Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "620.112 0151"

Food borne diseases are of great concern globally especially in the developing countries where poor sanitation is applied during collection and processing of milk from animals. The epidemiological investigation, serotypes and distribution of verocytotoxin (VTI and VT2)- producing Escherichia coli in raw milk and milk products were determined using structured questionnaire, Cefixime tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey agar, agglutination kits and VTEC-RPLA Toxin detection Kit. Out of 27 milkers, 7.4 % had primary education, 22.2 % washed the milk utensils with cold water and soap, 11.1 % washed their hands before milking, while 7.4 % milkers washed the udder of the animals before milking. All the yoghurts had the product names; 85.7 % had NAFDAC numbers; 80.0% had Batch Numbers, while 71.4 % had Manufacturer s’ Addresses. The unpasteurized milk samples had E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts (CFU.ml-1) ranging from 4.0 x 102 to 1.7 x 103 and 6.0 x 102 to 2.0 x 103 , respectively, while E. coli 0157 and non 0157 E. coli counts of milk products were between 1.0 x 102 and 1.0 x 103 CFU.ml-1. E. coli 0157 had the highest percentage occurrence (38.3%), while E. coli 0145 had the lowest percentage occurrence (2.1%). More than 38.3% of the E. coli serotypes produced VT2, while ≥ 12.8% were VT1 producers. The occurrence of VTEC in the unpasteurized milk shows that the milkers should be enlightened on the necessary sanitary practices to adopt during milking and also post-pasteurization contamination of milk products should be avoided. Key Words: Verotoxigenic, Escherichia coli, Milk, Yoghurt, Nono, Serotypes.

Evaluation of radiation impact on biota inhabiting near nuclear facilities of radioactive release to atmosphere from reactors of different types (WWER-1200, BN-600, BN-800, UVV-2M) is consid-ered in the paper. Radiation dose rates to reference groups of terrestrial biota species (annelids, insects, large and small mammals, grasses and conifers) vary from 0.01 to 0.2 µGy/day. The im-pact of the NPP using up-to-date reactor WWER-1200 is shown to be not exceeding 1% of the to-tal radiation impact. To compare correctly radiation impacts on the biota species from radioactive release and from exposure to established radiation dose rate limits, it is necessary to take into account contribution of all constituents of radiation background. Impacts on biota species from the total exposure to radioactive release or the exposure to established radiation dose rate limits were evaluated. Estimated radiation impact from exposure to the radioactive release did not ex-ceed 0.1; the impact from the established dose rate limits was 0.9. Obtained information allows making the following conclusion: uncertainty of quantitative evaluation of radiation impact on bio-ta in planned radiation situations is mainly caused by uncertainty of established dose rate limits. There is a need to establish dose criteria for emergency, it will allow creating “weighty” radioeco-logic justification of “nuclear power plants with account for potential emergency conditions.

The article presents the results of research on the development of the recipe of the flour product «Rye crispbreads enriched with iodine». The manufacturing technology is proposed and the culinary recipe is developed, ensuring the achievement of the best organoleptic properties. When optimizing the recipe of the product, computer-aided design method (fuzzy logic) was used (via MatLab software package). As an additive for enrichment of the new products with iodine, a commercial product (dried food kelp in the form of a powder with a particle size of less than 200 microns produced by AAF LLC / Arkhangelsk Algae Factory, Arkhangelsk, Russia) was used. The experimentally established iodine content in dried kelp was 0.40±0.02% in terms of dry matter. Considering this, the amount of the ingredient that was added to the product was calculated in order to ensure that the final content rate is at least 15% (of the physiological consumption rate) and no more than the maximum daily consumption of 600 micrograms specified in the Methodological Recommendations MP 2.3.1.0253-2021 «Physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation».

Background X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLHR) is due to mutations in PHEX leading to unregulated production of FGF23 and hypophosphatemia. XLHR is characterized by leg bowing of variable severity. Phosphate supplements and oral vitamin analogs, partially or, in some cases, fully restore the limb straightness. Surgery is the alternative for severe or residual limb deformities. Objective To retrospectively assess the results of surgical limb correction in XLHR (osteotomies and bone alignment except for 3 transient hemiepiphysiodesis). Methods We analyzed the incidence of recurrence and post-surgical complications in 49 XLHR patients (29F, 20M) (mean age at diagnosis 6.0 years (± 7.1)). Results At first surgery, the mean age was 13.4 years (± 5.0). Recurrence was observed in 14/49 (29%) patients. The number of additional operations significantly decreased with age (2.0 (± 0.9), 1.7 (± 1.0) and 1.2 (± 0.4) in children <11 years, between 11 and 15, and >15 years; P < 0.001). Incidence of recurrence seemed to be lower in patients with good metabolic control of the rickets (25% vs 33%). Complications were observed in 57% of patients. Conclusion We report a large series of surgical procedures in XLHR. Our results confirm that phosphate supplements and vitamin D analog therapy is the first line of treatment to correct leg bowing. Surgery before puberty is associated with a high risk of recurrence of the limb deformity. Such procedures should only be recommended, following multidisciplinary discussions, in patients with severe distortion leading to mechanical joint and ligament complications, or for residual deformities once growth plates have fused.

Aims To develop and internally validate a preoperative clinical prediction model for acute adjacent vertebral fracture (AVF) after vertebral augmentation to support preoperative decision-making, named the after vertebral augmentation (AVA) score. Methods In this prognostic study, a multicentre, retrospective single-level vertebral augmentation cohort of 377 patients from six Japanese hospitals was used to derive an AVF prediction model. Backward stepwise selection (p < 0.05) was used to select preoperative clinical and imaging predictors for acute AVF after vertebral augmentation for up to one month, from 14 predictors. We assigned a score to each selected variable based on the regression coefficient and developed the AVA scoring system. We evaluated sensitivity and specificity for each cut-off, area under the curve (AUC), and calibration as diagnostic performance. Internal validation was conducted using bootstrapping to correct the optimism. Results Of the 377 patients used for model derivation, 58 (15%) had an acute AVF postoperatively. The following preoperative measures on multivariable analysis were summarized in the five-point AVA score: intravertebral instability (≥ 5 mm), focal kyphosis (≥ 10°), duration of symptoms (≥ 30 days), intravertebral cleft, and previous history of vertebral fracture. Internal validation showed a mean optimism of 0.019 with a corrected AUC of 0.77. A cut-off of ≤ one point was chosen to classify a low risk of AVF, for which only four of 137 patients (3%) had AVF with 92.5% sensitivity and 45.6% specificity. A cut-off of ≥ four points was chosen to classify a high risk of AVF, for which 22 of 38 (58%) had AVF with 41.5% sensitivity and 94.5% specificity. Conclusion In this study, the AVA score was found to be a simple preoperative method for the identification of patients at low and high risk of postoperative acute AVF. This model could be applied to individual patients and could aid in the decision-making before vertebral augmentation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(1):97–102.

ABSTRACTThe effects of prior vancomycin exposure on ceftaroline and daptomycin therapy against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) have not been widely studied. Humanized free-drug exposures of vancomycin at 1 g every 12 h (q12h), ceftaroline at 600 mg q12h, and daptomycin at 10 mg/kg of body weight q24h were simulated in a 96-hin vitropharmacodynamic model against three MRSA isolates, including one heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediateS. aureus(hVISA) isolate and one VISA isolate. A total of five regimens were tested: vancomycin, ceftaroline, and daptomycin alone for the entire 96 h, and then sequential therapy with vancomycin for 48 h followed by ceftaroline or daptomycin for 48 h. Microbiological responses were measured by the changes in log10CFU during 96 h from baseline. Control isolates grew to 9.16 ± 0.32, 9.13 ± 0.14, and 8.69 ± 0.28 log10CFU for MRSA, hVISA, and VISA, respectively. Vancomycin initially achieved ≥3 log10CFU reductions against the MRSA and hVISA isolates, followed by regrowth beginning at 48 h; minimal activity was observed against VISA. The change in 96-h log10CFU was largest for sequential therapy with vancomycin followed by ceftaroline (−5.22 ± 1.2,P= 0.010 versus ceftaroline) and for sequential therapy with vancomycin followed by ceftaroline (−3.60 ± 0.6,P= 0.037 versus daptomycin), compared with daptomycin (−2.24 ± 1.0), vancomycin (−1.40 ± 1.8), and sequential therapy with vancomycin followed by daptomycin (−1.32 ± 1.0,P> 0.5 for the last three regimens). Prior exposure of vancomycin at 1 g q12h reduced the initial microbiological response of daptomycin, particularly for hVISA and VISA isolates, but did not affect the response of ceftaroline. In the scenario of poor vancomycin response for high-inoculum MRSA infection, a ceftaroline-containing regimen may be preferred.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan kualitas audit, komite audit, dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) terhadap kinerja Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2020 yang diproksikan dengan ROA, baik secara parsial dan simultan. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, kualitas audit yang dihasilkan KAP Big 4 berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel komite audit, ukuran komite audit tidak mempengaruhi kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi dan frekuensi komite audit berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Pada variabel DPS, ukuran dan frekuensi rapat DPS berpengaruh negatif signfikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah, sedangkan kompetensi DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Secara simultan, kualitas audit, komite audit, serta DPS berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja bank umum syariah. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi manajemen perusahaan, sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas peran pengawasan dalam penerapan tata kelola perusahaan agar dapat mewujudkan kinerja perusahaan menjadi lebih baik. Kata Kunci: Kualitas audit, Komite audit, Dewan Pengawas Syariah, Kinerja Bank. ABSTRACT This study aims is to find out the relationship between audit quality, audit committee, and Sharia Supervisory Board (SSB) on the performance of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia in 2015-2020 as proxied by ROA, both partially and simultaneously. Through a quantitative approach with panel data regression analysis techniques, the results of the study show that partially, the audit quality produced by KAP Big 4 has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the audit committee variable, the size of the audit committee does not affect the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while the competence and frequency of the audit committee have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. In the DPS variable, the size and frequency of DPS meetings have a significant negative effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks, while DPS competence has a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. Simultaneously, audit quality, audit committee, and DPS have a significant positive effect on the performance of Islamic commercial banks. This research is expected to be useful for company management, as a consideration for increasing the effectiveness of the supervisory role in the implementation of corporate governance in order to realize better company performance. Keywords: Audit Quality, Audit committee, Shariah Supervisory Board, Banks performance. 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Aim: Investigate the role of host genetic variations in high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs). Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 238 cervical cancer patients. Variants in transport (ABCC2), xenobiotic metabolism ( GSTP, GSTT1, GSTM1, NQO1), DNA repair ( ERCC1, XRCC1), immune response ( TLR4) and apoptosis ( CASP8, FASL, p53) genes were characterized. Tumor DNA was genotyped for 14 HR-HPVs. Results: GSTP rs1695GG, XRCC1 rs1799782TT and GSTT1 del/del were associated with HPV51 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3–11.7; p = 0.02) and HPV58 (OR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2–5.8; p = 0.048), respectively. CASP8 rs3834129del/del was associated with HPV16/18 (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.0; p = 0.017) and HPV monoinfections (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.4; p = 0.008). Conclusion: GSTP, GSTT1, XRCC1 and CASP8 variants were associated with HPV-positivity. With further research, a genetic-based screening tool can be developed, to use with HPV vaccines toward preventing cervical cancer.

Background: End-stage ankle arthritis is a debilitating condition often necessitating total ankle replacement (TAR). Tendo-Achilles lengthening (TAL) and gastrocnemius recession (GR) are commonly performed with TAR to improve ankle dorsiflexion (DF). No studies to date have radiographically analyzed tibiopedal motion to guide surgical management. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a TAL or GR during TAR on radiographic tibiopedal range of motion (ROM). Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted followed by a propensity score–matched analysis of 110 patients who underwent TAL (n = 26), GR (n = 29), or no lengthening procedure (n = 55) with TAR. Minimum of 1-year ROM radiographic follow-up was required. Exclusion criteria included (1) calcaneal osteotomies, (2) simultaneous or previous hindfoot or midfoot arthrodesis, (3) prior ankle arthrodesis, or (4) revision TAR. Demographic data were extracted from the TAR database. Radiographic assessment included tibiopedal dorsiflexion (DF) and plantarflexion (PF). Results: DF improved by 2.8 degrees ( P = .0286) and by 6.0 degrees ( P < .0001) in the TAL and GR cohorts, respectively, with no difference in the control group (+0.7 degrees, P = .3764). PF was decreased by 4.5 degrees ( P = .0152) and by 7.2 degrees ( P = .0002) in the TAL and GR cohorts, respectively, with no difference in the control group (–0.2 degrees, P = .8546). Minimal differences were observed for total arc of motion for all 3 groups (control 0.5 degrees, GR –1.2 degrees, TAL –1.7 degrees), all of which were nonsignificant (all P > .05). There was no between-group difference in the change in overall arc of motion between the groups ( P = .3599). GR resulted in a greater increase in DF (6.0 vs 2.8 degrees; P = .1074), with a reciprocal greater decrease in PF (7.2 vs 4.5 degrees; P = .2416) compared with the TAL cohort. Conclusion: Both TAL and GR increased postoperative DF; however, this was accompanied by a reciprocal loss in PF. Minimal differences were observed for total arc of motion. Patients should be counseled that concomitant procedures performed to increase DF will do so at the expense of PF. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Abstract Shear thickening fluid (STF) are non-Newtonian fluids that usually behave as liquid in normal condition however under sudden impact, they transformed into a solid like structure with abrupt rise in viscosity. The rheological properties of these fluids play a significant role in energy dissipation. In the present work, effect of boric acid (BA) as an additive for the fine tuning of shear thickening (ST) behavior of colloidal silica-based shear thickening fluids (STFs) was investigated. STFs were synthesized with silica particles (600 nm) in liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG-200). Both the steady state and dynamic rheological studies of STFs were carried out to compare ST behavior of BA based STFs with only silica-based STFs. In steady state rheology, it was observed that max. viscosity increases four time compared to only silica based STF. In dynamic rheology, it was observed that the maximum G′ and G″ of the STF composition (69% + 1.2% BA) at a frequency of 70 rad/s has increased by ∼41 times and ∼14 times, respectively, when the deforming strain reaches at 100% strain. Both the steady state and dynamic rheological analyses have confirmed that boric acid based STFs exhibited higher shear/strain thickening behavior, as well as higher energy absorption property.

Under certain growth conditions GalnP tends to exhibit spontaneous superlattice ordering with atoms arranging in GaP/lnP monolayers along two of the possible four [111] crystal directions. The superlattice ordering leads to significant changes in the electrical and optical properties of the crystal most prominently decreasing the energy band gap. In ordered material optical transitions between the highest valence band and the conduction band are not allowed for polarisation parallel to the ordering directions. In order to demonstrate the potential device applications of this polarisation effect we have studied the electroluminescence (EL) and the electroabsorption of (Al0.3Ga0.7)0.52In0 48/Ga0 52ln0.48P p-i-n double hetero structures. Samples with ordered (o-samples) and disordered (d-samples) GalnP active layers have been grown lattice matched to GaAs by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The o-samples were grown at 650°C on exactly oriented GaAs substrates while for the d-samples a growth temperature of 710°C and 6° toward [111A] tilted substrates have been used. Moreover, thermal disordering of the o- samples was achieved by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 900°C for 30 sec after growth (a-samples). This technique allows to compare ordered and disordered material made from the same epitaxial wafer. Surface emitting light emitting diodes (LED) with chemically dry etched mesas have been fabricated. The EL spectra of o- and a-LED show peaks at 673 nm and 650 nm respectively. This corresponds to an energy shift of 65 meV and is in very good agreement with PL measurements. The a-samples exhibit a significantly decreased EL-efficiency compared to the o-LED which can be explained by damage caused by RTA. Polarisation measurements of o-LEDs exhibit a contrast of 1.4 dB between polarisation parallel to the [ 01 1 ¯ ] and [011] crystal direction respectively. This effect is nearly independent of diode current and mesa geometry, but not observed for a-LEDs. This lifted degeneracy of polarisation states associated with the ordered GalnP phase has to be considered as a very promising feature for polarisation control in VCSELs.

With the popularity and spread of social media, more and more social software is helping to bring people closer to each other [1]. It is increasingly easy for adolescents to get other people's updates from social media, including celebrities, internet celebrities and peers [2]. Also adolescence is a time when the brain undergoes many structural and functional changes, so it is likely that the part of the social brain responsible for regulating imitation is still maturing throughout adolescence, which may lead to more pronounced imitative behaviour [3]. In addition, adolescents gain popularity, status and attractiveness through imitation of their idols or among their peers [4]. Therefore, making good use of the prevalent behaviours that social media has created in society has the potential to provide better behavioural interventions for the adolescent population [5], helping to shape better behavioural habits in adolescents, improving the current trend of younger disease and potentially reducing the likelihood of preventable health problems.The aim of this study was to analyse how popular behavioural mimicry among adolescents can be used to promote the activation of their health behaviours. We asked two questions: 1. the extent to which imitation behaviours activate adolescents' health behaviours; 2. measuring the impact of knowledge, skills and beliefs involved in the activation of behavioural imitation on adolescents' health maintenance and disease prevention.A questionnaire was used to enumerate the population groups that have the greatest influence on adolescents as the test sample in this study. 100 participants took part in the questionnaire, including 50 participants from mainland China and 50 participants from Hong Kong, whose mean age was 16 ± 3 years. After administering the questionnaire, 50 of these participants, who were randomly and equally divided into 10 groups of 5 participants each, were surveyed using the Activation Inventory (PAM) to measure the current level of knowledge, skills and beliefs involved in the activation of the adolescent population to maintain health and prevent disease, and then measured again using the PAM 30 and 60 days after the adolescents were exposed to the imitated subjects.The adolescent group itself was not highly aware of healthy behaviours and the effectiveness of positive health behaviour imitation in changing health behaviours and outcomes was somewhat proven when they were exposed to positive health behaviours of imitators for 30 days. However, 60 days after participants were exposed to imitations of healthy behaviours, although the imitations were still effective in maintaining healthy behaviours, the 60-day activation of healthy behaviours produced some decline compared to the first 30 days of outcomes. Therefore, in the future, more research should be conducted on the preferences and needs of adolescent groups to identify the social factors and groups that best trigger imitation among adolescents, and to promote positive health behaviours among adolescents by developing mobile applications that are more in line with adolescents' expectations to trigger trends, create widespread social discussion and be present in their daily conversations.References1.Moira Burke and Robert E. Kraut. 2014. Growing closer on facebook: changes in tie strength through social network site use. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 4187–4196. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.25570942.C. Longobardi, M. Settanni, M.A. Fabris, D. Marengo, Follow or be followed: Exploring the links between Instagram popularity, social media addiction, cyber victimization, and subjective happiness in Italian adolescents, Children and Youth Services Review, Volume 113, 2020, 104955,ISSN 0190-7409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104955.3.Cook, J., Bird, G. Social attitudes differentially modulate imitation in adolescents and adults. Exp Brain Res 211, 601–612 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-011-2584-4.4.Raviv, A., Bar-Tal, D., Raviv, A. et al. Adolescent idolization of pop singers: Causes, expressions, and reliance. J Youth Adolescence 25, 631–650 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537358.5.Korda H, Itani Z. Harnessing Social Media for Health Promotion and Behavior Change. Health Promotion Practice. 2013;14(1):15-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839911405850.