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Articoli di riviste sul tema "628.530 284":
1
Kozicki, Bartosz, Aleksandra Skrabacz, Beata Gałek e Marlena Lorek. "Multidimensional analysis of losses in the number of passengers transported by air in Poland and Germany caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of the maintenance of economic security". Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics 8, n. 2 (13 dicembre 2023): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/jsdtl.2023.8-2.4.
Abstract (sommario):
In the study, the authors conducted a multidimensional data analysis on the decrease in the number of passengers transported by air in Poland and Germany caused by the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020-2022. Forecasts of the number of passengers transported by air in Poland and Germany obtained after applying the Holt-Winters exponential smoothing method from January 2020 to December 2022 were compared with actual data. The research showed that in the case of Germany, in 2020 there was a decrease of 174 628 873 people, and in 2022, it was 90 620 354 people. In Poland, the decrease in 2020 amounted to 40 257 520 people; in 2022, it was already 21 083 066 passengers.
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Neumann, Roland P., Sven M. Schulzke, Christian Pohl, Sven Wellmann, Boris Metze, Ann-Katrin Minke, Vinzenz Boos, Payman Barikbin, Christoph Bührer e Christoph Czernik. "Right ventricular function and vasoactive peptides for early prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia". PLOS ONE 16, n. 9 (22 settembre 2021): e0257571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257571.
Abstract (sommario):
Background To assess the prognostic value of early echocardiographic indices of right ventricular function and vasoactive peptides for prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death in very preterm infants. Methods Prospective study involving 294 very preterm infants (median [IQR] gestational age 28.4 [26.4–30.4] weeks, birth weight 1065 [800–1380] g), of whom 57 developed BPD (oxygen supplementation at 36 weeks postmenstrual age) and 10 died. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular index of myocardial performance (RIMP), plasma concentrations of mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) and C-terminal pro-endothelin-1 (CT-proET1) were measured on day 7 of life. Results RIMP was significantly increased (median [IQR] 0.3 [0.23–0.38] vs 0.22 [0.15–0.29]), TAPSE decreased (median [IQR] 5.0 [5.0–6.0] vs 6.0 [5.4–7.0] mm), MR-proANP increased (median [IQR] 784 [540–936] vs 353 [247–625] pmol/L), and CT-proET1 increased (median [IQR] 249 [190–345] vs 199 [158–284] pmol/L) in infants who developed BPD or died, as compared to controls. All variables showed significant but weak correlations with each other (rS -0.182 to 0.359) and predicted BPD/death with similar accuracy (areas under receiver operator characteristic curves 0.62 to 0.77). Multiple regression revealed only RIMP and birth weight as independent predictors of BPD or death. Conclusions Vasoactive peptide concentrations and echocardiographic assessment employing standardized measures, notably RIMP, on day 7 of life are useful to identify preterm infants at increased risk for BPD or death.
3
Vera-Llonch, Montserrat, Gerry Oster, Colleen Ford, John Lu, Irina Khazanov e Stephen Sonis. "Oral Mucositis (OM) and Outcomes of Allogeneic (AL) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 106, n. 11 (16 novembre 2005): 3126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3126.3126.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Background. OM is a common toxicity of conditioning regimens for HSCT that has been associated with adverse clinical and economic outcomes. Methods. A retrospective chart review study of ~400 consecutive HSCT recipients with hematologic malignancies was undertaken at a single academic center. OM severity was assessed across eight oropharyngeal sites using a validated scale which was scored as follows: no erythema/ulceration = 0; erythema only = I; ulceration one site = II; two sites = III; three sites= IV; and four or more sites = V. OM assessments began on the day of conditioning and continued bi-weekly until hospital discharge. Outcomes of interest included number of days of fever, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and parenteral narcotic therapy, incidence of Grade III or IV (Common Toxicity Criteria) infection, and inpatient days and charges. We report data here for the 281 AL HSCT recipients in the study cohort. Results. Mean age was 41 yrs. Most common diagnoses were acute (33%) and chronic (19%) myeloid leukemia. Most patients (96%) received total body irradiation. Fifty-one percent of grafts were from unrelated donors. Seventy-six percent of patients experienced OM ≥ grade II. The relationship between worst recorded grade of OM and each of the outcomes of interest is reported below. Conclusions. OM is associated with worse clinical and economic outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing AL HSCT. Outcomes of AL HSCT in patients with hematologic malignancies, by worst recorded grade of OM Worst Grade of OM (N=281) 0 I II III IV V Outcome n=34 n=33 n=70 n=60 n=43 n=41 -value p *mean, SD; **test for linear trend; Cochran-Armitage for dichotomous measures, GLM for continuous measures Fever days* 3.1 (3.0) 4.8 (4.4) 5.3 (4.9) 5.7 (4.7) 5.9 (4.7) 7.3 (4.6) <0.001 TPN days* 6.7 (7.2) 7.7 (7.8) 8.8 (7.8) 10.2 (7.8) 13.2 (7.2) 14.0 (6.2) <0.001 Narcotic days* 7.6 (6.3) 10.8 (5.0) 10.7 (7.4) 11.5 (5.1) 14.0 (6.8) 17.2 (5.0) <0.001 Infection (%) 85.3 90.9 92.9 93.3 100.0 100.0 0.002 Mortality (%) 8.8 3.0 8.6 15.0 7.0 22.0 0.042 Inpatient days* 28.1 (8.8) 30.3 (10.6) 34.5 (15.1) 32.7 (14.5) 35.9 (10.4) 42.4 (15.1) <0.001 Inpatient charges* (x 1,000 USD) 214 (102) 252 (156) 313 (251) 280 (198) 305 (140) 437 (233) <0.001
4
Lin, En, Hongguang Liu, Xinlin He, Xinxin Li, Ping Gong e Ling Li. "Water–Nitrogen Coupling Effect on Drip-Irrigated Dense Planting of Dwarf Jujube in an Extremely Arid Area". Agronomy 9, n. 9 (18 settembre 2019): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090561.
Abstract (sommario):
Hami, Xinjiang, is located in an extremely arid region and jujube is the main economic crop. It is important to adopt dwarf and close-planting technology under drip irrigation and to optimize water and fertilizer management to improve jujube yield and quality. Local 12-year-old jujube trees were treated using two factors of irrigation and fertilization. Three irrigation amounts (520, 700, and 880 mm) and three fertilization levels (248, 318, and 388 kg/hm2) were set up in plot experiments. The root system, yield, and quality of jujube were monitored under different irrigation and nitrogen application combinations. The effects on water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen partial factor productivity (PNP), and economic benefit were analyzed. The water and fertilizer coupling effect of dwarf closely planted jujube was studied by combining multiple regression and spatial analyses. The yield, quality, economic benefits, WUE, and PNP of jujube were significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization. Multiple regression and spatial analyses showed that the highest yield was for irrigation of 700 mm and a nitrogen rate of 340 kg/hm2. For the maximum net benefit, irrigation was 806 mm and nitrogen was 388 kg/hm2; correspondingly, for the highest total sugar, values were 688 mm and 362 kg/hm2; for vitamin C, they were 622 mm and 376 kg/hm2; for PNP, they were 880 mm and 256.57 kg/hm2; and for WUE, they were 520 mm and 388 kg/hm2. A comprehensive evaluation of each index showed that the acceptable irrigation amount for yield, quality, WUE, and net benefit of ≥85% of the maximum value was 600–628 mm, and the nitrogen application rate was 360–372 kg/hm2. This study provides guidance for the scientific management of water and fertilizer in the drip irrigation and fertilization process of local jujube trees.
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Ma, Ai Bin, Yoshinori Nishida, Masakazu Nagase, Jing Hua Jiang, Jin Chun Kim, Naobumi Saito e Ichinori Shigematsu. "Superplasticity of Fine-Grained 20VOL%SiC Whiskers Reinforced 2024 Aluminum Alloy Produced by ECAP with a Rotary Die". Materials Science Forum 539-543 (marzo 2007): 2934–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.2934.
Abstract (sommario):
Squeeze-cast 20vol%SiCw/2024 composite was processed by rotary-die equal-channel angular pressing (RD-ECAP) and tensile-tested at elevated temperatures. RD-ECAP does not require billet removal and reinsertion between ECAP passes and can produce large cumulative deformation of type A in the billet at a controlled extrusion temperature. Tensile specimens were machined from the RD-ECAP processed billets along the longitudinal direction. 16 RD-ECAP passes at 623 K produced an average matrix grain size of about 0.8 μm in the composite. The ECAP processed 20vol%SiCw/2024 composite exhibited 330% elongation to failure when tested at 783 K and the high strain rate of 1.17×10-1 s-1. The values of strain rate sensitivity exponent of the SiCw/2024 composite determined over the strain rates between 10-2 and 1.0 s-1, was 0.39, 0.47 and 0.53 at 763, 773 and 783 K, respectively. The grain sizes of the aluminum alloy matrix in the composite after superplastic deformation increased from 0.8 μm to be about 1.5 μm. There was no cavity found within the uniformly deformed area. The apparent activation energy for the superplastic deformation of the 20vol%SiCw/2024 composite was determined to be 284 kJ·mol-1.
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Lammi, Carmen, Martina Bartolomei, Carlotta Bollati, Lorenzo Cecchi, Maria Bellumori, Emanuela Sabato, Vistoli Giulio, Nadia Mulinacci e Anna Arnoldi. "Phenolic Extracts from Extra Virgin Olive Oils Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity: In Vitro, Cellular, and In Silico Molecular Modeling Investigations". Antioxidants 10, n. 7 (16 luglio 2021): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071133.
Abstract (sommario):
Two extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolic extracts (BUO and OMN) modulate DPP-IV activity. The in vitro DPP-IV activity assay was performed at the concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/mL, showing a dose-dependent inhibition by 6.8 ± 1.9, 17.4 ± 6.1, 37.9 ± 2.4, 57.8 ± 2.9, and 81 ± 1.4% for BUO and by 5.4 ± 1.7, 8.9 ± 0.4, 28.4 ± 7.2, 52 ± 1.3, and 77.5 ± 3.5% for OMN. Moreover, both BUO and OMN reduced the DPP-IV activity expressed by Caco-2 cells by 2.9 ± 0.7, 44.4 ± 0.7, 61.2 ± 1.8, and 85 ± 4.2% and by 3 ± 1.9, 35 ± 9.4, 60 ± 7.2, and 82 ± 2.8%, respectively, at the same doses. The concentration of the most abundant and representative secoiridoids within both extracts was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 ± 21.7, 187 ± 11.4, 354.5 ± 12.7, 741.6 ± 35.7, and 1112 ± 55.6 µM, respectively. Finally, in silico molecular docking simulations permitted the study of the binding mode of these compounds.
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Pati, Nalini K., Frances Garvin, Vicki Antonenas, Ian Kerridge, Kenneth F. Bradstock e David J. Gottlieb. "Best Approach for Harvesting Bone Marrow to Maximize TNC and CD34+ Cell Counts". Blood 112, n. 11 (16 novembre 2008): 3468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3468.3468.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Background: Bone marrow (BM) has been utilized as a source of stem cells for transplantation for many years. Although the use of BM has decreased with the advent of mobilized stem cells, utilization is increasing once again due to the lower rate of chronic GVHD associated with BM as a stem cell source. There is no generally accepted technique for harvesting BM. Protocols vary both in relation to the volume of each aspirate, the number of aspirates performed at each puncture site and the total volume of harvests. Method: BM was collected from the posterior iliac crests (PIC) in 2 separate bags: 10ml aspirates from the left and 20 ml aspirates from the right. Samples taken at the start and after 100, 150, 200, 250, & 500 ml were analyzed for TNC, CD34+ and CD3+ cell counts. Results: The following table shows cell number (mean ± SEM ×106) for the parameters indicated. Aspirate Volume (mls) Parameter Start (n=4) 100mls (2) 150mls (2) 200mls (2) 250mls (4) 500mls (4) 10 TNC 555 ± 28 286 ± 38 257 ± 40 226 ± 8 199 ± 11 158.5±18.5 CD34 5.8 ± 0.05 1.8 ± 0.1 1.7 ± 0.2 1.3 ± 0.4 1.1 ± 0.2 0.8 ± 0.1 CD3 65.8 ± 12.0 35.8 ± 6.9 32.8 ± 8.0 29.9 ± 1.5 28.4 ± 5.1 29.8 ± 6.2 20 TNC 914 ± 52 627 ± 137 458 ± 44 429 ± 113 391 ± 81 264 ± 24 CD34 9.1 ± 0.5 3.8 ± 0.2 2.4 ±0.2 2.7 ± 0.1 2.3 ± 0.7 1.0 ± 0.2 CD3 106.9 ±22.1 64.6 ± 5.3 55.0±14.1 56.5±14.7 53.7±14.6 41.2 ± 9.6 There is a rapid fall in the yield of CD34+ cells obtained with increasing harvest volume (19 and 25% of the initial number after 250 ml for 10 and 20 ml aspirates respectively; 14 and 11% respectively after 500 ml). In contrast the CD3+ cell numbers fall more slowly (43 and 50% after 250 ml, 45 and 38% after 500 ml). By the time 500 ml has been aspirated, there is no difference in the total number of CD34+ cells obtained from a 10 ml versus a 20 ml aspirate of bone marrow. Conclusion: CD34+ cell yields fall rapidly when BM is harvested along the PIC. Using additional areas such as the anterior iliac crests may be preferable to a large volume PIC harvest for optimizing CD34+ stem cell collection. After 500 ml of BM has been harvested, 20 ml BM aspirates do not increase CD34+ cell numbers and 10 ml aspirates should be taken to minimize unnecessary blood loss and reduce T cell contamination.
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Alves, Sergio Agusto Oliveira, Oriel Filgueira de Lemos, Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho e André Luís Lopes da Silva. "In vitro protocol optimization for development of interspecific hybrids of oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés x Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)". Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 2, n. 3 (8 agosto 2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v2n3.alves.
Abstract (sommario):
O dendezeiro (Elaeis guineensis) é a maior fonte de óleo vegetal no mundo. Porém, a doença do amarelecimento fatal está dizimando plantações no estado do Pará, Brasil. Para superar esse problema, híbridos interespecíficos de Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis são uma alternativa viável. Contudo alguns protocolos para o resgate in vitro desses embriões já foram estabelecidos, porém é necessário otimizá-los. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi otimizar o protocolo in vitro para o cultivo de embriões interespecíficos de (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis). A desinfestação das sementes foi realizada com 1 ou 2% de NaOCl por 20 ou 40 minutos. Embriões foram germinados in vitro na presença de 0; 0,1; 0,2 e 0,25% de carvão ativado e embriões foram cultivados na presença do ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4–D) nas concentrações de 375, 500 e 625 μM para a indução de calos. A adição de 2,5% de carvão ativado é necessária para reduzir a oxidação fenólica dos embriões. A desinfestação das sementes pode ser realizada com 1% de NaOCl por 20 minutos. Diferentes variedades possuem diferentes concentrações ideais de 2,4–D para a indução de calos. As melhores concentrações de 2,4–D foram 375 e 625 μM para as variedades SJ-167 e SJ-165, respectivamente.
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Puxeddu, Mariano. "Interaction of B-rich supercritical magmatic fluids with granite: first report of dumortierite in a geothermal field, Larderello, Italy". South Florida Journal of Development 3, n. 3 (4 maggio 2022): 3162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-009.
Abstract (sommario):
In a peraluminous two-mica monzogranite cored at 4.5 km depth in well Radicondoli 29, dumortierite occurs together with andalusite, Li-rich tourmaline, fluorite and fluorapatite. The average composition is SiO2: 30.9, Al2O3: 58.6, FeO: 0.44, MgO: 0.47, CaO: 0.02, F: 0.15. Dumortierite crystallized from supercritical magmatic fluids at T =520-620°C, P = 100 ± 30 MPa. Synthetic fluid inclusions yielded T = 510 ± 10 MPa, P = 42 ± 3 MPa at 2.9 km depth in well Venelle 2. Al data suggest present day T = 450-550°C, P = 40-80 MPa. The supercritical magmatic fluids were hypersaline brines with ~ 30 wt % LiCl and up to 2.4 wt % F, extreme contents that can be found only in pegmatites, aplites and leucogranites. Larderello granites derived from partial melting of a lower crust made up of interlayered metasediments and amphibolites. Extensive melting took place in the lower crust during the last 10 Ma owing to extensional tectonics, lithosphere thinning, roll back or break down of the west merging Adria plate and swelling of the asthenosphere below the western side of the Apennines.
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Puxeddu, Mariano. "Interaction of B-rich supercritical magmatic fluids with granite: first report of dumortierite in Larderello, Italy". E3S Web of Conferences 98 (2019): 01042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199801042.
Abstract (sommario):
In a peraluminous two-mica monzogranite cored at 4.5 km depth in well Radicondoli 29, dumortierite occurs together with andalusite, Li-rich tourmaline, fluorite and fluorapatite. The average composition is SiO2: 30.9, Al2O3: 58.6, FeO: 0.44, MgO: 0.47, CaO: 0.02, F: 0.15. Dumortierite crystallized from supercritical magmatic fluids at T =520-620°C, P = 100 ± 30 MPa. Synthetic fluid inclusions yielded T = 510 ± 10°C, P = 42 ±3 MPa at 2.9 km depth in well Venelle 2. All data suggest present-day T = 450-550°C, P = 40-80 MPa. The supercritical magmatic fluids were hypersaline brines with ~ 30 wt % LiCl and up to 2.4 wt % F, extreme contents that can be found only in pegmatites, aplites and leucogranites. Larderello granites derived from partial melting of a lower crust made up of interlayered metasediments and amphibolites. Extensive melting took place in the lower crust during the last 10 Ma owing to extensional tectonics, lithosphere thinning, roll back or break down of the west merging Adria plate and swelling of the asthenosphere below the western side of the Apennines.
Tesi sul tema "628.530 284":
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Rimatzki, Florian. "Wie wirken Unternehmensberichte auf den Aktienkurs? - Eine statistische Untersuchung mittels Event Coincidence Analysis und Superposed Epoch Analysis". Bachelor's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-212850.
Abstract (sommario):
Several times a year companies publish business reports to openly account for their business activities. This thesis examines the effect of those business reports on stock prices of businesses in the German automotive industry. Different statistical methods such as Event Coincidence Analysis and Superposed Epoch Analysis are used to examine possible negative and positive reactions of stock prices before and after the disclosure of business reports. It shows that there seems to be a stronger influence of a negative business report on the daily abnormal rate of return than of a positive business report. Furthermore the thesis confirms the hypothesis of Roeder that the information from a business report is processed not only on the day of publication but also on the day after.
Libri sul tema "628.530 284":
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Austria. Einkommensteuergesetz 1972: Mit Anmerkungen und Hinweisen unter Berücksichtigung der Bundesgesetze BGBl 1972/493, 1974/27, 1974/409, 1974/469, 1975/335, 1975/391, 1975/636, 1976/143, 1976/664, 1977/320, 1977/645, 1978/280, 1978/571, 1979/550, 1980/545, 1980/563, 1981/520, 1981/620, 1982/111, 1982/570, 1983/587, 1983/612, 1984/254, 1984/483 und 1984/531. 7a ed. Wien: Manz, 1985.
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Austria. Einkommensteuergesetz 1972: Mit Anmerkungen und Hinweisen unter Berücksichtigung der Bundesgesetze BGBl 1972/493, 1974/27, 1974/409, 1974/469, 1975/335, 1975/391, 1975/636, 1976/143, 1976/664, 1977/320, 1977/645, 1978/280, 1978/571, 1979/550, 1980/545, 1980/563, 1981/520, 1981/620, 1982/111, 1982/570, 1983/587, 1983/612, 1984/254, 1984/483, 1984/531, 1985/251 und 1985/557. 8a ed. Wien: Manz, 1986.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "628.530 284":
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Garrido-Cumbrera, Marco, Victoria Navarro-Compán, Christine Bundy, Raj Mahapatra, Souzi Makri, Pedro Plazuelo-Ramos e Denis Poddubnyy. "Psychological Health". In Axial Spondyloarthritis: Patient-Reported Impact in Europe, 45–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97606-4_7.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractPsychological distress is frequently experienced by patients with axSpA, with some studies reporting that more than 50% of patients have concomitant depression or anxiety (Zou et al. Med Sci Monit 22:3202–3208, 2016; Kilic G, Kilic E, Ozgocmen S. Relationship between psychiatric status, self-reported outcome measures, and clinical parameters in axial spondyloarthritis. Medicine. 2014;93:e337.; Shen et al. J Rheumatol 43:625–631, 2016; Hakkou et al. Rheumatol Int 33:285–290, 2013; Meesters et al. Arthritis Res Ther 16:418, 2014a). The exact mechanisms that lead to poor psychological status are not completely understood.
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Quinlan, Michael. "Subcontracting, Repeat Latent Failures and Workplace Disasters". In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 27–36. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35163-1_3.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractSubcontracting, the subletting of work tasks creating a hierarchy of contractual relationships (especially multi-tiered subcontracting), is a centuries-old form of work organisation but has grown substantially since the mid-1970s, including Uber-type arrangements facilitated by digital surveillance and platforms and global supply chains (Nossar in The regulation and management of workplace health and safety: historical and emerging trends, 100–122, 2020). Evidence that subcontracting arrangements can exacerbate health and safety risks (including injury rates, exposures to harmful substances and worker mental wellbeing) is also not new, being extensively documented by government reports and research from the late nineteenth century (see for example Gregson and Quinlan in Labor Hist. 62:534–550, 2020; Quinlan in Int. J. Health Serv. 43:721–744, 2013; Quinlan et al. in Saf. Sci. 57:283–292, 2013)). This paper focuses on the connection between subcontracting and workplace disasters, how to understand their causation and what remedial measures can be taken to minimise such incidents. To do this, it draws on the Pressure, Disorganisation and Regulatory Failure (PDR) model (Bohle et al. in Work Stress 29:114–127, 2015) and the Ten Pathways framework for analysing death and disaster (Quinlan in Ten pathways to death and disaster: learning from fatal incidents in mines and other high hazard workplaces, Federation Press, Sydney, 2014).
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Gildenhard, Ingo, e John Henderson. "Text". In Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas and Camilla), 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835, 41–168. Open Book Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0158.01.
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Gildenhard, Ingo, e John Henderson. "Commentary". In Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas and Camilla), 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835, 169–406. Open Book Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0158.02.
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Gildenhard, Ingo, e John Henderson. "Camilla". In Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas and Camilla), 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835, 407–566. Open Book Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0158.03.
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Gildenhard, Ingo, e John Henderson. "Introduction". In Virgil, Aeneid 11 (Pallas and Camilla), 1–224, 498–521, 532–96, 648–89, 725–835, 1–40. Open Book Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0158.04.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Alkene and Alkyne Metathesis: Grandisol (Goess), 8-Epihalosilane (Kouklovsky/Vincent), (+)-Chinensiolide B (Hall)". In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0033.
Abstract (sommario):
The cost of using Grubbs-type catalysts could be reduced dramatically if the turnover could be improved. Richard L. Pederson of Materia found (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 984) that in MTBE at 50°C, the ring-closing metathesis of 1 proceeded to completion in 8 hours with just 500 ppm of H2 catalyst 2. Jianhui Wang of Tianjin University constructed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4425) a modified H2 catalyst 5 tethered to a nitrobenzospiropyran. After the cyclization of 4 to 6 was run in CH2Cl2, the mixture was irradiated with visible light, converting 5 into its ionic form, which could be extracted with glycol/methanol, leaving little Ru residue in the cyclized product. In the dark, the catalyst reverted and could be extracted back into CH2Cl2 and reused. In a complementary approach, David W. Knight of Cardiff University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 638) that the residual Ru after metathesis could be reduced to < 2 ppm simply by stirring the product with H2O2. Cyclopropenes such as 6 are readily available in enantiomerically pure form by the addition of diazoacetates to alkynes. Christophe Meyer and Janine Cossy of ESPCI ParisTech showed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 248) that with a Ti additive, G2 cyclized 7 to 8. Siegfried Blechert of the Technische Universität Berlin devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 3972) the chiral Ru catalyst 11, which converted the prochiral 9 to 12 in high ee. Daesung Lee of the University of Illinois, Chicago, explored (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 8840) the cyclization of the diyne 13 with 14 under G2 catalysis. Depending on the terminal substituent, the cyclization could be directed selectively to 15 or 16. Bran C. Goess of Furman University took advantage (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 226) of alkyne ring-closing metathesis for the conversion of 17 to 18. Selective hydrogenation then delivered the boll weevil pheromone grandisol 19. Cyrille Kouklovsky and Guillaume Vincent of the Université de Paris Sud extended (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4333) ring-opening/ring-closing metathesis to the nitroso Diels-Alder adduct 20. Reduction led to 8-epihalosilane 22.
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"Notes on Hammersmith, 1632-1635". In Milton, a cura di Gordon Campbell, 107–25. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198129004.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract For 255 years students of Milton spoke with confidence of what came to be called the ‘Horton Period ‘. Then, in 1949, the publication of four Chancery Town Depositions, discovered in the Public Record Office by Charles Bernau (LR, r. 276-7, 284-7, 292-3; see note 68, below), made it clear that from 14 September 1632 to 8 January 1635-perhaps earlier, perhaps later-the Milton home was not at Horton but at Hammersmith in Middlesex. The single early biographer who had mentioned Horton, Edward Phillips, was four years old in January 1635, and evidently he had no recollection of any Hammersmith residence. We do not yet know when, or why, the Miltons moved to Hammersmith, nor do we know when, or why, they left this suburb of London to move even further into the country, to Horton. Following up Warton ‘s conjecture (1785 ed., p. 437), Harris F. Fletcher has argued, on flimsy evidence (e.g., Elegia I 50), that the family had a summer home outside the city as early as 1623 or 1625 (JEGP, LI [1952), 154-9, and Intellectual Development of Milton, I [1956), 405-14); but, if so, the place may not have been Hammersmith, and, in any case, Milton senior did not retire until sometime after September 1631. If the Seventh Profusion was composed in 1632, young John would seem to have spent the summer of 1631 in the country, somewhere (LR, I. 241). Doubtless the Miltons found a rural retreat during the plague years of 1625 and 1630, but we know nothing at all about it. For an interesting hypothesis, see Rose Clavering and John T. Shawcross, ‘Anne Milton and the Milton Residences ‘, JEGP, ux (1960), 680-90.
9
Taber, Douglass F. "Functional Group Transformations". In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
Mark Gandelman of the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 1438) a protocol for the decarboxylative conversion of an acid 1 to the iodide 3. Doug E. Frantz of the University of Texas, San Antonio effected (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6128) conversion of a β-keto ester 4 to the diene 5 by way of the vinyl triflate. Pei Nian Liu of the East China University of Science and Technology and Chak Po Lau of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 275) and Robert G. Bergman and Kenneth N. Raymond of the University of California, Berkeley (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 11964) described new Ru catalysts for the isomerization of an allylic alcohol 6 to the ketone 7. Xiaodong Shi of West Virginia University optimized (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 2584) a gold catalyst for the rearrangement of a propargylic ester 8 to the enone 9. Xue-Yuan Liu of Lanzhou University used (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3157) a Cu catalyst to add the chloramine 11 to the alkyne 10 to give 12. Kasi Pitchumani of Madurai Kamaraj University converted (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5728) the alkyne 13 into the α-amino amide 15 by reaction with the nitrone 14. Katsuhiko Tomooka of Kyushu University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 20712) hydrosilylation of the propargylic ether 16 to the alcohol 17. Matthew J. Cook of Queen’s University Belfast (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11104) and Anna M. Costa and Jaume Vilarrasa of the Universitat de Barcelona (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4934) improved the conversion of an alkenyl silane 18 to the iodide 19. Vinay Girijavallabhan of Merck/Kenilworth developed (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 6442) a Co catalyst for the Markovnikov addition of sulfide to an alkene 20. Hojat Veisi of Payame Noor University oxidized (Synlett 2011, 2315) the thiol 22 directly to the sulfonyl chloride 23. Nicholas M. Leonard of Abbott Laboratories prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 9169) the chromatography-stable O-Su ester 25 from the corresponding acid 24.
10
Taber, Douglass F. "Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cycloaddition: 7-Isocyanoamphilecta- 11(20),15-diene (Miyaoka), (–)-Scabronine G (Kanoh), Basiliolide B (Stoltz), Hirsutellone B (Uchiro), Echinopine A (Chen)". In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0078.
Abstract (sommario):
The amphilectane diterpenes, exemplified by 7-isocyanoamphilecta-11(20),15-diene 3, have been little investigated. In the course of a synthesis of 3, Hiroaki Miyaoka of the Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences took advantage (Synlett 2011, 547) of the kinetic enolization and silylation of 1 to convert it into a trienone that spontaneously cyclized to 2. Scabronine G 6, isolated from the mushroom Sarcodon scabrosus, was found to enhance the secretion of neurotrophic factors from 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. To set the absolute configuration of the two quaternary centers that are 1, 4 on the cyclohexane ring of 6, Naoki Kanoh and Yoshiharu Iwabuchi of Tohoku University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2864) 4 to 5. Although described by the authors as a double Michael addition, this transformation has the same connectivity as an intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. The diterpenes isolated from the genus Thapsia, represented by basiliolide B 9, induce rapid mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores. Brian M. Stoltz of Caltech effected (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 3688) Claisen rearrangement of 7 to give an intermediate that cyclized to 8 as a mixture of diastereomers. A significant challenge in the synthesis was the assembly of the delicate enol ether/lactone of 9. Hirsutellone B 12, isolated from Hirsutella nivea, shows significant antituberculosis activity. Hiromi Uchiro of the Tokyo University of Science found it useful (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 6268) to protect the intermediate unsaturated keto ester by intermolecular cycloaddition with pentamethylcyclopentadiene before constructing the triene of 10. Simple thermolysis reversed the intermolecular addition, opening the way to intramolecular cycloaddition to give 11. The tetracyclic ring system of the diterpene echinopine A 15 represents a substantial synthetic challenge. David Y.-K. Chen of Seoul National University approached this problem (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5724) by Pd-mediated cyclization of 13 to the diene, which then underwent intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition to give 14, with control of the relative configuration of two of the three ternary centers of 15. Double bond migration followed by oxidative cleavage of the resulting cyclohexenone then set the stage for the intramolecular cyclopropanation that completed the synthesis of 15.
Atti di convegni sul tema "628.530 284":
1
Pint, Bruce A., Robert G. Brese e James R. Keiser. "Effect of Pressure and Thermal Cycling on Compatibility in CO2 for Concentrated Solar Power Applications". In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-65066.
Abstract (sommario):
A lifetime model is being developed for supercritical CO2 (sCO2) compatibility for the 30 year duty life for concentrated solar power (CSP) applications at >700°C to achieve higher efficiencies than other power cycles. Alloys 740H, 282, 625 and Fe-base alloy 25 are being evaluated in 500-h cycles at 1 bar and 300 bar, and 10-h cycles in 1 bar industrial grade CO2 at 700°–800°C. For comparison, companion experiments are being conducted in 1 bar air or O2. Using mass change, all of the alloys showed low mass gains with parabolic rate constants below the performance metric after 1000 h. However, alloy 25 showed a higher rate at 700°C in 300 bar sCO2 and did not follow an Arrhenius relationship. After 1500 h in 1 bar CO2, a much faster rate was observed for alloy 25 due to the formation of Fe2O3, but a similar increase was not observed in 300 bar CO2. Oxide thickness measurements have been completed after 1000 h in each condition. Only minor differences were noted between the 1 and 300 bar exposures. Up to 4,000 h exposures in 10-h cycles has not resulted in evidence of scale spallation but very small mass losses for alloy 625 were consistently observed. As longer exposures times are completed, quantification of the reaction products as a function time will be used to better model the degradation rate and additional characterization techniques will be included to further develop the model.
2
Łatka, L., L. Pawłowski, A. Cattini, A. Denoirjean, D. Chicot, S. Kozerski e F. Petit. "Mechanical Properties of Yttria and Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Obtained by Suspension Plasma Spraying". In ITSC 2012, a cura di R. S. Lima, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, A. McDonald e F. L. Toma. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2012p0805.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Plasma generated by an SG-100 torch was applied to spray suspension formulated with the use of ZrO2+8 wt% Y2O3 (8YSZ) and ZrO2+24 wt% CeO2+2.5 wt% Y2O3 (24CeYSZ) as solid phases. The solids have the mean size of about 4.5 µm for 8YSZ and 3.9 µm 24CeYSZ and were obtained by milling of commercial powders Metco 204 NS and Metco 205NS, respectively. The suspensions were formulated with the use of 20 wt% solid phase, 40 wt% water, and 40 wt.% ethanol. The plasma spray parameters were optimized by keeping constant: (i) the electric power at 40 kW (ii) the working gases composition 45 slpm of Ar and 5 slpm of H2. On the other hand, the spray distance was varied from 40 to 60 mm and torch linear speed was varied from 300 to 500 mm/s. The coatings were sprayed onto stainless steel substrates to reach the thickness ranging from 70 to 110 µm (8YSZ) and about 70 µm (24CeYSZ). The coating microstructures were analyzed with the use of a scanning electron microscope. Mechanical properties were tested with the use of indentation and scratch tests. The indentation test was carried out with various loads ranging from 100 to 10,000 mN to determine elastic modulus and Martens microhardness. Young’s modulus of the coatings was in the range 71 to 107 GPa for 8YSZ and 68 to 130 GPa for 24CeYSZ. Scratch tests were conducted to determine the scratch macrohardness.
3
Арутюнова, М. С., М. И. Евлоева, А. С. Северина, С. А. Мартынов, И. И. Клефортова, М. Ш. Шамхалова e М. В. Шестакова. "РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ И ПРЕДИКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ И ПОЧЕЧНОЙ ПАТОЛОГИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 1 ТИПА ДЛИТЕЛЬНОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ (БОЛЕЕ 20 ЛЕТ)". In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-58.
Abstract (sommario):
ЦЕЛЬ: оценить распространенность и предикторы развития хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и сер-
дечно-сосудистой (СС) патологии у пациентов с длительным течением сахарного диабета 1 типа (СД1).
МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование включено 500 пациентов с длительностью СД1≥20 лет.
Проведены клинико-лабораторные, антропометрические методы обследования, оценка распространен-
ности ХБП и СС патологии.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: средний возраст пациентов на момент включения в исследование составил 42 года
(35;53; 22-83); средний возраст дебюта СД1=13 лет (8;20;1-50); средняя длительность СД1=28 лет
(23;34; 21-57). У 63,2% пациентов имелась ХБП различных стадий: С1А2 - 14 (2,9%), С1А3 – 4 (0,9%), С2А2 –
23 (4,6%), С2А3 - 7 (1,4%), С3а – 47 (9,4%), С3б – 26 (5,2%), С4 – 58 (11,6%), С5 – 77 (15,4%), где 70 пациентов
(14%) находились на заместительной почечной терапии гемодиализом; после трансплантации - 60 (12%).
Из 500 пациентов у 87 (17,4%) пациентов - ишемическая болезнь сердца, 83 (16,6%) -хроническая сер-
дечная недостаточность, 15 (3%) - аритмия, 298 (59,6%) - атеросклероз артерий нижних конечностей,
173 (34,6%) брахиоцефальных артерий, 11 (2,2%) почечных артерий, 34 (6,8%) перенесли инфаркт миокарда,
21 (4,2%) - острые нарушения мозгового кровообращения.
Факторы, влиявшие на развитие ХБП: возраст пациента ≤ 25 лет: ОШ=7,53 (95%ДИ 2,18;26,0; p=0,001),
26–45 лет: ОШ=3,92 (95%ДИ 1,83;8,38; p<0,001) vs возраст пациента≥46 лет; длительность СД1=20 лет
vs 21-30 лет ОШ=22,22 (95%ДИ 8,70;58,82; p<0,001) и vs >30 лет ОШ=45,46 (95%ДИ 7,52;71,43; p<0,001).
Манифестация СД1 в 1996-2002 гг. снижала риск развития ХБП в 10,75 раз (95% ДИ 4,37; 27,03) vs мани-
фестация СД ранее. Возраст дебюта СД1 6-17 лет повышал риск достижения терминальной ХБП (тХБП)
и трансплантации vs возраст дебюта >18 лет: ОШ=2,4 (95% ДИ 1,22; 5,022; р=0,012). Наличие выраженной
артериальной гипертензии (АГ) повышало риск прогрессирования до тХБП и трансплантации почки:
ОШ=15,3 (95%ДИ 2,1;112,3; р=0,007). Факторы повышения риска развития СС патологии: систолическое
артериальное давление>140 мм рт.ст. ОШ=3,5 (95%ДИ 2,2-5,6; p<0,001), гипертрофия левого желудочка
ОШ 5,4 (95%ДИ 3,6-8,2; p<0,001), АГ ОШ=8,8 (95%ДИ 4,9-15,7; p<0,001), курение ОШ=2,1 (95%ДИ 1,3-3,1;
p<0,001); рСКФ<60 мл/мин/1,73 м2 ОШ=7,1 (95%ДИ 3,6-8,4; p<0,001), рСКФ <30 мл/мин/1,73 м2 ОШ=8,7
(95%ДИ 2,8-8,4; p<0,001), рСКФ <15 мл/мин/1,73 м2 ОШ=14 (95%ДИ 6,3-31,3; p<0,001); альбуминурия разовой
мочи более 20 мг/л ОШ=2,4 (95%ДИ 1,6-3,6; p<0,001), диализ ОШ=14,1 (95%ДИ 6,2-32,1; p<0,001), трансплан-
тация почки ОШ=11,7 (95%ДИ 5,4-24,9; p<0,001). Мужской пол и ожирение не оказали значимого влияния
на развитие СС патологии.
ВЫВОДЫ: результаты исследования определили прогностические факторы развития и прогрессиро-
вания почечной патологии у пациентов с длительным течением СД1 (более молодой возраст, длитель-
ность заболевания не более 20 лет, возраст дебюта от 6 до 17 лет) с меньшим шансом ее развития у лиц
с манифестацией СД1 после 1996-2002 гг. Снижение почечной функции, особенно развитие терминаль-
ных стадий ХБП, существенно увеличивает риск СС патологии, превышая по значимости традиционные
факторы риска
4
Patel, Hemal, Ashley Milner, Caleb Pascoe, Wargha Peiman, Graham Richards, Lisa Grande e Igor Pioro. "Thermal Aspects of Using Thorium Dioxide as Alternative Nuclear Fuel in SuperCritical Water-Cooled Reactors". In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29975.
Abstract (sommario):
SuperCritical Water-Cooled nuclear Reactors (SCWRs) are one of six choices for Generation IV (Gen IV) reactor concepts. These reactors use light water as a coolant and operate at a pressure of 25 MPa, inlet temperatures 280–350°C and an outlet temperature up to 625°C. Operating at these elevated temperatures and pressures are beneficial due to: 1) increased gross thermal efficiency of SCW Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) (from 30%–35% of the current NPPs to 45%–50%) and 2) decreased capital and operational costs. Use of SCW as a reactor coolant will permit a direct-cycle steam circuit. SCWRs eliminate the need for steam generators, steam separators, and steam dryers. Another advantage of SCWRs is a possibility for hydrogen co-generation through thermochemical cycles. At these extreme operating conditions we must be ensured that all fuel-channel materials, i.e., sheath (clad) and fuel, will operate below accepted temperature limits. The industry accepted limit for the fuel centerline temperature is 1850°C, and the design limit for sheath temperature is 850°C. Material investigations have begun with existing NPP fuel-channel designs. Previous studies with UO2 fuel at SCW conditions have indicated that the fuel centerline temperature may exceed the temperature limit. Zirconium alloys cannot operate at temperature beyond 350–500°C due to high corrosion rates. Therefore, Inconel-600 was chosen as a sheath material since is maintains a high yield strength and corrosion resistance at high temperatures. Uranium dioxide fuel is widely used and world resources are becoming limited. Thoria or thorium dioxide (ThO2) is considered as an alternative nuclear fuel and offers many benefits. Thorium dioxide is compliant to the Non-Proliferation Treaty, abundant in global reserves and has higher thermal conductivity than that of UO2. An objective of this paper is to determine the suitability of ThO2 fuel in an Inconel-600-sheath fuel bundle within an SCWR fuel channel. Bulk-fluid, outer-sheath and fuel centerline temperature profiles along with Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) profiles were computed along the heated length of a bundle string at the maximum heat flux.
5
Blunck, David, Dale Shouse, Craig Neuroth, Ryan Battelle, Amy Lynch, Balu Sekar, Joseph Zelina et al. "Experimental and Computational Studies of an Ultra-Compact Combustor". In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-94372.
Abstract (sommario):
Reducing the weight and decreasing pressure losses of aviation gas turbine engines improves the thrust-to-weight ratio and improves efficiency. In ultra-compact combustors (UCCs), engine length is reduced and pressure losses are decreased by merging a combustor with adjacent components using a systems engineering approach. High-pressure turbine inlet vanes can be placed in a combustor to form a UCC. Eliminating the compressor outlet guide vanes (OGVs) and maintaining swirl through the diffuser can result in further reduction in engine length and weight. Cycle analysis indicates that a 2.4% improvement in engine weight and a 0.8% increase in thrust-specific fuel consumption are possible when a UCC is used. Experiments and analysis were performed in an effort to understand key physical and chemical processes within a trapped-vortex UCC. Experiments were performed using a combustor operating at pressures in the range of 520–1030 kPa (75–150 psi) and inlet temperature of 480–620 K (865–1120 °R). The primary reaction zone is in a single trapped-vortex cavity where the equivalence ratio was varied from 0.7 to 1.8. Combustion efficiencies and NOx emissions were measured and exit temperature profiles obtained, for various air loadings, cavity equivalence ratios, and configurations with and without turbine inlet vanes. A combined diffuser-flameholder (CDF) was used in configurations without vanes to study the interaction of cavity and core flows. Higher combustion efficiency was achieved when the forward-to-aft momentum ratios of the air jets in the cavity were near unity or higher. Discrete jets of air immediately above the cavity result in the highest combustion efficiency. The air jets reinforce the vortex structure within the cavity, as confirmed through coherent structure velocimetry of high-speed images. A more uniform temperature profile was observed at the combustor exit when a CDF is used instead of vanes. This is the result of increased mass transport along the face of the flame holder. Emission indices of NOx were between 3.5 and 6.5 g/kgfuel for all test conditions. Ultra-compact combustors (with a single cavity) can be run with higher air loadings than those employed in previous testing with a trapped-vortex combustor (two cavities) with similar combustion efficiencies being maintained. The results of this study suggest that the length of combustors and adjacent components can be reduced by employing a systems level approach.
6
Maulidani, Oki, Christian Bonilla, Monica Paredes, Pedro Escalona, Jorge Villalobos, Luciano Bravo, Diego Estevez et al. "Digitalization Creates the Big Picture of Integrated ESP Optimization in Shushufindi Field". In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204513-ms.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Electrical submersible pump (ESP) is the main artificial lift system in Shushufindi field. These systems besides facing high gas production, high scale and corrosion tendencies, also have to deal with surface fluid handling and electrical power limitations which combined impose challenges to optimize the ESP system. In perspective, the digitalization initiative has been key to integrate data in order to have a big picture of the actual field condition and ultimately to enhance oil production. Various dashboards have been created using the business intelligence tool to provide real time information. ESP dashboard shows opportunities to optimize the ESP unit by integrating real time and manual entry data to optimize frequency, surface equipment, opportunities for pump upsizing, and re-designing the ESP downhole equipment. The result of this analysis is derived from ESP simulation, nodal analysis, chemical treatment monitoring and real time surveillance of the ESP parameters. Dashboards of water handling, electrical power, and chemical treatment are utilized to support process analysis providing current field status, with also the feedback from operational and engineering recommendations. Comprehensive real time monitoring resulted in average of 500 bopd less production deferment in the last 12 months as the result of early detection and a proper operational optimization (chemical treatment, gas flaring, and choke optimization) of the unstable wells. Strategic decisions have been executed to ensure the availability of water handling capacity and electrical power for each production station such as stimulating disposal wells, cleaning injection flowlines, and repairing power generations. Up to 3,000 bopd total incremental has been generated in the last 12 months as the result of 17 upsizing operations, optimizing frequency in 68 wells, and optimizing surface equipment in 35 wells. The associated mean time between failures (MTBF) of ESP system has increased over the time from 224 days in 2013 to 674 days in 2020. Digitalization is a game changer for optimizing the oilfield production and to reduce associated operation risks from features as of real time surveillance, EDGE computing, remote actuation, and big data intelligence. This paper will elaborate in detail on how digitalization can be valuable in optimizing ESP system with a successful case study in Shushufindi field.
7
Sheets, Colton, Taylor Shie e Adam Crawford. "Thin-Wall Pipeline Repair: Evaluation of Reinforcement Systems and Internal Temperature Monitoring During Maintenance Procedures". In 2018 12th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2018-78647.
Abstract (sommario):
There are many options available to pipeline operators when addressing anomalies or integrity threats. Repairing integrity threats requires an understanding of both the anomaly to be repaired, and the repair system itself. This can be challenging as pipeline repair systems come in a wide variety of materials, application techniques, and designs. Operators have similar challenges when performing maintenance activities on operating pipelines. Maintenance activities can take many different forms and often involve welding or other high temperature processes on the outside pipe surface. These processes can result in elevated temperatures on the inside surface of the pipeline and must be seriously considered before undertaking to ensure the safety of personnel performing the tasks and to protect the integrity of the pipeline. This study aimed to provide a greater understanding of pipeline reinforcement systems and maintenance activities as they relate specifically to thin-walled pipelines. To evaluate systems reinforcing thin-wall pipes, five different repair systems were investigated using 12.75-inch × 0.219-inch, Gr. X65 pipe that had been removed from service. The systems included a Type B steel sleeve, an epoxy-filled, interference fit, Type A steel sleeve, a hybrid steel sleeve-fiberglass based composite repair system, epoxy-filled oversized Type A steel sleeves, and a rigid coil, pre-cured, fiberglass-based composite repair system. Each system was used to reinforce a simulated 50% wall loss anomaly and was installed with the pipe samples maintained at an internal pressure equal to 33% of the pipe’s specified minimum yield strength (SMYS). The samples underwent pressure cycling and hydrostatic testing while strains in the simulated wall loss region were continually monitored. As a final step, the samples were burst tested. Monitoring of strain gages installed in the simulated wall loss anomaly allowed for comparisons to be made between the tested repair systems. It was observed that the recorded strain magnitudes and strain ranges were higher in some samples than others during testing. This allowed the systems to be ranked according to the recorded strains. Although differences were observed in the recorded strains, burst testing showed that all reinforcement systems were able to force failure to the base pipe outside of the simulated wall loss region. Maintenance procedures were also evaluated to identify those that could produce unacceptable temperatures on the inside surface of the thin-wall pipe. The maintenance procedures included installation of Type A steel sleeves (non-pressure containing), Type B steel sleeves (pressure containing), cad welds, and pin brazing cathodic protection (CP) test leads. Temperatures were monitored on the internal pipe surface using thermocouples and an infrared (IR) camera while the maintenance procedures were being performed. An internal surface temperature of 500 °F (260 °C) was set as the threshold for suitability. Monitoring of the Type B steel sleeve installation showed temperatures on the inside surface of the pipe that exceeded 1,200 °F (648 °C) when performing the circumferential weld at each end of the steel sleeve. A maximum temperature of 280 °F (137 °C) was recorded when making the longitudinal welds that included a backing strip. For the application being considered, this indicated that Type A steel sleeves (longitudinal welds only) could be installed within the required temperature limits. A maximum internal temperature of 936 °F (502 °C) was recorded during cad-welding. Pin-brazing was slightly lower, but also exceeded the 500 °F threshold. This testing confirmed that the installation of Type B steel sleeves, cad welding, or pin brazing should receive scrutiny before being performed on operating thin-wall pipelines.
8
Каширина, Е. Ж., Е. П. Каширина, П. А. Черданцева, Я. А. Яшкина, Ю. Б. Королева e Т. П. Маклакова. "ДИАГНОСТИКА НЕКЛАССИЧЕСКОГО ВАРИАНТА ДЕФИЦИТА C-21 ГИДРОКСИЛАЗЫ В РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ)". In X (XXIX) НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ КОНГРЕСС ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГОВ с международным участием «Персонализированная медицина и практическое здравоохранение». ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии» Минздрава России, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/cong23-26.05.23-213.
Abstract (sommario):
Врожденная дисфункция надпочечников (ВДКН) - группа аутосомно-рецессивных заболеваний, при которых происходит дефект одного из ферментов или транспортных белков, принимающих участие в синтезе
кортизола в коре надпочечников. В РФ неонатальный скрининг на выявление дефицита 21-гидроксилазы
проводится в обязательном порядке, согласно приказу Минздравсоцразвития РФ от 22.03.2006 N 185.
Приводим свое клиническое наблюдение.
Клинический случай: пациентка С., 19 лет, обратилась с жалобами к гинекологу на нарушение менструального цикла, угревые высыпания на лице, груди, головные боли. Из анамнеза: менархе наступили в 14 лет,
менструальный цикл до 16 лет был регулярный. В последующем появилась нерегулярность цикла (опсоменарея), акне, чему пациентка не предала значения. В 2021 году обратилась за медицинской помощью.
После осмотра гинеколога, который диагностировал гипертрофированный клитор и признаки генитального инфантилизма 2 ст. по УЗИ диагностике органов малого таза, пациентка направлена к эндокринологу.
Объективно: на лице множественные акне, единичные волосы остевые на подбородке, усиленный рост
волос на предплечьях, телосложение по женскому типу, рост - 154 см, вес - 51,5 кг, ИМТ - 22кг/м2
, костно - мышечный аппарат без видимых изменений, дыхание везикулярное, чд 16 в мин, АД 130/80 мм.рт.ст,
пульс - 68 в мин., молочные железы - v степени развития по Таннеру. Щитовидная железа не увеличена,
безболезненная, смещаемая, узлов нет. Половое оволосение по женскому типу. Лабораторные данные:
ОАК: гемоглобин -158 г/л, эритроциты - 5,19×1012, лейкоформула без патологии, тромбоциты -289×109
.
Биохимический анализ крови: глюкоза крови - 5,3 ммоль/л, калий - 3,7ммоль/л, натрий - 138 ммоль/л, общий
белок - 75,2 г/л, креатинин - 66 ммоль/л. Гормональный профиль: ТТГ - 1,23мМЕ/л, Т4св - 10,1 пмоль/л, тестостерон общий - 15,09 нмоль/л, ДГЭА-S - 838,7 мкг/дл, тестостерон свободный - 0,329 нмоль/л, ФСГ - 7,6 МЕ/л,
ЛГ - 2,3 МЕ/л, пролактин - 329,6 мМЕ/л., 17-OH-прогестерон - >35нмоль/л (26.11.2021), 17-OH-прогестерон -
1021 нмоль/л от (21.12.2021). По УЗИ почки и надпочечники без патологии. В связи с высоким уровнем
17-OH-прогестерона (соответственно клиническим рекомендациям), генетическое исследование не проведено. Диагностирована ВДКН, неклассическая форма и назначена терапия преднизолоном в дозе 5 мг/сут.
Через месяц терапии уменьшилось количество акне, уровень 17-OH-прогестерона - 500 нмоль/л. С 21.07.22.
по 26.07.22 г находилась на стационарном лечении в эндокринном отделении ГАУЗ НГКБ №1. Выявлено снижение уровня кортизола до 40 нмоль/л. В связи с высокими показателями 17-OH-прогестерона и диагностированной ятрогенной надпочечниковой недостаточностью, рекомендовано повышение преднизолона
до 10 мг вечером, с подключением кортефа 10 мг утром. На данной терапии стабилизировался менструальный цикл, прекратился рост волос на лице, исчезли акне. Уровень 17-OH-прогестерона - 4,03 нмоль/л
(25.08.2022). Заключение: в данном клиническом случае показана поздняя диагностика заболевания,
которая и привела к развитию выраженной клинической картины.
9
Barbosa, Fábio C. "High Speed Intercity and Urban Passenger Transport Maglev Train Technology Review: A Technical and Operational Assessment". In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1227.
Abstract (sommario):
Magnetic levitation (maglev) is a highly advanced technology which provides, through magnetic forces, contactless movement with no wear and friction and, hence, improved efficiency, followed by reduced operational costs. It can be used in many fields, from wind turbines to nuclear energy and elevators, among others. Maglev trains, which use magnetic levitation, guidance and propulsion systems, with no wheels, axles and transmission, are one of the most important application of the maglev concept, and represents the first fundamental innovation of rail technology since the launch of the railroad era. Due to its functional features, which replaces mechanical components by a wear free concept, maglev is able to overcome some of the technical restrictions of steel-wheel on rail (SWR) technology, running smoother and somewhat quieter than wheeled systems, with the potential for higher speeds, acceleration & braking rates and unaffected by weather, which ultimately makes it attractive for both high speed intercity and low speed urban transport applications. From a technical perspective, maglev transport might rely on basically 3 technological concepts: i) electromanetic suspension (EMS), based on the attraction effect of electromagnets on the vehicle body, that are attracted to the iron reactive rails (with small gaps and an unstable process that requires a refined control system); ii) Electrodynamic Levitation (EDL), which levitates the train with repulsive forces generated from the induced currents, resulted from the temporal variation of a magnetic field in the conductive guide ways and iii) Superconducting Levitation (SML), based on the so called Meissner Effect of superconductor materials. Each of these technologies present distinct maturity and specific technical features, in terms of complexity, performance and costs, and the one that best fits will depend on the required operational features of a maglev system (mainly speed). A short distance maglev shuttle first operated commercially for 11 years (1984 to 1995) connecting Birmingham (UK) airport to the the city train station. Then, high-speed full size prototype maglev systems have been demonstrated in Japan (EDL) (552 kph - 343 mph), and Germany (EMS) (450 kph - 280 mph). In 2004, China has launched a commercial high speed service (based on the German EMS technology), connecting the Pudong International Airport to the outskirts of the city of Shanghai. Japan has launched a low speed (up to 100 kph - 62.5 mph) commercial urban EMS maglev service (LIMINO, in 2005), followed by Korea (Incheon, in 2016) and China (Changsha, in 2016). Moreover, Japan is working on the high speed Maglev concept, with the so called Chuo Shinkansen Project, to connect Tokio to Nagoya, in 2027, with top speeds of 500 kph (310 mph). China is also working on a high speed maglev concept (600 kph - 375 mph), supported on EMS Maglev technology. Urban Maglev concept seeks to link large cities, with their satellite towns and suburbs, to downtown areas, as a substitute for subways, due to its low cost potential, compared to metros and light rail (basically due to their lower turning radius, grade ability and energy efficiency). High Speed Maglev is also seen as a promising technology, with the potential do provide high quality passenger transport service between cities in the 240–1,000 km (150–625 mi) distance range into a sustainable and reliable way. This work is supposed to present, based on a compilation of a multitude of accredited and acknowledged technical sources, a review of the maglev transport technology, emphasizing its potential and risks of the low and high speed (urban and intercity) market, followed by a brief summary of some case studies.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "628.530 284":
1
Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen e Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.
Abstract (sommario):
The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
2
Marinkovic, Catalina, e Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Is Energy Planning Consistent with Climate Goals? Assessing Future Emissions from Power Plants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, ottobre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005183.
Abstract (sommario):
At least ten Latin American and Caribbean countries have pledged to achieve carbon neutrality. Has electricity planning in the region evolved towards reaching these goals? We compare power generation capacity in 2023 to announced plans in 2019. We then estimate committed emissions from existing and planned power plants that is emissions that would result from the normal operations of these plants during their typical lifetime and compare them to emissions from power generation in published IPCC scenarios. We find that fossil fuel planned capacity has decreased by 47% since 2019, mainly due to the cancellation of 50% of coal and 40% of gas projects, compared to only 32% of renewable energy projects. But existing plants in the region will emit 6.7 GtCO2 during their lifespan, and if all planned plants are built, they will add 4.9 GtCO2, totaling 11.6 GtCO2, exceeding median carbon budgets for 1.5 and 2C-consistent IPCC pathways (2.3 and 4.3 GtCO2). Natural gas power plants are the largest contributor to existing (62%) and planned (75%) emissions (versus 24% and 23% for coal). We evaluate emissions reduction strategies to achieve carbon budgets. Assuming no new coal plants comes into operation, announced gas and oil projects are canceled at the same rate as in the past four years, all fossil fueled plant lifetimes are reduced by 10 years, and all new natural gas displaces existing coal, committed emissions fall by 59%, almost meeting the 2C budget, but still twice as large as the median 1.5C budget. Our results suggest that while progress is being made, energy planning in the region is not yet consistent with global climate goals as reflected by the IPCC scenario database.
3
Pavlovic, Noel, Barbara Plampin, Gayle Tonkovich e David Hamilla. Special flora and vegetation of Indiana Dunes National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302417.
Abstract (sommario):
The Indiana Dunes (comprised of 15 geographic units (see Figure 1) which include Indiana Dunes National Park, Dunes State Park, and adjacent Shirley Heinze Land Trust properties) are remarkable in the Midwest and Great Lakes region for the vascular plant diversity, with an astounding 1,212 native plant species in an area of approximately 16,000 acres! This high plant diversity is the result of the interactions among postglacial migrations, the variety of soil substrates, moisture conditions, topography, successional gradients, ?re regimes, proximity to Lake Michigan, and light levels. This richness is all the more signi?cant given the past human alterations of the landscape resulting from logging; conversion to agriculture; construction of transportation corridors, industrial sites, and residential communities; ?re suppression; land abandonment; and exotic species invasions. Despite these impacts, multiple natural areas supporting native vegetation persist. Thus, each of the 15 units of the Indiana Dunes presents up to eight subunits varying in human disturbance and consequently in ?oristic richness. Of the most signi?cant units of the park in terms of number of native species, Cowles Dunes and the Dunes State Park stand out from all the other units, with 786 and 686 native species, respectively. The next highest ranked units for numbers of native species include Keiser (630), Furnessville (574), Miller Woods (551), and Hoosier Prairie (542). The unit with lowest plant richness is Heron Rookery (220), with increasing richness in progression from Calumet Prairie (320), Hobart Prairie Grove (368), to Pinhook Bog (380). Signi?cant natural areas, retaining native vegetation composition and structure, include Cowles Bog (Cowles Dunes Unit), Howes Prairie (Cowles Dunes), Dunes Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Dunes Prairie Nature Preserve (Dunes State Park), Pinhook Bog, Furnessville Woods (Furnessville), Miller Woods, Inland Marsh, and Mnoke Prairie (Bailly). Wilhelm (1990) recorded a total of 1,131 native plant species for the ?ora of the Indiana Dunes. This was similar to the 1,132 species recorded by the National Park Service (2014) for the Indiana Dunes. Based on the nomenclature of Swink and Wilhelm (1994), Indiana Dunes National Park has 1,206 native plant species. If we include native varieties and hybrids, the total increases to 1,244 taxa. Based on the nomenclature used for this report?the Flora of North America (FNA 2022), and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS 2022)?Indiana Dunes National Park houses 1,206 native vascular plant species. As of this writing (2020), the Indiana Dunes is home to 37% of the species of conservation concern in Indiana (241 out of 624 Indiana-listed species): state extirpated = 10 species, state endangered = 75, and state threatened = 100. Thus, 4% of the state-listed species in the Indiana Dunes are extirpated, 31% endangered, and 41% threatened. Watch list and rare categories have been eliminated. Twenty-nine species once documented from the Indiana Dunes may be extirpated because they have not been seen since 2001. Eleven have not been seen since 1930 and 15 since 1978. If we exclude these species, then there would be a total of 1,183 species native to the Indiana Dunes. Many of these are cryptic in their life history or diminutive, and thus are di?cult to ?nd. Looking at the growth form of native plants, <1% (nine species) are clubmosses, 3% (37) are ferns, 8% (297) are grasses and sedges, 56% (682) are forbs or herbs, 1% (16) are herbaceous vines, <1% (7) are subshrubs (woody plants of herbaceous stature), 5% (60) are shrubs, 1% (11) are lianas (woody vines), and 8% (93) are trees. Of the 332 exotic species (species introduced from outside North America), 65% (219 species) are forbs such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), 15% (50 species) are graminoids such as phragmites (Phragmites australis ssp. australis), 2% (seven species) are vines such as ?eld bindweed (Convulvulus arvensis), <1% (two species) are subshrubs such as Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), 8% (28 species) are shrubs such as Asian bush honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.), 1% (three species) are lianas such as oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), and 8% (23 species) are trees such as tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissimus). Of the 85 adventive species, native species that have invaded from elsewhere in North America, 14% (11 species) are graminoids such as broom sedge (Andropogon virginicus), 57% (48 species) are forbs such as fall phlox (Phlox paniculata), 5% (six species) are shrubs such as Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus), 3% (two species) are subshrubs such as holly leaved barberry (Berberis repens), 1% (one species) is a liana (trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), 3% two species) are herbaceous vines such as tall morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), and 17% (15 species) are trees such as American holly (Ilex opaca). A total of 436 species were found to be ?special? based on political rankings (federal and state-listed threatened and endangered species), species with charismatic ?owers, and those that are locally rare.
4
Muldavin, Esteban, Yvonne Chauvin, Teri Neville, Hannah Varani, Jacqueline Smith, Paul Neville e Tani Hubbard. A vegetation classi?cation and map: Guadalupe Mountains National Park. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302855.
Abstract (sommario):
A vegetation classi?cation and map for Guadalupe Mountains National Park (NP) is presented as part of the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring - Vegetation Inventory Program to classify, describe, and map vegetation communities in more than 280 national park units across the United States. Guadalupe Mountains NP lies in far west Texas and contains the highest point in the state, Guadalupe Peak (8,751 ft; 2,667 m). The mountain escarpments descend some 5,000 ft (1,500 m) to the desert basins below forming a complex geologic landscape that supports vegetation communities ranging from montane coniferous forests down to desert grasslands and scrub. Following the US National Vegetation Classi?cation (USNVC) standard, we identi?ed 129 plant associations hierarchically tiered under 29 groups and 17 macrogroups, making it one of the most ecologically diverse National Park Service units in the southwestern United States. An aspect that adds to this diversity is that the park supports communities that extend southward from the Rocky Mountains (?ve macrogroups) and Great Plains (one macrogroup) and northward from the Chihuahuan Desert (two macrogroups) and Sierra Madre Orientale of Mexico (three macrogroups). The remaining six macrogroups are found in the Great Basin (one macrogroup), and throughout the southwestern United States (remaining ?ve macrogroups). Embedded in this matrix are gypsum dunelands and riparian zones and wetlands that add further complexity. We describe in detail this vegetation classi?cation, which is based on 540 vegetation plots collected between 2006 and 2010. Full descriptions and diagnostic keys to the plant associations along with an overall plant species list are provided as appendices. Based on the vegetation classi?cation and associated plot data, the vegetation map was developed using a combined strategy of automated digital object-oriented image classi?cation and direct-analog image interpretation of four-band National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial photography from 2004 and 2008 and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite imagery. The map is designed to facilitate ecologically-based natural resource management at a 1:24,000 scale with 0.5-ha minimum map unit size. The map legend is hierarchically structured: the upper Level 1 consists of 16 map units corresponding in most cases to the USNVC group level, and an additional map unit describing built-up land and agriculture; Level 2 is composed of 48 nested map units re?ecting various combinations of plant associations. A ?eld-based accuracy assessment using 341 vegetation plots revealed a Level 1 overall accuracy of 79% with 90% CI of 74?84% and 68% with 90% CI of 59?76% at Level 2. An annotated legend with summary descriptions of the units, distribution maps, aerial photo examples of map unit polygons, and representative photos are provided in Appendix D. Large wall-size poster maps at 1:35,000 scale were also produced following NPS cartographic standards. The report, plot data, and spatial layers are available at National Park Service Vegetation Mapping Program https://www.nps.gov/im/vegetation-inventory.htm). Outcomes from this project provide the most detailed vegetation classi?cation and highest resolution mapping for Guadalupe Mountains NP to date to support many uses including ?re, recreation, vegetation, and wildlife management, among others. The upper Level 1 map is particularly suited to landscape-scale, park-wide planning and linkages to its sister park, Carlsbad Caverns NP. The Level 2 mapping provides added detail for use at a more localized project scale. The overall accuracy of the maps was good, but because Guadalupe Mountains NP is primarily wilderness park, there were logistical challenges to map development and testing in remote areas that should be considered in planning management actions. In this context, some map units would bene?t from further development and accuracy assessment. In particular, a higher resolution mapping of McKittrick Creek riparian habitat at 1:6,000 scale or ?ner is recommended for this important habitat in the park. In addition, developing a structural canopy height model from LiDAR imagery would be useful to more accurately quantify woody canopy density and height to support ?re management and other habitat management issues. With respect to understanding vegetation dynamics in this time of rapid environmental change, the 540 vegetation plots themselves are su?ciently georeferenced and have the data resolution to be useful in detecting change at the decadal scales across much of the park. To this end, an additional recommendation would be to install more plots to ?ll the gaps among the main vegetation units of the park, both spatially and thematically. Overall, the Vegetation and Classi?cation Map for Guadalupe Mountains NP will support the park?s management e?orts and enhance regional understanding of vegetation and ecology of ecosystems of the southwestern United States.
5
Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André e Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
Abstract (sommario):
We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
6
Gender justice and planetary health. Global Health 50/50, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56649/tauj1442.
Abstract (sommario):
Dive into the critical intersection of gender justice and planetary health with our latest report. As Earth’s natural systems deteriorate, marginalised communities bear the brunt, often excluded from solutions. Our report delves into how gender considerations shape global responses to planetary health crises. Daily, communities worldwide grapple with planetary health disasters—from East Africa’s famines to Europe's wildfires. Gender differences expose individuals to varying risks, from air pollution to violence. Marginalised groups, including LGBTQ+ communities, face compounded risks due to discrimination and socioeconomic factors, emphasising the need for an intersectional approach in addressing planetary health crises. Gender justice in planetary health means equal opportunities to shape policies and decisions affecting everyone's lives. Our analysis of 114 organisations reveals gaps in gender integration in planetary health efforts. While some recognise gender inequalities' structural roots, many overlook gender entirely. Transformative gender justice demands inclusive leadership. While progress has been made in gender parity, disparities persist—particularly in representation from low- and middle-income countries. This report complements our annual Global Health 50/50 Report, highlighting organisations’ commitments to gender equality in global health. Key findings: 24% of non-profit organisations recognised structural causes of gender inequalities in their planetary health activities 37% of organisations did not mention gender in their planetary health activities. 38% of organisations focused solely on addressing the needs of women and girls. None of the organisations specifically addressed the gender roles of men/boys. 38% of CEOs in non-profit organisations were women. 48% of board chairs and 50% of board members were women. Inequalities were most evident in the representation of individuals from low- and middle-income countries on governing bodies. Only 4.5% of board members were nationals of low-income countries, while high-income country nationals held 68% of board seats. There was a lack of representation from Small Island Developing States and the 10 countries most affected by extreme weather events.