Articoli di riviste: "Abortion"

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Vaidya, Shambhavi, Rashmi Kundapur, Sudhir Prabhu, Harshitha HN, Santosh PV Rai e Anusha Rashmi. "An Audit of Loss of Pregnancy as an Answer to Differentiated Sex Ratio". Indian Journal of Community Health 32, n. 2 (30 giugno 2020): 458–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.029.

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Context: Abortion and unintended pregnancy in India is on the rise, and a large proportion of these unintended pregnancies end up in induced abortion. The soaring rate of abortion among Indian women can be influenced by a plethora of reasons. Aims: 1) To identify the rate of second trimester abortion2) To determine the reasons behind second trimester abortions Settings and design: An audit of all the abortions in a district of South India was conducted. Material and methods: The data was obtained from the records of abortion reported in the year 2018 from the District Health Office and analysed. Statistical analysis used: Descriptive statistics Results: Majority of the pregnant ladies with abortion (55.73%) were aged between 21-30 years and abortions in second trimester were observed to be comparatively higher (50%). Among the myriad of reasons found for second trimester abortions, spontaneous abortions contributed to around 30% while 11.92% had no cause mentioned. Conclusion: A high rate of second trimester abortion throws suspicion towards sex selective abortions.

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Cvetojević, Đ., B. Savić, V. Milićević, B. Kureljušić, N. Jezdimirović, D. Jakić-Dimić, M. Pavlović e Lj Spalević. "Prevalence of Bovine herpesvirus type 4 in aborting dairy cows". Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2016): 731–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0092.

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AbstractBovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is related to many different conditions: infertility, postpartal metritis, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, encephalitis, calf pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, cutaneous lesions, digital dermatitis and abortion. In this study a retrospective PCR examination of 100 extracted DNA samples from aborting cows was performed in order to determine: prevalence of BHV-4 in abortive cattle, whether coinfections BHV-4 with other abortifacient pathogens are present in the same sample and to determine the month of gestation when BHV-4 associated abortions were detected. Out of 100 examined samples, the BHV-4 genome was detected in 21 samples (21%). In two samples we detected coinfection of BHV-4 with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and in one withNeospora caninum. Most of the BHV-4-associated abortions were detected during the seventh month of gestation. It was concluded that an active BHV-4 infection was present among cows that aborted on the farms examined. The high prevalence of the BHV-4 genome in abortion material suggests that this virus may have cause the abortions. Further studies and examinations are needed to establish causative connection between presence of BHV-4 and abortion.

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Thurmond, Mark C., e Sharon K. Hietala. "Effect of congenitally acquired Neospora caninum infection on risk of abortion and subsequent abortions in dairy cattle". American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1997): 1381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.12.1381.

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SUMMARY Objectives To estimate the extent to which abortion risk in dairy cattle during subsequent pregnancies was associated with congenitally-acquired Neospora caninum infection and previous abortions. Animals 468 Holstein cattle. Procedure Newborn heifer calves were tested for evidence of congenital infection attributable to N caninum and examined repeatedly until the completion of their second lactation for serologic status and evidence of abortion. Results Compared with noninfected cows, congenitally infected cows had a 7.4-fold higher risk of abortion during their initial pregnancy and a 1.7-fold higher risk of aborting the first pregnancy during their first lactation. During the first pregnancy of their second lactation, congenitally infected cows that had aborted previously had a 5.6-fold higher risk of abortion, compared with cows that had not previously aborted and that were seronegative. The fetal risk period for N caninum-associated death began sooner and extended later during the initial pregnancy, compared with subsequent pregnancies. Conclusion Congenitally acquired N caninum infection can cause a substantial number of abortions during the initial pregnancy of heifers, with abortion risk attributable to N caninum decreasing in subsequent pregnancies, possibly because of selective culling. Subsequent abortions can be expected in congenitally infected cows that have aborted previously. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1381–1385)

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Alexander, Lily T., Evelyn Fuentes-Rivera, Biani Saavedra-Avendaño, Raffaela Schiavon, Noe Maldonado Rueda, Bernardo Hernández, Alison L. Drake e Blair G. Darney. "Utilisation of second-trimester spontaneous and induced abortion services in public hospitals in Mexico, 2007–2015". BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, n. 4 (14 agosto 2019): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200300.

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BackgroundData on utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services are sparse. We describe temporal and geographical trends in utilisation of in-facility second-trimester abortion services across Mexico.MethodsWe used 2007–2015 data from Mexico’s Automated Hospital Discharge System (SAEH) to identify second-trimester abortive events (ICD O02-O08) in public hospitals across Mexico’s 32 states. We described utilisation, calculated rates using population data, and used logistic regression to identify woman- and state-level factors (municipality-level marginalisation, state-level abortion law) associated with utilisation of second-trimester versus first-trimester services.ResultsWe identified 145 956 second-trimester abortions, or 13.4% of total documented hospitalizations for abortion between 2007 to 2015. The annual utilisation rate of second-trimester abortion remained constant, between 0.5 to 0.6 per 1000 women aged 15–44 years. Women living in highly marginalised municipalities had 1.43 higher odds of utilising abortions services in their second versus their first trimester, when compared with women in municipalities with low marginalisation (95% CI 1.18 to 1.73). Living in a state with a health or fetal anomaly exception to abortion restrictions was not associated with higher utilisation of second-trimester abortion services.ConclusionsOur results suggest there is a need for all types of second-trimester abortion services in Mexico. To improve health outcomes for Mexican women, especially the most vulnerable, access to safe second-trimester abortion services must be ensured through the implementation of current legal exceptions and renewed attention to the training of healthcare providers.

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Mamadouba, Camara, Traoré Adama, Camara Mamadou e Cissé Fodé. "Ileal Evisceration Per Vaginum: A Serious Complication of Clandestine Abortions". Journal of Surgery 12, n. 3 (30 maggio 2024): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.js.20241203.13.

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Per vaginum evisceration through uterine perforation is a rare but potentially serious complication of clandestine abortion. early diagnosis and aggressive volume resuscitation enable major surgical management and reduce patient mortality. Serious complications include haemorrhage, infection and damage to surrounding organs (intestinal, urological). This is the report of two observations of evisceration per vaginum during a clandestine abortion by endo-uterine maneuver. The first patient, aged 20, nulliparous, presented to the emergency department with externalization of the bowel and ileal loop necrosis 3 hours after the abortion. In the majority of cases, surgical management is by laparotomy, but a laparoscopic procedure can be performed if the externalized viscera is the omentum. The post-operative course is straightforward, but the obstetrical prognosis remains guarded due to the sequelae of induced abortion. Despite efforts to raise young girls' awareness of the harmful effects of clandestine abortions and legislation against such practices, young girls are still being encouraged to undergo abortions with serious complications. Conclusion: we describe two cases of post-abortive intestinal evisceration, despite efforts to raise young women's awareness of the harmful effects of illegal abortions. Vaginal evisceration is a surgical emergency and treatment is mandatory without a diagnostic assessment. Efforts must be made to reduce the number of unsafe abortions.

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Mellado, Miguel. "Vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of fetal losses and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, n. 3 (settembre 2021): e0402-e0402. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021193-16690.

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Aim of the study: To investigate vaccination programs, parity, and calving season as factors affecting the risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Area of study: Hot zone of Northeast Mexico. Material and methods: Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between peripartum disorders, parity, previous occurrence of abortion, season of calving, vaccination program, incidence of abortion, and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows. Main results: For 7014 pregnancies (2886 cows), the percentage of cows aborting and having mummified fetuses was 17.7 and 1.1, respectively. As the number of brucellosis vaccinations increased, the incidence of abortion increased (10.4% for a single vaccination and 38.0% for 6 accumulated vaccinations). Abortion for cows having 1-2 previous abortions (56%) and >2 abortions (77%) was fivefold and sevenfold greater (p<0.01), respectively, than that for cows without previous abortion. Other important risk factors for abortion were number of calvings (19.8% for nulliparous and primiparous vs. 13.8% for >3 parturitions; OR=1.7, p<0.01), leptospirosis vaccine application <55 days postpartum (dpp; OR=1.3, p<0.05), viral vaccine application >37 dpp (OR=1.3, p<0.01), brucellosis vaccine application >20 dpp (OR=1.6, p<0.01), and no application of clostridial vaccine (OR=3.7, p<0.01). Significant risk factors for mummified fetuses were application of ≥3 brucellosis vaccinations (OR=3.3, p<0.01), no application of 10-way clostridial vaccine (OR=2.3, p<0.01), >2 previous abortions (OR=18.4, p<0.01), and calving in autumn (OR=0.4, compared to winter, p<0.05). Research highlights: Risk of abortion and mummified fetuses in Holstein cows has been found to be related to vaccination programs.

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Thurmond, M. C., J. P. Picanso e C. M. Jameson. "Considerations for use of descriptive epidemiology to investigate fetal loss in dairy cows". Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 197, n. 10 (15 novembre 1990): 1305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1990.197.10.1305.

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Summary Various descriptive approaches were taken in a prospective investigation to characterize fetal loss in cows on a California dairy. The methods and observations were offered for consideration by practitioners engaged in dairy herd health medicine. For 4,732 pregnancies followed from 2,163 cows in a 6.5 year period, the respective proportions (percentage) of cows aborting (1 – cumulative proportion not aborting by 260 days) and abortion densities (abortions per 10,000 cow-days-at-risk) were 10.63 and 6.29 for all fetal deaths, 9.36 and 5.49 for deaths resulting in fetal expulsion, and 1.39 and 0.80 for deaths resulting in mummification. The greatest risk of fetal death (119 deaths/10,000 fetuses/d) was observed between 98 and 105 days of gestation, and median age at fetal death ranged from 99.0 to 105.5 days. Abortion density for fetal deaths resulting in mummification for cows conceiving during September (1.61/10,000 fetuses/d) and October (1.63/10,000 fetuses/d) was tenfold greater than that for cows conceiving in February (0.16/10,000 fetuses/d) and was twice that of the overall rate (0.84/10,000 fetuses/d). For cohorts of nonculled cows, abortion rate increased after 5 years of age, after 5 pregnancies, or after 4 calvings. For cows with at least one previous abortion, the proportion aborting (14.50%) was higher than that for cows without a previous abortion (12.14%). For a given gravidity, abortion rate was higher among cows that had experienced a previous abortion, compared with those that had not. These methods and observations may help provide a logical foundation on which to base clinical hypotheses regarding causes of abortion, and they may offer insight into pitfalls of bias and confounding to be anticipated.

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Cameron, Sharon. "Recent advances in improving the effectiveness and reducing the complications of abortion". F1000Research 7 (2 dicembre 2018): 1881. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15441.1.

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When conducted in a legal setting and under safe conditions, abortion is an extremely effective and safe procedure. Tragically, almost half of all abortions that take place in the world are conducted under unsafe conditions, mostly in countries where abortion is illegal or highly restricted. These unsafe abortions are a major cause of maternal death and disability. Restricting a woman’s access to abortion does not prevent abortion but simply leads to more unsafe abortions. Barriers to safe abortion are many but include legal barriers, health policy barriers, shortages of trained healthcare workers, and stigma surrounding abortion. This commentary will consider some recent advances to improve access to safe abortion as well as refinements in abortion methods and service delivery in settings where safe abortion is available that further improve the care and wellbeing of women who seek abortion.

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Studnicki, James, Donna J. Harrison, Tessa Longbons, Ingrid Skop, David C. Reardon, John W. Fisher, Maka Tsulukidze e Christopher Craver. "A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Emergency Room Utilization Following Mifepristone Chemical and Surgical Abortions, 1999–2015". Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 8 (gennaio 2021): 233339282110539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333928211053965.

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Introduction Existing research on postabortion emergency room visits is sparse and limited by methods which underestimate the incidence of adverse events following abortion. Postabortion emergency room (ER) use since Food and Drug Administration approval of chemical abortion in 2000 can identify trends in the relative morbidity burden of chemical versus surgical procedures. Objective To complete the first longitudinal cohort study of postabortion emergency room use following chemical and surgical abortions. Methods A population-based longitudinal cohort study of 423 000 confirmed induced abortions and 121,283 subsequent ER visits occurring within 30 days of the procedure, in the years 1999-2015, to Medicaid-eligible women over 13 years of age with at least one pregnancy outcome, in the 17 states which provided public funding for abortion. Results ER visits are at greater risk to occur following a chemical rather than a surgical abortion: all ER visits (OR 1.22, CL 1.19-1.24); miscoded spontaneous (OR 1.88, CL 1.81-1.96); and abortion-related (OR 1.53, CL 1.49-1.58). ER visit rates per 1000 abortions grew faster for chemical abortions, and by 2015, chemical versus surgical rates were 354.8 versus 357.9 for all ER visits; 31.5 versus 8.6 for miscoded spontaneous abortion visits; and 51.7 versus 22.0 for abortion-related visits. Abortion-related visits as a percent of total visits are twice as high for chemical abortions, reaching 14.6% by 2015. Miscoded spontaneous abortion visits as a percent of total visits are nearly 4 times as high for chemical abortions, reaching 8.9% of total visits and 60.9% of abortion-related visits by 2015. Conclusion The incidence and per-abortion rate of ER visits following any induced abortion are growing, but chemical abortion is consistently and progressively associated with more postabortion ER visit morbidity than surgical abortion. There is also a distinct trend of a growing number of women miscoded as receiving treatment for spontaneous abortion in the ER following a chemical abortion.

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Raucher, Michal. "Jews Who Have Had Abortions". Journal of Jewish Ethics 9, n. 1 (gennaio 2023): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jjewiethi.9.1.0141.

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ABSTRACT Jewish women have been speaking publicly about their abortions for decades, even before it was legal to have an abortion. Many Jews have also written about their abortions and published them. These are the stories featured in this collection. Abortion stories reveal the way people think morally about their abortions, the complexities around accessing care, and the work that still needs to be done in reducing stigma for people who have had abortions. The fifteen narratives here do not reflect all of the abortion experiences among Jews in the United States, but they do contain a range of abortion experiences. Sharing these stories and teaching with these stories will expand understanding and normalize abortion. Having an abortion is a moral act. These narratives from Jews who have had abortions reveal that these abortions are motivated by their religious identities, in one way or another.

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Studnicki, James, Tessa Longbons, David C. Reardon, John W. Fisher, Donna J. Harrison, Ingrid Skop, Christina A. Cirucci, Christopher Craver, Maka Tsulukidze e Zbigniew Ras. "The Enduring Association of a First Pregnancy Abortion with Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study". Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology 9 (gennaio 2022): 233339282211309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23333928221130942.

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Introduction Multiple abortions are consistently associated with adverse health consequences. Prior abortion is a known risk factor for another abortion. Objective To determine the persistence of the association of a first-pregnancy abortion with the likelihood of subsequent pregnancy outcomes. Methods Data was extracted for a study population of 5453 continuously eligible Medicaid beneficiaries in states which funded and reported elective abortions 1999–2015. Women age 16 in 1999 were organized into three cohorts based upon the first pregnancy outcome: abortion, birth, natural loss. Results Women in the abortion cohort are more likely than those in the birth cohort to experience another abortion rather than a birth or natural loss, and less likely to experience a live birth rather than an abortion or natural loss, for every subsequent pregnancy. The tendency toward abortion (OR 2.99, CL 2.02-4.43) and away from birth (OR 0.49, CL 0.39-0.63) peaks at the sixth pregnancy, but persists throughout the reproductive period ages 16–32. The pattern is reversed, but similarly consistent, for women in the birth cohort. They remain likelier to have another birth rather than an abortion or natural loss in subsequent pregnancies. Compared to the birth cohort, the abortion cohort had 1.35 times as many pregnancies: 4.31 times the abortions, 1.53 times the natural losses, but only 0.52 times the births. They were 4.3 and 5.0 times as likely to have 2-plus and 3-plus abortions, but only 0.47 times and 0.31 times as likely to have 2-plus and 3-plus births. Of the abortion cohort, 37.1% had no births. By contrast, 73.6% of the birth cohort had no abortions. Conclusion The first-pregnancy abortion maintains a strong and persistent association with the likelihood of another abortion in subsequent pregnancies, enabling a cascade of adverse events associated with multiple abortions.

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Polis, Chelsea B., Philicia W. Castillo, Easmon Otupiri, Sarah C. Keogh, Rubina Hussain, Emmanuel K. Nakua, Roderick Larsen-Reindorf e Suzanne O. Bell. "Estimating the incidence of abortion: using the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology in Ghana, 2017". BMJ Global Health 5, n. 4 (aprile 2020): e002130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002130.

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IntroductionInduced abortion is legally permitted in Ghana under specific conditions, but access to services that meet guidelines approved by government is limited. As part of a larger project comparing five methodologies to estimate abortion incidence, we implemented an indirect estimation approach: the Abortion Incidence Complications Methodology (AICM), to understand the incidence of abortion in Ghana in 2017.MethodsWe drew a nationally representative, two-stage, stratified sample of health facilities. We used information from 539 responding facilities to estimate treated complications stemming from illegal induced abortions, and to estimate the number of legal abortions provided. We used information from 146 knowledgeable informants to generate zonal multipliers representing the inverse of the proportion of illegal induced abortions treated for complications in facilities in Ghana’s three ecological zones. We applied multipliers to estimates of treated complications from illegal abortions, and added legal abortions to obtain an annual estimate of all induced abortions.ResultsThe AICM approach suggests that approximately 200 000 abortions occurred in Ghana in 2017, corresponding to a national abortion rate of 26.8 (95% CI 21.7 to 31.9) per 1000 women 15–49. Abortion rates were lowest in the Northern zone (18.6) and highest in the Middle zone (30.4). Of all abortions, 71% were illegal.ConclusionDespite Ghana’s relatively liberal abortion law and efforts to expand access to safe abortion services, illegal induced abortion appears common. A concurrently published paper compares the AICM-derived estimates presented in this paper to those from other methodological approaches.

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Khatun, Rokhshana, Osman Gani, Lipika Ghosh e Mamata Manjari. "Types of Abortion and Its Consequences in Dhaka Medical College Hospital". Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 10, n. 1-2 (15 marzo 2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v10i1-2.54008.

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Background & objective: Among the gynaecological cases admitted in tertiary care hospitals, abortion occupies the highest position. But detailed studies about the pattern of abortion admitted in the hospitals are limited. The present study was intended to find the proportion of abortion cases to total admitted cases and describe the types, clinical presentation and consequences of abortions. Methods: This study was carried out among a cross-section of abortion patients admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. A total of 100 women admitted with a history of abortion between January and June, 2003 were consecutively included in the study. On admission, blood sample was sent for blood grouping & cross-matching and estimation of haemoglobin. Additional investigations like routine blood test, TC, DC, urine for R/E were done in septic abortion cases. High vaginal swab was collected from all cases but only in 5 patients, it was possible to carry out culture and sensitivity test. All cases were admitted and followed up to discharge for studying their consequences. Result: Majority (61%) of the patients was admitted in their third decade of life. The included cases were predominantly poor (68%), Muslim (97%) and urban residents (78%). Over half (54%) of the patients were illiterate. Sixty percent patients were multipara, 21% primipara and 19% nullipara. Two patients were unmarried. One-quarter had previous history of 1-4 abortions. Of the 100 cases of abortions, over three-quarters (77%) were of spontaneous abortions and 23% were of induced abortions. Two-thirds (66%) of the cases presented with incomplete abortions, which among others, included incomplete MR (13%). Septic abortion was 12%; of which 10% were induced and 2% spontaneous abortions, complicated to septic abortions. Missed abortion was 10%, inevitable 10% and threatened 6%. Out of 100 cases, 86% required operative intervention which included dilatation, evacuation and curettage (95.2%), subtotal hysterectomy, repair of perforation, hysterotomy and colpotomy. Two threatened abortions cases continued their pregnancy. One threatened abortion, five missed abortion, one septic abortion and six inevitable abortion cases spontaneously expelled their product of conceptus. Seventy-nine patients received whole blood transfusion to compensate for haemorrhage. Over 80% were discharged from the hospital within 5 days. Complications (except anaemia) of abortion were found in 49% cases. One case of septic abortion with endotoxic shock and severe anemia died of the disease. Conclusion: Complications of abortion are preventable if the patients are made aware about the grave consequences of abortion and appropriate health services are extended at field levels. Ibrahim Card Med J 2020; 10 (1&2): 66-73

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Wade, Sydney A., Erin Y. Chen, Sophie M. Lanzkron, Anne E. Burke e Lydia H. Pecker. "Abortions Outcomes of People with Sickle Cell Disease". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 5045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-179212.

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Introduction People with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for SCD-associated complications with routine procedures. Whether people with SCD seeking abortions require special consideration is unknown. At our center, 28% of surveyed women with SCD reported having had an abortion, and 32% believed abortion to be unsafe for people with SCD. This cohort also reported low rates of long-acting contraception use. Information about abortion outcomes among people with SCD is important to inform care and minimize unnecessary delays, particularly as people in the U.S. face barriers to abortion access. The purpose of this study is to describe a single-center experience with abortions for people with SCD. Methods This single-center JHU IRB-approved study included people with SCD ages 18-55 years who had a medication or procedural abortion between April 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. Systematic data collected from electronic health records included patient demographics, pregnancy information (e.g., gravidity), SCD characteristics (e.g., genotype), healthcare utilization, and abortion information, including the type of abortion, anesthesia and steroid use, pre- and post-abortion transfusion use, and the number and type of post-abortion complications. These complications included SCD complications (e.g., pain crises and acute chest syndrome) and non-SCD complications (e.g., infections and hemorrhage). SAS was used to generate descriptive statistics. Results There were 19 subjects with 27 abortions between 2013 and 2022. The median age at the time of abortion care was 24 years (IQR: 20-29). About half of the subjects with known genotypes (10/18, 56%) had HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassemia and accounted for an equal proportion of abortions (15/27, 56%). The nearest median hemoglobin level to abortion was 8.9 g/dL (IQR: 8.1-10.6). In 15/27 (56%) abortions, the subject was on disease-modifying therapy (hydroxyurea or chronic transfusions) before pregnancy, and two subjects stopped taking hydroxyurea during pregnancy. Six subjects who had 11/27 (41%) abortions in the cohort had ≥ five hospitalizations for pain crises in the year before abortion. Most abortions (24/27, 96%) were managed with a <30-minute dilation and curettage or dilation and evacuation. The median gestational age at the time of abortion care was 10 weeks (IQR: 8-14). Among procedural abortions (N=24), seven were treated with steroids. The rates of 7-day and 30-day complications for procedural abortions were 6/24 (26%) and 10/24 (42%), respectively, of which a majority were SCD pain crises (Table 1). Baseline pain crisis frequency was six times higher in subjects with post-abortion pain crises compared to those without. There was no difference in pain crisis after abortion between those with steroid use (4/7, 56%) compared to those without steroid use (8/16, 50%). Conclusions In this cohort, most abortions were procedural and required brief anesthesia. This does not routinely require prophylactic transfusion. Steroids, a risk factor for pain crises, were commonly used in procedural abortions. The high rate of baseline pain crises in this cohort confounded the association between abortions and post-abortion pain crises. People with HbSS/HbSβ0 thalassemia were underrepresented in our cohort when compared to the general SCD population. This may reflect differences in pregnancy rates or abortion decision-making within this group. Limitations include that this study is single-center and did not capture abortions performed outside our healthcare system. Larger studies are needed to define management and inform abortion care for people with SCD.

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Latifi, Hajrullah, Astrit M. Gashi e Drilon Latifi. "Anxiety scale in surgical abortions and drug-induced abortions: A comparative study". Romanian Journal of Neurology 20, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2021): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2021.4.10.

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Introduction. It is well known that many events during life can be stressful events, specifically events related to health. Abortion is an event that represents a robust risk factor for the development of anxiety symptoms. Induced abortions occur for many reasons, including genetic defect, missed abortion, various diseases of the mother, trauma etc. The impact of abortion (as stressful life events) in the etiology of anxiety disorders has been described in the literature. Anxiety disorders are defined as excessive worry or fear and tension about everyday events and problems or for any sudden stressful life events. Anxiety levels are typically classified into four categories: mild, moderate, severe and panic level anxiety. Objective. The primary objective of the study was to determine the anxiety scale before an induced abortion. Materials and methods. This is a cohort study. The study was conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, a tertiary care hospital. 189 women participated in the study waiting for abortions. The women were divided into two groups; 87 women designated for surgical abortion and 102 for drug-induced abortion. Both groups were assessed separately for presence and degree of anxiety. To evaluate these two parameters were used Hopkins Symptoms Checklist (HSCL-25). Only the first 10 HSCL-25 questions were used to assess the presence and anxiety scale. The anxiety scale was measured before the abortion. The primary outcome measures studied were the incidence of abortions, the average maternal age, type of induced abortion, presence of anxiety, and anxiety scale. Results. During the study period in our clinic, 1376 pregnant women were hospitalized, out of which 189 cases for abortion. The incidence rate of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Of these 189 cases for abortion in both groups, 110 women or 58.2% had anxiety. The mean age of patients was 28.76 ± 6.2 years. Out of 110 cases that experienced anxiety during an induced abortion; 78.2% (86 cases) had mild anxiety, 19.1% (21 cases) moderate anxiety, and 2.7% (3 cases) severe anxiety. A comparison was made between the two groups, and it turned out those women with surgical abortions had a relative risk (RR) OF 1.5 times higher to experience anxiety during abortion procedures than not even women with drug-induced abortions. Anxiety was experienced by women in the form of phobias. Women who underwent surgical abortion mostly had phobias such as; phobia by uncontrollable bleeding (31.7%), followed by phobia by surgical abortion procedures (27%), phobia associated with anesthesia (14.3%), while women who underwent drug-induced abortion mostly had phobias by phobia associated with abortion failure, and likelihood for surgical abortion (44.7%), followed by phobia for developing infections (31.9%) etc. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the incidence of abortions was 13.7 per 1000 women aged 15-44 years. Regardless of the method of abortion, 58% of women experienced anxiety during the abortion procedure. Of these, 78% had low levels of anxiety, 19% moderate and 3% severe anxiety. Findings from our analysis show that women who had abortions with surgical abortions experienced 1.5 times more anxiety than women with drug-induced abortions.

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Skjeldestad, Finn Egil, e Leiv S. Bakketeig. "Induced Abortion: Trends in the Tendency to Repeat, Norway, 1972–1981". Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 14, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488601400406.

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Through the 1970s the number of women who experienced an induced abortion increased in Norway. Thus, the population at risk for a repeat abortion has increased. The frequency of repeat abortions has doubled from 1972 to 1981. However, the annual frequency of observed repeat abortion has been below what could be expected according to contraceptive failure rates. There is no evidence that the liberalized abortion legislation has led to the use of induced abortion as a method of birth control. In order to improve fertility surveillance and to elucidate the epidemiology of induced abortion, there is a need for more detailed and individually based national registration of induced abortions as well as spontaneous abortions.

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Madibela, O. R., e B. V. E. Segwagwe. "Nutritional effects on maternal blood metabolites and on outcome of pregnancy of dry season kidding Tswana goats". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200012424.

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Reproductive wastage in terms of abortion, foetal loss and neonatal loss is one of the factors undermining goat productivity in Botswana. Abortion storms occur during the winter months, (Binta et al., 1996) which coincide with the dry season. Though infectious causes were found in aborting goats, these accounted for a relatively small proportion of the total number of animals aborting (Binta et al., 1998). Due to relatively few cases of abortions caused by infectious agents in Norwegian dairy goats, Hussain et al., (1996) suggested that nutritional and environmental factors might be important. The aim of study was to evaluate the nutritional effects on blood metabolites and pregnancy outcome of Tswana goats under tropical conditions.

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Odouard, Ilina C., Jenny S. Guadamuz, Apurba Chakraborty, G. Caleb Alexander e Dima M. Qato. "Induced Abortion and Out-of-State Travel Among Insured Women Before and After the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization Decision". O&G Open 1, n. 2 (giugno 2024): 016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/og9.0000000000000016.

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OBJECTIVE: To quantify changes in abortion rates and out-of-state travel for abortion among insured women before and after the Dobbs v. Jackson decision. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of IQVIA's anonymized, patient-level preadjudicated medical claims on induced medication or procedural abortions among 43.1 million insured women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the United States. We used information from the Guttmacher Institute to stratify states based on post-Dobbs abortion access policy: 1) legal with protections, 2) legal with restrictions, 3) partial ban, and 4) full ban. The main outcomes were 1) total number and rate of abortions per 100,000 women of reproductive age and 2) proportion of women with out-of-state abortions before (July–December 2021) and after (July–December 2022) Dobbs. RESULTS: Between January 2021 and December 2022, a total of 212,875 women of reproductive age (mean±SD age 28.1±6.5 years) had at least one induced abortion. In a comparison of the pre-Dobbs period with the post-Dobbs periods, there were increases in both the total number of women with at least one abortion (from 54,634 to 57,017) and the rate of abortions (from 121.7 to 137.7/100,000). Increases in abortion rates were driven primarily by states where abortion is legal with protections (from 278.5 to 328.5/100,000), whereas abortion rates declined slightly in states with partial (from 16.1 to 15.0/100,000) and full (from 7.2 to 6.8/100,000) abortion bans. Increases in the percentage of women traveling out of state to obtain an abortion were observed only in restrictive states and were greatest in states with full abortion bans (27.4% before Dobbs to 53.4% after Dobbs) (P<.001). CONCLUSION: There was a modest increase in abortion rates among insured women nationally after Dobbs, with modest increases in abortions among residents of states with protective abortion policies and increases in out-of-state abortions among residents of full- and partial-ban states.

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Norris, Alison H., Payal Chakraborty, Kaiting Lang, Robert B. Hood, Sarah R. Hayford, Lisa Keder, Danielle Bessett et al. "Abortion Access in Ohio’s Changing Legislative Context, 2010–2018". American Journal of Public Health 110, n. 8 (agosto 2020): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305706.

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Objectives. To examine abortion utilization in Ohio from 2010 to 2018, a period when more than 15 abortion-related laws became effective. Methods. We evaluated changes in abortion rates and ratios examining gestation, geographic distribution, and abortion method in Ohio from 2010 to 2018. We used data from Ohio’s Office of Vital Statistics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Abortion Surveillance Reports, the American Community Survey, and Ohio’s Public Health Data Warehouse. Results. During 2010 through 2018, abortion rates declined similarly in Ohio, the Midwest, and the United States. In Ohio, the proportion of early first trimester abortions decreased; the proportion of abortions increased in nearly every later gestation category. Abortion ratios decreased sharply in most rural counties. When clinics closed, abortion ratios dropped in nearby counties. Conclusions. More Ohioans had abortions later in the first trimester, compared with national patterns, suggesting delays to care. Steeper decreases in abortion ratios in rural versus urban counties suggest geographic inequity in abortion access. Public Health Implications. Policies restricting abortion access in Ohio co-occur with delays to care and increasing geographic inequities. Restrictive policies do not improve reproductive health.

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Giorgio, Margaret, Fredrick Makumbi, Simon Peter Sebina Kibira, Solomon Shiferaw, Assefa Seme, Suzanne O. Bell e Elizabeth Sully. "Self-reported abortion experiences in Ethiopia and Uganda, new evidence from cross-sectional community-based surveys". PLOS Global Public Health 3, n. 9 (8 settembre 2023): e0002340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002340.

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Unsafe abortion is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. To gain insight into the ways in which abortion restrictions and stigma may shape reproductive health outcomes, we present self-reported data on abortions in Ethiopia and Uganda and compare these findings across the two varying legal contexts. W investigate differences in sociodemographic characteristics by whether or not a woman self-reported an abortion, and we describe the characteristics of women’s most recent self-reported abortion. In Ethiopia only, we classified abortions as being either safe, less safe, or least safe. Finally, we estimate minimum one-year induced abortion incidence rates using the Network Scale-Up Method (NSUM). We find that women who self-reported abortions were more commonly older, formerly married, or had any children compared to women who did not report an abortion. While three-quarters of women in both settings accessed their abortion in a health facility, women in Ethiopia more commonly used public facilities as compared to in Uganda (23.0% vs 12.6%). In Ethiopia, 62.4% of self-reported abortions were classified as safe, and treated complications were more commonly reported among least and less safe abortions compared to safe abortions (21.4% and 23.1% vs. 12.4%, respectively). Self-reported postabortion complications were more common in Uganda (37.2% vs 16.0%). The NSUM estimate for the minimum one-year abortion incidence rate was 4.7 per 1000 in Ethiopia (95% CI 3.9–5.6) and 19.4 per 1000 in Uganda (95% C 16.2–22.8). The frequency of abortions and low levels of contraception use at the time women became pregnant suggest a need for increased investments in family planning services in both settings. Further, it is likely that the broadly accessible nature of abortion in Ethiopia has made abortions safer and less likely to result in complications in Ethiopia as compared to Uganda.

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WANG, DUOLAO, HONG YAN e ZHONGHUI FENG. "ABORTION AS A BACKUP METHOD FOR CONTRACEPTIVE FAILURE IN CHINA". Journal of Biosocial Science 36, n. 3 (21 aprile 2004): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003006217.

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Abstract (sommario):

Contraceptive failure rates for modern methods including sterilization are reported to be high in China, but little is known about the consequence of contraceptive failure and characteristics of women who decide to have an abortion if a contraceptive failure occurs. Using 6225 contraceptive failures from the 1988 Chinese Two-per-Thousand Fertility Survey, this study examines the resolution of contraceptive failure and assesses the impact of some women’s sociodemographic characteristics on the decision to terminate contraceptive failure in abortion. This study has three important findings: (1) The abortion rate was 50·1%, 75·3% and 80·2% for IUD, condom and pill failures, respectively; (2) The abortion rates differed by contraceptive method and women’s social and demographic characteristics. In particular, a woman with just one child was most likely to have the contraceptive failure aborted; (3) Some women experienced repeated abortions because of contraceptive failure. The results suggest that abortion was a backup method if contraception failed in China and the correlates of aborting an unwanted pregnancy reflect the strong impact of the Chinese family planning programme.

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Guendelman, Sylvia, Elizabeth Pleasants, Coye Cheshire e Ashley Kong. "Exploring Google Searches for Out-of-Clinic Medication Abortion in the United States During 2020: Infodemiology Approach Using Multiple Samples". JMIR Infodemiology 2, n. 1 (12 maggio 2022): e33184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/33184.

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Background As access barriers to in-person abortion care increase due to legal restrictions and COVID-19–related disruptions, individuals may be turning to the internet for information and services on out-of-clinic medication abortions. Google searches allow us to explore timely population-level interest in this topic and assess its implications. Objective We examined the extent to which people searched for out-of-clinic medication abortions in the United States in 2020 through 3 initial search terms: home abortion, self abortion, and buy abortion pill online. Methods Using the Google Trends website, we estimated the relative search index (RSI)—a comparative measure of search popularity—for each initial search term and determined trends and its peak value between January 1, 2020, and January 1, 2021. RSI scores also helped to identify the 10 states where these searches were most popular. We developed a master list of top search queries for each of the initial search terms using the Google Trends application programming interface (API). We estimated the relative search volume (RSV)—the search volume of each query relative to other associated terms—for each of the top queries using the Google Health Trends API. We calculated average RSIs and RSVs from multiple samples to account for low-frequency data. Using the Custom Search API, we determined the top webpages presented to people searching for each of the initial search terms, contextualizing the information found when searching them on Google. Results Searches for home abortion had average RSIs that were 3 times higher than self abortion and almost 4 times higher than buy abortion pill online. Interest in home abortion peaked in November 2020, during the third pandemic wave, at a time when providers could dispense medication abortion using telemedicine and by mail. Home abortion was most frequently queried by searching for Planned Parenthood, abortion pill, and abortion clinic, presumably denoting varying degrees of clinical support. Consistently lower search popularity for self abortion and buy abortion pill online reflect less population interest in mostly or completely self-managed out-of-clinic abortions. We observed the highest interest for home abortion and self abortion in states hostile to abortion, suggesting that state restrictions encourage these online searches. Top webpages provided limited evidence-based clinical content on self-management of abortions, and several antiabortion sites presented health-related disinformation. Conclusions During the pandemic in the United States, there has been considerably more interest in home abortions than in minimally or nonclinically supported self-abortions. While our study was mainly descriptive, showing how infrequent abortion-related search data can be analyzed through multiple resampling, future studies should explore correlations between the keywords denoting interest in out-of-clinic abortion and abortion care measures and test models that allow for improved monitoring and surveillance of abortion concerns in our rapidly evolving policy context.

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Lowe, Pam. "(Re)imagining the ‘Backstreet’: Anti-abortion Campaigning against Decriminalisation in the UK". Sociological Research Online 24, n. 2 (28 novembre 2018): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418811973.

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The risk of death or serious injury from ‘backstreet abortions’ was an important narrative in the 20th century campaign to liberalise abortion in the UK. Since then, clinical developments have reduced the overall health risks of abortion, and international health organisations have been set up to provide cross-border, medically safe abortions to places where it is unlawful, offering advice and, where possible, supplying abortion pills. These changes mean that pro-choice campaigns in Europe have often moved away from the risks of ‘backstreet abortions’ as a central narrative when campaigning for abortion liberalisation. In contrast, in the UK, anti-abortion activists are increasingly using ideas about ‘backstreet abortions’ to resist further liberalisation. These claims can be seen to fit within a broader shift from morals to risk within moral regulation campaigns and build on anti-abortion messages framed as being ‘pro-women’, with anti-abortion activists claiming to be the ‘savers’ of women. Using a parliamentary debate as a case study, this article will illustrate these trends and show how the ‘backstreet’ metaphor within anti-abortion campaigns builds on three interconnected themes of ‘abortion-as-harmful’, ‘abortion industry’, and ‘abortion culture’. This article will argue that the anti-abortion movement’s adoption of risk-based narratives contains unresolved contradictions due to the underlying moral basis of their position. These are exacerbated by the need, in this case, to defend legislation that they fundamentally disagree with. Moreover, their attempts to construct identifiable ‘harms’ and vulnerable ‘victims’, which are components of moral regulation campaigns, are unlikely to be convincing in the context of widespread public support for abortion.

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24

Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Mauricélia da Silveira Lima, Carlos Henrique Alencar, Alberto Novaes Ramos Jr, Francisco Herlânio Costa Carvalho, Márcia Maria Tavares Machado e Jorg Heukelbach. "Temporal trends and spatial distribution of unsafe abortion in Brazil, 1996-2012". Revista de Saúde Pública 48, n. 3 (giugno 2014): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004878.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze temporal trends and distribution patterns of unsafe abortion in Brazil. METHODS Ecological study based on records of hospital admissions of women due to abortion in Brazil between 1996 and 2012, obtained from the Hospital Information System of the Ministry of Health. We estimated the number of unsafe abortions stratified by place of residence, using indirect estimate techniques. The following indicators were calculated: ratio of unsafe abortions/100 live births and rate of unsafe abortion/1,000 women of childbearing age. We analyzed temporal trends through polynomial regression and spatial distribution using municipalities as the unit of analysis. RESULTS In the study period, a total of 4,007,327 hospital admissions due to abortions were recorded in Brazil. We estimated a total of 16,905,911 unsafe abortions in the country, with an annual mean of 994,465 abortions (mean unsafe abortion rate: 17.0 abortions/1,000 women of childbearing age; ratio of unsafe abortions: 33.2/100 live births). Unsafe abortion presented a declining trend at national level (R2: 94.0%, p < 0.001), with unequal patterns between regions. There was a significant reduction of unsafe abortion in the Northeast (R2: 93.0%, p < 0.001), Southeast (R2: 92.0%, p < 0.001) and Central-West regions (R2: 64.0%, p < 0.001), whereas the North (R2: 39.0%, p = 0.030) presented an increase, and the South (R2: 22.0%, p = 0.340) remained stable. Spatial analysis identified the presence of clusters of municipalities with high values for unsafe abortion, located mainly in states of the North, Northeast and Southeast Regions. CONCLUSIONS Unsafe abortion remains a public health problem in Brazil, with marked regional differences, mainly concentrated in the socioeconomically disadvantaged regions of the country. Qualification of attention to women’s health, especially to reproductive aspects and attention to pre- and post-abortion processes, are necessary and urgent strategies to be implemented in the country.

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Sharafutdinova, Nazira, Marina Borisova, Elza Fazlyeva, Olga Mukhamadeeva, Marat Sharafutdinov, Zarema Saitova, Aisylu Khakimova e Askar Murtazin. "THE RATE AND STRUCTURE OF ABORTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN IN 2017-2022". Social Aspects of Population Health 69, n. 4 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2023-69-4-14.

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Significance. Despite the decline in the frequency of abortions, they remain an urgent problem due to the decline in the birth rate and deterioration of the reproductive health of the female population. The purpose of the study is to determine the structure and frequency of pregnancy termination among women in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2017-2022. Material and methods. The main sources of information were the official statistical materials of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan, federal statistical observation form No.13 (“Information on pregnancy with an abortive outcome”), as well as information from the state health information system of the Republic of Bashkortostan on termination of pregnancy among women. Results. From 2017 to 2022 in the Republic of Bashkortostan there was a 41.5% decrease in the frequency of abortions among women of reproductive age (from 14.7 per 1000 women of reproductive age in 2017 to 8.6 per 1000 women of reproductive age in 2022). Medical abortions prevailed in the structure of pregnancy termination up to 12 weeks (52.8% in 2017 and 41.1% in 2022), and spontaneous abortions prevailed in the structure of pregnancy termination from 12 to 22 weeks (44.1% and 40.6%, respectively). Abortion rates decreased among both urban and rural women, but were higher among rural women compared to urban women. The highest abortion rates were observed in the age groups of 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years and 35-39 years. It should be noted that the prevalence of abortion was higher among rural women (9.3‰ and 6.5‰ respectively) than urban women (4.4‰ and 2.8‰ respectively). The average women age who terminated pregnancy was lower among rural women. Abortions up to 12 weeks prevailed in the structure of pregnancy terminations. Conclusions. From 2017 to 2022, the Republic of Bashkortostan registered a decrease in the abortion rate, the majority of pregnancies were terminated until 12 weeks of gestation, the prevalence of abortion is higher among rural women, the average age of rural women who terminated pregnancy was lower compared to urban women.

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Mulumba, Blondy Kayembe. "Legalization, safer and more preventive than restriction". Aegean Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2, n. 2 (18 agosto 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/aejog.v2i2.37.

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In this paper, the goal aimed was to bring out consequences that go along with illegal and unsafe abortion and benefits attached to legal and safe abortion in order to urge countries with restrictive abortion laws to reform their legislations so as to save women’s lives from higher morbidity and mortality resulting from unsafe abortion and to protect their health and human rights. In fact, a large number of scholars have established the relationships between developing countries and restrictive abortion laws, restrictive abortion grounds and illegal abortion, illegal abortion and unsafe abortion, unsafe abortion and higher maternal morbidity and mortality. From that, it has been stressed that most of developing countries have restrictive abortion legislation, which fosters a large amount of illicit and unsafe abortions, responsible of such consequences as higher maternal morbidity and mortality. Since restrictive laws, instead of decreasing illegal abortion and its consequences, only increase them and make women run a great risk, it has been demonstrated that legalizing and granting access to safe abortion is the most effective prevention of criminal and unsafe abortions.

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Popinchalk, Anna, e Gilda Sedgh. "Trends in the method and gestational age of abortion in high-income countries". BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health 45, n. 2 (aprile 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsrh-2018-200149.

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Abstract (sommario):

BackgroundExamining the distribution of abortions by method of abortion and gestational age at time of termination provides insight about the options women may have to terminate their pregnancies. Comparing these distributions across countries and over time is an important step toward understanding the factors that can drive these distributions, including regulations and practices related to the provision of abortion services, and women’s preferences and needs.MethodsWe sought official statistics on gestational age and method of abortion for all high-income countries with liberal abortion laws. For the 24 high-income countries with available data, we calculated percentage distributions of abortions by gestational age of pregnancy and method of abortion for 2017 or the most recent year for which data were available, and assessed trends in the preceding 10 years whenever possible.ResultsMedication (or medical) abortion accounts for at least half of all abortions in the majority of countries. In the majority of countries over 90% of all abortions were completed before 13 weeks, and more than two-thirds of abortions occurred before the first 9 weeks of gestation. Over the past 10 years there has been an increase in both the proportion of abortions that were medication abortions and the proportion that were obtained before 9 weeks gestation.ConclusionsThese findings highlight changes in abortion provision in the past decade. More research is needed to understand whether the observed distributions are a function of women’s preferences or of barriers to the timing and type of care they would prefer.

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Coleman, Priscilla K., Catherine T. Coyle e Vincent M. Rue. "Late-Term Elective Abortion and Susceptibility to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms". Journal of Pregnancy 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/130519.

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The primary aim of this study was to compare the experience of an early abortion (1st trimester) to a late abortion (2nd and 3rd trimester) relative to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms after controlling for socio-demographic and personal history variables. Online surveys were completed by 374 women who experienced either a 1st trimester abortion (up to 12 weeks gestation) or a 2nd or 3rd trimester abortion (13 weeks gestation or beyond). Most respondents (81%) were U.S. citizens. Later abortions were associated with higher Intrusion subscale scores and with a greater likelihood of reporting disturbing dreams, reliving of the abortion, and trouble falling asleep. Reporting the pregnancy was desired by one's partner, experiencing pressure to abort, having left the partner prior to the abortion, not disclosing the abortion to the partner, and physical health concerns were more common among women who received later abortions. Social reasons for the abortion were linked with significantly higher PTSD total and subscale scores for the full sample. Women who postpone their abortions may need more active professional intervention before securing an abortion based on the increased risks identified herein. More research with diverse samples employing additional measures of mental illness is needed.

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Uaamnuichai, Sutira, Rattiya Chuchot, Phanupong Phutrakool, Ratthapong Rongkapich, Rada Poolkumlung, Somsook Santibenchakul e Unnop Jaisamrarn. "Knowledge, Moral Attitude, and Practice of Nursing Students Toward Abortion". INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 60 (gennaio 2023): 004695802311639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580231163994.

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In 2021, Thailand decriminalized abortions to allow for legal abortions on request up to 12 weeks’ gestation and conditionally up to 20 weeks’ gestation, or in the case of sexual assault, maternal mental or physical harm, or fetal abnormality. We intend to say that healthcare practitioners’ positive attitudes toward abortion will destigmatize abortion for both themselves and their patients. We explored the knowledge, attitudes, and intended practices of nursing students toward safe abortion practices in light of the recent law reform. This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 4 parts: a demographic information questionnaire; and measures to assess their knowledge, moral attitudes, and intended practice regarding safe abortion care. Questionnaires were sent to 206 nursing students who had completed the Midwifery and Maternal-Newborn Nursing rotation in Bangkok, Thailand. The survey response rate was 90.8%. Mean (standard deviation) knowledge score was 6.72 (1.86) out of 10. Buddhist students were more likely to have a positive attitude toward abortions. Most students intended to practice safe abortions in pregnancies that affect maternal physical or mental health, or in pregnancies that resulted from unlawful sexual contact. Students were more ambivalent toward abortion practices for socioeconomic reasons. Better knowledge of abortion legislation was associated with a more positive attitude toward abortions and safe abortion practice intention. Approximately 1 year after the abortion law reform in Thailand, nursing students had incomplete knowledge of the amendment. Most students were inclined to provide abortion care services for certain conditions.

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Ambast, Sanhita, Hazal Atay e Antonella Lavelanet. "A global review of penalties for abortion-related offences in 182 countries". BMJ Global Health 8, n. 3 (febbraio 2023): e010405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010405.

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Abstract (sommario):

Public health research and human rights bodies have demonstrated the risks involved with criminalising abortion services and noted a need for full decriminalisation. Despite this, abortions are criminalised in some circumstances in almost all countries in the world today. This paper uses data from the Global Abortion Policies Database (GAPD) to analyse what criminal penalties exist for those who are seeking, providing and assisting in abortions in 182 countries.This paper uses data on abortion-related penalties available on the GAPD as of October 2022. It includes which actors are penalised, whether specific penalties exist for negligence, non-consensual abortions, whether any secondary additional considerations/judicial discretion exist in sentencing and the legal sources for these penalties.134 countries penalise abortion-seekers, 181 countries penalise abortion-providers and 159 countries penalise persons assisting in abortions. The maximum penalty is between 0 and 5 years of imprisonment in a majority of countries; however, it can be much higher in other countries. Some countries further prescribe fines, and professional sanctions for providers and those who assist. 34 countries restrict the dissemination of information about abortion.The range of possible penalties across countries and associated aggravating and mitigating factors for imposing these penalties support arguments for the decriminalisation of abortion on the grounds of arbitrariness. Abortions are also predominantly regulated through the criminal law, which may compound the stigma associated with seeking, assisting with and/or providing abortions when it is criminalised.There has been no comprehensive study of penalties for abortion at a global level. This article describes what specific penalties abortion seekers and providers face, what factors may increase or decrease these penalties, and the legal sources for these penalties. The findings provide additional evidence of the arbitrariness and potential for stigma associated with the criminalisation of abortion and strengthen the case for decriminalisation.

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Ringa-Ošleja, Guna, Vita Antāne, Ivars Lūsis, Lelde Grantiņa-Ieviņa, Žanete Šteingolde, Artjoms Mališevs e Aivars Bērziņš. "Reproduction and Productivity in Dairy Cattle after Abortions Both Related and Unrelated to Coxiella burnetii". Animals 13, n. 22 (18 novembre 2023): 3561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13223561.

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C. burnetii is a widespread pathogen, causing abortions and reproductive disorders in ruminants. The study aimed to evaluate animal reproductive capacity and productivity after abortion, related and unrelated to C. burnetii. We compared data about the abortion time, the outcome of the animals after an abortion, further reproduction, and productivity for C. burnetii-positive (n = 148) and C. burnetii-negative (n = 149) aborted dairy cows and heifers. C. burnetii-positive animals had a positive serological response or presence of C. burnetii DNA at the time of abortion. C. burnetii-positive animals had a significantly higher number of lactations at the time of abortion. However, in the other indicators, we observed no significant differences between the groups. Comparing indicators of all the aborted animals, we found that if animals started a new lactation after abortion, they had a significantly lower milk yield, lower fat, protein, and somatic cell counts (SCCs) in milk during the standard lactation for both primiparous and multiparous cows compared to herd averages in each group. Lower SCCs can be due to animals with a high SCC being culled earlier. We found an economic disadvantage to aborting, not only because of the loss of offspring, but also because of the high culling rate and lower productivity in both primiparous and multiparous cows.

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Skjeldestad, Finn Egil, Mika Gissler, Reynir Tómas Geirsson, Anna Heino, Hildur Björk Sigbjörnsdottir, Rupali Akerkar, Kristina Gemzell-Danielsson, Oskari Heikinheimo e Mette Løkeland. "Trends over 50 years with liberal abortion laws in the Nordic countries". PLOS ONE 19, n. 7 (10 luglio 2024): e0305701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305701.

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Background During the 1970s the Nordic countries liberalized their abortion laws. Objective We assessed epidemiological trends for induced abortion on all Nordic countries, considered legal similarities and diversities, effects of new medical innovations and changes in practical and legal provisions during the subsequent years. Methods New legislation strengthened surveillance of induced abortion in all countries and mandated hospitals that performed abortions to report to national abortion registers. Published data from the Nordic abortion registers were considered and new comparative analyses done. The data cover complete national populations. Results and conclusions After an increase in abortion rates during the first years following liberalization, the general abortion rates stabilized and even decreased in all Nordic countries, especially for women under 25 years. From the mid-1980s higher awareness about pregnancy termination led women to present at an earlier gestational age, which was accelerated by the introduction of medical abortion some years later. Most terminations (80–86%) are now done before the 9th gestational week in all countries, primarily by medical rather than surgical means. Introduction of routine ultrasound screening in pregnancy during the late 1980s, increased the number of 2nd trimester abortions on fetal anomaly indications without an overall increase in the proportion of 2nd relative to 1st trimester abortions. Further refinement of ultrasound screening and non-invasive prenatal diagnostic methods led to a slight increase in the proportion of early 2nd trimester abortions after the year 2000. Country-specific differences in abortion rates have remained stable over the 50 years of liberalized abortion laws.

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Kimport, Katrina, Tracy A. Weitz e Lori Freedman. "The Stratified Legitimacy of Abortions". Journal of Health and Social Behavior 57, n. 4 (18 novembre 2016): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022146516669970.

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Roe v. Wade was heralded as an end to unequal access to abortion care in the United States. However, today, despite being common and safe, abortion is performed only selectively in hospitals and private practices. Drawing on 61 interviews with obstetrician-gynecologists in these settings, we examine how they determine which abortions to perform. We find that they distinguish between more and less legitimate abortions, producing a narrative of stratified legitimacy that privileges abortions for intended pregnancies, when the fetus is unhealthy, and when women perform normative gendered sexuality, including distress about the abortion, guilt about failure to contracept, and desire for motherhood. This stratified legitimacy can perpetuate socially-inflected inequality of access and normative gendered sexuality. Additionally, we argue that the practice by physicians of distinguishing among abortions can legitimate legislative practices that regulate and restrict some kinds of abortion, further constraining abortion access.

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Foster, D. G., J. R. Steinberg, S. C. M. Roberts, J. Neuhaus e M. A. Biggs. "A comparison of depression and anxiety symptom trajectories between women who had an abortion and women denied one". Psychological Medicine 45, n. 10 (28 gennaio 2015): 2073–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714003213.

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BackgroundThis study prospectively assesses the mental health outcomes among women seeking abortions, by comparing women having later abortions with women denied abortions, up to 2 years post-abortion seeking.MethodWe present the first 2 years of a 5-year telephone interview study that is following 956 women who sought an abortion from 30 facilities throughout the USA. We use adjusted linear mixed-effects regression analyses to assess whether symptoms of depression and anxiety, as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory-short form and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health Questionnaire, differ over time among women denied an abortion due to advanced gestational age, compared with women who received abortions.ResultsBaseline predicted mean depressive symptom scores for women denied abortion (3.07) were similar to women receiving an abortion just below the gestational limit (2.86). Depressive symptoms declined over time, with no difference between groups. Initial predicted mean anxiety symptoms were higher among women denied care (2.59) than among women who had an abortion just below the gestational limit (1.91). Anxiety levels in the two groups declined and converged after 1 year.ConclusionsWomen who received an abortion had similar or lower levels of depression and anxiety than women denied an abortion. Our findings do not support the notion that abortion is a cause of mental health problems.

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Perreira, Krista M., Emily M. Johnston, Adele Shartzer e Sophia Yin. "Perceived Access to Abortion Among Women in the United States in 2018: Variation by State Abortion Policy Context". American Journal of Public Health 110, n. 7 (luglio 2020): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2020.305659.

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Objectives. To describe perceptions of access to abortion among women of reproductive age and their associations with state abortion policy contexts. Methods. We used data from the 2018 Survey of Family Planning and Women’s Lives, a probability-based sample of 2115 adult women aged 18 to 44 years in US households. Results. We found that 27.6% of women (95% confidence interval [CI] = 23.3%, 32.7%) believed that access to medical abortion was difficult and 30.1% of women (95% CI = 25.6%, 35.1%) believed that access to surgical abortion was difficult. Adjusted for covariates, women were significantly more likely to perceive access to both surgical and medical abortions as difficult when they lived in states with 4 or more restrictive abortion policies compared with states with fewer restrictions (surgical adjusted odds ratio [AORsurgical] = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.15, 2.21; AORmedical = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.95). Specific restrictive abortion policies (e.g., public funding restrictions, mandatory counseling or waiting periods, and targeted regulation of abortion providers) were also associated with greater perceived difficulty accessing both surgical and medical abortions. Conclusions. State policies restricting abortion access are associated with perceptions of reduced access to both medical and surgical abortions among women of reproductive age.

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Jain, Dipika. "Beyond bars, coercion and death: Rethinking abortion rights and justice in India". Oñati Socio-Legal Series 14, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2024): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1680.

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The legal framework governing abortion in India is, at its core, a cis-hetero-patriarchal framework that regulates pregnant persons' bodies using a punitive criminal justice system. The criminal framework encompasses Sections 312-318 IPC, provisions of the POCSO Act, and the PCPNDT Act, which prescribe significant state surveillance and allow for largely unchecked intimidation by law enforcement of both abortion providers and abortion seekers. Several case laws show the “chilling effect” of criminalization on healthcare providers, leading them to hesitate to provide safe abortion services. The stigma around abortions perpetuated by criminalization, leaves pregnant persons with limited reproductive choices – these include either availing of safe abortions and risking prosecution, availing of unsafe abortions and risking adverse health outcomes, or carrying unwanted pregnancies to term and avoiding prenatal and maternal healthcare. Criminalization disproportionately affects marginalized communities, with examples of legal reform showing carceral approaches' disregard for structural factors affecting certain groups' access to fundamental rights and healthcare services. It is, therefore, imperative to decriminalize abortion completely, framing avenues for redressal within a reproductive justice framework. The proposal to completely abolish penal provisions that govern forced abortions begets concerns about leaving marginalized pregnant persons who frequently experience forced abortions with no legal recourse. This feminist dilemma that ensues requires the adoption of decarceral, intersectional approaches that maintain structures of accountability for harm done, without posing any risk to the rights of marginalized pregnant persons. El marco jurídico que rige el aborto en India es fundamentalmente una estructura cis-heteropatriarcal, que utiliza un sistema de justicia penal punitivo para controlar los cuerpos de las personas embarazadas. Las secciones 312-318 del Código Penal indio, junto con la ley de Protección de los niños contra los delitos sexuales y la ley de Técnicas de diagnóstico prenatal y antes de la concepción, componen este marco penal, promoviendo una vigilancia estatal que intimida por igual a quienes practican el aborto y a quienes lo solicitan. Los casos judiciales ilustran vívidamente el perjudicial “efecto amedrentador” que tiene la penalización tanto sobre los proveedores de atención sanitaria como sobre quienes buscan abortar. El estigma vinculado a los abortos penalizados limita la autonomía de decisión reproductiva, obligando a las personas a elegir entre procedimientos seguros pero perseguibles, abortos inseguros con riesgos para la salud, o llevar a término embarazos no deseados. Esto afecta de manera desproporcionada a las comunidades marginadas, lo que pone de relieve la inadecuación de los enfoques carcelarios para abordar las barreras estructurales a la realización de los derechos reproductivos. Los activistas piden la despenalización completa, impulsando una transición hacia un marco de justicia reproductiva. La propuesta de abolir por completo las disposiciones penales que regulan los abortos forzados suscita la preocupación de dejar sin recursos legales a las personas embarazadas marginadas que suelen sufrir abortos forzados. El dilema feminista que se plantea exige la adopción de enfoques descarceladores e interseccionales que mantengan las estructuras de rendición de cuentas sin poner en peligro los derechos de las mujeres embarazadas marginadas.

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Tang, Longmei, Shangchun Wu, Dianwu Liu, Marleen Temmerman e Wei-Hong Zhang. "Repeat Induced Abortion among Chinese Women Seeking Abortion: Two Cross Sectional Studies". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 9 (22 aprile 2021): 4446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094446.

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Background: In China, there were about 9.76 million induced abortions in 2019, 50% of which were repeat abortions. Understanding the tendency of repeat induced abortion and identifying its related factors is needed to develop prevention strategies. Methods: Two hospital-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2005–2007 and 2013–2016 in 24 and 90 hospitals, respectively. The survey included women who sought an induced abortion within 12 weeks of pregnancy. The proportion of repeat induced abortions by adjusting the covariates through propensity score matching was compared between the two surveys, and the zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was established to identify independent factors of repeat induced abortion. Results: Adjusting the age, occupation, education, marital status and number of children, the proportion of repeat induced abortions in the second survey was found to be low (60.28% vs. 11.11%), however the unadjusted proportion was high in the second survey (44.97% vs. 51.54%). The risk of repeat induced abortion was higher among married women and women with children [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.31 (0.20, 0.49) and 0.08 (0.05, 0.13)]; the risk among service industry staff was higher when compared with unemployed women [ORadj and 95% CI: 0.19 (0.07, 0.54)]; women with a lower education level were at a higher risk of a repeat induced abortion (ORadj < 1). Compared with women under the age of 20, women in other higher age groups had a higher frequency of repeat induced abortions (IRadj: 1.78, 2.55, 3.27, 4.01, and 3.93, separately); the frequency of women with lower education levels was higher than those with a university or higher education level (IRadj > 1); the repeat induced abortion frequency of married women was 0.93 (0.90, 0.98) when compared to the frequency of unmarried women, while the frequency of women with children was 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) of childless women; the induced abortion frequency of working women was about 60–95% with that of unemployed women. Conclusions: The repeat induced abortion proportion was lower than 10 years ago. Induced abortion seekers who were married, aged 20 to 30 years and with a lower education level were more likely to repeat induced abortions.

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Baig, Marina, Sadia Abbas Ali, Kiran Mubeen e Arusa Lakhani. "Induced abortions in Pakistan: an afflicting challenge needing addressal". British Journal of Midwifery 29, n. 2 (2 febbraio 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2021.29.2.94.

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Unintended pregnancies due to low prevalence of contraceptive use in Pakistan leads to a huge burden of induced abortions. These abortions are a major cause of concern, as a majority of these abortions are performed in an unhygienic environment by untrained providers, leading to maternal morbidities and mortalities. Some of the contributing factors of unsafe abortions are lack of availability of quality services, financial barriers, stigma associated with abortion and lack of awareness about abortion law. Therefore, there is an urgent need to invest on family planning and post-abortion care services through health system strengthening approach. The proposed comprehensive strategy for actions at the individual, facility, community and policy levels can address the issue of unsafe abortion in the country.

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Meel, Banwari. "A Report on Illegal Abortions in Transkei Region of South Africa". Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 14, n. 3 (15 settembre 2021): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijfmp.0974.3383.14321.2.

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Background: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996 )Act 92 of 1996) has so far had very little impact on criminal abortions in the Transkei region of South Africa. This raises the serious question why the women opt for an illegal abortion rather than go to designated legal abortion clinics which carry out safe abortions in South Africa. Objective: To study the underlying reasonswomen,prefer to go for an illegal abortion in Transkei region of South Africa. Method: Two medical students voluntarily found out the facts regarding illegal abortions in Transkei region of South Africa. These students went to an illegal abortionist and then described in a student research assignment what they saw there. Results: In 2015 two medical students consulted both a legal and an illegal abortionist facility in rural pretendingtowant an abortion. Their conversationswere recorded. The legal clinic was not user-friendly, misbehaved with the girls, cast doubt on their confidentiality and took a long time to do the abortions, while the illegal abortionist charged money for their service, but they were quick and kept confidentiality. Conclusion: Illegal facilities are more user-friendly and ensured confidentiality which leads to women going to anillegal abortionist instead. Keywords | Abortion, Confidentiality, Illegal abortion, Abortion clinic.

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40

Simkulet, William. "The Two tragedies argument". Journal of Medical Ethics 45, n. 5 (22 febbraio 2019): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105145.

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Opposition to induced abortion rests on the belief that fetuses have a moral status comparable to beings like us, and that the loss of such a life is tragic. Antiabortion, or pro-life, theorists argue that (1) it is wrong to induce abortion and (2) it is wrong to allow others to perform induced abortion. However, evidence suggests that spontaneous abortion kills far more fetuses than induced abortion, and critics argue that most pro-life theorists neglect the threat of spontaneous abortion and ought to do more to prevent it. Friberg-Fernros contends such an obligation would be implausibly strong, arguing that induced abortions are far worse than spontaneous abortions because while both involve the tragedy of the death of the fetus, induced abortion involves a second tragedy—one person killing another. I argue this two tragedies argument fails to explain what is morally relevant about induced abortion.

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Tesfaye, Bekele, Mesenbet Tewabe, Aster Ferede e Angela Dawson. "Induced Second Trimester Abortion and Associated Factors at Debre Markos Referral Hospital: Cross-Sectional Study". Women's Health 16 (gennaio 2020): 174550652092954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506520929546.

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Background: Although most induced abortions in Ethiopia are performed in the first trimester, many women will still require second trimester abortions. While access to abortion in Ethiopia is limited, few data are being available concerning the demand for and associated outcomes of second trimester abortions. This knowledge is important for planning the health service response to abortion. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the proportion and associated factors of second trimester abortion among women presenting for abortion care services at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debre Markos, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Markos Referral Hospital on a sample of 262 calculated using the single population proportion formula. Women who sought abortion services were interviewed consecutively from 12 February 2017 to 14 March 2017. Data were collected in a face-to-face exit interview and document review and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 software. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were undertaken to identify factors. Result: Of the women who presented for abortion care services in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, 73 (29.6%) had induced second trimester abortion. Unmarried women (adjusted odds ratio = 4.93, 95% confidence interval = 1.41–17.16) and women employed at private business (adjusted odds ratio = 6.17, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–32.76) were associated with induced second trimester abortion. Conclusion: This study revealed that almost one-third of women who presented for abortion care services at Debre Markos Referral Hospital had induced second trimester abortions. Raising awareness of the health consequence of second trimester abortion at community levels and counseling to avoid further occurrences are helpful to minimize the problem. Furthermore, early management of induced second trimester abortion is very crucial to prevent further complications.

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Moradinazar, Mehdi, Farid Najafi, Zeinab Moradi Nazar, Behrooz Hamzeh, Yahya Pasdar e Ebrahim Shakiba. "Lifetime Prevalence of Abortion and Risk Factors in Women: Evidence from a Cohort Study". Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (27 aprile 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4871494.

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Background. 10-20% of pregnancies end due to spontaneous abortions. In recent years, nondocumentary evidence has been indicative of an increase in the prevalence of nonspontaneous abortions in Iran, especially in the Kurdish regions. The aim of this study is to assess the lifetime prevalence of spontaneous abortions and factors affecting spontaneous abortion in women 35-65 years old. Method. Data from the recruitment phase of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study was used. All of the 4831 married women 35-65 years old and with history of pregnancy were included in this study. In order to determine the abortion ratio, the number of abortions was divided by the number of live births, and multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine associated factors affecting abortion. Results. About 25.7% of women had a history of spontaneous abortion. The abortion ratio in women was 0.10. The abortion ratio in women with secondary education, first pregnancy and marriage age at ≥26, socioeconomic condition, and hyperthyroid and diabetes was high while the abortion ratio of women with high physical activity and BMI<18.9 or residents of rural area was low. After assessing the effective variables, it was found that women with high blood pressure have 63% less odds for nonspontaneous abortion, which is statistically significant (p value<0.05). Conclusion. Considering the effect of factors such as level of education, older age at the first marriage, and age at the first pregnancy on increased chance of spontaneous abortion, measures should be taken to take more care for these people.

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Du, Angela, Rachel M. Smith e Katherine Rivlin. "Satisfaction With Abortion Training in an Abortion-Restrictive State". Journal of Graduate Medical Education 15, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2023): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-22-00935.1.

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Background With increasingly disparate patient access to abortion care and resident access to abortion training opportunities following the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision, educators must better understand how legal restrictions affect obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) resident training experiences and residents’ desire to provide abortions. Objective To characterize how resident perceptions of abortion restrictions affect satisfaction with training and intent to provide abortion. Methods We recruited OB/GYN residents training in Ohio, a state restrictive to abortion, to complete surveys capturing training experiences between 2019 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between perception of the legal climate on training and satisfaction with training and intent to provide abortions. To provide additional context to survey responses, we reviewed open-ended responses to the effect of the legal climate on training. Results Of 343 eligible residents, 88 (26%) responded from 13 of 15 programs (87% of programs). Most (73%) felt that the legal climate affected their training, and these respondents were more likely to be unsatisfied with their training (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 16.6; 95% CI 2.83-97.22). We found no association between perception of legal climate on training and intent to provide abortions. In open-ended responses, most residents described a desire for more abortion training and barriers to patient care. Some highlighted the positives of training in a restrictive environment, which allowed for an improved understanding of the skills required for patient advocacy. Conclusions Many residents felt that the legal climate in Ohio affected their abortion training, a perception that was associated with decreased satisfaction with training.

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Akhilgova, Zarina S., V. G. Volkov e N. N. Granatovich. "EVALUATION OF THE FREQUENCY AND STRUCTURE OF ABORTIONS IN THE REGION OF CENTRAL RUSSIA". V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, n. 3 (15 settembre 2019): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/2313-8726-2019-6-3-140-144.

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Abortion occupies a leading place in the structure of reproductive losses. The purpose of the study is to assess the structure and frequency of abortions in the Tula region Russia. Material and methods. In the period from 2013 to 2017, the analysis of the dynamics of fertility and abortion in the period up to 22 weeks was carried out. Results. During 5 years in the region of 73 517 was born living children. The analysis showed that the number of termination of pregnancy was 25 126, of them in the early stages (up to 12 weeks) 23 396 (93.1%), in the period from 12 to 22 weeks - 1730 (6.9%). The number of abortions in the region to 22 weeks decreased from 47.9 to 29.4 per 1,000 women (15-49 years) and from 19.9 to 11.4 per 100 born alive and dead. Compared with other types of abortion, the lowest basic rate of decline (9.97%) was set for spontaneous abortion (9.97%), the highest for medical legal abortion - 62.11%. In the structure of termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks there was an increase of spontaneous abortion for 2015 -2017 (the basic growth rate of 16.6%). In the region, there was an increase in the frequency of abortions in the first pregnancy by 33.9% and an increase in abortions for medical reasons by 16.85%. The age ratio of abortions remains stable throughout the follow-up period. Conclusion. The structure of reproductive losses in the region is still dominated by medical legal abortions, but among the true prenatal losses the leading role belongs to spontaneous abortion. Reducing the frequency of spontaneous abortion is the main unconditional reserve to increase the reproductive potential of the region.

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Greene, Edith. "Teaching about Psychological Perspectives on Abortion". Teaching of Psychology 22, n. 3 (ottobre 1995): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2203_13.

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This article describes an undergraduate course on abortion, one of the most contentious social issues of our time. The course focuses on the psychological aspects of abortion for adolescents and women who choose legal abortions, the consequences of denied abortions on unwanted children, and psychological ramifications of alternatives to abortion. Three phases of the course are described. In the introductory phase, I lectured on how scientific evidence about abortion is derived and should be scrutinized. In the second phase, students read and discussed historical and legal writings on abortion. In the third phase, students wrote analytical papers and gave group presentations. Evaluations of the course are included.

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Jacobson, Mireille, e Heather Royer. "Aftershocks: The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services". American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2011): 189–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.3.1.189.

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Between 1973 and 2003, abortion providers in the United States were the targets of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel is taken into account, however, the overall effect of the violence is much smaller. (JEL I11, J13, K42)

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BANKOLE, AKINRINOLA, GILDA SEDGH, BONIFACE A. OYE-ADENIRAN, ISAAC F. ADEWOLE, RUBINA HUSSAIN e SUSHEELA SINGH. "ABORTION-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG NIGERIAN WOMEN". Journal of Biosocial Science 40, n. 2 (marzo 2008): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007002283.

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SummaryThis study used data from a community-based survey to examine women’s experiences of abortion in Nigeria. Fourteen per cent of respondents reported that they had ever tried to terminate a pregnancy, and 10% had obtained an abortion. The majority of women who sought an abortion did so early in the pregnancy. Forty-two per cent of women who obtained an abortion used the services of a non-professional provider, a quarter experienced complications and 9% sought treatment for complications from their abortions. Roughly half of the women who obtained an abortion used a method other than D&C or MVA. The abortion prevalence and conditions under which women sought abortions varied by women’s socio-demographic characteristics. Because abortion is illegal in Nigeria except to save the woman’s life, many women take significant risks to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Reducing the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion can significantly impact the reproductive health of women in Nigeria.

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Chaput, Justine, Valentine Becquet, Pierre-Louis Bithorel, Elodie Baril, Elise de La Rochebrochard e Magali Mazuy. "Medication abortion during the COVID-19 pandemic in France: A research based on the French national health insurance database". PLOS ONE 19, n. 2 (7 febbraio 2024): e0295336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295336.

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Abstract (sommario):

Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic in France, abortion was recognized as an essential service that cannot be delayed, and such care was therefore presumed to be maintained. The aim is to analyze the changes in the practice of abortion in 2020 to identify the consequences of the two lockdowns and the effects of the extension of the legal time limit. Methods We analyzed the data collected by the French national health insurance system, which covers 99% of the population. All women who had an elective abortion, either surgical or with medication, in France in 2019 and 2020 were included in the study. Trend changes in abortions were analyzed by comparing the ratio of the weekly number of abortions in 2020 with the weekly number in 2019. Results Both 2020 lockdowns were followed by a drop in abortions, particularly after the first and stricter lockdown. This may be explained not by an abrupt shutdown of access to abortion services, but rather by a decrease in conceptions during the lockdown weeks. The decrease was more marked for surgical abortions than for medication abortions in a hospital setting, and less so for medication abortions in non-hospital settings. Moreover, the proportion of the latter type of abortions continued to increase, showing the reinforcement of a previous trend. Conclusions Our findings indicate that expanding the legal time limit for abortion, diversifying the settings where abortions can be performed and the range of abortion providers help to facilitate access to this fundamental reproductive care.

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Heino, Anna E., Mika Gissler, Maili Malin e Heini VÄisÄnen. "Induced abortions by woman’s country of origin in Finland 2001–2014". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 48, n. 1 (29 novembre 2018): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818812640.

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Aims: Understanding the differences in reproductive-health behaviours between native and migrant populations helps provide good reproductive-health services. We investigate the differences in induced abortion rates, pregnancy histories and use of contraceptives between native and migrant populations in Finland. Methods: The Finnish Register on Induced Abortions was linked with Population Register data from years 2001–2014 to identify first- and second-generation immigrants. The data included 142,708 induced abortions. Results: Abortion and contraceptive use varied between women of Finnish and foreign origins. Native women had a lower abortion rate than women born abroad. Women born in Somalia and India had the highest likelihood for having an abortion shortly after birth. The highest risk for having an abortion soon after previous induced abortion was among women born in Iran, Iraq, Somalia and former Yugoslavia. The risk for having more than two induced abortions was the highest for women born in Russia/the former Soviet Union and Estonia. Second-generation immigrants had a lower abortion rate than first-generation immigrants. Lack of contraceptive use prior to abortion was more common among women born abroad. Conclusion: There were differences in pregnancy histories and in the use of reliable contraceptive methods before an induced abortion by country of birth. The higher likelihood for abortion after a recent birth among first-generation immigrants highlights the need for more targeted counselling immediately after childbirth. Although the abortion rate is lower among second-generation immigrants, the neglect of contraceptive use calls for additional education in sexual and reproductive health.

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Flynn, Cameron O'Brien, e Robin Fretwell Wilson. "When States Regulate Emergency Contraceptives like Abortion, What Should Guide Disclosure?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, n. 1 (2015): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12197.

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State law efforts to regulate abortions have accelerated. Between 2011 and 2013, state legislatures enacted 205 abortion laws — 16 more than in the entire decade before. Most laws take direct aim at surgical abortions, although some also target chemical abortions that use drugs like RU-486, a common chemical abortifacient sold under the trade name Mifeprex.A crop of new state laws focus on the subject of this Symposium, that is, what information abortion providers must give women about the procedures or drugs they seek. In the most controversial iteration of these “informed consent” statutes, abortion providers must “perform an ultrasound on each wom[a]n seeking an abortion and…show and describe the image” (the “speech and display provisions”). Some state laws regulating chemical abortions also force particular disclosures to women when receiving such drugs.

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