Articoli di riviste sul tema "658.408 BOU"

An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the suitable temperature for efficient functioning of Effluent treatment plant. For this purpose different temperatures were maintained to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biological Oxygen Demand during anaerobic process. Experiments were carried out by maintaining the pH 6.8- 7.2 at laboratory level for 5 days. Different temperature ranges i.e. 250C, 300C, 350 C and 400 C were maintained throughout the experiments. Among these four temperatures 400 C had given good results in reducing the COD and BOD levels.

Green pods of the C. reginae orchid were collected from a bog near Ithaca, NY. Pods were surface sterilized, and seeds were plated on agar media. The 8 germination treatments were arrange in a complete 3 way factorial consisting of 2 basal media (fish emulsion, FE vs. yeast extract, YE), 2 media pHs (4.8, 6.8), and 2 temperature regimes (constant 24 C vs. 6 wks. at 5 C prior to transfer to 24 C). Sequential stages of development included embryo enlargement and rupture of the testa (l), root elongation (2), leaf primordium development (3) and finally rhizoid development with or without protocorm greening (4). After 4 months post sowing, germination (stage 1 or beyond) was 56% and 0% on FE at pH 4.8 and 6.8 respectively, and 45% and 78% on YE at pH 4.8 and 6.8 respectively. Protocorm development from unchilled seeds after 4 months was greatest on YE at the lower pH, with 14% reaching stage 3 or 4, as contrasted to only 5% reaching stage 2 (none beyond), for the other germinated treatments. Chilled seeds had higher germination for all treatments but no development beyond stage 1 at 4 months post sowing.

Pegagan merupakan bahan alami yang sudah sering digunakan sebagai bahan dasar kosmetik, salah satunya dalam memformulasikan sabun mandi cair sebagai bahan dasar ekstrak daun pegagan, tanaman ini megandung senyawa fitokimia alkaloid, saponin, tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid, glikosida asiatikosida. Senyawa tannin dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai anti oksidan yang dapat menangkap radikal bebas sehingga sangat bermanfaat bagi kulit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memformulasikan serta percobaan pada bentuk asli pada bukan sabun batangan berbahan dasar inti sari daun pegagan dengan penambahan minyak lavender sebagai pemberi aromaterapi. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dimana untuk setiap formula di variasikan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 5%, 7,5%, 10% kemudian dilanjutkan dengan ukuran rukunnya daam parameter uji bentuk sabun langsung mandi ngalir. Pengujian bentuknya terdiri dari empat formula dalam waktu 4 minggu yang lewat pengawasan uji organileptis, homogenitas, berat macam, uji pH, viskositas, naiknya busa, uji hedonik serta uji iritasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat Sabun cair memiliki bentuk, warna, bau yang stabil, tidak berubah dan tak ada percikan dalam hal ini bisa ditafsiri formulasi pada sabun mandi cair adalah homogen, bobot jenis dengan hasil sesuai yang disyaratkan SNI 06-4085 (1996), pH yang dihasilkan 6,8 ;6,7 ;6,4 ;6,5 memenuhi SNI 4085:2017,viskositas sesuai dengan SNI 06-4085 (1996) yang berkisar 400-4000 cps, tinggi busa yang memperlihatkan sabun paling bagus pada formula 3 dengan tinggi 15 cm, sedangkan pada uji hedonik sediaan sabun mandi cair dengan ekstrak 5 % lebih banyak di sukai oleh panelis, dan tidak mengalami iritasi pada kulit. Berdasarkan SNI 06-4085 (1996), adalah uji sensori, penelitian ini dapat menyimpulkan bahwa mutu sabun cair yang mengandung ekstrak pegagan memenuhi persyaratan sabun cair bermutu tinggi., homogenitas, bobot jenis, viskositas, tinggi busa dan uji pH dengan standart SNI 4085:2017.

Introduction: We compare the clinical efficacy of the new bougieinternal urethrectomy (BIU) with internal urethrotomy and urethroplasty to treat urethral stricture disease. Methods: We prospectively studied 186 people with urethral stricture disease. Of these, 84 were identified for urethroplasty and 102 for internal urethrotomy (endoscopic urethrotomy). Among the 84 identified for urethroplasty, 52 received BIU (Group 1) and the remaining 32 received urethroplasty. Among the 102 identified for internal urethrotomy, 58 received BIU (Group 2) and the remaining 44 received the internal urethrotomy. After surgery, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of the BIU (operative invasions, voiding flow rates, complications, sequelae) compared with the endoscopic treatment and urethroplasty.Results: Patient age ranged from 20 to 70 years. The follow-up period was 2 years. In the BIU Group 1, the BIU Group 2, and the internal urethrotomy (endoscopic treatment), the length of strictures were 2.9 ± 1.5, 2.8 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 0.7, and 1.5 ± 0.6, respectively. In the BIU Group 1, the urethroplasty, the BIU Group 2, and the internal urethrotomy (endoscopic treatment), the amount of bleeding was 34.1 ± 17.1, 172.2 ± 29.8, 28.5 ± 9.8, and 49.7 ± 13.6 mL, respectively. In the BIU Group 1, the urethroplasty, the BIU Group 2, and the internal urethrotomy, the recurrence rates were 5.8%, 86%, 6.8% and 25%, and the average flow rates were 18.1 ± 4.8, 13.1 ± 3.9, 18.2 ± 3.6, 10.1 ± 3.1 mL/s, respectively. There was no sequealae (sexual dysfunction, penile change) in both BIU groups.Conclusions: The new BIU could be considered first-line treatment in all patients with indications for visual internal urethrotomy and urethroplasty.

Title (Bahasa Indonesia): Mutu organoleptik dan TPC ikan cakalang [Katsuwonus pelamis, L] asap di Kota Jayapura, Papua. This study was aimed at knowing the smoked skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis, L) marketed in JayapuraMunicipality. Sampling sites were Youtefa market and Hamadi market. The organoleptic paramters observed were appearance,smell, taste, texture, and Total Plate Count (TPC). The TPC analysis used a quantitative dispersion method. Results showed that different smoking duration and temperature, and the use of poor-quality used wood caused differences in organoleptic value. The highest organoleptic value was smell, (6.8) from Youtefa marketand the lowest was appearance (6) from Hamadi market). The TPC analysis revealed that the highest TPC was the samples from Youtefa market in February and March (4.1 x 105 and 3 x 105) followed by those from Hamadi market in February (4.8 x 105). The lowest TPC was recorded in April (3.7 x 103) in samples from Youtefa market and Hamadi market in March and April (4.7 x 104and 7.8 x 104). High contamination occurred at each processing phase to marketing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian mutu ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis, L) asap yang dipasarkan di Kota Jayapura. Lokasi pengambilan sampel adalah Pasar Youtefa dan Pasar Hamadi. Mutu organoleptik yang diamati adalah kenampakan, bau, rasa, tekstur, dan mutu Total Plate Count (TPC). Analisis TPC menggunakan metode sebar yang bersifat kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pengasapan, suhu, dan penggunaan kayu bekas yang kurang baik menyebabkan perbedaan nilai organoleptik. Nilai organoleptik tertinggi adalah bau dengan nilai 6,8 (Pasar Youtefa) dan terendah adalah kenampakan dengan nilai 6 (Pasar Hamadi). Hasil analisis TPC menunjukkan bahwa jumlah nilai TPC tertinggi adalah sampel dari Pasar Youtefa pada bulan Februari dan Maret, (4,1x105 dan 3x105) diikuti Pasar Hamadi pada bulan Februari (4,8x105). Kemudian perolehan nilai TPC terendah pada bulan April (3,7x103) di Pasar Youtefa dan Pasar Hamadi bulan Maret dan April (4,7x104 dan 7,8x104). Tingginya kontaminasi terjadi pada setiap tahapan pengolahan sampai pada pemasaran.

Mo/Si bilayer thin films were grown by magnetron sputtering and applied to write-once blu-ray disc (BD-R). The microstructures and optical storage properties of Mo/Si bilayer were investigated. From the temperature dependence of reflectivity measurement, it was revealed that a phase change occurred in the range of 255–425°C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the as-deposited film possessed Mo polycrystalline phase. The hexagonal MoSi2and cubic Mo3Si phases appeared after annealing at 300 and 450°C, respectively. By measuring the optical reflectivity at a wavelength of 405 nm, the optical contrast of Mo/Si bilayer between as-deposited and 450°C-annealed states was evaluated to 25.8%. The optimum jitter value of 6.8% was obtained at 10.65 mW for 4× recording speed. The dynamic tests show that the Mo/Si bilayer has high potential in BD-R applications.

Introducción: El cáncer de próstata (CP) el segundo cáncer diagnosticado en hombres, con mayor incidencia a los 66 años. La obesidad, el tabaquismo, alcoholismo y antecedentes familiares de CP se han encontrado asociados al riesgo de metástasis. El objetivo del presente estudio fue medir la asociación entre factores y el estado metastásico en pacientes con CP en un centro único de referencia en Ecuador. Metodología: El presente estudio analítico, se realizó en el Hospital “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, en Guayaquil-Ecuador, en el período enero-diciembre del 2019. El cálculo muestral fue no probabilístico, tipo censo. Se incluyeron casos con CP. Las variables fueron: edad, PSA, escala de Gleason, presencia de metástasis, sintomatología, tabaquismo, obesidad y antecedentes. Se presenta Odds Ratio como medida de asociación con intervalo de confianza del 95% y valor P. Resultados: El estudio incluyó 363 pacientes, con edad promedio de 75.2 ± 9.6 años. El grupo con metástasis fue de 202 casos (55.65%). Metástasis ósea 32.5%, pulmonar 9.6%, ganglionar 8.8% y hepático 4.75%. En la sintomatología la más frecuente fue, disuria (44.4%); el 33.6% con polaquiuria, un 13.2% hematuria y 8.8% tenesmo. El estadio Gleason-9 OR=24.85 (IC 95% 1.47-419.8) P=0.0259. El nivel de PSA >19 ng/ml OR= 6.996 (IC 95% 2.68-18.29) P=0.0001. El tabaquismo OR=2.34 (IC 95% 1.52-3.60) P=0.0001. Fueron factores protectores el valor de PSA <19 ng/ml OR=0.082 (IC 95% 0.043-0.157) P<0.0001, acudir a consulta de Hipertensión arterial OR=0.33 (IC 95% 0.161-0.691) P=0.0032 y el estadío Gleason-6 OR=0.108 (IC 95% 0.0665-9.1736) P<0.0001. Conclusión: Los niveles de PSA >19 ng/ml y el estadio Gleason >9 se asocian a la presencia de metástasis en pacientes con CP. Recibido: Julio 14, 2022 Aceptado: Octubre 27, 2022 Publicado: Diciembre 2, 2022 Editor: Dra. Evelyn Valencia Espinoza. Introducción El cáncer de próstata es el segundo cáncer más diagnosticado en hombres alrededor del mundo, con mayor incidencia promedio a los 66 años [1]. En países desarrollados, el cáncer de próstata se diagnostica a edades más tempranas cuando este se confina a la glándula prostática, debido al uso del antígeno prostático específico (PSA) [2]. El antígeno prostático específico es proteína creada por el epitelio prostático, el cual, es específico de órgano, más no de cáncer, debido a que el mismo puede estar elevado en patologías como prostatitis, hiperplasia prostática benigna, entre otras. Sin embargo, es el mejor biomarcador hasta ahora para el diagnóstico temprano del cáncer de próstata. Según la American Academy of Family Physicians, se ha determinado que 3 de cada 10 hombres con elevado PSA, tienen un alto riesgo de sufrir de cáncer de próstata que va a depender de la edad y el nivel del PSA que se encuentre. Algunos estudios demuestran que las pruebas de rutina de PSA en hombres entre 55 a 66 años disminuyen la mortalidad por cáncer de próstata, de manera significativa. Sin embargo, la baja especificidad para Cáncer de Próstata de la prueba, hace que la interpretación de ella no sea concluyente [3]. La Escala de Gleason es un sistema de graduación que sirve, una vez establecido el diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata, para medir la agresividad histopatológica de la neoplasia [4]. Está plenamente establecido que la escala de Gleason, de acuerdo a los hallazgos histopatológicos del tumor, nos permite categorizar a los pacientes de una manera más precisa y de esta manera tener una idea clara del pronóstico de dicho paciente. Con estos antecedentes se estableció el objetivo de determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a metástasis en pacientes con cáncer de próstata en un centro de referencia regional en Guayaquil-Ecuador. Materiales y métodos Diseño del estudio El presente estudio es observacional-analítica. La fuente es retrospectiva. Área de estudio El estudio se realizó en el servicio de urología del Hospital de Especialidades “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo”, del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, en Guayaquil-Ecuador. El período de estudio fue del 1ro de Enero del 2019 hasta el 31 de diciembre del 2019. Universo y muestra El universo fue conformado por todos los pacientes registrados en la institución. El cálculo del tamaño muestral fue no probabilístico, tipo censo, en donde se incluyeron todos los casos incidentes en el período de estudio. Participantes Se incluyeron casos de pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata en quienes se contó con valoración de PSA y la escala de Gleason. Se excluyeron registros incompletos para el análisis. Variables Las variables fueron edad, PSA, escala de Gleason, presencia de metástasis, sintomatología, métodos diagnósticos. Procedimientos, técnicas e instrumentos. Los datos fueron recogidos de la historia clínica en un formulario diseñado exclusivamente para tal propósito. Los diagnósticos de CP se realizaron por punción aspiración por aguja fina (PAAF) guiada por ecografía. Las placas fueron leídas por Patólogos distintos. Se usó el sistema AS400 para la pesquisa de casos usando los diagnósticos codificados: C61. Evitación de sesgos Para garantizar la confiabilidad de la información los investigadores fueron entrenados sobre la recolección de los datos. Se usó una lista de doble chequeo para incluir los casos. Los datos fueron validados y curados por el investigador principal. Análisis estadístico Recopilada la información en una hoja electrónica Excel, se ingresó en una matriz de datos del software SPSS™ 22.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva en base a frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables cualitativas y para las cuantitativas medidas de tendencia central. Se presenta Odds Ratio como medida de asociación con intervalo de confianza del 95% y valor P. Resultados El estudio incluyó 363 pacientes. Caracterización clínica Fueron 363 pacientes, con edad promedio de 75.2 ± 9.6 años. La edad mínima fue de 49 años, y la máxima de 98 años. Los pacientes con metástasis fueron 202 casos (55.65%). Con respecto al lugar de diseminación metastásica, se encontró mayor predilección a desarrollar metástasis ósea en el 32.5% de los pacientes, seguido de metástasis pulmonar con el 9.6%, metástasis ganglionar con el 8.8% y a nivel hepático 4.75% de los casos. En la sintomatología la más frecuente fue, disuria con el 44.4%; el 33.6% con polaquiuria, un 13.2% hematuria y 8.8% tenesmo. El estudio más frecuente utilizado, fue el eco prostático, con un 42.7%; la tomografía 20.4%), gammagrafía prostática 25.6%, la resonancia magnética con el 11.3%. Factores clínicos El 44.4% de los pacientes padecía alcoholismo, el 27.5% presentaba tabaquismo, el 23.1% eran consumidores de carnes y lácteos; otros hábitos poco frecuentes se relacionaron con el 4.7%; 0.3% no refería ningún hábito de importancia. Dentro de los antecedentes patológicos se evidenció que, 54.5% de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares de Cáncer de próstata, 29.2% presentaba obesidad y sobrepeso, en tercer lugar, con 9.9% de los pacientes padecía de hipertensión arterial y entre otros antecedentes asociados tenían un porcentaje del 5.5% (Tabla 1). De la totalidad de los evaluados, el 45.2% tuvieron Gleason 6, mientras que aquellos con valores en la Escala de Gleason de 10, alcanzaban el 1.4%. La medición del riesgo se presenta en la tabla 1. Se constituyeron factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de metástasis el tabaquismo, y el estadío clínico Gleason 7, 8 y 9, los valores de PSA en rangos de 19-49 ng/ml, de 50 a 99 ng/ml y 100-299 ng/ml. Se establecieron como factores de protección estadísticamente significativos al antecedente personal de Hiperplasia prostática benigna, a la condición de hipertensión arterial, al estadio clínico Gleason 6, al valor de PSA <19 ng/ml (Tabla 1). Discusión Al comparar el presente estudio con investigaciones previas se constató que la edad constituye un factor de riesgo no modificable para padecer cáncer prostático, según el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer en Estados Unidos, en su programa estadístico de Vigilancia, Epidemiología y Resultados (SEER) entre los años 2015-2019 se encontró una mayor incidencia de casos en los pacientes que tenían entre 70-74 años de edad [5], así también lo describió el trabajo de Leitzmann et al, en los años correspondientes a 2000-2008 donde la incidencia comienza a aumentar desde los 40-44 años de edad para llegar a su pico máximo de 984.8 pacientes por cada 100.000 hombres con edades entre 70-74 años [6], similarmente en este estudio el mínimo de edad fue 49 años en la población con un máximo de 98 y un media de 75.15 respectivamente. En cuanto a la distribución de regiones anatómicas donde se suele presentar la metástasis en el cáncer prostático; en primer lugar se determinó a los huesos (84%) en segundo lugar a nódulos linfáticos distantes (10.6%) y hepático (10.2%) [7] según un estudio conducido por Gandaglia et al. lo cual en similitud a este estudio el sitio más frecuente fue a nivel óseo con un 32.5% de todos los pacientes, seguido de la metástasis pulmonar con 9.6% y ganglionar 8.8%. A su vez Auz y Brito (2018) encontraron en su investigación realizada en el Hospital Solca Núcleo de Quito-Ecuador que incluyó a 1713 pacientes donde el sitio más frecuente de metástasis fue el óseo en un 82.25%, seguido del ganglionar linfático con 7.05% y luego 2.8% a nivel pulmonar [8]. En lo que corresponde a los hábitos de los pacientes, un 44.4% de pacientes en este estudio consumía de alcohol regularmente, mientras que el 27.5% consumía tabaco y el 23.1% eran consumidores de carnes y lácteos, lo cual se contrasta con el estudio de Auz y Brito (2018) detallado anteriormente donde 31.1% de los pacientes consumían alcohol regularmente y el 28.3% de los pacientes consumían tabaco al momento de diagnóstico, no se midieron datos en relación al consumo de lácteos y carnes rojas [8]. Un factor de riesgo no modificable muy importante fue la presencia de antecedentes familiares de cáncer de próstata en este estudio con un 54.5% de los pacientes lo cual en el trabajo de Auz y Brito (2018) solamente 9% tuvieron antecedentes familiares de cáncer prostático y un 23.2% de otros tipos de cánceres [23]. Según Barber et al. en su estudio se identificó que pacientes con historia familiar de cáncer prostático únicamente, tienen un riesgo aumentado del 68% de padecer lo mismo (95% CI 1.53-1.83) y un 72% de enfermedad letal [9]. Así también lo describió Powell IJ (2011) en su publicación que dice que hombres con relativos de primer grado (Padre, hermano, hijo) tienen un riesgo de desarrollar cáncer prostático que es aproximadamente del doble a la población general [10]. En el presente estudio 29.2% de los pacientes presentaba sobrepeso y 9.9% de los pacientes padecía hipertensión arterial, así mismo en el estudio de Möller et al. se encontró que un IMC alto (26) en comparación a 20-22 a la edad de 21 años fue asociada con riesgo menor de cáncer prostático letal o avanzado y Gleason 7 [11], también se habla sobre que de los componentes del síndrome metabólico incluyendo la hipertensión arterial ninguno tiene relación con el desarrollo de cáncer prostático [10]. Dentro de los síntomas más frecuentes en esta investigación se encontraron la disuria con un 44.4% de todos los pacientes, le siguió la polaquiuria (33.6%) y finalmente la hematuria (13.2%). De manera similar el estudio de Birtle et al. llevado a cabo entre los años 2000-2001 con bases de datos de la Asociación Británica de Cirujano Urológicos determinó que de 33 pacientes con cáncer metastásico de próstata con PSA <10 ng/ml 51% se presentó con síntomas urinarios y/o dolor pélvico, 21% presentó dolor óseo, 18% retención urinaria y 10% caquexia y malasia [12]. En el presente estudio de la totalidad de pacientes, 45.2% de ellos tuvieron puntajes de Gleason de 6 y en menor medida con 1.4% de los pacientes puntajes de Gleason 10, esto se puede comparar con el estudio de Thomsen et al. donde se encontró que altos puntajes en la escala de Gleason se relacionaron a la presencia de metástasis, así en ese estudio los pacientes que presentaron metástasis a distancia según la escala TNM (M1), 41% tenía un puntaje de Gleason 5, mientras que solo el 3% tenía Gleason 1 [13]. El método de imagen más utilizado en este estudio fue el de la ecografía prostática con un 42.7% y en menor medida la resonancia magnética con el 11.3%. En la investigación de Huang et al. se encontró que el uso de la Resonancia Magnética con el sistema PI-RADS v2 fue el sistema más preciso para predecir la metástasis a nódulos linfáticos en la zona pélvica, los pacientes con PI-RADs <5 fueron asociados con un riesgo muy bajo de metástasis ganglionar [14]. La ecografía prostática 3D se demostró un 84% de sensibilidad y 96% de especificidad para identificar extensión tumoral extra capsular macroscópica y fue capaz de identificar a 14/16 diseminaciones a la vesícula seminal según Mitterberger et al. en el año 2008 [15]. Finalmente con respecto a valoraciones de PSA que se presentaron en los pacientes diagnosticados con cáncer de próstata, se pudo evidenciar, que el 100% de los pacientes con PSA mayor de 500 ng/ml tuvo metástasis, así como el grupo de pacientes con 300-499 ng/ml PSA, a diferencia del grupo con menos de 19 ng/ml PSA donde solo el 40.6% tuvo metástasis, lo cual se puede comparar al estudio de Thomsen et al. donde de los pacientes con más de 400 ng/ml, el 64.9% presentó metástasis, le sigue el grupo con valores de 200-399 ng/ml donde el 54% desarrolló metástasis y al final el grupo con menos de 19 ng/ml tuvo solo al 1.45% de pacientes con metástasis, podemos así deducir que el valor de PSA es directamente proporcional al riesgo de metástasis, sin embargo, recomendamos tomar en cuenta más factores de riesgos de manera conjunta para una evaluación integral del paciente [13]. Conclusiones En orden de importancia estadística los factores asociados a metástasis en cáncer prostático son el estadio clínico Gleason 9 y 8, Los niveles de PSA entre 50 a 299 ng/ml, y el tabaquismo. Fueron factores protectivos el antecedente clínico de Hiperplasia Prostática benigna, hipertensión y el nivel de PSA <19 ng/ml. Nota del Editor La Revista Oncología Ecu permanece neutral con respecto a los reclamos jurisdiccionales en mapas publicados y afiliaciones institucionales. Agradecimientos Los autores agradecen a todas las personas de la Institución que colaboraron en el desarrollo de esta investigación. Información administrativa Abreviaturas APP: antecedentes patológicos personales. APF: Antecedentes patológicos familiares. HPB: hiperplasia prostática benigna. Ca: Cáncer. PSA: Antígeno prostático específico. OR: Odds ratio. IC: intervalo de confianza Archivos Adicionales Ninguno declarado por los autores. Fondos Los autores no recibieron ningún tipo de reconocimiento económico por este trabajo de investigación. Disponibilidad de datos y materiales Existe la disponibilidad de datos bajo solicitud al autor de correspondencia. No se reportan otros materiales. Contribuciones de los autores Emily Gabriela Chimbo Acuña: conceptualización, validación, visualización, metodología, administración de proyecto, escritura: revisión y edición. Karen Gabriela Valverde Zambrano: conceptualización, curación de datos, análisis formal, adquisición de fondos, investigación, recursos, software, redacción - borrador original. Iván Altamirano: conceptualización, curación de datos, análisis formal, adquisición de fondos, investigación, recursos, software. Todos los autores leyeron y aprobaron la versión final del manuscrito. Aprobación del comité de ética No aplica a estudios de bases de datos o historias clínicas. Consentimiento para publicación El presente estudio es un análisis de base de datos, no aplica para este tipo de estudio. Referencias Professionals S-O. EAU Guidelines: Prostate Cancer [Internet]. [citado 20 de octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-cancer/#note_11 Barry MJ, Nelson JB. Patients Present with More Advanced Prostate Cancer since the USPSTF Screening Recommendations. J Urol. diciembre de 2015;194(6):1534-6. DOI: 1016/j.juro.2015.09.033 PMid: 26384450 Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Flanigan RC, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men. J Urol. mayo de 1994;151(5):1283-90. DOI: 1016/S0022-5347(17)35233-3 PMid: 7512659 Schröder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M, Denis LJ, Recker F, Berenguer A, Määttänen L, Bangma CH, Aus G, Villers A, Rebillard X, van der Kwast T, Blijenberg BG, Moss SM, de Koning HJ, Auvinen A; ERSPC Investigators. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1320-8. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810084. Epub 2009 Mar 18. PMID: 19297566. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) of the National Cancer Institute. Fast Stats: An interactive tool for access to SEER cancer statistics. Bethesda, MD: SEER, National Cancer Institute; nd. Available from: www.seer.cancer.gov/faststats. Leitzmann MF, Rohrmann S. Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: age, location, and behavioral correlates. Clin Epidemiol. 5 de enero de 2012;4:1 DOI: 2147/CLEP.S16747 PMid: 22291478 PMCid: PMC3490374 Gandaglia G, Abdollah F, Schiffmann J, Trudeau V, Shariat SF, Kim SP, et al. Distribution of metastatic sites in patients with prostate cancer: A population-based analysis. Prostate. febrero de 2014;74(2):210-6. DOI: 1002/pros.22742. PMid:24132735 Auz Fierro E, Brito Chasiluisa H. Factores relacionados con la supervivencia de pacientes con cancer de prostata en el hospital solca nucleo de quito durante el periodo 2003 - 2018. [Internet]. [Hospital Solca Nucleo de Quito]: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; 2018. Disponible en: 22000 Barber L, Gerke T, Markt SC, Peisch SF, Wilson KM, Ahearn T, et al. Family History of Breast or Prostate Cancer and Prostate Cancer Risk. Clinical Cancer Research. 1 de diciembre de 2018;24(23):5910-7. DOI: 1158/1078-0432.CCR-18-0370. PMid: 30082473 PMCid: PMC6279573 Powell IJ. The precise role of ethnicity and family history on aggressive prostate cancer: a review analysis. Arch Esp Urol. 2011 Oct;64(8):711-9. PMID: 22052754; PMCID: PMC3859428. Möller E, Wilson KM, Batista JL, Mucci LA, Bälter K, Giovannucci E. Body size across the life course and prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study: Body size and prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 15 de febrero de 2016;138(4):853-65. DOI: 1002/ijc.29842 PMid: 26355806 PMCid: PMC5042346 Birtle AJ, Freeman A, Masters JRW, Payne HA, Harland SJ, BAUS Section of Oncology Cancer Registry. Clinical features of patients who present with metastatic prostate carcinoma and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels < 10 ng/mL: the «PSA negative» patients. Cancer. 1 de diciembre de 2003;98(11):2362-7. DOI: 1002/cncr.11821 PMid: 14635070 Thomsen FB, Westerberg M, Garmo H, Robinson D, Holmberg L, Ulmert HD, et al. Prediction of metastatic prostate cancer by prostate-specific antigen in combination with T stage and Gleason Grade: Nationwide, population-based register study. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0228447. DOI: 1371/journal.pone.0228447 PMid: 31995611 PMCid: PMC6988964 Huang C, Song G, Wang H, Lin Z, Wang H, Ji G, et al. Preoperative PI-RADS Version 2 scores helps improve accuracy of clinical nomograms for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis at radical prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. marzo de 2020;23(1):116-26 DOI: 1038/s41391-019-0164-z PMid: 31383954 Mitterberger M, Pinggera GM, Pallwein L, Gradl J, Frauscher F, Bartsch G, et al. The value of three-dimensional transrectal ultrasonography in staging prostate cancer. BJU Int. julio de 2007;100(1):47-50. DOI: 1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06845.x PMid: 17433033.

Rapid industrialization affects the environment in different ways through indiscriminate disposal of large amount of wastewater into the surrounding water bodies thereby causing serious problems to the environment. This study was conducted to assess the suitability of the ricemill wastewater being discharged into River Benue. Wastewater was sampled from point of discharge (sampling point A) and 20 meters away from the final entry into river Benue (sampling point B). Standardized methods were employed to analyze biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), total heterotrophic count (THC), nitrate, phosphate, sulphate and pH in the sampled wastewater. Results were generated and compared with permissible standards Results generated from the analyses indicate that in sampling point A, pH ranged from 4.28 to 5.23, TDS ranged from 1478 - 1615 mg/L while THC ranged from1540 - 1600 cfu/ml. In point B, (BOD) ranged from 4.8 - 3.6 mg/L, (COD) ranged from 4.1 - 3.1mg/L, (TDS) 586 - 348mg/L, (THC) 608 - 512 cfu/ml and pH 7.32 - 6.43. Considering these results, (TDS), (THC), nitrate and THC were above permissible limits of World Health Organisation (WHO) and National Environmental standards and regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) respectively. Owing to these results, treatment measures and regulatory policies are suggested with a view to checkmating the abuse of river Benue through indiscriminate disposal of wastewater so as to avert imminent dangers it might likely pose to aquatic ecological system.

Flax shives – waste generated during the primary processing of flax in the textile industry, make up 70% of the total mass of oil flax stalks. The results of an experimental study of the thermal processing of oil flax bonfires by the method of slow conductive pyrolysis in the temperature range of 400–650 °C are presented. An experimental bench for thermal decomposition of flax fire and activation of carbon residue by superheated water vapor is presented. The required temperature regimes of pyrogenetic decomposition were established, which are in the range of 500–600 °C. An analysis of the physicochemical properties of experimental samples of biochar obtained by pyrogenetic decomposition of flax fires has been carried out. At low temperatures of 400–430 °C, the specific gravity of carbon is in the range of 80–82%. Under temperature conditions of 500–600 °C, the specific gravity of carbon was 91–93%. At higher temperature conditions, the yield of gaseous products increases, and the ash content in the solid carbonaceous residue increases. The modes of steam activation of biochar from flax fires have been established, so to achieve the best sorption values, water vapor should be at a temperature of 900 °C. A comparative analysis of the sorption abilities of experimentally obtained activated carbon with BAU-A activated carbon is given. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that the activated carbon from the fire of flax corresponds to the parameters of GOST 6217-74.

This paper presents selected results from efforts to date organic matter taken from deposits of three landslides in Poland’s Gorce Mts. i.e. the ones located below the Jaworzyna Kamienicka, Kudłoń and Góra Gębowa peaks. The material for dating was taken from two landslide peat bogs and one closed depression filled with mineral deposits. The ranges of the individual landslides were analysed by reference to a detailed terrain model as well as geophysical tests, while the organic samples collected were 14C radiocarbon-dated. The borehole drilled in the landslide below Jaworzyna Kamienicka reaches a depth of 2.2 m. It was from that profile that samples for 14C radiocarbon-dating, as well as palaeobotanical and geochemical study, were taken. The oldest deposits on the floor part of the peatland were dated to 8060±100 BP (8949 cal BP). The first level of gravels mixed with so-called organic chaff was dated to 7950±80 BP (8802 cal BP) and is deposited directly beneath a layer of peats dated to 75600±100 BP (8366 cal BP). Another important layer is of gravel and fragments of wood, 9 cm thick, deposited at a level dated to 3999±60 BP (4517 cal BP). Three boreholes were drilled in the peat bog below Kudłoń, with the oldest peat deposits at this site are dated to 5430±70 BP (6002 cal BP), and situated at a depth of 100‑80 cm. In the other two places deposits in the floor profile were dated to 3010±60 BP and 400±60 BP. No mineral levels nor levels with a high share of mineral parts were found. Into the landslide below Góra Gębowa eight boreholes were made within a closed depression filled with mineral deposits. A fragment of wood taken from borehole 5 at a depth of 2.2 m was dated to 8850±100 BP (9739 cal BP), while one from a depth of 1 m is associated with a date of 8070±100 BP (8959 cal BP). In turn, the floor of borehole 6, at a depth of 2.1 m was the source for a wood sample of determined age equal to 8440±110 BP (9329 cal BP). The oldest deposits in the Gorce Mts. are of a fen character and area aged 9500 ± 90 BP (11 143‑10 653 cal BP). They come from the Turbacz Range. The next landslide phase is confirmed by wood fragments from the landslide below Góra Gębowa (8850±100 BP, 9739 cal BP), and could also be linked with rise of C. avellana within forest structure, as well as with the period of intense mineral-material deposition reported from four places in Makowski Beskid Mts. A following phase of landslide formation is confirmed by data from Jaworzyna Kamienicka (8060±100 BP, 8949 cal BP) and Lake Zawadowskie (7947‑7685 cal BP, Buczek, 2019), and represents the effect of the increased humidity and cooling of the climate reported from the Western Carpathians by many researchers. The oldest deposits from the peat bog below Kudłoń date to 5430±70 BP (6002 cal BP). Such a result is consistent with the increase in organic matter in Lake Zawadowskie in this period (5420± 60 BP). The traces from that period recorded by Buczek (2019), and the dating of deposits beneath Kudłoń, may both indicate that a period 6.0‑5.5 ka cal BP was the next one in which morphogenetic activity in the Gorce Mts. increased. The formation of the Lelonek landslide (401 ±70 BP) could be treated as evidence of a next landslide-creation phase (Buczek, 2019) also gaining confirmation from Margielewski (2018). There is also a gravel-wood level in the core from Jaworzyna Kamiecka dated at 3999±60 BP; 4517 cal BP. Kołaczek et al. (2020) noted a major change of forest structure with increases of A. alba, F. sylvatica and C. betulus at ~4.0 ka BP (~4.5 ka cal BP). This attests to the period in question being one characterized by a high level of landslide activity. Comparison of all the latest data from the region in question sustains the conclusion that ~11.1 ka cal BP, ~9.7 cal BP, 8.6‑8.0 cal BP, ~6,0 cal BP and ~4.5 ka cal BP, 3.3‑2.5 cal BP and 1.75‑1.35 cal BP are all periods associated with intensified Holocene landslide movements in the Gorce Mountains.

BackgroundThe ChAdOx1, Coronavac, BNT162B2 and Janssen vaccines are available for the primary and booster immunization of immunosuppressed patients. However, there are few studies in the literature that assess the immunogenicity and safety of the different platforms COVID-19 vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID).ObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity through anti-spike IgG antibodies 28 days after the booster dose in the heterologous boost groups compared with homologous regimen of the vaccine against COVID-19 in patients with AID.MethodsThese data are from SAFER study: “Safety and efficacy on Covid-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Disease”, a multicentric prospective phase IV study, in real life, in Brazil, started on May 2021. Data from this analysis were from 8 centers, from all Brazilian areas, after 2 or 3 doses of vaccine against COVID-19 in patients with AID age ≥ 18 years. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, previous severe adverse events (AE) to any vaccine or other imunosuppression causes. Demographics, diagnoses and therapeutic regimens were collected via participant report through the Research Electronic Data Capture tool. Available vaccines were adenoviral vectored vaccine (ChAdOx1, Astrazeneca and Ad26.COV2-S, Janssen), mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2, Pfizer–BioNTech) or inactivated SARS-COV-2 vaccine (Coronavac). Participants were followed up by means of blood collection for measurement of IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by chemiluminescence (SARS-CoV-2-IgG-II Quant assay, Abbott-Laboratories) at baseline and 28 days after the first, 2nd and 3rd doses. The seropositivity was defined for titers IgG-Spike ≥7.1 BAU/mL. The ANOVA, the post-hoc Tukey and pairwise comparisons tests were used to compare the IgG-S titles between the groups. An alpha level of 5% significance was used in all analyses.ResultsA total of 1096 participants were included and followed from the first dose. 709 patients AID received the complete 3-dose regimen: systemic lupus erythematosus (N=238, 33.6%), rheumatoid arthritis (N=143, 20.2%), spondyloarthritis (N=96, 13.5%), primary Sjögren’s syndrome (N=56, 7.9),), inflammatory bowel disease (N=50, 7,1%), vasculitis (N=31, 4.4%), systemic sclerosis (N=25, 3.5%), Behçet syndrome (N= 19, 2.7%) myositis (N= 12, 1.7%), other systemic AID (N= 39, 5.5%). Mean age was 41.59 (12.2), female N=556, (78.4%) and admixed race (N=370, 52.2%). Primary immunization was performed with Coronavac in 265 (37.4%), ChAdOx1 in 403 (56.8%) and Pfizer in 41 (5.8%) AID patients. After the 2nd dose (28 days), the booster was performed with Coronavac (N=10, 1.4%), ChAdOx1 (N=226, 31.9%), Pfizer (N=464, 65.4%) and Janssen (N=9, 1.3%). Anti-spike IgG antibodies were analyzed in the 657 patients who received the three doses. All patients had a substantial increase in IgG antibody concentrations 28dy after the booster vaccine with median 275.9 BAU/ml (88.8 - 1000.9) vs. 1217.2 (402.3 - 3213.7) booster vaccine. All heterologous regimens (N=515) had anti-spike IgG responses at day 28 that were superior to homologous booster (N=194) with median titers 1596.5 (543.9-3769.4) vs. 620.3 BAU/mL (180.3-1987.0), p<0.001 (figure 1). The seropositivity rates were higher and similar in both groups (Heterologous 98.4% vs. Homologous 95.9%, p=0.07).ConclusionAll vaccines administered as third dose induced an increase in IgG-S titers antibodies, which could improve protection against COVID-19 in AID patients. Heterologous booster vaccination produced greater humoral immune responses than homologous booster, which is relevant in this immunosuppressed population.Reference[1]Machado PM et al. Safety of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: results from the EULAR Coronavirus Vaccine (COVAX) physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(5):695- 709.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.

AbstractNolzeite, Na(Mn,□)2[Si3(B,Si)O9(OH)2]·2H2O, is a new mineral found in altered sodalite syenite at the Poudrette quarry, La Vallée-du-Richelieu, Montérégie (formerly Rouville County), Québec, Canada. Crystals are colourless to pale green and are acicular with average dimensions of 5 μm × 8 μm × 55 μm. They occur as radiating to loose, randomly oriented groupings within vugs associated with aegirine, nepheline, sodalite, eudialyte-group minerals, analcime, natron, pyrrhotite, catapleiite, steedeite and the unidentified mineral, UK80. Nolzeite is non-pleochroic, biaxial, with nmin = 1.616(2) and nmax = 1.636(2) and has a positive elongation. The average of six chemical analyses gave the empirical formula: Na1.04(Mn1.69□0.24Fe0.05Ca0.02)∑=2.00(Si2.96S0.04)∑=3.00(B0.70Si0.30)∑=1.00O9(OH)2·2H2O based on 13 anions. The Raman spectrum shows six distinct bands occurring at ∼3600–3300 cm–1 and 1600–1500 cm–1 (O–H and H–O–H bending), 1300–1200 cm–1 (B–OH bending), 1030–800 cm–1 (Si–O–Si stretching) as well as 700–500 cm–1 and 400–50 cm–1 (Mn–O and Na–O bonding, respectively). The FTIR spectrum for nolzeite shows bands at ∼2800 –3600 cm–1(O–H) stretching, a moderately sharp band at 1631 cm –1(H–O–H) bending, strong, sharp bands at ∼650 –700 cm–1, ∼800 –840 cm–1, and ∼900–1100 cm–1(Si–O and B –O) bonds. Nolzeite is triclinic, crystallizing in space group P with a = 6.894(1), b = 7.632(2), c = 11.017(2) Å, α= 108.39(3), β= 99.03, γ = 103.05(3)°, V = 519.27 Å3, and Z = 2. The crystal structure was refined to R = 12.37% and wR2 = 31.07% for 1361 reflections (Fo > 4σFo). It is based on chains of tetrahedra with a periodicity of three (i.e. a dreier chain) consisting of three symmetrically independent SiO4 tetrahedra forming C-shaped clusters closed by BO2(OH)2 tetrahedra, producing single loop-branched dreier borosilicate chains. The chains are linked through shared corners to double chains of edge-sharing MnO5(OH) octahedra. Nolzeite is a chain silicate closely related to steedeite and members of the sérandite–pectolite series. Paragenetically, nolzeite is late-stage, probably forming under alkaline conditions and over a narrow range of low pressures and temperatures.

Abstract Abstract 3896 Poster Board III-832 We previously reported the finding of significantly raised levels of mature microRNA 16 (miR-16) in CD34+ cells from PV patients (pts) (Guglielmelli P et al, ASH 2008, 179A). Mature miR-16 can derive from both miR-16-1 at chr13q14.3 and miR-16-2 at chr3q26.1, which differ in their precursor miRNA (pre-miR) sequence. To distinguish between either genes as a source of increased miR-16 levels we quantified each pre-miR in PV CD34+; we observed that the premiR-16-1/16-2 ratio decreased from 1.47± 2.38 in controls (ctr) to 0.52± 0.34 in PV (P<.001). To confirm the preferential expression of miR-16-2 we knocked-down miR-16-1 or miR-16-2 using specific siRNAs; in PV CD34+ treated with miR16-2 siRNA the miR-16 levels were 90±9% lower than in scramble-treated cells while miR16-1 siRNA caused only a 10±3% reduction (P <.01). Levels of miR-16 in PV CD34+ were not correlated to the JAK2V671F burden; also, there was no modification of miR-16 in JAK2V617F mutant HEL or UKE-1 cells after treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor AZD1480. These data suggested that the abnormally increased mature miR-16 in PV are largely derived from miR-16-2. To address underlying mechanisms we performed direct sequencing at the miR-16-1 and miR-16-2 regions without detecting sequence abnormalities; also we excluded gene copy number changes (SNP 6.0 array). The promoter of miR16-2 is not characterized yet, but recent data suggest that it might be the same of the structural maintenance of chromosomes-4 (SMC4) gene, to which miR16-2 is intronic. We have found a significant correlation between miR-16 and SMC4 mRNA levels in PV CD34+ (R=0.77, P<.001); furthermore, after induced erythroid differentiation of normal CD34+ a concurrent increase of miR-16 and SMC4 mRNA was observed, indirectly supporting a shared regulatory control. Methylation-specific PCR and sequencing at upstream CpG-rich regions discovered that PV patients had unmethylated CpGs compared to control cells, suggesting that methylation may concur to miR-16-2 regulated expression. To evaluate involvement of miR16 in abnormal erythropoiesis of PV, we first analyzed the kinetics of miR-16 during erythroid differentiation of CD34+. Levels of miR-16 steadily increased from day 6, when progenitors were switched from proliferative to differentiative phase, up to day 12-14 and, at any time point considered, those measured in PV cells were significantly greater than in ctrs (P= .01). Also, a time-dependent increase of miR16 paralleling the transcription of beta-globin mRNA was observed in hydroxyurea or Na-butyrate treated K562 cells. Then we over-expressed (Amaxa) mature miR16 in normal CD34+ at day 6 of culture, and found that the percentage of CD36+/GPA+ cells increased from 13.6±4.8% in scramble to 28.8±11.3% (P<.05); notably, even in the absence of EPO, some GPA+ cells were generated from miR-16-transduced CD34+. Furthermore, normal CD34+ cells transfected with miR-16 produced significantly increased number of CFU-e and BFU-E (174±100 and 1283±250/103 CD34+) compared to scramble cells (105±90 and 733±90; P<.01) while myeloid colonies were unchanged. A genome-wide expression profiling in normal CD34+ transfected with miR-16-2 siRNA discovered 618 genes significantly de-regulated, among which genes involved in erythroid differentiation such as NFE2, MYB, FGFR2, HLF, GATA-1 and globin family genes (HBA1, HBA2, HBB). Overall, these data support a role of miR-16 in normal erythropoiesis. In case of PV we employed a knock-down strategy using either pre-miR-16-1 or pre-miR-16-2 siRNAs. The use of miR-16-2 siRNA resulted in significant reduction of Epo-independent erythroid colonies (EEC) from GFP-sorted CD34+ cells (60±18% lower than scramble) while no change was observed in cell treated with anti-miR-16-1. These data were confirmed in independent experiments using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC): the number of EEC decreased from 207±20 to 170±23 to 95±25/105 MNC in cells transduced with scramble, anti miR-16-1 or miR-16-2, respectively (P<.01 for miR-16-2 vs others). Also the number of BFU-E generated in cytokine-supplemented cultures of PV MNC was significantly reduced by miR-16-2 siRNA (360±80) compared to cells transduced with scramble (540±120) or miR-16-1 (500±87) (P<.001). In summary, these data support a role for deregulated miR-16-2 in abnormal erythropoiesis of PV, and anticipate its possible relevance as a therapeutic target. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract. Okasa AM, Sjahril R, Riadi M, Mahendradatta M, Sato T, Toriyama K, Ishii K, Hayashi Y, Abe T. 2021. Evaluation of Toraja (Indonesia) local aromatic rice mutant developed using heavy-ion beam irradiation. Biodiversitas 22: 3474-3481. The aromatic local Toraja rice "Pare Bau" has a good grain quality and aroma. However, it has some disadvantages, including a late heading and low yield for a modern farming system. This study aims to evaluate and select early heading as well as high yield mutant lines induced by heavy-ion beam irradiation. Furthermore, dry seeds of Pare Bau were irradiated with Argon-ion (300 keV/?m) and Carbon-ion (30 keV/?m) at RI-beam factory, RIKEN Nishina Center, Japan. The germination percentages of the M1 seeds were 49% for Pare Bau irradiated with Argon-ion (PB-A), 53% for Pare Bau irradiated with Carbon-ion (PB-C), and 70% for the Control. The 13 PB-A and 13 PB-C M1 plants were selected, and the seeds were sampled in the paddy field of Hasanuddin University (20 m asl.), Makassar. During the following planting season, the M2 generation plant was examined in Enrekang District (650 m asl.), South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Based on the early heading and a larger number of panicles, the 18 PB-A and one PB-C M3 line were selected from a total of 404 M2 survival plants. The selected lines and control were grouped into seven clusters based on the quantitative phenotypic traits, indicating the existence of genetic variability. The plant yield was significantly correlated with plant height, the number of tillers, the number of panicles, as well as grain weight per panicle, which showed that these traits are good criteria for selection.

Abstract Background The durability of vaccine-induced humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) on immunosuppressive therapy is not known. The aim of this study was to compare the persistence of anti-Spike antibodies following two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination between IMID patients and healthy controls and to identify factors associated with antibody decline. Methods IMID patients on immunosuppressive medication enrolled in the prospective observational Nor-vaC study were included. Participants received two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Serum collected at two time points following vaccination (first assessment within 6–48 days, second within 49–123 days) were analyzed for antibodies binding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Multivariable regression models estimated percent reduction in anti-RBD over 30 days and factors associated with reduction. Results A total of 1108 patients (403 rheumatoid arthritis, 195 psoriatic arthritis, 195 spondyloarthritis, 124 ulcerative colitis, 191 Crohn’s disease) and 134 controls provided blood samples within the defined intervals (median 19 days [IQR 15–24] and 97 days [87–105] after second vaccine dose). Antibody levels were lower in patients compared to controls at both time points, with median anti-RBD 2806 BAU/ml [IQR 1018–6068] in patients and 6187 BAU/ml [4105–7496] in controls (p<0.001) at first assessment, and 608 BAU/ml [IQR 58–1053] in patients and 1520 BAU/ml [979–3766] in controls (p<0.001) at second assessment. At second assessment, low anti-RBD antibody levels (defined as <200 BAU/ml) were found in 449 (41%) patients, and 6 (5%) controls (p<0.001). The change was − 83% in patients and − 66% in controls (p<0.001). Patients had a greater estimated 30 days percent reduction in anti-RBD levels compared to controls − 4.9 (95% CI − 7.4 to − 2.4), (p<0.05). Among therapies, mono- or combination treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors was associated with the greatest decline. Conclusions Within 4 months after vaccination, antibody levels declined considerably in both IMID patients and controls. Patients had lower initial antibody levels and a more pronounced decline compared to healthy controls and were therefore more likely to decline to low antibody levels. These results support that IMID patients need additional vaccine doses at an earlier stage than healthy individuals.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lower antibody responses after SARS-Cov-2 vaccination have been reported in patients with severely impaired kidney function or patients with kidney replacement treatment. We compared humoral responses and reported adverse events of three vaccines (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 and AZD1222) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), dialysis patients, patients with CKD stages G4–G5 and control subjects without kidney disease. METHOD KTRs, dialysis patients and patients with CKD stages G4–G5 were vaccinated with either mRNA-1273, BNT162b2 or AZD1222 during the Dutch SARS-CoV-2 vaccination program. Control subjects were all vaccinated with mRNA-1273. Blood samples were obtained at 1 month after two vaccinations by home-based finger prick tests and were analysed for the presence of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 using the Sanquin anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG ELISA assay. Primary endpoints were the antibody titer and reported systemic adverse events (AEs) at 1 month after the second vaccination. Multivariate regression analysis was performed on the difference between vaccines with respect to antibody titer and AEs after correction for sex, ethnicity, BMI, eGFR, dialysis vintage, transplantation characteristics and use of immunosuppressive drugs. RESULTS A total of 2468 KTRs, 480 dialysis patients, 400 patients with CKD stages G4–G5 and 186 control subjects were enrolled. KTRs had lower antibody titers (66 [8–573] BAU/mL) in comparison to dialysis patients [1375 (431–2896) BAU/mL], patients with CKD stages G4–G5 [2097 (828–4077) BAU/mL] and control subjects [3713 (2291–6451) BAU/mL]. mRNA-1273 demonstrated a higher antibody titer compared with BNT162b2 in KTR [72 (9–638) versus 21 (6–128) BAU/mL; P &lt; .001), dialysis patients [1675 (573–3031) versus 636 (216–1416) BAU/mL; P &lt; .001] and patients with CKD stages G4–G5 [2879 (1425–5311) versus 1063 (389–1939) BAU/mL; P &lt; .001). In a similar pattern, mRNA-1273 demonstrated a higher antibody titer compared with AZD1222 (P &lt; .001 in all groups). Multivariate analysis revealed that BNT162b2 and AZD1222 were significantly associated with lower antibody levels compared with mRNA-1273 in all 3 patient groups. BNT162b2 demonstrated less frequently systemic AEs compared with mRNA-1273 in KTRs (12% versus 27%; P &lt; .001), dialysis patients (12% versus 29%; P = .007) and in patients with CKD G4–G5 (18% versus 67%, P &lt; .001). AZD1222 demonstrated less systemic AEs compared with mRNA-1273 only in patients with CKD stages G4–G5 (39% versus 67%; P = .03). Multivariate analysis revealed that BNT162b2 was associated with fewer systemic AEs in only dialysis patients (P = .04) and patients with CKD stages G4–G5 (P = .02). CONCLUSION mRNA-1273 demonstrated significantly higher antibody levels at 1 month after 2 vaccinations as compared with BNT162b2 and AZD1222 in high-risk patients with kidney disease. BNT162b2 was associated with a fewer systemic AEs in dialysis patients and patients with CKD stages G4–G5, although these AEs were mild and self-limiting. mRNA-1273 may therefore be considered as the preferred SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in high-risk patients with kidney disease. Whether the higher antibody response following vaccination with mRNA-1273 sustains and results in a better protection against COVID-19 is yet to be analysed.

ABSTRAKAir gambut merupakan salah satu sumber daya air yang masih melimpah untuk itu perlu di rancang alat pengolahan dengan sumber air baku air gambut untuk menjadi air minum skala rumah tangga. Perancangan alat pengolahan air gambut menjadi air minum dengan proses netralisasi, koagulasi, sedimentasi, filtrasi dan disinfeksi. Proses netralisasi dan koagulasi menggunakan kapur tohor juga tawas. Proses sedimentasi menggunakan tangki sedimentasi. Proses filtrasi menggunakan tabung filtrasi dengan media filter kerikil, pasir, zeolit dan karbon aktif. Proses desinfeksi dengan menggunakan tabung ultraviolet. Perancangan alat dibangun di daerah Sungai Raya Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Penentuan dosis dengan metode jar test dilakukan dengan penentuan dosis koagulan tawas dan netralisasi kapur tohor yakni 350 mg/l dan 150 mg/l. Kualitas air baku belum memenuhi standar persyaratan kualitas air baku PERMENKES RI NO.416/Menkes/ Per/ IX/ 1990 , yaitu pH 5,5 kekeruhan 28 NTU, tingkat intensitas warna yang sangat tinggi 347 Pt-Co, besi 0,62 mg/l, zat organik 18,4 mg/l dan total coliform 17x102 MPN. Sedangkan parameter lain, yaitu TDS 403 mg/l, kimia logam, kimia non logam, E. coli suhu, bau dan rasa sudah memenuhi baku mutu yang diperbolehkan. Kualitas air hasil pengolahan rata-rata parameter fisik dan kimia air gambut mengalami perbaikan, pH naik menjadi netral (pH 6,8), parameter warna turun 97,12% (10 Pt-Co ), parameter kekeruhan turun 76,21% (6,7), parameter TDS turun sebesar 96,34% (14,8 mg/l), zat organik turun sebesar 85,39 % (12 mg/l), parameter besi turun menjadi 62,09% (0,23 mg/l). Kapasitas pengolahan 3,5 liter/menit atau 210 liter/jam dan kebutuhan biaya produksi untuk 1000 liter yakni Rp. 2.550,-. Biaya yang di perlukan untuk membuat alat pengolahan Rp. 5.120.500,-.Kata Kunci : Air Gambut, Alat Pengolahan, Rumah Tangga

Sebastian Olden-Jørgensen anmelder: Nicolaus Steno. Biography and Original Papers of a 17th Century Scientist.Edited and Translated by Troels Kardel and Paul Maquet, Springer,Heidelberg, Dordrecht, London, New York 2013, 739 sider, ill., ISBN978-3-642-25078-1, €83,29 (e-bog), €106,95 (indbundet). Henrik Horstbøll anmelder: Kristian Jensen: Revolution and the Antiquarian Book. Reshaping the Past, 1780-1815. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2011, 318 sider.ISBN 978-1-107-00051-3. Jesper Düring Jørgensen anmelder: Michael H. Clemmesen: Det lille land før den store krig. De danske farvande, stormagtsstrategier, efterretninger og forsvarsforberedelser omkring kriserne1911-13. Syddansk Universitet/Syddansk Universitetsforlag, Odense,2012. 557 sider, ISBN 978-87-7674-617-9 Lisbeth Bonde anmelder: Erik Aschengreen, Anne Middelboe Christensen og Kirsten Sørensen:Dansen i spejlet. John R. Johnsens balletfotos. Det Kongelige Bibliotek ogGads Forlag, København 2012, 342 sider, ill. ISBN 978-87-12-04687-5,Kr. 349. Niels D. Lund anmelder: Jesper Düring Jørgensen: Den smilende kamæleon. Karl Larsen (1860-1931) – Digter, journalist, militarist. Danish Humanist Texts and Studies, 47.Det Kongelige Bibliotek og Museum Tusculanums Forlag, København2013, 593 s. , illustreret. ISBN 978-87-635-4080-3. Claus Woschenko: J.P.E. Hartmann: Klaverværker/Piano Works/Klavierwerke. Udg. af/Hrsg.von Niels Krabbe. Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Dansk Center for Musikudgivelse.2012. Vol. 1-2. i-lii, 328 s.; liii-lxxxviii, ss. 329-652. Fol. (J.P.E.Hartmann: Udvalgte Værker/Selected Works/Ausgewählte Werke. Udg. afHartmann Udgaven, Det Kongelige Bibliotek/Publ. by The HartmannEdition, The Royal Library / Hrsg. von der Hartmann-Ausgabe, Diekönigliche Bibliothek. Hovedredaktør/Editor-in-chief/Redaktionsleiter:Niels Krabbe. Serie III, bind 1-2/Series III, Vol. 1-2/Serie III, Band1-2). ISMN 979-0706763-12-5 & 979-0706763-13-2. Kr. 1.600,-

В соединениях, кристаллизующихся в структурном типе пирохлора (пр. гр. симм. Fd3m) общей формулы А2В2X6X’, на месте катионов A могут находиться двух- или трёхзарядные ионы, на месте B – четырёх- или пятизарядные ионы. В большом количестве работ рассматриваются вопросы формирования таких структур в зависимости от природы и размеров катионов A и B, мало внимания уделяется определению температурных интервалов их устойчивости. Поэтому целью данной работы являлось исследование термолиза твердых растворов замещения H2Sb2–xVxO6·nH2Oв интервале температур 25–700 °С, определение влияния природы катиона B (Sb, V) на устойчивость структуры типа пирохлора при нагревании.Твердые растворы замещения были получены методом соосаждения. В качестве объектов исследования выбраны образцы H2Sb2–xVxO6·nH2O, содержащие по данным элементного анализа 0; 5 (x = 0.10); 15 (x = 0.30); 20 (x = 0.40); 24 (x = 0.48) ат.% ванадия. С помощью метода ИК-спектроскопии анализировали изменение протонгидратной подрешетки в образцах, содержащих различное количество V+5. Рентгенофазовый и термогравиметрический анализ образцов позволил смоделировать процесс термолиза и определить состав фаз на каждой стадии.Показано, что при температурах 25–400 °С происходит удаление протонсодержащих группировок из гексагональных каналов структуры типа пирохлора. Увеличение количества ионов V+5 в твердых растворах изменяет энергию связи протонов с ионами кислорода [BO3]–-октаэдра, что приводит к смещению границ стадий: ионы оксония и молекулы воды удаляются при более высоких температурах, а гидроксид-ионы при более низких температурах. Повышениетемпературы выше 500 °С приводит к разрушению структуры по причине удаления кислорода из [BO3]–-октаэдров.Предложена модель заполнения атомами кристаллографических позиций структуры типа пирохлора для фаз, которые образуются при термолизе H2Sb2–xVxO6·nH2O при температурах 25–400 °С.Установлены структурные формулы твердых растворов - (H3O)Sb2-xVxO5(OH)·nH2O, где 0 < x≤ 0.48, 0 <n≤ 1.1. Показано, что на температурные интервалы стадий термолиза влияет энергия связи протонов с ионами кислорода [BO3]–-октаэдров, где B = V, Sb, формирующих каркас структуры. При этом в рамках структуры типа пирохлора исследуемые твердые растворы устойчивы до 400 °С. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Subramanian M. A., Aravamudan G., Rao G. V. S. Oxide pyrochlores — A review. Progress in Solid State Chemistry. 1983;15(2): 55–143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6786(83)90001-8 Krasnov A. G., Piir I. V., Koroleva M. S., Sekushin N. A., Ryabkov Y. I., Piskaykina M. M., Sadykov V. A., Sadovskaya E. M., Pelipenko V. V., Eremeev N. F. The conductivity and ionic transport of doped bismuth titanate pyrochlore Bi1.6МxTi2O7–d (М– Mg, Sc, Cu). Solid State Ionics. 2017;302: 118–125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.12.019 Cherednichenko L. A., Moroz Ya. A. Catalytic properties of heteropolytungstates with 3d elementsand their thermolysis products. Kinetics and Catalysis. 2018;59(5): 572–577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0023158418050038 Krasnov A. G., Kabanov A. A., Kabanova N. A., Piir I. V., Shein I. R. Ab initio modeling of oxygen ionmigration in non-stoichiometric bismuth titanate pyrochlore Bi1.5Ti2O6.25. Solid State Ionics. 2019;335: 135–141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.02.023 Farlenkov A. S., Khodimchuk A. V., Eremin V. A., Tropin E. S., Fetisov A. V., Shevyrev N. A., Leonidov I. I., Ananyev M. V. Oxygen isotope exchange in doped lanthanum zirconates. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2018;268: 45–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2018.08.022 Rejith R. S., Thomas J. K., Solomon S. Structural, optical and impedance spectroscopic characterizations of RE2Zr2O7 (RE = La, Y) ceramics. Solid State Ionics. 2018;323: 112–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2018.05.025 Егорышева А. В., Эллерт О. Г., Гайтко О. М., Берсенева А. А., Максимов Ю. В., Дудкина Т. Д. Магнитные свойства твердых растворов со структурой типа пирохлора Pr2-xFe1+xSbO7, Bi2–xLnxFeSbO7 (Ln = La, Pr). Неорганические материалы. 2016;52(10): 1106–1115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7868/S0002337X16100079 Rau J. G., Gingras M. J. P. Frustrated quantum rare-earth pyrochlores. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics. 2019;10(1): 357-386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-022317-110520 Ломанова Н. А., Томкович М. В., Соколов В. В., Уголков В. Л. Формирование и термическое поведение нанокристаллического Bi2Ti2O7. Журнал общей химии. 2018;88(12): 1937–1942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0044460X18120016 Liu X., Huang L., Wu X., Wang Z., Dong G., Wang C., Liu Y., Wang L. Bi2Zr2O7 nanoparticles synthesized by soft-templated sol-gel methods for visiblelight-driven catalytic degradation of tetracycline. Chemosphere. 2018;210: 424–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.040 Weller M. T., Hughes R. W., Rooke J., Knee Ch. S., Reading J. The pyrochlore family – a potential panacea for the frustrated perovskite chemist. Dalton Transactions. 2004;19: 3032–3041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/B401787K Knop O., Brisse F., Meads R. E., Brainbridge J. Pyrochlores. IV. Crystallographic and mossbauer studies of A2FeSbO7 pyrochlores. Canadian Journal of Chemistry. 1968;46: 3829–3832. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/v68-635 Sadykov V. A., Koroleva M. S., Piir I. V., Chezhina N. V., Korolev D. A., Skriabin P. I., Krasnov A. V., Sadovskaya E. M., Eremeev N. F., Nekipelov S. V., Sivkov V. N. Structural and transport properties of doped bismuth titanates and niobates. Solid State Ionics. 2018;315: 33–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.12.008 Егорышева А. В., Попова Е. Ф., Тюрин А. В., Хорошилов А. В., Гайтко О. М., Светогоров Р. Д. Сложные танталаты РЗЭ с пирохлороподобной структурой: синтез, структура и термические свойства. Журнал неорганической химии. 2019;64(11):1154–1165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0044457X19110059 McCauley R. A. Structural characteristics of pyrochlore formation. Journal of Applied Physics. 1980;51(1): 290–294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.327368 Лупицкая Ю. А., Бурмистров В. А. Фазообразование в системе K2CO3–Sb2O3–WO3 при нагревании. Журнал неорганической химии. 2011; 56 (2): 329–331. Режим доступа: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_15599328_91286141.pdf Piir I. V., Koroleva M. S., Korolev D. A., Chezina N. V., Semenov V. G., Panchuk V. V. Bismuth iron titanate pyrochlores: Thermostability, structure and properties. Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2013;204: 245–250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2013.05.031 Лупицкая Ю. 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To achieve high therapeutic efficacy in the patient, information on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics is required. With the development of science and technology, especially genetic sequencing technology, more and more research on pharmacogenomics has been conducted. The relationship between the genome and the response of a person to drugs is being explored to support personalized medicine, which shows efficacy in clinical treatment. In particular, the IL28B gene polymorphisms have been studied and shown to have impacts on drug responses in the treatment of many diseases, such as chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, and myeloproliferative neoplasms. However, pharmacogenetic studies of the IL28B gene have not given exact recommendations for dose adjustment in treatment; they only show the impact tendency that individuals with an unfavorable genotype (usually the genotype of the mutant allele) show poor response to treatment compared to those with a favorable genotype. The frequency of mutant alleles varies among different ethnic groups and between different viral genotypes. Identifying and predicting the possibility of successful treatment helps both clinicians and patients make better choices of treatment decisions to optimize treatment possibilities, and reduce side effects and treatment costs. Keywords IL28B polymorphism, drug response, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, myeloproliferative disorders. References [1] V. M. Lauschke, M. I. 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Tóm tắt Đặt vấn đề: Đèn soi thanh quản trực tiếp hiện vẫn là phương tiện phổ biến nhất để đặt nội khí quản (NKQ), tuy có nhược điểm như góc quan sát hẹp, việc đặt NKQ mang tính chủ quan của người trực tiếp đặt, người đặt NKQ phải ghé sát miệng NB nên nguy cơ bị lây nhiễm từ người bệnh sang nhân viên y tế cao và nguy cơ nội khí quản khó cao. Chúng tôi đã kết hợp lưỡi đèn Macintosh gắn thêm dây camera nội soi và kết nối màn hình để có thể sử dụng đèn soi thanh quản camera giúp giải quyết các nhược điểm này với chi phí chấp nhận được. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu cắt ngang. Đặt NKQ bằng đèn soi thanh quản tích hợp camera nội soi trên 132 người bệnh mổ phiên tại Trung tâm Gây mê & hồi sức ngoại khoa - Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức từ 1/6/2020 đến 1/12/2020 Kết quả: 132 NB: Phân độ Mallampati I-II: 104, Mallampati III: 28, 2 NB há miệng khó, 6 NB gập ngửa cổ hạn chế, 16 NB cố ngắn, 18 NB béo phì (BMI > 25), 31 NB chấn thương hàm mặt, 51 NB đặt ống đường mũi. 100% NB đặt NKQ thành công và 96% NB (127 NB) thành công trong lần đặt đầu tiên, có 2 NB (1.32%) cần 3 lần đặt và 3 NB (2.27%) cần 2 lần đặt. Thời gian đặt nội khí quản trung bình là 32 ± 10.3 (giây). Khoảng cách miệng người đặt NKQ - miệng NB là 37.2 ± 6.2 cm. Về biến chứng: có 3 NB (2.27%) chảy máu trong quá trình đặt và 1 NB (0.75%) đau họng sau mổ. Kết luận: Đèn soi thanh quản tích hợp camera nội soi là một thiết bị chi phí thấp, có tỉ lệ đặt nội khí quản thành công cao và ít biến chứng. Từ khóa: Đèn soi thanh quản tích hợp camera nội soi, đặt khí quản camera, đèn nội khí quản cải tiến. Abtracts Introduction: The direct laryngoscope is still the most common device of choice to intubate despite its many disadvantages. Therefore, we united a conventional Macintosh laryngoscope blade with an industrial borescope camera and connected it to a phone/tablet to use our camera laryngoscopy device at an acceptable cost. Patients and methods: Prospective cross-sectional study. Intubation using the laryngoscope blade incorporated with endoscope camera on 132 patients undergoing elective surgery at the Center of Anesthesia & Surgical Intensive Care, Viet Duc University Hospital from 1/6/2020 - 1/12/2020. Results: We performed intubation on 132 patients with 94 of Mallampati I-II, 28 of Mallampati III, 2 of limited opening mouth, 6 of limited neck flexion, 16 of short neck, 18 obesities, 31 maxillofacial trauma pts. 41.7% (55 pts) had nasal intubation. 100% successfully intubated. 95% (127 pts), 2.27% (3 pts), and 1.32% (2pts) were successful at the 1st attempt, 2nd, and 3rd attempt respectively. Regarding complications, there were 3 pts (2.27%) bleeding during intubation and 1 pts (0.75%) that had a post-surgery sore throat. The average intubation time was 32 ± 10.3 seconds. The distance between the physician's mouth to the patient's mouth was 37.2 ± 6.2 cm. Conclusion: The laryngoscope blade incorporated with borescope might have a high rate of successful intubation and few complications. Further randomized studies may be needed to demonstrate its efficacy. Keywords: Laryngoscope with a borescope, borescope laryngoscope intubation