Articoli di riviste sul tema "940/.01"

Purpose. To investigate common youth group activities and how they relate to young people's attitudes of empowerment around tobacco control. Design. A mailed survey was administered to 940 Minnesota youth involved in locally organized tobacco prevention groups. By multivariate linear regression, participation in eight tobacco-related activities and selected personal characteristics were examined in relation to youths' perceived influence on youth smoking. Results. Two activities–developing materials with antismoking messages and taking action to change school smoking policies—were associated with significantly higher perceived influence scores for the youth involved (p < .05). Youth in groups who had worked to raise awareness of how the tobacco industry targets teens also had significantly higher influence scores (p < .001). Associated personal factors included high involvement in extracurricular activities (p < .001), having never experimented with smoking (p < .01), leadership experience (p < .001), and being white (p < .01). Discussion. Some youth group activities and strategies may be particularly effective at instilling attitudes of empowerment for tobacco control among youth.

Karakteristik tanah yang homogen atau bahkan sebaliknya sangat berbeda bahkan pada jarak yang dekat menjadi salah satu alasan pentingnya dilakukan investigasi geoteknik dalam sebuah perencanaan infrastruktur. Investigasi geoteknik penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah untuk keperluan desain fondasi bangunan untuk mencegah terjadinya kegagalan atau penurunan berlebih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik geoteknik rencana lokasi pembangunan dermaga peti kemas di Kota Raha. Deep boring dan uji SPT dilakukan sebanyak 2 titik, BH-02 pada area dermaga serta BH-01 pada area jalan akses menuju dermaga (trestle dan causeway). Selain itu, dari dua titik pengeboran dilakukan pengambilan sampel untuk diuji di laboratorium. Hasil uji laboratorium diperoleh berdasarkan klasifikasi USC seluruh sampel diklasifikasikan menjadi tanah pasir berlanau (SM) dengan plastisitas rendah. Hasil boring menunjukkan lapisan tanah keras pada BH-01 dan BH-02 secara berturut-turut berada pada kedalaman 12,5 m dan 16,5 m. Daya dukung izin (Qa) tiang pancang bulat diameter 45 cm pada kedalaman 9 m, 10 m dan 11 m dengan faktor aman 4 secara berturut-turut adalah 892 kN, 919 kN dan 946 kN untuk BH-01 serta 913 kN, 940 kN dan 968 kN untuk BH-02. Daya dukung izin (Qa) tiang pancang bulat diameter 50 cm pada kedalaman 9 m, 10 m dan 11 m dengan faktor aman 4 secara berturut-turut adalah 1057 kN, 1084 kN dan 1112 kN untuk BH-01 serta 1079 kN, 1106 kN dan 1133 kN untuk BH-02.

Introducción. La Pandemia COVID-19 ha generado repercusiones en la educación superior. Por ello, se tuvo como objetivo determinar si el uso de medios académicos virtuales, repercusiones académicas y adaptabilidad predicen la satisfacción con los estudios en universitarios. Método. Estudio explicativo y transversal, donde participaron voluntariamente 725 universitarios de ambos sexos, de entre 16 a 44 años de edad, residentes en la costa, sierra y selva peruana, adscritos a ciencias empresariales, humanidades, salud, ingenierias y teologia. Los datos se recolectaron a través de una escala de satisfacción con los estudios, escala de uso de medios académicos virtuales, escala de repercusiones académicas y otra de adaptabilidad a la vida universitaria. Para el análisis estadístico se estimó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) aplicando el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). Resultados. Según el AFC, las repercusiones academicas (β = .22; p < .01) y la adaptabilidad (β = .59; p < .01) tienen un efecto significativo sobre la satisfacción con los estudios; en cambio, el uso de medios academicos virtuales tiene un efecto positivo (β = 0.07; p>0.05) pero pequeño y no significativo. El modelo global ajustó con indicadores de bondad de ajuste aceptables (χ2= 908.45, con 241 gl, y un p valor < .001, CFI = .955; IFI= .955; NFI=.940; GFI= .906; TLI=.948; RMSEA=.062). Discusión y conclusiones. La satisfacción con los estudios en tiempos de educación virtual, está condicionada por la calidad del uso de medios académicos virtuales, percepción de posibles repercusiones académicas y el nivel de adaptación alcanzado para las clases virtuales.

Twenty-eight Suffolk-cross male castrated lambs aged 7 to 8 months, initial live weight 36 (s.e. 149) kg were given four diets which contained unground pelleted molassed sugar-beet pulp and rolled barley (940 g/kg, fresh weight basis) in the following proportions either A, 0·8 to 0·2 or B, 0·5 to 0·5, with 60 g soya-bean meal per kg. Diets A and B were offered with or without a yeast culture product Yea-Sacc. Diets zvere offered twice daily to appetite with 100 g hay per head. Yeast culture had no effect on any measurement made (P > 0·05). Lambs given diet B consumed more dry matter (DM), grew faster and had superior food conversion efficiencies (all P < 0·01). Rumen fluid taken 3 h after feeding contained higher concentrations of ammonia (F < 0·01), total volatile fatty acids (F < 0·001) and acetic acid (F < 0·001) in samples from lambs given diet A. Rumen fluid samples collected before the 10·00 h meal, produced more gas from diet A than diet B after 6 and 24 h in vitro incubation (F < 0·001) suggesting the presence of more undigested food. When ground diets were incubated, more gas was produced from diet A after 6h (F < 0·05) but not after 24 h fP > 0·05). It is suggested that diet B supported faster growth of the lambs as a result of faster rate of digestion, higher DM intake and superior food conversion.

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in children. Characterized by high levels of Native American ancestry, Hispanics are disproportionally affected by this cancer with high incidence and inferior survival. However, the genetic basis for this disparity remains poorly understood because of a paucity of genome-wide investigation of ALL in Hispanics. Performing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 940 Hispanic children with ALL and 681 ancestry-matched non-ALL controls, we identified a novel susceptibility locus in the ERG gene (rs2836365; P = 3.76 × 10−8; odds ratio [OR] = 1.56), with independent validation (P = .01; OR = 1.43). Imputation analyses pointed to a single causal variant driving the association signal at this locus overlapping with putative regulatory DNA elements. The effect size of the ERG risk variant rose with increasing Native American genetic ancestry. The ERG risk genotype was underrepresented in ALL with the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion (P &lt; .0005) but enriched in the TCF3-PBX1 subtype (P &lt; .05). Interestingly, ALL cases with germline ERG risk alleles were significantly less likely to have somatic ERG deletion (P &lt; .05). Our results provide novel insights into genetic predisposition to ALL and its contribution to racial disparity in this cancer.

Considering the current context of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people should equally comply with both vaccines and non-therapeutic health protective behaviors. This study investigated public adherence to vaccination, behavioral changes against COVID-19, and their determinants in Bangladesh during the pandemic. The study was conducted during March and April 2022 among 940 Bangladeshi adults selected by multi-stage sampling, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using questionnaires. Significant determinants and their relationships were described through hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Nearly half of the subjects (48.2%) showed poor vaccine adherence and COVID-19 prevention practices. During the pandemic crisis, the majority of the respondents (86.7%) used face masks, but only 12.7% of the respondents used them regularly. Less than half (44.9%) received COVID-19 vaccines regularly. Along with some sociodemographic factors, knowledge (p < .001), attitude (p < .01), and intention (p < .001) regarding COVID-19 prevention were significant in predicting vaccine adherence and healthy practices in a hierarchical regression. Self-control was highly significant in SEM, showing the highest effect (p < .001). Policies based on the TPB model could be adopted to improve preventive behaviors against COVID-19.

Introduction: The use of mini-implants has become common in orthodontic practice as it has increased the possibility of skeletal anchorage. The palate constitutes a site of choice for the insertion of miniscrews purposes because it is a site with relatively safety with appropriate bone thickness and less suitability for inflammation. Aim: To quantitatively evaluate the thickness of the palatal bone for miniscrews insertion. Material and Methods: Forty-seven sets of cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images were selected. The sample consisted of cone beam computed tomography from 47 patients (20 male, 27 female; mean age 22.4 years old/± 3.01 years). Palatal bone thickness (PBT) was measured in millimeters (mm) with 5 regions of interest (ROIs) which were determined used the coronal reconstructions of the patatal area: 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm posterior to the incisive foramen were evaluated. A total of 940 ROIs were evaluated. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed for PBT between various palatal sections (p<.01). The thickest area (6.31-7.03 mm) was found in the anterior part of the palate. The mean bone thicknesses in the 6, 8 and 10 mm sections were significantly less than those observed at 4 mm from the incisive foramen. Conclusions: The thickness of the palatal bone is progressively thinner from the palatine foramen to the posterior region. Transversally, the bone was thicker in the palatine suture than in paramedian areas, mainly in the coronal reconstructions located more laterally.

Abstract Objectives The main purpose of the study was to examine a bidirectional temporal relationship between perceived age discrimination and depressive symptoms. A secondary goal was to examine whether the negative effects of perceived age discrimination on one’s depressive symptoms are stronger among respondents older than 70 years old, compared with respondents between the ages of 51 and 70. Methods The Health and Retirement Study is a U.S. nationally representative sample of individuals over the age of 50 and their spouse of any age. A cross-lagged model was estimated to examine the reciprocal associations of depressive symptoms and perceived age discrimination, controlling for age, gender, education, ethnicity, marital status, employment status, satisfaction with financial status, number of medical conditions, mobility, strength and fine motor skills, and memory functioning. Results The baseline model for the overall sample resulted in adequate fit indices: CFI = .945, TLI = .940, RMSEA = .024 (90% CI = .023, .025). The cross-lagged effect of perceived age discrimination on depressive symptoms was nonsignificant (B [SE] = −.01 [.04], p = .82), whereas the cross-lagged effect of depressive symptoms on perceived age discrimination was small, but significant (B [SE] = .04 [.02], p = .03). This implies that higher levels of depressive symptoms precede a greater likelihood of perceived age discrimination, net of sociodemographic and clinical variables. The cross-lagged effects did not vary according to age group (51–70 vs >70 years old). Discussion The subjective nature of perceived age discrimination is discussed.

Background: Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are methods used in the prevention of pregnancy that are long lasting. They are effective and efficacious methods of contraception and return to fertility after removal is prompt. Objectives was to determine the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception and assess the characteristics of acceptors of these methods in the area.Methods: This was a retrospective study of clients’ who visited the family planning unit of the University of Abuja teaching hospital over a 5-year period, from 01 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. Information on socio-demographic characteristics and specific methods selected were extracted from their records and represented on simple tables, graphs, and charts.Results: A total of one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one (1,891) clients accepted available methods of contraceptives during the five-year study period. One thousand seven hundred and twenty-four (1,724) accepted LARC (91.1%) while only one hundred and sixty-seven (167) accepted non-LARC (8.9%). Majority 946 (54.9%) of the clients that accepted LARC were aged between 30-39 years and clients less than 20 years were 22 (1.3%). Clients with parity 3 and above were 1162 (67.7%), and majority of LARC acceptors wanted more children 1145 (66.4%). Amongst the LARC acceptors, most of the clients opted for subdermal implant either Jadelle or Implanon 940(49.7%). Three hundred and ninety-eight (23.1%) discontinued a form of LARC during the study period while 1127 (65.4%) continued with one form of LARC or another.Conclusions: The uptake of LARC in this region is very high. Teenagers and low parity rarely attended the family planning clinic.

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has a reported host range of 750 to 1,200 species (2,3) that includes weeds, wild plants, crops, and ornamentals. Two new CMV hosts were recently identified in Florida. In July 2011, leaves of Odontonema cuspidatum (firespike), a member of the Acanthaceae, with virus-like symptoms were sent to FDACS-DPI. Firespike is an ornamental shrub native to Mexico with evergreen ovate leaves tapering to a pointed tip. Leaf symptoms included severe leaf distortion with some subtle yellowing or mosaic on younger leaves. Pink-red crystals were seen in leaf strips stained with the nucleic acid stain Azure A, indicating a viral infection. In January 2012, leaves of Psychotria punctata (dotted wild coffee), a member of the Rubiaceae, with virus-like symptoms were sent to FDACS-DPI. Dotted wild coffee is a small exotic tropical tree found in south Florida with many tiny leaf nodules inhabited by endosymbiotic bacteria. In addition to the nodules, these leaves had many large dark green ringspots surrounded with a yellow halo. Both samples were positive for CMV when tested with ImmunoStrips and/or by conventional ELISA using CMV antiserum (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). To confirm CMV infection, reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR on total RNA from a leaf sample of each plant species was used with previously published cucumovirus primers (1). An expected ~940 bp product was amplified from each sample and cloned into pGEM-T (Promega, Madison, WI). Ten clones from each plant species were sequenced in both directions. After removal of primer sequences, the 906 bp products were 96.3% identical with each other and showed 96.8 to 98.9% nucleotide identity with CMV sequences from Hungary, the United States, and Austria (GenBank Accession Nos. AF517802, U20668, and HQ916354, respectively). Identification of CMV infection in these two species expands the known host range and therefore the reservoir of this plant virus. This has implications for the ornamental industry in general and Florida farmers in particular. References: (1) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:67, 1999. (2) E. J. Sikora. Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Pant Disease Notes, Alabama Cooperative Extensions System, retrieved online at http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0868/ANR-0868.pdf , 2004. (3) T. A. Zitter and J. F. Murphy. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2009-0518-01, 2009.

2066 Background: eConsent was developed to digitize the research participant consenting experience with an educational engagement model. The eConsent platform tiers consent document content in an easy-to-navigate format, using videos, images, and access to supplementary information. We hypothesize that enhancing the consenting experience improves participant engagement and comprehension. Methods: Here we present two projects: 1) qualitative assessment of patient engagement in the eConsent process using a standardized 5-question survey sent to all patients who used it during 9 months in 2019, and 2) a report of our preliminary findings from exempt protocol, Assessing Participant Engagement and Protocol Education in the Consent Process (X19-055) that quantitatively compares paper and electronic consenting and a) assesses patient agency and b) tests comprehension of key consent elements in 2 protocols: Storage and Research Use of Human Biospecimens (06-107) and Genomic Profiling in Cancer Patients (12-245). Results: 1) 940 patients completed the qualitative experience survey (27% response). Most respondents (777; 83%) indicated that electronic consenting was very easy (371) or easy (406) to use. Only 25 (3%) said electronic consenting was somewhat difficult to use, 3 indicated it was difficult (0.3%), and 64 were neutral. Most (896; 95%) recommended electronic consenting to other MSK patients. Those who reported a 1 unit increase in technology discomfort, only reported a .48 unit increase in eConsent discomfort ( P< .001). 2)Quantitative 10-question electronic tests were sent to each patient’s portal account within 72h after consenting via paper or eConsent to protocols 06-107 and 12-245. To date, for 06-107: 18 paper consenters completed the test with a score of 76% vs 23 eConsent users who scored 80%. For 12-245: 43 paper consenters scored 69% vs 13 eConsent users scoring 80%. Scores are a surrogate marker for patient comprehension and show that 12-245 protocol participants’ average testing scores are higher when participants are consented with eConsent vs paper (P < .01). 06-107 protocol participants’ average test scores are trending toward eConsent improving patient understanding ( P= .11). We will follow this trend as our sample size increases to a total of 500 participants. Patient agency questions received favorable responses from most patients (100%-84%). Conclusions: eConsent enhances participant engagement and understanding and does not impose a digital burden on participants.

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2023;120:940–944 Early pregnancy loss, or miscarriage, is a relatively common occurrence. Of these losses, 80% occur in the first 12 weeks of gestation and 50% of them are diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities.

Background:Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), involved in vasculogenesis and endothelial tissue repair, have been described as relevant players in vascular and connective tissue diseases [1-2]. In this regard, a previous study of our group disclosed that the degree of EPC frequency may help to identify the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients [3]. Given that ILD is the main cause of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) [1, 4-6], the understanding of the role of EPC in the mechanism of SSc-ILD+ vasculopathy is crucial.Objectives:To assess the potential role of EPC on vascular dysfunction associated with the presence of ILD in patients with SSc.Methods:Peripheral venous blood was collected from a total of 39 patients with SSc, 20 with ILD (SSc-ILD+) and 19 without ILD (SSc-ILD-). All subjects were recruited from the Rheumatology and Pneumology departments of Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain. Quantification of EPC was analyzed by flow cytometry. EPC were considered as CD34+, CD45Low, CD309+ and CD133+.Results:Statistically significant differences in EPC frequency between patients with SSc-ILD+ and patients with SSc-ILD- were disclosed. Specifically, an increase of EPC frequency was observed in SSc-ILD+ patients when compared to patients with SSc-ILD- (mean ± standard deviation: 0.033 ± 0.012 versus 0.021 ± 0.017, respectively, p=0.012).Conclusion:Our results suggest a potential role of EPC on vascular damage associated with the manifestation of ILD in patients with SSc.References:[1]Eur J Rheumatol 2020;7(Suppl 3):S139-S146.[2]Arthritis Rheum 2009;60(11):3168-79.[3]J Clin Med 2020;9(12):4098.[4]Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(7):940-4.[5]Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49(12):2375-80.[6]Eur Respir Rev 2015;24(135):102-14.Acknowledgements:Personal funds, VP-C: PREVAL18/01 (IDIVAL); SR-M: RD16/0012/0009 (ISCIII-ERDF); LL-G: INNVAL20/06 (IDIVAL); RP-F: START PROJECT (FOREUM); RL-M: Miguel Servet type I CP16/00033 (ISCIII-ESF).Disclosure of Interests:Verónica Pulito-Cueto: None declared, Sara Remuzgo Martinez: None declared, Fernanda Genre: None declared, Belén Atienza-Mateo: None declared, Victor Manuel Mora-Cuesta: None declared, David Iturbe-Fernández: None declared, Leticia Lera-Gómez: None declared, Raquel Pérez-Fernández: None declared, Diana Prieto-Peña: None declared, Virginia Portilla: None declared, Ricardo Blanco Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Consultant of: Abbvie, Pfizer, Roche, Bristol-Myers, Janssen and MSD, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, MSD and Roche, Alfonso Corrales: None declared, Jose Manuel Cifrián-Martínez: None declared, Raquel López-Mejías: None declared, Miguel A González-Gay Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Abbvie, MSD

Abstract BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is known for its high local failure rate, as well as its migration, leading to these possible locations of disease progression: 1. Local-only; lesion of progression is connected to the initial tumour location 2. Non-local; lesion of progression is not connected to the initial tumour location 3. Combined; both local-only and non-local progression lesions are present An upfront prediction of progression location could potentially be used to select patients for differential treatment strategies. The aim of this retrospective national study was therefore to predict location of first progression using clinical variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS All adults with newly diagnosed GBM between 2014-2019 who started long-course (chemo)radiotherapy were included, if they had a radiotherapy-planning MRI made. The MRI of first progression was identified by retrospective review following RANO-criteria, and used to assess the location of contrast-enhancing progression. Median time to progression (TTP) and survival beyond progression were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method (log rank test for comparison). To predict location of progression in subgroups of patients, we used a multivariable multinomial model (age, biological sex, performance status, tumour location & focality & laterality, MGMT-methylation status, and extent of surgery). RESULTS We included 940 patients (MGMT methylated n=376, unmethylated n=483, not reported n=81), of whom 760 had radiographic progression. Of those, progression location was local-only in 69%, non-local in 16%, and combined in 15%. Median (95% CI) TTP in months was shortest in the combined group (8.4, 7.3-9.4), followed by the local-only (9.2, 8.5-9.8) and non-local (13.9, 12.3-15.6) (p-value &lt;.001). Survival beyond progression in months was shortest in the combined group (5.0, 3.8-6.2), followed by the non-local (6.0, 4.4-7.6) and local-only (9.0, 8.3-9.7) (p-value &lt;.001). When comparing patients with MGMT-methylated and unmethylated tumours, the probability (95%CI) of local-only progression was .67 (.62-.73) vs. .73 (.69-.78), non-local was .21 (.17-.26) vs. .11 (.08-.14), and combined was .12 (.08-.15) vs. .16 (.12-.19). In the multivariable model, the probability (95%CI) of local-only progression varied from .49 (.29-.69) to .86 (.74-.97), of non-local from .04 (.00-.09) to .34 (.15-.53), and of combined from .05 (.01-.10) to .34 (.07-.60) between respective subgroups. CONCLUSION Location of progression was associated with time to progression and survival beyond progression. In our study population it was feasible to identify subgroups of patients with a high chance of local-only progression, who may potentially benefit most from radiation dose-escalation. Both patients with MGMT-methylated and unmethylated tumours had the highest chance for first progression located at the initial tumour site only.

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of expander processing of food for growing and finishing pigs. Experiment 1 examined the effects of expander processing on the nutritive value of a cereal-based diet and a pea-based diet for pigs while experiment 2 determined the effects of extrusion and expansion of the peas component of the diet on the nutritive value. In experiment 1, growth performance, carcass characteristics (no. = 12) and nutrient digestibility (no. = 4) were determined in pigs offered individually food containing a cereal diet (T1), a complete cereal diet that had been expander processed (T2), a 400 g/kg peas diet (T3) or a complete 400 g/kg peas diet that had been expander processed (T4). The expanded diets were processed at 105°C for 5 s at 35 bar pressure. In experiment 2, productive performance and nutrient digestibility were determined in pigs (no. = 12) offered individually diets including a control cereal diet (no peas) (TT1), a 400 g/kg raw peas diet (TT2), a 400 g/kg expander processed peas diet (TT3) or a 400 g/kg extruded peas diet (TT4). The pea portions of the diets were extruded at 130°C for 30 s and expanded at 130°C for 10 s at 42 bar pressure. In experiment 1, the inclusion of peas in the diet reduced (P < 0·001) the digestibility of the organic matter (OM) (0·871 v. 0·893, s.e. 0·003), protein (0·867 v. 0·907, s.e. 0·004) and energy (0·857 v. 0·880, s.e. 0·003). Expansion had no effect on the nutrient digestibility of the diets, however, it did increase (P < 0·05) the digestible energy content of the cereal diet. The inclusion of peas in the diet reduced (P < 0·05) daily gain (0·929 v. 0·999, s.e. 0·024 kg/day) and increased (P < 0·001) food conversion ratio (FCR) (2·31 v. 2·16, s.e. 0·029) from 34 kg to slaughter. Expansion had no effect on daily gain or FCR. In experiment 2, OM digestibilities of 0·891, 0·872, 0·882 and 0·885 (s.e. 0·0042) (P < 0·01), protein digestibilities of 0·905, 0·879, 0·874 and 0·877 (s.e. 0·0069) (P < 0·001) and gross energy digestibilities of 0·875, 0·861, 0·870 and 0·875 (s.e. 0·005) (P < 0·05) were recorded for TT1 to TT4 respectively. Gains (kg/day) of 0·981, 0·927, 0·940, and 1·016 (s.e. 0·036) (P < 0·05) and FCR of 2·17, 2·32, 2·28 and 2·18 (s.e. 0·037) (P < 0·05) were recorded for TT1 to TT4 respectively. In conclusion, expansion had no effect on the nutritive value of food for pigs.

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive cancer type with poor prognosis. Current immunotherapies like immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) have very modest therapeutic effect in GC patients, reflecting urgent need for exploring new immunotherapeutic targets.MethodsIHC and mRNA analysis of 384 patients from Drum Tower Hospital Cohort and 1192 patients from other databases were performed to investigate Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) expression and local immune status. The MFC-challenged subcutaneous and abdominal dissemination GC models were established, and the impact of DKK1 blockade on gastric tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and anti-tumor responses was explored by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. In vivo immune cell-depletion GC models were constructed to further assess the function of DKK1 on different immune cell types. RAW264.7 and mouse bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were employed to analyze DKK1 modulation on macrophages in vitro by Cytometric Bead Array, flow cytometry and western bolt.ResultsIn present study, we found high DKK1 expression is associated with poor overall survival and worse immune status in GC patients. DKK1 blockade could improve gastric TIME, including increased accumulation and activation of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and trigger an effective anti-tumor response both in subcutaneous and abdominal dissemination GC models. DKK1 directly induces macrophages towards an immunosuppressive phenotype, while the TIME improvement and tumor reduction depend on the reversion of immunosuppressive macrophages mediated by DKK1 blockade. Furthermore, combined inhibition of PD-1 and DKK1 could achieve superior anti-tumor effect on GC models.ConclusionsThus, our work identifies a new role of DKK1 to induce immunosuppressive TIME through macrophage modulation, and reveals DKK1 to be a novel and promising immunotherapeutic target for GC.Ethics ApprovalThe collection and analysis of tumor tissue sections were approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital (2021-324-01). All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Drum Tower Hospital (approval number: 2020AE01064).

The Oregon Department of Agriculture's official virus testing program for Vaccinium has grown 915% since its inception. To address this increased workload, we evaluated a high-throughput ELISA protocol that uses a 96-well format for sap extraction. To verify the efficacy of the protocol, it was used to test leaves from known infected and healthy plants (positive and negative controls) and from 940 Vaccinium plants grown in a nursery with Blueberry shock virus (BlShV) problems. Each leaf collected was cut in half; one-half was macerated in an extraction buffer using mesh sample bags and a roller press (standard protocol) and the other half was placed into 10 × 96 collection microtubes and macerated in the extraction buffer using a Mixer Mill MM300 (high-throughput protocol). All sample sap extractions were then tested with a commercial ELISA kit. In experiments with the BlShV positive and negative control plants, the high-throughput protocol had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%), matching the standard protocol. In experiments with the blueberry plants of unknown BlShV infection status, the high-throughput protocol had a sensitivity of 94.85% and a specificity of 96.70%, compared to the standard protocol. It is concluded the high-throughput protocol can be used successfully with ELISA to detect BlShV in Accepted for publication 17 May 2009. Published 10 July 2009. Accepted for publication 17 May 2009. Published 10 July 2009.

Abstract Background Serum Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) has been proposed as a potential prognostic factor for Non Hodgkin Lymphomas, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, its prognostic value in DLBCL is not well known in rituximab era. We aimed to investigate its role as a prognostic factor in patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) Method Between January 2004 and April 2014, 940 patients with DLBCL, newly diagnosed and treated with R-CHOP, were identified in a single center lymphoma registry. Baseline serum B2M was available in 834 of these patients. Progression-free survival (PFS) and Overall survival (OS) was compared according to the levels of B2M using log-rank test. Result Median B2M value was 2.1 (range, 0.67-29.6 mg/L) and baseline value was elevated (> 2.5 mg/L) in 269 patients (32%). Elevated serum B2M was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors, as summarizedin table 1. In univariate analysis, elevated B2MG was significantly associated with poor PFS (hazard ratio [HR]=3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4-3.9; P <0.001) and OS (HR=3.5, 95% CI: 2.6-4.6; P <0.001). Each elements of IPI, high intermediate or high risk group of IPI, accompanying B symptoms, and bone marrow (BM) involvement were associated with shorter PFS and OS, also. We performed multivariate analyses to establish the prognostic role of B2M with confounding variables inlucidng sex, existence of B symptoms, Han's classification, BM involvement, bulky disease, risk groups according to IPI, revised IPI and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI using three different models to avoid multicollinearity problem, each including IPI, revised IPI and NCCN-IPI. With adjustment for IPI, elevated B2M was demonstrated as a significant prognostic factor for PFS (HR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.6; p<0.001) and OS (HR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0; p<0.001). After adjustment for revised IPI and NCCN-IPI with above confounding factors, elevated B2M still maintained statistical significance in PFS and OS, respectively (Table 2). The relevance of prognostic value of serum B2M in different risk groups by IPI was shown in subgroup analysis. Serum B2M was significantly associated with PFS and OS in both lower-risk group (IPI, 0-2) and higher-risk group (IPI, 3-5) (Figure 1) Conclusion In conclusion, elevated serum B2M seems to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with DLBCL who were treated with R-CHOP, which warrants further validation. Table 1. Relationship between B2M and baseline patient characteristics Characteristics B2MG¡Â2.5 mg/L, N (%) B2MG>2.5 mg/L, N (%) P value Age. Years <60 ¡Ã60 363 (44)202 (24) 100 (12)169 (20) <0.001 Sex Male Female 303 (36)262 (31) 174 (21)95 (11) 0.003 ECOG 0 – 1 2 – 4 545 (65)20 (2) 216 (26)53 (6) <0.001 Serum LDH Normal Elevated 367 (44)198 (24) 64 (8)205 (25) <0.001 Ann Arbor stage I - II III – IV 339 (41)225 (27) 53 (6)216 (26) <0.001 Number of extranodal sites0-1¡Ã2 417 (50)148 (18) 113 (13)156 (19) <0.001 B symptoms Yes No 76 (9)109 (13) 489 (59)160 (19) <0.001 Han's classification Germinal center B cell-likeActivated B cell-like 165 (20)302 (36) 62 (7)162 (19) 0.045 BM involvementNoYes 512 (61)51 (6) 192 (23)77 (9) <0.001 Bulky diseaseNoYes (> 10 cm) 530 (64)35 (4) 241 (29)28 (3) 0.031 IPILow/low-intermediate (0-1)/(2)High-intermediate/high (3)/(4-5) 445 (53)120 (14) 88 (11)181 (22) <0.001 Revised IPI Very good (0) Good (1-2) Poor (3-5) 188 (23)257 (31)120 (14) 6 (1)82 (10)181 (22) <0.001 NCCN-IPILow (0-1)Low-intermediate (2-3)High-intermediate (4-5)High (¡Ã6) 144 (17)286 (34)104 (12)31 (4) 6 (1)65 (8)122 (15)76 (9) <0.001 Table 2. Multivatiate analysis for the association with serum B2M with PFS and OS Variables PFSHR (95% CI ) P value OSHR (95% CI) P value B2MG (>2.5 mg/dL) 1.9 (1.3-2.6) <0.001 2.1 (1.4-3.0) <0.001 IPI0-23-5 1.03.0 (2.1-4.1) <0.001 1.03.4 (2.3-5.0) <0.001 B2MG (>2.5 mg/dL) 1.7 (1.2-2.3) 0.002 1.9 (1.3-2.8) <0.001 Revised IPI 01-24-5 1.03.1 (1.6-6.0)7.5 (3.8-14.8) 0.001<0.001 1.02.5 (1.2-5.4)7.1 (3.3-15.4) 0.019<0.001 B2MG (>2.5 mg/dL) 1.6 (1.2-2.3) 0.003 1.8 (1.3-2.7) 0.002 NCCN-IPI0-12-34-5¡Ã6 1.01.9 (1.0-3.7)3.3 (1.7-6.5)8.7 (4.4-17.9) 0.048<0.001<0.001 1.02.6 (1.1-6.1)5.0 (2.1-12.0)12.3 (5.0-30.4) 0.032<0.001<0.001 Figure 1. Impact B2M in lower-risk and higher-risk group of patients with DLBCL by IPI Figure 1. Impact B2M in lower-risk and higher-risk group of patients with DLBCL by IPI Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Azuki bean (Vigna angularis Ohwi & Ohashi) is one of the traditional grain legumes in China. From 2010 to 2013, mosaic and crumpling symptoms on leaves and stunting, all typical symptoms of a viral disease, were observed on cultivars CWA030, CWA221, and JCA002 of azuki bean with incidence rates of 30 to 100% and yield losses of 50 to 95% in the three fields of Changping district, Beijing. To identify the possible viral pathogen(s), 21 symptomatic leaf samples from different cultivars were collected and total RNA was extracted from the samples and subjected to RT-PCR testing with degenerate primers targeting portions of the coding regions of Cucumovirus capsid protein (CP) (1) and Potyvirus NIb (2); these viruses had been reported in azuki bean. Fragments of 940 bp and 350 bp corresponding to Cucumovirus CP and Potyvirus NIb, respectively, were amplified from all the samples collected. Sequencing of the PCR products from nine samples, followed by BLAST analysis, confirmed the presence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). All the samples tested were also positive with direct antigen coating (DAC)-ELISA using specific antiserum to CMV or BCMV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). The CMV CP gene (GenBank Accession No. KJ467817) shared 99% sequence identity with a China CMV isolate (DQ873558). To further characterize the BCMV strain found, fragments of 3,388 bp spanning BCMV NIa, NIb, CP and 3′UTR regions were amplified with another primer set, BCMV-F (5′-AGCAAGTCAATTTACAAGGGACTTC-3′) and BCMV-R (5′-GGAACAACAAACATTGCCGTAGCTAC-3′) from three samples, and three independent clones from each sample were sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that this segment (KJ467816) shared 98% identity with the BCMV azuki bean strain (U60100). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BCMV, together with CMV, naturally infecting azuki bean in China. Further attention should be paid to this emerging viral disease and measures should be taken to control the spread of BCMV. References: (1) S. K. Choi et al. J. Virol. Methods 83:1345, 1999. (2) L. Zheng et al. Plant Pathol. 59:1345, 2010.

ABSTRAK Sektor kosmetik halal saat ini dianggap sebagai sektor dengan potensi tertinggi secara global. Berkembangnya tren penggunaan kosmetik halal dipengaruhi oleh tren hijrah dan gaya hidup umat Muslim yang sadar dengan urgensi penggunaan produk halal. Ketersediaan produk kosmetik halal yang beragam di pasaran mendorong konsumen lebih diskriminatif dalam pemilihan merek kosmetiknya. Perusahaan perlu merumuskan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar produknya dapat bertahan dan bersaing dengan kompetitor, salah satunya melalui rekomendasi atas suatu produk tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi intensi konsumen untuk merekomendasikan produk kosmetik halal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) dengan alat analisis SmartPLS 3. Data primer diperoleh melalui kuesioner dengan 180 sampel masyarakat di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa customer satisfaction, product quality, dan customer experience berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal, sedangkan trust tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap intention to recommend produk kosmetik halal. Kata kunci: Kosmetik halal, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. ABSTRACT The halal cosmetics sector is currently considered the sector with the highest potential in the world. The growing trend of using halal cosmetics is influenced by the migration trend and lifestyle of Muslims who are aware of the importance of using halal products. The presence of various halal cosmetic products on the market encourages consumers to be more selective in their choice of cosmetic brands. Companies need to formulate the right marketing strategy in order for their products to survive and compete with competitors, one of which is product-specific recommendations. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence consumers' intentions to recommend halal beauty products. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the SmartPLS 3 analysis tool. Primary data was obtained from a survey of 180 samples of people in the city of South Tangerang. The results of the study show that customer satisfaction, product quality, and customer experience have a positive and significant impact on the intention to recommend halal beauty products, while trust does not have a significant effect on the intention to recommend halal beauty products. Keywords: Halal cosmetics, customer satisfaction, trust, product quality, customer experience, intention to recommend. DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abu Bakar, E., Rosslee, N. N., Mastura, A., Ariff, M., Othman, M., & Hashim, P. (2017). Consumers’ trust and values towards halal cosmetics and personal care products. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics. Adriyati, R., & Indriani, F. (2017). Pengaruh electronic word of mouth terhadap citra merek dan minat beli pada produk kosmetik wardah. Diponegoro Journal of Management, 6(4), 1–14. Ahmadi, A. (2019). Thai Airways: Key influencing factors on customers’ word of mouth. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 36(1), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2018-0024 Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality and behavior. Open University Press. Al-Ansi, A., Olya, H. G. T., & Han, H. (2019). Effect of general risk on trust, satisfaction, and recommendation intention for halal food. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 83, 210–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.10.017 Ali, F., Kim, W. G., Li, J., & Jeon, H. M. (2018). Make it delightful: Customers’ experience, satisfaction and loyalty in Malaysian theme parks. Journal of Destination Marketing and Management, 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2016.05.003 Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 514–538. Annabi, C. A., & Ibidapo-Obe, O. O. (2017). Halal certification organizations in the United Kingdom: An exploration of halal cosmetic certification. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 8(1), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2015-0045 Augusty Ferdinand. (2006). Metode penelitian manajemen: Pedoman penelitian untuk penulisan skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi ilmu manajemen. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Bennet, R., & Rundle-Thiele, S. (2004). Customer satisfaction should not be the only goal. Journal of Services Marketing, 18(7), 514–523. BPJPH. (2020). Bahan halal dalam sertifikasi halal. Retrieved from http://halal.go.id/beritalengkap/236 Chang, H. H., Jeng, D. J. F., & Hamid, M. R. A. (2013). Conceptualising consumers’ word-of-mouth behaviour intention: Evidence from a university education services in Malaysia. Service Business, 7(1), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-012-0142-1 Chang, S. E., Shen, W. C., & Yeh, C. H. (2017). A comparative study of user intention to recommend content on mobile social networks. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76(4), 5399–5417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3966-1 Chen, J., & Shen, X. L. (2015). Consumers’ decisions in social commerce context: An empirical investigation. Decision Support Systems, 79, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2015.07.012 Deshwal, P. (2016). Customer experience quality and demographic variables (age, gender, education level, and family income) in retail stores. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 44(9), 940–955. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-03-2016-0031 Dinar Standard. (2020). State of the global Islamic economy report thriving in uncertainty. Retrieved from https://www.salaamgateway.com/specialcoverage/SGIE20-21 Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I., & Flanders, A. N. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research (Icek Ajzen (ed.); Vol. 2089). Addison-Welsey Publishing Company. Ghozali, I. (2014). Partial least squares, konsep, teknik, dan aplikasi menggunakan program SmartPLS 3.2.9 untuk peneliti. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. Hashim, A. J. bt C. M., & Musa, R. (2014). Factors influencing attitude towards halal cosmetic among young adult urban Muslim women: A focus group analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 129–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.016 Hussein, A. S., Hapsari, R. D. V., & Yulianti, I. (2018). Experience quality and hotel boutique customer loyalty: Mediating role of hotel image and perceived value. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 19(4), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2018.1429981 Iglesias, O., Singh, J. J., & Batista-Foguet, J. M. (2011). The role of brand experience and affective commitment in determining brand loyalty. Journal of Brand Management, 18(8), 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2010.58 Ishak, S., Che Omar, A. R., Khalid, K., Intan, I. S., & Hussain, M. Y. (2020). Cosmetics purchase behavior of educated millennial Muslim females. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(5), 1055–1071. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2019-0014 Izogo, E. E. (2016). Structural equation test of relationship quality: Repurchase intention – willingness to recommend framework in retail banking. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 11(3), 374–394. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2015-0130 Jani, D., & Han, H. (2014). Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience, and loyalty: Testing their relationships in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 11–20. Jaswir, I., Rahayu, E. A., Yuliana, N. D., & Roswiem, A. P. (2020). Daftar referensi bahan-bahan yang memiliki titik kritis halal dan substitusi bahan non-halal (1st ed.). Jakarta: Komite Nasional Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah (KNEKS). Jung, H., & Soo, M. (2012). The effect of brand experience on brand relationship quality. In Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 16(1), 87-98. Kaur, K., Osman, S., & Maziha, S. (2014). Predicting working women purchasing behaviour of Malaysian halal cosmetic products by using theory of planned behaviour. International Academic Research Journal of Business and Management. Kemenperin. (2021). Wujudkan masterplan ekonomi syariah, kemenperin pacu kawasan industri halal. Retrieved from https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/22818/Wujudkan-Masterplan-Ekonomi-Syariah,-Kemenperin-Pacu-Kawasan-Industri-Halal Khan, N., Sarwar, A., & Tan, B. C. (2021). Determinants of purchase intention of halal cosmetic products among Generation Y consumers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), 1461–1476. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-11-2019-0248 Kim, H. S., & Choi, B. (2016). The effects of three customer-to-customer interaction quality types on customer experience quality and citizenship behavior in mass service settings. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(4), 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-06-2014-0194 Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (2018). Principles of marketing. London: Pearson Education Limited. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management. London: Pearson Education. Kraeuter, S. G. (2002). The role of consumers’ trust in online-shopping. Journal of Business Ethics, 39(1), 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1016323815802 LPPOM MUI. (2021). LPPOM: Wajib sertifikasi halal juga berlaku untuk produk kosmetik. Retrieved from https://mui.or.id/berita/32650/lppom-wajib-sertifikasi-halal-juga-berlaku-untuk-produk-kosmetik/ Marques, C., Vinhas da Silva, R., & Antova, S. (2021). Image, satisfaction, destination and product post-visit behaviours: How do they relate in emerging destinations? Tourism Management, 85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104293 Meilatinova, N. (2021). Social commerce: Factors affecting customer repurchase and word-of-mouth intentions. International Journal of Information Management, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102300 Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20–38. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252308 Oliveira, T., Tomar, S., & Tam, C. (2020). Evaluating collaborative consumption platforms from a consumer perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123018 Oliver, R. L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(4), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.2307/3150499 Özmen, A., & Ögel, İ. Y. (2020). The interaction between customer experience, satisfaction and positive word of mouth: A study on city marketing in Afyonkarahisar. Contemporary Issues in Business Economics and Finance (Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 104, 105–121). https://doi.org/10.1108/s1569-375920200000104007 Robustin, T. P., Fauziah, A., Widya, S., & Lumajang, G. (2018). Pengaruh kualitas produk dan word of mouth terhadap keputusan pembelian kosmetik wardah pada masyarakat di kota Jember. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Manajemen dan Bisnis III, 94–101. Safa, N. S., & Von Solms, R. (2016). Customers repurchase intention formation in e-commerce. SA Journal of Information Management, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v18i1.712 Schmitt, B. (1999). Experiential marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 15(1–3), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725799784870496 Sugibayashi, K., Yusuf, E., Todo, H., Dahlizar, S., Sakdiset, P., Arce, F. J., & See, G. L. (2019). Halal cosmetics: A review on ingredients, production, and testing methods. Cosmetics, 6(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6030037 Suhartanto, D., Dean, D., Sarah, I. S., Hapsari, R., Amalia, F. A., & Suhaeni, T. (2021). Does religiosity matter for customer loyalty? Evidence from halal cosmetics. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), 1521–1534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2020-0069 Tenenhaus, M., Vinzi, V. E., Chatelin, Y. M., & Lauro, C. (2005). PLS path modeling. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 48(1), 159–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2004.03.005 Tjiptono, F., & Chandra, G. (2012). Pemasaran Strategik. Yogyakarta: Andi. Van Wangenheim, F., & Bayón, T. (2007). The chain from customer satisfaction via word-of-mouth referrals to new customer acquisition. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 35(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0037-1 Wangenheim, F. V. (2005). Postswitching negative word of mouth. Journal of Service Research, 8(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670505276684 Yuliana, A., & Wahyudi, L. (2021). The relationship between trust and intention to recommend: The role of content quality, website design and enjoyment. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(2), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms