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1
Guider, Jeff. "Curriculum, Classroom Management and Discipline for the Aboriginal Student". Aboriginal Child at School 19, n. 4 (settembre 1991): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007550.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Director-General of Education in 1982, Mr. D.Swan, stated that Aboriginal education had two purposes: to enhance the development and learning of Aboriginal students and to enable all students to have some knowledge, understanding and appreciation of Aborigines and their cultural heritage (Aboriginal Education Unit, 1982, p.5). Unfortunately, today Aboriginal students still do not enjoy compatible success and participation rates to those of non-Aboriginal students. They are predominantly taught irrelvant curriculums and faced with inappropriate teacher classroom management and discipline styles. Subsequently, many Aboriginal students view schools as alien and hostile places. Schools do not meet Aboriginal students’ needs and problems of low self-esteem, motivation, academic achievement and a sense of safety and belonging often occur. Aboriginal students often do not behave in the same manner as non-Aboriginal students and teachers should be aware of the purposes of Aboriginal students’ behaviour and of the family and cultural influences which shape Aboriginals’ feelings, attitudes and values. There is a need in our schools for the inclusion of more Aboriginal perspectives in curriculums and for teachers to become aware of the need to change the way they teach and interact with Aboriginal students.
2
BROOKE, C. J., T. V. RILEY e D. J. HAMPSON. "Comparison of prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of the intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in four Australian populations". Epidemiology and Infection 134, n. 3 (15 settembre 2005): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005170.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study examined the prevalence of the intestinal spirochaetes Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira pilosicoli in different Western Australian (WA) populations. Faecal samples included 287 from rural patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, comprising 142 from non-Aboriginal and 145 from Aboriginal people; 227 from recent healthy migrants to WA from developing countries; and 90 from healthy non-Aboriginal individuals living in Perth, WA. DNA was extracted from faeces, and subjected to PCR assays for both species. B. pilosicoli-positive individuals were confined to the rural Aboriginal (14·5%) and migrant (15·0%) groups. B. aalborgi was detected at a lower but similar prevalence in all four groups: rural non-Aboriginals, 5·6%; rural Aboriginals, 6·9%; migrants, 7·9%; controls, 5·6%. In migrants and Aborigines, the presence of B. pilosicoli and B. aalborgi was associated (P<0·001), suggesting that colonization by B. pilosicoli may be facilitated by colonization with B. aalborgi. Amongst the Aboriginal patients, logistic regression identified both spirochaete species as being associated with chronic diarrhoea, failure to thrive and being underweight. Both species may have pathogenic potential, but B. aalborgi appears more host-adapted than the opportunistic B. pilosicoli.
3
Franklin, Adrian. "Aboriginalia: Souvenir Wares and the ‘Aboriginalization’ of Australian Identity". Tourist Studies 10, n. 3 (dicembre 2010): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797611407751.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years Aboriginalia, defined here as souvenir objects depicting Aboriginal peoples, symbolism and motifs from the 1940s—1970s and sold largely to tourists in the first instance, has become highly sought after by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal collectors and has captured the imagination of Aboriginal artists and cultural commentators. The paper seeks to understand how and why Aboriginality came to brand Australia and almost every tourist place and centre at a time when Aboriginal people and culture were subject to policies (particularly the White Australia Polic(ies)) that effectively removed them from their homelands and sought in various ways to assimilate them (physiologically and culturally) into mainstream white Australian culture. In addition the paper suggests that this Aboriginalia had an unintended social life as an object of tourism and nation. It is argued that the mass-produced presence of many reminders of Aboriginal culture came to be ‘repositories of recognition’ not only of the presence of Aborigines but also of their dispossession and repression. As such they emerge today recoded as politically and culturally charged objects with (potentially) an even more radical role to play in the unfolding of race relations in Australia.
4
Christie, M. J. "What is a Part Aborigine?" Aboriginal Child at School 14, n. 1 (marzo 1986): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There can be no ethnic group in Australia that displays as much diversity as the Australian Aborigines. Their lifestyles range from hunting and gathering in the most remote corners of Australia, through a more settled existence in outback country towns and on the fringes of towns and cities, to an ongoing struggle to survive in the hearts of Australia’s biggest cities. What is it that unites all Aboriginal people regardless of where they live? Many people, white Australians especially, seem to think that it is the racial characteristics, skin colour and “blood”, which makes an Aborigine. To these people, the darker a person’s skin is, the more Aboriginal they are. When this sort of thinking predominates, as it so often does, many Aboriginal people start finding themselves robbed of their Aboriginality. People tell them that they are only half or a quarter Aborigine, or a “part Aborigine”.
5
Ospina, Maria B., Donald C. Voaklander, Michael K. Stickland, Malcolm King, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan e Brian H. Rowe. "Prevalence of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Studies". Canadian Respiratory Journal 19, n. 6 (2012): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/825107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have considerable potential for inequities in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting vulnerable groups.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in asthma and COPD prevalence between adult Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, specialized databases and the grey literature up to October 2011 were searched to identify epidemiological studies comparing asthma and COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal adult populations. Prevalence ORs (PORs) and 95% CIs were calculated in a random-effects meta-analysis.RESULTS: Of 132 studies, eight contained relevant data. Aboriginal populations included Native Americans, Canadian Aboriginals, Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Maori. Overall, Aboriginals were more likely to report having asthma than non-Aboriginals (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.23 to 1.60]), particularly among Canadian Aboriginals (POR 1.80 [95% CI 1.68 to 1.93]), Native Americans (POR 1.41 [95% CI 1.13 to 1.76]) and Maori (POR 1.64 [95% CI 1.40 to 1.91]). Australian Aboriginals were less likely to report asthma (POR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28 to 0.86]). Sex differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginals and their non-Aboriginal counterparts were not identified. One study compared COPD prevalence between Native and non-Native Americans, with similar rates in both groups (POR 1.08 [95% CI 0.81 to 1.44]).CONCLUSIONS: Differences in asthma prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations exist in a variety of countries. Studies comparing COPD prevalence between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations are scarce. Further investigation is needed to identify and account for factors associated with respiratory health inequalities among Aboriginal peoples.
6
V, Swetha, e Dr N. Gayathri. "Reclaiming Aboriginal Identity in the Select Novels of Kim Scott’s: True Country Using Identity Theory". World Journal of English Language 13, n. 5 (24 aprile 2023): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p384.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Australian Aboriginal stories were presented from the traditional Aboriginal oral narratives. These narratives present the stories of Aboriginals with prior to the colonial dispute which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal identity. These Aboriginals have necessitated the urge to reclaim their Aboriginality using oral narratives which was later transcribed into various written forms. The reclamation using traditional oral narratives has emphasized on the significance of Aboriginal identity and their cultural belonging. The current paper examines the impact of European colonization and reveals the lost Aboriginal identity of the Australian Aboriginals using the novel True Country by Kim Scott. The objective of this paper is to emphasize on the challenges evolved in reclaiming the lost Aboriginal identity, through various Aboriginal voices in the novel. The study focuses on reclaiming the lost self and cultural Aboriginal identities examined through oral narratives using the identity theory.
7
Helmus, Leslie, Kelly M. Babchishin e Julie Blais. "Predictive Accuracy of Dynamic Risk Factors for Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Sex Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 56, n. 6 (4 agosto 2011): 856–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11414693.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although Aboriginal offenders are overrepresented in Canadian prisons, there is limited research examining the extent to which commonly used risk factors and risk scales are applicable to Aboriginals. Aboriginal ( n = 88) and non-Aboriginal ( n = 509) sex offenders on community supervision were compared on the dynamic risk factors of STABLE-2007. Data on sexual, violent, any crime, and any recidivism (including breaches) were collected with an average follow-up of 3.4 years. Aboriginal offenders scored significantly higher than non-Aboriginal offenders on STABLE-2007 total scores and on several items measuring general criminality. STABLE-2007 did not significantly predict recidivism with Aboriginal offenders (although it did for non-Aboriginals). The general antisociality items were generally significantly less predictive for Aboriginals than non-Aboriginals, whereas items assessing sexual self-regulation and relationship stability predicted similarly for both groups. These exploratory results suggest that Aboriginal sex offenders are a higher-needs group but that some STABLE-2007 items are not predictive with this population.
8
Guider, Jeff. "Why Are So Many Aboriginal Children Not Achieving At School ?" Aboriginal Child at School 19, n. 2 (maggio 1991): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007410.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1988 the Aboriginal Education Policy Task Force called for broad equity between Aboriginal people and other Australians in access, participation, and outcomes at all stages of education. Aboriginals are not achieving a comparative level of success at school compared to non-Aboriginals. Symptomatic of problems in our schools are, the over representation of Aboriginals in lower classes, the high drop-out rate of Aboriginal children and their low participation rates in the senior years of high school. Some 17% of Aboriginal youth continue their schooling to year 12 compared to 49% of all students (Department of Employment, Education and Training, 1988, p.7). The failure of Aboriginal children to achieve at school has been widely interpreted as an individual failure on the part of Aboriginal children. Poor attainment has been attributed to lower I.Q. and ability, inadequate home environments, and poor parenting and not to the inadequacies of the education provided, to prejudices Aboriginal children face or to the active resistance by Aboriginal people to the cultural destruction implicit in many educational programs (McConnochie, 1982, p.20). An examination of the determinants of school success shows that Aboriginal children’s cultural values, beliefs and practices and Australian schools are often in conflict. To improve the outcomes for Aboriginal children schools are required to assess whether or not they are catering for the inherent needs and talents of individual Aboriginal children.
9
Oppenheimer, Robert J. "Aboriginal Employment: Continuing to Improve in 2012". Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development 8, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2013): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jaed325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The employment rate for Aboriginals living off-reserve in Canada continued to improve in 2012. It increased to 56.9%, a rate of two percent (2%) over 2011. This is impressive when compared to the zero growth rate for non-Aboriginals. The participation rate for Aboriginals living off-reserve in Canada also increased. It grew from 64.1% to 65.2%. In addition, the gap between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals for employment rates and participation rates continued to narrow in 2012. When employment is examined by educational level, there is no meaningful difference between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. There is also a clear relationship that increased levels of education are associated with higher employment rates and participation rates. Aboriginal employment in 2012 increased the most in Ontario. It is also the province with the largest Aboriginal as well as non-Aboriginal populations. The sectors in which the largest increases in Aboriginal employment in 2012 occurred were in construction, manufacturing, health care and social assistance and information, culture and recreation.
10
Malloy, Jonathan. "Double Identities: Aboriginal Policy Agencies in Ontario and British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Political Science 34, n. 1 (marzo 2001): 131–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423901777840.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article argues that provincial government units for Aboriginal affairs in Ontario and British Columbia have ''double identities'' stemming from contradictory mandates anchored in two different policy communities. Aboriginal policy agencies act as Crown negotiators with Aboriginal nations over land claims and self-government, but are also responsible for co-ordinating government policies affecting Aboriginals. Consequently, they interact with two different policy communities. One involves economic and resource ministries, which engage in a pressure pluralist relationship with Aboriginal groups. The second involves social policy ministries who engage in more clientele pluralist relationships with Aboriginals. Consequently, Aboriginal policy agencies display different identities and play different and sometimes contradictory roles. These ''double identities'' illustrate the complexity and contradictions of provincial-Aboriginal relations in Canada.
11
Ospina, Maria B., Brian H. Rowe, Donald Voaklander, Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan, Michael K. Stickland e Malcolm King. "Emergency Department Visits after Diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Aboriginal People in Alberta, Canada". CJEM 18, n. 6 (16 maggio 2016): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.328.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjectivesThis retrospective cohort study compared rates of emergency department (ED) visits after a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the three Aboriginal groups (Registered First Nations, Métis and Inuit) relative to a non-Aboriginal cohort.MethodsWe linked eight years of administrative health data from Alberta and calculated age- and sex-standardized ED visit rates in cohorts of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal individuals diagnosed with COPD. Rate ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in a Poisson regression model that adjusted for important sociodemographic factors and comorbidities. Differences in ED length of stay (LOS) and disposition status were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 2,274 Aboriginal people and 1,611 non-Aboriginals were newly diagnosed with COPD during the study period. After adjusting for important sociodemographic and clinical factors, the rate of all-cause ED visits in all Aboriginal people (RR=1.72, 95% CI: 1.67, 1.77), particularly among Registered First Nations people (RR=2.02; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.08) and Inuit (RR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.35), were significantly higher than that in non-Aboriginals, while ED visit rates were significantly lower in the Métis (RR=0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98). The ED LOS in all Aboriginal groups were significantly lower than that of the non-Aboriginal group.ConclusionsAboriginal people with COPD use almost twice the amount of ED services compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts. There are also important variations in patterns of ED services use among different Aboriginal groups with COPD in Alberta.
12
Moore, Terry. "Aboriginal Agency and Marginalisation in Australian Society". Social Inclusion 2, n. 3 (17 settembre 2014): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v2i3.38.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is often argued that while state rhetoric may be inclusionary, policies and practices may be exclusionary. This can imply that the power to include rests only with the state. In some ways, the implication is valid in respect of Aboriginal Australians. For instance, the Australian state has gained control of Aboriginal inclusion via a singular, bounded category and Aboriginal ideal type. However, the implication is also limited in their respect. Aborigines are abject but also agents in their relationship with the wider society. Their politics contributes to the construction of the very category and type that governs them, and presses individuals to resist state inclusionary efforts. Aboriginal political elites police the performance of an Aboriginality dominated by notions of difference and resistance. The combined processes of governance act to deny Aborigines the potential of being both Aboriginal and Australian, being different and belonging. They maintain Aborigines’ marginality.
13
Valberg, Ashley. "Aboriginal Representation in Canada: Reforming Parliament or Creating a Third Order of Government". Agora: Political Science Undergraduate Journal 2, n. 2 (13 maggio 2012): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/agora17246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Canada, aboriginals are constantly searching for proper representation, voice and place within in society at large and more specifically, in the parliamentary system. This paper critically examines the creation and maintenance of a place for aboriginals within contemporary Canadian governance, specifically two venues for aboriginal represent in Canada: representation through parliamentary reform or self-government by Aboriginal groups.
14
Moor, Patricia Ezekiel, Peter C. Collignon e Gwendolyn L. Gilbert. "Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Used To Investigate Genetic Diversity of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Isolates in Australia Shows Differences between Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Isolates". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, n. 5 (1999): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.5.1524-1531.1999.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We used pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to study the epidemiology and population structure of Haemophilus influenzae type b. DNAs from 187 isolates recovered between 1985 and 1993 from Aboriginal children (n = 76), non-Aboriginal children (n = 106), and non-Aboriginal adults (n = 5) in urban and rural regions across Australia were digested with the SmaI restriction endonuclease. Patterns of 13 to 17 well-resolved fragments (size range, ∼8 to 500 kb) defining 67 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types were found. Two types predominated. One type (n = 37) accounted for 35 (46%) of the isolates from Aboriginals and 2 (2%) of the isolates from non-Aboriginals, and the other type (n = 41) accounted for 2 (3%) of the isolates from Aboriginals and 39 (35%) of the isolates from non-Aboriginals. Clustering revealed seven groups at a genetic distance of ∼50% similarity in a tree-like dendrogram. They included two highly divergent groups representing 50 (66%) isolates from Aboriginals and 6 (5%) isolates from non-Aboriginals and another genetically distinct group representing 7 (9%) isolates from Aboriginals and 81 (73%) isolates from non-Aboriginals. The results showed a heterogeneous clonal population structure, with the isolates of two types accounting for 42% of the sample. There was no association between RFLP type and the diagnosis of meningitis or epiglottitis, age, sex, date of collection, or geographic location, but there was a strong association between the origin of isolates from Aboriginal children and RFLP type F2a and the origin of isolates from non-Aboriginal children and RFLP type A8b. The methodology discriminated well among the isolates (D = 0.91) and will be useful for the monitoring of postvaccine isolates of H. influenzae type b.
15
Kosala, B. A. L., e K. M. I. S. Kumara. "An Analysis of Covid-19 Global Pandemic and Sri Lankan Aboriginal Community with Special Reference to Bourdieusian Approach". Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 07, n. 02 (30 agosto 2022): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i02.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It seems that Sri Lankan aboriginal community had to go through significant hardships during the Covid-19 outbreak. This particular research was conducted in Rathugala aboriginal village in Monaragala district mainly as a qualitative research. The whole research was driven by four major objectives; investigating the social burdens that Rathugala aborigines had to undergo in the pandemic outbreak, the efficacy of the government-sponsored redressing mechanism towards the Rathugala aborigines, the coping strategies employed by Rathugala aborigines to face the unexpected pandemic and its consequences and understanding aforesaid factors through a Bourdieusian perspective. A sample comprising 20 respondents (N=20) was selected under the purposive sampling and sample size was determined by the data saturation point. Data analysis was predominantly carried out as a thematic analysis with a Bourdieusian Approach. The research revelations are as follows; Closing the entrances to the aboriginal village seemingly brought most of the income earnings of the Rathugala aborigines to a halt. Subsequently, it caused the proliferation of the decades-old chronic poverty in Rathugala aboriginal village. Some aboriginal youth have been involved in illegal means of income-earning for their survival as government subsidizing was late and not systematic. The lack of social capital in the Rathugala aboriginal community has made them more deprived of gaining social support from outside of their community. Being aborigines has created a pathetic social perception in the mindset of both the general public and state officials and it might have been a barrier for Rathugala aborigines in the pandemic time when gaining state support.
16
White, Stephen, Michael M. Atkinson, Loleen Berdahl e David McGrane. "Public Policies toward Aboriginal Peoples: Attitudinal Obstacles and Uphill Battles". Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, n. 2 (giugno 2015): 281–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000281.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper examines public attitudes towards aboriginal policy in Canada, focusing on evidence from two surveys conducted in Saskatchewan, a province with a large and growing Aboriginal population. We show that although non-Aboriginals are collectively divided on Aboriginal public policies, expressing considerable support for some, but strong reservations when it comes to others; the individual-level evidence indicates that there is a single Aboriginal policy agenda in the minds of non-Aboriginal Canadians. Support for, and opposition to, the privileging of Aboriginal claims is structured in part by prejudice toward outgroups but also by non-Aboriginal people's more general position on the role of government in society. Moreover, the impact of positions about the role of government in society on attitudes toward Aboriginal policies is moderated by people's level of political sophistication: the more educated and politically interested they are, the greater the impact of those ideological views.
17
Hazlehurst, Kayleen M. "Alcohol, Outstations and Autonomy: An Australian Aboriginal Perspective". Journal of Drug Issues 16, n. 2 (aprile 1986): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268601600208.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It has been argued that a variety of pressures—a history of colonial exploitation, socio-economic decline, and psycho-environmental factors—have contributed to Aboriginal alcoholism and alcohol related crime. Other analyses have connected Aboriginal drinking patterns with a well established set of social relationships which support and continue to maintain Aboriginal life-style alcoholism. In the search for effective and long-term “solutions” to this addiction the author urges a deeper understanding of Aboriginal drinking relationships and the potential of these relationships to offer real rehabilitative alternatives for Aboriginals.
18
Parmar, Parmvir, Daniel J. Corsi e Curtis Cooper. "Distribution of Hepatitis C Risk Factors and HCV Treatment Outcomes among Central Canadian Aboriginal". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8987976.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background.Aboriginal Canadians face many lifestyle risk factors for hepatitis C exposure.Methods.An analysis of Ottawa Hospital Viral Hepatitis Clinic (Ottawa, Canada) patients between January 2000 and August 2013 was performed. HCV infection risk factors and HCV treatment outcomes were assessed. Socioeconomic status markers were based on area-level indicators linked to postal codes using administrative databases.Results.55 (2.8%) Aboriginal and 1923 (97.2%) non-Aboriginal patients were evaluated. Aboriginals were younger (45.6 versus 49.6 years,p<0.01). The distribution of gender (63.6% versus 68.3% male), HIV coinfection (9.1% versus 8.1%), advanced fibrosis stage (29.2% versus 28.0%), and SVR (56.3% versus 58.9%) was similar between groups. Aboriginals had a higher number of HCV risk factors, (mean 4.2 versus 3.1,p<0.001) with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–4.4) for having 4+ risk factors. This was not explained after adjustment for income, social deprivation, and poor housing. Aboriginal status was not related to SVR. Aboriginals interrupted therapy more often due to loss to follow-up, poor adherence, and substance abuse (25.0% versus 4.6%).Conclusion. Aboriginal Canadians have higher levels of HCV risk factors, even when adjusting for socioeconomic markers. Despite facing greater barriers to care, SVR rates were comparable with non-Aboriginals.
19
Laugharne, Jonathan. "Poverty and mental health in Aboriginal Australia". Psychiatric Bulletin 23, n. 6 (giugno 1999): 364–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.23.6.364.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When the Australian Governor General, Sir William Deane, referred in a speech in 1996 to the “appalling problems relating to Aboriginal health” he was not exaggerating. The Australia Bureau of Statistics report on The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples (McLennan & Madden, 1997) outlines the following statistics. The life expectancy for Aboriginal Australians is 15 to 20 years lower than for non-Aboriginal Australians, and is lower than for most countries of the world with the exception of central Africa and India. Aboriginal babies are two to three times more likely to be of lower birth weight and two to four times more likely to die at birth than non-Aboriginal babies. Hospitalisation rates are two to three times higher for Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal Australians. Death rates from infectious diseases are 15 times higher among Aboriginal Australians than non-Aboriginal Australians. Rates for heart disease, diabetes, injury and respiratory diseases are also all higher among Aboriginals – and so the list goes on. It is fair to say that Aboriginal people have higher rates for almost every type of illness for which statistics are currently recorded.
20
V, Swetha, e Dr N. Gayathri. "Reclaiming Individual Needs of The Aboriginals in Kim Scott’s: True Country Using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory". World Journal of English Language 13, n. 6 (24 luglio 2023): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p559.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human beings possess a set of fundamental needs to sustain existence. These needs enable a unique dimension to our identities through the motivational factors leading to self-actualization. Developing an identity is a combination of a social and individual entity evolved from the individual’s interpersonal needs. The paper examines the impact of lost identity and a weakened sense of belonging within the Australian Aboriginal community, and its consequential effects on their ability to meet fundamental necessities. These Aboriginals have advocated reclaiming their basic needs through oral narratives that were consequently transcribed into various written forms. This research is based on a quantitative approach, attempting to depict the individual Aboriginal needs in Kim Scott’s True Country using Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs Theory’. Further investigates the interpersonal developmental identities of the Aborigines using the above-mentioned theory. The finding exhibits the positive impact in achieving the individual needs to redefine themselves.
21
Bailie, Anna, Robert Parungao, Melanie Ouellette e Chantelle Russell. "Benchmarking Trends In Aboriginal Forestry". Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development 7, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2011): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jaed293.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The forest has long been a central component of the culture of Aboriginal Canadians, and opportunities for economic development in Aboriginal forestry are emerging in several areas. The amount of forest assets managed by Aboriginal peoples has been increasing as well as the types of business relationships Aboriginal peoples are engaged in are expanding. However, the development of Aboriginal capacity in the forest sector is varied. The educational and skill-levels of Aboriginal workers in forestry is improving, but the average age of the Aboriginal workforce has steadily increased, which reflects a rapidly aging underlying demographic. While the median total income for Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has increased, the number of Aboriginal workers in the forest sector has steadily declined. Further, average income drastically varies depending on whether an individual is on or off-reserve. The earnings of off-reserve Aboriginal forestry workers are very close to those of their non-Aboriginal counterparts, while on-reserve forestry workers are earning less than half of what non-Aboriginals make. Benchmarking these trends is important as it facilitates the continued tracking of the role of Aboriginal peoples in the forest sector as it changes and new areas of opportunity develop.
22
Fraleigh, Matthew. "TRANSPLANTING THE FLOWER OF CIVILIZATION: THE “PEONY GIRL” AND JAPAN'S 1874 EXPEDITION TO TAIWAN". International Journal of Asian Studies 9, n. 2 (luglio 2012): 177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591412000022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article examines available narratives and modes of representation concerning “civilization” and “savagery” in the early Meiji proto-colonial discursive sphere. It focuses on a major event in the 1874 Taiwan Expedition: Japan's capture and attempted assimilation of an orphaned aboriginal girl. Through an analysis of Japanese newspaper reports, woodblock prints, illustrated books, and commercial photography, this article argues that alongside the well-characterized “rhetoric of aboriginal savagery” that exaggerated the otherness of Taiwanese indigenes, there developed a synergistic “rhetoric of aboriginal civilization” that emphasized the indigenes' capacity for transformation. This mode of representation stressed not the aboriginals' alterity but rather their latent affinity to Japan. According the aboriginal a measure of temporality, the rhetoric of aboriginal civilization formed an indispensable counterpart to the rhetoric of aboriginal savagery: one that affirmed the campaign's “civilizing” component by demonstrating its viability.
23
Singh, M. G. "Struggle for Truth : Aboriginal reviewers contest disabling prejudice in print." Aboriginal Child at School 14, n. 1 (marzo 1986): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourse of Aboriginal reviewers to discover what they regard as important ideas to be resisted and contested. By means of documentary analysis of their book reviews this paper brings into focus the language which legitimises action against Aborigines. It is argued that disabling prejudice in print serves broader social functions, particularly the justification for the status devaluation of Aboriginal Australians. However, there is room for optimism in the realisation that Aborigines are gaining the skill to engage in ideology critique, and the emergence of socially critical literature. Throughout this paper teachers and librarians will find criteria for selecting books for (rather than against) Aborigines, while the appendices list resources according to the recommendations of Aboriginal reviewers.
24
Budby, J. "Aboriginal and Islander Views: Aboriginal Parental Involvement in Education". Aboriginal Child at School 22, n. 2 (agosto 1994): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006325.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Aboriginal consultative group to the Schools Commission in their report. Education for Aborigines, made the following statement about the involvement of parents in the education of their children.
25
Pring, Adele. "Aboriginal Studies at Year 12 in South Australia and Northern Territory". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 17, n. 5 (novembre 1989): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007094.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aboriginal Studies is now being taught at Year 12 level in South Australian schools as an externally moderated, school assessed subject, accredited by the Senior Secondary Assessment Board of South Australia.It is a course in which students learn from Aboriginal people through their literature, their arts, their many organizations and from visiting Aboriginal communities. Current issues about Aborigines in the media form another component of the study.
26
Lindemann, Paula. "Brisbane Urban Aboriginal Materials Kit". Aboriginal Child at School 17, n. 2 (maggio 1989): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006660.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Brisbane Urban Aboriginal Materials were developed in response to a need - that is the scarcity of teaching materials related to urban Aboriginal lifestyles. They provide classroom materials for teachers which give insights into the lifestyles of Aboriginal people in Brisbane at this time.The materials provide both teachers and students with an opportunity to gain a greater understanding of the culture of urban Aborigines in Brisbane. In doing so, it is hoped the materials will enable teachers to present an accurate and positive view of urban Aboriginal lifestyles.
27
Hall, Wayne, Ernest Hunter e Randolph Spargo. "Alcohol Use and Incarceration in a Police Lockup among Aboriginals in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 27, n. 1 (giugno 1994): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589402700109.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Data from a general population survey of a stratified random sample of 516 Aboriginal men and women over the age of 15 years in the Kimberley region of Western Australia were used to estimate patterns of incarceration in police lockups and their relationship to self-reported alcohol consumption. Participants in the survey were asked about their lifetime experience of incarceration in police cells, and about their frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption. Estimates of the population risk of incarceration indicated that 81% of Kimberley Aboriginal men, and 37% of Kimberley Aboriginal women have been locked up in police cells. Alcohol use was strongly related to the risk of being locked up in police cells, and the risk was higher among current drinkers who were of full rather than mixed Aboriginal descent. Urgent action is required to reduce rates of incarceration in police cells among Kimberley Aboriginals. In addition to the decriminalisation of public drunkenness, action needs to be taken to reduce the prevalence of heavy alcohol use, and to improve the social and economic conditions in which Kimberley Aboriginals live.
28
Gale, Mary-Anne. "Dhangu Djorra'wuy Dhäwu: A Brief History of Writing in Aboriginal Language". Aboriginal Child at School 22, n. 1 (aprile 1994): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200006015.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since leaving ‘the bush’ I have been continually surprised at the ignorance that still exists about Aboriginal people and their languages. When people chat to me, and it is revealed that I used to work in Aboriginal schools in the Northern Territory, they say things like “Do you speak Aboriginal then?… Maybe you could make a sign for us saying ‘Welcome to our Kindergarten’ in Aboriginal?” I then have to explain that there are many, many different Aboriginal languages, not just one, and to say or write such things in any one of these languages requires a lot more than a mere literal translation. When I began doing research on the topic of writing in Aboriginal languages. I was again surprised at the sorts of comments people made to me. Comments like “How can you do research on writing in Aboriginal languages; I thought the Aborigines didn't even have an alphabet!”
29
Gale, Mary-Anne. "Dhangum Djorra'wuy Dhäwu: A Brief History of Writing in Aboriginal Languages". Aboriginal Child at School 22, n. 2 (agosto 1994): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s031058220000612x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since leaving ‘the bush’ I have been continually surprised at the ignorance that still exists about Aboriginal people and their languages. When people chat to me, and it is revealed that I used to work in Aboriginal schools in the Northern Territory, they say things like “Do you speak Aboriginal then?… Maybe you could make a sign for us saying ‘Welcome to our Kindergarten’ in Aboriginal?” I then have to explain that there are many, many different Aboriginal languages, not just one, and to say or write such things in any one of these languages requires a lot more than a mere literal translation. When I began doing research on the topic of writing in Aboriginal languages. I was again surprised at the sorts of comments people made to me. Comments like “How can you do research on writing in Aboriginal languages: I thought the Aborigines didn't even have an alphabet!”
30
Gilbert, Stephanie. "Living with the past: the creation of the stolen generation positionality". AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 15, n. 3 (12 agosto 2019): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177180119869373.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
That you could look down to your arm and hands and see brown skin, but it connote nothing but disgust or confusion, is one consequence of the assimilationist policies implemented on Aborigines throughout Australia in the 1900s. Some removed children had little exposure or experience of Aboriginal culture, family and no reinforcement to live “as an Aborigine”. Understanding the disconnect experienced by these removed children, between being visually perceived as Aboriginal and living an identity they have been forced to create is important. This article describes how this disconnect is understood as a dysphoria holding both body-focused aspects and cultural aspects. It is proposed here that these dysphoric constructions have resulted in a unique way within this population and influences how the individuals involved have come to understand their lived identity and, indeed, how they might continue to be understood as a legitimate part of the span of indigeneities.
31
Chu, Jou-Juo. "From Incorporation to Exclusion: The Employment Experience of Taiwanese Urban Aborigines". China Quarterly 164 (dicembre 2000): 1025–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000019287.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The racial or ethnic division between aborigines and the predominant Han Chinese had seldom been considered a significant factor in shaping Taiwan's labour forces before the late 1970s. Even though the aboriginal urban migrants felt isolated or discriminated against in the urban neighbourhood and the workplace, most grievances remained at the individual level. The discontent did not become a public issue until the introduction of foreign workers was made a legal measure to relieve labour shortages. This article is concerned with the way urban aborigines have been first incorporated into and then excluded from the employment structure of Taiwanese society in the process of industrialization. A brief look at the two waves of aboriginal urban migration is accompanied by a description of the characteristics of the jobs to which most urban aborigines were recruited. The article then examines one of the major effects of globalization on the sub-proletariatization of urban aborigines through the medium of the 1989 foreign imported labour policy. Urban aboriginal opposition to the importation of foreign workers started with the deprivation of their job opportunities and then developed into a feeling of xenophobia which encouraged the formation of a pan-aboriginal consciousness in pursuit of political rectification of their long-ignored subordinate and disadvantageous position in terms of citizenship.
32
Barber, J. G., P. H. Delfabbro e L. Cooper. "Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in out-of-home care". Children Australia 25, n. 3 (2000): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009743.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A full year’s intake of 38 Aboriginal children and 198 non-Aboriginal children referred for a new out-of-home placement in South Australia were studied as part of the first phase of a 3-year longitudinal study into the outcomes of alternative care. The baseline profile of this cohort revealed a number of significant racial and geographical differences between the children. Among the most important of these was an interaction between race and geographical location on length of time in care which indicated that Aboriginal children from metropolitan areas and non-Aboriginal children from rural areas had the longest histories of alternative care. In addition, Aboriginal children in metropolitan areas were the least likely to be referred into care for reasons of emotional abuse or neglect, no doubt because so many of them were already in alternative care at the time of the referral. Metropolitan Aboriginal children were also the unhealthiest and, together with rural non-Aborigines, the most likely to be under a court order at the time of placement. Overall, results are consistent with the proposition that metropolitan Aboriginal children and rural non-Aboriginal children are the most reliant on the formal alternative care system.
33
Kukuruzovic, Renata H., e David R. Brewster. "Small Bowel Intestinal Permeability in Australian Aboriginal Children". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 35, n. 2 (agosto 2002): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2002.tb07773.x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTObjectiveTo show that the severity of diarrheal disease in Aboriginal children in tropical Australia is a consequence of underlying small intestinal mucosal damage.Study DesignA prospective study of 338 Aboriginal admissions compared to 37 non‐Aboriginal children, both diarrhea cases and controls. Intestinal permeability was measured by lactulose‐rhamnose (L/R) ratios on a timed 90‐minute blood test.ResultsFor diarrheal admissions, significantly more Aboriginal (vs. non‐Aboriginal children) had hypokalemia (70 vs. 10%), acidosis (65 vs. 29%), moderate to severe dehydration (52 vs. 19%) and a longer mean length of stay (mean 8.9 vs. 3.9 days). Mean L/R ratios (95% confidence intervals) in Aboriginal children (diarrhea vs. controls) were 16.5 (14.6–18.7) vs. 4.5 (3.8–5.3) compared to 7.7 (4.4–13.3) vs. 2.5 (1.8–3.4), respectively, in non‐Aboriginals. Abnormal permeability ratios (> 5.6) consistent with tropical‐environmental enteropathy syndrome were found in 36% (27/75) of Aboriginal controls compared to none of the non‐Aboriginal controls. On multiple regression, the factors associated with high L/R ratios were diarrheal severity (P < 0.001), acidosis (P = 0.007) and hypokalemia (P = 0.04).ConclusionsAn underlying tropical‐environmental enteropathy contributes to the severity of acute gastroenteritis in Aboriginal children. Diarrheal complications, such as acidosis, hypokalemia, and osmotic diarrhea are associated with high L/R ratios, reflecting greater small intestinal mucosal damage.
34
Fesl, E. "Language Death and Language Maintenance: Action Needed to Save Aboriginal Languages". Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 13, n. 5 (novembre 1985): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014061.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Language death can occur naturally, and in different ways, or it can be caused by deliberate policy. This is how deliberate practices and policies brought it about in Australia. •Diverse linguistic groups of Aborigines were forced into small missions or reserves to live together; consequently languages that were numerically stronger squeezed the others out of use.•Anxious to ‘Christianise’ the Aborigines, missionaries enforced harsh penalties on users of Aboriginal languages, even to the point of snatching babies from their mothers and institutionalising them, so they would not hear their parental languages.•Aboriginal religious ceremonies were banned; initiations did not take place, and so liturgical, ceremonial and secret languages were unable to be passed on. As old people died, their languages died with them.•Assimilationist/integrationist policies were enforced which required Aborigines to attend schools where English-only was the medium of instruction.•Finally, denigration of the Aboriginal languages set the seal on their fate in Victoria (within forty years of white settlement, all Gippsland languages had become extinct), most of New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland. Labelling the languages “rubbish”, “heathen jargon”, “primitive jibberish”, and so on, made Aboriginal people reluctant to use their normal means of communication.
35
Hall, Robert A. "War's End: How did the war affect Aborigines and Islanders?" Queensland Review 3, n. 1 (aprile 1996): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000660.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the 20 years before the Second World War the frontier war dragged to a close in remote parts of north Australia with the 1926 Daly River massacre and the 1928 Coniston massacre. There was a rapid decline in the Aboriginal population, giving rise to the idea of the ‘dying race’ which had found policy expression in the State ‘Protection’ Acts. Aboriginal and Islander labour was exploited under scandalous rates of pay and conditions in the struggling north Australian beef industry and the pearling industry. In south east Australia, Aborigines endured repressive white control on government reserves and mission stations described by some historians as being little better than prison farms. A largely ineffectual Aboriginal political movement with a myriad of organisations, none of which had a pan-Aboriginal identity, struggled to make headway against white prejudice. Finally, in 1939, John McEwen's ‘assimilation policy’ was introduced and, though doomed to failure, it at least recognised that Aborigines had a place in Australia in the long term.
36
Steenbeek, A., D. Langille, K. Wilson e A. Muir. "Ethnicity And Depression Among Maritime University Students In Canada". European Psychiatry 33, S1 (marzo 2016): S423—S424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1531.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
IntroductionDepression is among the most common mental illnesses in Canada. Although many factors contribute to depression, stress is among the most commonly reported. Studies suggest that marginalized groups often experience high levels of stress.ObjectiveTo examine associations between ethnicity and depressive symptoms among university students.AimTo identify if ethnic groups, particularly Aboriginal students, are at greater risk of depression.MethodsOnline survey data were collected from students attending eight universities in the Canadian Maritime Provinces (n = 10,180). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 12-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Ethnicity was organized into five groups: Caucasian only, Aboriginal only, Aboriginals with other ethnicities, Mixed Ethnicity (not including Aboriginal), and Other (single ethnicity not including Aboriginal or Caucasian). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess associations between ethnicity and elevated depressive symptoms. Adjusted models accounted for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioural characteristics.ResultsIn adjusted analyses for men, Mixed (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12–3.63) and Other ethnic students (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.11–1.96) were more likely to have elevated depressive symptoms than Caucasians. There were no differences between those who were Aboriginal and those who were Caucasian. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses for women, depressive symptoms in ethnic groups (including Aboriginals) were not significantly different from Caucasians.ConclusionAmong male university students in the Maritime, ethnicity (other than being Aboriginal) was associated with depressive symptoms in comparison to Caucasians, after adjusting for covariates. However, among women, ethnicity was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
37
Hunter, Ernest. "Using a Socio-Historical Frame to Analyse Aboriginal Self-Destructive Behaviour". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 24, n. 2 (giugno 1990): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679009077682.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The last two decades have seen rapid changes in many facets of Aboriginal society, including morbidity and mortality. The same period has witnessed a dramatic increase in writing about and by Aborigines and this has necessitated a re-examination of the national “history” to include the indigenous people of Australia. Medical workers in Aboriginal Australia should be alert to the historical forces determining patterns of ill-health. Psychiatry in particular must develop this perspective if it is to participate with Aborigines in addressing emergent patterns of behavioural distress including suicide, parasuicide, ludic behaviour and self-mutilation. This paper demonstrates the importance of the socio-historical frame in the examination of these behaviours from one discrete region in isolated Aboriginal Australia: the Kimberley.
38
McGregor, Russell, e Maureen Fuary. "Walter Edmund Roth: Ethnographic collector and Aboriginal Protector". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Culture 10 (dicembre 2016): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2205-3239.10.2016-04.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Walter Roth ranks among the most prolific collectors of Aboriginal artefacts from North Queensland, including the Wet Tropics, as well as being one of the leading ethnographers in turn-of-the-twentieth-century Australia. He was also one of Queensland’s first official Protectors of Aboriginals, appointed immediately after that colony introduced its now-infamous Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act, 1897. This paper explores Roth’s twin careers as ethnographic collector and Aboriginal Protector, teasing out the connections and commonalities between the two. It was for his achievements in ethnography and collecting, as well as his medical expertise, that he was appointed to the Protectorship. He carried out both his anthropological work and his administrative duties with determination and dedication. Yet his continuing activities as an ethnographer and collector contributed substantially to his downfall as a senior figure in Aboriginal administration. The paper also positions Roth in the historical context of an evolving Australian anthropology, with particular pertinence to North Queensland.
39
Goodman, Karen J., Kevan Jacobson e Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten. "Helicobacter PyloriInfection in Canadian and Related Arctic Aboriginal Populations". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, n. 3 (2008): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/258610.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 2006, the Canadian Helicobacter Study Group identified Aboriginal communities among Canadian population groups most at risk ofHelicobacter pylori-associated disease. The objective of this systematic review was to summarize what is known about theH pylori-associated disease burden in Canadian and related Arctic Aboriginal populations to identify gaps in knowledge. Six health literature databases were systematically searched to identify reports onH pyloriprevalence in Canadian population groups, or any topic related toH pyloriin Canadian Aboriginals, Alaska Natives or Aboriginals of other Arctic regions. Identified reports were organized by subtopic and summarized in narrative form. Key data from studies ofH pyloriprevalence in defined populations were summarized in tabular form. A few Arctic Aboriginal communities were represented in the literature: two Canadian Inuit; one Canadian First Nation; two Greenland Inuit; one Russian Chutkotka Native; and several Alaska Native studies. These studies uniformly showed elevatedH pyloriprevalence; a few studies also showed elevated occurrence ofH pylori-related diseases and high rates of treatment failure. Based on the evidence, it would be warranted for clinicians to relax the criteria for investigatingH pyloriand related diseases in patients from Arctic Aboriginal communities, and to pursue post-therapy confirmation of eradication. Additional community-based research is needed to develop public health policies for reducingH pylori-associated health risks in such communities.
40
Ofner-Agostini, Marianna, Andrew E. Simor, Michael Mulvey, Elizabeth Bryce, Mark Loeb, Allison McGeer, Alex Kiss e Shirley Paton. "Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Canadian Aboriginal People". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, n. 2 (marzo 2006): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/500628.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We describe 279 hospitalized Canadian aboriginals in whom methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was detected. They were identified in 38 Canadian hospitals from 1995 through 2002. Compared with nonaboriginals, aboriginals were more likely to be younger than 18 years of age (OR, 1.8;P<.0001), to have had an MRSA infection (OR, 3.8;P<.0001), and to have had MRSA isolated from specimens of skin or soft tissue (OR, 4.1;P= .016). The clinical features of MRSA infection in aboriginals are distinct from those in the general patient population with MRSA infection in Canadian hospitals, and the genetic background of MRSA isolates from aboriginals also varies from that of strains from the non-aboriginal population.
41
MacKlem, Patrick. "Aboriginal Rights and State Obligations". Alberta Law Review 36, n. 1 (1 dicembre 1997): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1020.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article investigates the nature and scope of Canada's constitutional obligations towards Aboriginal people. Specifically, the author explores the question of whether or not constitutional recognition of Aboriginal rights imposes a positive constitutional obligation on governments in Canada to provide economic or social benefits to Aboriginal people. He examines approaches which would either confirm or deny the existence of such an obligation and argues for a middle ground between these extremes which would require governments to provide some benefits in certain circumstances. Whether or not a particular social or economic benefit is required by s. 35(1) of the Canadian Constitution would depend on whether or not it is integral to the protection of one of the purposes or interests served by constitutional recognition and affirmation of Aboriginal rights in general. These purposes or interests include respect for Aboriginal identity, territory, and sovereignty. In addition, domestic fiduciary obligations and international human rights documents support the view that federal, provincial, and territorial governments ought to provide certain social and economic benefits to Aboriginals.
42
Darvall, Ken. "Aboriginal Education in the 1990s". Aboriginal Child at School 18, n. 1 (marzo 1990): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600248.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
1988, the year of the Bicentenary, was considered by some as the start of a new era for Aborigines. However, despite excellent media exposure on Aboriginal issues, the bicentennial year concluded with just memories of various celebrations.We enter the 1990s at a time of increasing change throughout the world. I believe that it is necessary for everyone involved in Aboriginal education to focus on some important issues that encompass this delicate area.
43
Oppenheimer, Robert J. "Employment Patterns 2009–2010 In Canada: A Dark Cloud for Aboriginals with a Silver Lining". Journal of Aboriginal Economic Development 7, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2011): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jaed295.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Canadian economy grew in 2010, compared with 2009 and employment rates increased marginally. However, the picture is different for Canadian Aboriginal peoples living off reserve, as they experienced a decline. Data is unavailable for those living on reserves. The decline in employment levels was the case for both men and women in all age categories, except for women from 15 to 24. There was also a decline in Aboriginal employment rates in seven of the ten provinces. In contrast the three territories experienced an increase. In 2010 Aboriginals had a lower employment rate than non-Aboriginals in all ten provinces and the three territories and in every age group, except for women over 55. However, a meaningfully different picture appears when employment rates are examined by educational level. The higher the educational level the higher the employment level. This applies to both Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals. Further, there is only a minimal difference in employment levels between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, when examined by their educational level. One conclusion is that education appears to be a path for greater employment.
44
Wentworth, Paul. "Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend LTD". Federal Law Review 16, n. 4 (dicembre 1986): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x8601600404.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aboriginals - Land Rights - Administrative Law - Inquiry by Aboriginal Land Commissioner - Party not disclosing information to inquiry - Ex parte representations to Minister by party detrimentally affected - Failure to take into account relevant considerations - Obligation of Minister to have regard to exparte representation - Constructive knowledge of Minister of matters within his departmenrs knowledge - Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (C'th) ss 11, 50 Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 (C'th) s 5(2)(b).
45
Gebert, Philip T. "The Inequitable Political Pillars of Canada’s Founding Nations". Federalism-E 21, n. 2 (1 maggio 2020): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/fede.v21i2.13989.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In conceptualising the Canadian federation and the driving force behind the state’s development, Peter H. Russel frames it as the conciliation of interests in the relationship between the three founding nations – Aboriginals, Anglophones, and Francophones. As the recent nation-wide demonstrations against the Coastal Link pipeline trespassing on Wet’suwet’en land has demonstrated, they are far from equal partners. The incident is indicative of a broader trend of the non-Aboriginal nations creating an environment that obstructs and disincentives Aboriginal participation in the daily functioning of Canadian society, politics being no exception. This exclusion is much to the detriment to the strength of Canadian society. Accordingly, this paper examines Aboriginal absenteeism from Canadian politics as to identify the obstacles to their meaningful political participation with the wider aim of aiding the redefining of the relationship between the founding nations that recognises the Aboriginal nation as an equal partner.
46
Lee, Angela Hao-Chun. "The influence of governmental control and early Christian missionaries on music education of Aborigines in Taiwan". British Journal of Music Education 23, n. 2 (29 giugno 2006): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051706006930.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
There has been little research conducted on Taiwanese Aboriginal music education in comparison to Aboriginal education. C. Hsu's Taiwanese Music History (1996) presents information on Aboriginal music including instruments, dance, ritual music, songs and singing, but information on music education practices is lacking. The examination of historical documentation shows that music education was used by both the Japanese government and Christian missionaries to advance their political and religious agendas. This paper will examine the development of the music education of Aborigines in Taiwan from the mid nineteenth century, when Christian missionaries first came to Taiwan, until the end of the Japanese protectorate (1945). I shall discuss how the missionaries from Britain and Canada successfully introduced Western religious music to Aboriginal communities by promoting various activities such as hymn singing and religious services. The paper will then look at the influence of government policy on Aboriginal music education during the colonial periods. These policies affected both the music taught in elementary schools and the teaching materials.
47
Hunter, Ernest M. "On Gordian Knots and Nooses: Aboriginal Suicide in the Kimberley". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 22, n. 3 (settembre 1988): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048678809161207.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Aboriginal suicide has become an issue receiving national attention because of the association with “deaths in custody”. To date little systematic work has been directed to the investigation of suicide among a non-incarcerated Aboriginal population. This paper focuses on deaths by suicide within one geographical area. It identifies two factors, alcoholism and disruption of interpersonal attachments, which may play a causal role in male Aboriginal suicide. The sudden emergence of suicide in this partial descent population, in concert with suicides among incarcerated and non-incarcerated Aborigines elsewhere, suggests that socio-historical forces must be examined to further clarify the phenomenon.
48
Lester, David. "Suicide Rates in Canadian Aboriginals and Size of Population". Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, n. 3_suppl (dicembre 1995): 1282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3f.1282.
Testo completo
49
Marrie, Thomas J., Keumhee C. Carriere, Yan Jin e David H. Johnson. "Hospitalization for Community Acquired Pneumonia in Alberta First Nations Aboriginals Compared with Non-First Nations Albertans". Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, n. 5 (2004): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/625848.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BACKGROUND:The rates and outcomes of hospital admission for community-acquired pneumonia between First Nations Aboriginal and non-First Nations groups were compared.METHODS:Alberta administrative hospital abstracts from April 1, 1997, to March 31, 1999, were analyzed, and each case of a First Nations Aboriginal person with pneumonia was matched by age and sex with three non-First Nations persons with pneumonia.RESULTS:The First Nations Aboriginal age and sex-adjusted hospital discharge rate was 22 per 1000 (95% CI 20.7 to 23.6) compared with 4.4 per 1000 (95% CI 4.4 to 4.5) for the general population of Alberta. After accounting for comorbidity and severity of pneumonia, in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay were lower for First Nations Aboriginals compared with the matched non-First Nations group (odds ratio 0.49; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.66, and odds ratio 0.87; 95% CI 0.79 to 0.97, respectively). The odds for 30-day hospital readmission were higher in First Nations Aboriginals compared with the non-First Nations group (odds ratio 1.42; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.68). The cost per hospital admission for First Nations Aboriginals was 94% of the average cost for the matched non-First Nations group (CDN$4,206). However, their median daily cost was 1.25 times higher (95% CI 1.14 to 1.36) than the matched non-First Nations group.CONCLUSIONS:First Nations Aboriginals had higher rates of hospitalization, rehospitalization and hospital costs for community-acquired pneumonia than non-First Nations Albertans. It was unlikely that the high rate of hospitalizations in First Nations Aboriginals was due to more severe pneumonia or greater comorbidity. Other unexplained factors increase the burden of this disease in First Nation Aboriginals.
50
Jenkings, P. "Education -- Initiation!" Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 13, n. 5 (novembre 1985): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Education as a form of initiation has severely affected Aboriginal children as they endeavour to live in ‘two worlds’.Education involves the initiation of a child into society. At an early age a child attends school where he or she learns attitudes, values and beliefs that are seen as desirable.Australia’s early white settlers saw that the Aborigines had no buildings and no formal institutions, this led them to draw a distorted view of Aboriginal education. Coming from the European situation where classrooms, boarding schools, and university buildings represented learning, they concluded that Aborigines were completely without any system of education.