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Skowron, J., A. Udalski, A. Gould, Subo Dong, L. A. G. Monard, C. Han, C. R. Nelson et al. "BINARY MICROLENSING EVENT OGLE-2009-BLG-020 GIVES VERIFIABLE MASS, DISTANCE, AND ORBIT PREDICTIONS". Astrophysical Journal 738, n. 1 (16 agosto 2011): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/738/1/87.
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Donati, Donato, Stefano Roelens, Riccardo Torriti e Giovanni Valle. "Structure and Binding Properties of Four New Oligomeric Cyclophane Esters: 1,4-Xylylene 1,4-Phenylene Diacetates and Dipropionates". Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, n. 5 (1998): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97215.
Abstract (sommario):
The X-ray crystal structure determinations of four new oligomeric cyclophane esters are reported. They are: (3a) monomeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)diacetate, P21/n (No. 14), a 5·959(5), b 15·795(5), c 8·094(5) Å, β 108·060(5)°, V 724·3(8) Å3 , Z 2, R1(2σ) 0·0522, wR2 0·125; (3b) monomeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)dipropionate, P21/c (No. 14), a 5·878(1), b 14·642(2), c 18·909(2) Å, β 96·00(10)°, V 1618·5(4) Å3 , Z 4, R1(2σ) 0·053, wR2 0·165; (3c) dimeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)diacetate, P-1 (No. 2), a 14·633(2), b 17·529(2), c 5·736(1) Å, α 98·30(10), β 90·60(10), γ 95·40(10)°, V 1449·0(4) Å3, Z 2, R1(2σ) 0·057, wR2 0·158; (3d) dimeric 1,4-xylylene (1,4-phenylene)dipropionate, P21/a (No. 14), a 8·145(1), b 11·379(2), c 17·401(2) Å, β 101·40(10)°, V 1580·9(4) Å3, Z 4, R1(2σ) 0·034, wR2 0·095. Monomeric cyclophanes (3a,b) exhibit a well defined cleft, while dimeric (3c,d) adopt a flat conformation devoid of cavities. Binding properties were determined by 1H n.m.r. titrations in CDCl3 at T = 296 K. Complexation experiments with quaternary ammonium salts revealed that host (3c) possesses appreciable binding ability toward N-methylpyridinium (–ΔG° = 5·9 kJ mol-1), tetramethylammonium (–ΔG° = 8·8 kJ mol-1) and acetylcholine (–ΔG° = 7·5 kJ mol-1) cations, despite its lack of a preorganized cavity.
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Klemes, M. J., L. Soderstrom, J. L. Hunting e A. S. Larsen. "Crystal structure of 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium dicarba-7,8-nido-undecaborate". Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, n. 3 (13 febbraio 2015): o183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015002765.
Abstract (sommario):
In the title molecular salt, C9H17N2+·C2H12B9−, the carborane cage has a bridging B—H—B bond on the open B3C2face. The butyl side chain of the cation adopts an extended conformation [C—C—C—C = 179.6 (1)°]. In the crystal, the imidazolium ring is almost coplanar with the open face of the carborane anion. The cations stack in the [010] direction and the dihedral angle between the imidazolium rings of adjacent cations is 68.45 (6)°. The butyl chains extend into the space between carborane anions.
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Mu??oz, Miguel, Ana P??rez, Marisa Rosso, Carmen Zamarriego e Rosario Rosso. "Antitumoral action of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist L-733 060 on human melanoma cell lines". Melanoma Research 14, n. 3 (giugno 2004): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cmr.0000129376.22141.a3.
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Lalloo, Ratilal, Lydia R. Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D. Castle, Zachary V. Dingels, Jack T. Fox, Erin B. Hamilton et al. "Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study". Injury Prevention 26, Supp 1 (8 gennaio 2020): i27—i35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043297.
Abstract (sommario):
BackgroundThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture.MethodsWe obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls), and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes.ResultsGlobally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 493 113) new cases, 1 819 732 (1 609 419 to 2 091 618) prevalent cases, and 117 402 (73 266 to 169 689) YLDs due to facial fractures. In terms of age-standardised incidence, prevalence and YLDs, the global rates were 98 (80 to 123) per 100 000, 23 (20 to 27) per 100 000, and 2 (1 to 2) per 100 000, respectively. Facial fractures were most concentrated in Central Europe. Falls were the predominant cause in most regions.ConclusionsFacial fractures are predominantly caused by falls and occur worldwide. Healthcare systems and public health agencies should investigate methods of all injury prevention. It is important for healthcare systems in every part of the world to ensure access to treatment resources.
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Dunlop, Hayley, Evelyn Fitzpatrick, Kevin Kurti, Stephanie Deeb, Erin F. Gillespie, Laura Dover, Divya Yerramilli, Scarlett Lin Gomez, Fumiko Chino e C. Jillian Tsai. "Participation of Patients From Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups in Phase 1 Early Cancer Drug Development Trials in the US, 2000-2018". JAMA Network Open 5, n. 11 (3 novembre 2022): e2239884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.39884.
Abstract (sommario):
ImportanceDespite federal initiatives encouraging the enrollment of individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups in US clinical trials, no studies to date have specifically examined demographic disparities among participants in phase 1 drug development trials for patients with metastatic cancer.ObjectiveTo assess trends in the enrollment of patients from racial and ethnic minority groups in US phase 1 therapeutic drug trials for metastatic cancer from 2000 to 2018.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional study, ClinicalTrials.gov was queried in July 2021 to identify completed phase 1 drug trials for metastatic cancer in the US from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018, with published results, yielding 221 phase 1 trials with 8309 participants aged 18 years or older with metastatic solid tumors. Proportions of each racial and ethnic group of trial participants were compared with that from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries’ Cancer in North America (CiNA) database. Statistical analysis was performed from July 12, 2021, to March 15, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFor each racial and ethnic group, the difference between trial and CiNA proportions was examined using a 2-sample test for equality of proportions with continuity correction.ResultsThe 8309 phase 1 trial participants (4198 men [50.5%]; median age, 59 years) included 23 American Indian or Alaska Native participants (0.3%), 371 Asian or Pacific Islander participants (4.5%), 514 Black participants (6.2%), 401 of 5076 Hispanic or Latinx participants (7.9%), and 7154 White participants (86.1%). Industry funded 165 of the 221 trials (74.7%). White patients were overrepresented overall compared with the corresponding CiNA cohort (7154 of 8309 [86.1%] vs 4 113 096 of 4 891 486 [84.1%]; difference, 2.0 percentage points; P < .001). There was an increase in overrepresentation of White patients from 2000 to 2011 (trials, 2780 of 3245 [85.7%]; CiNA, 2 378 019 of 2 800 711 [84.9%]; difference, 0.8 percentage points; P = .23) to 2012-2018 (trials, 4374 of 5063 [86.4%]; CiNA, 1 735 077 of 2 090 775 [82.9%]; difference, 3.5 percentage points; P < .001) and corresponding worsening representation of American Indian or Alaska Native patients (2000-2011: trials, 10 of 3245 [0.3%]; CiNA, 10 905 of 2 800 711 [0.4%]; difference, −0.08 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 13 of 5063 [0.3%]; CiNA, 9484 of 2 090 775 [0.5%]; difference, −0.20 percentage points), Asian or Pacific Islander patients (2000-2011: trials, 121 of 3245 [3.7%]; CiNA, 75 033 of 2 800 711 [2.7%]; difference, 1.1 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 151 of 5063 [3.0%]; CiNA 70 535 of 2 090 775 [3.4%]; difference, −0.75 percentage points), Black patients (2000-2011: trials, 244 of 3245 [7.5%]; CiNA, 322 701 of 2 800 711 [11.5%]; difference, −4.0 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 270 of 5063 [5.3%]; CiNA, 255 625 of 2 090 775 [12.2%]; difference, −6.9 percentage points), and Hispanic or Latinx patients (2000-2011: trials, 161 of 1792 [9.0%]; CiNA, 169 297 of 2 800 711 [6.0%]; difference, 3.0 percentage points; 2012-2018: trials, 240 of 3295 [7.3%]; CiNA, 156 118 of 2 090 775 [7.5%]; difference, −0.2 percentage points). Similar disparities were observed when comparing industry-funded and academic center–sponsored trials.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of participants in phase 1 clinical trials of drugs for metastatic cancer, worsening disparities were observed over time in the accrual of patients from racial and ethnic minority groups. These findings may represent widening inequalities in access to trial sites and worsening systemic biases. More efforts are needed to diversify phase 1 cancer drug trials to improve equity in access to new treatments and to ensure that safety and efficacy findings from early drug trials are generalizable across populations.
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Jones, Michael E., Minouk Schoemaker, Megan Rae, Elizabeth J. Folkerd, Mitch Dowsett, Alan Ashworth e Anthony J. Swerdlow. "Changes in Estradiol and Testosterone Levels in Postmenopausal Women After Changes in Body Mass Index". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 98, n. 7 (1 luglio 2013): 2967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-1588.
Abstract (sommario):
Context: Endogenous sex hormones are risk factors for postmenopausal breast cancer. A potential route for favorable hormonal modification is weight loss. Objective: The objective of the study was to measure change in plasma estradiol and testosterone levels in postmenopausal women in relation to change in body mass index (BMI) and plasma leptin. Setting: The setting was a cohort study of over 100 000 female volunteers from the general population, United Kingdom. Participants: The participants were a sample of 177 postmenopausal women aged over 45 years who provided blood samples during 2004–2005 and again during 2010–2011. Main Outcome Measure: Outcomes were percentage change in plasma estradiol and testosterone levels per 1 kg/m2 change in BMI and per 1 ng/mL change in plasma leptin. Results: Among women with reduction in BMI, estradiol decreased 12.7% (95% confidence interval: [6.4%, 19.5%]; P < .0001) per kg/m2 and among women with increased BMI estradiol increased 6.4% [0.2%, 12.9%] (P = .042). The corresponding figures for testosterone were 10.7% [3.0%, 19.0%] (P = .006) and 1.9% [−5.4%, 9.7%] (P = .61) per kg/m2. For women with decreases and increases in leptin, estradiol decreased by 3.6% [1.3%, 6.0%] (P = .003) per ng/mL and increased by 1.7% [−0.3%, 3.6%] (P = .094), respectively. The corresponding figures for testosterone were 4.8% [2.0%, 7.8%] (P = .009) and 0.3% [−2.0%, 2.6%] (P = .82) per ng/mL. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women, changes in BMI and plasma leptin occurring over several years are associated with changes in estradiol and testosterone levels. The results suggest that fat loss by an individual can result in substantial decreases in postmenopausal estradiol and testosterone levels and provides support for weight management to lessen breast cancer risk.
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Wu, Xiaobing, Yang Guan, Jianbin Ye, Hanlin Fu, Chunlai Zhang, Lina Lan, Fengxin Wu et al. "Association between syphilis seroprevalence and age among blood donors in Southern China: an observational study from 2014 to 2017". BMJ Open 9, n. 11 (novembre 2019): e024393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024393.
Abstract (sommario):
ObjectiveThis study investigated the association between syphilis seroprevalence and age among blood donors, and described the distribution of serological titres among syphilis-infected donors, aiming to confirm the syphilis epidemic characteristics and to promote effective interventions for older adults.MethodsData were obtained from the Shenzhen Programme for Syphilis Prevention and Control in 2014–2017. Blood samples were screened using the ELISAs, and confirmed using the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST).ResultsAmong 394 792 blood donors, 733 tested TPPA and TRUST positive (active infection), and 728 tested only TPPA positive (historical infection). The overall prevalence of syphilis seropositivity was 370.1 per 100 000 (95% CI 351.1 to 389.0 per 100 000); the prevalence of active infection was 185.7 per 100 000 (95% CI 172.2 to 199.1 per 100 000). People aged ≥45 years displayed a prevalence of 621.8 per 100 000 in syphilis seropositivity and 280.5 per 100 000 in active infection, which were 3.8 times and 2.4 times higher than that for people aged <25 years, respectively. The prevalence of syphilis seropositivity (χ2trend=311.9, p trend<0.001) and active infection (χ2trend=72.1, p trend<0.001) increased significantly with age. After stratification by gender and year of donation, the increasing trend of prevalence with age remained (p trend<0.05), except for the prevalence of active infection in males and females in 2014. About 16.3% of donors with active infection and aged ≥45 years had a TRUST titre of ≥1∶8, lower than that of patients aged <25 years (51.3%) and 25–34 years (34.1%).ConclusionsThe findings confirm the high prevalence of syphilis among older adults, and suggest the need to increase awareness among healthcare providers and deliver more targeted prevention interventions for older adults to promote early testing.
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Mediavilla, E., J. A. Muñoz, C. S. Kochanek, E. Guerras, J. Acosta-Pulido, E. Falco, V. Motta, S. Arribas, A. Manchado e A. Mosquera. "THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACCRETION DISK IN THE LENSED QUASAR SBS 0909+532". Astrophysical Journal 730, n. 1 (24 febbraio 2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/730/1/16.
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Campos, Luiz Fernandes Cardoso, José Alves Jr., Camila Meira de Abreu Campos, Derblai Casaroli, Adão Wagner Pego Evangelista e Alexsander Seleguini. "SISTEMA RADICULAR DO PORTA-ENXERTO IAC 572 ‘JALES’ SOB NIÁGARA ROSADA NAS CONDIÇÕES DO CERRADO GOIANO". IRRIGA 22, n. 4 (20 dicembre 2017): 723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2017v22n4p723-734.
Abstract (sommario):
SISTEMA RADICULAR DO PORTA-ENXERTO IAC 572 ‘JALES’ SOB NIÁGARA ROSADA NAS CONDIÇÕES DO CERRADO GOIANO LUIZ FERNANDES CARDOSO CAMPOS1; JOSÉ ALVES JR.2; CAMILA MEIRA DE ABREU CAMPOS3; DERBLAI CASAROLI2; ADÃO WAGNER PEGO EVANGELISTA2 E ALEXSANDER SELEGUINI4 1 Programa de pós-graduação em agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, e-mail: luizfernandescampos@hotmail.com.2 Setor de engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia-GO, e-mail: jose.junior@pq.cnpq.br; derblai@pq.cnpq.br; awpego@pq.cnpq.br;3 Engenheira agrônoma, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Palmeiras de Goiás, e-mail: camilaabreuagro@hotmail.com.4 Setor de Horticultura, Universidade Federal do Triangulo Mineiro, Campus Universitário de Iturama, Iturama – MG, e-mail: aseleguini@gmail.com. 1 RESUMO O conhecimento da distribuição das raízes no solo é fundamental para a produção agrícola, pois permite realizar o manejo mais adequado em cada etapa do desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição do sistema radicular de plantas de videira, do porta-enxerto IAC572‘Jales’ sob a cultivar Niágara rosada no cerrado goiano em duas idades de plantas. As plantas avaliadas localizavam-se em áreas de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, arranjadas no espaçamento 2,5mx2,5m. Avaliaram-se espessura e densidade das raízes a partir de amostras de solo coletadas à cinco distâncias do caule (0,25; 0,50; 0,75; 1,0; e 1,25m) e cinco profundidades (0,0-0,20m; 0,20-0,40m; 0,40-0,60m; 0,60‑0,80m; e 0,80‑1,0m). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial triplo 2x5x5 (idades x distâncias do caule x profundidades), com três repetições. A idade das plantas não influenciou na densidade. As raízes com diâmetro menor que 2mm concentram-se na camada de 0,0-0,20m de profundidade. Raízes grossas com diâmetro acima de 2mm concentram-se até 0,50m de distância do tronco e na profundidade de 0,20‑0,40m. A profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular foi encontrada a 0,60m, e a distância efetiva até 1,00m, sendo esta zona onde concentram-se 80% das raízes, já a partir do segundo ano de idade do pomar. Palavras-chave: Vitis labrusca, densidade de raízes, comprimento de raiz, profundidade efetiva CAMPOS, L. F. C.; ALVES JR., J.; CAMPOS, C. M. A.; CASAROLI, D.; EVANGELISTA, A. W. P.; SELEGUINI, A.ROOT SYSTEM OF IAC 572 'JALES' ROOTSTOCK UNDER NIAGARA ROSADA VINE PLANT IN GOIÁS STATE SAVANNA CONDITIONS 2 ABSTRACT The knowledge of roots distribution in soil is fundamental for agricultural production, since it allows performing the most appropriate management in each stage of development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the roots distribution of rootstock of vine plants IAC572'Jales' under Niagara rosada cultivar in cerrado of Goiás at two plant ages. The evaluated plants were located in areas of dystrophic Red Latosol, arranged in spacing 2.5mx2.5m. Root thickness and density were determined from soil samples collected at five distances of the stem (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25m) and five depths (0.0-0.20m, 0.20-0.40m, 0.40-0.60m, 0.60-0.80m, and 0.80-1.0m). A completely randomized design was used, in a triple factorial scheme 2x5x5 (ages x distances of the stem x depths), with three replications. The age of the plants did not influence the roots density. The finer roots with a diameter of less than 2mm are concentrated in 0.0-0.20m layer. Thick roots with a diameter above 2mm are concentrated up to 0.50m away from the trunk and at a depth of 0.20-0.40m. The effective depth and distance of the root system (80% of roots concentrated) were found at 0.60m and up to 1.00m, respectively, already from the second year old. Keywords: Vitis labrusca, density of roots, root length, effective depth
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Werner, Flávia, Alvadi A. Balbinot Junior, André S. Ferreira, Marcelo A. de A. e. Silva, Henrique Debiasi e Julio C. Franchini. "Soybean growth affected by seeding rate and mineral nitrogen". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 20, n. 8 (agosto 2016): 734–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n8p734-738.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of seeding rates and nitrogen (N) fertilization on plant growth in soybean cultivar with indeterminate growth habit. Two experiments were conducted in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 growing seasons, in a complete block design with split-plot scheme and six replicates. Four seeding rates (150, 300, 440 and 560 000 viable seeds ha-1) and two N doses (0 and 45 kg ha-1) were allocated in the plots and subplots, respectively. The cultivar NK7059 RR was used. The following traits were assessed: leaf, stem and total shoot dry matter, leaf/stem dry matter ratio, stem and leaf N content, SPAD index, plant height, first pod height, number of branches per plant and grain yield. Soybean growth is not affected by the interaction of plant density and mineral N fertilization. Higher seeding rates increase plant dry matter in the initial development stages and reduce leaf/stem ratio and the number of branches per plant. The effects of N fertilization on soybean growth vary between growing seasons, but do not affect grain yield, even considering a wide range of seeding rates.
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Ferreira Goes, Geovana, Geocleber Gomes de Sousa, Carla Ingryd Nojosa Lessa, Fred Denílson Barbosa da Silva, Claudivan Feitosa de Lacerda e Rafaella da Silva Nogueira. "USO DE COBERTURA MORTA E ÁGUA SALINA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO". IRRIGA 1, n. 4 (23 dicembre 2021): 730–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2021v1n4p730-738.
Abstract (sommario):
USO DE COBERTURA MORTA E ÁGUA SALINA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DA CULTURA DO MILHO GEOVANA FERREIRA GOES1, GEOCLEBER GOMES DE SOUSA2, CARLA INGRYD NOJOSA LESSA3, FRED DENILSON BARBOSA DA SILVA2, CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA4, RAFAELLA DA SILVA NOGUEIRA2 1Graduanda no curso de Agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: ggoes64@gmail.com 2Professores Doutores, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural, Agronomia da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Avenida da Abolição, 3, centro, 62.790-000, Redenção/Ce, Brasil). E-mail: sousagg@unilab.edu.br; freddenilson@unilab.edu.br; rafaellanogueira@unilab.edu.br 3Mestranda pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Avenida Mister Hull,2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil) Email: ingrydnojosal@gmail.com 4Professor Doutor, DENA/Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici (Avenida Mister Hull,2977, Pici, 60.021-970, Fortaleza/Ce, Brasil) Email: cfeitosa@ufc.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade da cultura do milho irrigado com água de maior e menor salinidade em solo com e sem cobertura morta vegetal. A pesquisa foi realizada em campo, na Fazenda experimental da UNILAB, Redenção-CE. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 × 2, referente a seis estratégias de uso de cobertura morta vegetal: EC1= sem cobertura morta durante todo o ciclo - testemunha; EC2= com cobertura morta durante todo o ciclo; EC3= com cobertura morta até 45 dias após a semeadura (DAS) e sem cobertura morta até o final do ciclo; EC4= sem cobertura morta até aos 45 DAS e com cobertura morta até o final do ciclo; EC5= com cobertura morta até 60 DAS e sem cobertura morta até o final do ciclo e EC6= sem cobertura morta até 60 e com cobertura morta até o final do ciclo e duas condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (A1=0,8 dS m-1 e A2=3,0 dS m-1), em cinco repetições. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: massa de espiga com e sem palha, de 1000 grãos e a produtividade. O uso da estratégia EC3 possibilitou aumento para massa da espiga com e sem palha e 1000 grãos. A salinidade da água de irrigação foi atenuada pela estratégia EC3 para massa da espiga com e sem palha. As estratégias EC3 e EC5 apresentaram maior produtividade com água de baixa salinidade e com água de maior salinidade quando utilizou-se a estratégia EC3. Palavras-chave: salinidade, proteção do solo, Zea mays L. GOES, G. F.; SOUSA, G. G.; LESSA, C. I. N; SILVA, F. D. B; LACERDA, C. F.; NOGUEIRA, R. S. USE OF DEAD COVERAGE AND SALINE WATER IN THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CORN CROP 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the productivity of the corn crop irrigated with water of greater and lesser salinity in soils with and without mulch. The research was carried out in the field, at the experimental farm at UNILAB, Redenção-CE. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to six strategies for using vegetable mulch: EC1= no mulch throughout the cycle - control; EC2= with mulch throughout the cycle; EC3= with mulch up to 45 days after sowing (DAS) and without mulch until the end of the cycle; EC4= no mulch up to 45 DAS and with mulch until the end of the cycle; EC5= with mulch up to 60 DAS and without mulch until the end of the cycle and EC6= without mulch up to 60 and with mulch until the end of the cycle and two electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (A1=0.8 dS m-1 and A2=3.0 dS m-1) in five repetitions. The following variables were analyzed: ear mass with and without straw, 1000 grains and yield. The use of the EC3 strategy allowed an increase in ear mass with and without straw and 1000 grains. The salinity of the irrigation water was attenuated by the EC3 strategy for ear mass with and without straw. Strategies EC3 and EC5 showed higher yields with low salinity water and high salinity water when the EC3 strategy was used. Keywords: salinity, soil protection, Zea mays L.
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Sawattep, Jeeranut, Thad A. Howard, Noppawan P. Morales, Yupin Sanvarinda, Pranee Fucharoen, Suthat Fucharoen e Russell E. Ware. "Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Discovery within the UGT1A Gene Complex: Allelic Frequencies and Ethnic Differences." Blood 104, n. 11 (16 novembre 2004): 3780. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3780.3780.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT1A) gene complex plays an important role in the hepatic metabolism of many chemicals, toxins, and drugs including bilirubin and acetaminophen. In this large gene complex that spans over 200kb, there are at least 13 different coding regions that can serve as exon 1, followed by a common sequence that contains exons 2–5. These variable exon 1 sequences confer different chemical specificities for binding compounds, while exons 2–5 provide glycosyltransferase function (glucuronidation) that enhances water solubility and excretion. Mutations and polymorphisms within the UGT1A complex may help explain the phenotypic variability that is observed in drug metabolism for patients with hematological diseases. To date, several important polymorphisms have been identified in the coding regions of the UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 exon 1 sequences, but formal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery has not been reported. Using genomic DNA obtained from a cohort of Thai patients with beta-thalassemia/HbE (n=37) and African-American patients with sickle cell anemia (n=12), flanking and coding sequences for UGT1A1 exon 1 (1.5kb), UGT1A6 exon 1 (1.5kb), and UGT1A common exons 2–5 (2.5kb) were fully sequenced in both directions. Polymorphisms that occurred more than once were compared to wildtype sequences obtained from NCBI, Accession Number AF297093. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the UGT1A gene complex SNP NCBI nucleotide Location African-American Thai * indicates a SNP previously identified in NCBI g/c 109183 5′ 1A6 Exon 1 .875/.125 .676/.324 c/g 109301 5′ 1A6 Exon 1 .833/.167 1.000/.000 g/t 109628 1A6 Exon 1 .458/.542 .662/.338 c/t 109713 1A6 Exon 1 1.000/.000 .905/.095 a/g * 109924 1A6 Exon 1 .542/.458 .689/.311 a/g * 110150 1A6 Exon 1 .708/.292 .689/.311 a/c * 110161 1A6 Exon 1 .625/.375 .662/.338 t/g 110236 1A6 Exon 1 .750/.250 .973/.027 c/t 174679 5′ 1A1 Exon 1 .500/.500 .770/.230 g/c 174979 5′ 1A1 Exon 1 1.000/.000 .946/.054 g/a * 175253 1A1 Exon 1 1.000/.000 .932/.068 a/g 182226 Intron 2 .955/.045 .689/.311 t/c 182521 Intron 2 .850/.150 .905/.095 c/t 187524 3′ Exon 5 .417/.583 .865/.135 c/g * 187652 3′ Exon 5 .625/.375 .851/.149 c/g * 187753 3′ Exon 5 .587/.417 .838/.162 In addition to the well-described UGT1A1 (TA)n promoter polymorphism, a total of 16 SNPs were identified in these regions, including 10 that have not been previously reported. Four novel promoter SNPs were identified, along with three new UGT1A6 exon 1 coding SNPs and three non-coding SNPs within the common exon 2–5 region. The alellic frequencies for these SNPs can only be estimated from this small sample size, but indicate substantial differences between Thai and African-American patients. A larger sample size will be used to determine a more accurate allelic frequency for each SNP, and to identify haplotype associations. These novel SNPs within the UGT1A gene complex may have important effects on drug metabolism and may explain some of the phenotypic variability observed in these patient populations.
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Watt, Julie C., Marina Konopleva, Rooha Contractor, Ismael Samudio, David Harris, Zeev Estrov, Jean Viallet e Michael Andreeff. "Inhibition of Bcl-2 Signaling by Small Molecule BH3 Inhhibitor GX15-070 as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in AML." Blood 108, n. 11 (16 novembre 2006): 2584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2584.2584.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract GX15-070 is a novel cycloprodigiosin derived small molecule BH3 inhibitor that binds with moderate affinity to all antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, including Mcl-1, and is currently undergoing Phase I clinical trials in leukemias. In this study, we investigated the activity of GX15-070 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML samples. GX15-070 inhibited cell growth of HL-60, U937, OCI-AML3 and KG-1 cell lines at IC50’s of 0.1, 0.5, 0.5 and 2.5μM, respectively, at 72 hours. Neither overexpression of Bcl-2 or Bcl-XL nor loss of expression of Bax conferred resistance to GX15-070. GX15-070 inhibited Bim/Bcl-2 heterodimerization and induced association of activated Bak with Bax in OCI-AML3 cells, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation studies using CHAPS buffer. This was associated with cytosolic release of cytochrome c followed by an increase in annexin positivity, caspase activation and a decrease in mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Notably, GX15-070 induced cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria of leukemic cells. GX15-070 synergized with both AraC and the novel BH3 mimetic ABT-737 to induce apoptosis in OCI-AML3 cells, a notoriously chemoresistant cell line (GX15-070 and ABT-737 average CI value 0.3; GX15-070 and AraC average CI value 0.36). In 6/7 primary AML samples, GX15-070 induced apoptosis in CD34+ progenitor cells at an average IC50 of 3.6±1.2μM at 24 hours. GX15-070 potently inhibited clonogenic ability of AML blasts at sub-micromolar doses (58.5±10.6% CFU-Blast at 0.1μM and 38.1±10.5% at 0.25μM, n=7). In summary, BH3 inhibitor GX15-070 induces apoptosis in AML cells via inhibition of association of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins and BH3-only proteins, followed by Bax/Bak activation and initiation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Hence, GX15-070 alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents may have utility in AML therapy.
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Semenova, Lioubov I., e Allan H. White. "Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. XIX (Hydrated) 1 : 2 Mononuclear Adducts of Lanthanoid(III) Chlorides with 2,2′-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline". Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, n. 6 (1999): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch98052.
Abstract (sommario):
Room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for a number of adducts of hydrated lanthanoid(III) trichlorides with 2,2′-bipyridine (‘bpy’) and 1,10-phenanthroline (‘phen’), crystallized from water, methanol or ethanol solutions, containing mononuclear arrays with 1 : 2 Ln/bpy or phen stoichiometry. LaCl3/phen/H2O(1 : 3 : 9), [(phen)2La(OH2)5]Cl3.phen.4H2O, although of overall 1 : 3 LaCl3/phen stoichiometry, has a lattice phen; it is orthorhombic, Pnna, a 19·947(7), b 16·457(5), c 12·213(2) Å, Z = 4; conventional R on |F| was 0·030 for No 2567 ‘observed’ (I >3σ(I)) diffractometer reflections. LaCl3/phen/H2O/MeOH (1 : 2 : 6 : 1), [(phen)2La(OH2)5]Cl3.H2O.MeOH, is triclinic, P 1, a 19·060(3), b 9·252(3), c 8·994(3) Å, α 69·33(3), β 86·81(2), γ 89·66(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·037 for No 5452. LaCl3/bpy/H2O (1 : 2 : 6), [(bpy)2La(OH2)4Cl]Cl2.2H2O, is monoclinic, P 21/c, a 19·389(3), b 9·071(1), c 16·873(2) Å, β 114·10(1)°, Z = 4, R 0·029 for No 4699. All three of these complexes have a nine-coordinate [(N,N′-bidentate)2La(unidentate)5] coordination environment with quasi-2 symmetry; that of the remaining compounds following is eight-coordinate [(N,N′-bidentate)2Ln(unidentate)4]. LuCl3/phen/H2O (1 : 2 : 6), [(phen)2Lu(OH2)4]Cl3.2H2O, is monoclinic, C 2/c, a 11·045(7), b 17·660(6), c 14·474(9) Å, β 92·82(5)°, Z = 4, R 0·042 for No 1695, the Lu lying on a crystallographic 2 -axis. Crystals of LnCl3/phen/H2O(1 : 2 : 4), [(phen)2Ln(OH2)3Cl]Cl2.H2O (Ln = Dy, Er, Y), are triclinic, P 1, a≈ 12·6, b ≈ 10·5, c ≈ 10·4 Å, α ≈ 93·3, β ≈ 109·3, γ ≈ 96·8°, Z = 2, R 0·030, 0·040, 0·052 for No 4221, 5100, 2690 respectively. PrCl3/bpy/H2O/EtOH (1 : 2 : 1 : 0·5), [(bpy)2Pr(OH2)Cl3].½EtOH, is triclinic, P 1, a 13·331(3), b 10·734(2), c 9·758(2) Å, α 63·67(2), β 78·99(2), γ 71·24(2)°, Z = 2, R 0·033 for No 4596, while [(bpy)2Pr(OH2)2Cl2]Cl is monoclinic, C 2/c, a 15·921(15), b 11·314(8), c 14·114(8) Å, β 116·70(6)°, Z = 4, R 0·041 for No 2269. ErCl3/bpy/H2O(1 : 2 : 2 (also)), [(bpy)2Er(OH2)2Cl2]Cl, is cubic, I 23, a 26·032(4) Å, Z = 24, R 0·066 for No 1644. Crystals of LnCl3/phen/H2O/MeOH (1 : 2 : 1 : 1), [(phen)2Ln(OH2)Cl3].MeOH (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Eu), are monoclinic, P 21/a, a ≈ 13·2, b ≈ 10·7, c ≈ 18·5 Å, β ≈ 102·1°, Z = 4, R 0·054, 0·032, 0·040, 0·054 for No 2872, 4792, 3179, 2847 respectively. LnCl3/bpy/H2O/EtOH (1 : 2 : 1 : 1), [(bpy)2Ln(OH2)Cl3].EtOH (Ln = Nd, Eu), are triclinic, P 1, a ≈ 11·3, b ≈ 10·9, c ≈ 10·4 Å, α ≈ 75·5, β ≈ 89·8, γ ≈ 78·0°, Z = 2, R 0·044, 0·056 for No 4979, 3596 respectively. LaCl3/bpy/EtOH (1 : 2 : 0·5) is binuclear [(bpy)2Cl2La(µ-Cl)2LaCl2(bpy)2].EtOH, monoclinic, P 21/c, a 9·6878(2), b 17·5696(3), c 16·1341(2) Å, β 123·10(1)°, Z = 2, R 0·033 for No 4256. A totally unsolvated array is found for YbCl3/bpy (1 : 2), [(bpy)2YbCl3], monoclinic, P 21/c, a 15·065(8), b 8·598(4), c 16·92(1) Å, β 112·46(5)°, Z = 4, R 0·032 for No 3548, in which, alone, the metal atom is seven-coordinate.
16
Asahi, M., R. Lindquist, K. Fukuyama, G. Apodaca, W. L. Epstein e J. H. McKerrow. "Purification and characterization of major extracellular proteinases from Trichophyton rubrum". Biochemical Journal 232, n. 1 (15 novembre 1985): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2320139.
Abstract (sommario):
Two extracellular proteinases that probably play a central role in the metabolism and pathogenesis of the most common dermatophyte of man, Trichophyton rubrum, were purified to homogeneity. Size-exclusion chromatography and Chromatofocusing were used to purify the major proteinases 42-fold from crude fungal culture filtrate. The major enzyme has pI 7.8 and subunit Mr 44 000, but forms a dimer of Mr approx. 90 000 in the absence of reducing agents. A second enzyme with pI 6.5 and subunit Mr 36 000, was also purified. It is very similar in substrate specificity to the major enzyme but has lower specific activity, and may be an autoproteolysis product. The major proteinase has pH optimum 8, a Ca2+-dependence maximum of 1 mM, and was inhibited by serine-proteinase inhibitors, especially tetrapeptidyl chloromethane derivatives with hydrophobic residues at the P-1 site. Kinetic studies also showed that tetrapeptides containing aromatic or hydrophobic residues at P-1 were the best substrates. A kcat./Km of 27 000 M-1 X S-1 was calculated for the peptide 3-carboxypropionyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide. The enzyme has significant activity against keratin, elastin and denatured type I collagen (Azocoll).
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Hughes, Maryanne R. "Responses of gull kidneys and salt glands to NaCl loading". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, n. 12 (1 dicembre 1995): 1727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-736.
Abstract (sommario):
Glomerular filtration rate was measured in Glaucous-winged Gulls, Larus glaucescens, acclimated to freshwater or saline and was also measured (along with salt gland secretion) following intravenous and intragastric infusion of 700 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Freshwater- and saline-acclimated gulls had the same mean glomerular filtration rate, 5.6 ± 0.8 and 6.1 ± 1.0 mL ∙ min−1 ∙ kg−1; urine flow rate, 44 ± 20 and 46 ± 19 μL ∙ min−1 ∙ kg−1; urine/plasma osmolality ratio, 1.2 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.1; urine/plasma [14C]polyethylene glycol ratio, 210 ± 69 and 211 ± 64; and Na+ reabsorption, 99.6 ± 0.2 and 99.6 ± 0.3%, respectively. Renal function during 143 mM NaCl infusion (glomerular filtration rate, 3.4 ± 0.3 mL ∙ min−1 ∙ kg−1; urine flow rate, 19.7 ± 2.8 μL ∙ min−1 ∙ kg−1; urine/plasma osmolality ratio, 1.7 ± 0.1; urine/plasma [14C]polyethylene glycol ratio, 223 ± 26, and Na+ reabsorption 99.9 ± 0.0%) was not affected by subsequent infusion of 700 mM NaCl, although plasma osmolality was significantly increased. The urine/plasma ratio for [14C]polyethylene glycol, but not osmolality, was higher in gulls than in other avian species. Intravenously infused NaCl elicited less concentrated salt gland secretion at a significantly lower threshold plasma osmolality than intragastric NaCl infusion. Salt gland secretion and glomerular filtration rates were inversely related.Key words: bird, gull, Larus glaucescens, kidneys, salt glands, gut, sodium chloride, glomerular filtration rate, saline acclimation.
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Silva, M. R., T. N. Martin, P. Bertoncelli, S. Ortiz, T. H. Schmitz e D. S. Vonz. "Caracterização agronômica de genótipos de milho para a produção de silagem". Archivos de Zootecnia 63, n. 242 (9 aprile 2013): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v63i242.555.
Abstract (sommario):
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar às características agronômicas e a produtividade de seis genótipos de milho de ciclo super precoce quanto à produção de silagem no município de Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná. A altura média diferiu entre os cultivares, variando de 1,62 (Al-Piratininga) a 0,90 m (BMX 739). O híbrido AGN30A03 apresentou menor resistência ao acamamento de plantas e ao quebramento do colmo. Os genótipos BMX 739, CD 304, PRE22T11 e Al-Piratininga obtiveram as maiores produtividades de massa verde (638,81; 455,18; 620,98; 460,12 g planta-1, respectivamente). A variedade Al-Piratininga apresentou número de espigas planta-1 (1,11) superior ao das demais. Entre os materiais avaliados, o genótipo BMX 739, se destacou pelo rendimento de matéria seca ensilável por área e pela participação percentual de espiga (29 %) e grãos (26 %) na fitomassa.
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Ferreira-Gonzalez, Andrea, Gilbert C. Ko, Sreevalsa Appukkuttan, Brian Hocum, Sohul Shuvo e Svetlana Babajanyan. "Abstract 1964: Racial and ethnic trends in next-generation sequencing (NGS) utilization among adult patients with selected advanced tumor types: a large commercial database analysis". Cancer Research 83, n. 7_Supplement (4 aprile 2023): 1964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1964.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Introduction: NGS utilization has increased over the last decade, although opportunities for improvement remain. Evaluation of trends in NGS utilization between race/ethnic groups will provide a better understanding of potential populations that may not have equitable access to NGS testing. Methods: Optum Clinformatics® Data Mart administrative health claims data was utilized to conduct a retrospective cohort study among US adult patients with >2 diagnostic ICD-10 codes for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), metastatic breast cancer (mBC), metastatic melanoma (mM), or primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors indexed between 1/1/2015 - 3/31/2021. NGS tests were identified using Current Procedural Terminology and Proprietary Laboratory Analyses codes. Outcomes by race and tumor type included time to first NGS test, prevalence of testing across study period and for key guideline/therapy timeframes. Data were summarized descriptively for analyses outcomes. Results: A total of 14,620 mNSCLC, 9,538 mCRC, 26,086 mBC, 1,740 mM, and 5,835 CNS patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 3.4% were Asian, 12.1% were Black, 9.4% were Hispanic, 70.0% were White and 5.1% were missing race data. NGS use increased for all races over the study period (Table 1). Median time to testing from diagnosis across tumors ranged from 1.1-1.8 months (mo) for Asian patients, 1.4-5.6 mo for Black, 1.4-5.1 mo for Hispanic, 1.2-7.2 mo for White and improved over key timeframes and overall study period. Conclusions: Within a similar access system, NGS testing rates for minorities in mNSCLC, mCRC, mBC, mM, and primary CNS tumors have increased between 2015 and 2021 and appear comparable to the White population. This analysis suggests equitable access to health insurance in a commercially insured population can lead to equal access to NGS testing between races. Table 1 NGS Testing Prevalence by Race and Key Timeframes Tumor Type/Race 1/1/2015 - 8/31/2016 (prior to key policy changes and larotrectinib approval) 9/1/2016 - 3/31/2018 (UnitedHealthcare expansion of NGS testing) 4/1/2018 - 11/25/2018 (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services recommending NGS use in diagnostics) 11/26/2018 - 6/30/2021 (Food and Drug Administration approval of larotrectinib) Mnsclc Asian 1.2% 1.4% 10.0% 21.1% Black 3.3% 1.4% 12.9% 15.5% Hispanic 2.9% 1.4% 9.3% 13.9% White 3.5% 6.7% 9.8% 16.5% mCRC Asian 1.4% 0.0% 11.9% 9.5% Black 2.5% 2.1% 4.0% 11.2% Hispanic 0.9% 1.1% 2.6% 7.8% White 1.5% 2.7% 3.9% 8.5% mBC Asian 0.5% 0.0% 3.0% 2.5% Black 0.1% 0.0% 1.4% 1.1% Hispanic 0.2% 0.2% 0.7% 2.1% White 0.1% 0.0% 1.0% 1.8% mM Asian 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 20.0% Black 0.0% 0.0% 14.3% 21.4% Hispanic 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 9.1% White 2.9% 3.0% 4.4% 11.1% Primary CNS Tumor Black 0.0% 0.0% 5.9% 5.7% Hispanic 0.6% 3.0% 1.9% 7.8% White 0.8% 1.3% 2.9% 6.4% Citation Format: Andrea Ferreira-Gonzalez, Gilbert C. Ko, Sreevalsa Appukkuttan, Brian Hocum, Sohul Shuvo, Svetlana Babajanyan. Racial and ethnic trends in next-generation sequencing (NGS) utilization among adult patients with selected advanced tumor types: a large commercial database analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1964.
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Howard, Adrienne N., Kathleen A. Bridges, Raymond E. Meyn e Joya Chandra. "ABT-737, a BH3 mimetic, induces glutathione depletion and oxidative stress". Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 65, n. 1 (29 aprile 2009): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00280-009-1001-1.
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Mariani, Javier, Laura Antonietti, Carlos Tajer, León Ferder, Felipe Inserra, Milagro Sanchez Cunto, Diego Brosio et al. "High-dose vitamin D versus placebo to prevent complications in COVID-19 patients: Multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial". PLOS ONE 17, n. 5 (27 maggio 2022): e0267918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267918.
Abstract (sommario):
Background The role of oral vitamin D3 supplementation for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 remains to be determined. The study was aimed to evaluate whether vitamin D3 supplementation could prevent respiratory worsening among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods and findings We designed a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, sequential, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study was conducted in 17 second and third level hospitals, located in four provinces of Argentina, from 14 August 2020 to 22 June 2021. We enrolled 218 adult patients, hospitalized in general wards with SARS-CoV-2 confirmed infection, mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and risk factors for disease progression. Participants were randomized to a single oral dose of 500 000 IU of vitamin D3 or matching placebo. Randomization ratio was 1:1, with permuted blocks and stratified for study site, diabetes and age (≤60 vs >60 years). The primary outcome was the change in the respiratory Sepsis related Organ Failure Assessment score between baseline and the highest value recorded up to day 7. Secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay; intensive care unit admission; and in-hospital mortality. Overall, 115 participants were assigned to vitamin D3 and 105 to placebo (mean [SD] age, 59.1 [10.7] years; 103 [47.2%] women). There were no significant differences in the primary outcome between groups (median [IQR] 0.0 [0.0–1.0] vs 0.0 [0.0–1.0], for vitamin D3 and placebo, respectively; p = 0.925). Median [IQR] length of hospital stay was not significantly different between vitamin D3 group (6.0 [4.0–9.0] days) and placebo group (6.0 [4.0–10.0] days; p = 0.632). There were no significant differences for intensive care unit admissions (7.8% vs 10.7%; RR 0.73; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.70; p = 0.622), or in-hospital mortality (4.3% vs 1.9%; RR 2.24; 95% CI 0.44 to 11.29; p = 0.451). There were no significant differences in serious adverse events (vitamin D3 = 14.8%, placebo = 11.7%). Conclusions Among hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and risk factors, a single high oral dose of vitamin D3 as compared with placebo, did not prevent the respiratory worsening. Trial registration ClincicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04411446.
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Farmer, M., N. Baille, C. Doublet e R. Kojayan. "1 000 jours pour changer l’avenir : ces signes précoces de troubles du neurodéveloppement permettant une prise en charge précoce". Périnatalité 13, n. 2 (giugno 2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rmp-2021-0117.
Abstract (sommario):
Durant les 1 000 premiers jours de sa vie (270 jours de grossesse et 730 jours de vie), le foetus, le nouveau-né puis le nourrisson, doit se construire pour acquérir l’autonomie nécessaire à la vie, rien de moins. Il est possible d’identifier des signes annonciateurs de troubles du neurodéveloppement (TND) dans les premiers mois de vie, ce qui nous permet de mettre en place une prise en charge précoce avec l’espoir de diminuer les conséquences fonctionnelles du TND. Nous avons construit cette démarche de repérage précoce en différenciant trois sphères : la motricité, la sensorialité et les interactions afin de rechercher les drapeaux rouges. La consultation en neuropédiatrie organique conventionnelle, enrichie par l’étude des mouvements généraux, et la prise en compte de la psychodynamique familiale abordée par le pédopsychiatre mettent en perspective l’importance de la prise en compte des trois sphères chevillées aux particularités de l’environnement physique et humain de l’enfant.
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Stolz, Bernhard, e Philipp Kraus. "Ausschreibungspflichtigkeit von Verträgen zur Hausarztzentrierten Versorgung nach § 73b Abs. 4 S. 1 SGB V". Medizinrecht 28, n. 2 (febbraio 2010): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00350-009-2578-4.
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Anufriev, Sergei A., Maria V. Zakharova, Marina Yu Stogniy, Igor B. Sivaev e Vladimir I. Bregadze. "Novel sulfur containing derivatives of carboranes and metallacarboranes". Pure and Applied Chemistry 90, n. 4 (28 marzo 2018): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2017-0908.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractA series of newcloso- andnido-carborane based functional derivatives 1-X(CH2)nS-1,2-C2B10H11(X=COOH, N3, CH(NH2)COOH) and [7-X(CH2)nS-7,8-C2B9H11]−(X=COOH, N3, NH2, CH(NH2)COOH) was prepared by alkylation of 1-mercapto-ortho-carborane. Dialkylsulfonium derivatives ofnido-carborane 9-R(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11and 10-R(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11with boron-sulfur bond were prepared by alkylation of the corresponding methyl-carboranyl thioether. New types of intramolecular B–H···X and B–H···π(C≡C) interactions were found innido-carborane alkylmethyl sulfonium derivatives 9-XCH2S(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11and 10-RC≡CCH2S(Me)S-7,8-C2B9H11, respectively. Isomeric methylsulfide derivatives of transition metal bis(dicarbollide) complexes [X,Y-(MeS)2-3,3′-M(1,2-C2B9H10)2]−(M=Co, Fe) were prepared starting from the corresponding methylcarboranyl thioethers. The intramolecular CHcarb···S(Me)S hydrogen bonding between the dicarbollide ligands in cobalt bis(dicarbollide) complexes results in stabilization of definite rotational isomers –transoidin the case of the 8,8′-isomer andgauchein the case of the 4,4′- and 4,7′-isomers.
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Konecny, G., U. Breitkopf e A. Radtke. "THE STATUS OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING IN THE WORLD A UNGGIM–ISPRS PROJECT 2012–2015". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14 giugno 2016): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-737-2016.
Abstract (sommario):
In December 2011, UNGGIM initiated a cooperative project with ISPRS to resume the former UN Secretariat studies on the status of topographic mapping in the world, conducted between 1968 and 1986. After the design of a questionnaire with 27 questions, the UNGGIM Secretariat sent the questionnaires to the UN member states. 115 replies were received from the 193 member states and regions thereof. Regarding the global data coverage and age, the UN questionnaire survey was supplemented by data from the Eastview database. For each of the 27 questions, an interactive viewer was programmed permitting the analysis of the results. The authoritative data coverage at the various scale ranges has greatly increased between 1986 and 2012. Now, a 30 % 1 : 25 000 map data coverage and a 75 % 1 : 50 000 map data coverage has been completed. Nevertheless, there is still an updating problem, as data for some countries is 10 to 30 years old. Private Industry, with Google, Microsoft and Navigation system providers, have undertaken huge efforts to supplement authoritative mapping. For critical areas on the globe, MGCP committed to military mapping at 1 : 50 000. ISPRS has decided to make such surveys a sustainable issue by establishing a working group.
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Harada, Hisashi, Nastaran Heidari e Mark Hicks. "Obatoclax (GX15-070) Overcomes Glucocorticoid-Resistance In Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia through Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy". Blood 116, n. 21 (19 novembre 2010): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1809.1809.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Abstract 1809 Glucocorticoids (GC) are common components in many chemotherapeutic protocols for lymphoid/myeloid malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, patients often develop resistance to GC on relapse. Resistance to GC in ALL can be associated with defects in apoptosis machinery, but not in the GC receptor. Thus, targeting downstream molecules may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. GC-induced apoptosis is through the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathway. The BCL-2 family proteins are central regulatory proteins in this pathway. We hypothesized that targeting anti-apoptotic MCL-1 might be effective among the BCL-2 family proteins, since (1) we recognized that treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) in CCRF-CEM or Molt-4 T-ALL cells slightly induce MCL-1 and the expression level of MCL-1 is higher in Dex-resistant ALL cells compared with that in Dex-sensitive cells; (2) recent studies have demonstrated that increased expression of MCL-1 associates with GC resistance. In support of our hypothesis, down-regulation of MCL-1 by shRNA enhances Dex-induced cell death. We then pharmacologically inactivate MCL-1 function by GX15-070 (obatoclax), a BH3 mimetic small molecule that targets anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins including BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1. Treatment with GX15-070 in both Dex-sensitive and -resistant ALL cells shows effective growth inhibition and cell death. GX15-070 induces caspase-3 cleavage and increases Annexin V-positive population, indicative of apoptosis. Before the onset of apoptosis, GX15-070 induces LC3 conversion as well as p62 degradation, both of which are autophagic cell death markers. A pro-apoptotic molecule BAK is released from BAK/MCL-1 complex following GX15-070 treatment. Consistently, down-regulation of BAK reduces caspase-3 cleavage and cell death, but does not alter LC3 conversion. In contrast, down-regulation of ATG5, an autophagy regulator, decreases LC3 conversion and cell death, but does not alter caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that apoptosis and autophagy induced by GX15-070 are independently regulated. Down-regulation of Beclin-1, which is capable of crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy, affects GX15-070-induced cell death through apoptosis but not autophagy. Taken together, GX15-070 treatment in ALL could be an alternative regimen to overcome glucocorticoid resistance by inducing BAK-dependent apoptosis and ATG5-dependent autophagy. Enhanced anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein expression has been observed in several types of tumors. Targeting these proteins is therefore an attractive strategy for restoring the apoptosis process in tumor cells. Among the small molecule BCL-2 inhibitors, ABT-737 and its analog ABT-263 are the leading compounds currently in clinical development. However, these molecules have an affinity only with BCL-2 and BCL-XL, but not with MCL-1. Thus, ABT-737 can not be effective as a single agent therapeutic for ALL when MCL-1 is overexpressed. In contrast, GX15-070 can overcome the resistance conferred by high level of MCL-1. Our results suggest that GX15-070 could be useful as a single agent therapeutic against ALL and that the activity/expression of anti-apoptotic proteins could be a biomarker to determine the treatment strategy to ALL patients. (Supported by NIH R01CA134473 and the William Lawrence and Blanche Hughes Foundation) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
27
Motcho, K. H. "Croissance urbaine et insécurité dans la ville de Niamey". Geographica Helvetica 59, n. 3 (30 settembre 2004): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-59-199-2004.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Née de la colonisation, la ville de Niamey comptait 1 730 habitants en 1931 et plus de 15 000 en 1953, soit une croissance annuelle de 7%. A partir de 1970, ce taux augmente pour atteindre 10%. En 1988, la capitale du Niger comptait 400 000 habitants. Aujourd'hui, eile en comporte près de 700 000. L'extension de la ville a été tout aussi rapide: en 1970, Niamey couvrait 1 367 ha, alors que sa superficie atteint plus de 10 000 ha aujourd'hui. Cette urbanisation galopante pose avec acuité des problèmes de sécurité. Vols à la tire, cambriolages et braquages, contre lesquels les quelques fonctionnaires de la police sont impuissants, fönt aujourd'hui partie du vécu des Niaméens. Cette insécurité grandissante est malheureusement le résultat de deux facteurs principaux qui sont intimement liés: la paupérisation grandissante de la population et la faiblesse du mode d'encadrement des jeunes. La délinquance juvénile prend de plus en plus d'ampleur, comme en témoigne le très grand nombre d'enfants de la rue qui, à l'occasion, commettent de petits larcins ou, au pire, sont les indicateurs des grands délinquants.
28
Dong, J. X., X. S. Xie e R. G. Thompson. "The influence of sulfur on stress-rupture fracture in inconel 718 superalloys". Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 31, n. 9 (settembre 2000): 2135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-000-0131-1.
29
Coutiño-Estrada, Bulmaro, Alfonso Ramírez-Fonseca, Esteban Betanzos-Mendoza, Néstor Espinosa-Paz, Aurelio López-Luna, Robertony Camas-López, Manuel Grajales-Solís e Noel Gómez-Montiel. "‘INIFAP H-560’, HÍBRIDO DE MAÍZ PARA LAS REGIONES CÁLIDAS DE BUENA PRODUCTIVIDAD". Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 29, n. 3 (25 settembre 2006): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2006.3.271.
Abstract (sommario):
En el Estado de Chiapas se producen anualmente 1.9 millones de toneladas de grano de maíz (Zea mays L.), de las cuales 97 % dependen de las lluvias del temporal, con un rendimiento promedio de 1.8 t ha-1. Según Turrent et al. (1992), en la región tropical de clima cálido húmedo y subhúmedo de Chiapas existen 142 000 ha de temporal que pertenecen a la provincia agronómica de muy buena productividad, por tener suelos profundos, fértiles y mejor disponibilidad de lluvias. Esta superficie se localiza en los Distritos de Desarrollo Rural de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Villaflores, Comitán y Tapachula, principalmente, en donde los híbridos de maíz tienen un potencial de rendimiento de 6.4 t ha-1. Además hay 20 000 ha en los Distritos de Riego de San Gregorio, Cuxtepeques y Suchiate, en donde es factible obtener hasta 7.8 t ha-1.
30
Rincón, Carlos, Elsa Lucia Escalante Barrios, Sonia Suarez Enciso, Jesús Estrada, Marilyn Anturi Linero e Alejandra Herdénez. "Colombian retrospective study of the association between breastfeeding duration and eating behaviors". Journal of Childhood, Education & Society 1, n. 1 (17 febbraio 2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37291/2717638x.20201131.
Abstract (sommario):
The current retrospective cross-sectional study included 175 Colombian caregivers of children ranging between 24 and 59 months old (M=47.08, SD=7.08) enrolled in childcare centers located in the Caribbean region. 58% of the children are male, and all of them belong to low-income families. Breastfeeding duration ranged between children’s 0 to 37 months old (M=10.84, SD=8.48); 64 of them had exclusive breastfeeding for during their first 6 months (i.e., no fed with bottle). Results showed that the variance of Food Responsiveness explained by the model was 2% (R2=.02, F(3,161)=1.081, p=.359). Breastfeeding duration did not significantly predict Food Responsiveness (β=-.004, p=.219), as well as age (β=.004, p=.346) and gender (β=.056, p=.354) did not significantly explain the dependent variable. Likewise, Satiety Responsiveness variance was not explained by duration of breastfeeding (β=.002, p=.548), age (β=.003, p=.489), and gender (β=.040, p=.561). Overall, the explained variance was less than 1% (R2=.008, F(3,161)= .428, p=.733). Breastfeeding duration does not significantly change the child’s likelihood of being unhealthy (β=-.010, p=.616), while being male and getting older increase the odds of being healthy. Future directions and limitations are discussed.
31
Kong, Yu-Sik, Muralimohan Cheepu e Dong-Gyu Kim. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction-Welded and Post-Heat-Treated Inconel 718". Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 73, n. 6 (27 febbraio 2020): 1449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-01911-1.
32
Tchoumboué, J. "Note sur l’abattage des brebis gestantes et les pertes d’agneaux au Cameroun". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 41, n. 4 (1 aprile 1988): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8677.
Abstract (sommario):
Les pertes d’agneaux liées à l’abattage de brebis gestantes ont été évaluées entre 1984 et 1986 à l’abattoir de Yaoundé. Sur les 1 289 brebis examinées après l’abattage, 718 soit 55,7 % étaient en état de gravidité plus ou moins avancée. Les pertes sont de l’ordre de 1,3 agneau potentiel par brebis abattue, soit environ 20 000 agneaux sacrifiés annuellement en même temps que leur mère pour l’ensemble du pays.
33
Xie, Y. S., J. T. Arnason, B. J. R. Philogène, J. Atkinson e P. Morand. "Distribution and variation of hydroxamic acids and related compounds in maize (Zea mays) root system". Canadian Journal of Botany 69, n. 3 (1 marzo 1991): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-090.
Abstract (sommario):
The concentrations of hydroxamic acids and related compounds, 2, 4-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIM2BOA), 2-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (HMBOA), 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA), and 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (MBOA), in roots of 1- to 5-week-old maize plants were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest concentrations of DIM2BOA, HMBOA, and total related compounds were found in maize root extracts when maize roots were 2 weeks old and the maize plant was approximately 15 cm in height. The highest concentrations of DIMBOA equivalents were found in 4-week-old maize root extracts. The distribution of individual compounds in different tissues (cortex, stele, and complete organ) of various root parts (first set of nodal roots, secondary roots, primary root, mesocotyl, and adventitious roots from mesocotyl) was also determined. Hydroxamic acids and related compounds are concentrated in the cortex of all parts of maize roots determined except mesocotyl. The concentrations of total related compounds and all individual compounds except HMBOA in complete organ of nodal roots were significantly higher than any other parts of maize roots. The high concentrations of these substances in the cortex of maize root may be relevant in the resistance of maize varieties to subterranean pest insects. Key words: hydroxamic acids, 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones, maize, root system.
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Grey, I. E., J. Betterton, A. R. Kampf, C. M. Macrae, F. L. Shanks e J. R. Price. "Penberthycroftite, [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O, a second new hydrated aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, UK". Mineralogical Magazine 80, n. 7 (dicembre 2016): 1149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2016.080.069.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractPenberthycroftite, ideally [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O, is a new secondary aluminium arsenate mineral from the Penberthy Croft mine, St. Hilary, Cornwall, England, UK. It occurs as tufts of white, ultrathin (sub-micrometre) rectangular laths, with lateral dimensions generally < 20 μm. The laths are flattened on {010} and elongated on [100]. The mineral is associated with arsenopyrite, bettertonite, bulachite, cassiterite, chalcopyrite, chamosite, goethite, liskeardite, pharmacoalumite–pharmacosiderite and quartz. Penberthycroftite is translucent with a white streak and a vitreous to pearly lustre. The calculated density is 2.18 g/cm3. Optically, only the lower and upper refractive indices could be measured, 1.520(1) and 1.532(1) respectively. No pleochroism was observed. Electron microprobe analyses (average of 14) with H2O obtained from thermogravimetric analysis and analyses normalized to 100% gave Al2O3 = 31.3, Fe2O3 = 0.35, As2O5 = 34.1, SO3 = 2.15 and H2O = 32.1. The empirical formula, based on nine metal atoms and 26 framework anions is [Al5.96Fe0.04(As0.97Al0.03O4)3(SO4)0.26(OH)8.30(H2O)5.44](H2O)7.8, corresponding to the ideal formula [Al6(AsO4)3(OH)9(H2O)5]·8H2O. Penberthycroftite is monoclinic, space group P21/c with unit-cell dimensions (100 K): a = 7.753(2) Å, b = 24.679(5) Å, c = 15.679(3) Å and β = 94.19(3)°. The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dobs in Å(I) (hkl)] 13.264(46) (011); 12.402(16)(020); 9.732(100)(021); 7.420(28)(110); 5.670(8)(130); 5.423(6)(1̄31). The structure of penberthycroftite was solved using synchrotron single-crystal diffraction data and refined to wRobs = 0.059 for 1639 observed (I> 3σ(I)) reflections. Penberthycroftite has a heteropolyhedral layer structure, with the layers parallel to {010}. The layers are strongly undulating and their stacking produces large channels along [100] that are filled with water molecules. The layers are identical to those in bettertonite, but they are displaced relative to one another along [001] and [010] such that the interlayer volume is decreased markedly (by ∼10%)relative to that in bettertonite, with a corresponding reduction in the interlayer water content from 11 H2O per formula unit (pfu) in bettertonite to 8 H2O pfu in penberthycroftite.
35
Konecny, G., U. Breitkopf e A. Radtke. "THE STATUS OF TOPOGRAPHIC MAPPING IN THE WORLD A UNGGIM–ISPRS PROJECT 2012–2015". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (14 giugno 2016): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-737-2016.
Abstract (sommario):
In December 2011, UNGGIM initiated a cooperative project with ISPRS to resume the former UN Secretariat studies on the status of topographic mapping in the world, conducted between 1968 and 1986. After the design of a questionnaire with 27 questions, the UNGGIM Secretariat sent the questionnaires to the UN member states. 115 replies were received from the 193 member states and regions thereof. Regarding the global data coverage and age, the UN questionnaire survey was supplemented by data from the Eastview database. For each of the 27 questions, an interactive viewer was programmed permitting the analysis of the results. The authoritative data coverage at the various scale ranges has greatly increased between 1986 and 2012. Now, a 30 % 1 : 25 000 map data coverage and a 75 % 1 : 50 000 map data coverage has been completed. Nevertheless, there is still an updating problem, as data for some countries is 10 to 30 years old. Private Industry, with Google, Microsoft and Navigation system providers, have undertaken huge efforts to supplement authoritative mapping. For critical areas on the globe, MGCP committed to military mapping at 1 : 50 000. ISPRS has decided to make such surveys a sustainable issue by establishing a working group.
36
Whittall, Ian R., Mark G. Humphrey e David C. R. Hockless. "Structural Systematics of Metal Acetylide Complexes: X-Ray Studies of Some 'Extended-Chain' Gold σ-Acetylide Complexes". Australian Journal of Chemistry 50, n. 10 (1997): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97049.
Abstract (sommario):
The structures of Au(4-C≡CC6H4XYC6H4-4′-NO2)(PPh3) (XY = (E )-CH=CH (1), (Z)-CH=CH (2), C≡C (3), N=CH (4)) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, refining by full-matrix least-squares analysis. For (1), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a8·847(1), b 17·870(4), c 19·705(3) Å, α116·25(1), β 93·33(1), γ 92·64(2)˚, Z 4, 6747 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·025 and Rw 0·029. For (2), crystals are monoclinic, space group P 21/a, with a 10·718(6), b 19·398(5), c14·469(3) Å, β 108·96(2)˚, Z 4, 3295 unique reflections (352 parameters), converging atR 0·040 and Rw 0·034. For (3), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 10·671(4), b 17·599(7), c 18·220(8) Å, α 116·31(3), β 105·00(4), γ 95·08(4)˚, Z 4, 4828 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·043 and Rw 0·030. For (4), crystals are triclinic, space group P-1, with a 8·8314(6), b 17·834(2), c 20·001(2) Å, α 115·249(7), β 90·930(7), γ 94·082(7)˚, Z 4, 4724 unique reflections (703 parameters), converging at R 0·035 and Rw 0·034. Despite the [ligated metal donor]-bridge-[nitro acceptor] composition of these complexes, Au–C and C≡C distances are normal and consistent with minimal allenylidene contribution to the ground-state geometry. Within the 3σ confidence limits, the structural data do not provide evidence for π*-back-bonding in these complexes
37
Magnus, Dan, Santosh Bhatta e Julie Mytton. "432 Establishing injury surveillance in emergency departments in Nepal: epidemiology and burden of paediatric injuries". Emergency Medicine Journal 37, n. 12 (23 novembre 2020): 825.2–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj-2020-rcemabstracts.7.
Abstract (sommario):
Aims/Objectives/BackgroundGlobally, injuries cause more than 5 million deaths annually. Children and young people are a particularly vulnerable group and injuries are the leading cause of death in people aged 5–24 years globally and a leading cause of disability.In most low and middle-income countries where the majority of global child injury burden occurs, systems for routinely collecting injury data are limited. There is a continuing need for better data on childhood injuries and for injury surveillance.The aim of our study was to introduce a hospital-based injury surveillance tool – the first of its kind in Nepal and explore its feasibility. We undertook prospective collection of data on all injuries/trauma presenting to 2 hospital emergency departments to describe the epidemiology of paediatric hospital injury presentations and associated risk factors.Methods/DesignA new injury surveillance system for use in emergency departments in Nepal was designed and used to collect data on patients presenting with injuries. Data were collected prospectively in two hospitals 24 h a day over 12 months (April 2019 - March 2020) by trained data collectors using tablet computers.Abstract 432 Table 1Socio-demographic profile and characteristics of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020 (N=2696)CharacteristicsFrequencyGender Male 1778 Female 918 Age groups 0–4 years 653 5–9 years 866 10–14 years 680 15–17 years 497 Median year (IRQ) 8 (5 – 13) Ethnicity/caste Janajati 1384 Brahmin/Chhetri 892 Dalit 148 Madhesi 146 Muslim 74 Others 50 Unknown 2 Place where injury occurred Home/Compound 1576 Highway/road/street 636 School 233 Recreational area 138 Workplace 76 Other 37 Activities at the time injury occurred Leisure/Play 1889 Travelling (other than to/from school/work) 296 Work 202 Travelling (to/from school/work) 184 Education 42 Organised sports 11 Other 52 Unknown 20 Intent of injury Unintentional 2560 Intentional (self-harm) 61 Intentional (assault) 75 Unintentional (n=2560) Fall 912 Animal or insect related 728 Road traffic injury 356 Injured by a blunt force 201 Stabbed, cut or pierced 176 Fire, burn or scald 65 Poisoning 52 Suffocation/choking 36 Electrocution 12 Drowning and submersion 7 Other 13 Unknown 2 Self-harm (n=61) Poisoning 38 Hanging, strangulation, suffocation 12 Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 Injured by blunt object 4 Other 1 Assault (n=75) Bodily force (physical violence) 43 Injured by blunt object 18 Stabbed, cut or pierced 8 Pushing from a high place 2 Poisoning 2 Sexual assault 1 Other 1 Nature of injury (one most severe) Cuts, bites or open wound 1378 Bruise or superficial injury 383 Fracture 299 Sprain, strain or dislocation 243 Internal injury 124 Head Injury/Concussion 83 Burns 67 Other 115 Unknown 2 Not recorded 2 Severity of injury No apparent injury 125 Minor 1645 Moderate 813 Severe 111 Not recorded 2 Disposition Discharged 2317 Admitted to hospital 164 Transferred to another hospital 179 Died 21 Leave Against Medical Advice (LAMA) 11 Unknown 2 Not recorded 2 Note:Not recorded = missing cases95% CI calculated using one proportion test and normal approximation method in Minitab.Abstract 432 Table 2Distribution of injuries by age-group, sex and mechanism of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Age groups & Sex0 - 4 years5 - 9 years10–14 years15–17 yearsMaleFemaleTotalIntent & mechanismsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)Unintentional Fall 239 (26.2) 328 (36.0) 249 (27.3) 96 (10.5) 636 (69.7) 276 (30.3) 912 (100) Animal or insect related 175 (24.0) 260 (35.7) 190 (26.1) 103 (14.1) 470 (64.6) 258 (35.4) 728 (100) Road traffic injury 49 (13.8) 108 (30.3) 86 (24.2) 113 (31.7) 223 (62.6) 133 (37.4) 356 (100) Injured by a blunt force 54 (26.9) 74 (36.8) 49 (24.4) 24 (11.9) 150 (74.6) 51 (25.4) 201 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 20 (11.4) 56 (31.8) 49 (27.8) 51 (29.0) 127 (72.2) 49 (27.8) 176 (100) Fire, burn or scald 42 (64.6) 10 (15.4) 9 (13.8) 4 (6.2) 27 (41.5) 38 (58.5) 65 (100) Poisoning 33 (63.5) 6 (11.5) 5 (9.6) 8 (15.4) 26 (50.0) 26 (50.0) 52 (100) Suffocation/choking 24 (66.7) 5 (13.9) 2 (5.6) 5 (13.9) 20 (55.6) 16 (44.4) 36 (100) Electrocution 2 (15.7) 0 (0.0) 3 (25.0) 7 (58.3) 10 (83.3) 2 (16.7) 12 (100) Drowning and submersion 1 (14.3) 1 (14.3) 3 (42.9) 2 (28.6) 3 (42.9) 4 (57.1) 7 (100) Other 6 (46.2) 4 (30.8) 3 (23.1) 0 (0.0) 10 (76.9) 3 (23.1) 13 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) 2 (100) Total 647 (25.3) 852 (33.3) 648 (25.3) 413 (16.1) 1702 (66.5) 858 (33.5) 2560 (100) Self-harm Poisoning 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (15.8) 32 (84.2) 7 (18.4) 31 (81.6) 38 (100) Hanging 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (25.0) 9 (75.0) 4 (33.3) 8 (66.7) 12 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (33.3) 4 (66.7) 1 (16.7) 5 (83.3) 6 (100) Injured by blunt object 0 (0.0) 2 (50.0) 2 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) Other 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 0 (0.0) 2 (3.3) 13 (21.3) 46 (75.4) 17 (27.9) 44 (72.1) 61 (100) Assault Bodily force (physical violence) 3 (7.0) 1 (2.3) 11 (25.6) 28 (65.1) 37 (86.0) 6 (14.0) 43 (100) Injured by blunt object 2 (11.1) 8 (44.4) 4 (22.2) 4 (22.2) 13 (72.2) 5 (27.8) 18 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (25.0) 5 (62.5) 7 (87.5) 1 (12.5) 8 (100) Pushing from a high place 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 2 (100) Poisoning 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 1 (50.0) 2 (100) Sexual assault 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) Other 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) 1 (100) Total 6 (8.0) 12 (16.0) 19 (25.3) 38 (50.7) 59 (78.7) 16 (21.3) 75 (100) Abstract 432 Table 3Association of injury location, nature and severity with age among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Age groups0 – 4 years5 – 9 years10–14 years15–17 yearsTotalChi-SquareInjury characteristicsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)P valueLocation of injury sustained Home/Compound 537 (34.1) 504 (32.0) 319 (20.2) 216 (13.7) 1576 (100) <0.001 Highway/road/street 85 (13.4) 196 (30.8) 190 (29.9) 165 (25.9) 636 (100) School 15 (6.4) 107 (45.9) 85 (36.5) 26 (11.2) 233 (100) Recreational area 9 (6.5) 44 (31.9) 55 (39.9) 30 (21.7) 138 (100) Workplace 1 (1.3) 4 (5.3) 19 (25.0) 52 (68.4) 76 (100) Other 6 (16.2) 11 (29.7) 12 (32.4) 8 (21.6) 37 (100) Total 653 (24.2) 866 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2696 (100) Nature of injury Cuts, bites or open wound 328 (23.8) 506 (36.7) 314 (22.8) 230 (16.7) 1378 (100) <0.001 Bruise or superficial injury 81 (21.1) 99 (25.8) 118 (30.8) 85 (22.2) 383 (100) Fracture 48 (16.1) 101 (33.8) 112 (37.5) 38 (12.7) 299 (100) Sprain, strain or dislocation 48 (19.8) 78 (32.1) 72 (29.6) 45 (18.5) 243 (100) Internal injury 44 (35.5) 8 (6.5) 18 (14.5) 54 (43.5) 124 (100) Head Injury/Concussion 18 (21.7) 26 (31.3) 18 (21.7) 21 (25.3) 83 (100) Burns 42 (62.7) 9 (13.4) 10 (14.9) 6 (9.0) 67 (100) Other 41 (35.7) 38 (33.0) 18 (15.7) 18 (15.7) 115 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 652 (24.2) 865 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2694 (100) Severity of injury No apparent injury 39 (31.2) 45 (36.0) 26 (20.8) 15 (12.0) 125 (100) <0.001 Minor 419 (25.5) 535 (32.5) 406 (24.7) 285 (17.3) 1645 (100) Moderate 171 (21.0) 262 (32.2) 225 (27.7) 155 (19.1) 813 (100) Severe 23 (20.7) 23 (20.7) 23 (20.7) 42 (37.8) 111 (100) Total 652 (24.2) 865 (32.1) 680 (25.2) 497 (18.4) 2694 (100) Abstract 432 Table 4Association of injury location, nature and severity with sex among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020SexMaleFemaleTotalChi-SquareInjury characteristicsn (%)n (%)n (%)P valueLocation of injury sustained Home/Compound 979 (62.1) 597 (37.9) 1576 (100) <0.001 Highway/road/street 421 (66.2) 215 (33.8) 636 (100) School 176 (75.5) 57 (24.5) 233 (100) Recreational area 111 (80.4) 27 (19.6) 138 (100) Workplace 62 (81.6) 14 (18.4) 76 (100) Other 29 (78.4) 8 (21.6) 37 (100) Total 1778 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2696 (100) Nature of injury Cuts, bites or open wound 959 (69.6) 419 (30.4) 1378 (100) <0.001 Bruise or superficial injury 246 (64.2) 137 (35.8) 383 (100) Fracture 200 (66.9) 99 (33.1) 299 (100) Sprain, strain or dislocation 154 (63.4) 89 (36.6) 243 (100) Internal injury 50 (40.3) 74 (59.7) 124 (100) Head Injury/Concussion 59 (71.1) 24 (28.9) 83 (100) Burns 27 (40.3) 40 (59.7) 67 (100) Other 79 (68.7) 36 (31.3) 115 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 1776 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2694 (100) Severity of injury No apparent injury 81 (64.8) 44 (35.2) 125 (100) 0.048 Minor 1102 (67.0) 543 (33.0) 1645 (100) Moderate 533 (65.6) 280 (34.4) 813 (100) Severe 60 (54.1) 51 (45.9) 111 (100) Total 1776 (65.9) 918 (34.1) 2694 (100) Abstract 432 Table 5Distribution of injuries by outcome and mechanism of injury among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Outcome of injuryDischargedAdmittedTransferredDiedLAMAUnknownTotalIntent & mechanismsn (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)n (%)Unintentional Fall 787 (86.5) 65 (7.1) 53 (5.8) 0 (0.0) 4 (0.4) 1 (0.1) 910 (100) Animal/insect bite/sting 704 (96.7) 3 (0.4) 19 (2.6) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.1) 1 (0.1) 728 (100) Road traffic injury 260 (73.0) 47 (13.2) 44 (12.4) 5 (1.4) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 356 (100) Injured by a blunt force 190 (94.5) 4 (2.0) 6 (3.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.5) 0 (0.0) 201 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 165 (93.8) 8 (4.5) 3 (1.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 176 (100) Fire, burn or scald 52 (80.0) 12 (18.5) 1 (1.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 65 (100) Poisoning 30 (57.7) 4 (7.7) 16 (30.8) 1 (1.9) 1 (1.9) 0 (0.0) 52 (100) Suffocation/choking/asphyxia 24 (66.7) 4 (11.1) 6 (16.7) 1 (2.8) 1 (2.8) 0 (0.0) 36 (100) Electrocution 7 (58.3) 2 (16.7) 2 (16.7) 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (100) Drowning and submersion 4 (57.1) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 3 (42.9) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 7 (100) Other 12 (92.3) 1 (7.7) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 13 (100) Unknown 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Total 2237 (87.5) 150 (5.9) 150 (5.9) 11 (0.4) 8 (0.3) 2 (0.1) 2558 (100) Self-harm Poisoning 5 (13.2) 8 (21.1) 23 (60.5) 0 (0.0) 2 (5.3) 0 (0.0) 38 (100) Hanging 1 (8.3) 0 (0.0) 1 (8.3) 10 (83.3) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 12 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 6 (100) Injured by blunt object 4 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (100) Other 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 17 (27.9) 8 (13.1) 24 (39.3) 10 (16.4) 2 (3.3) 0 (0.0) 61 (100) Assault Bodily force (physical violence) 34 (79.1) 5 (11.6) 3 (7.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (2.3) 0 (0.0) 43 (100) Injured by blunt object 18 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 18 (100) Stabbed, cut or pierced 6 (75.0) 1 (12.5) 1 (12.5) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 8 (100) Pushing from a high place 2 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Poisoning 1 (50) 0 (0.0) 1 (50.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (100) Sexual assault 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Other 1 (100) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (100) Total 63 (84.0) 6 (8.0) 5 (6.7) 0 (0.0) 1 (1.3) 0 (0.0) 75 (100) Abstract 432 Figure 1Seasonal variation of injuries identified by the injury surveillance system over a year among children attending emergency of hospitals in Makwanpur district, Nepal, April 2019 – March 2020Results/ConclusionsThe total number of ED patients with injury in the study was 10,154.2,696 were patients aged <18 years. Most injuries in children were unintentional and over half of children presenting with injuries were <10 years of age. Falls, animal bites/stings and road traffic injuries accounted for nearly 75% of all injuries with some (drowning, poisonings and burns) under-represented. Over half of injuries were cuts, bites and open wounds. The next most common injury types were superficial injuries (14.2%); fractures (11.1%); sprains/dislocations (9.0%). Child mortality was 1%.This is the biggest prospective injury surveillance study in a low or middle country in recent years and supports the use of injury surveillance in Nepal for reducing child morbidity and mortality through improved data.CHILD PAPER: RESULTS SECTIONTotal number of ED patients: 33046Total number of ED patient with injury: 10154 (adult=7458 & children=2696)8.2% (n=2696) patients with injury were children aged <18 yearsHetauda hospital: 2274 (84.3%)Chure hill hospital: 422 (15.7%)
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Hari Krishna, E., Kartik Prasad, Vakil Singh e Vikas Kumar. "A comparative evaluation of low cycle fatigue behavior of conventional and modified INCONEL 718". Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 63, n. 2-3 (aprile 2010): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-010-0074-1.
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Thakur, Dinesh G., B. Ramamoorthy e L. Vijayaraghavan. "Investigation and optimization of lubrication parameters in high speed turning of superalloy Inconel 718". International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 50, n. 5-8 (19 febbraio 2010): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2538-1.
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Kim, In-Bo, e Dong-Wook Jung. "A Rotator Cuff Tear Concomitant With Shoulder Stiffness Is Associated With a Lower Retear Rate After 1-Stage Arthroscopic Surgery". American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, n. 8 (14 maggio 2018): 1909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518768813.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Few studies have reported on the radiological characteristics and repair integrity of coexistent rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and shoulder stiffness after simultaneous arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and capsular release. Purpose: To evaluate the radiological characteristics and repair integrity of 1-stage arthroscopic surgery of RCTs concomitant with shoulder stiffness. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Among patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of full-thickness RCTs, the stiff group underwent simultaneous capsular release for shoulder stiffness, and the nonstiff group had no stiffness. Symptom duration, prevalence of diabetes, tear size, tendon involvement (type 1, supraspinatus; type 2, supraspinatus and subscapularis; and type 3, supraspinatus and infraspinatus; type 4, supraspinatus, subscapularis, and infraspinatus), and fatty infiltration (Goutallier stages 0-4) were evaluated. A retear was appraised using magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical outcomes were assessed using range of motion, the Korean Shoulder Scoring System (KSS), and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. Results: The stiff group showed a significantly lower retear rate (1/39, 2.6%) than the nonstiff group (47/320, 14.7%) ( P = .043). There were significant differences in symptom duration (7.4 ± 6.6 vs 15.0 ± 23.7 months, respectively; P < .001), mediolateral tear size (18.9 ± 8.9 vs 24.1 ± 12.0 mm, respectively; P = .002), tendon involvement (94.9%, 5.1%, 0.0%, and 0.0% vs 85.3%, 6.9%, 7.8%, and 0.0%, respectively; P = .048), and fatty infiltration of the subscapularis (66.7%, 33.3%, 0.0%, 0.0%, and 0.0% vs 31.9%, 61.3%, 5.6%, 1.3%, and 0.0%, respectively; P < .001) and teres minor (74.4%, 20.5%, 5.1%, 0.0%, and 0.0% vs 47.2%, 48.8%, 3.8%, 0.0%, and 0.3%, respectively; P = .007) between the stiff and nonstiff groups. Preoperatively, the stiff group showed significantly worse forward flexion (95.9° ± 23.6° vs 147.7° ± 4.2°, respectively; P < .001), external rotation (17.4° ± 10.1° vs 51.6° ± 12.1°, respectively; P < .001), and internal rotation (L5 vs L2, respectively; P < .001) and lower KSS (52.1 ± 13.8 vs 66.3 ± 13.5, respectively; P < .001) and UCLA scores (18.7 ± 4.8 vs 22.5 ± 4.5, respectively; P < .001) than the nonstiff group. However, these differences became insignificant from 3 months postoperatively for forward flexion ( P > .05) and KSS ( P > .05) and UCLA scores ( P > .05), from 1 year postoperatively for external rotation ( P > .05), and at the last follow-up for internal rotation ( P > .05). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only mediolateral tear size (odds ratio, 1.043; P = .014) and type 2 tendon involvement (odds ratio, 4.493; P = .003) were independent predictors of a retear. Conclusion: RCTs concomitant with shoulder stiffness showed a smaller mediolateral tear size, anterosuperior tendon involvement, and less severe fatty infiltration preoperatively and better repair integrity postoperatively than RCTs without stiffness. Furthermore, the clinical outcomes and range of motion at final follow-up were similar between the 2 groups.
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Lynge, Thomas Hadberg, Jesper Svane, Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Gunnar Gislason, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Jytte Banner, Bjarke Risgaard, Bo Gregers Winkel e Jacob Tfelt-Hansen. "Sudden cardiac death among persons with diabetes aged 1–49 years: a 10-year nationwide study of 14 294 deaths in Denmark". European Heart Journal 41, n. 28 (17 dicembre 2019): 2699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz891.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Aims The aim of this study was to compare nationwide incidence rate (IR) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in persons aged 1–49 years with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results The study population consisted of all persons in Denmark aged 1–49 years in 2000–09, which equals 27.1 million person-years. All 14 294 deaths in the 10-year period were included. By using the highly descriptive Danish death certificates, 1698 cases of sudden and unexpected death were identified. Through review of autopsy reports, discharge summaries, and the Danish registries, we identified 1363 cases of SCD. The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was used to identify persons with type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Among the 14 294 decedents, there were 669 with DM, of which 118 suffered SCD (9% of all SCD), making SCD the leading cause of death among young persons with DM. Among those aged 1–35 years, the IR of SCD-DM was 21.9 per 100 000 person-years compared to 2.6 per 100 000 person-years among persons without DM [IR ratio 8.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–28.6]. Within the age range 36–49 years, the IR among persons with DM was 119.8 per 100 000 person-years compared to 19.7 per 100 000 person-years among persons without DM (IR ratio 6.1, 95% CI 4.7–7.8). Conclusion We found that young persons with DM aged 1–35 years had >8-fold higher SCD IR compared to young persons without DM. Our study highlights the need for early cardiovascular risk monitoring and assessment in young persons with DM.
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Owens, Joshua H., Lindsay Rotblatt, Jacob Fiala e Michael Marsiske. "1 Quantifying the Role of Social Determinants of Health in Racial Disparities". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (novembre 2023): 869–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561772301072x.
Abstract (sommario):
Objective:In the United States, Black individuals have suffered from 300 years of racism, bias, segregation and have been systematically and intentionally denied opportunities to accrue wealth. These disadvantages have resulted in disparities in health outcomes. Over the last decade there has been a growing interest in examining social determinants of health as upstream factors that lead to downstream health disparities. It is of vital importance to quantify the contribution of SDH factors to racial disparities in order to inform policy and social justice initiatives. This demonstration project uses years of education and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) to illustrate two methods of quantifying the role of a SDH in producing health disparities.Participants and Methods:The current study is a secondary data analysis of baseline data from a subset of the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database with neuroimaging data collected from 2002-2019. Participants were 997 cognitively diverse, Black and White (10.4% Black) individuals, aged 60-94 (mean=73.86, 56.5% female), mean education of 15.18 years (range= 0-23, SD=3.55). First, mediation, was conducted in the SEM framework using the R package lavaan. Black/White race was the independent variable, education was the mediator, WMH volume was the dependent variable, and age/sex were the covariates. Bootstrapped standard errors were calculated using 1000 iterations. The indirect effect was then divided by the total effect to determine the proportion of the total effect attributable to education. Second, a population attributable fraction (PAF) or the expected reduction in WMH if we eliminated low education and structural racism for which Black serves as a proxy was calculated. Two logistic regressions with dichotomous (median split) WMH as the dependent variable, first with low (less than high school) versus high education, and second with Black/White race added as predictors. Age/sex were covariates. PAF of education, and then of Black/White race controlling for education were obtained. Subsequently, a combined PAF was calculated.Results:In the lavaan model, the total effect of Black/White race on WMH was not significant (B=.040, se=.113, p=.246); however, Black/White race significantly predicted education (B= -.108, se=.390, p=.001) and education significantly predicted WMH burden (B=-.084, se=.008, p=.002). This resulted in a significant indirect effect (effect=.009, se=.014, p=.032). 22.6 % of the relationship between Black/White race and WMH was mediated by education. In the logistic models, the PAF of education was 5.3% and the additional PAF of Black/White race was 2.7%. The combined PAF of Black race and low education was 7.8%.Conclusions:From our mediation we can conclude that 22.6% of the relationship between Black/White race and WMH volume is explained by education. Our PAF analysis suggests that we could reduce 7.8% of the cases with high WMH burden if we eliminated low education and the structural racism for which Black serves as a proxy. This is an under estimation of the role that education and structural racism play in WMH burden due to our positively selected sample and crude measure of education. However, these methods can help researchers quantify the contribution of SDH to disparities in older adulthood and provide targets for policy change.
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И.В., РУКИН,, КАМАЛДИНОВ, Е.В., БАРСАМЯН, Р.Т., ЗМЕЕВ, Д.Д. e ПАНТЮХ, К.С. "THE FREEZING OF SAMPLES EFFECT ON THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING THE MAIN SELECTION PARAMETERS OF MILK". Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, n. 6 (26 dicembre 2022): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2022.73.60.008.
Abstract (sommario):
В 2-х экспериментах изучен уровень изменения основных параметров молока в процессе многократного замораживания и размораживания и длительного хранения проб молока при комнатной температуре. В течение 10 сут после отбора значение pH во всех образцах было выше 6,4, что свидетельствует об отсутствии процессов скисания в анализируемых пробах. Значение молочного жира при ежедневном замораживании и размораживании снизилось в обоих экспериментах: с 4,66% до 1,42% в 1-м и с 5,38% до 3,49% — во 2-м. Показатель количества соматических клеток уменьшался уже со 2-го дня и снизился в 4 раза (с 88 до 26 тыс./см3) и в 5,25 раза (с 1720 до 327 тыс./см3) в двух экспериментах. В опытах увеличилось содержание лактозы (на 0,12% в 1-м и 2-м экспериментах) и молочного белка (на 0,14% в 1-м и на 0,08% во 2-м). Пробы, хранившиеся при комнатной температуре, имели большую стабильность показателей лактозы и молочного белка. Количество соматических клеток снизилось в 4 раза (с 88 до 20 тыс./см3) и в 2,39 раза (с 1720 до 718 тыс./см3), а молочного жира — на 0,50% и 0,27% в двух экспериментах. Установлено, что причиной значительного снижения уровня молочного жира при одновременном увеличении процента лактозы и белка является разрушение жировых глобул молока. Количество соматических клеток в пробах предположительно снижается в связи с их механическим разрушением, причем замораживание и размораживание оказывает более губительное влияние на сохранение соматических клеток в молоке, чем хранение проб при комнатной температуре. Полученные результаты указывают на то, что селекционные пробы молока сохраняют свои физико-химические свойства только в первые 2 дня после взятия пробы и при однократной ее заморозке. In 2 experiments the changes of the milk main parameters during multiple freezing and unfreezing and long-term storage of milk samples at room temperature was studied. Within 10 days after sampling, the pH value in all samples was higher than 6.4, which indicates the absence of souring processes in the analyzed samples. The value of milk fat from daily freezing and unfreezing samples decreased in both experiments: from 4.66% to 1.42% in the 1st and from 5.38% to 3.49% in the 2nd. The number of somatic cells decreased from day 2 and was 4 times lower (from 88 000 to 26 000 cells/cm3) and 5.25 times lower (from 1 720 000 to 327 000 cells/ cm3) in both experiments. Lactose content increased in both experiments (by 0.12% in experiments 1 and 2) and milk protein increased in both experiments (by 0.14% in experiment 1 and 0.08% in experiment 2) too. Samples stored at room temperature showed greater stability of lactose and milk protein values, but somatic cell count and milk fat decreased significantly - 4-fold (from 88 000 to 20 000 cells/cm3) and 2.39-fold (from 1 720 000 to 718 000 cells/cm3) for somatic cell count and 0.50% and 0.27% for milk fat in two experiments. It was found that the reason for a significant decrease of milk fat with a simultaneous increase in the percentage of lactose and protein is the destruction of milk fat globules. The number of somatic cells in the samples presumably decreases due to their mechanical destruction, with freezing and unfreezing having a more detrimental effect on the preservation of somatic cells in milk than storing samples at room temperature. The results indicate that the milk samples retain their physicochemical properties only in the first 2 days after sampling and when it is frozen once.
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Jiang, M., L. C. Marr, E. J. Dunlea, S. C. Herndon, J. T. Jayne, C. E. Kolb, W. B. Knighton et al. "Mobile laboratory measurements of black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other vehicle emissions in Mexico City". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, n. 4 (25 agosto 2005): 7387–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-7387-2005.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of concern due to their effects on climate and health. The main goal of this research is to provide the first estimate of emissions of BC and particle-phase PAHs (PPAHs) from motor vehicles in Mexico City. The emissions of other pollutants including carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter of diameter 2.5 µm and less (PM2.5) are also estimated. As a part of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 (MCMA-2003), a mobile laboratory was driven throughout the city. The laboratory was equipped with a comprehensive suite of gas and particle analyzers, including an aethalometer that measured BC and a photoionization aerosol sensor that measured PPAHs. While driving through traffic, the mobile lab is continuously sampling exhaust plumes from the vehicles around it. We have developed a method of automatically identifying exhaust plumes, which are then used as the basis for calculation of fleet-average emission factors. In the approximately 75 h of on-road sampling during the field campaign, we have identified ~30 000 exhaust measurement points that represent a variety of vehicle types and driving conditions. The large sample provides a basis for estimating fleet-average emission factors and thus the emission inventory. Motor vehicles in the Mexico City area are estimated to emit 1700±200 metric tons BC, 57±6 tons PPAHs, 1 190 000±40 000 tons CO, 120 000±3000 tons NOx, 202 000±4000 tons VOCs, and 4400±400 tons PM2.5 per year, not including cold start emissions. The estimates for CO, NOx, and PPAHs may be low by up to 10% due to the slower response time of analyzers used to measure these species. Compared to the government's official motor vehicle emission inventory for the year 2002, the estimates for CO, NOx, VOCs, and PM2.5 are 38% lower, 23% lower, 7% higher, and 26% higher, respectively. The distributions of emission factors of BC, PPAHs, and PM2.5 are highly skewed, i.e. asymmetric, while those for benzene, measured as a surrogate for total VOCs, and NOx are less skewed. As a result, the total emissions of BC, PPAHs, and PM2.5 could be reduced by approximately 50% if the highest 20% of data points were removed, but ''super polluters'' are less influential on overall NOx and VOC emissions.
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Krasnov, V. P., O. V. Zhukovskyi e O. O. Orlov . "Вдосконалення методики відбору зразків деревини сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.) з метою визначення питомої активності 137 Cs". Forestry and Forest Melioration, n. 136 (25 giugno 2020): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33220/1026-3365.136.2020.126.
Abstract (sommario):
Досліджено розподіл 137Cs у деревині стовбура 80-річної сосни звичайної (Pinus sylvestris L.) у свіжих борах. Встановлено зменшення величини питомої активності 137Cs в деревині, яка сформувалася в ті самі роки, але на різній висоті. Так, величина цього показника в деревині 1997–1993 рр. утворення біля окоренка становила 4 730 ± 348 Бк·кг-1, на висоті 6 м – 3 510 ± 257 Бк·кг-1 (в 1,3 разу менше), на висоті 12 м – 3 330 ± 294 Бк·кг-1 (в 1,4 разу менше) і на висоті 22 м – 2870 ± 148 Бк·кг-1 (в 1,7 разу менше). Подібні закономірності відзначено і в деревині, яка утворилася в інші періоди спостереження: значення питомої активності 137Cs у них зменшуються з висотою. На всіх висотах стовбура в деревині, утвореній протягом 1997–1993 рр., визначено найбільші значення питомої активності радіонукліда; із заглибленням до ядра стовбура цей показник знижується. Біля окоренка величина показника в зовнішньому шарі (1997–1993 рр. утворення) становила 4 730 ± 348 Бк·кг-1, а в центрі стовбура (1923–1927 рр. утворення) – 1 000 ± 117 Бк·кг-1, що є в 4,7 разу меншим. Під час проведення радіоекологічних досліджень для визначення середньої питомої активності 137Cs в деревині стовбура рекомендовано відбирати зразки деревини через 1–2 м вздовж стовбура й визначити середнє з використанням усіх отриманих даних щодо цього показника на всіх висотах стовбура.
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Darna, Darna. "PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENDENGARKAN CERITA ANAK MELALUI MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL PADA SISWA KELAS I SDN 020 KUALU NENAS KECAMATAN TAMBANG KABUPATEN KAMPAR". JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan dan Pengajaran) 2, n. 2 (23 marzo 2018): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v2i2.5067.
Abstract (sommario):
This research is motivated by the low listening skill of class I students of SDN 020 Kualu Nenas KecamatanTambang Kabupaten Kampar. The purpose of this study is to improve children's listening skills through audiovisual media. This research was conducted at SDN 020 Kualu Nenas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar.The subjects of this study are the students of class I with the number of 28 people. This classroom actionresearch began to take place in early August 2016. This form of research is a classroom action research. Theinstrument of this research consisted of instrument of activity sheet of teacher and student and test of storylistening skill. Based on the results of research and data analysis can be concluded that the use of audio-visualmedia can improve the listening skills of children's stories students class I SDN 020 Kualu Nenas KecamatanTambang Kabupaten Kampar. This success is known from the average student skill score at the second meetingof the second cycle. Where in the initial data only obtained average value 66.8, at the meeting 1 cycle I obtainedan average of 72.3, at meeting 2 cycle I obtained an average of 73.8, at meeting 1 cycle II obtained an averageof 77, 1, at the second meeting of cycle II obtained an average of 83.6, while the completeness obtained by allstudents. This indicates that the audio-visual media can improve the listening skills of children's story grade ISDN 020 Kualu Nenas Kecamatan Tambang Kabupaten Kampar.
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Slama, C., C. Servant e G. Cizeron. "Aging of the Inconel 718 alloy between 500 and 750 °C". Journal of Materials Research 12, n. 9 (settembre 1997): 2298–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0306.
Abstract (sommario):
The aging of the NC 19 Fe Nb alloy (Inconel 718), previously quenched from 990 °C, is characterized by a hardness peak at 650 °C, then a maximum in hardness at about 750 °C. Over this temperature, the hardness progressively decreases. In the 550–650 °C temperature range, TEM observations have revealed that β (Ni3Nb) precipitates are formed as long platelets parallel between them within the same grain, as well as extremely fine γ′[Ni3(Ti, Al)] particles responsible for the observed improvement in hardness. For a tempering temperature higher than 650 °C, a first hardening occurs after a 4 h treatment, which has been associated with the γ′ phase precipitation, with a more or less spherical shape. Beyond this time, a second hardening takes place linked to the γ″ phase precipitation (Ni3Nb, bct D022 structure), as thin platelet shaped, perfectly coherent with the matrix. The misfit between the γ and γ″ phases is about 3% in the 〈001〉γ″ direction and lower than 1% in the 〈100〉γ″ and 〈010〉γ″ directions. During a longer aging at 750 °C, the γ″ platelets progressively dissolve while β precipitates grow.
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Reid, Ian R., Anne Horne, Barbara Mason, Ruth Ames, Usha Bava e Gregory D. Gamble. "Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Body Weight and Blood Pressure in Normal Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90, n. 7 (1 luglio 2005): 3824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-2205.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Context: Epidemiological data suggest that high calcium intakes are associated with decreased body weight and blood pressure. However, there is little evidence from randomized trials that addresses these important issues. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of calcium on body weight and blood pressure. Design: This is a substudy of an ongoing, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of calcium supplementation. End points were assessed at 30 months. Setting: This study was performed at a university medical center. Participants: Normal postmenopausal women (mean age, 74 yr; mean weight, 67 kg; mean blood pressure, 134/70 mm Hg at baseline) participated in this study. Intervention: Study subjects were treated with calcium (1 g/d; n = 732) and placebo (n = 739). Main Outcome Measures: Body weight and blood pressure were the main outcome measures. Results: Weight decreased by 368 ± 132 g (mean ± se) with calcium treatment and by 369 ± 134 g with placebo (P = 0.93). Fat and lean masses did not show an effect of calcium. Blood pressure showed transient reductions of 1–2 mm Hg at 6 months in the calcium group, resulting in a significant between-group difference only for systolic pressure (P = 0.048). At 30 months, the change from baseline in systolic pressure was 0.0 ± 0.9 mm Hg in the calcium group and 2.4 ± 0.9 mm Hg in the placebo group (P = 0.14). For diastolic pressures, the changes were −0.2 ± 0.4 and 0.8 ± 0.4 mm Hg, respectively (P = 0.13). In those with baseline calcium intakes less than 600 mg/d, the treatment effect was greater and did persist. Conclusions: Calcium supplementation of 1 g/d does not produce biologically significant effects on body weight, and its hypotensive effect is small and transient in most women.
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Oh, Seunghee A., Rachel E. Lim, Joseph W. Aroh, Andrew C. Chuang, Benjamin J. Gould, Joel V. Bernier, Niranjan Parab, Tao Sun, Robert M. Suter e Anthony D. Rollett. "Microscale Observation via High-Speed X-ray Diffraction of Alloy 718 During In Situ Laser Melting". JOM 73, n. 1 (17 novembre 2020): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04481-1.
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Figueroa-Parra, G., A. Y. Lujano Negrete, R. Moyeda Martinez, C. M. Gamboa-Alonso, D. Á. Galarza-Delgado e C. M. Skinner Taylor. "AB0624 COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT FRAX SCORES WITHOUT BONE MINERAL DENSITY FOR THE EVALUATION OF RISK FRACTURE IN MEXICAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19 maggio 2021): 1345.3–1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.4144.
Abstract (sommario):
Background:Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by compromised bone strength and deterioration of quality, often leading to fragility fractures(1). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the recommended test for OP screening(1). However, there are limitations to perform DXA on all patients, and the clinicians use screening tools to identify those patients with higher risk, like the FRAX score(2). Nevertheless, these scores have showed low to moderate correlation with DXA in RD patients(3).Objectives:To evaluate the fracture risk in RD patients, using different versions of FRAX scores without a bone mineral density (BMD) measure.Methods:An observational prospective study was performed at the Rheumatology Clinic in the University Hospital “Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez” in Monterrey, Mexico, between August and October 2020. Consecutive patients with a RD were evaluated as part of a “Bone Health Program”(3). Demographics and the risk factors included in FRAX tool was collected from ≥40 years-old patients; FRAX score was calculated online at https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/FRAX/ (algorithm for Mexicans). Four versions were calculated: 1) FRAX score without (w/o) BMD; 2) FRAX score with a T-score of -1.0 (w/Op); 3) FRAX score with a T-score of -2.5 (w/OP) and a FRAX score with positive previous fracture (Fx+). Then were classified as low (<10% for OP or <1% for hip), intermediate (10%-19% for OP or 1%-<3% for hip) and high risk (≥20% for OP or ≥3% for hip). Results are shown in means (SD) or frequency (%). A chi-square test was used to compare groups. Spearman’s correlation test (rho) was done between OP risk and Hip risk in each version of FRAX. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:One hundred and three patients were included, 93.2% were woman. The most frequent diagnosis was RA in 51.5% of patients, followed by osteoarthritis in 7.8%. 62.1% of patients had a previous BMD measured by DXA. 21.4% had history of previous fracture. 61.2% of patients were taking glucocorticoids. (Table 1). According to FRAX risk w/o BMD, 82 (79.6%) had low risk, 13 (12.6%) had intermediate risk, and 8 (7.8%) had high risk for OP. According to FRAX risk w/o BMD, 59 (57.3%) had low risk, 24 (23.3%) had intermediate risk, and 20 (19.4%) had high risk for hip fracture (Table 2). The correlations between OP risk and Hip risk in each version were as follow: FRAX w/o BMD (rho= .734, P= <.001) FRAX w/Op (rho= .308, P= .002); FRAX w/OP (rho= .476, P= <.001); FRAX with Fx+ (rho= .634, P= <.001).Conclusion:There is a wide variability among the different FRAX risk scores evaluated, and moderate to high correlation between the OP and Hip risk in patients with RD.References:[1]Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(11):818-839. doi:10.7326/M15-1361[2]Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(suppl 10):3924-3925[3]Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:1190-1191Table 1.FRAX score risk factorsN= 10395% C.I.Age, years, mean (SD)57.0 (9.56)55.1 – 58.9Female, n (%)96 (93.2)86.4 – 96.9Weight, kg, mean (SD)68.2 (14.88)65.3 – 71.2Height, cm, mean (SD)154.6 (6.73)153.3 – 155.9Previous Fracture, n (%)22 (21.4)14.5 – 30.3Parent Fractured Hip, n (%)12 (11.7)6.7 – 19.4Current Smoking, n (%)12 (11.7)6.7 – 19.4Glucocorticoids, n (%),63 (61.2)51.5 – 70.0Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%)53 (51.5)41.9 – 60.9Secondary osteoporosis, n (%)1 (1.0)0.0 – 5.8Alcohol use, n (%)1 (1.0)0.0 – 5.8Previous DXA, n (%)64 (62.1)52.5 – 70.9Disclosure of Interests:None declared.