorption of lipids in rats fed high fat diet by enhancing their fecal excretion with a more pronounced effect of BTD. In conclusion, the tradional cooking of tea in Tunisia containing higher amounts of polyphenols compounds, a natural alternative in the prevention of obesity and diabetes

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Salvini, Séverine. "Influence des glucides alimentaires sur l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol : études chez l'homme sain et sur modèle entérocytaire humain Caco-2". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX20694.pdf.

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Un certain nombre de facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires, comprenant en particulier la cholestérolémie, la triglycéridémie, l'insulinémie et la glycémie, sont modulables par des modifications de l'alimentation. Considérant l'influence des glucides alimentaires sur le métabolisme des lipides, et en particulier du cholestérol, nous avons essayé de comprendre quelle pouvait être l'interaction glucides/cholestérol au niveau intestinal. Une étude clinique chez l'homme sain, réalisée au cours de deux périodes post-prandiales consécutives, a montré que les pâtes enrichies en fibres solubles ne modifient pas significativement les réponses glycémiques et insulinémiques, mais ont tendance à induire un pic plasmatique d'apoB48 moins élevé et moins tardif que celui induit par les pâtes de référence. Cette étude a permis d'observer, en sus d'une variabilité interindividuelle dans l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol, une variabilité inter-individuelle dans la régulation de l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol par les fibres alimentaires solubles. Dans le but d'étudier au niveau de la cellule absorbante intestinale, une éventuelle interaction glucides/cholestérol, nous avons tout d'abord caractérisé les capacités métaboliques de trois clones d'un modèle entérocytaire humain, la lignée cellulaire Caco-2. Le clone TC7, qui a montré une meilleure viabilité dans nos conditions expérimentales, a été choisi pour la suite de nos expérimentations. Le suivi de l'absorption du cholestérol radiomarqué dans les cellules Caco-2 du clone TC7 en l'absence et en présence de glucides côté luminal, a montré que l'absorption intestinale du cholestérol est stimulée par la présence de glucose et de fructose. Ce travail montre pour la première fois une interaction glucide/cholestérol au niveau de la cellule absorbante intestinale. Ce lien mécanistique, qui devra être approfondi, permet de mieux mesurer l'importance des relations glucido-lipidiques probablement très impliquées dans l'étiologie nutritionnelle de l'athérosclérose.

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Libri sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

1

Starp, Christiane. Intestinale Absorption von Flavan-3-olen: In vitro Studien an Bürstensaummenbranvesikeln (BSMV) aus Schweinedünndarm. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003.

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Mendel, Friedman, a cura di. Absorption and utilization of amino acids. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1989.

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Bonn, Universität, a cura di. Der [13C2]Oxalat-Absorptionstest: Referenzwerte und Einfluss von Calium und Magnesium auf die intestinale Oxalat-Absorption. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2003.

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1934-, Kies Constance, American Chemical Society Meeting e American Chemical Society. Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry., a cura di. Nutritional bioavailability of calcium. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 1985.

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R, Friend David, a cura di. Oral colon-specific drug delivery. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1992.

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Pouros, Jeff. METFORMIN: Improves Glycemic Control by Improving Insulin Sensitivity and Decreasing Intestinal Absorption of Glucose. Independently Published, 2019.

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Tewelde, Estifanos Hagos. The effects of oral hypoglycaemic sulfonylureas on intestinal glucose absorption and on the refractory period of isolated atrium. Bradford, 1985.

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Fat Absorption. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Fat Absorption. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Friedman, Mendel. Absorption and Utilization of Amino Acids: Volume I. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

1

Toeller, M. "Modulation of intestinal glucose absorption: postponement of glucose absorption by a-glucosidase inhibitors". In Pharmacology of Diabetes, a cura di C. E. Mogensen e E. Standl, 93–112. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110850321-009.

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McNeish, A. S., D. A. Ducker, I. F. Warren, D. P. Davies, M. J. Harran e C. A. Hughes. "The Influence of Gestational Age and Size on the Absorption of D-Xylose and D-Glucose from the Small Intestine of the Human Neonate". In Ciba Foundation Symposium 70 - Development of Mammalian Absorptive Processes, 267–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720530.ch15.

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Müller, Günter. "Measurement of Glucose Absorption". In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 3059–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_153.

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Müller, Günter. "Measurement of Glucose Absorption". In Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Pharmacological Assays, 1–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27728-3_153-1.

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Pehlivan, Melisa. "Biochemistry of Alcohols". In Medicolegal Aspect of Alcohol, 59–76. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359487.4.

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Alcohol is a general term used to refer to chemical structures containing the hydroxyl (-OH) radical group. In daily life, it refers to a type of alcohol, usually called ethanol. When alcohol is ingested into the body, a series of chemical effects occur, especially in the liver. The elimination process that begins when alcohol is ingested is usually absorbed through the stomach and small intestine. This absorption process varies depending on the type of alcohol, the type of food and drinks consumed, the physical condition of the person and other factors. Once in the bloodstream, alcohol is distributed to various tissues of the body, with the majority being metabolized in the liver. However, a small amount is excreted through sweating, urine and respiration. Alcohol metabolism in the liver is carried out by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Compounds such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) play an important role in this metabolism process. Ethanol can also be eliminated by non-oxidative pathways. The effects of alcohol on the body include acetate formation in the liver, impaired metabolism of long-chain fatty acids, altered glucose homeostasis and changes in brain function. Long-term alcohol consumption can have adverse effects on the heart, muscles, brain and other tissues. Alcohol detection is important in forensic toxicology, especially to determine the role of alcohol in forensic events such as traffic accidents and homicides. Biomarkers are important tools used in the detection of alcohol. These include direct biomarkers (EtG, EtS, PEth, YAEE) and indirect biomarkers (MCV, CDT, GGT). These biomarkers help to identify alcohol consumption over different time periods and in different biological samples. Biomarkers are important for the detection of alcohol dependence and alcohol consumption. However, it is important to choose the right biomarker, taking into consideration the characteristics and limitations of each biomarker.

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Schroeder, P., F. Sandforth e E. Deltz. "Glucose Absorption After Heterotopic Small-Bowel Transplantation". In Small-Bowel Transplantation, 74–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71087-2_16.

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Larsen, Erik Hviid, e Jens Nørkær Sørensen. "Stationary and Nonstationary Ion and Water Flux Interactions in Kidney Proximal Tubule: Mathematical Analysis of Isosmotic Transport by a Minimalistic Model". In Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 101–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/112_2019_16.

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AbstractOur mathematical model of epithelial transport (Larsen et al. Acta Physiol. 195:171–186, 2009) is extended by equations for currents and conductance of apical SGLT2. With independent variables of the physiological parameter space, the model reproduces intracellular solute concentrations, ion and water fluxes, and electrophysiology of proximal convoluted tubule. The following were shown: Water flux is given by active Na+ flux into lateral spaces, while osmolarity of absorbed fluid depends on osmotic permeability of apical membranes. Following aquaporin “knock-out,” water uptake is not reduced but redirected to the paracellular pathway. Reported decrease in epithelial water uptake in aquaporin-1 knock-out mouse is caused by downregulation of active Na+ absorption. Luminal glucose stimulates Na+ uptake by instantaneous depolarization-induced pump activity (“cross-talk”) and delayed stimulation because of slow rise in intracellular [Na+]. Rate of fluid absorption and flux of active K+ absorption would have to be attuned at epithelial cell level for the [K+] of the absorbate being in the physiological range of interstitial [K+]. Following unilateral osmotic perturbation, time course of water fluxes between intraepithelial compartments provides physical explanation for the transepithelial osmotic permeability being orders of magnitude smaller than cell membranes’ osmotic permeability. Fluid absorption is always hyperosmotic to bath. Deviation from isosmotic absorption is increased in presence of glucose contrasting experimental studies showing isosmotic transport being independent of glucose uptake. For achieving isosmotic transport, the cost of Na+ recirculation is predicted to be but a few percent of the energy consumption of Na+/K+ pumps.

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Tura, Andrea, e Giovanni Pacini. "Simple Parameters Describing Gut Absorption and Lipid Dynamics in Relation to Glucose Metabolism During a Routine Oral Glucose Test". In Data-driven Modeling for Diabetes, 151–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54464-4_7.

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Kelleci Celik, Feyza. "Antidiabetic Drug Interactions". In Current Perspective on Diabetes Mellitus in Clinical Sciences, 27–44. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359111.4.

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Antidiabetic drug interactions pose significant challenges in the management of diabetes mellitus. These interactions can occur between different classes of antidiabetic medications or between antidiabetic drugs and other medications used to treat comorbid conditions. They may affect drug efficacy or safety by altering drug metabolism, absorption, or excretion. Common interactions include sulfonylureas, which can potentiate hypoglycemia when combined with other drugs that affect glucose levels. Similarly, medications such as corticosteroids or certain antibiotics can impair glucose control in diabetic patients. Clinicians must carefully monitor and adjust medication regimens to minimize these interactions and optimize therapeutic outcomes for patients with diabetes.

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Mactier, R. A., R. Khanna, Z. J. Twardowski e K. D. Nolph. "Lymphatic Absorption in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Normal and High Transperitoneal Glucose Transport". In Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, 71–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9555-7_17.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

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Ozawa, Shinta, Neil Irvin Cabello, Yue Zhao e Takao Fuji. "Nondestructive Detection of Low Concentrations Glucose via Broadband Background-Free Mid-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy". In 2024 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR), 1–2. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleo-pr60912.2024.10676469.

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Mahdhani, Abbilah Ero, Venty Suryanti, Khoirun Nisa Ashar, Vicky Ahava Ferdinansyah e Alifiananda Rahmatul Dafa Kesuma. "Bioconversion of Water Hyacinth (<i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>) Cellulose into Glucose by <i>Trichoderma viride</i>". In 8th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future, 13–22. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-rd26vh.

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Bioconversion of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) cellulose into glucose was successfully conducted by Trichoderma viride. Cellulose was isolated from water hyacinth by delignification. The delignification method is carried out for bond breaking of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the delignification products confirmed that cellulose was successfully isolated. FTIR spectra showed the presence of peaks for the C=O and C=C groups, the C-H and C─O groups of polysaccharide bonds, and the C─O─C vibrational peak of pyranose ring. Cellulose was obtained in 58.84% yield. Cellulose was then converted into glucose through enzymatic processes by Trichoderma viride. Initially, these fungi are required to be adapted and rejuvenated with cellulose media. Gradual adaptation and rejuvenation aims to optimize the performance of fungi in converting cellulose into glucose. Cultures were incubated at 35°C and 120 rpm in an orbital shaker incubator. The FTIR spectra of glucose showed the presence of peaks for-OH alcohol and C=O bonds of glucose typical absorption peaks. Thus, the glucose conversion was successful. Water hyacinth can be a sustainable cellulose source for glucose synthesis in tropical and subtropical countries. Furthermore, water hyacinth has other advantages, such as its high breeding rate, availability, and low cost. Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, glucose, water hyacinth, Trichoderma viridee

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Dursoniah, Danilo, Maxime Folschette, Rebecca Goutchtat, Violeta Raverdy, François Pattou e Cédric Lhoussaine. "Modeling Intestinal Glucose Absorption from D-Xylose Data". In 15th International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0012358300003657.

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Kumagai, Hitomi, Shigenobu Ina, Aya Hamada, Chiaki Sugimoto e Yusuke Yamaguchi,. "Rice Albumin Hydrolysates Suppress Glucose Absorption from the Small Intestine by Dual Function". In Virtual 2020 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am20.153.

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Richter, Jonathan, Gabriella Shull e Gretchen Mahler. "TiO2 nanoparticle ingestion alters glucose absorption in an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium". In 2015 41st Annual Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2015.7117124.

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Polozov, Alexandr, Yulia Dmitrieva, Elizaveta Savochkina, Anna Alekseeva, Anastasia Sepp, Andrey Gruzdkov e Luidmila Gromova. "COMPARATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT AND FACILITATED DIFFUSION TO THE ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS AT EXPERIMENTAL TYPE 2 DIABETES". In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1211.sudak.ns2020-16/378-379.

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Kim, Do-Hyun, Ilko K. Ilev e Jin U. Kang. "Using Mid-Infrared Glucose Absorption Peak Changes for High-Precision Glucose Detection". In LEOS 2007 - IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leos.2007.4382359.

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Saptari, Vidi A., e Kamal Youcef-Toumi. "Sensitivity analysis of near-infrared glucose absorption signals: toward noninvasive blood glucose sensing". In EOS/SPIE European Biomedical Optics Week, a cura di Alexander V. Priezzhev e P. Ake Oberg. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.407644.

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Eigner, Gyoorgy, Katalin Koppany, Peter Pausits e Levente Kovacs. "Nonlinear identification of glucose absorption related to Diabetes Mellitus". In 2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ines.2017.8118567.

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Gyorgy, A., P. Szalay, Z. Benyo, B. Benyo, A. Kovacs e L. Kovacs. "ANFIS regulated type 1diabetic model for different glucose absorption scenarios". In 2010 IEEE 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ines.2010.5483822.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Absorption intestinale de glucose"

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Craan, Andre-Gerard. Effects of insulin, sodium and D-glucose on amino acid absorption in the intestine of rats. Portland State University Library, gennaio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1448.

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yu, luyou, jinping yang, xi meng e yanhua lin. Effectiveness of the gut microbiota-bile acid pathway (BAS) in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes: A protocol for systematic review and meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0117.

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Review question / Objective: To systematically evaluate the efficacy of the intestinal microbiome - bile acid pathway (BAS) in the treatment of T2DM. Condition being studied: Bile acids (BAs), an important component of bile, are also metabolites derived from cholesterol and promote intestinal absorption and transportation of dietary lipids . Studies have shown that bile acid receptor agonists can promote glP-1 secretion and improve glucose metabolism in preclinical mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance , which may become a new therapeutic target for Type 2 diabetes. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has been found on the treatment of type 2 diabetes by intestinal microbiome - bile acid pathway. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intestinal microbiome-bile acid pathway in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Huber, John Tal, Joshuah Miron, Brent Theurer, Israel Bruckental e Spencer Swingle. Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568748.bard.

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This research project entitled "Influence of Ruminal Starch Degradability on Performance of High Producing Dairy Cows" had the following objectives: a) Determine effects of feeding varying amounts of ruminally degradable starch (RDS) on efficiency of milk and milk protein production; and 2) Investigate digestive and metabolic mechanisms relating to lactation responses to diets varying in ruminal and total starch degradability. Four lactation studies with high producing cows were conducted in which steam-flaked (~ 75% RDS) was compared with dry-rolled sorghum (~ 50% RDS) grain. All studies demonstrated increased efficiency of conversion of feed to milk (FCM/DMI) and milk protein as amount of RDS in the diet increased by feeding steam-flaked sorghum. As RDS in diets increased, either by increased steam-flaked sorghum, grinding of sorghum, or increasing the proportion of wheat to sorghum, so also did ruminal and total tract digestibilities of starch and neutral-detergent soluble (NDS) carbohydrate. Despite other research by these two groups of workers showing increased non-ammonia N (NAN) flowing from the rumen to the duodenum with higher RDS, only one of the present studies showed such an effect. Post-absorptive studies showed that higher dietary RDS resulted in greater urea recycling, more propionate absorption, a tendency for greater output of glucose by the liver, and increased uptake of alpha-amino nitrogen by the mammary gland. These studies have shown that processing sorghum grain through steam-flaking increases RDS and results in greater yields and efficiency of production of milk and milk protein in high producing dairy cows.

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen e Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, giugno 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.

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